Journal articles on the topic 'Dieting behaviour'
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Gallant, Annette R., Angelo Tremblay, Louis Pérusse, Jean-Pierre Després, Claude Bouchard, and Vicky Drapeau. "Past dieting is related to rigid control and disinhibition in adolescents from the Québec Family Study." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 11 (February 28, 2012): 1976–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512000505.
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Eating behaviour traits of rigid control and disinhibition have been associated with body weight in both adults and adolescents. Moreover, adults reporting a dieting history have increased levels of unhealthy eating behaviours. Against this background, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between dieting history and eating behaviour traits in adolescents. For the purpose of this research, a total of sixty adolescents (aged 15 (sem 2·4) years) from the Québec Family Study completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and a questionnaire regarding eating habits. Self-reported current and past dieting were analysed against eating behaviour traits measured by the TFEQ, including all subscales. As the results revealed, few adolescents reported currently dieting (n 3). Adolescents who reported a dieting history (23·3 %) were older (16·9 v. 14·4 years, P < 0·001), were more likely to be female (78·6 v. 41·3 %, P < 0·05) but did not have a significantly higher BMI z-score (1·5 v. 0·9, P = 0·10), although they were more likely to be either overweight or obese (P < 0·01). After correcting for sex, BMI and age, adolescents who reported a dieting history had higher levels of rigid control and disinhibition (P < 0·05–0·0001) than those reporting no dieting history. A greater proportion of adolescents characterised by high rigid control and high disinhibition were past dieters, compared to those characterised by low levels of both behaviour traits (53 v. 4 %). The study arrived at the following conclusions: as observed in adults, adolescents with a history of dieting present unfavourable eating behaviour traits. These behavioural traits may represent an additional challenge to the long-term regulation of body weight.
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Lowe, Michael R., and C. Alix Timko. "Dieting: really harmful, merely ineffective or actually helpful?" British Journal of Nutrition 92, S1 (August 2004): S19—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041136.
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Dieting has developed a negative reputation among many researchers and health care professionals. However, ‘dieting’ can refer to a variety of behavioural patterns that are associated with different effects on eating and body weight. The wisdom of dieting depends on what kind of dieting is involved, who is doing it, and why. Thus, depending on what one means by the term, dieting can be quite harmful, merely ineffective or actually beneficial. The present paper considers examples of all three. In particular, we argue that judgements about the desirability of dieting should consider the likely consequences to particular individuals of engaging in, or not engaging in, dieting behaviour.
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WILLIAMS, J. M. G., H. HEALY, J. EADE, G. WINDLE, P. J. COWEN, M. W. GREEN, and P. DURLACH. "Mood, eating behaviour and attention." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 3 (April 2002): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701005177.
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Background. Obesity is a growing health problem, but most people find dieting unsuccessful. Three studies examine possible reasons for the difficulty and the extent to which dieting-related reductions in cognitive function are associated with mood and well-being.Method. In Study One, 49 female dieters were compared with a control group of 31 matched non-dieters on measures of well-being, mood, eating behaviour (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire), and attention. Study Two examined two measures of restraint to examine why previous studies find high restrainers are prone to react to emotion. Study Three experimentally manipulated mood using music and the standard Velten Induction Procedure to examine attention in restrainers and emotional eaters.Results. Dieting was found to be associated with deficits in sustained attention. This finding was further supported by the demonstration of a significant impairment in performance following a negative mood induction in high emotional eaters whereas high restrainers were relatively unaffected by the mood challenge.Conclusions. We suggest that different aspects of eating behaviour have dissociable effects on cognitive-affective function. Trait tendencies to restrained eating are associated with attentional deficits, but are not further affected by mood disruption. It is the long-term tendency to eat when emotional that combines with current emotional state to trigger cognitive deficits.
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Bradshaw, Alison J., Caroline C. Horwath, Lisa Katzer, and Andrew Gray. "Non-dieting group interventions for overweight and obese women: what predicts non-completion and does completion improve outcomes?" Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 10 (December 22, 2009): 1622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009992977.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine factors which predict non-completion of group non-dieting interventions for overweight women, and to investigate whether completion improves outcomes.DesignFirst, baseline predictors of non-completion were identified; then changes at 10 weeks and 12 months were compared between completers and non-completers of 10-week non-dieting interventions.SettingGeneral community.SubjectsParticipants were 119 women (aged 25–65 years, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Participants who attended at least eight of the ten sessions were classified as completers, and non-completers were those who attended fewer than eight sessions. Measures included BMI, blood pressure, psychological distress, lifestyle behaviours and eating self-efficacy.ResultsLogistic regression analyses indicated that women were less likely to be non-completers at non-dieting group programmes if, at baseline, they were more highly educated or had healthier nutrition behaviours (controlling for education). Only healthier nutrition behaviour was negatively associated with non-completion in the final model. Twelve months after the intervention, completers showed significantly greater improvements in body weight (mean change −0·53 kg), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−6·3 and −4·1 mmHg, respectively), stress management behaviour score (+0·5) and psychotic symptoms score (−0·1) than non-completers (all P < 0·05).ConclusionsHighly educated women already engaging in some healthier lifestyle choices were less likely to be non-completers in non-dieting group programmes. Since important treatment outcomes vary according to attendance, future trials of non-dieting interventions should report the effects of completion on outcomes.
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Kontic, Olga, Nadja Vasiljevic, Jagoda Jorga, Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic, Aneta Lakic, and Aleksandra Arsic. "Presence of different forms of compensatory behaviours among eating disordered patients." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 5-6 (2010): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1006328k.
