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Journal articles on the topic 'Difference-in-difference model'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Harris, Thomas Russell, Sankar Mukhopadhyay, and Nathan Wiseman. "An Application of Difference-in-Difference-Difference Model." Public Works Management & Policy 22, no. 2 (September 19, 2016): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x16665369.

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2

Xing, Husong, Zhehui Zhang, and Yuanhui Deng. "Port Logistics Policies Evaluation Based on Difference-in-Difference Model." MATEC Web of Conferences 124 (2017): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201712405002.

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3

Shao, Y., and C. Stoecker. "MC1 THE EFFECT OF MEDICAID EXPANSION ON CANCER SCREENING RATE: A DIFFERENCE-IN-DIFFERENCE-IN-DIFFERENCE MODEL." Value in Health 23 (May 2020): S6—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.04.036.

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4

张, 亚南. "Cognitive Difference Model in Spatial Cognition." Advances in Psychology 12, no. 12 (2022): 4229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2022.1212510.

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5

Shimizu-Suganuma, Masumi, Kazumi Iida, Kazuyoshi Kato, and Kazuhiro Shichinohe. "Species difference in alloxan induced diabetes model." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 76 (1998): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)41173-6.

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6

Arkhangelsky, Dmitry, Susan Athey, David A. Hirshberg, Guido W. Imbens, and Stefan Wager. "Synthetic Difference-in-Differences." American Economic Review 111, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 4088–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20190159.

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We present a new estimator for causal effects with panel data that builds on insights behind the widely used difference-in-differences and synthetic control methods. Relative to these methods we find, both theoretically and empirically, that this “synthetic difference-in-differences” estimator has desirable robustness properties, and that it performs well in settings where the conventional estimators are commonly used in practice. We study the asymptotic behavior of the estimator when the systematic part of the outcome model includes latent unit factors interacted with latent time factors, and we present conditions for consistency and asymptotic normality. (JEL C23, H25, H71, I18, L66)

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7

Lee, Mi-Young. "Changes in the Clothing Expenditure using Difference in Difference Model: Comparison between Korean and U.S. Households." Korean Journal of Human Ecology 21, no. 2 (April 30, 2012): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2012.21.2.349.

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8

Jun-Fang, Tian, Jia Bin, Li Xing-Gang, and Gao Zi-You. "Flow difference effect in the lattice hydrodynamic model." Chinese Physics B 19, no. 4 (April 2010): 040303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/19/4/040303.

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9

Selverian, J. H. "Finite difference model of thorium transport in tungsten." Acta Materialia 45, no. 12 (December 1997): 5099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(97)00155-9.

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10

Badin, Andriy, Fabrizio Gabbiani, and Alexey A. Petrov. "Lifetime difference in mixing: Standard Model and beyond." Physics Letters B 653, no. 2-4 (September 2007): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2007.07.049.

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11

Kälbermann, G. "Proton-neutron mass difference in the Skyrme model." Physical Review C 34, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 2341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.34.2341.

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12

Huang, Chun Miao, and Wei Ping Wang. "Applications of Difference Equation in Population Forecasting Model." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 664–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.664.

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This article gets thepopulation data based on China Population Statistics Yearbook ,and establishes a model for forecasting thegrowth of population grouped by ages. First, a difference equation model invector form is established for urban area, town and rural arearespectively. In equation (I), matrix is determined byfertility rate and survival rate of urban area, townand rural area respectively. The short-term population size predicted from thismodel has calculated the gross population of each year during 2002~2020. The 19data we got were used to generate a function between population size y (hundredmillion) and time x (year) by polynomial fitting : , and the max of this function is y = 1.47121 billion when x= 20, which means that the Chinese total population will peak at 1, 471, 210,000 in 2021.

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13

Ou, Zhong-Hui, Shi-Qiang Dai, and Li-Yun Dong. "Density waves in the full velocity difference model." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 39, no. 6 (January 24, 2006): 1251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/39/6/003.

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14

Durgut, M., and Namik K. Pak. "Neutron-proton mass difference in the Skyrme model." Physics Letters B 159, no. 4-6 (September 1985): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(85)90267-9.

