Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Différenciationn'
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Joudat, Amina. "Conséquences de la mutation SPI1QE identifiée dans la macroglobulinémie de Waldenström sur la lymphopoïèse B." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASL127.
Full textThe SPI1 transcription factor, a member of the ETS family plays an essential role in hematopoiesis and in myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic differentiation. The team has described an activating, somatic and recurrent mutation of SPI1 (SPI1-QE), substituting glutamine (Q) with glutamic acid (E). The SPI1-QE mutation has been observed in approximatively 6% of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), a B-type lymphoproliferative syndrome. To investigate the functional properties of the mutant SPI1 protein in physiological conditions, we developed a mouse model that allows for the expression of SPI1QE from the endogenous Spi1 locus. Expression of the mutant protein was induced specifically in the B lymphoid lineage using CD19-Cre, CD21-Cre or Mb1-Cre transgenes or analyzed in constitutive mutant mice model. Analysis of splenic B development in the steady state revealed a significant increase in marginal zone (MZ) B cells and a decrease in follicular (F) B cells. Deregulation of terminal B differentiation was also observed in mutant mice, with an increase in plasma cell differentiation (CD138+) and a decrease in memory B cells (IgD- CD38+ GL7-). The consequences of the mutation in naive, MZ and F B cells and in cells undergoing terminal differentiation were studied. The mutant protein leads to chromatin decompaction and increased transcription of genes related to the cell cycle, cell activation and plasma cell differentiation. The mutant Spi1 is associated to an early increase in the expression of the plasma cell- specific transcription factor BLIMP1, as well as activation of pathways related to BCR signaling, MAPK, NF-κB and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) pathway, thus promoting further differentiation of mature B cells into plasma cells. Our findings highlight the positive impact of SPI1QE in the terminal maturation of B cells into plasma cells and the negative impact in the differentiation into memory B cells, processes that are disrupted in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. These results contribute to our understanding of the role of the SPI1 mutation in WM, particularly in cooperation with the pathognomonic MYD88 mutation
Mahenc, Philippe. "Différenciation horizontale en information incomplète." Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU10019.
Full textHigounenc, Isabelle. "Différenciation, lipides et fonction barrière." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114804.
Full textMorgaut, Marc-Edmond. "Une sociologie de la différenciation." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H013.
Full textStrick-Marchand, Hélène. "Étude de la différenciation hépatique : identification de cellules souches et des facteurs impliqués dans leur différenciation." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066345.
Full textLaurent, Reynald-Alexandre. "Choix probabiliste et différenciation par attributs." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00226419.
Full textJulien, Marion. "Phosphate et différenciation des cellules squelettiques." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT12VS.
Full textThis study was divided into two parts. The objectives of the main part were to better understand the role of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the differentiation of cells responsible for endochondral and membranous ossification, respectively the growth plate chondrocytes and the osteoblasts. The regulation of these ossification processes is related to phosphate metabolism. Deregulation of the phosphatemia can lead to rickets or vascular calcification respectively associated with hypo- or hyperphosphatemia. The role of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation remains largely unexplored. Using in vitro and ex vivo models (cell lines and primary cultures) we showed in a first part that Pi stimulates the matrix Gla protein (MGP) expression via ERK1/2 in skeletal cells. In addition, we showed that the Fra-1 transcription factor is involved in the intracellular mechanisms involved in the Pi-stimulated MGP expression in osteoblasts. Considering the role of MGP in the control of normal and ectopic mineralization, these data contribute to a better knowledge of the role of Pi in bone formation and homeostasis, which are disturbed in the case of phosphatemia deregulation. In the second part, we contributed to the characterization of two calcium phosphate biomaterials, a bioceramic and an ionic cement. Through these studies we explored two paths of research allowing a modulation of the mechanical and biological properties of calcium phosphate biomaterials. This work provided new insights in the management of calcium phosphate biomaterials (improvement of mechanical properties and bioactivity) as well as the design of innovative bone substitutes
Merville, Pierre-Gilles. "Différenciation plasmocytaire et micro-environnements tissulaires." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T205.