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Introduction Eating disorders indicate unhealthy habits in nutrition and/or behaviour in the feeding and maintaining of body weight. The main characteristic of these diseases is changed behaviour in nutrition, either as an intentional restriction of food, namely extreme dieting or overeating, i.e. binge eating. Extreme dieting, skipping meals, self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, and misuse of laxatives and diuretics for the purpose of maintaining or reducing body weight are the forms of compensatory behaviour. Objective The purpose of the present research was to determine the presence of different inappropriate compensatory behaviours among eating disordered patients. Methods The experimental group included 35 female eating disordered patients of 23.02?}3.46 years on average, with anorexia or bulimia nervosa. The control group consisted of 70 girls aged 23.1?}3.0 years on average. Each participant completed a '24-hour Recall Questionnaire' and the 'Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale'. Results A high statistically significant difference existed in the presence of all compensatory behaviours in the experimental and control group, regarding vomiting (?2=40.6; p<0.001), misuse of laxatives and diuretics (?2=33.7; p<0.001), extreme dieting (?2=23.4; p<0.001) and excessive exercising (?2=27.1; p<0.001). Conclusion Eating disordered patients showed a significantly higher incidence of all evaluated forms of compensatory behaviour in comparison with the control group. This report confirms the presence of specific symptomatology of anorexia and bulimia patients. .
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Whittle, Claire R., John WG Yarnell, Mike Stevenson, Naomi McCay, Brian P. Gaffney, Michael D. Shields, and Jayne V. Woodside. "Is dieting behaviour decreasing in young adolescents?" Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 5 (November 25, 2011): 841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002965.
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AbstractObjectiveTo report trends in underweight, overweight and obesity in 12–15-year-old adolescents and examine changes in dieting behaviour, which have been less well documented.DesignComparison of two independent representative cross-sectional surveys.SettingNorthern Ireland.SubjectsWeight and height were objectively measured in 1324 boys and 1160 girls in 1996 and 1274 boys and 1374 girls in 2007. Participants reported whether they were following any particular diet including a self-proposed or prescribed weight-reduction diet.ResultsOverweight and obesity increased in girls from 15 % to 23 % and 2 % to 6 %, respectively. Increases were more modest in boys with overweight increasing from 13 % to 18 % and obesity from 3 % to 6 %. The proportion of underweight adolescents decreased from 9 % to 6 % in girls and 8 % to 5 % in boys. Evidence of social disparity was observed in girls from a manual socio-economic background, with overweight/obesity prevalence rates increasing from 21 % to 36 % compared with 15 % to 26 % in girls from a non-manual background. Despite these trends fewer adolescents, in particular girls, reported following weight-reduction diets (14 % of overweight/obese girls in 2007 v. 21 % in 1996; 8 % of boys in 2007 v. 13 % in 1996). Of these girls, the proportion from a manual background following weight-reduction diets decreased from 25 % to 11 %.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are continuing to increase in adolescents despite government and media awareness strategies. There also appears to be reduced dieting behaviour, despite increasing body weight, particularly in girls from manual socio-economic backgrounds.
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Lee, Sing, C. M. Leung, Y. K. Wing, H. F. K. Chiu, and Char-Nie Chen. "ACNE as a Risk Factor for Anorexia Nervosa in Chinese." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 25, no. 1 (March 1991): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679109077729.
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Acne is a highly visible and common skin disorder which is potentially disfiguring and associated with adverse emotional responses in adolescents, who are markedly sensitive to body image changes. Two psychologically vulnerable Chinese girls are reported, in whom traditional health concepts reinforced dieting behaviour, led to weight loss, regression of acne and eventually anorexia nervosa. The intricate interactions of acne, health beliefs, dieting behaviour and eating disorders are discussed.
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Prnjak, Katarina, Ivan Jukic, and James J. Tufano. "Perfectionism, Body Satisfaction and Dieting in Athletes: The Role of Gender and Sport Type." Sports 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7080181.
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Athletes are often at a greater risk for disordered eating development due to their perfectionistic tendencies, as well as physical performance- and appearance-related demands of various sports in which they compete. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of independent contributions of perfectionism and body satisfaction on dieting behaviour among male and female athletes. Two-hundred-eighty (192 male; 88 female) athletes provided their answers on the Eating Attitudes Test 26 (EAT-26), Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS) and modified Body Image Satisfaction Scale from Body Image and Body Change Inventory. No gender or sport type differences were observed in dieting behaviour and body satisfaction was the only significant predictor of dieting for female athletes. Mediation analysis demonstrated that body satisfaction is a mediator between both adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and dieting. These findings emphasize the important role that body satisfaction has in disordered eating development in female athletes.
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Cowen, P. J., E. M. Clifford, A. E. S. Walsh, C. Williams, and C. G. Fairburn. "Moderate dieting causes 5-HT 2C receptor supersensitivity." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 6 (November 1996): 1155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170003587x.
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SynopsisDieting is a widespread behaviour in developed countries, which in predisposed individuals can lead to the development of clinical eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. We studied the effect of moderate dieting in healthy women on the prolactin response to the serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), a measure of the sensitivity of post-synaptic 5-HT2C receptors. Dieting significantly increased the prolactin response to mCPP and lowered plasma concentrations of the 5-HT precursor, tryptophan. We propose that dieting in women is associated with the development of functional supersensitivity of 5-HT2C receptors, probably in response to lowered levels of brain 5-HT. Alterations in brain 5-HT neurotransmission could play a part in dieting-induced dysregulation of eating and the development of clinical eating disorders in predisposed individuals.
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Green, Michael W., and Peter J. Rogers. "Impaired cognitive functioning during spontaneous dieting." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 5 (September 1995): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700037491.
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SYNOPSISIn one of a continuing series of studies, the cognitive performance of normal weight female dieters was compared on two sessions, 3 weeks apart. Those who reported themselves as being on a weight-reducing diet on only one of the two sessions displayed poorer vigilance performance, slower reaction times and poorer immediate recall of words when they were dieting. In contrast, performance on a low processing load tapping task was unaffected. Self-report measures showed that dietary restraint, but not state anxiety or depression was increased during dieting. These results are interpreted in terms of an association between dieting behaviour and high levels of distractibility, and extend earlier findings by demonstrating that these deficits in cognitive performance are closely related to dieting or the perceived need to diet per se.
