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Hativa, Nira, and Avigdor Teper. "Differential Effectiveness of Three Color Treatments in Learning Geometric Concepts via Computer-Guided Teaching." Journal of Educational Computing Research 4, no. 3 (August 1988): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3bwb-p2v2-11q7-uw12.
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This study examined the differential effects of three color treatments incorporated into microcomputer software on the learning of geometric concepts by students with differential aptitudes. The color treatments were: monochrome, functional (the use of color for cueing), and nonfunctional (the indiscriminate use of color). The experimental software provided teachers with a detailed lesson outline to be used with one large-screen monitor for whole-class instruction using the discussion or recitation method of teaching. Ninth-grade students ( N = 109) were randomly assigned to the treatment groups. All students answered two aptitude tests, two geometric pretests, two geometric immediate posttests, the same posttests administered one month later, and an attitude questionnaire. All three experimental forty-minute lessons were delivered by the same teacher using the same software varying only the color treatment. Results revealed significantly better immediate and delayed learning of the functional group over both other groups with the low-aptitude students benefitting the most from the cueing provided by the functional-color software. Although high-aptitude students did not benefit more from the functional treatment than from the other two treatments, they showed the most positive attitudes toward this treatment whereas low aptitude students did not show any preference for the color system involved.
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Goble, David. "Using the Differential Aptitude Tests for Selection and Prediction in Vocational Education and Training." Australian Journal of Career Development 7, no. 1 (November 1998): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629800700107.
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The Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT) were first published in 1947 and have undergone numerous revisions since then. The tests were standardised in Australia and New Zealand in 1983 and are widely used by guidance counsellors, vocational psychologists, schools and business organisations. This paper reports the findings of a study focusing on the validity of the DAT as a predictor of performance in a post-secondary technical training program. Four subtests from the eight-test battery were used to predict student performance in two electronic engineering units: Electronic Principles and Digital Electronics. The sample consisted of 213 electronic engineering students with a mean age of 21.4 years (SD = 9.5 years). Principal Components Analysis and unweighted least squares factor analysis suggested that the DAT measures general ability and that its differential nature is limited. Hierarchical multiple regression was performed to measure the strength of association between the predictor variables and the criterion measures. The regression analysis indicated that general ability accounted for most of the variance in the criterion measures, ranging between 37 and 41% while specific abilities added, at most, 4% to these figures.
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Betz, Armin. "Evaluation of Personality Traits for a Successful Career of Engineers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 1056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.1056.
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Various research on aptitude testing has been accomplished yet [1,2,. Experiences from many years of HR consulting and knowledge of the industrys needs regarding to and lack of specific scientific research in aptitude testing for engineers emerged into research acivities in this field. The paper presents the data and main results of the field of aptitude testing for engineers. Its present situation as well as the reasons for that are considered and its necessity is shown. The gotten insights are presented: the existence of personality traits typical for engineers, the existence of key criteria and deduction of HR development measures necessary for a career. A newly developed personality test was applied to the occupational area of engineers. With more than 1400 tests conducted, many deductions were possible.Through the innovative approach of standard profiles of corresponding average groups rather than with demografic equivalent results could be derived. These are typical traits on the one side and development areas on the other.
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Setiawati, Farida Agus. "Aptitude Test's Predictive Ability for Academic Success in Psychology Student." Psychological Research and Intervention 3, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pri.v3i1.34731.
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The developments that occur in psychological measurement have an effect on the development of the quality of the tests used. Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) is a form of psychological test used to measure a person's talent. Measurement of aspects of talent needs to be proven on the success of post-aptitude test studies. Therefore, this study aims to examine: (1) the predictive validity of differential aptitude tests in predicting study success in psychology study programs, and (2) which subtests are influential in predicting the success of studies in psychology study programs. Data collection was carried out using test techniques and documentation techniques. The research subjects were 62 students majoring in psychology at Yogyakarta State University in the academic year 2016/2017. The data obtained were then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques, where the subtest scores on the DAT were treated as predictors and the Grade Point Average scores were treated as the dependent variable. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) the DAT test can predict the success of the study in the psychology study program; and (2) the subtest in DAT that has the most influence in predicting the success of the study in the psychology study program is the verbal subtest and the numerical subtest
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Li, Shaofeng. "THE CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF LANGUAGE APTITUDE." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 38, no. 4 (December 18, 2015): 801–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s027226311500042x.
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A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the construct validity of language aptitude by synthesizing the existing research that has been accumulated over the past five decades. The study aimed to provide a thorough understanding of the construct by aggregating the data reported in the primary research on its correlations with other individual difference variables and with second language (L2) achievement. A total of 66 studies were retrieved that contributed effect sizes based on 109 unique samples and 13,035 foreign language learners. The results revealed that (1) aptitude was independent of other cognitive and affective factors: it was distinct from motivation, had a negative correlation with anxiety, and overlapped with, but was distinguishable from, intelligence; (2) executive working memory was more strongly associated with aptitude and aptitude components than phonological short-term memory; (3) aptitude measured using full-length tests was a strong predictor of general L2 proficiency, but it had low predictive validity for vocabulary learning and L2 writing; and (4) different aptitude components demonstrated differential predictive validity for different aspects of learning. The findings are useful for tackling a number of conundrums surrounding language aptitude and shed light on how to reconceptualize the construct and reorient the research.
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Wang, Mao-Jiun J., Colin G. Drury, and Michael L. Raulin. "An Evaluation of the IPI-Inspection Test." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 13 (September 1986): 1296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603001314.
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The Color Video Comparator (CVC), a semiautomated inspection device was used to assess the validity of a commercially available selection test for inspectors published by Industrial Psychology, Inc. (IPI). The IPI battery included five aptitude subtests (Blocks, Dimensions, Tools, Precision, and Parts). Factor analysis was performed to determine the underlying factor patterns measured by the IPI-inspection tests. Also, Pearson correlations were performed to evaluate the strength of associations between IPI-inspection tests scores and different inspection performance measures. The results, in general, suggested that the IPI-inspection tests which measure multiple attributes demonstrate a predictive ability for many performance measures of the CVC inspection task.
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Oosterveld, Paul, and Harrie C. M. Vorst. "Note on Reliability and Validity of Self-Evaluation of Ability Scales." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 3 (June 1996): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.991.
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A four-scale questionnaire on self-evaluation of ability was developed, testing 402 pupils. The Differential Aptitude Test was used as the criterion for estimating validity. Values of Cronbach alpha for the Verbal, Reasoning, Spatial, and Numerical Ability scales ranged from .74 to .86. The Reasoning Ability scale lacked validity.
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Yilmaz, Yucel, and Gisela Granena. "IMPLICITNESS AND EXPLICITNESS IN COGNITIVE ABILITIES AND CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 43, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 523–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263120000601.
