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Journal articles on the topic "- Different trains"
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Heisinger, Brent, and Steven Reich. "Different Trains." American Music 10, no. 1 (1992): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3052152.
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Adamu, A., J. Zhang, F. Gidado, and F. Wang. "An Investigation of Influence of Windshield Configuration and Train Length on High-Speed Train Aerodynamic Performance." Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/jafm.16.02.1433.
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The aerodynamic performance of four train models with different windshield configurations (i.e., internal and/or external) in three train marshalling modes (i.e., 3, 6 and 8-car groups) was numerically investigated in this study. The train's airflow characteristics at Re=2.25×106 were determined using the shear stress transport (SST) k- turbulence model. The results were validated by comparing the pressure distributions and drag forces on the streamlined heads with experimental data. The difference in windshield configuration and train length has a substantial influence on the train’s flow field and surface pressure distribution. For the trains with internal windshields, due to non-uniform geometry, the flow is separated and vortices are formed at the windshield area. The boundary layer profile increases with the increased train length, and its thickness varies with windshield configurations. Asymmetric vortices are formed in the wake at a distance close to the tail car’s nose, except for trains with external windshields. The reduction of the flow velocity as the train length increases causes a reduction of the low pressure near the tail car’s streamline transition, thus causing a decrease in the tail car’s drag and lift forces. Consequently, for trains with external windshields, the head car’s drag increases, whereas the total train drag reduces significantly as the train length increases. Therefore, employing external windshields in all the inter-carriage gap sections, irrespective of the train length, demonstrates a good ability to reduce future train’s aerodynamic drag.
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Fox, Christopher. "Steve Reich's ‘Different Trains’." Tempo, no. 172 (March 1990): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200061076.
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Steve Reich's Different Trains is a 27–minute work for string quartet and tape, written in 1988 to a commission from the Kronos Quartet. It has already enjoyed a wide circulation: the Kronos have toured it extensively (in Britain they premièred it in the Queen Elizabeth Hall, a performance that was recorded for a subsequent television broadcast) and recorded it for Nonesuch. Reich's reputation has never been confined to ‘serious’ new music circles and the combination of. his (so-called) ‘crossover’ credentials with those of the Kronos (and the pairing on record of Different Trains with Reich's Electric Counterpoint, written for the equally cultish Pat Metheny) is the stuff of record company executives' wilder dreams. If one assumes that the meaning of any musical work owes as much to the means of its production and dissemination as to the sounds themselves, then Different Trains is a contemporary cultural phenomenon whose significance is quite different from that of most new music and almost certainly unique amongst new works for string quartet. The present article is an attempt to explicate that significance, not so much through a note-to-note analysis of the music as through an analysis of the ideas the music articulates.
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Prokhorchenko, Andrii, Dmytro Gurin, Iryna Lahuta, and Viktoriia Sunytska. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCEDURE FOR SEARCHING RATIONAL TIME RESERVES FOR RECOVERY OF TRAIN MOVEMENT OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES." Collected scientific works of Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 193 (October 5, 2021): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.193.2020.229812.
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This article improves the procedure for finding rational time reserves for theresumption of trains of different categories depending on the number of detained trains on the basisof the epidemiological SIR-model. A modified epidemiological SIR-model has been implemented forthe experimental railway line, which allows to take into account the interaction of trains of differentpriorities in the train schedule and the possibility of resumption of delayed trains due to the set timereserve. The adjustment of the delay rate transfer coefficients on the real data of train delays at theline has been performed. The solution of the system of differential equations of the SIR-model isproposed to be performed by the numerical Runge-Kutta method of the 4th order. Experimentalstudies of the impact of passenger train delays on the reliability of the regulatory schedule havebeen conducted. Experimental studies of the impact of passenger train delays on the reliability ofthe regulatory schedule have been conducted. The dependences of the number of detained trains ofdifferent categories on the change in the amount of time reserve for the resumption of trains ofdifferent categories are obtained. Rational time reserves for passenger, suburban and freight trainshave been established. These results were expertly assessed and confirm the adequacy of theobtained decisions in the practice of developing a regulatory schedule of trains at JSCUkrzaliznytsia. The application of the proposed approach will automate the complex process offinding rational values of compensation time in the threads of trains of different categories on therailway line and, as a consequence, increase the level of reliability of the regulatory train schedule.
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Peng, Sairong, Xin Yang, Hongwei Wang, Hairong Dong, Bin Ning, Haichuan Tang, Zhipeng Ying, and Ruijun Tang. "Dispatching High-Speed Rail Trains via Utilizing the Reverse Direction Track: Adaptive Rescheduling Strategies and Application." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 19, 2019): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082351.
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This paper studies the train rescheduling problem on high-speed railway corridor in the situation where contingencies occur and lead to sudden deceleration of some trains. First, we develop an adaptive rescheduling strategy (AR-S) which allows normal trains to use reverse direction track to overtake front decelerating trains based on delay comparison under different path choices. Second, the traditional rescheduling strategy (TR-S) which does not allow any trains to switch tracks is mentioned as a sharp contrast to AR-S. Furthermore, a performance evaluation criterion is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the train rescheduling approaches. Finally, numerical experiments carried out on Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway show that AR-S can reduce the total delay of trains up to 24% in comparison with TR-S.
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Niu, Ji-qiang, Xi-feng Liang, Dan Zhou, and Yue-ming Wang. "Numerical investigation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a train subjected to different ground conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 10 (April 27, 2018): 2371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718770345.
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Due to the rapid development of high-speed railways and the increasing speed of trains, the aerodynamic phenomenon caused by moving trains could be affected. Therefore, the scaled model test has been widely used to simulate the aerodynamic performance of the stationary train in wind tunnel. However, it is difficult to disregard the influence of the ground effect on the aerodynamic performance of trains. In this study, the delayed detached eddy simulation based on the shear stress transport κ–ω turbulence model is used to investigate the aerodynamic performance of trains on three ground conditions (stationary floor + stationary ballast, stationary ground + stationary ballast, and stationary ballast). The numerical method used in this paper is verified by a wind tunnel test. The way the three ground conditions influence the flow field around the train is also analyzed. The results show that the ground condition affects the thickness of the ballast boundary layers without a train, thickness of the train boundary layers, train drag, distribution of pressure and velocity along the train, and the size of the wake region; however, the ground condition had a little effect on the flow structures around the train tail. These findings can help in designing the wind tunnel experiment.