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van Strien, Tatjana. "Are Most Dieters Unsuccessful? An Alternative Interpretation of the Confounding of Success and Failure in the Measurement of Restraint." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 13, no. 3 (September 1997): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.13.3.186.
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Since Ogden's 1993 study, the concept of restrained eating as measured by the restrained eating scale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ-R) has been further explored. In the present study, as in Ogden's study, most subjects did not differentiate between items relating to attempts at dieting and actual dieting. Ogden's conceptualization of the confounding of successful and failed restraint in the measurement of restraint, however, was not supported. First, there was no indication that trying to eat less is associated with unsuccessful dieting and actually eating less with successful dieting. Secondly, in contrast to Ogden, in our study the highest restraint score was found in subjects with low susceptibility toward failure of restraint. The results are discussed in terms of an alternative interpretation of the confounding of success and failure in the measurement of restraint. Instead of a confounding of success and failure within a subject (successful restraint is followed by failure of restraint), it would be better interpreted in terms of a difference in eating behaviour between subjects. Within the population of restraint eaters there are two subpopulations: those with a low versus those with a high tendency toward overeating - successful and failed dieters, respectively.
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GREEN, MICHAEL W., and PETER J. ROGERS. "Impairments in working memory associated with spontaneous dieting behaviour." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 5 (September 1998): 1063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798007016.
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Background. The current study investigated the fundamental nature of the cognitive processing deficit that has been demonstrated to be associated with dieting to lose weight. Previous work has characterized this deficit as being primarily one of a reduction in working-memory capacity. The present study investigated the particular components of the working-memory system affected during dieting.Method. A sample of female subjects was classified as either low/medium restrained eaters (N=34), highly restrained eaters (N=18) or current dieters (N=19), based on their responses to a modified version of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ). Each subject completed tasks that assessed the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad (mental rotation), Phonological Loop (effect of phonological similarity on recall) and the Central Executive (Tower of London Task) components of working memory.Results. Those subjects who reported themselves to be currently dieting displayed poorer recall on the Phonological Loop task and slower planning times on the Tower of London Task. Performance on both these tasks correlated significantly with a self-report measure of body shape concern.Conclusions. These results support the hypothesis that the mediating variable in this deficit is that of preoccupying cognitions concerning food and body shape.
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Blissett, Jackie, Tony Lysons, and Paul Norman. "Dieting behaviour and views of young children in Wales." Health Education Journal 55, no. 1 (March 1996): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001789699605500110.
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Howe, Anna S., Sandra Mandic, Winsome R. Parnell, and Paula ML Skidmore. "Attitudes to food differ between adolescent dieters and non-dieters from Otago, New Zealand, but overall food intake does not." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 1 (May 11, 2012): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012001152.
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AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing pressure for adolescents to be thin and this may not always be acted upon in healthy ways; for example, certain foods or food groups may be restricted or meals skipped. As foods are not eaten in isolation it is useful to examine dietary patterns and associated psychosocial factors to better understand eating behaviour. The aim of the present study was to identify correlates of ‘dieting’ in adolescents from Otago, New Zealand.DesignA web-based survey was conducted in 2009, collecting information on food consumption and factors potentially associated with food consumption. Principal components analysis was used to investigate dietary patterns. Correlates were examined in 1329 students using multiple logistic regression analysis.SettingNineteen secondary schools in the province of Otago, New Zealand.SubjectsStudents from school years 9 and 10 (mean age 14·1 (sd 0·7) years).ResultsThere was no relationship between dieting and dietary patterns. Those not dieting were 17 % (95 % CI 7, 26 %) more likely to eat lunch and 22 % (95 % CI 3, 37 %) more likely to eat an evening meal on one more weekday than those who were dieting. Those who reported dieting were more likely to report healthiness (OR = 2·18, 95 % CI 1·11, 4·26) as an important factor when choosing food and that eating fruit and vegetables makes you better looking. No sex by dieting interaction was found.ConclusionsIn this cohort, while there was no difference in actual food consumption between dieters and non-dieters, there were significant differences in attitudes to food.
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Arora, Teresa, Shamma Al Ketbi, Marwa Mubarak, Anood Al Othali, Sara Al Hajri, Adeeba Al Messabi, and Fatema Al Jneibi. "The Relationship Between Dieting and Levels of Perceived Psychological Stress in United Arab Emirates residents." Arab Journal of Nutrition and Exercise (AJNE) 2, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ajne.v2i1.1244.
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Aim: The primary aim of this cross-sectional research study was to investigate the potential differences in perceived psychological stress level in those dieting compared to those not undertaking a diet. The secondary objective was to assess if stress levels in those dieting were correlated with the duration of the diet.Methods: We administered the previously validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to 60 United Arab Emirates residents. Participants were also asked demographic questions concerning age and gender and were requested to indicate if they were currently undertaking a diet to achieve weight loss. Participants who were actively on a diet were also asked about the duration of the diet (days).Results: A total of 60 participants were recruited to the study, of which 71.7% were female. The majority (71.7%) of the sample were 18-25 years old and 58.3% indicated that they were undertaking a diet at the time of data acquisition. The median total score on the PSS was 19 (14 – 22). There was a significant difference in PSS total score between those on a diet and those not (p=0.021). A positive correlation was found between number of days on a diet and perceived stress level (r=0.147) but this was not statistically significant (p=0.406).Conclusions: Dieting behaviour was associated with higher levels of perceived psychological stress compared to those not undertaking a diet. Engaging in dieting behaviour is commonly driven by body dissatisfaction and may be linked to heightened stress due to social pressures or other factors.