Full textGuillon, Claude. "La différenciation individuelle : processus et mécanismes." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1027/document.
Full textAn individual develops his life in a collective context, where he advances throughout his life and becomes different according to his family, his character, his meetings and influences. An individual existence which differentiates people also constitutes a collective living. There are many observable factors in a collectivity which can influence the building of this existence: sex, religion, family, brothers and sisters, physical appearance, schooling, incomes, politics or psychological state. An analysis can be done throughout three hundred biographies of the two last centuries personalities. Then, the opposite procedure will be developed to measure what collectiveness can add or substract to an individual in his own existence building. Variants that characterize a person are defined with precision, there are the basis of a theorical and general formulation. This study ends in the synthesis of four recent approaches: “fractal geometry”, sensitiveness to the initial conditions, reduction structural building and finally theory of catastrophes
Caron, Leslie. "Rôle de la voie ERK et du facteur de transcripion HMGA2 dans la différenciation des cellules souches embryonnaires de souris : établissement du système d'expression inductible Lacl-IPTG dans ces cellules." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4068.
Full textWe investigated the role of the HMGA2 transcription factor during mouse embryonic stem cells differentiation (ES cells). ES cells overexpressing either wild-type (HMGA2wt) or truncated (HMGA2/T) form of HMGA2 were analysed for their capacities to differentiate into a variety of lineage. Following differentiation, as opposed to control cells and HMGA2wt ES cells, overexpressing HMGA2/T ES cells massively formed contractile myotubes and highly expressed the muscle Myosin Heavy Chain marker. Interestingly, in experimental conditions inhibitory for myogenesis, we observed a strong expression of MyoD and myogenin in HMGA2/T cells. By contrast, commitment into adipocyte, neuron and cadiomyocyte lineages was not affected. Finally, teratocarcinomas induced by HMGA2/T ES cell lines presented numerous skeletal muscle-differentiated tissues that were not observed in wt HMGA2 or control tumors. Our results reveal a novel function of the oncogenic form of HMGA2 in skeletal muscle differentiation. Control of mammalian gene promoters by the bacterial LacI repressor provides inducible regulation and dose-response levels of expression by the lactose analog IPTG. We show that insertion of LacI binding sites in the b-actin promoter confers an efficient IPTG-regulatable expression of reporter genes in ES cells expressing LacI. We established ES cell lines stably expressing GFP under inducible control and found that this regulatable expression was maintained throughout the differentiation process. Importantly, GFP induction by IPTG was observed in individual well-differentiated cardiomyocytes and neurons. This inducible system will be used to study HMGA2 during ES cells differentiation
Deschamps, Monique. "Logiques de différenciations : anciennes lycéennes d'origine algérienne." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/deschamps_m.
Full textWhat are, at the end of the XXth century, the social destinies of Algerien migrant workers' daughters who belonged to the first generation who completed their secondaries studies? The question is addressed from a sociological and anthropological perspective. The method used is a comparative one. This research mainly draws from some field-work based on thorough interviews with young women of Algerian, Spanish, Italian and French extraction. Most of them went to the same comprehensive school in the suburbs of Lyons. In the early 2000's they lived in the region where they had grown up in the 1960's and 1970's. The systematic analysis concerns the relations between the various modes of primary and secondary socialisations in the spheres of family, school and age groups on the one hand, and in the other hand the different behaviours when entering adult life as well as later on. At the same time, this study pinpoints the relationship between the behaviours and the various underlying meaningful representations which underpin practical choices. An exclusively maternal socialisation leads to a social identity predetermined by the female gender. When socialisation is both maternal and paternal and when girls handle responsabilities perceived as male one, they are encouraged to become self-centred and to establish competitive relationship with other people. When cultural contradictions are involves in socialisation, il tends to create an off-centred attitude and cause women to embark on an endless quest for balance, trying to solve the contradictions of their very social existence in a pragmatic way
Seki, Mirei. "La différenciation de l'écriture chez Marguerite Duras." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030205/document.
