Relevant bibliographies by topics / Differentiable stacks

Academic literature on the topic 'Differentiable stacks'

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Published: 21 July 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Differentiable stacks"

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Bursztyn, Henrique, Francesco Noseda, and Chenchang Zhu. "Principal Actions of Stacky Lie Groupoids." International Mathematics Research Notices 2020, no. 16 (July 5, 2018): 5055–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rny142.

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Abstract Stacky Lie groupoids are generalizations of Lie groupoids in which the “space of arrows” of the groupoid is a differentiable stack. In this paper, we consider actions of stacky Lie groupoids on differentiable stacks and their associated quotients. We provide a characterization of principal actions of stacky Lie groupoids, that is, actions whose quotients are again differentiable stacks in such a way that the projection onto the quotient is a principal bundle. As an application, we extend the notion of Morita equivalence of Lie groupoids to the realm of stacky Lie groupoids, providing examples that naturally arise from non-integrable Lie algebroids.
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Crainic, Marius, and João Nuno Mestre. "Measures on differentiable stacks." Journal of Noncommutative Geometry 13, no. 4 (January 20, 2020): 1235–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/jncg/362.

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Behrend, Kai, and Ping Xu. "Differentiable stacks and gerbes." Journal of Symplectic Geometry 9, no. 3 (2011): 285–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/jsg.2011.v9.n3.a2.

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Barbosa-Torres, Luis Alejandro, and Frank Neumann. "Equivariant cohomology for differentiable stacks." Journal of Geometry and Physics 160 (February 2021): 103974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2020.103974.

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Cabrera, Alejandro, Matias del Hoyo, and Enrique Pujals. "Discrete dynamics and differentiable stacks." Revista Matemática Iberoamericana 36, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/rmi/1194.

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del Hoyo, Matias, and Rui Loja Fernandes. "Riemannian metrics on differentiable stacks." Mathematische Zeitschrift 292, no. 1-2 (October 25, 2018): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00209-018-2154-6.

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TU, J., P. XU, and C. LAURENTGENGOUX. "Twisted K-theory of differentiable stacks." Annales Scientifiques de l’École Normale Supérieure 37, no. 6 (November 2004): 841–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ansens.2004.10.002.

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Trentinaglia, Giorgio, and Chenchang Zhu. "Strictification of étale stacky Lie groups." Compositio Mathematica 148, no. 3 (November 30, 2011): 807–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x11007020.

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AbstractWe define stacky Lie groups to be group objects in the 2-category of differentiable stacks. We show that every connected and étale stacky Lie group is equivalent to a crossed module of the form (Γ,G) where Γ is the fundamental group of the given stacky Lie group and G is the connected and simply connected Lie group integrating the Lie algebra of the stacky group. Our result is closely related to a strictification result of Baez and Lauda.
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Behrend, Kai, and Ping Xu. "S1-bundles and gerbes over differentiable stacks." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 336, no. 2 (January 2003): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-073x(02)00025-0.

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Rouse, Paulo Carrillo, and Bai-Ling. "Geometric Baum-Connes assembly map for twisted Differentiable Stacks." Annales scientifiques de l'École normale supérieure 49, no. 2 (2016): 277–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.24033/asens.2283.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Differentiable stacks"

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Waldron, James. "Lie algebroids over differentiable stacks." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7818/.

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We develop a theory of Lie algebroids over differentiable stacks that extends the standard theory of Lie algebroids over manifolds. In particular we show that Lie algebroids satisfy descent for submersions, define the category of Lie algebroids over a differentiable stack, construct a cohomology theory for these objects, and explain the relation to the theory of LA-groupoids. We construct a number of examples.
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Stefani, Davide. "Representations up to homotopy and perfect complexes over differentiable stacks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS687.