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Hidayah, G. N., and A. H. Syahrul Bariah. "Eating Attitude, Body Image, Body Composition and Dieting Behaviour among Dancers." Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition 3, no. 3 (August 15, 2011): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajcn.2011.92.102.
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Johannessen, K. B., G. Oettingen, and D. Mayer. "Mental contrasting of a dieting wish improves self-reported health behaviour." Psychology & Health 27, sup2 (October 2012): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.626038.
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Conner, Mark, Eleanor Martin, Natalie Silverdale, and Sarah Grogan. "Dieting in adolescence: An application of the theory of planned behaviour." British Journal of Health Psychology 1, no. 4 (November 1996): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.1996.tb00512.x.
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Hill, Andrew J. "Developmental issues in attitudes to food and diet." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, no. 2 (May 2002): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2002152.
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As a rule, children and most adults eat what they like and leave the rest. They like and consume foods high in fat and sugar. Parental behaviour shapes food acceptance, and early exposure to fruit and vegetables or to foods high in energy, sugar and fat is related to children's liking for, and consumption of, these foods. Some parents are imposing child-feeding practices that control what and how much children eat. However, over-control can be counter-productive, teaching children to dislike the very foods we want them to consume, and generally undermining self-regulation abilities. The external environment is also important, with concerns expressed about food advertising to children and girls dieting for an ideal thin body shape. Up to one-quarter of young adolescent girls report dieting to lose weight, their motivation driven by weight and shape dissatisfaction. For some, dieting and vegetarianism are intertwined and both legitimised as healthy eating. For others, striving for nutritional autonomy, the choice of less-healthy foods is not just because of their taste, but an act of parental defiance and peer solidarity. The determinants of what children choose to eat are complex, and the balance changes as children get older. A better understanding is crucial to informing how we might modify nutritional behaviour. Adults occupy a central position in this process, suggesting that children should be neither the only focus of nutritional interventions nor expected to solve the nutritional problems with which adults around them are continuing to fail.
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Blokstra, A., CM Burns, and JC Seidell. "Perception of weight status and dieting behaviour in Dutch men and women." International Journal of Obesity 23, no. 1 (January 1999): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800803.
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Radtke, Theda, Daphne Kaklamanou, Urte Scholz, Rainer Hornung, and Christopher J. Armitage. "Are diet-specific compensatory health beliefs predictive of dieting intentions and behaviour?" Appetite 76 (May 2014): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.01.014.
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Rogers, Peter J. "Eating habits and appetite control: a psychobiological perspective." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 1 (February 1999): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19990009.
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An individual's eating behaviour is shaped by factors ranging from economic conditions and cultural practices to biological influences. The physiological system controlling appetite appears to be adapted to solving the problem of an unevenness of food supply across time, and is fairly permissive in its response to undereating and overeating. Consequently, when food is abundant, the diet is energy dense and energy expenditure is low, there is a strong tendency to become obese (i.e. obesity is better viewed as due to a ‘toxic’ environment than to faulty physiological control of appetite). Under such conditions the most common method of avoiding obesity is through the cognitive control of eating. However, dietary restraint and dieting are demanding tasks, and are associated with psychological costs, including significant impairment of cognitive performance. Restraint is also prone to disinhibition, with the result that it can sometimes undermine eating control, even leading to the development of highly disordered eating patterns. In part, these difficulties are due to the self-perpetuating nature of dietary habits: for example, hunger tends to be diminished during strict unbroken dieting, but increased in individuals having a highly variable eating pattern (such as occurs when eating is frequently disinhibited). These features of appetite control provide both barriers and opportunities for changing behaviour. Accordingly, there is a need for future research to focus on the psycho-social factors and the dieting practices predicting successful eating and weight control, with the objective of identifying the actual cognitive and behavioural strategies used by the many dieters and restrained eaters who are able to achieve weight loss and maintain long-term weight stability.
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Lattimore, Paul J., and Jason C. G. Halford. "Adolescence and the diet-dieting disparity: Healthy food choice or risky health behaviour?" British Journal of Health Psychology 8, no. 4 (November 2003): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135910703770238301.
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Wehling, Helena, and Joanne M. Lusher. "Cognitive and Emotional Influences on Eating Behaviour: A Qualitative Perspective." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 12 (January 2019): 117863881985593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178638819855936.
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Considering that individuals who are within a healthy weight range may experience different thoughts about food to those who are already overweight or obese triggers the need to understand the nature, challenges, and coping strategies of food-related thinking styles in this population in relation to those who are either overweight or obese. Analysis of 6 semi-structured qualitative interviews with individuals who are either at risk of being overweight (body mass index [BMI] = 23-24.99), or above a healthy weight (BMI ⩾ 25), revealed 3 overarching themes: (1) Why am I all about food? (2) Jekyll and Hyde, and (3) Emotional attachment to food. These findings highlighted a link between dieting and negative thinking, which foster unhealthy eating patterns. Therefore, intuitive eating may offer a useful alternative to re-establish a healthier relationship with food.
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Gabhainn, Saoirse Nic, Geraldine Nolan, Cecily Kelleher, and Sharon Friel. "Dieting patterns and related lifestyles of school-aged children in the Republic of Ireland." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 3 (June 2002): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001273.