Full textIn all of Marguerite Duras’ works, we encounter an impossibility of comprehension. Duras did not write for the sake of developing her art ; her works display a narrative,figurative and imaginative differentiation. In the first section of this essay, we analyse chronological differentiation in hernovels. The unpredictable chronology, due to the mechanism of differentiation, resultsin a narrative without a clear time line. In the second section, the problem of textual ambiguity, that is, the intersection ofopposites, such as memory and oblivion, is discussed. We analyse the role which thisambiguity plays as a source of differentiation in Duras’ work. In the third section, we examine the role of differentiation in the relationships between characters. The inadequacy of words leads to misunderstanding, and alienation. Because of miscommunication, characters are unable to determine the essential personality or identity of others. Our misunderstanding of others affects not only our relationships with them, but also our understanding of ourselves on a personal level. Differentiation plays an important role in the subjective experience of thereader. Reading Duras’ work is not a process of understanding a superficial, logical progression, but a deep exploration of oneself
Flici, Hakima. "Différenciation et plasticité des cellules souches neurales." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070644.
Full textRébé, Cédric. "Rôle des caspases dans la différenciation macrophagique." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOMU06.
Full textTrad, Georges Sélim. "Cytokines, différenciation Lymphocytaire T et Sclérodermie Systémique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077133.
Full textSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease characterized by endothelial cells (EC) damage, autoantibodies and immune mediators release leading to extensive fibrosis and widespread vascular alteration. As diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is a reliable marker for vascular damage estimation, its impairment was found to be independently correlated with mortality in limited SSc (article 1) and diffuse SSc (article 2). DLCO could be a useful tool for SSc diagnosis in atypical Raynaud’s phenomenon (article 1). EC activation participates to the mononuclear cell vascular recruitment. In this work, we first go through and exhaustive review of ail cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and chemokines implicated in SSc, in order to clarify their implication in Thl, Th2, Thl7 and regulatory T cells (Treg) polarisation. TGF-p, a key cytokine in SSc, acts on both Thl7 and Treg pathway. IL-6 and IL-23, known to up-regulated Thl 7 pathway and inhibit Treg expansion, are enhanced in blood and skin SSc patients, a Treg/Thl7 imbalance was suggested. This study showed a decreased proportion in fully functional and terminally differentiated Treg (CD4+CD25highCD45RA-Foxp3high) in early disease stages. A concomitant resting Treg (CD4+CD25lowCD45RA+Foxp3+) deficit becomes only apparent with disease progression. Contrary to what could be expected, SSc skin lesions does not appear to be mediated by IL-17, but rather by a distinct subset of T cells producing IL-22 in the absence of IL-17. Finally, these findings provide a kinetic picture for a Treg/Th22 imbalance in SSc with a progressive Treg exhaustion strengthen by the systemic "Th22" mediated inflammation
Klimchenko, Oléna. "Différenciation hématopoïétique des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077056.