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15

Lin, Hongmei, and Xin Zhang. "Age Difference in Social Discounting: Generous Level Also Makes a Difference." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1332.

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Abstract Social discounting refers to the phenomenon that individuals’ generous behaviors decline as the social distance increases. But little is known how age could influence social discounting. The present study aimed at a more comprehensive understanding of age-related differences in social discounting. Moreover, as previous studies suggested that older adults are more loss aversion, we would also test whether framing (gain vs loss) could influence social discounting between two age groups. A mixed-model factorial design of 2 (age group: younger vs. older adults) × 2 (framing: gain vs. loss) × 2 (generous level: low vs. high) × 8 (social distance) was conducted, with a total of 78 younger adults and 82 older adults. A significant social distance × age interaction was found, which replicated previous studies suggesting that older adults are more generous toward socially distant others. Interestingly, a significant age × framing × generous interaction was also found, such that in low generous condition, older adults tend to be more generous than younger adults under both gain and loss framing, while such age difference disappeared in high generous condition. These findings indicate that generous level has a positive impact on people social discounting, inducing younger adults to get more generous. Contrary to our expectation, the framing of gain and loss seems not to wave individuals’ social discounting. It seems that people think more seriously about the amount of allocation rather than framing.

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16

Rayan, Sobhi. "“Difference” in the Qur’an." American Journal of Islam and Society 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v26i2.1404.

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This article seeks to explain and analyze the concept of cultural ikhtilaf (difference)in the Qur’an. Islam introduces a model for human communicationamong cultures at the individual and group levels that is based on humanvalues that guarantee a person’s dignity and human rights. The principle ofdifference in Islam means accepting the “other,” namely, the different person,by establishing relations based on acquaintance, dialogue, sharing, andreciprocity. Difference became an important conceptual tool in the frameworkof traditional Muslim societies’willingness to accept diversity and hasremained an important part of Muslim discourse.1The different person is not a mere independent isolated unit living withinhis/her own world and whose main concern is to protect himself/herselfand his/her identity from loss and forgetfulness. Rather, he/she is characterizedby his/her communicative and productive nature and entity, which aredelineated by mutual dependence on the “other” while maintaining the independenceof the “other.” The “other” also has an independent and confidentcharacter that qualifies him/her to establish a communicative and reciprocalrelationship that seeks to achieve public advantage.The “different” person can prove his/her truth, since “difference” is usedin a saying based on evidence,2 and the established truth based on this evidencegrants its holdermoral and logical confidence, therebymaking him/hermore open to the “other.” In addition, evidence indicates the power of argumentativelogic and high epistemological level of those who differentiate.The concept of difference, while based on rationality and logic, also carriesa moral dimension as a complementary unity.As a result, therefore, differenceturns out to be a fundamental element in establishing a civilized creativesociety ...

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17

Ram P, Sharma, Vacek Zdeněk, Vacek Stanislav, Jansa Václav, and Kučera Miloš. "Modelling individual tree diameter growth for Norway spruce in the Czech Republic using a generalized algebraic difference approach." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 5 (May 26, 2017): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/135/2016-jfs.

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Individual tree-based growth models precisely describe the growth of individual trees irrespective of stand complexity. These models are more useful than the stand-based growth models for effective management of forests. We developed an individual tree diameter growth model for Norway spruce (Picea abies /Linnaeus/ H. Karsten) using permanent research plot data collected from Krkonoše National Park in the Czech Republic. The model was tested against a part of the Czech National Forest Inventory (NFI) data that originated from the western region of the country. Among various models derived by a generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA), the GADA model derived from the Chapman-Richards function best suited to our data. Tree-specific parameters unique to each growth series, which describe tree-specific growth conditions, were estimated simultaneously with global parameters common to all growth series using the iterative nested regressions. The model described most of the variations in diameter growth for model calibration data (R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> = 0.9901, RMSE = 0.5962), leaving no significant trends in the residuals. A test against NFI data also confirms that the model is precise enough for predictions of diameter growth for ranges of site quality, tree size, age, and growth condition. The model also possesses biologically desirable properties because it produces the curves with growth rates and asymptotes that increase with increasing site quality. The GADA model is path-invariant and therefore applicable for both forward and backward predictions, meaning that the model can precisely predict diameter growth at any past ages of the trees.