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AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to identify differences in food habits and lifestyle behaviours by dieting status among young people in Ireland.Design:Cross-sectional survey. Participants responded to a self-completion questionnaire designed by researchers on the World Health Organization's collaborative study – Health Behaviour in School Aged Children. Pupils were selected by school and classroom and the sample was stratified to be representative of the geographical distribution of school students in Ireland.Setting:Data were collected by teachers from school pupils in their classrooms.Subjects:Data were collected from 187 schools which included 8497 pupils (51% girls) aged 9–17 years.Results:While a minority of pupils (12% of girls, 4% of boys) reported that they were on a diet to lose weight, a substantial proportion (28% of girls, 18% of boys) said that they should be on a diet. Dieters reported consuming unhealthy foods less frequently than non-dieters, but did not report an increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. Rather, some categories of dieters reported higher levels of coffee and tobacco use and lower exercise levels than non-dieters.Conclusions:The results could indicate substitution of unhealthy foods by other unhealthy behaviours as opposed to an increased consumption of healthier foodstuffs, and suggest that both smoking and exercise need to be addressed alongside nutrition in youth health promotion.
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Hill, Andrew J., and Alexandra Robinson. "Dieting concerns have a functional effect on the behaviour of nine-year-old girls." British Journal of Clinical Psychology 30, no. 3 (September 1991): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00945.x.
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Blair, Alan J., Vivien J. Lewis, and David A. Booth. "Response to Leaflets About Eating and Shape by Women Concerned About Their Weight." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 20, no. 3 (July 1992): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300017250.
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Concern about body weight and shape is commonly allied with dysfunctional self-concepts and eating behaviour. When provided with group therapy structured around written handouts addressing these problems, women referred for weight control have improved in their self-esteem, assertiveness, attitudes to body size, control of emotional eating, self-efficacy about weight and susceptibility to cyclic dieting, improvements which were maintained to follow-up. The present study examined the effects of the handouts alone on 27 women who actively attempted to control their weight. Relative to a sample matched for initial scores on the target variables, reported incidences of emotional eating and vigour of dieting were significantly reduced over a period of one year in the sample who received the bibliotherapy. Also, perceived body size, weight assertiveness, self-efficacy about weight control and body mass index all moved in the predicted direction, relative to controls, but not to a statistically significant degree. Such bibliotherapy on eating and shape is recommended as an adjunct to group or individual psychotherapy or to initiate change in clients waiting for professional counsel.
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King, Michael. "Locus of control in women with eating pathology." Psychological Medicine 19, no. 1 (February 1989): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700011132.
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SynopsisLocus of control scales have been used to measure ‘effectiveness’ or personal control in patients with eating disorders. A locus of control of behaviour scale was used in a community sample of women with a spectrum of eating pathology from bulimia nervosa to chronic dieting as well as in a comparison group of non-dieters. This scale appeared to add nothing over and above general measures of psychopathology as assessed by the Clinical Interview Schedule and the Symptom Rating Test, or more specific measures such as the Eating Attitudes Test.
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Edlund, B., G. Hallqvist, and P.-O. Sjödén. "Attitudes to food, eating and dieting behaviour in 11 and 14-year-old Swedish children." Acta Paediatrica 83, no. 6 (January 21, 2008): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13084.x.
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Spencer, Rosemary J., Jean M. Russell, and Margo E. Barker. "Temporality in British young women's magazines: food, cooking and weight loss." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 10 (October 14, 2013): 2359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013002620.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines seasonal and temporal patterns in food-related content of two UK magazines for young women focusing on food types, cooking and weight loss.DesignContent analysis of magazines from three time blocks between 1999 and 2011.SettingDesk-based study.SubjectsNinety-seven magazines yielding 590 advertisements and 148 articles.ResultsCluster analysis of type of food advertising produced three clusters of magazines, which reflected recognised food behaviours of young women: vegetarianism, convenience eating and weight control. The first cluster of magazines was associated with Christmas and Millennium time periods, with advertising of alcohol, coffee, cheese, vegetarian meat substitutes and weight-loss pills. Recipes were prominent in article content and tended to be for cakes/desserts, luxury meals and party food. The second cluster was associated with summer months and 2010 issues. There was little advertising for conventional foods in cluster 2, but strong representation of diet plans and foods for weight loss. Weight-loss messages in articles focused on short-term aesthetic goals, emphasising speedy weight loss without giving up nice foods or exercising. Cluster 3 magazines were associated with post-New Year and 2005 periods. Food advertising was for everyday foods and convenience products, with fewer weight-loss products than other clusters; conversely, article content had a greater prevalence of weight-loss messages.ConclusionsThe cyclical nature of magazine content – indulgence and excess encouraged at Christmas, restraint recommended post-New Year and severe dieting advocated in the summer months – endorses yo-yo dieting behaviour and may not be conducive to public health.
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Instone, Rachel, and Emma L. Davies. "Exploring the application of the Prototype Willingness Model to weight loss dieting behaviour among UK adults." Psychology, Health & Medicine 24, no. 9 (May 27, 2019): 1075–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1622749.
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Levin, Kate A. "Urban–rural differences in adolescent eating behaviour: a multilevel cross-sectional study of 15-year-olds in Scotland." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 8 (August 18, 2013): 1776–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013002127.
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AbstractObjectiveImproving the diet of the Scottish population has been a government focus in recent years. Population health is known to vary between geographies; therefore alongside trends and socio-economic inequalities in eating behaviour, geographic differences should also be monitored.DesignEating behaviour data from the 2010 Scotland Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey were modelled using multilevel linear and logistic modelling.SettingData were collected in schools across urban and rural Scotland.SubjectsSchoolchildren aged 15 years.ResultsAdolescents living in remote rural Scotland had the highest consumption frequency of vegetables (on average consumed on 6·68 d/week) and the lowest consumption frequency of sweets and crisps (on 4·27 and 3·02 d/week, respectively). However, it was not in the major four cities of Scotland (Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and Aberdeen) but in the geography described by the classification ‘other urban’ areas (large towns of between 10 000 and 125 000 residents) that adolescents had the poorest diet. Deprivation and rurality were independently associated with food consumption for all but fruit consumption. Sharing a family meal, dieting behaviour, food poverty and breakfast consumption did not differ by rurality. Variance at the school level was significant for fruit and vegetable consumption frequencies and for irregular breakfast consumption, regardless of rurality.ConclusionsYoung people from rural areas have a healthier diet than those living in urban areas. The eating behaviours examined did not explain these differences. Future research should investigate why urban–rural differences exist for consumption frequencies of ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ foods.