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Shao, Jing Jing, Lei Shan Zhou, Zi Xi Bai, and Yong Feng Shang. "Determination of the Minimum Departure Interval between Trains with same High-Speed at the Relatively Initial Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 1737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1737.
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Chinese high-speed railway is in a boom and making train diagram with high-density trains to relieve capacity intense and improve operational efficiency has become the research focus. Different kinds of station intervals between adjacent trains are the basis for the train diagram. According to the situation in which trains with different speed run on the same line and the proportion of high-speed trains is much larger than that of middle-speed trains, this paper raises principles and methods to determine the minimum departure interval between trains with same speed at the relatively initial station. The minimum departure interval between trains with same speed at the relatively initial station is a necessary and sufficient condition for making train diagram since there is no overtaking between same-speed trains.
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Qiao, Rui Jun, Xiao Ning Zhu, and Wei Yan. "Optimized Utilization of Station Arrival and Departure Tracks for Passenger Dedicated Lines." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2450.
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For running trains according to timetable, it is very important to arrange appropriate arrival and departure tracks to trains transacted by passenger dedicated line station. Builds optimized model of arrival and departure track utilization, the optimization objective is maximizing the sum of weights of trains using tracks, and having the most balanced utilization schedule. For constraints, it is different from existing railway station that the two turnaround trains share the same train-set must be arranged to the same arrival and departure track, and this paper considers the constraint seriously. Taking Beijing South Railway Station inter-city yard as an instance, use the method put forward in this paper to calculate the arrival and departure track utilization schedule. Compared with existing schedule, the result calculated makes the arrival and departure track utilization more balanced.
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Mathias, James, and Dal Hyung Kim. "Cost-Effective, Time-Efficient Passenger Rail System for the Eastern United States." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (July 8, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4364162.
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A program was developed using a genetic algorithm and automated lookup features to design an efficient passenger rail system for the eastern-half of the United States connecting large cities, metropolitan populations greater than two million, with overnight rail service. The results of the program predicted a passenger starting at the farthest point of the system boards the train at 16:02 on average and arrives at a different point of the system at 07:57 on average the following day, assuming the train travels an average speed of 70 mph. The design used actual distances by train track where possible. The system was modeled with six trains that meet at a hub and exchange passengers and continue on to their destination. The optimal solution had a total one-way minimum distance of 4334 km (2693 miles). Assuming the same ridership that currently exists on a popular train route, ticket prices would average $62 (USD) for a one-way ticket. For this system to be feasible, the government would need to own or lease one set of tracks for all the routes determined, build a hub for passengers to transfer trains near Charleston, WV, and ensure the trains are unimpeded by other trains. Installing tracks that go around cities that the trains do not stop at would be a great benefit also. With advances in communication, GPS, and train control technology, this article points out the benefits of publically available tracks to form a transportation network similar to that found in road, air, and water traffic.
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Gao, Guoqiang, Tingting Zhang, Wenfu Wei, Yi Hu, Guangning Wu, and Ning Zhou. "A pantograph arcing model for electrified railways with different speeds." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 6 (December 20, 2017): 1731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409717747754.
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Pantograph arcing is an unavoidable phenomenon in electrified railways, which not only causes damage to the carbon strip and the catenary contact line but also results in voltage surge and electromagnetic interference. In recent years, there are more cases of pantograph arcing due to the increase in speed of trains. Therefore, it is essential to understand the basic electrical characteristics of pantograph arcing at different running speeds of trains. In this work, a pantograph arcing model was proposed, which considers the effects of the speed of a train on the arc-dissipated power. An overall electrical model, concerning the traction power system and the traction drive system, was further established. The results indicated that the running speed of trains significantly influenced the arcing voltage, duration of arcing, and the zero-crossing time. A qualitative relation between the average power of the arc and the speed of the train was also presented. Finally, field tests were carried out, and comparisons between the field testing data and the calculated results were made, which validate the accuracy of the developed model.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "- Different trains"
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Venkatasalam, Nachiyappan. "Crosswind assessment of trains on different ground configurations." Thesis, KTH, Järnvägsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129712.
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Cross wind analysis is one of the important safety measures for rail vehicle certification. The objective of this study is to identify which vehicle certification ground setup, true flat ground (TFG) or single track ballast and rail (STBR) represents a more realistic ground setup with atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) wind inlet and also to represent an embankment scenario. A streamlined high speed train ICE3 and a conventional Regional train are taken for the analysis to represent both categories. CFD is used as a tool for calculations. The best practice recommended by the AeroTRAIN project is used for the CFD approach. The analysis is done for various configurations including STBR, TFG, embankments, ground roughness, moving ground, non-moving ground, block profile inlet, ABL inlet, model scale and full scale setups. The Regional train shows higher roll moment coefficient about lee rail (Cmx,lee) compared to the ICE3 train, whereas the ICE3 train has a higher lift force coefficient than the Regional train. STBR setup shows a higher force and moment coefficient compared to TFG. The STBR setup represents the more realistic setup of moving rough ground with ABL wind inlet and also the realistic embankment scenario.
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Barton, Thomas. "Music place and the creation of cultural memory: A study of Benjamin Brittten's War Requiem, John Adams' On the Transmigration of Souls and Steve Reich's Different Trains." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537504.
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Antunes, Adeline. "Le transport intraflagellaire : construction et déplacement des trains dans le flagelle du trypanosome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS080.