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18

Kodipaka, Mamatha, Siva Prasad Emineni, and Phaneendra Kolloju. "Difference Scheme for Differential-Difference Problems with Small Shifts Arising in Computational Model of Neuronal Variability." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2022-0007.

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Abstract The solution of differential-difference equations with small shifts having layer behaviour is the subject of this study. A difference scheme is proposed to solve this equation using a non-uniform grid. With the non-uniform grid, finite - difference estimates are derived for the first and second-order derivatives. Using these approximations, the given equation is discretized. The discretized equation is solved using the tridiagonal system algorithm. Convergence of the scheme is examined. Various numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity of the scheme. In contrast to other techniques, maximum errors in the solution are organized to support the method. The layer behaviour in the solutions of the examples is depicted in graphs.

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19

MISAWA, Miwa, Kiyoteru TAKENOUCHI, Toichi ABIRU, Yasushi YOSHINO, and Saizo YANAURA. "Strain Difference in an Allergic Asthma Model in Rats." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 45, no. 1 (1987): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)43431-8.

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20

MISAWA, Miwa, Kiyoteru TAKENOUCHI, Toichi ABIRU, Yasushi YOSHINO, and Saizo YANAURA. "Strain difference in an allergic asthma model in rats." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 45, no. 1 (1987): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jjp.45.63.

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21

Nóbrega, Jaldair, André Luis Santos Hortelan, Carlos Henrique Portezani, and Eriton Botero. "A study of nanomaterial transportation in the soil by finite difference approximations." Research in Agricultural Engineering 66, No. 4 (December 30, 2020): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2019-rae.

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Although there has been an increase in the production and use of nanomaterials; few studies have analysed their contact with the environment and the consequent effects on an ecosystem's health, ranging from the impact on the growth of organisms to the contamination of water reservoirs. This work proposes a tool to study the transportation of nanomaterials in the soil by the finite difference method, modelling the dispersion of nanomaterials into the soil layers to estimate the environmental impact. The model validation was conducted through numerical simulations of manganese and zinc in contact with a compacted latosol. The results show that the nanoparticle pollutants move slowly through the layers and the highest concentration is found close to the source. Also, the Mn nanoparticles are in higher concentration than Zinc nanoparticles as a function of depth in the soil layers. The method generates more accurate simulated results in less time and provides a low-cost prediction of the environmental impact. Furthermore, the estimated environmental impacts can be used as a first approximation for the mitigation of the degraded area.

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22

Souto, C., E. Fariña-Busto, L. Alvarez, and I. Rodríguez. "Wind and tide current prediction using a 3D finite difference model in the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain)." Scientia Marina 65, S1 (July 30, 2001): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2001.65s1269.

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23

Flynn, Erin E. "Identity and Difference in Hegel’s Model of Ethical Normativity." Proceedings of the Hegel Society of America 18 (2007): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/hsaproceedings20071912.

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24

Choudhury, S. Rai, Naveen Gaur, Ashok Goyal, and Namit Mahajan. "Bd–B¯d mass difference in little Higgs model." Physics Letters B 601, no. 3-4 (November 2004): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2004.09.051.

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25

Wu, Jibo. "Restricted difference-based Liu estimator in partially linear model." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 300 (July 2016): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2015.12.023.

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26

Ebrahim, Abdul, and Mustafa Savci. "Electromagnetic 3H3He mass difference in the skyrme model." Physics Letters B 215, no. 3 (December 1988): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(88)91340-8.

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27

Wang, Tao, Zi-You Gao, and Xiao-Mei Zhao. "Multiple flux difference effect in the lattice hydrodynamic model." Chinese Physics B 21, no. 2 (February 2012): 020512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/21/2/020512.

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28

Wang, Xiaoya, Richard J. Traub, and Anne Z. Murphy. "Persistent pain model reveals sex difference in morphine potency." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 2 (August 2006): R300—R306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00022.2006.