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Cette thèse concerne l’étude de la géométrie des champs dans le contexte de la géométrie différentiable, utilisant les outils de la théorie de l’homotopie et des catégories supérieures. Ces techniques deviennent nécessaires pour traiter des généralisation aux champs d’objets géométriques fondamentales, tels que les fibrés tangent et cotangent, les formes sur un champs, leurs automorphismes et plus en général les complexes parfaits, qui sont un des objets principaux dans ce travail. Dans la première partie de cette thèse nous faisons une récapitulation des champs différentiables supérieurs, leur homotopie et cohomologie. Dans la deuxième partie nous étudions les représentations à homotopie près des groupoïdes de Lie et nous les relions avec une théorie des complexes parfaits sur les champs différentiables. Parmi nos résultat, nous montrons que une représentation à homotopie près d’un groupoïde de Lie est exactement un module cohésive sur la dg-algèbre des fonctions lisses et que les dg-catégories correspondants sont Morita invariantes. Ça nous permets de donner une définition de dg-catégorie des complexes parfaits sur un champ différentiable. De plus nous construisons un 2-groupoide de Lie des automorphismes des complexes des fibrés vectoriels de longueur 2, qui est un analogue supérieur du champs classifiant BGL_n. Nous concluons avec une définition du 2-champs différentiable des complexes parfaits de amplitude [0,1] par le biais d’une présentation par un 2-groupoide de Lie
This thesis is concerned with the geometry of stacks in the differential geometry context using homotopical and higher categorical techniques. These techniques becomes necessary to deal with simple stack generalizations of crucial objects such as tangent and cotangent bundles, forms on a stack, their automorphisms and more generally perfect complexes, which are one of the main object of study of this work. In the first part of this thesis we give an overview of higher and differentiable stacks, their homotopy theory and cohomology theories. In the second part we study one representation up to homotopy of Lie groupoids and rely them with a theory of perfect complex over differentiable stacks. Among our results, we show that a representation up to homotopy on a Lie groupoid is the same as a cohesive module on its dg-algebra of smooth functions and that the correspondent dg-categories are Morita invariant. This allows us to give a definition of dg-category of perfect complexes on a differentiable stack. We moreover construct a Lie 2-groupoid of automorphisms of 2-terms complexes of vector bundles, which is a higher analogue of the classifying stack BGL_n. We conclude by giving a definition of the differentiable 2-stack of perfect complexes of amplitude [0,1] by means of a Lie 2-groupoid presenting it
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Stachl, Clemens [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Bühner. "Differential human factors in user data / Clemens Stachl ; Betreuer: Markus Bühner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1127528084/34.

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Stachl, Clemens Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bühner. "Differential human factors in user data / Clemens Stachl ; Betreuer: Markus Bühner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-205171.

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Mir, Noreen. "Differential expression analysis during pre-neoplastic stages of azoxymethane (AOM) induced colon carcinogenesis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq58832.pdf.

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Anjorin, Idayatou. "HIGH-STAKES TESTS FOR STUDENTS WITH SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITIES: DISABILITY-BASED DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1967913321&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009.
"Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education." Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-126). Also available online.
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Staack, Karsten [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Garbe. "Image Analysis of Microfluidic Flows Using Partial Differential Equations / Karsten Staack ; Betreuer: Christoph Garbe." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177809516/34.

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Vivekananda-Schmidt, Pirashanthie. "Differential effects of simulated visual impairment on locomotion and eye-movements in the built environment." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369950.

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Block, Carolin. "Differential proteomic analysis of isolated glomeruli from two murine nephropathy models at early stages of glomerulosclerosis." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-90585.

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Block, Carolin. "Differential proteomic analysis of isolated glomeruli from two murine nephropathy models at early stages of glomerulosclerosis." kostenfrei, 2007. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9058/.

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Books on the topic "Differentiable stacks"

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France, Société mathématique de, and Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), eds. String topology for stacks. Paris: Société mathématique de France, 2012.

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G, Crandell Michael, Rabinowitz Paul H, Turner Robert E. L, and University of Wisconsin--Madison. Mathematics Research Center., eds. Directions in partial differential equations. Boston: Academic Press, 1987.

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Boutte, Magee, ed. How the best teachers differentiate instruction. Larchmont, NY: Eye on Education, 2010.

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author, Chacko Asha T., Rajeev V. author, and Arun Kumar, V. S., author, eds. Morbidity in Kerala: Levels, determinants and differentials. New Delhi, India: Serials Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2018.

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Mathers, Colin. Health differentials among young Australian adults. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 1996.

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Mathers, Colin. Health differentials among adult Australians aged 25-64 years. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1994.

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Husin, Lubis Syarif, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Dept. of Community Health., and Lembaga Perancang Keluarga Berencana, eds. Survey on morbidity and mortality differentials: Malaysia. [Kuala Lumpur]: Dept. of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1987.

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Secretariat, Commonwealth, ed. Alternative special and differential arrangements for small economies. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2002.