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Les cils et flagelles sont constitués d’un cylindre de neuf doublets de microtubules périphériques appelé axonème. Ils contiennent au moins 500 protéines et leur construction s’effectue essentiellement par addition de nouvelles sous-unités à l’extrémité distale. Les composants du flagelle y sont acheminés par le transport intraflagellaire (IFT), le déplacement de « trains » formés de deux complexes de protéines, entre la membrane flagellaire et les doublets de microtubules par des moteurs moléculaires de type kinésine et dynéine. Mon projet de thèse s’articule autour du rôle et du fonctionnement de l’IFT en utilisant comme modèle d’étude le protiste Trypanosoma brucei. Les objectifs de ma thèse étaient (i) de déterminer comment les trains IFT sont assemblés en établissant le lien entre leur composition moléculaire et leur structure et (ii) d’établir le trajet emprunté par les trains IFT au sein de l’organite. En combinant des approches de microscopie photonique et de microscopie électronique après ciblage par ARNi de gènes encodant des protéines constituants les trains IFT, nous avons mis en évidence leur contribution à la construction des trains IFT et la régulation de leur longueur. Nous proposons un nouveau modèle pour expliquer la formation des trains et leur entrée dans le compartiment flagellaire. Par microscopie électronique tridimensionnelle (FIB-SEM), nous avons démontré qu’après leur assemblage, les trains IFT sont localisés au niveau de seulement 4 doublets de microtubules sur les 9 disponibles. Ces résultats ont été obtenus à la fois in vitro et ex vivo sur des parasites se développant chez la mouche tsé-tsé. La comparaison des résultats avec la littérature met en exergue la flexibilité du transport en fonction de l’anatomie des cils et flagellesCilia and flagella are essential organelles composed of 9 doublet microtubules. They contain at least 500 proteins and their construction is mainly done by adding new subunits at the distal end. They are transported byIntraflagellar transport (IFT), the movement of trains composedof two protein complexes between the flagellar membrane and the microtubule doublets by driven by molecular kinesin and dynein motors. My thesis project is based on the role and functioning of IFT using the protistTrypanosoma brucei as a model organism. The goal of my thesis project was (i) to determine how IFT trains are assembled by establishing the link between their molecular composition and their structure and (ii) to establish the route taken by IFT trains within the flagella. By combining light microscopy and electron microscopy approaches after RNAi targeting of genes coding for IFT train components, we have demonstrated their contribution to the construction of IFT trains. We propose a new model to explain train formation and their entry in the flagellum. By three-dimensional electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), we have also shown where IFT trains are located. Trains are specifically found on 4 microtubule doublets out of the 9 available. These results have been obtained bothin vitro and ex vivousing parasites developing in the tsetse fly.Comparison of the results with the literature highlights the flexibility of transport depending on the anatomy of cilia and flagella
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Sundman, Ann-Sofie. "Personality in piglets : Is there a difference in personality traits between pigs from different teat order positions?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69596.
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The objective of this study was to determine whether piglets from different positions in the teat order differ inpersonality. Teat order is established within the first days after birth and from that time, piglets basically suckle fromthe same teat pair until weaning. Three piglets from each of 21 litters (n = 63) were chosen for their place in teatorder; one from anterior teats (A), one from middle teats (B), and one from rear teats (C). The piglets were observedduring suckling, undisturbed behaviour, a novel object test and a straw test. A total of 13 behaviours were registered.A significant difference (P < 0.05) between A, B and C piglets was found in the frequency of disputes duringsuckling, where B piglets were most involved in disputes and C piglets least involved, and a tendency (P < 0.1) wasfound in frequency of undisturbed playing and exploration. A piglets played and explored most, and C piglets least.Four interesting components were found with principal component analysis, explaining 62.4 % of the total variation.These represent personality traits tentatively named exploration, playfulness, food interest and straw interest. Therewere no significant differences in personality type between A, B and C piglets although a tendency that A pigletswere most playful and C piglets were least playful was found. Hence, this study suggests that there might be acorrelation between teat order position and personality.
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Webb, Kimberly Renee. "Efficacy of different educational methods for a high school prenatal substance use prevention and nutrition program." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0331104-090807/unrestricted/WebbK041504F.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0331104-090807. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Baum, Oliver. "HSOH an elusive species with many different traits." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991202996/04.
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Alves, Fábio Rui Lima. "Traits of benthic assemblages subjected to different trawling pressure." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12618.
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Mestrado em Biologia MarinhaOver time, fishing techniques improved as a response to the needs of Human populations. Alongside with the increase of fishing activities important changes in the marine ecosystems were also observed (e.g. overexploitation of stocks and habitat loss or degradation). Overfishing, bycatch, discards and ghost-fishing are some of the most discussed impacts of fishing activities, but the effect of bottom trawling should not be underestimated, since it has been proven to have a significant impact of benthic communities. Up to now the knowledge about fisheries impact on deep-sea benthic macrofaunal assemblages is scarce in Europe and, for all we know, even more in Portuguese fishery grounds. However, assessing fisheries impacts on marine ecosystems and ensuring fisheries sustainability is essential to achieve proper management of the sector and for the conservation of marine resources. In this context, the present study was carried out aiming to investigate the impact of continued trawling on benthic macrofaunal assemblages from deep muddy grounds of the burrowing crustacean Nephropsnorvegicus (Norway lobster) by comparing towed and untowed stations regarding their biodiversity, density, biomass, trophic structure, life style and body size spectra. Seven stations were studied along a transect of a highly Fished zone (Area 1, Stations 1 and 2), a Non-fished zone (Area 2, Stations 3, 4 and 5) and another Fished zone (Area 3, stations 6 and 7) during a cruise carried out in September 2012 onboard the RV Garcia del Cid (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas) in the framework of the project IMPACT (Universidade do Algarve). In general Fished zones showed decreased heterogeneity and although the results of the multivariate analysis support a significant difference between Fished and Non-fished areas the comparisons of the biodiversity (number of families, H’, EF(n)), density and biomass in Fished and Non-fished zones are inconclusive, inconsistent or even contradict most of the literature predictions. When the trophic structure and life style spectra of the assemblages are compared the decreased heterogeneity of the Fished zones is confirmed but other patterns emerge such as the higher relative contribution of free living organisms, especially meiofaunal predators, grazers and browsers in Fished zones in contrast with the higher relative contribution of tubiculous animals in Non-fished zones, the dominance of deposit feeders over detritus feeders in Fished areas and the presence of large suspension feeders in Non-fished zones. The interpretation of the observed taxonomic and trophic structure of the assemblages is complex and must take into account sources of variability introduced by unwanted alterations of the sampling strategy and habitat heterogeneities in the study area. Overall this study constitutes a good asset for the knowledge of bottom trawling impact on macrofaunal assemblages from deep-sea habitats. It is at this point impossible to estimate the impact of 60 years of bottom trawling and regular monitoring studies are desirable. Some methodological issues arose which can be used as recommendations for future assessments of trawling impacts and monitoring of seafloor integrity: selection of adequate control area(s) must consider habitat heterogeneity, selection of the sampling gear must consider the possible selectivity of smaller samplers; the number of replicates per stations should be sufficiently large to ensure representativeness of biodiversity, abundance and biomass assessment and significance of the comparative tests; and finally, trophic structure, life style and body size spectra showed to be good indicators of change and therefore they should become a more common tool on the assessment of trawling impact.