Full textHematopoiesis in vertebrates includes two waves: one transitional extraembryonic called primitive and the second intra-embryonic origin called definitive. This sequence in mammals has been well studied in mice and much more difficult in humans for ethical reasons. The development of cell lines of human embryonic stem) offers a unique cellular model to study the different events mat occur during ontogeny. The goal of my thesis was to study embryonic hematopoiesis in the ES cell model to characterize the ontogenetic changes and better understand the pathophysiology of certain malignancies that occur on fetal progenitors. The first part of my thesis was devoted to studying the development of erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage. This work has identified the bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor (MEP) during thé embryonic primitive human hematopoiesis. We also showed that the MEP is upstream of monopotent progenitors committed exclusively to erythroid and megakaryocytic and produce mature nucleated erythrocytes and ,respectively. Platelets. The study of the specific regulation of embryonic development of MEPs help to establish the molecular mechanisms of commitment to a specific lineage differentiation during erythroblastic and megakaryocytic primitive. These results suggest that the primitive yolk sac hematopoiesis in humans is associated with the simultaneous emergence of erythroblastic and megakaryocytic fines. The second part of my thesis was devoted to the study of the ontogeny of human embyonic monopoesis. This work has enabled us to show that the process of macrophage differentiation from human ES cells reproduces the main stages of monopoiesis observed in adult bone marrow. Monocytic cells derived from human ES cells (huESC) express a combination of cell-surface markers that overlap with adult blood resident monocytes and showed an anti- inflammatory state that was confirmed at the level of secreted proteins. This polarization appeared to be related to ontogeny as fetal liver CD34+ cells- derived monocytic cells demonstrated a very similar phenotype. Both embryonic and fetal monocytic cells showed an enhanced expression of genes encoding tissue degrading enzymes, anti-inflammatory chemokines and scavenger receptors. They secreted high amounts of proteins acting on tissue remodeling and angiogenesis in comparison to blood adult monocytes and they promoted the development of large blood vessels in xeno-transplanted human tumors. These ontogenic functional properties correlated with a specific pathway of differentiation. These findings suggest that the differentiation of monocytic cells during human development may produce a majority of cells endowed mainly with antiinflammatory and trophic fonctions, supporting human fetus development
Glisse, Jérôme. "Simulation d'un modèle darwinien de différenciation cellulaire." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066051.
Full textLacroix, Stéphanie. "Représentation et acquisition d'ontologies par différenciation spécifique." Chambéry, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CHAMS019.
Full textLenormand, Jean-Luc. "Proto-oncogène c-mos et différenciation myogénique." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066626.
Full textHayel, Yezekael. "Tarification des réseaux à différenciation de services." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S094.
Full textMaillart, Jérôme. "Différenciation entre tectonique synsédimentaire et compaction différentielle." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0219.
Full textDiter, Kevin. "L'enfance des sentiments. La construction et l'intériorisation des règles des sentiments affectifs et amoureux chez les enfants de 6 à 11 ans." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS046.
Full textWhile social scientists will certainly agree that love and friendship are social matters, there is a dearth of empirical research on the social processes of formation and interiorization of individuals’ dispositions toward them. Inquires about the production of emotions have provided mainly naturalized explanations, i.e. explanations that only consider the biological and phycological aspects of their mechanisms.To overcome this paradox, this dissertation further understanding on how children of both sexes and different socioeconomic background learn to love correctly, i.e. to love in an appropriate manner, and to love the right people of the right age and sex. This understating implies opening the black box where emotions are produced, i.e. it implies the explanation of the sociogenesis of emotions.I use data from three different sources. First, 1000 hours of ethnographic observation in a Parisian primary school conducted by me during October 2013 and July 2014. Second, 40 interviews with the parents and the children of this school. Third, a national representative survey of 4,979 children aged 11 in 2008 from France. In analyzing these sources, I shed light on three aspects of the production of emotions: (1) how children understand/build the meaning of loving, (2) what does it mean and imply to love correctly, and (3) who are the subjects towards whom love can be experienced.The first part shows that children understand that love and friendship are not neutral matters, and that this understanding varies by children’s social class. There is a sex and an age to each feeling. Love is