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Central or systemic administration of agonists directed at the μ or δ opiate receptors generally produce a greater degree of analgesia in males than in females. To date, most studies examining sex-based differences in opioid analgesia have used acute noxious stimuli (i.e., tail-flick and hot plate test); thus the potential dimorphic response of centrally acting opiates in the alleviation of persistent inflammatory pain is not well established. In the present study, right hind paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant thermal stimuli was measured in intact male and cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats before and after unilateral hind paw injection of the inflammatory agent complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Control animals received intraplantar injection of saline. Twenty four hours after CFA or saline injection, animals received either saline or morphine bisulfate (0.5–15 mg/kg sc). Separate groups of control or inflamed animals were tested on their responsiveness to morphine at 7, 14, and 21 days post-CFA or saline. No sex differences were noted for baseline PWLs, and females displayed slightly less thermal hyperalgesia at 24 h post-CFA. At all morphine doses administered, both the antihyperalgesic effects of morphine in the inflamed animals and the antinociceptive effects of morphine in control animals were significantly greater in males compared with females. Similarly, in males, the antihyperalgesic effects of morphine increased significantly at 7–21 days post-CFA; no significant shift in morphine potency was noted for females. These studies demonstrate sex-based differences in the effects of morphine on thermal hyperalgesia in a model of persistent inflammatory pain.

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Liang, Hanying, Dongxia Zhang, and Baoxian Lu. "Wavelet estimation in nonparametric model under martingale difference errors." Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities 19, no. 3 (September 2004): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11766-004-0039-4.

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30

Ebrahim, Abdul, and Mustafa Savci. "Electromagnetic neutron-proton mass difference in the Skyrme model." Physics Letters B 189, no. 3 (May 1987): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(87)91445-6.

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31

Sihombing, Pardomuan Robinson, and Wisnu Pratiko. "Aplikasi Model Diffence in Difference Pada Regresi Binomial Logistik." Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Statistik Indonesia 2, no. 3 (December 23, 2022): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jesi.02.03.01.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak dari Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) terhadap Status Sekolah Anak di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2013-2019. Model yang digunakan adalah regresi binomial logistik. Selain itu dalam pemodelan ditambahkan efek Diffence in Difference untuk melihat dampak kebijakan dari PIP. Hasil yang didapat keikutsertaan PIP meningkatkan peluang anak untuk bersekolah. Selain itu, anak yang berada di kota dan Kepala Rumah Tangga berstatus kawin memiliki peluang sekolah yang lebih tinggi. Di sisi lain anak dengan status kawin, jenis kelamin laki-laki, sedang bekerja dan berada pada keluarga dengan ukuran angota keluarga yang besar memiliki peluang untuk sekolah yang lebih rendah. Oleh karena pemerintah lebih mengintensifkan lagi program-program bantuan Pendidikan agar semakin besar peluang anak-anak terus bersekolah sehingga menghasilkan sumber-sumber daya berkualitas dimasa depan.

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32

Ogunpaimo, Oyinlola Rafiat, Zainab Oyetunde-Usman, and Jolaosho Surajudeen. "Impact of Climate Change Adaptation on Household Food Security in Nigeria—A Difference-in-Difference Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031444.

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Studies have shown that climate change adaptation options (CCA) are implemented to buffer the unfavorable climatic changes in Nigeria causing a decline in food security. Against the background of measuring the impact of CCA options using cross-sectional data, this study assessed how CCA had affected food security using panel data on farming households from 2010–2016 obtained from Nigerian General Household Survey (GHS). Data were analyzed using the Panel probit model (PPM), Propensity Score Matching (PSM), and Difference-in-Difference (DID) regression. PPM showed that the probability of adopting CCA options increased with farm size (p < 0.01), extension contact (p < 0.01), and marital status (p < 0.01), but decreased with the age of the household head (p < 0.01). Credit facilities (p < 0.05), ownership of farmland (p < 0.01), household size (p < 0.01), years of schooling (p < 0.01), household asset (p < 0.01), and location (p < 0.05) also had a significant but mixed effect on CCA choices. PSM revealed that farming households that adopted CCA strategies had 9% higher food security levels than non-adopters. Furthermore, the result of the DID model revealed a significant positive effect of CCA on household food security (β = 5.93, p < 0.01). It was recommended that education and provision of quality advisory services to farmers is crucial to foster the implementation of CCA options.