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Richard, Klein, and National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), eds. Health status indicators: Differentials by race and Hispanic origin. [Hyattsville, Md.] (6525 Belcrest Rd., Hyattsville 20782): U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, 1995.

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Mahgoub, Youssef M. Regional urban-rural differentials of the educational impact on fertility in Egypt. Cairo: Cairo Demographic Centre, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Differentiable stacks"

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Toulouse, Sophie. "Differential Approximation of the Multiple Stacks TSP." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 404–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32147-4_36.

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Alsulami, Samirah, Hellen Colman, and Frank Neumann. "The Lusternik-Schnirelmann Category for a Differentiable Stack." In Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46310-0_1.

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Dworetzky, Barbara A., and Edward B. Bromfield. "Differential Diagnosis of Status Epilepticus." In Status Epilepticus, 33–54. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-945-1:033.

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Kodaira, K. "35. On a differential-geometric method in the theory of analytic stacks." In Kunihiko Kodaira: Collected Works, Volume II, 671–76. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400869862-005.

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Karp, Richard M. "Random graphs, random walks, differential equations and the probabilistic analysis of algorithms." In STACS 98, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0028543.

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Huang, Weiqing, Xifu Chen, and Jianhui Zhang. "A New Linear Motor with Two Piezoelectric Stacks Based on Differential Friction Effects." In Mechanisms and Machine Science, 1133–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09918-7_101.

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Berceanu, Stefan. "Coherent States and Global Differential Geometry." In Quantization, Coherent States, and Complex Structures, 131–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1060-8_15.

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Gross, Christian. "Differential Forms on the Skyrmion Bundle." In Quantization, Coherent States, and Complex Structures, 63–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1060-8_7.

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Wirth, Benjamin, Tizian Schwind, Marco Friedmann, and Jürgen Fleischer. "Automated Stack Singulation for Technical Textiles Using Sensor Supervised Low Pressure Suction Grippers." In Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2022, 329–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10071-0_27.

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AbstractAutomated handling of technical textiles poses major challenges on modern handling systems. Previous research has shown that using suction grippers is feasible for handling processes involving textiles. However, separating individual sheets of air-permeable materials from a stack using such grippers is a nontrivial task. This paper details an automated stack singulation process using low pressure suction grippers leveraging online data from differential pressure sensors to control the singulation process. Subsystems are analyzed to derive a governing model representation of the process. This model is deployed on a robotic test rig validating the process in experimental analysis. Using this approach, a controlled singulation process for stacked carbon fiber mats has been achieved with a success rate exceeding 99% showing the practicality of controlling the internal suction pressure for advanced handling processes using low pressure suction grippers. Further improvement could be achievable by incorporating and fusing multiple sensor principles.
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Levi, Decio, Miguel A. Rodríguez, and Zora Thomova. "Construction of Partial Differential Equations with Conditional Symmetries." In Integrability, Supersymmetry and Coherent States, 375–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20087-9_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Differentiable stacks"

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Wang, Jiyuan, Qian Zhang, Guoqing Harry Xu, and Miryung Kim. "QDiff: Differential Testing of Quantum Software Stacks." In 2021 36th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ase51524.2021.9678792.

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Ge, D., X. Guo, L. Zhang, S. Liu, and J. Fan. "Linear Deformation Rate Derivation from Multi-baseline Differential Interferogram Stacks." In 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.196.

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Choi, Hoon, Yong-Sheen Hwang, Dae-Young Lee, Seo Young Kim, and Suk-Won Cha. "Effect of Cathode Gasket Thickness to Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65067.

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This study considers the performance effect about a variation of the gasket thickness at the cathode side of the DMFC’s (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell) stack. Stack performance is largely influenced by the compressed thickness of GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer). The compressed thickness of GDL is directly controlled by gasket thickness. When GDL is not compressed enough, the ohmic loss is increased. Additionally, the differential pressure is decreased, because the channel of the separator is not blocked by GDL. On the contrary, being compressed extremely, GDL or MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) is physically damaged. The differential pressure is increased as well. In this respect, the optimization of the gasket thickness is one of the important factors to maximize the stack performance. In this study, the unit cell stacks with respect to changing gasket thickness at the cathode side are made in order to verify the effect about the compressed thickness of GDL. It is shown how the optimal gasket thickness may be achieved at the cathode side.
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Barros, T., R. Krummenauer, R. Lopes, and H. Chauris. "Pre-stack Data Recovery through Common Offset CRS Stack with Differential Evolution." In 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2016. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201601322.