Ao longo do tempo, as artes de pesca têm vindo a evoluir como resposta às crescentes necessidades da população Humana. Ao mesmo tempo que a indústria pesqueira tem vindo a crescer têm-se vindo a observar importantes mudanças nos ecossistemas marinhos (ex. sobreexploração de recursos pesqueiros e perda ou degradação da biodiversidade). A sobre-pesca, pesca de espécies acessórias, rejeições e pesca fantasma são os impactos causados pelas pescas que geram maior preocupação, mas o efeito devastador de pesca de arrasto no fundo oceânico não deve ser subestimado, devido ao seu reconhecido impacto nas comunidades bentónicas. Até aos dias de hoje o conhecimento acerca do impacto em comunidades bentónicas de mar profundo é escasso na Europa e ainda menor em fundos oceânicos Portugueses. Contudo, a avaliação dos impactos da indústria pesqueira em fundos marinhos e nos seus ecossistemas é essencial para obter uma gestão apropriada do setor e para um uso mais sustentável dos recursos biológicos. Neste contexto, este estudo tem como objectivo avaliar o impacto da contínua pressão das pescas de arrasto em comunidades de macrofauna bentónica em fundos lamosos de mar profundo nos habitats do crustáceo Nephrops norvegicus (Lagostim), através da comparação de fundos impactados com fundos nãoimpactados, considerando a análise da biodiversidade, densidade, biomassa, estrutura trófica, espectro de tamanhos e modos de vida. Foram estudadas sete estações ao longo de um transeto, das quais, as primeiras duas estações (estações 1 e 2, área 1) correspondem a uma zona impactada, as seguintes três estações a uma zona não sujeita a pesca de arrasto (estações 3, 4 e 5, área 2,) e, por fim, duas estações (estações 6 e 7, área 3) novamente sujeitas a pressões de pesca de arrasto. A expedição oceanográfica foi realizada em Setembro de 2012 a bordo do navio RV Garcia del Cid (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas) inserido no projecto IMPACT (Universidade do Algarve). De um modo geral, as zonas pescadas mostram uma menor heterogeneidade e embora os resultados da análise multivariada suportem uma diferença significante entre zonas pescadas e não-pescadas, as comparações de biodiversidade (número de familias, H’, EF(n)), densidade e biomassa) em zonas pescadas e não-pescadas são inconclusivas, inconsistentes e por vezes contraditórias quando comparadas com a literatura. Quando a estrutura trófica e o estilo de vida das comunidades são comparados, a pequena heterogeneidade nas zonas pescadas é confirmada, mas outros factores emergem, como a contribuição de animais de mobilidade livre, especialmente predadores de meiofauna e raspadores em zonas pescadas, em contraste com a alta contribuição de animais tubículos em zonas não-pescadas, a dominância de detritívoros que se alimentam de matéria orgânica associada ao sedimento sobre detritívoros que se alimentam de matéria orgânica particulada, em zonas pescadas e a presença de grandes suspensívoros em zonas não-pescadas. A interpretação dos resultados taxonómicos e da estrutura trófica é complexa e deve ter em conta variações introduzidas por alterações não esperadas na estratégia de amostragem e diferenças de habitat das zonas estudadas. No geral, este estudo contribui para o conhecimento do impacto de pescas de arrasto em comunidades de macrofauna bentónica de ambientes marinhos profundos. Nestas condições é dificil avaliar quais os efeitos de 60 anos de pressões de pesca de arrasto e futuros estudos são desejáveis. Surgiram alguns problemas metodológicos, o que pode servir como recomendações para futuros estudos de impactos de pesca de arrasto e monitorização da integridade dos fundos oceânicos: uma boa selecção de áreas controlo deve ser considerada; a seleção de tipos de amostradores deve ter em conta a selectividade de amostradores menores; o número de réplicas por estação deve ser suficiente para garantir representatividade da biodiversidade, abundância e biomassa, e a significância de testes comparativos; e por fim, estrutura trófica, espetro de tamanhos e modo de vida mostraram ser bons indicadores de diferenças entre as duas zonas, logo deveriam ser usados mais regularmente na avaliação de impactos de pesca de arrasto.
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Backe, Daniel, and Johan Dankvardt. "Can Psychopathic Traits Predict Different Roles in Bullying: Perpetration or Victimization." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-65445.
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Bullying and being a victim of bullying have serious consequences for adolescents. Why do adolescents bully others and why do some become victims, could it be because of their personalities or maybe even problematic personality traits. In the current study, we will investigate if psychopathy or if any of the dimensions of psychopathy separately, can predict engagement in bullying or being a victim of bullying. The data that is used in this study is taken from a community sample from 7th through 8th grade. The results in this study show that psychopathy as an entirety and the interpersonal and behavioral dimension of psychopathy do in fact predict some levels of engagement in bullying, while the affective dimension did not. Psychopathy and the different dimensions did not significantly predict becoming a victim of bullying. In conclusion, traits like impulsivity and grandiosity can to some extent predict engagement in bullying, however psychopathy nor the dimension do not predict being a victim of bullying.Att mobba andra eller att falla offer för mobbning har allvarliga konsekvenser. Hur kommer det sig att vissa tonåringar mobbar andra och att andra blir offer; kan det möjligtvis vara på grund av personlighetsdrag eller mer problematiska personlighetsdrag. I denna studie kommer vi undersöka om psykopati i sin helhet eller någon av psykopatins dimensioner separat kan förutse att man mobbar andra eller att bli mobbad. De data som har använts i denna studie är från en stor datainsamling med ett urval bestående av ungdomar i sjunde och åttonde klass. Resultaten från denna studie visar att de två dimensionerna interpersonella och beteende till viss del kunde förutse att mobba andra. Psykopati eller någon av dess dimensioner kunde dock inte signifikant predicera att man blev mobbad. Sammanfattningsvis så visar studien att psykopatiska personlighetsdrag som att vara impulsiv och grandios till viss del kan predicera att mobba andra men inte predicera att man blir ett offer för mobbning.
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Burger, Niel. "Flammability traits of fynbos species with different post-fire regeneration strategies." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24398.
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Wild fire is an important disturbance regime that shape global biome distributions and maintain the structure, function and biological diversity of plant communities in fire-prone environments. Physical, chemical and architectural properties are known to affect plant flammability, but few studies explore how these traits contribute to fire properties at the individual level and how flammability is influence by regeneration strategy. The flammability and traits that contribute to it is investigated in 15 co-occurring fynbos and forest species with burning experiments performed at Bain's Kloof Pass, Western Cape of South Africa. Eight species are characterised by fire-stimulated (mostly seeders) and seven by non-fire-stimulated recruitment (mostly resprouters). Results across all species are consistent with other studies which indicate that the proportion of dead and fine fuel is significant predictors of flammability. Significantly higher flame temperatures and values for % fuel burned were recorded for FSR's relative to NFSR's and these differences are attributed to significant differences in % fuel dead, fuel bed porosity and packing ratio. This is consistent with the hypothesis that flammability is most like to be selected for in fire-stimulated recruiters (first colonisers after fire) where a combination of increased flammability and recurrent success enhance their fitness in the fire-prone environment. This study indicates that cultivation of the highly flammable species E. rhinocerotis, Stoebe sp., M. muricata, Erica sp. and P. amplexicaulus on urban fringes should avoided to reduce fire-risk and thus increase human safety.