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33

Mehmood, Waqar, Hassan Jari, Ali Tahir, Waqar Aslam, and Muhammad Kamran. "UCDiff: Difference Detection in Use Case Models of Healthcare System." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 2369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3183.

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Development of large-scale healthcare software projects essentially need the efficient management of the created software artifacts during software development process. In such projects different versions of an artifact are created at different times. Traditional software configuration management systems, such as Git, Subversion (SVN), etc., are designed for later phases of software development, which mainly handle the source code document. These systems are unable to perform difference detection and version management tasks on models such as unified modeling language diagrams. UML use case model is used for capturing functional requirements at analyses phase. Different versions of the use case model are created during analyses phase. This paper addresses the detection of differences between two versions of a use case model. In order to perform difference detection, we need to perform three main tasks, i. e., extract the contents of the model, comparison of models and difference representation. Most of the existing approaches in literature of model comparison deal with UML class diagrams. To the best of our knowledge, so far no appropriate approach addresses difference computation of use case model. Existing approaches are not applicable on use case model due to different semantics of use case model. In this research, the concept of model-based software configuration management (SCM) for use case difference detection is proposed. The use case models are created in an open source tool, starUML. The proposed difference algorithm is applied on intermediate tree structure representation of models. As a case study, different versions of a patient appointment healthcare system is used to evaluate different evaluation parameters, such as accuracy, domain independence, high conceptual level and tool independence.

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34

Mehmood, Waqar, Hassan Jari, Ali Tahir, Waqar Aslam, and Muhammad Kamran. "UCDiff: Difference Detection in Use Case Models of Healthcare System." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 2369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.31832369.

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Development of large-scale healthcare software projects essentially need the efficient management of the created software artifacts during software development process. In such projects different versions of an artifact are created at different times. Traditional software configuration management systems, such as Git, Subversion (SVN), etc., are designed for later phases of software development, which mainly handle the source code document. These systems are unable to perform difference detection and version management tasks on models such as unified modeling language diagrams. UML use case model is used for capturing functional requirements at analyses phase. Different versions of the use case model are created during analyses phase. This paper addresses the detection of differences between two versions of a use case model. In order to perform difference detection, we need to perform three main tasks, i. e., extract the contents of the model, comparison of models and difference representation. Most of the existing approaches in literature of model comparison deal with UML class diagrams. To the best of our knowledge, so far no appropriate approach addresses difference computation of use case model. Existing approaches are not applicable on use case model due to different semantics of use case model. In this research, the concept of model-based software configuration management (SCM) for use case difference detection is proposed. The use case models are created in an open source tool, starUML. The proposed difference algorithm is applied on intermediate tree structure representation of models. As a case study, different versions of a patient appointment healthcare system is used to evaluate different evaluation parameters, such as accuracy, domain independence, high conceptual level and tool independence.

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35

Zhang, Eryu, Xiaoyu He, and Peng Xiao. "Does Smart City Construction Decrease Urban Carbon Emission Intensity? Evidence from a Difference-in-Difference Estimation in China." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 16097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316097.

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Climatic changes and environmental pollution caused by traditional urban development models have increased due to accelerated urbanisation and industrialisation. As a new model of urban development, smart city construction relies on digital technology reform to achieve intelligent urban governance, which is crucial for reducing carbon emission intensity and achieving regional green development. This paper constructs a multi-period DID model based on panel data from 283 cities from 2007 to 2019 to explore the impact of smart city construction on urban carbon emission intensity. This study found that smart city construction decreased urban carbon emissions intensity significantly and decreased carbon emissions per unit GDP in pilot areas by 0.1987 tonnes/10,000 CNY compared to that in non-pilot areas. According to a heterogeneity analysis, the integration of smart city developments could decrease carbon emission intensity in northern China’s cities and resource-based cities significantly but had an insignificant influence on carbon emission intensity in southern China’s cities and non-resource-based cities. The reason for this finding is that northern cities and resource-based cities have a higher carbon emission intensity and enjoy more marginal benefits from smart city construction. Based on an analysis of the influencing mechanisms, smart city construction can decrease urban carbon emission intensity by stimulating green innovation vitality, upgrading industrial structures, and decreasing energy consumption. These research conclusions can provide directions for urban transformation and low-carbon development, as well as a case study and experience for countries that have not yet established smart city construction.