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Farrow, Kenny T., Jaideep Karmakar, and Kannan Subramanian. "Performance-Based Assessment of a Guyed Incinerator Stack Using Field Measurements." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21294.

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Abstract ASME STS-1 provides guidelines for the design, fabrication, and erection of steel stacks, however there are no specific guidelines for the assessment of guyed steel stacks already in service. For example, drift (i.e., displacement) acceptance criteria are only provided for initial installation. Furthermore, existing literature regarding the proper re-tensioning of guy wires is scarce or nonexistent. This procedure is particularly important for stacks that experience significant thermal growth. This effect is further exacerbated by differential wind cooling effects on both the guy wires and on the stack itself. This paper investigates the effect of guy wire spacing, position, tension pattern, and operating and shutdown tension settings on the structural response of a guyed steel stack. Field thermography readings, ultrasonic testing (UT) thickness data, guy wire tension measurements, and laser scans are used to refine a finite element model of the stack. Using elastic-plastic nonlinear “pushover” analyses based on API 579 – 1 Level 3 fitness-for-service methodology and FEMA 356 rehabilitation guidelines, a performance-based methodology resulting in a “watch circle” approach for lateral displacement is provided to guide fitness-for-service assessments and mitigation implementation. Example application of this methodology and recommendations regarding guy wire tensioning are provided for an incinerator stack with 9 guy wires (3 levels – 3 guy wire configuration).
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Pashmineh, Sara, and Dirk Killat. "Design of a high-voltage differential amplifier based on stacked low-voltage standard CMOS with different input stages." In 2015 38th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mipro.2015.7160237.

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Martins, Everson, Matheus A. Alejandro, and Thais V. Fogaca. "Differential mixer with NMOS/PMOS stack at switching stage." In 2012 25th Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbcci.2012.6344440.

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Li, Ying, Xin Wang, and Jibo Wei. "Multiple Symbol Differential Stack Algorithm for Unitary Space-Frequency Modulation." In 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2007.4557646.

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Fang, Yulin, Zijian Shao, Ziyang Zheng, and Yue Ping Zhang. "Differential Stacked Reduced Surface-Wave Microstrip Patch Antenna." In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf35879.2020.9330328.

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Weijie Cheng, Baolong Zhou, Huarong Zheng, and Yeonbae Chung. "Stack-transistor based differential 8T SRAM cell for embedded memory applications." In 2012 IEEE International Conference of Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2012.6482890.

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Reports on the topic "Differentiable stacks"

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Marston, Richard. Determinants of Shrt-Term Real Interest Differentials Between Japan and the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4167.

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Cordella, Tito, and Andrew Powell. Preferred and Non-Preferred Creditors. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003109.

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International financial institutions (IFIs) generally enjoy preferred creditors treatment (PCT). Although PCT rarely appears in legal contracts, when sovereigns restructure bilateral or commercial debts, they normally pay IFIs in full. This paper presents a model where a creditor, such as an IFI, that can commit to lend limited amounts at the risk-free rate and can refrain from lending into arrears is always repaid and adds value. The analysis suggests that IFIs and market lenders can both enhance welfare, even if banning commercial borrowing can sometimes be optimal. To maintain their status, preferred lenders should offer low cost financing in volumes that are consistent with countries' incentives to repay even in bad states. This suggests such lenders should not differentiate lending interest rates according to risk and should not participate in the restructuring of commercial debt.
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Angelow, Andrey, and Dimitar Trifonov. • Schrödinger Minimum Uncertainty States of EM-Field in Nonstationary Media with Negative Differential Conductivity. GIQ, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/giq-14-2013-37-47.

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Bloom, David, and Gilles Grenier. Language, Employment and Earnings in the United States: Spanish-English Differentials from 1970 to 1990. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4584.

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Kaneda, Toshiko, Zachary Zimmer, and Zhe Tang. Differentials in life expectancy and active life expectancy by socioeconomic status among older adults in Beijing. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1019.