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Ahmad, Husain Abdulrahman. "Dynamic Braking Control for Accurate Train Braking Distance Estimation under Different Operating Conditions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19322.
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The application of Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) for train dynamic braking is investigated in order to control dynamic braking forces while remaining within the allowable adhesion and coupler forces. This control method can accurately determine the train braking distance. One of the critical factors in Positive Train Control (PTC) is accurately estimating train braking distance under different operating conditions. Accurate estimation of the braking distance will allow trains to be spaced closer together, with reasonable confidence that they will stop without causing a collision. This study develops a dynamic model of a train consist based on a multibody formulation of railcars, trucks (bogies), and suspensions. The study includes the derivation of the mathematical model and the results of a numerical study in Matlab. A three-railcar model is used for performing a parametric study to evaluate how various elements will affect the train stopping distance from an initial speed. Parameters that can be varied in the model include initial train speed, railcar weight, wheel-rail interface condition, and dynamic braking force. Other parameters included in the model are aerodynamic drag forces and air brake forces. An MRAC system is developed to control the amount of current through traction motors under various wheel/rail adhesion conditions while braking. Minimizing the braking distance of a train requires the dynamic braking forces to be maximized within the available wheel/rail adhesion. Excessively large dynamic braking can cause wheel lockup that can damage the wheels and rail. Excessive braking forces can also cause large buff loads at the couplers. For DC traction motors, an MRAC system is used to control the current supplied to the traction motors. This motor current is directly proportional to the dynamic braking force. In addition, the MRAC system is also used to control the train speed by controlling the synchronous speed of the AC traction motors. The goal of both control systems for DC and AC traction motors is to apply maximum available dynamic braking while avoiding wheel lockup and high coupler forces. The results of the study indicate that the MRAC system significantly improves braking distance while maintaining better wheel/rail adhesion and coupler dynamics during braking. Furthermore, according to this study, the braking distance can be accurately estimated when MRAC is used. The robustness of the MRAC system with respect to different parameters is investigated, and the results show an acceptable robust response behavior.
Ph. D.
Books on the topic "- Different trains"
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Reich, Steve. Different trains. London: Boosey & Hawkes, 1988.
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Urban, Uve. Different trains: Eine Komposition von Steve Reich : Informationen und Materialien für den Unterricht. Altenmedingen [Germany]: Hildegard-Junker-Verlag, 1997.
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Snicket, Lemony. Why is this night different from all other nights? United Kingdom: Egmont Books Ltd., 2015.
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Permit trading in different applications. London: Routledge, 2011.
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Nordic elite sport: Same ambitions, different tracks. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 2012.
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Trans-X-U-All: The Naked Difference. London: Extraordinary People Press, 1997.
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author, Sheringham Olivia 1981, ed. Encountering difference: Diasporic traces, creolizing spaces. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2016.
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On different tracks: Designing railway regulation in Britain and Germany. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2002.
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Appenroth, Max Nicolai, and María do Mar Castro Varela, eds. Trans Health. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839450826.
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Around the world trans and gender diverse people are marginalized and discriminated against in medical, psychological, and nursing care. This anthology is the first to address the current situation of this population in various global healthcare settings. The perspectives from 11 different countries give insight into the difficult experiences of the trans and gender diverse community when seeking healthcare, and how self-organized community structures can help to overcome barriers to often inaccessible public healthcare systems. The majority of contributions are written from a lived trans and gender diverse perspective.
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Spilimbergo, Antonio. The welfare implications of trading blocs among countries with different endowments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "- Different trains"
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Frosh, Stephen. "Different Trains: An Essay in Memorialising." In Studies in the Psychosocial, 175–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14853-9_7.
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Kaynia, Amir M. "High-Speed Trains with Different Tracks on Layered Ground and Measures to Increase Critical Speed." In Latest Developments in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 133–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1468-2_6.
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Peng, Yang, Chaoxian Wu, and Shaofeng Lu. "Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Fuel-Cell Hybrid Trains with Different Types of Energy Storage Devices." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT) 2021, 417–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9909-2_46.
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Auersch, Lutz. "Predicted and Measured Amplitude-Speed Relations of Railway Ground Vibrations at Four German Sites with Different Test Trains." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 411–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70289-2_43.
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Li, Chaowei, Yu Chen, Suming Xie, Xiaofeng Li, Yigang Wang, and Yang Gao. "Evaluation on Aerodynamic Noise of High Speed Trains with Different Streamlined Heads by LES/FW-H/APE Method." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 57–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70289-2_3.
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Wong, Shiu-Fai. "“Different Traits Design” Comparisons." In Environmental Technology Development in Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies, 49–61. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780312376185_3.
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Sandercock, Tom. "Embodying Difference." In Youth Fiction and Trans Representation, 150–70. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003225966-9.
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Senthooran, Ilankaikone, Mark Wallace, and Leslie De Koninck. "Freight Train Threading with Different Algorithms." In Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming, 393–409. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18008-3_27.
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Pfeiffer, Verbra. "Trans-/Multilingual Language in Different Contexts." In Teaching English Language Variation in the Global Classroom, 102–10. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003124665-13.
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Chawla, Devika, and Amardo Rodriguez. "New Imaginations of Difference." In Liminal Traces, 113–23. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-591-8_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "- Different trains"
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Wang, Yeteng, and Zhenxu Sun. "Influence of the Topological Structures of the Nose of High-Speed Maglev Train on Aerodynamic Performances." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65711.