heterosexual, for adults and mostly a feminine issue, whereas friendship is homosexual and for children. In addition, children are aware that by transgressing the sex and age boundaries of love and friendship they risk their own status as children, their reputation. Social class plays an important role. Children from high-class families are more likely to transgress these boundaries because their their emotional education at home is less marked by gender and age distinctions due to the involvement of the two parents.The second part focuses on the processes that lead children to learn to love correctly, i.e. to keep the right distance from love and friendship when they must. This part highlights that, on the top of having a sex and an age, participation in discussions about (romantic) feelings also intersects with social class. Not only, children from low- and middle-classes were less likely to engage in discussions and openly express their feelings than children with high-class backgrounds, but low and middle-classes girls were also less likely to address this so-called ‘female’ topic than upper-class boys. These social differentiations are mainly due to the extent of fathers’ involvement in their children’s socialisation to feelings. By participating in children’s discussions to love and friendship, upper-class fathers partly neutralise the gender of feelings and legitimate the topic among both girls and boys. In doing so, one can note that social class and gender effects are intertwined, and more specifically that gender effects on children disposition to talk evolve across social class.Last part is devoted to how children learn to choose whom they love and whom they establish friendships with. It is clear for children that and intimate relationships and friendships ought to be established with children of the same age. And that the former type of relationships is restricted to the opposite sex. This part distinguishes three logics in the selection of partner and friends that vary across social class: school criteria vs ordinary criteria, intellectual dispositions vs esthetic disposition, and relational choice vs moral choice. Together these logics demonstrate the existence of a strong homogamy in affective and romantic relations, its early appearance in individual socialization process and its felicity’s conditions
Laverdure-Dupont, Danièle. "Influence des hormones thyroïdiennes sur la différenciation neuronale." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3320.
Full textMelet, Fabrice. "Évènements moléculaires impliqués dans la différenciation érythrocytique aviaire." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T003.
Full textSordet, Olivier. "Relations différenciation /apoptose dans les cellules leucémiques humaines." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOMU12.
Full textMakosso, Bethuel. "Différenciation du produit, publicité et structures de marché." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0014.
Full textGiraud-Héraud, Eric. "Modèles de différenciation des produits : extensions et applications." Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10003.
Full textChamberlin's treatment, 1933, of monopolistic competition captures the idea that the products sold by different firms in an industry are not perfedt substitutes. Since hotelling, 1929, several models have been developped which are commonly refered to as "adress" models of differentiation, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether these models actually differ and to show it is possible to apply these models to the theory of industrial organization and to the political science. In a first part we analyse horizontal integration and show that the existence of product differentiation implies the incentive to merge when the merged firms continues to produce all the products of its constituent firms. The freedom of entry on the market is the only factor of discouragement in horizontal integration. In the second part of this thesis we employ the locations models to understand the behaviour of voters and candidates on the eve of an election. We deduce a lot of results on the distribution of the electoral body and the location of candidates on a left-right axis
Lefort, Nathalie. "Etude de la différenciation lymphoïde précoce chez l'homme." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N07S.
Full textThis work is organized in two parts. We first reported the molecular and functional characterization of B-cell progenitors, produced by human cord blood cells. When exposed to appropriate envirommental conditions these cells repressed B-cell genes and completely differentiated into macrophage, natural killer cells and T cells. We then studied the first stage of human T cell development. Gain and loss of function experiments have demonstrated the key role of the Notch signaling in T cell differentiation and is sufficient to increase T cell potential whereas B cell development is inhibited. If purified Notch ligands can instruct CD34+ cells toward T cells within hours, this will provide an opportunity to evaluate the T cell potential of defined sources of progenitor cells and/or design therapeutic approaches to expand cells capable of lymphoid reconstitution
Funakoshi, Natalie. "Différenciation des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines vers l'hépatocyte." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON1T009/document.