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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham Halevy. Signal Transduction Pathway of Hormonal Action in Control and Regulation of the Gravitropic Response of Cut Flowering Stems during Storage and Transport. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695838.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms operating during the gravitropic response of cut flowers, for solving their bending problem without affecting flower quality. Thus, several elements operating at the 3 levels o the gravity-induced signal transduction pathway, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon stems according to the following research goals: 1) Signaling: characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the gravitropic response, regarding the involvement of [Ca2+]cyt as a mediator of IAA movement and sensitivity to auxin. 2) Transduction by plant hormones: a) Examine the involvement of auxin in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to: possible participation of auxin binding protein (ABP), auxin redistribution, auxin mechanism of action (activation of H+-ATPase) mediation by changes in [Ca2+]cyt and possible regulation of auxin-induced Ca2+ action b: calmodulin-activated or Ca2+-activated protein kinases (PK). b) Examine the involvement of ethylene in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to auxin-induced ethylene production and sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. 3) Response: examine the effect of gravistimulation on invertase (associated with growth and elongation) activity and invertase gene expression. 4) Commercial practice: develop practical and simple treatments to prevent bending of cut flowers grown for export. Revisions: 1) Model systems: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), 3 other model shoe systems, consisting of oat (Avena sativa) pulvini, Ornithogalun 'Nova' cut flowers and Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence, were targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for shoot gravitropism. 2 Research topics: the involvement of ABP, auxin action, PK and invertase in the gravitropic response of snapdragon stems could not be demonstrated. Alternatively, the involvement in the gravity signaling cascade of several other physiological mediators apart of [Ca2+]cyt such as: IP3, protein phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton, was shown. Additional topics introduced: starch statolith reorientation, differential expression of early auxin responsive genes, and differential shoot growth. Background to the topic: The gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots occurring upon their horizontal placement during shipment exhibits a major horticultural problem. In spite of extensive studies in various aboveground organs, the gravitropic response was hardly investigated in flowering shoots. Being a complex multistep process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel, analysis of the negative gravitropic response of shoot includes investigation of signal transduction elements and various regulatory physiological mediators. Major achievements: 1) A correlative role for starch statoliths as gravireceptors in flowering shoot was initially established. 2) Differentially phosphorylated proteins and IP3 levels across the oat shoe pulvini, as well as a differential appearance of 2 early auxin-responsive genes in snapdragon stems were all detected within 5-30 minutes following gravistimulation. 3) Unlike in roots, involvement of actin cytoskeleton in early events of the gravitropic response of snapdragon shoots was established. 4) An asymmetric IAA distribution, followed by an asymmetric ethylene production across snapdragon stems was found following gravistimulation. 5) The gravity-induced differential growth in shoots of snapdragon was derived from initial shrinkage of the upper stem side and a subsequent elongation o the lower stem side. 6) Shoot bending could be successfully inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists (that serve as a basis for practical treatments), kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and actin-cytoskeleton modulators. All these agents did not affect vertical growth. The essential characterization of these key events and their sequence led us to the conclusion that blocking gravity perception may be the most powerful means to inhibit bending without hampering shoot and flower growth after harvest. Implications, scientific and agriculture: The innovative results of this project have provided some new insight in the basic understanding of gravitropism in flower stalks, that partially filled the gap in our knowledge, and established useful means for its control. Additionally, our analysis has advanced the understanding of important and fundamental physiological processes involved, thereby leading to new ideas for agriculture. Gravitropism has an important impact on agriculture, particularly for controlling the bending of various important agricultural products with economic value. So far, no safe control of the undesired bending problem of flower stalks has been established. Our results show for the first time that shoot bending of cut flowers can be inhibited without adverse effects by controlling the gravity perception step with Ca2+ antagonists and cytoskeleton modulators. Such a practical benefit resulting from this project is of great economic value for the floriculture industry.
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7

Leach, Roland M., Mark Pines, Carol V. Gay, and Shmuel Hurwitz. In vivo and in vitro Chondrocyte Metabolism in Relationship to the Developemnt of Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Broiler Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568090.bard.