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Hill, Andrew J. "The psychology of food craving." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 66, no. 2 (April 30, 2007): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665107005502.
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Cravings are hedonic responses to food, characterised by their intensity and their specificity. Food cravings are extremely common, reported by the majority of young adults. They are closely associated with liking but not synonymous with increased intake. Structured interviews and prospective incident accounts of food cravings have succeeded in revealing a richness of information about their character, their antecedents and their consequences. In addition, laboratory investigations are adding to what is being learned from field and clinical studies. Taking dieting as an example of an assumed influence on food craving, the outcomes of cross-sectional studies are mixed and unconvincing. Prospective and experimental research shows a clearer relationship. Dieting or restrained eating generally increase the likelihood of food craving while fasting makes craving, like hunger, diminish. Attempted restriction or deprivation of a particular food is associated with an increase in craving for the unavailable food. This relationship suggests a variety of underlying cognitive, conditioning and emotional processes, of which ironic cognitive processes, conditioned cue reactivity and dysphoric mood are prominent. Food cravings may also be self-attributions, accounting for why a highly-palatable but self-restricted food is (over-)consumed. Overall, the popularised account of cravings as elicited by specific nutritional need is having to give way to a more subtle and complex appreciation of human eating behaviour.
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Lewis, Vivien J., Alan J. Blair, and David A. Booth. "Outcome of Group Therapy for Body-Image Emotionality and Weight-Control Self-Efficacy." Behavioural Psychotherapy 20, no. 2 (April 1992): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300016931.
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Long-term maintenance of weight loss is generally poor after clinical interventions, whether behavioural, cognitive-behavioural, dietary, pharmacological or surgical. This may be because self-assertion regarding body shape and self-efficacy in weight control are insufficiently encouraged in clients. Semi-structured group therapy sessions with written handouts were therefore designed to strengthen personal effectiveness and self-esteem. The therapy sessions also provided information about successful dieting behaviour, and encouragement of less switching between dieting strategies, less emotional eating, and more resistance to inappropriate social pressures. The clients were 24 women with a median (range) Body Mass Index of 28.9 (24.6–48.5) kg/m2, referred by their General Practitioners or self-referred. They participated in eight weekly therapeutic sessions in four groups and were followed up six months after the final session. There were large improvements during therapy in reported self-esteem, emotional overeating, personal effectiveness and self-efficacy, habit variation, and attitudes to body-size, improvements which were maintained at follow-up. In addition, there was a significant loss of body weight during therapy, with further loss observed at follow-up. Thus it is practicable to achieve marked reductions in professed problems with body image and eating control, changes that are theoretically necessary to empower clients to choose appropriate weight targets and to make progress towards them.
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Sohlberg, Staffan. "Impulse Regulation in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: Some Formulations." Behavioural Neurology 4, no. 3 (1991): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/895824.
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Empirical observations imply that impulsivity is specifically associated with poor prognosis in eating disorders. The present paper cites studies suggesting that this factor is predominantly associated with the bulimic pattern of eating disturbance, while “restriction” may be associated rather with hypercontrol of behaviour. Further evidence is cited suggesting that the relationship between hyper- and hypocontrol is actually very intimate, both on a behavioural and biochemical level. Rather than bulimics being generally impulsive and “restrictors” generally hypercontrolled, future studies may reveal impulse regulation difficulties of both kinds in both groups. Single-minded preoccupation with dieting may be an ill-equipped individual's effort to simplify life in periods of change and environmental challenge that demand capacity for flexible impulse regulation.
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Cabaco, Antonio S., José D. Urchaga, Raquel M. Guevara, and José E. Moral-García. "Psychopathological Risk Factors Associated with Body Image, Body Dissatisfaction and Weight-Loss Dieting in School-Age Adolescents." Children 8, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020105.
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Determining the comorbidity patterns leading to suffering behavioural eating disorders (BED) that are identifiable in the early stages of life, can help prevent their becoming chronic, as well as preventing the consequences deriving from the cost and effectiveness of intervention programs. The paper focuses mainly on analysing the association between behavioural/emotional risk factors and body image, body satisfaction and diet in school children, as well as confirming whether there are differences based on sex. Several questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and several items of Health Behaviour in School-age Children) including these variables were distributed and completed by the 647 adolescents (16 year olds on average) who took part in the research project. The findings confirmed a differentiated risk profile in adolescent girls in that they had greater prevalence of emotional symptoms as a general psychopathological trait, although this was offset with their prosocial behaviour. Additionally, the findings also allowed us to conclude that the factors that predict vulnerability to BEDs are sex, the presence of emotional symptoms and social and behavioural issues. At the end of this paper, we discuss some implications and consequences that should be taken into account for future work.
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Beumont, P. J. V., E. Kopec-Schrader, and S. W. Touyz. "Defining Subgroups of Dieting Disorder Patients by Means of the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE)." British Journal of Psychiatry 166, no. 4 (April 1995): 472–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.4.472.
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BackgroundIt is important to determine the optimal manner of categorising eating disorder patients so as to aid in the understanding of their specific psychopathological state.MethodWe compared subgroups of eating disorder patients divided according to different sets of factors, using a structured interview which elicits the specific psychopathological features of these illnesses. The patients, comprising 116 consecutive women admitted to two university-affiliated eating disorder clinics, were grouped according to DSM–III–R criteria, clinical presentation (purging, binge eating), nutritional status, and age.ResultThe clearest separation of groups was afforded by the clinical dimension of purging as opposed to not purging. This was superior to DSM–III–R criteria. Other systems, such as presence of binge eating, and various levels of nutritional status and of age, were clearly inferior.ConclusionThe presence or absence of purging behaviour appears to offer the most heuristic means of categorising eating disorder patients with respect to their specific psychopathological state.