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AbstractThis aptitude–treatment interaction study investigated the extent to which explicit and implicit cognitive abilities are differentially related to learning outcomes under two corrective feedback conditions. One hundred and thirteen intermediate English learners of Spanish were randomly assigned to an implicit feedback (recast), explicit feedback (explicit correction), or control group after completing tests from two aptitude batteries (High-Level Language Aptitude Battery [Hi-LAB] and LLAMA). Linguistic improvement on noun-adjective gender agreement and Differential Object Marking was assessed using grammaticality judgment and oral production tasks. Results showed that implicit but not explicit abilities were relevant for the acquisition of gender agreement under implicit feedback as measured by grammaticality judgments. In contrast, explicit but not implicit abilities were relevant for the acquisition of object marking under explicit feedback as measured by oral production. These results lent support to a double dissociation, but they also suggested higher-order interaction effects between the type of cognitive ability, outcome measure, and target structure.
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Alkhadher, Othman, David D. Clarke, and Neil Anderson. "Equivalence and predictive validity of paper-and-pencil and computerized adaptive formats of the Differential Aptitude Tests." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 71, no. 3 (September 1998): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1998.tb00673.x.
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Ismail, Fajri. "THE EVALUATION OF CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION AT TARBIYAH FACULTY IAIN RADEN FATAH PALEMBANG." JISAE: JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN STUDENT ASSESMENT AND EVALUATION 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jisae.011.02.
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This research aims to figure out the facts of the objective conditions of the curriculum implementation at Tarbiyah Faculty IAIN Raden Fatah Palembang. The curriculum evaluation used the Evaluation Programme for Innovative Curriculum (EPIC) Model, consisting of three components namely: 1) instruction, 2) institutional, and 3) learning achievement. This research used an evaluative programme to make judgments and decisions of a programme or curriculum. The evaluation results for these three components are: (1) instruction: learning burdens and lecturers’ quality are good, but there are still many errors in the presentation, coding, credits of institutional courses, faculty courses, and study program courses, low in task variation, low in the number of hours of meetings, many mistakes in curriculum structure, and low in facilities and infrastructure, (2) institutional: entrance tests for the students of Tarbiyah Faculty IAIN Raden Fatah do not include aptitude tests, lecturers who have magister qualification is good, but low on doctoral qualification, and ratio between lecturers to students is not ideal, (3) learning achievement: students’ mastery of teaching skills and attitudes is good, but very low in the mastery of pedagogical skills and teacher education. Recommendations of this research are 1) revise curriculum, 2) use the aptitude test to select new students, 3) increase academic qualifications of lecturers, and 4) revise comprehensive examination system.
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Fuchs, Douglas, Lynn S. Fuchs, Suanne Benowitz, and Kenneth Barringer. "Norm-Referenced Tests: Are They Valid for Use with Handicapped Students?" Exceptional Children 54, no. 3 (November 1987): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440298705400309.
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Although norm-referenced tests have been a mainstay in special education placement and program evaluation activity, there never has been a systematic effort to determine whether handicapped children have been included in the development of the tests' norms, items, and indices of reliability and validity. The present investigation explored this question by analyzing up-to-date user manuals and technical supplements of 27 aptitude and achievement tests. Results indicated most test developers and publishers provide scant data on the appropriateness of their tests for use with handicapped children. Implications for test users, developers, and publishers are discussed.
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Parcias, S. R., K. dos Santos, M. E. Merlin da Silva, A. M. Belindo Bellé, A. L. Bertoncini de Souza, B. Castro Oltramari, and K. C. Magro. "Motor Aptitude and Attention in Pacients with Mental Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71185-x.
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An important part of the patients are affected with Mental Disorder associate with the cognitive alterations and its exercises an influence in the patient's daily routine.This field study, a descriptive diagnostic encompassing the case and had as objective to evaluate the cognitive aspects: motor aptitude and attention.The sample was the intentional kind, composed of female patients with diagnosis of Mental Disorder (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) according to DSM IV, in depressive condition, from 22 to 55 years old, interned in a psychiatric hospital.For the evaluation of the motor aptitude it was used the Motor Aptitude Rank for the Elderly (Escala Motora para a Terceira Idade - EMTI - Pink Grandson, 2002) adapted that evaluates the general and specific motor aptitude: Specific Motricity, Global Motricity, Balance, Corporal Design, Space Organization, Shedule Organization. It was used the TMT (Trail Making Test - parts A and B - neuropsychological battery Halstead-Reitan) to evaluate the attention (Reitan, 1958).The data had been organized and analyzed through descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.Results:General Motor Aptitude (GMA) was classified as Normal Low; Global Motricity, Balance, Corporal Design, Space Organization and Schedule Organization had low output; the worse execution in the TMT indicating attention deficit disorder; the increasing of the time in the execution of the TMT proportional to the increase of the age; a negative value of the correlation of the GMA and the attention, a bigger slowness in the execution of the TMT tests shows minors values of GMA.
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Borzovs, Juris, Laila Niedrite, and Darja Solodovnikova. "Computer Programming Aptitude Test as a Tool for Reducing Student Attrition." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 16, 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol3.175.
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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-GB">The stable trend to lose from one-third to half of students in the first study year of computing studies motivated us to explore, which methods are used to determine in advance such applicants, who have no change to overcome the first study year. Initially, a research about the factors influencing the attrition in Faculty of Computing at the University of Latvia was conducted. The research revealed that the trend of non-beginning studies might indicate the wrong choice of the study field and possible lack of understanding of what is programming by enrolled students (applicants as well as pupils).</span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-GB">The study provides the review of the situation with programming aptitude tests in the world, which could serve as one of the solutions to the dropout reduction. An action plan is proposed, which is based on the exploration of students and evaluation of activities already conducted at the Faculty of Computing of the University of Latvia to reduce dropout (School of Young Programmers, Compensative Course in High School Mathematics, Mentoring programs). Moreover, the supplementation of these activities by one of the existing programming attitude tests (or a combination of several tests) or a necessity to develop a new similar test is considered.</span></p>
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Shchur, Nataliia. "THE STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES APTITUDE." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 194 (June 2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2021-1-194-183-190.