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Skeletal deformities are a significant financial and welfare problem for the world poultry industry. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is the most prevalent skeletal abnormality found in young broilers, turkeys and ducks. Tibial dyschondroplasia results from a perturbation of the sequence of events in the epiphyseal growth plate, the tissue responsible for longitudinal bone growth. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that TD was the result of a failure of growth plate chondrocytes to differentiate and express the chemotactic molecules required for cartilage vascularization. In this investigation in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques were used to study chondrocyte gene products associated with cartilage maturation and vascularization such as osteopontin, osteonectin, type X collagen, and alkaline phosphatase. All markers were present in the growth plate tissue anter or to the TD lesion but were greatly diminished in the TD lesion. Thus, rather than not acquiring the markers for hypertrophy, it appears that the growth plate chondrocytes reach a certain stage of hypertrophy and then de-differentiate into cells which resemble chondrocytes in the prehypertrophic zone. Similar patterns were observed in all TD tissues examined whether the lesions were spontaneous or induced by dietary treatments or genetic selection. The decrease in gene expression can at least be partially explained by the fact that many of the dysplastic chondrocytes show classic signs of apoptosis. These results provide an explanation for the observation that a variety of genes show reduced expression in the TD lesion when examined by in situ hybridization. This would suggest that future research should focus on the earliest detectable stages in the development of TD and examine endocrine and autocrine factors which cause chondrocytes to de-differentiate and undergo premature apoptosis.
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8

Ma, Yunxing, Julia Brettschneider, and Joanna Collingwood. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid and tau levels in patients progressing from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0020.

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Review question / Objective: Reported levels of amyloid-beta and tau in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are evaluated to discover if these biochemical markers can predict the transition from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A systematic review and quantitative meta-analyses are performed to test relationships between three potential biomarkers in CSF (Aβ(1-42), T-tau, and P-tau181) and the evolution of AD in longitudinal evaluations of levels relative to baseline, using prior-published experimental data. The primary focus of the analysis is on the period describing the transition of a patient from MCI to AD, where it is critical to discover the main biomarker characteristics that differentiate patient outcomes for those who have a stable form of MCI, and those who progress to a confirmed diagnosis of AD. A secondary purpose of the review was to examine the status of iron in CSF as a function of disease status.
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9

Rowe, Randall C., Jaacov Katan, Talma Katan, and Leah Tsror. Sub-Specific Populations of Verticillium dahliae and their Roles in Vascular Wilt Pathogsystems. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7574343.bard.

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Verticillium dahliae is an economically important pathogen causing vascular wilt on over 160 plant species. In North America, potato early dying is a significant disease of potato, especially in the midwest and Pacific northwest states. This disease is caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae and in some cases involves a synergistic interaction with root-lesion nematodes, primarily Pratylenchus penetrans. In Israel, Verticillium wilt occurs in many regions and inflicts serious losses in potato, cotton, and other crops. Objectives of this project were to establish a large collection of isolates of Verticillium dahliae from potato (USA) and several host plants (Israel) and to characterize and compare the isolates with regard to morphology, vegetative compatibility group (VCG), and pathogenic capabilities on several hosts. Isolations were made from 224 commercial lots of certified potato seed tubers from across N. America and 87 potato fields located in the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington. A large collection of isolates from central U.S. states already existed. In Israel, 47 field sites were sampled and isolates of Verticillium dahliae were recovered from 13 host plant species and from soil. Potato isolates from N. America were tested for vegetative compatibility and all found to be in VCG 4 with about 2/3 in VCG 4A and the rest in VCG 4B. VCG 4A isolates were significantly more aggressive on potato than VCG 4B isolates and were more likely to interact synergistically with P. penetrans. The Israeli isolates fell into three vegetative compatibility groups. Nearly all (> 90%) VCG2B and VCG 4B isolates were recovered from the northern and southern parts of Israel, respectively, with some overlap in central areas. Several pathotypes were defined in cotton, using cotton and eggplant together as differentials. All VCG 2B isolates from cotton caused severe disease in cotton, while VCG 2A and VCG 4B isolates from several crops were much less aggressive to cotton. When Israeli isolates of VCGs 2A, 2B and 4B were inoculated to potato and tomato, VCG 4B isolates caused much more severe disease on potato and VCG 2A isolates caused much more severe disease in tomato. Differential patterns of pathogenicity and aggressiveness of these VCGs on potato and tomato were consistent regardless of the host plant of origin. Isolates of the same VCG resembled one another more than isolates from different VCGs based on colony and microsclerotial morphology, temperature responses and, partially, in pathogenicity. Vegetative compatibility grouping of V. dahliae in Israel appears closely associated with specific pathogenicity and other phenotypic traits. The absence of VCG 4A in Israel is significant. VCG patterns among Verficillium populations are useful to predict relatedness and pathogenic potential in both countries.
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10

Engerman, Stanley, and Kenneth Sokoloff. Factor Endowments: Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth Among New World Economies: A View from Economic Historians of the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/h0066.

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