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López Morales, José Luis. "Análisis del comportamiento alimentario y sus factores psicológicos en población universitaria no obesa." Anales de Psicología 34, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.1.294341.
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<p>The eating beahaviour of obese population can be influenced by various psychological factors such us eating restriction, lack of control or emotional eating. Although in most ocassions this variables have been studied in obese population, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relations between this factors with eating behaviour in non-obese population and relate this behaviour with Edorexia Syndrome. A battery of psychological tests was applied to 75 students of Murcia University, this battery consisted of the Edorexia Syndrome Questionnaire, Big Five Personality Questionnaire and the Coping Response Inventory (CRI-A). The results showed how the Edorexia Syndrome was related with a dicrease in emotional stability, emotional control and positive reevaluation as well as an increase in acceptance and resignation. In addition, people with Edorexia Syndrome were related to dieting, food deprivation, exercising and consumption without needing. This results are explained by the Five Ways Theory (Macht, 2008) which relates the lack of skills to cope with emotions with the uncontrollable abuse of food.</p>
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Gowers, Simon G., and Alison Shore. "Development of weight and shape concerns in the aetiology of eating disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 179, no. 3 (September 2001): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.3.236.
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BackgroundAlthough weight and shape concerns are considered to be integral to the psychopathology of anorexia and bulimia nervosa, uncertainties remain about developmental aspects of the aetiology of these concerns and their relationship to eating disorders.AimsTo review the recent literature on weight and shape concern, with particular emphasis on aetiology, to identify a possible developmental pathway from weight concern through abnormal eating behaviour to disorder.MethodLiterature review of Medline and Psychlit databases using the keywords ‘eating disosrder’, ‘weight concern’, ‘shape concern’ and ‘aetiology’. Inclusion criteria were based on the strength of quantitative research findings, originality of ideas and recent publication.ResultsWeight and shape concerns follow a developmental pathway arising before the typical age for the development of eating disorders. The origins are multifactorial, with biological, family and sociocultural features predominating.ConclusionsAlthough weight and shape concern seems commonly to underlie the development of eating disorders, an alternative pathway appears to exist through impulsivity and fear of loss of control. Prevention strategies may usefully focus on the attitudes and concerns that lead to dieting behaviour.
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Schroder, Kerstin Elisabeth Elfriede, Cindy L. Ollis, and Sydney Davies. "Habitual Self–Control: A Brief Measure of Persistent Goal Pursuit." European Journal of Personality 27, no. 1 (January 2013): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1891.
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Habitual self–control is defined as a trait–like personal resource factor that facilitates the enactment of difficult intentions. A 14–item Habitual Self–Control Questionnaire (HSCQ) was developed to assess this trait. Reliability, factorial validity, and criterion validity were assessed in five undergraduate student subsamples with an overall N of 2224. Internal consistency was .81 across the entire sample, and test–retest reliability was .83 over a one–month interval. The HSCQ showed a theoretically meaningful pattern in terms of convergent and discriminant validity and criterion validity in predicting a variety of health behaviours that relate to self–control, including exercise, dieting behaviour, binge eating and weight loss success. Further, the HSCQ contributed uniquely to the prediction of health behaviours beyond alternative self–control scales. In a longitudinal part of the study, the HSCQ added to the prediction of action plan completion and satisfaction beyond motivation and moderated the relationship between motivation and enactment of action plans as theoretically expected. In sum, the results provided strong evidence for the reliability and validity of the HSCQ and highlighted some theoretically meaningful differences to already existing measures of self–control. Theoretical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Scattolon, Yvette S., and Richard M. Nicki. "Worry as an Inhibitor of Dietary Restraint." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, no. 1 (January 1995): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800017604.
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Previous researchers have identified disinhibiting agents of restrained eating such as the ingestion of preloads, alcohol consumption, and negative affect. This study investigated worry as a purely cognitive inhibitor of dietary restraint. Seventy-five subjects who were screened as being high worriers and high restrainers were randomly assigned to three groups: eating-related worry; social-evaluative/school-related worry; non-worry. Subjects were induced to either worry or to think pleasant thoughts, and then take part in a bogus taste-test. Food consumption in worry-prone, chronic dieters was found to be triggered more by social-evaluative/school-related worries than by eating-related worries, or pleasant thoughts. Chronic dieting and worrying were found to be substantially related to measures of bulimic tendencies and trait anxiety, respectively. These findings may be germane to behaviour change programmes pertaining to bulimia.
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Al Sabbah, H., C. Vereecken, P. Kolsteren, Z. Abdeen, and L. Maes. "Food habits and physical activity patterns among Palestinian adolescents: findings from the national study of Palestinian schoolchildren (HBSC-WBG2004)." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 7 (July 2007): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007665501.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the food habits and physical (in)activity patterns and to investigate the relationship with sociodemographic factors among Palestinian adolescents.Design and subjectsThe Palestinian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) is a cross-sectional survey of grades 6, 8, 10 and 12. Students completed a modified version of the international HBSC questionnaire. A total of 8885 students were included in this analysis; 53% were from the West Bank and 47% from the Gaza Strip.ResultsAdolescents in the West Bank consume more fruit, meat, chicken, sweets and soft drinks, but less vegetables than adolescents in Gaza (P < 0.01). Girls reported more daily consumption of fruit, vegetables and sweets than boys (P < 0.001), and less consumption of soft drinks, milk, meat and chicken (P < 0.01). Boys were physically more active than girls (P < 0.01), whereas girls reported doing more homework (P < 0.001). Both boys and girls reported less physical activity with increasing age (P < 0.001). Consumption of fruit and milk was positively associated with both parents' education, while consumption of meat, chicken and soft drinks was positively associated with mother's education only. Having breakfast on schooldays was positively associated with the father's education. Physical activity and television viewing were associated with the mother's education (P < 0.01). The parents' level of education had no effect on vegetable consumption and dieting status.ConclusionThis study indicated that there are problems with Palestinian adolescents' eating, dieting and physical activity. Regional, gender and parental socio-economic status differences should be taken into account in developing interventions. More detailed studies are needed with more elaborate instruments about food habits and physical activity of adolescents.