Full textPrimary cultures of human adult hepatocytes (PCHH) have widespread potential applications in liver physiopathology , pharmacology, and cell-based therapies, but are currently limited by poor availability. Human embryonic stem cells (hES) are a promising source for the generation of hepatocytes in large quantities. In this study, we differentiated hES into hepatocytes by mimicking in vitro the various stages of hepatic ontogenesis. We analyzed the expression of a panel of 41 liver marker genes in hepatocyte-like cells derived from hES (hES-Hep) in comparison with PCHH, fetal liver and progenitors obtained from adult liver. The data revealed that after 21 days of differentiation ES-Hep are representative of fetal hepatocytes at around 20 weeks of gestation. The forced expression of the xenoreceptor CAR in hES-Hep induced the expression of detoxification genes as well as the biotransformation of midazolam, a substrate of CYP3A4. These results may contribute to the development of hES-Hep cultures as an alternative to PCHH for studies of xenobiotic metabolism and for cell-based therapies
Afshan, Gul. "Does differentiation matter in an employee-employer relationship at the individual and group-level? : the role of comparison from the temporal, social and deontic perspective : 3 essays." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0226.
Full textThe thesis comprises of three-essays based on three theoretical research frameworks, i.e. temporal comparison theory (Albert, 1977), social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954) and deontic theory (Folger, 2001), developed through a detailed study on organisational support, leadership and justice literature. Different working sectors operating in Pakistan were contacted for data collection including Banks, educational institutes, non-profit firms and hospitals.The objective of the thesis was to answer the research question: when differentiation will serve as an opportunity and when it will act as a threat to employees?The first essay is developed based on temporal comparison theory, to examine the relationship between relative PSS and employee voice behaviour and relationship conflict, with the underlying mechanism of supervisor-based self-esteem but bounded by the value of temporal perceived supervisor support. The second essay is designed to examine the relationship between relative LMX and employee’s in-role performance, organisational citizenship behaviour and cynicism with the process of relational identification, entire relationship is conditional to LMX social comparison. The third essay went beyond self-interest motives based on social exchange and deontic justice theory to examine justice-conflict relationship with the mediating mechanism of psychological safety, bounded by the value of differentiation in supervisory interactional justice.Most of the hypothesis in three essays have been accepted.As the comparison at workplace is ubiquitous and prevails everywhere, therefore the managerial implications of this thesis can be applied in another part of the world too
Million, Karine. "Différenciation des cellules épithéliales respiratoires chez les mammifères : modulation par les retinoides et expression des protéines p63 et p73." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077141.
Full textAubert, Denise. "Analyse moléculaire de la différenciation érythrocytique aviaire par transfert de gènes au moyen de vecteurs rétroviraux." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10222.
Full textRimmelé, Pauline. "Caractérisation des fonctions de l'oncogenèse Spi-1/PU. 1 dans la transformation érythroïde." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066298.
Full textEl, Orf Lazhar. "Différenciation et intégration des systèmes comptables : Une étude typologique." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770982.
Full textForest, Audrey. "Surexpression d'XBP1S dans les lymphocytes B, et différenciation plasmocytaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24760/24760.pdf.
Full textLuthringer, Rémy. "Détermination et différenciation du sexe chez l'algue brune Ectocarpus." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066677/document.
Full textGenetic sex determination is usually controlled by sex chromosomes carrying a non-recombining sex-determining region (SDR). Despite the common origin of sex (meiosis) in Eukaryotes, the evolution of sex chromosomes has evolved repeatedly and independently. Our knowledge in sex chromosomes comes mainly from the analysis of diploid systems (XY and ZW sex chromosomes) in animals and land plants. However the recent genome sequencing of the brown alga Ectocarpus, not only opens up the possibility of studying sex chromosomes in a phylogenetic distant group but also of analysing a haploid sex chromosome system (UV sex chromosomes). Indeed in Ectocarpus sex is expressed during the haploid phase of the life cycle, where U and V sex chromosomes are restricted to female and male, respectively. The Ectocarpus sex chromosomes have some unusual evolutionary features such as the size of the non-recombining region, which is surprisingly small for a 70 million year old system. Also the evolutionary aspect of sexual dimorphism was studied by analyzing male and female transcriptomes and by identifying several subtle sexual dimorphic traits. Parthenogenetic capacity is a sexual dimorphic trait in some populations of Ectocarpus. The genetic link between parthenogenesis and sex was analysed and a locus that controls parthenogenetic was located to the Ectocarpus sex chromosome, in the recombining pseudoautosomal region. Fitness analysis strongly suggested that the parthenogenetic locus is a sexual antagonistic locus
Gauthier, Rémy. "Régulation différentielle de l'apoptose selon l'état de différenciation entérocytaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3269.