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This study aims to explore the foreign language (FL) aptitude components as one of the crucial factors of successful language learning. Having conducted the research, the following results and conclusions have been drawn. FL aptitude is defined as individual psychological characteristics which determine and predict the dynamics of mastering FL, that is the rate, speed and progress of learning. The components of FL aptitude include language abilities (phonetic, lexical, grammatical and stylistic abilities), speech abilities (abilities to listening, speaking, reading and writing), communicative abilities, the sense of language, thinking in a foreign language, linguistic creativity, motivation. The sense of language and thinking in a foreign language is considered to be the central abilities in FL aptitude. The structure of FL aptitude forms an integral unity, since it is characterized by the interdependence and interaction of all its components. Moreover, it is closely related to general intelligence. Therefore, it is possible to single out auditory and cognitive abilities which are common for all above mentioned abilities and play a key role in determining the level of their development. These abilities involve auditory differential sensitivity (phonemic awareness and intonation hearing), memory (iconic, echoic, motor, working, short-term, long-term, verbal and the ability of involuntary remembering), verbal thinking and inductive reasoning, cognitive processing speed (the rate of speech, the rate of associative processes and the rate of processing new information). According to the level of FL aptitude development there are three styles of FL learning: communicative, cognitive and mixed. The difference between these three styles lies in the fact that the first style refers to language acquisition and the second and the third styles refer to language learning. Consequently, the direct (natural) methods of FL learning are more appropriate for the representatives of the cognitive style and the indirect methods or the combination of the direct and indirect methods is more beneficial for the representatives of the cognitive and mixed styles. Taking into account the results of our research, we suppose it is expedient to run the tests for revealing and measuring FL aptitude which is normally difficult to observe. It allows the educators to detect the factors which make it difficult for students to learn FL and to find the effective ways to eliminate or relieve them.
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Jardine, Dinchen, Benjamin Hoagland, Angel Perez, and Eric Gessler. "Evaluation of Surgical Dexterity During the Interview Day: Another Factor for Consideration." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-14-00546.1.
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Abstract Background Manual dexterity and visual spatial ability are not routinely used to evaluate candidates for surgical residency training as part of the application interview. Objective This study assessed the acceptability and feasibility of evaluating the manual dexterity and visual spatial ability of applicants for general surgery and otolaryngology residency, and evaluated the relationship between this information and routinely considered application factors. Methods During the 2012 interview season, medical students applying to our institution's general surgery and otolaryngology residency programs underwent a battery of tests relevant to surgical dexterity. Five tests shown to be related to the surgeons' dexterity or visual spatial skills were administered during the course of their in-person interview day. The results from these tests were compared with data collected as part of the current application process. Results A total of 64 students were enrolled, and 58 had data that could be analyzed. Regression analysis using the enter method was performed for each of the tests, and for the composite scores. None of the values were significant as defined by P ≤ .05. Neither the scatterplots of the data nor Pearson r showed a correlation between the highest performers on the surgical dexterity composite score and individuals' highest scores on the dimensions used in the current process to assess applicants. Conclusions The addition of 1 or more evaluations of visual spatial skills and psychomotor aptitude can be done during a standard interview day, is acceptable to applicants, and may provide information that is different from the usual components of the application.
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Manning, Michael E. "Hereditary angioedema: Differential diagnosis, diagnostic tests, and family screening." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 41, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): S22—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.200062.
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Hereditary angioedema is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic disorder that leads to sporadic episodes of swelling, which can affect any part of the body. With a prevalence of 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 50,000, there are other, more common causes of angioedema. Differentiating between bradykinin-mediated and histamine-mediated causes of swelling remains a major challenge. It is critical to develop an appropriate differential diagnosis, work through the various conditions, and obtain the pertinent laboratory evaluation to rule in or out the proposed diagnosis. As an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, there is a 50% chance with each pregnancy of passing on the genetic mutation in the SERPING1 gene. This review addressed the differential diagnosis to consider, the appropriate laboratory evaluation, and the importance of family screening.
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Bittner, Alvah C., Robert C. Carter, Robert S. Kennedy, Mary M. Harbeson, and Michele Krause. "Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (Peter): Evaluation of 114 Measures." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (October 1986): 683–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.683.
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The goal of the Performance Evaluation Tests for Environmental Research (PETER) Program was to identify a set of measures of human capabilities for use in the study of environmental and other time-course effects. 114 measures studied in the PETER Program were evaluated and categorized into four groups based upon task stability and task definition. The Recommended category contained 30 measures that clearly obtained total stabilization and had an acceptable level of reliability efficiency. The Acceptable-But-Redundant category contained 15 measures. The 37 measures in the Marginal category, which included an inordinate number of slope and other derived measures, usually had desirable features which were outweighed by faults. The 32 measures in the Unacceptable category had either differential instability or weak reliability efficiency. It is our opinion that the 30 measures in the Recommended category should be given first consideration for environmental research applications. Further, it is recommended that information pertaining to preexperimental practice requirements and stabilized reliabilities should be utilized in repeated-measures environmental studies.
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Edwards, Roger. "Predicting Academic Achievement and Counselling for Course Selection: An Examination of the Effectiveness of the Differential Aptitude Tests in Forecasting Year 12 Success." Australian Journal of Career Development 3, no. 2 (September 1994): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629400300210.
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There is increasing tendency to use the Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT) for course and career counselling with students in independent schools in Australia. The OAT profile and explanatory notes may also be forwarded to students and/or parents and it is of particular concern that the full explanation of means of interpreting the profile is often not clear to the naive client. Many clients view the profile as a combination of IQ report and predictor of future academic success. To provide professional counsellors with unequivocal evidence to support their explanations to such clients, and as entry to tertiary and to many TAPE courses in Australia, is by academic achievement score, the present study examined the predictive value of the DAT for academic achievement at the end of Year 12. It was concluded that the DAT may have some value in predicting marginal variations in academic achievement, over and above that predicted by measures of general mental ability, but that individual counselling on the nature of the DAT profile is needed to demonstrate to the naive client both the distorting effect of the CSA subtest and the inappropriateness of the view that any of the DAT measures may be seen as predictors of Tertiary Entrance Score.
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Kupferberg, Irit. "DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF EXPLICIT INSTRUCTION ON SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION.Rick de Graaff. Leiden: Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics, 1997. Pp. 234. NLG 40 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 1 (March 2000): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100241053.
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Is there an interface between explicit and implicit knowledge in L2 acquisition? Rick de Graaff's doctoral dissertation tests this question in an experimental study from a weak interface position. This position indicates that explicit knowledge has a facilitative role in the acquisition of implicit knowledge when it engages the attention of learners and makes them notice input features (Schmidt, 1990). De Graaff studies the effect of explicit computer-aided self-instruction on the acquisition of morphosyntax in Experanto (an artificial language, based on Zamenhoff's Esperanto) and Spanish (as a foreign language) by adult native speakers of Dutch. Acquisition is tested in interaction with five intervening factors that constitute a controlled linguistic, psychological, and pedagogic context (i.e., complexity of structures, rule-based learning in syntax and exemplar-based learning in morphology, familiarity with the structures, availability of explicit knowledge, and learners' aptitude). Experanto is chosen to control for the influence of previous knowledge and contact outside class, and Spanish is chosen to make the results more generalizable.