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Abstract In the past few years, considerable attention has been paid to high-speed maglev train in the field of rail transit. The design speed of the high-speed maglev train is 600km/h, which is significantly higher than that of the high-speed train. With the increase in operating speed, high-speed maglev trains have higher requirements for aerodynamic shape. Superior performance, the beautiful aerodynamic shape is an important direction for the development of high-speed maglev trains. Based on the Vehicle Modeling Function (VMF) method, the current research has developed a parametric shape design method suitable for the aerodynamic shape of the maglev train’s nose. This method can obtain different topological structures of the high-speed maglev train’s nose. The current research uses this method to generate four maglev train noses with large appearance differences and uses these train noses to construct four simplified high-speed maglev models. Then this study numerically analyzes the flow fields of different train models and compares the differences in aerodynamic performance including aerodynamic drag, aerodynamic lift and wake characteristics. The Q-criterion is used to study the vortex structure and mechanism of different train wake regions, and the vortex propagation process is studied by turbulence kinetic energy (TKE). Studying the difference in the aerodynamic force of different topological shapes will help to improve the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev trains.
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Sogin, Samuel L., Christopher P. L. Barkan, Yung-Cheng Lai, and Mohd Rapik Saat. "Impact of Passenger Trains in Double Track Networks." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74135.
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North American freight railroads are expected to experience increasing capacity constraints across their networks. To help plan for this increased traffic, railroads use simulation software to analyze the benefits of capacity expansion projects. Simultaneous operation of heterogeneous traffic further increases delay relative to additional homogenous traffic. Additional passenger trains can cause more delays to freight trains than additional freight trains. Rail Traffic Controller (RTC) was used to run simulations with varying mixes of unit freight and passenger trains operating at various speeds on a double track configuration. Basic assumptions on the relative difference in priority between train types lead to drastically different results on the impact of adding higher priority trains. This assumption dictates whether the track in the opposing direction should be used for overtake maneuvers. Also, higher speed differentials between train types can result in higher delays as faster trains catch up to slower trains more quickly. These analyses will help planners improve their understanding of the tradeoff in capacity due to operation of different types of trains at different priorities and speeds.
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Thomet, Michel A. "Powering the Trains." In ASME 2012 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2012-9414.
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Electric trains exhibit some of the highest performance among all surface modes of transportation in terms of speed, acceleration, control precision and reliability. This is so because of the very large amount of power that can be delivered to each train by means of a third rail or an overhead wire. Also, like all rail vehicles, trains have a very small friction/drag to overcome, even at high speed. To make this high performance possible, the train power distribution system has to be designed so that it can be highly reliable and deliver the power to the trains even when some of the systems components are out or are degraded. Because of the complexity of the power distribution system, a simulation approach is generally followed to model the trains operating in different modes and headways under different component failure scenarios. This process is illustrated using a real life project, namely the Dulles Corridor Metrorail project. A Bechtel proprietary simulation program is used to model the new rail line. A series of failure scenarios is investigated and the impact on train operations is evaluated. The purpose of this exercise was to verify that the systems components have been properly sized and specified.
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Kong, Rui, Xiaoqin Lv, and Xiaoru Wang. "Low-Frequency Oscillation Analysis of Train-Network System with Different Types of Trains Connected." In 2021 IEEE 16th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea51954.2021.9516148.
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Gao Dawei, Jin Zhenhua, and Lu Qingchun. "Performance comparison of different fuel cell vehicle power trains." In 2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vppc.2008.4677439.
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Zarembski, Allan M., James Blaze, and Pradeep Patel. "Shared Corridors, Shared Interests." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56095.
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What are some of the practical obstacles to a “shared interests” between a freight railway business and the proposed new higher speed passenger entity? This paper discusses the real “tension” between the two business interests that fund freight trains versus those that support and fund higher speed passenger trains as they attempt to share the same tracks in a safe manner. There are fundamental laws of physics that have to be addressed as the two different sets of equipment are “accommodated” on a shared corridor. This may not always be an easy accommodation between the two commercial parties. One real tension between the two commercial interests involves the physical problem of accommodating two radically different train sets on areas of curved track. For one example, what will be the passenger train required future higher speeds and how will these speeds be accommodated in existing main line tracks with curves varying from 1% to 6% in degrees? How much super elevation will need to be put back into the heretofore freight train tracks? How will the resulting super elevation affect the operation of so called drag or high tonnage slow speed bulk cargo trains? Accommodating such differences in train set types, axle loadings, freight versus passenger train set speeds, requires making detailed choices at the engineering level. These may be shared interests, but they are also variables with far different outcomes by design for the two different business types. The freight railways have spent the last few decades “taking the super elevation out” because it is not needed for the modern and highly efficient freight trains. Now the requirements of the passenger trains may need for it to be replaced. What are the dynamics and fundamental engineering principles at work here? Grade crossings have a safety issue set of interests that likely require such things as “quad” gates and for the highest passenger train speeds even complete grade separation. Track accommodating very high speed passenger trains requires under federal regulations much closer physical property tolerances in gauge width, track alignment, and surface profile. This in turn increases the level of track inspection and track maintenance expenses versus the standard freight operations in a corridor. Fundamentally, how is this all going to be allocated to the two different commercial train users? What will be the equally shared cost and what are examples of the solely allocated costs when a corridor has such different train users? In summary, this paper provides a description of these shared issues and the fundamental trade-offs that the parties must agree upon related to overall track design, track geometry, track curvature, super elevation options, allowed speeds in curves, more robust protection at grade crossings, and the manner in which these changes from the freight only corridors are to be allocated given the resulting much higher track maintenance costs of these to be shared assets.
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Zhengwei Chen, Tanghong Liu, Xisai Zhou, and Xinchao Su. "Aerodynamic analysis of trains with different streamlined lengths of heads." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation (ICIRT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icirt.2016.7588758.
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Ahmad, Husain, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Train Braking Distance Estimation Under Different Operating Conditions." In ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67009.
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One of the critical factors in Positive Train Control (PTC) is accurately estimating the train braking distance under different conditions. Accurate estimation of the braking distance will allow the trains to be spaced closer together, with reasonable confidence that they will stop without causing a collision. This study will develop a dynamic model of a train consist that includes three railcars for performing a parametric study to evaluate how various elements will affect the train stopping distance, from an initial speed. Parameters that can be varied in the model include, initial train speed, railcar weight, wheel-rail interface condition, and dynamic braking force. Other parameters are included in the model such as aerodynamic drag forces and air brake forces. The model is based on a multibody formulation of the railcars, trucks (bogies), and suspensions. The paper will include the derivation of the mathematical model and the results of a numerical study in Matlab. The results indicate that the railcars’ weight and initial speed play a significant role in the stopping distance and the time required to stop the train. Our future work will include using this model for closed-loop control of the dynamic braking forces, such that the train braking distance and time to stop can be minimized, under various wheel-rail dynamic conditions.