Full textLeport, Catherine. "Purification et caractérisation de deux facteurs de différenciation cholinergique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30015.
Full textKaczan-Bourgois, Dominique. "Maturation et différenciation du trophoblaste humain : implication des annexines." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30257.
Full textArock, Michel. "Etudes sur la différenciation et la régulation des mastocytes." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P504.
Full textBuchaille, Régis. "Caractérisation de nouveaux gènes impliqués dans la différenciation odontoblastique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T158.
Full textCathelin, Séverine. "Rôle des caspases dans la différenciation de cellules hématopeïtiques." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOMU08.
Full textCaspases are proteases with a specific activation in the macrophage differentiation of human monocytes. Caspase activation is required for macrophage differentiation and is not related to apoptosis. Activation pathways and substrates of caspases during macrophage differentiation were unknown. I contributed to show the importance of the activation of the caspase-8 in macrophage differentiation. Caspase-8 is activated within an atypical complex formed in particular by FADD in absence of death receptor. In this complex, the proteins RIP and FLIPL and S are recruited and cleaved by caspase-8. Cleavage of RIP by caspases controls the activation of transcription factor NF-B during macrophage differentiation. I identified targets of caspases during macrophage differentiation by a comparative proteomic approach on differentiated cells expressing or not a caspase inhibitor. I took part in showing that HSP70 controls the erythropoiesis by protection GATA-1 from cleavage by caspases during terminal erythroid differentiation
Wegener, Amélie. "Fonction d'Olig2 dans la détermination et la différenciation oligodendrocytaire." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077077.
Full textThe basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor (bHLHJ OLIG2 plays a crucial role in oligodendrocyte development, the myelinating cells of the central nervous System (CNSJ. This bHLH is required for oligodendrocyte determination and seems important for their differentiation. However, the effects of OLIG2 overexpression in neural precursor cells (NPCs) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are less well understood. Previous gain of function studies raised controversial issue regarding the requirement of OLIG2 in oligodendrocyte specification and differentiation. To unravel OLIG2 function in oligodendrocyte development, we generated two inducible mouse lines, using the tetracycline Tet-On system: the Tet01ig2:Nes-rtTA, and Tet01ig2:SoxlOrtTA/+. In the CNS of these double transgenic lines, OLIG2 overexpression is respectively targeted either in NESTIN+ NPCs or SOX10+ oligodendroglial cells, after a doxycycline induction. During development, we demonstrate that NPC determination into OPCs is increased in the SVZ of Tet01ig2:Nes-rtTA mice. This modification leads to an increase of mature oligodendrocyte density in the olfactory bulb, cortical area and corpus callosum. OLIG2 overexpression induces also earlier myelination in the corpus callosum and cortex. Furthermore, we showed that selective OLIG2 overexpression in OPCs enhances cell migration and differentiation in Tet01ig2:SoxlOrtTA/+ mice. These data were further validated by lentiviral transduction of Olig2 in OPC cultures. Importantly, we showed that OLIG2 gain of function rescues the myelination delay of the SoxlOrtTA/+ deficient background. Altogether, our results shed lights on OLIG2 overexpression as a promising strategy to promote oligodendrocyte regeneration andmyelin restoration in CNS demyelinating diseases
Dudouet, Brigitte. "La villine : un marqueur de différenciation utilisé en cancérologie." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066695.
Full textTouboul, Thomas. "Différenciation des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines en hépatocytes fœtaux." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114809.