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Fröhner, F. H. "Evaluation of the Unresolved Resonance Range of238U +n, Part II: Differential Data Tests." Nuclear Science and Engineering 111, no. 4 (August 1992): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse92-a15487.
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Paliy, Anatoliy. "Cognitive-Style Approach to Psychological Support of the Gifted Pupils Mountain Schools of the Ukrainian Carpathians." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, no. 2-3 (December 22, 2014): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.1.2-3.181-187.
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The differential-cognitological point of view, giftedness is “a systemic quality of apersonality that develops throughout life and determines their abilities to achieve exceptionallyhigh results in one or more activities compared to those of other people”. Herewith, it is thefundamental concept of general aptitude, under which “the level of general abilities developmentthat determines the range of activities in which a person can achieve great success” is understood.Within the structure of general aptitude intellectual giftedness is singled out as the level ofdevelopment, as well as the type of organization of individual mental experience, which ensure anopportunity of creative intellectual activity, i. e. an activity, related to the creation of subjectivelyand objectively new ideas, to the use of innovative approaches to solving problems and opennessto controversial aspects of the situation and so on. In order to identify talented children and adultsthe value of intellectual quotient (IQ) is still most commonly used. Psychometric approach (themeasurement of psychic phenomena with the help of standardized IQ tests) to the diagnosis ofintellectual giftedness, which is dominant in psychological diagnostics today, by definition, cannot“measure” the phenomena of an individual psyche, since the modern level of psychological sciencedoes not allow to proceed to psychological diagnosis, let alone prediction of a certain person`sbehavior, on the basis of individual results in performing a psychological test (psychometric test ofintelligence, personality questionnaire, projective methods etc).In our opinion, many problems in psychological and pedagogical support of gifted childrencould be avoided by making use of cognitive-style approach to diagnosis of intellectual giftedness,creative abilities, propensities and peculiar mental traits of a separate individuality. Objectivity ofsuch an approach is corroborated by the results of individual cognitive styles (hereinafter CS)diagnostics, carried out by means of experimental techniques. In contrast to standardized tests,such techniques allow to perform diagnostic tests individually and reveal the peculiarities of thearrangement and functioning of an individual mind.Obviously, nowadays we are faced with the need for providing theoretical, methodological andempirical grounds for the development of a conceptual model that would consider giftedness as anintegral psychological system, all aspects of which could be understood in the context of agedynamics and mental experience of an individual. CS approach to interpreting and diagnosis ofgiftedness provides a reliable theoretical basis for working out a systematic methodology ofpsychological diagnostics of the general aptitude, as it meets the basic principles of humanizationof the educational environment in Ukraine. CS approach is child-centered, therefore, it brings infocus individual uniqueness and originality of each child.
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Haertel, Edward. "The Valid Use of Student Performance Measures for Teacher Evaluation." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 8, no. 1 (March 1986): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737008001045.
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Student achievement test scores appear promising as indicators of teacher performance, but their use carries significant risks. Inappropriate tests improperly used may encourage undesirable shifts in curricular focus or poor teaching practices, and may unfairly favor teachers of more able classes. It is often said that standardized achievement test batteries are unsuitable for teacher evaluation, but few systematic alternatives have been suggested. The purposes of this paper are to analyze some problems in using student test scores to evaluate teachers and to propose an achievement-based model for teacher evaluation that is effective, affordable, fair, legally defensible, and politically acceptable. The system is designed only for detecting and documenting poor teacher performance; rewarding excellence in teaching is viewed as a separate problem, and is not addressed in this paper. In addition to pretesting and statistical adjustments for student aptitude differences, the proposed system relies upon attendance data and portfolios of student work to distinguish alternative explanations for poor test scores. While no single set of procedures can eliminate all errors, the proposed system, if carefully implemented, could expose teaching to constructive scrutiny, organize objective information about teaching adequacy, and help to guide its improvement.
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McCaffrey, Thomas V. "Evaluation of the Thyroid Nodule." Cancer Control 7, no. 3 (May 2000): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107327480000700301.
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Background Clinically detectable thyroid nodules occur in up to 4% of the population in the United States. With ultrasound, nodules may be found in up to 50% of those over 50 years of age. Methods The author reviews his own experience as well as that of others to define a sound clinical approach to the differential diagnosis and detection of thyroid cancer. Results Prior neck irradiation is a risk factor for thyroid malignancy. The association of a thyroid nodule with enlarged lymph nodes or fixation of the nodule to strap muscles or the trachea suggests malignancy. A diffusely multinodular gland is usually benign. Conclusions Thyroid function tests rarely help a differential diagnosis. Fine-needle aspiration is the “gold standard” for diagnosis. Tiny “incidentalomas” are often followed with repeat monitoring for change of size or character.
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Krauss, Howard R. "Orbital Surgical Guidelines—Clinical Evaluation." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 82, no. 01 (February 2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722699.
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AbstractOrbital disorders may present with change in form or function or may be discovered incidentally during clinical or imaging evaluations. A standardized orbital clinical examination, with appropriate ancillary tests, is helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis and in the development of plans for management, with an eye toward minimizing the morbidity of the disease or its treatment. Evaluation and management may best be performed with a multidisciplinary team, which has become more common in skull base surgery.
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Mylon, Peter, Matt J. Carré, Nicolas Martin, and Roger Lewis. "How do gloves affect cutaneous sensibility in medical practice? Two new applied tests." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 231, no. 1 (November 23, 2016): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411916679199.
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In order to quantify the effect of medical gloves on tactile performance, two new Simulated Medical Examination Tactile Tests (SMETT) have been developed to replicate the tactile and haptic ability required in medical examinations: the ‘Bumps’ test and the ‘Princess and the Pea’ (P&P) test. A pilot study was carried out using 30–40 subjects for each test in order to investigate the suitability of the tests for medical glove evaluation. Tests were performed with latex and nitrile examination gloves and without gloves. Following the tests, small-scale studies were carried out to investigate the effect of various design parameters, such as material stiffness and tactile exploration method. In the ‘Bumps’ test, subjects performed significantly better in the ungloved condition, and there were ‘almost significant’ differences between the gloves, with the thinner latex gloves performing better than the thicker nitrile gloves. Both finger orientation and surface lubrication were found to have a significant effect on results, indicating that these need to be clearly defined in the test procedure. In the ‘P&P’ test, no significant effect of hand condition was found, suggesting that haptic sensing is less affected by medical gloves than cutaneous sensibility. Other factors such as material stiffness, technique and test orientation had a more significant effect. The SMETT ‘Bumps’ test has potential as a clinical manual performance evaluation tool and may be used to evaluate the relative effects of different gloves. The SMETT ‘P&P’ test is a valid measure of haptic or tactile performance, but should not be used in glove evaluation. Both tests could have further applications, such as in the assessment of neurological impairment or aptitude testing for potential surgeons.