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Cantone, Luciano. "Application of UIC 421 procedure to Freight Trains fitted with a Distribute Power System." In EuroBrake 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/1225127eb2021-ibc-011.
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Within the Innovative Programme 5 (IP5) of Shift 2 Rail (S2R) initiative (“Moving European Railway Forward”), The Open Call Project, Marathon2Operation (M2O), has cooperated with the FR8RAIL II Project to demonstrate the feasibility of freight trains equipped with Distributed Power System (DPS), using wireless communication to control the Traction Units (TUs). At this aim, the TrainDy software has been used as computational tool for Longitudinal Train Dynamics (LTD) and the Leaflet UIC 421 was applied as methodology in order to compare simulation results. The TrainDy software is considered the state-of-the-art tool for LTD computation by major European Railway Undertakings and the Leaflet UIC 421 provides a statistical methodology to accept new or modified operational scenarios for freight trains, which are beyond current regulations in terms of hauled mass and/or train length. The basic idea of UIC 421 is the “relative approach”, even if it does not discard the “absolute approach”. In short, the “relative approach” considers a train acceptable for regular operation if the risk level of the train is lower than the risk level of trains already in service; “the absolute approach” considers a train acceptable for regular operation if in-train forces are lower than (reliably) computed or measured admissible in-train forces. Since the cooperation among M2O and FR8RAIL II was based on the “relative approach”, only this approach will be discussed in this paper. The computation of in-train forces is crucial for new train consists to avoid derailment or disruption.</p><p>The paper shows the application of the relative approach in a particular way: the same trains (randomly generated) are simulated with and without the DPS system, considering different train operations and assuming communication among the TUs successful or not. In this way, the effects on in-train forces of DPS and wireless communication are immediately emphasized.</p><p>This paper reports the comparison between experimental measurements and TrainDy simulations and a series of analyses performed to compare the LTD of reference train against DPS train on level track, but also on up/down hill. The interesting conclusion that comes from this study is that the comparison among the reference and DPS trains does not depend on the track gradient, but rather on the train operations. Of course, the track gradient, especially when it is as steep as the one considered in this analysis, has a considerable effect on in-train forces as well as the exact train configuration (i.e., the wagon order within the train). </p><p>This paper could be used as guideline for similar analyses about in-train forces of new types of trainsets, e.g., implementing a new technology as radio DPS.
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Shrestha, Pradhumna Lal, Michael Hempel, Jose Santos, and Hamid Sharif. "A Multi-Sensor Approach for Early Detection and Notification of Approaching Trains." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3729.
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Personnel safety is a cornerstone of railroad operations. However, various activities such as track maintenance and repair require workers to be physically present on or near railroad tracks that are potentially active. This creates a significant risk to the workers, especially at very high train speeds and in places where the geographical topography reduces direct line of sight. In fact, fatalities and injuries continue to be reported. A common approach to lessen this problem is to employ workers specifically to act as lookouts — to observe approaching trains and report them back to the work site. However, maintenance operations are often lengthy and it is common for the lookouts to lose concentration and thus the possibility arises that they fail to report incoming trains. Another possibility is the failure of the communication link between the observer and the workers. In an attempt to remove the human element and the associated risks, commercial vendors have developed automated systems to detect approaching trains and trigger alarms. However, the current commercial solutions available have several drawbacks. Firstly, deploying the available solutions requires procedures that are invasive and possibly destructive for the railroad tracks. They often involve digging underneath the tracks to install devices. This also requires significant installation effort and makes the solution often nonportable. This has serious operating concerns for the railroads since maintenance operations are temporary and installing permanent devices becomes inefficient. Also, since the solutions are not portable, deploying them on a large scale is not cost effective. Secondly, the solutions have limited sensing capabilities, employing only a single detection approach such as mechanical treadles, and do not provide comprehensive information about the trains being detected. For example, if the maintenance is occurring on parallel tracks, the sensors may fail to detect which of the tracks the train is currently operating on. Also, they cannot accurately capture all the characteristics of the approaching train, such as length, velocity, identifying signature, etc. And thirdly, they often have high false detection rates as they lack methods to differentiate the signature of a train from other events, such as drilling and heavy machinery operation. With the objective of addressing all these issues, we have proposed a multi-sensor based system that can integrate the abilities of the different sensors so as to reliably predict all the essential characteristics of a train. In this paper we present the architecture of our multi-sensory system. We also report our findings and analysis of evaluating our sensor systems on tracks at the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) in Pueblo, CO.
Reports on the topic "- Different trains"
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Shin, Su-Jeong Hwang, and Hyo Jung (Julie) Chang. Different Perceptions of the Elderly Women's Clothing Image Traits. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-356.
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Christopher, Thomas Woods. Radiation transport algorithms on trans-petaflops supercomputers of different architectures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/913222.
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Spilimbergo, Antonio, and Ernesto Stein. The Welfare Implications of Trading Blocs among Countries with Different Endowments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5472.
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Feaster, Daniel, Hemant Ishwaran, Min Lu, and Saad Sadiq. New Statistical Methods to Assess How Patients with Different Traits Respond to the Same Treatment. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/06.2020.me.140312907.
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Yu, Haichao, Haoxiang Li, Honghui Shi, Thomas S. Huang, and Gang Hua. Any-Precision Deep Neural Networks. Web of Open Science, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/ejai.v1i1.82.
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We present Any-Precision Deep Neural Networks (Any- Precision DNNs), which are trained with a new method that empowers learned DNNs to be flexible in any numerical precision during inference. The same model in runtime can be flexibly and directly set to different bit-width, by trun- cating the least significant bits, to support dynamic speed and accuracy trade-off. When all layers are set to low- bits, we show that the model achieved accuracy compara- ble to dedicated models trained at the same precision. This nice property facilitates flexible deployment of deep learn- ing models in real-world applications, where in practice trade-offs between model accuracy and runtime efficiency are often sought. Previous literature presents solutions to train models at each individual fixed efficiency/accuracy trade-off point. But how to produce a model flexible in runtime precision is largely unexplored. When the demand of efficiency/accuracy trade-off varies from time to time or even dynamically changes in runtime, it is infeasible to re-train models accordingly, and the storage budget may forbid keeping multiple models. Our proposed framework achieves this flexibility without performance degradation. More importantly, we demonstrate that this achievement is agnostic to model architectures. We experimentally validated our method with different deep network backbones (AlexNet-small, Resnet-20, Resnet-50) on different datasets (SVHN, Cifar-10, ImageNet) and observed consistent results.
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Avis, William. China’s Preferential Trading Schemes for Developing Countries. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.134.