Full textHepatocytes transplantation has become an alternative to hepatic transplantation for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) could represent a new source of hepatic cells. We developed a new method to differentiate hESC into fetal hepatocytes in a chemically defined medium that recapitulates the main developmental stages
Souquet, Benoît. "Différenciation des cellules germinales murines : initiation et recombinaison méiotique." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077246.
Full textThe aim of my work was to identify new mechanisms involved in germ cell (GC) meiotic initiation. In ovaries, GC meiosis entry occurs during fetal life while in fetal testis meiosis is inhibited and meiosis occur from puberty. We discovered two new factors in fetal GC implicated in meiosis entry: 1) Nodal belong to Tgf(3 superfamily and is expressed in fêtai testis 2) homeobox genes Msxl and 2 are expressed in fetal ovary. Nodal signaling pathway inhibition correlated with meiosis initiation and Nodal pathway stimulation in fetali ovaries partially prevents meiosis initiation. On the other hand, Msxl/ Msx2 double knock out prevent GC meiosis entry in fetal ovaries, most of GC stay in premeiotic state and died by apoptosis. Both factors could regulate fetal GC meiosis entry oppositely. We also identify for the first time a new gene «Meiosis specific with OB domains» (Meiob) necessary for fertility. Meiob is conserved among metazoan but lack in protozoan and plant genomes. Meiob contain functional single strand DNA domains and is specifically expressed in GC during meiosis prophase I. Meiob knock out prevents homologous chromosome pairing, meiotic recombination and induces GC apoptosis. Meiob knock out destabilized Rad51/Dmcl after their loading in homologous recombination sites, explaining ail mutants phenotypes. So we discovered a new gene necessary for meiosis
Mezali, Yacine. "Algorithme de géolocalisation intérieure par différenciation de signaux wifi." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066035.
Full textOriginality of the proposed work We propose a new indoor tracking method which can be used on mobile nodes. Our method uses only the received signal strengths as input information and does not require a cinematic motion model to track the mobile node. Indoor Tracking We discuss in detail the features of our approach and its resulting tracking algorithm. Indoor Tracking vs maximum likelihood based Tracking We compare our tracking method to other tracking techniques based on maximum likelihood tracking. Indoor Tracking using signal maps We built two signal maps on two different sites, each of which is equipped with 4 and 5 access points respectively. We evaluated the performances of our algorithm using these signal maps. Investigating WIFI Signal Statistical Properties We also analyzed the statistical properties of the 802. 11 signal strengths. Specifically, we investigated the time-dependent noise affecting the received signal strengths, the stationary aspect of the RSS statistics (mean received signal strength) when the observer remains motionless. Then we explored the time-independent noise which occurs during the building of signal maps. We also use a geostatistical approach to analyze, model and predict mean signal strengths Keywords : Signal maps, 802. 11, statistical filtering, geostatistics. Indoor tracking, indoor positioning
Trouche, Didier. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène c-fos et différenciation cellulaire." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0306.
Full textAmsellem, Norbert. "Rapport au travail, rationalisation et différenciation sociales et culturelles." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA082.
Full textBessaoud, Salem. "Places financières internationales, places eurobancaires spécialisées : différenciation et complémentarité." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090045.
Full textConcurrent to the classical multinational banking space, the rapid development of a transnational space has given rise to new kind of centers specialized on euro banking transactions. Often, these new centers are wrongly considered as real international financial centers. This confusion concerns the development conditions, the activity analysis and the concept of these two kinds of centers. Our thesis analyses the real complementarity between international financial centers (I. F. C. ) and what we call specialized euro-banking centers (S. E. C. ). This complementarity is needed because it allows transnational banking system (composed of euro-banks) the realization of its international financial intermediation function, with transaction and information costs minimization. However, these two concepts must be differentiated as well. I. F. C. And S. E. C. Did not have the same development thread, they do not have the same dimensions and their future is not outlined according to the same schemes