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36

Harwoko, Ade, and Lestari Kurniawati. "Agresivitas Pajak Pasca Penerapan PSAK 73 Di Perusahaan Industri Farmasi: Difference in Difference Analysis." Jurnal Akademi Akuntansi 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jaa.v5i1.18732.

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This study aims to determine changes in corporate tax aggressiveness after the application of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) 73. The sample of this research is the financial statements of pharmaceutical industry companies for the 2017-2020 period. The change impact test was performed using the Difference in Difference (DID) analysis technique in the panel data regression model. The results showed that the Pharmaceutical Industry companies affected by PSAK 73 experienced a decrease in the value of ETR by 7.08% after the implementation of PSAK 73 (increased tax aggressiveness) compared to companies that were not affected by PSAK 73. This study is expected to provide consideration for companies in formulating planning policies. taxes by taking into account the impact of the application of PSAK 73 and minimizing potential agency problems that may arise. For the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT), this research can be used as consideration in conducting tax audits or supervision.

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37

Ntzoufras, Ioannis, Vasilis Palaskas, and Sotiris Drikos. "Bayesian models for prediction of the set-difference in volleyball." IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 32, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 491–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpab007.

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Abstract We study and develop Bayesian models for the analysis of volleyball match outcomes as recorded by the set-difference. Due to the peculiarity of the outcome variable (set-difference) which takes discrete values from $-3$ to $3$, we cannot consider standard models based on the usual Poisson or binomial assumptions used for other sports such as football/soccer. Hence, the first and foremost challenge was to build models appropriate for the set-difference of each volleyball match. Here we consider two major approaches: (a) an ordered multinomial logistic regression model and (b) a model based on a truncated version of the Skellam distribution. For the first model, we consider the set-difference as an ordinal response variable within the framework of multinomial logistic regression models. Concerning the second model, we adjust the Skellam distribution to account for the volleyball rules. We fit and compare both models with the same covariate structure as in Karlis & Ntzoufras (2003). Both models are fitted, illustrated and compared within Bayesian framework using data from both the regular season and the play-offs of the season 2016/17 of the Greek national men’s volleyball league A1.

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Yang Yi, and Yan Hongyan. "Income Tax Preferential Policies and Capital Structure of High-tech Enterprises-- Estimation Based on Difference-in-Difference Model." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, no. 9 (May 15, 2013): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue9.99.

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Fu, Lianyan, Lin Zhou, Peili Wu, Zhichuan Zhu, Zhuoxi Yu, and Dehui Wang. "Evaluating the Causal Effects of Emissions Trading Policy on Emission Reductions Based on Nonlinear Difference-In-Difference Model." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315726.

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Based on panel data from 30 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions from 2001 to 2019, this paper uses the nonlinear difference-in-difference (DID) method to estimate the distribution of causal effects of emissions trading policy on emission reduction in Chinese industrial enterprises, and examines the heterogeneity of the effects. The empirical results show that (1) the emissions trading policy has a significant effect on industrial SO2 emissions reduction in China, where the reduction effect is larger in non-pilot areas than in pilot areas; (2) the policy effects are not proportional to the regional SO2 emissions intensity, and the emissions trading policy is not more effective in regions with higher industrial SO2 emissions intensities. One advantage of this paper is the use of nonlinear DID to estimate the emissions reduction effect, which eliminates the bias problem caused by the strict linearity assumption of the classical DID method. Another advantage is that the combination of the random forest method avoids the subjectivity in the selection of control variables and uses distribution effects for multilevel comparisons. This method improves the validity of estimating the effect of emissions trading policy and provides targeted policy suggestions for the effective promotion of system implementation, all of which have academic and application value.