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This literature review collates available evidence on China’s preferential trading schemes for developing countries. It draws on a diverse range of sources from multiple academic disciplines and grey literature. The review focuses explicitly on that literature that discusses preferential trade agreements as a specific form of free trade agreements. The review acknowledges that impacts are multidimensional and multifaceted and will be reflected differently across sectors and countries making conclusions hard to reach. One of the most important elements of many countries trade policy since the turn of the century has been the rapid growth of various forms of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). There are different definitions of PTAs, some include regional trade agreements as a form of PTA i.e. where a country gives preferential trade to your regional partners - this is not always true and WTO does not define RTAs as PTA. A preferential trade area established via a preferential trade agreement is a trading bloc that gives preferential access to certain products from participating countries. This is accomplished by reducing trade tariffs and is considered a first stage of economic integration.
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Paschen, Marius, Felix Meier, and Wilfried Rickels. Working paper on the numerical modelling framework to compare different accounting schemes. OceanNETs, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d1.1.
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Any integration of extra carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via terrestrial or marine sink enhancement into climate policies requires accounting for their effectiveness in reducing atmospheric carbon concentration and translating this information into the amount of carbon credits (to be used in official and voluntary emission trading schemes). Here, we assess accounting schemes in their appropriateness of assigning carbon credits. We discuss the role of temporary carbon storage and present the various ccounting methods for carbon credit assignment. We explain how we have implemented the methods numerically and analyse carbon assignments across the different accounting schemes, using stylized, model-based ocean sink enhancement experiments.
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Supakorn, China, Clay Lents, Joseph D. Stock, Jeffrey L. Vallet, Terry J. Prince, Christine E. Phllips, R. Dean Boyd, Ashley E. DeDecker, and Kenneth J. Stalder. Effect of Ad libitum Feeding of Gilt Developer Diets Differing in Standard Ileal Digestive Lysine Concentrations on Growth Traits. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-323.
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Fridman, Eyal, Jianming Yu, and Rivka Elbaum. Combining diversity within Sorghum bicolor for genomic and fine mapping of intra-allelic interactions underlying heterosis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597925.bard.
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Heterosis, the enigmatic phenomenon in which whole genome heterozygous hybrids demonstrate superior fitness compared to their homozygous parents, is the main cornerstone of modern crop plant breeding. One explanation for this non-additive inheritance of hybrids is interaction of alleles within the same locus. This proposal aims at screening, identifying and investigating heterosis trait loci (HTL) for different yield traits by implementing a novel integrated mapping approach in Sorghum bicolor as a model for other crop plants. Originally, the general goal of this research was to perform a genetic dissection of heterosis in a diallel built from a set of Sorghum bicolor inbred lines. This was conducted by implementing a novel computational algorithm which aims at associating between specific heterozygosity found among hybrids with heterotic variation for different agronomic traits. The initial goals of the research are: (i) Perform genotype by sequencing (GBS) of the founder lines (ii) To evaluate the heterotic variation found in the diallel by performing field trails and measurements in the field (iii) To perform QTL analysis for identifying heterotic trait loci (HTL) (iv) to validate candidate HTL by testing the quantitative mode of inheritance in F2 populations, and (v) To identify candidate HTL in NAM founder lines and fine map these loci by test-cross selected RIL derived from these founders. The genetic mapping was initially achieved with app. 100 SSR markers, and later the founder lines were genotyped by sequencing. In addition to the original proposed research we have added two additional populations that were utilized to further develop the HTL mapping approach; (1) A diallel of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that was tested for heterosis of doubling time, and (2) a recombinant inbred line population of Sorghum bicolor that allowed testing in the field and in more depth the contribution of heterosis to plant height, as well as to achieve novel simulation for predicting dominant and additive effects in tightly linked loci on pseudooverdominance. There are several conclusions relevant to crop plants in general and to sorghum breeding and biology in particular: (i) heterosis for reproductive (1), vegetative (2) and metabolic phenotypes is predominantly achieved via dominance complementation. (ii) most loci that seems to be inherited as overdominant are in fact achieving superior phenotype of the heterozygous due to linkage in repulsion, namely by pseudooverdominant mechanism. Our computer simulations show that such repulsion linkage could influence QTL detection and estimation of effect in segregating populations. (iii) A new height QTL (qHT7.1) was identified near the genomic region harboring the known auxin transporter Dw3 in sorghum, and its genetic dissection in RIL population demonstrated that it affects both the upper and lower parts of the plant, whereas Dw3 affects only the part below the flag leaf. (iv) HTL mapping for grain nitrogen content in sorghum grains has identified several candidate genes that regulate this trait, including several putative nitrate transporters and a transcription factor belonging to the no-apical meristem (NAC)-like large gene family. This activity was combined with another BARD-funded project in which several de-novo mutants in this gene were identified for functional analysis.
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Seroussi, Eyal, and George Liu. Genome-Wide Association Study of Copy Number Variation and QTL for Economic Traits in Holstein Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7593397.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Copy number variation (CNV) has been recently identified in human and other mammalian genomes and increasing awareness that CNV might be a major source for heritable variation in complex traits has emerged. Despite this, little has been published on CNVs in Holsteins. In order to fill this knowledge-gap, we proposed a genome-wide association study between quantitative trait loci (QTL) for economic traits and CNV in the Holstein cattle. The approved feasibility study was aimed at the genome-wide characterization of CNVs in Holstein cattle and at the demonstrating of their possible association with economic traits by performing the activities of preparation of DNA samples, Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), initial association study between CNVs and production traits and characterization of CNVSNP associations. For both countries, 40 genomic DNA samples of bulls representing the extreme sub-populations for economically important traits were CGH analyzed using the same reference genome on a NimbleGen tiling array. We designed this array based on the latest build of the bovine genome (UMD3) with average probe spacing of 1150 bases (total number of probes was 2,166,672). Two CNV gene clusters, PLA2G2D on BTA2 and KIAA1683 on BTA7 revealed significant association with milk percentage and cow fertility, respectively, and were chosen for further characterization and verification in a larger sample using other methodologies including sequencing, tag SNPs and real time PCR (qPCR). Comparison between these four methods indicated that there is under estimation of the number of CNV loci in Holstein cattle and their complexity. The variation in sequence between different copies seemed to affect their functionality and thus the hybridization based methods were less informative than the methods that are based on sequencing. We thus conclude that large scale sequencing effort complemented by array CGH should be considered to better detect and characterize CNVs in order to effectively employ them in marker-assisted selection.