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Marriott, Mary E., and Esther Care. "Fluid and crystallised intelligence and their relationship to school outcome." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 19, no. 2 (2004): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081651220002931x.
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AbstractFew studies exist that address the relationship between the higher order factors of fluid (Go and crystallised (Gc) intelligence and Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) outcomes. In this study, for each of five cohorts, longitudinal data have been collected over a six-year span, consisting of results from standardised achievement and ability tests and ending with achievement outcomes.Two factors, interpreted as Gf and Gc, are derived from the standardised measures. In Year 7, these measures were the Progressive Achievement Test Mathematics (PAT Moths), Progressive Achievement Test Reading Comprehension (PAT Comprehension), and the jenkins Test of Nonverbal Ability. In Year 10, the measures were the subtests of the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT).These factors are investigated in order to identify whether they are differentially important in regard to VCE Performance. The standardised measures and final VCE results were collected at a Melbourne independent girls' school from 414 exiting Year 12 students, in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. Both Gf and Gc accounted for a significant amount of the variance in VCE performance, with Gc being the most significant indicator.
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Pappachan, Joseph M., Christian Hariman, Mahamood Edavalath, Julian Waldron, and Fahmy W. Hanna. "Cushing's syndrome: a practical approach to diagnosis and differential diagnoses." Journal of Clinical Pathology 70, no. 4 (January 9, 2017): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203933.
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Diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome (CS) and identification of the aetiology of hypercortisolism can be challenging. The Endocrine Society clinical practice guidelines recommends one of the four tests for initial screening of CS, namely, urinary-free cortisol, late night salivary cortisol, overnight dexamethasone suppression test or a longer low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, for 48 hours. Confirmation and localisation of CS requires additional biochemical and radiological tests. Radiological evaluation involves different imaging modalities including MRI with or without different radio-nuclear imaging techniques. Invasive testing such as bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling may be necessary in some patients for accurate localisation of the cause for hypercortisolism. This best practice review discusses a practical approach for the diagnostic evaluation of CS with a brief discussion on differential diagnoses, and cyclical CS, to enhance the skills of clinicians and laboratory personnel.
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Aichi, Yassir, Mustapha Bassiri, Said Benmokhtar, and Said Belaaouad. "E-Assessment as a Vector for Identifying and Increasing the Validation of Advice Within Professional Organizations." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 14, no. 20 (December 11, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i20.15663.
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<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The particularity of E- Assessment is that it allows to combine the assessment of personality with that of personal and interpersonal values. It is this joint assessment that makes all the richness and interest of digital assessment for human resources professionals in terms of recruitment, career management, professional orientation and assessment of soft skills.The platforms dedicated to evaluation cover several families: behavioral tests or personality tests, aptitude tests and value questionnaires. They have the particularity to measure with a certain precision dimensions clearly denied by the editor, in connection with scientific concepts. Then they statistically compare the results to a standard and a reference population. In order to assess the impact of E- Assessment t, we opted during this study at SOSIE 2nd Generation for a digital HR tool that meets the current requirements of human resources professionals for assessment in international contexts. Indeed, the work was carried out on the content of the items, the dimensions, the descriptive and interpretation reports through a reading in terms of percentiles, common behavior styles for a population of Moroccan professionals operating in various sectors of activity.</span></p>
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Feldmann, Carolin, and Thomas Carolus. "Context Effect in Fan Sound Evaluation by Jury Tests Using the Method of the Semantic Differential." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 105, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.919293.
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Boyer, Daniel F. "Blood and Bone Marrow Evaluation for Eosinophilia." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 140, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 1060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0223-ra.
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Evaluation of peripheral blood and bone marrow for an indication of persistent eosinophilia can be a challenging task because there are many causes of eosinophilia and the morphologic differences between reactive and neoplastic causes are often subtle or lack specificity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the differential diagnosis for eosinophilia, to recommend specific steps for the pathologist evaluating blood and bone marrow, and to emphasize 2 important causes of eosinophilia that require specific ancillary tests for diagnosis: myeloproliferative neoplasm with PDGFRA rearrangement and lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome.
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Skulnick, Martin, Donald E. Low, Andrew E. Simor, Mohan Patel, Pauline George, and Robert Chua. "Comparative Evaluation of Seven Commercial Tests for Detection of Heterophile Antibody in Infectious Mononucleosis." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 3, no. 1 (1992): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/510261.
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Detection of heterophile antibodies in infectious mononucleosis is the most rapid and cost-effective method for confirming the clinical diagnosis of the disease. This study compared seven commercial test kits (the Oxoid Infectious Mononucleosis Kit [Oxoid Ltd], Immunoscan Im-Latex [Baxter Travenol], Mono-Latex [Wampole Laboratories], Monospot and Im Screen Test [Ortho Diagnostics], Immunoscan Im-RBC Test [Baxter Travenol], and Infectious Mononucleosis Test [NCS Diagnostics]) to the Davidsohn differential test. All of the kits were shown to be acceptable for use, with specificities and sensitivities greater than 96.5% and 95.5%, respectively.
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Gleason, Philip E., Myron H. Weinberger, J. Howard Pratt, Richard Bihrle, Jim dugan, Doug Eller, and John P. Donohue. "Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests in the Differential Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism: Unilateral Adenoma Versus Bilateral Micronodular Hyperplasia." Journal of Urology 150, no. 5 Part 1 (November 1993): 1365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35781-6.
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Storek, Dominik, Frantisek Rund, and Petr Marsalek. "Subjective Evaluation of Three Headphone-Based Virtual Sound Source Positioning Methods Including Differential Head-Related Transfer Function." Archives of Acoustics 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0043.
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Abstract This paper analyses the performance of Differential Head-Related Transfer Function (DHRTF), an alternative transfer function for headphone-based virtual sound source positioning within a horizontal plane. This experimental one-channel function is used to reduce processing and avoid timbre affection while preserving signal features important for sound localisation. The use of positioning algorithm employing the DHRTF is compared to two other common positioning methods: amplitude panning and HRTF processing. Results of theoretical comparison and quality assessment of the methods by subjective listening tests are presented. The tests focus on distinctive aspects of the positioning methods: spatial impression, timbre affection, and loudness fluctuations. The results show that the DHRTF positioning method is applicable with very promising performance; it avoids perceptible channel coloration that occurs within the HRTF method, and it delivers spatial impression more successfully than the simple amplitude panning method.
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Ruijter, Jan M., Antoine H. C. Van Kampen, and Frank Baas. "Statistical evaluation of SAGE libraries: consequences for experimental design." Physiological Genomics 11, no. 2 (October 29, 2002): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00042.2002.