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Brzostowski, M. A., and J. L. Black. "Frequency dispersion in finite‐difference migration." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 11 (November 1989): 1435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442607.

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We introduce a practical measure that predicts the frequency dispersion in implicit time‐domain finite‐difference migration. This measure of dispersion can be readily computed as a function of velocity, dip, and the sampling parameters (depth interval, time interval, trace interval). One result of this analysis is that smaller sampling intervals can often lead to poorer results by an unbalancing of canceling errors. Another result is that, even if the errors are kept in balance for one event, it is not possible to minimize simultaneously the dispersion for all events, since many different dips and velocities occur on a typical seismic section. We also extend the computation of the dispersion measure to include cascaded finite‐difference migration. Cascading does not reduce the magnitude of wavelet dispersion, but it does make the control of dispersion easier because it avoids the problem of choosing parameters in the presence of multivalued velocity. We calibrate and confirm our theoretical dispersion measure by means of migration tests on model data and field data.

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kumari, Babita, and Neeru Adlakha. "Three Dimensional Finite Difference Model to Study the Thermal Stress in Peripheral Regions of Human Limbs Immediately after Physical Exercise." International Journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijpmbs.7.1.1-7.

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Wu, Chaolin, and Allam Maalla. "Analysis of Cheating in Exams Based on Difference Equation Model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1848, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1848/1/012082.

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Medvedev, A. U., V. R. Galimov, I. M. Gatiyatullin, and O. V. Murugova. "Finite Difference Model of Temperature Fields in Linear Friction Welding." Solid State Phenomena 303 (May 2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.303.175.

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The finite-difference model for calculating temperature fields in linear friction welding is described. A feature of the model is the heat transfer across the friction surface accounting, which makes it possible to study the case of welding parts with different physical and mechanical properties. Modelling results, obtained for combination of VT6 and VT8-1 titanium alloys welding, are described. An assessment of the temperature field and heat transfer during the parts from VT6 and VT8-1 welding is given.

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Bongartz, K., R. Schulten, W. J. Quadakkers, and H. Nickel. "A Finite Difference Model Describing Carburization in High-Temperature Alloys." CORROSION 42, no. 7 (July 1986): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3584919.

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Myerson, Joel, Sandra Hale, Yingye Zheng, Lisa Jenkins, and Keith F. Widaman. "The difference engine: A model of diversity in speeded cognition." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 10, no. 2 (June 2003): 262–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196491.

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Niu, Feiyang, Jianhui Zhou, Thu H. Le, and Jennie Z. Ma. "Testing the trajectory difference in a semi-parametric longitudinal model." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 26, no. 3 (May 13, 2015): 1519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280215584109.

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Motivated by a genetic investigation on the progressive decline in renal function in a clinical trial study of kidney disease, we develop a practical test for evaluating the group difference in trajectories under a semi-parametric modeling framework. For the temporal patterns or trajectories of longitudinal data, B-splines are used to approximate the function non-parametrically. Such approximation asymptotically converts the problem of testing trajectory difference into the significance test of regression coefficients that can be simply estimated by generalized estimating equations. To select the optimal number of inner knots for B-splines, a cross-validation procedure is performed using the criterion of the generalized residual sum of squares. The new proposed test successfully detects a significant difference of underlying genetic impact on the progression of renal disease, which is not captured by the parametric approach.

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Cushman-Roisin, Benoit, Vigdis Tverberg, and Edgar G. Pavia. "Resonance of internal waves in fjords: A finite-difference model." Journal of Marine Research 47, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224089785076190.

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Fong, Yuk-fai, and Balazs Szentes. "COMPENSATION FOR QUALITY DIFFERENCE IN A SEARCH MODEL OF MONEY*." International Economic Review 46, no. 3 (August 2005): 957–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2005.00353.x.

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Pulkki, Ville. "Normalization in count‐comparison model of interaural time difference decoding." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2934638.

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West, Bruce J., and David R. Bickel. "Fractional-difference stochastic model of evolutionary substitutions in DNA sequences." Physics Letters A 256, no. 2-3 (May 1999): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(99)00214-5.

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