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Since the introduction of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) as a method to quantitatively analyze the differential expression of genes, several statistical tests have been published for the pairwise comparison of SAGE libraries. Testing the difference between the number of specific tags found in two SAGE libraries is hampered by the fact that each SAGE library is only one measurement: the necessary information on biological variation or experimental precision is not available. In the currently available tests, a measure of this variance is obtained from simulation or based on the properties of the tag distribution. To help the user of SAGE to decide between these tests, five different pairwise tests have been compared by determining the critical values, that is, the lowest number of tags that, given an observed number of tags in one library, needs to be found in the other library to result in a significant P value. The five tests included in this comparison are SAGE300, the tests described by Madden et al. ( Oncogene 15: 1079–1085, 1997) and by Audic and Claverie ( Genome Res 7: 986–995, 1997), Fisher’s Exact test, and the Z test, which is equivalent to the chi-squared test. The comparison showed that, for SAGE libraries of equal as well as different size, SAGE300, Fisher’s Exact test, Z test, and the Audic and Claverie test have critical values within 1.5% of each other. This indicates that these four tests will give essentially the same results when applied to SAGE libraries. The Madden test, which can only be used for libraries of similar size, is, with 25% higher critical values, more conservative, probably because the variance measure in its test statistic is not appropriate for hypothesis testing. The consequences for the choice of SAGE library sizes are discussed.
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Arat, Zuleyha Mirzen, Mehmet Okan Akcam, Elçin Esenlik, and F. Emel Arat. "Inconsistencies in the Differential Diagnosis of Open Bite." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/021907-80.1.
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Abstract Objective: To examine inconsistencies in the differential diagnosis of open bite. Materials and Methods: Using visual judgments, a total of 77 anterior open-bite cases in the postpubertal growth period were grouped as either morphogenetic, functional, or combination. The same sample was also grouped as either hyperdivergent, normodivergent, or hypodivergent using mandibular-plane angle and conventional cephalometry. Kappa analysis was used to test the agreement between the 2 methods of evaluation, and χ2 tests were used to analyze the distribution of cephalometrically grouped hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent cases among the visually assessed morphogenetic, functional and combination groups and vice versa. A κ score of 0.343 indicated a weak agreement between visual judgment and cephalometric methods of evaluation (P < .001). Results: Despite the expectation that cases evaluated as hyperdivergent using cephalometry would be visually evaluated as morphogenetic, more than half of the cases assessed as hyperdivergent were in fact classified as functional. Conclusions: These findings highlight the inadequacy of relying solely on cephalometric evaluation to classify open bite.
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Gates, Donald C., and Kevin M. Corradino. "OHMSETT TESTS OF THE TOSCON WEIR SKIMMER AND GRAVITY DIFFERENTIAL SEPARATOR1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-35.
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ABSTRACT An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Texas Oil Spill Control, Inc. (TOSCON) weir skimmer and gravity differential separator was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) facility in October 1982. The tests were sponsored by the OHMSETT Interagency Technical Committee (OITC). The TOSCON skimmer and separator are designed and manufactured by Texas Oil Spill Control, Inc., of Conroe, Texas. The skimmer was designed to operate at intake rates up to 227 cubic meters per hour (m3/h) alone and up to 11.4 m3/h when operated with the oil-water separator. Recovery efficiency and oil recovery rate were the criteria used to measure the skimmer's performance with respect to oil slick thickness, propeller speed, waves, and tow speed. Separator performance was judged by its effectiveness in separating an oil and water dispersion with respect to percent water in the oil effluent and oil concentration in the water effluent samples. The independent variables used in testing the separator were flow rate and oil concentration of the influent liquid. The separator achieved a best performance effluent oil sample containing less than 0.02 percent water. Samples taken during normal operating conditions contained an average of 2.2 percent water. The lowest concentration of oil in an effluent water sample was 65 milligrams per liter (mg/L); the average concentration for all samples was 506 mg/L of oil. Overall, the separator performed best when oil concentrations in the influent were above 40 percent. The skimmer was tested in oil slicks from 1 millimeter (mm) to 31 mm thick. Oil recovery rates ranged from 0.5 to 8.6 m3/h; the average was 2.5 m3/h. Recovery efficiency ranged from 8 to 59 percent. Best performance of the skimmer and separator when tested as a system occurred when the skimmer propeller was run at a speed of 620 rpm in a light oil slick of 26 mm. Under these conditions, the separator yielded effluent oil with 0.2 percent water content and effluent water containing 192 mg of oil/L.
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Guedes-Correa, Jose Fernando, and Stephanie Oliveira Fernandes de Bulhões. "Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome, Case Report and Diagnostic Evaluation." Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 38, no. 02 (April 2, 2019): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685149.
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Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment is a rarely diagnosed condition that leads to intense neuropathic pain in the anterolateral wall of the abdomen. Generally, it is triggered by some factor implied in the increase of the pressure on the nerve in its passage by the abdominal wall. Its most important differential diagnosis is pain of visceral origin.We present a case in which the clinical findings confirmed on ultrasound and other imaging tests established the diagnosis and in which the noninvasive treatment was effective.
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Giannoni, S., G. C. Montanari, A. Motori, and A. Saccani. "Thermal endurance evaluation of poly(butylene terephthalate) by conventional and analytical methods." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 6 (June 2003): 1342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0184.
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The thermal endurance of poly(butylene terephthalate) was evaluated by both consolidated long-term conventional life tests and a short-term analytical procedure. The latter is based on oxidative stability measurements by isothermal differential calorimetry in a pure oxygen flow. The capability of the analytical technique to provide an activation energy for the thermo-oxidation process was verified. The results obtained by the two methods were compared and discussed. It is shown that the temperature index derived by the analytical procedure can be close to that obtained by the conventional tests, provided that a suitable selection of the test temperatures and failure criteria is made; however, benefits in term of test time shortening are lower than those previously obtained for polyolefin-based materials.
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SNOWDEN, JULIE, DAVID CRAUFURD, HELEN GRIFFITHS, JENNIFER THOMPSON, and DAVID NEARY. "Longitudinal evaluation of cognitive disorder in Huntington's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7, no. 1 (January 2001): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617701711046.
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The study investigated longitudinal change in cognitive function in 87 patients with Huntington's disease (HD), using a range of neuropsychological tests, which tap mental manipulative abilities, memory, and frontal executive skills. Over a 1-year period the largest changes were noted in letter fluency, object recall, and Stroop Test performance, whereas no changes were noted over more than 3 years on the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Contrary to expectation, greater change was evident over 1 year for tasks with low compared to high cognitive demands. The differential sensitivity of tasks was attributed in part to inherent characteristics of the tests themselves: their capacity to detect minor gradations of change and their vulnerability to practice effects. However, the greater change for relatively automatic, speed-based tasks with low cognitive demands was interpreted as reflecting the evolution of HD, with a greater magnitude of change occurring in basal ganglia than cortical function. One purpose of the study was to identify tasks sensitive to the progression of HD and hence most suitable for the evaluation of therapies. Despite reaching statistical significance by virtue of the large group size, numerical differences in test scores over 1 year were very small, suggesting that the use of such tests to evaluate change in individuals or small groups of subjects would be problematic. The data highlight the slow progression of HD, the limitations of standard cognitive tests in detecting change over short periods, and the need for therapeutic studies that encompass a relatively prolonged time frame. (JINS, 2001, 7, 33–44.)
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Moraleda Sepulveda, Esther, Patricia López Resa, and Noelia Pulido García. "Language Evaluation in Developmental Language Disorder: Celf 4 vs Celf 5." International Linguistics Research 4, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): p46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v4n2p46.
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The CELF assessment test is one of the tools most used today for the differential diagnosis of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) because it allows obtaining a lingüistic level with different areas. The recent update of the test offers new scales especially in Spanish speakers. The objective of this study was to analyze the language level of people with DLD with the CELF 4 and CELF 5 tests to verify the possible differences that exist between both tests. The sample consisted of 26 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of TDL between 6 and 15 years old who were evaluated with both tests. The results obtained indicate that, in general, the scores are lower when they are evaluated with the CELF 5 test, with significant differences in Core Language, Receptive Language and Expressive Language. These data lead us to consider the CELF test as an essential tool in the diagnosis of DLD but also to take into account a complementary evaluation that allows obtaining a complete linguistic profile as a starting point for the intervention.
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Schwertel, J., and B. Schinke. "Automated Evaluation of Material Parameters of Viscoplastic Constitutive Equations." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2806805.
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A method will be presented that allows for a special class of viscoplastic constitutive models a fast and safe determination of the material parameters. All parameters are determined simultaneously from creep, tensile, and strain-controlled cyclic tests. It is not necessary to solve the model differential system numerically; approximations allow for almost all of these loading cases an analytical integration with sufficient precision. The procedure for the solving of the model differential equations as well as the fit procedure will be described. The computer time for the parameter evaluation lies in the range of only some minutes even for a large number of experimental data. Results of fits for the material AISI 316L at 700°C will be presented for the viscoplastic models of Robinson, Chaboche and Walker. In addition to the fits, the models are subjected to a statistical investigation which makes evident their structures with respect to the convergence behaviour of the fit procedure and the sensitivity of the models to parameter variations.
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Damasceno, Benito Pereira. "Normal pressure hydrocephalus: Diagnostic and predictive evaluation." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 3, no. 1 (March 2009): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn30100003.
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Abstract In typical cases, normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) manifests itself with the triad of gait disturbance, which begins first, followed by mental deterioration and urinary incontinence associated with ventriculomegaly (on CT or MRI) and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. These cases present minor diagnostic difficulties and are the most likely to improve after shunting. Problems arise when NPH shows atypical or incomplete clinical manifestations (25-50% of cases) or is mimicked by other diseases. In this scenario, other complementary tests have to be used, preferentially those that can best predict surgical outcome. Radionuclide cisternography, intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) and lumbar infusion tests can show CSF dynamics malfunction, but none are able to confirm whether the patient will benefit from surgery. The CSF tap test (CSF-TT) is the only procedure that can temporarily simulate the effect of definitive shunt. Since the one tap CSF-TT has low sensitivity, it cannot be used to exclude patients from surgery. In such cases, we have to resort to a repeated CSF-TT (RTT) or continuous lumbar external drainage (LED). The most reliable prediction would be achieved if RTT or LED proved positive, in addition to the occurrence of B-waves during more than 50% of ICP recording time. This review was based on a PubMed literature search from 1966 to date. It focuses on clinical presentation, neuroimaging, complementary prognostic tests, and differential diagnosis of NPH, particularly on the problem of selecting appropriate candidates for shunt.
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Strzała, Marek, Arkadiusz Stanula, Piotr Krężałek, Wojciech Rejdych, Jakub Karpiński, Marcin Maciejczyk, and Artur Radecki-Pawlik. "Specific and Holistic Predictors of Sprint Front Crawl Swimming Performance." Journal of Human Kinetics 78, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0058.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the impact of selected water- and dry-land predictors of 50-m front crawl performance among 27 male swimmers aged 19.3 ± 2.67 years. The following water tests were performed: front crawl tethered arm stroking in a water flume (flow velocity: 0.9 m·s–1) and leg tethered flutter kicking in a swimming pool. Anaerobic tests on dry land included arm cranking and a set of 10 countermovement jumps. The maximal and average forces generated by legs in tethered swimming (Fl max and Fl ave) turned out to be the strongest predictors of sprint swimming aptitude. These values were strongly correlated with total speed (Vtotal50) (r = 0.49, p < 0.05 and r = 0.54, p < 0.01, respectively), start, turn, and finishing speed (VSTF) (r = 0.60, p < 0.01 and r = 0.67, p < 0.01, respectively). The relationship of Fl max and Fl ave with surface speed (Vsurface) was moderate (r = 0.33, non-significant and r = 0.41, p < 0.05, respectively). The maximal force generated by arms (Fa max) during flume tethered swimming significantly influenced Vsurface and Vtotal50 (0.51, p < 0.01 and 0.47, p < 0.05, respectively). Its relationship with VSTF was close to significant (0.36, p = 0.07). Upper and lower limb dry-land tests showed lower and more holistic relationships with the 50-m front crawl race, however, being a good complement to overall fitness assessment. Specific in-water evaluation, especially the newly prepared flutter kicking test, as well as dry-land tests, can be applied to regularly monitor progress in swimming training, and to identify talented swimmers.
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Hidalgo-Montesinos, M. Dolores, and Juana Gómez-Benito. "Test Purification and the Evaluation of Differential Item Functioning with Multinomial Logistic Regression." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 19, no. 1 (March 2003): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.19.1.1.
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Summary We conducted a computer simulation study to determine the effect of using an iterative or noniterative multinomial logistic regression analysis (MLR) to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in polytomous items. A simple iteration in which ability is defined as total observed score in the test is compared with a two-step MLR in which the ability was purified by eliminating the DIF items. Data were generated to simulate several biased tests. The factors manipulated were: DIF effect size (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5), percentage of DIF items in the test (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%), DIF type (uniform and nonuniform) and sample size (500, 1000 and 2000). Item scores were generated using the graded response model. The MLR procedures were consistently able to detect both uniform and nonuniform DIF. When the two-step MLR procedure was used, the false-positive rate (the proportion of non-DIF items that were detected as DIF) decreased and the correct identification rate increased slightly. The purification process results in an improvement in the correct detection rate only in uniform DIF, large sample size, and large amount of DIF conditions. For nonuniform DIF there is no difference between the MLR-WP and MLR-TP procedures.
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Colonia-Willner, Regina. "Investing in Practical Intelligence: Ageing and Cognitive Efficiency among Executives." International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, no. 3 (September 1999): 591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502599383711.
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This paper has two objectives. (1) To review in part empirical evidence obtained in a recent study on practical intelligence in bank managers (Colonia-Willner, 1998). (2) To discuss the implications of these findings for the study of practical intelligence, expertise, and compensatory abilities. The first goal of the initial study was to determine whether managerial practical intelligence is preserved in older bank managers whereas differences in psychometric measures of reasoning are associated with age. The second was to verify whether practical intelligence measures better predict managerial job performance than traditional psychometric tests. Two hundred bank managers (43 experts and 157 nonexperts) participated in the initial study. Increased age appeared to be associated with lower performance in the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (Raven’s) and the Verbal Reasoning subtest of the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), but less so with the Tacit Knowledge Inventory for Managers (TKIM). Although scoring lower on psychometric reasoning measures, the best performing older managers, on average, exhibited high levels of tacit knowledge, an instantiation of practical knowledge acquired in situations where information is not openly expressed. TKIM predicted managerial skill; DAT and Raven’s did not. These findings suggest: (1) that stabilisation of some aspects of intelligence may occur in old age; and (2) that domain-specific knowledge may contribute to compensation for age-related losses in functioning.
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Lozovskaya, Marina Eduardovna, Vyacheslav Valeryevich Belushkov, Olga Petrovna Gurina, Yelena Borisovna Vasilyeva, and Lyudmila Vladimirovna Klochkova. "Comparative evaluation of innovative diagnostic tests for latent and active TВ infection in children." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped5346-50.
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The results of three new tests based on antigens CFP-10 аnd ESAT-6 were studied in 50 children: intradermal Diaskintest and tests in vitro QUANTIFERON and Tubinferon. Diaskintest and Tubinferon are developed and produced in the Russian Federation. QUANTIFERON test is performed by Cellestis (Australia). 20 children had active TB, 22 children had latent TB infection, and 8 were not infected by M. tuberculosis. It has been established that while the frequency of coincidence of the results is high (66 %), in some situations, tests may react differently and give additional information when used together in difficult diagnostic cases. In vitro tests were more sensitive compared with Diaskinintest in immunopathological conditions. Tubinferon test had higher sensitivity in latent TB infection (40.9 %) compared to Diaskintest (22.7 %) and QUANTIFERON test (31,8 %), but lower sensitivity in developed tuberculosis - 60, 80 and 85 % respectively. All three tests are more informative in TB disease than in latent TB infection. An important advantage of the Tubinferon test is the ability to evaluate in vitro postvaccinal allergy, due to presence of the sample with the tuberculin. This can be used in the differential diagnostic between tuberculosis and generalized BCG infection, including children with HIV. Mantoux test may be more effective then Diaskintest in children who was not vaccinated with BCG. Tubinferon test system deserves wide clinical application, further study and development.
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Santos, I. C. A. B. A., F. M. Eler, D. S. S. Nunes, and P. Couto. "EVALUATION OF CAPILLARY END EFFECT IN WATER-OIL PERMEABILITY TESTS USING MULTIPLE FLOW RATES TECHNIQUE." Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas 14, no. 04 (January 7, 2021): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2020-0019.
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Relative permeability curves obtained in laboratory are used in reservoir simulators to predict production and establish the best strategies for an oil field. Therefore, researchers study several procedures to obtain relative permeability curves. Among these procedures are the multiple flow rates injection methods. Thus, this work proposes to develop an experimental procedure with multiple increasing flows. To make this feasible, simulations were initially carried out at CYDAR, aiming to establish flow rates and time necessary to achieve system stabilization, within the limits of the equipment. After that, tests were carried out establishing the minimum time of 5 hours to stabilize the oil production, and the differential pressure at each flow rate. The accounting and minimization of the capillary end effect in these tests were also evaluated. Capillary pressure constraints contributed to minimize the number of possible solutions to the optimization problem improving the fit of solutions for a specific case.
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Kurnik, K., C. Bidlingmaier, and M. Olivieri. "Coagulation testing in the evaluation of suspected child abuse." Hämostaseologie 29, no. 02 (2009): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1617017.
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SummaryEvery year in Germany nearly 3000 cases of child abuse were reported. When children are presented at emergency units with suspicious injuries and bruises a detailed documentation an evaluation is necessary after emergency treatment. As differential diagnosis inherited or acquired bleeding disorders should be excluded. In addition to a detailed evaluation of personal and family history and a physical evaluation different coagulation test to exclude defects of primary and secondary hemostasis should be performed. Clinician must know the limitations of these tests and keep in mind that an abnormal coagulation test does not exclude child abuse. Coagulation defects may be the consequence of child abuse and neglect or the two conditions may coexist.
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Shabarov, Alexander B., Alexander M. Moiseev, Mikhail S. Belov, and Andrey A. Achimov. "INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE TEST BENCH FOR DRIVING GAS TURBINE ENGINES." Tyumen State University Herald. Physical and Mathematical Modeling. Oil, Gas, Energy 6, no. 4 (2020): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7978-2020-6-4-28-47.
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This article studies the problem of determining the technical condition of drive and energetic gas turbine engines (GTE) during acceptance tests that have been repaired at a specialized enterprise. The following descriptions are given: of the bench for testing drive and energetic gas turbine engines; of the bench systems for monitoring and measurement, methods for conducting acceptance tests; of the evaluation the quality of the repaired engine based on its thermogasdynamics parameters; of the processing of measurement results obtained during acceptance tests. The materials of the system of differential (subassembly) diagnostics of GTE are generalized. The authors have considered the features of diagnostics of transient modes of GTE. The authors suggest the transition from the engine node to its elements as one of the ways to further improve the differential diagnostics, which has required developing the technique and system of pressure and temperature measurement at inlet and outlet of stage axial compressor. An algorithm for differential (element-by-element) engine diagnostics is described using the example of an axial compressor stage.
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Motley, Travis A., and Clint L. Vanlandingham. "Protein C Deficiency." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 95, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 491–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0950491.
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We describe the management of a patient who presented to a family-practice clinic with gangrenous digits. After a thorough evaluation, she was found to have protein C deficiency, which produced a hypercoagulable state. Differential diagnosis in the evaluation of the coagulopathic patient with appropriate hematologic tests is briefly discussed. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(5): 491–493, 2005)