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Kelly, Colette, Michal Molcho, and Saoirse Nic Gabhainn. "Patterns in weight reduction behaviour by weight status in schoolchildren." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 8 (November 27, 2009): 1229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009992102.
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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationships between weight reduction behaviour among non-overweight schoolchildren and dietary habits, perception of health, well-being and health complaints.DesignAnalysis of the 2006 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey, a cross-sectional study involving schoolchildren aged 10–17 years.SettingSchools in the Republic of Ireland.ResultsThe proportion of children (n3599) engaged in weight reduction behaviour (‘dieting’ among non-overweight students) was 10·3 %. Older children, females and those from higher social classes (SC) were more likely to report such behaviour. Non-overweight schoolchildren who reported weight reduction behaviour were less likely than those not engaged in such behaviour to frequently consume sweets, soft drinks, crisps and chips/fried potatoes (OR from 0·39 (95 % CI 0·17, 0·89) to 0·72 (95 % CI 0·53, 0·99)); were more likely to consume diet soft drinks (OR 1·50 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·18); and were more likely to miss breakfast during the week (OR 0·62 (95 % CI 0·48, 0·80). The risk of subjective health complaints increased (OR from 1·47 (95 % CI 1·13, 1·91) to 1·92 (95 % CI 1·48, 2·49)); as did body dissatisfaction (OR 9·17 (95 % CI 6·99, 12·02)), while perception of health and well-being decreased (OR 0·47 (95 % CI 0·36, 0·61)) to 0·54 (95 % CI 0·41, 0·70)). All analyses were controlled for age, gender and SC.ConclusionsWeight reduction behaviour among non-overweight schoolchildren is associated with considerable risk to physical health and emotional well-being. Since the risks associated with such behaviour varies by weight status, health professionals and researchers need to consider these issues in parallel.
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Corposanto, Cleto. "Possiamo parlare di danno sociale delle intolleranze alimentari? La celiachia nei racconti di vita quotidiana (con una proposta interpretativa)." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 3 (September 2009): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-003009.
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- The definition of Intuitive Eating as a psychological construct was developed in opposition to dieting movements that proposed controlled meal plans, avoidance of taboo foods and restricted intake of fat grams and calories. An eating behavior more consistent with one's internal physiological hunger and satiety cues was thus suggested in order to achieve both an adequate body weight and psychophysical well-being. Tylka (2006) developed the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES), a questionnaire that assesses three main facets of intuitive eating: unconditional permission to eat when hungry and what food is desired, eating for physical rather than emotional reasons, and reliance on internal hunger and satiety cues to determine when and how much to eat. This paper describes the development and validation of the Italian version of the IES. A paper-and-pencil battery that included a socio-demographical questionnaire, the IES and other measures of eating behaviour and attitudes toward food was administered to 206 participants and internal consistency, unidimensionality, factor structure and construct and criterion validity of the scale were investigated. Results showed that psychometric properties of the Italian version of the IES are adequate for the use in a non-clinical context. Future studies should investigate the temporal stability and the discriminant power of IES scores in clinical samples.Key-words: intuitive eating, orthorexia, eating disorders, eating behavior, psichometrics.Parole-chiave: intuitive eating, ortoressia, disturbi alimentari, comportamento alimentare, psicometric.
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Lee, Sing. "How abnormal is the desire for slimness? A survey of eating attitudes and behaviour among Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong." Psychological Medicine 23, no. 2 (May 1993): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700028531.
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SynopsisUsing the 40-item Eating Attitudes Test and other self-report questions, a two-stage screening survey of 1020 (F 646, M 374) Chinese bilingual university students in Hong Kong showed that although female students were ‘underweight’ by Western standard, the majority of them and nearly all female students above a body mass index of 20·5 kg/m2 were cognitively inclined to diet and weigh less, albeit without being driven to actual weight control behaviour. In contrast, most male students and a minority of constitutionally thin female students clearly wished to gain weight. While a number of items were culturally inappropriate, factor analysis supported the overall cross-cultural conceptual validity of the EAT. The principal factor, reflecting dieting concerns, correlated positively with the current body mass index. Among the high scorers, only three female students with partial syndrome bulimia nervosa were identified, yielding a low prevalence of 0·46% for the spectrum of eating disorders. It is argued that the desire for slimness is widespread but its intensity and pathogenic potentiality vary across cultures. In the relative absence of obesity, it may not lead to more eating disorder.
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Mathisen, Therese Fostervold, and Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen. "Mental Health Symptoms Related to Body Shape Idealization in Female Fitness Physique Athletes." Sports 7, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7110236.
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Physical activity relates to optimal health, still the prevalence of mental health issues is high among athletes. Being young, female, and competing in aesthetic sports is a high-risk combination for mental health symptoms. Fitness physique athletes (FA) match this profile but are understudied. We aimed to study the intensity of mental health symptoms (i.e., body image, eating behaviour, relation to and routines for exercise, and perfectionism) in FA and in female references (FR), and to evaluate how preparing for fitness sport competitions affects these mental health symptoms. Before competition, FA had higher levels of drive for leanness (DFL) and eating restraint compared to FR. At the time of competition, eating restraint increased in FA only, concurrent with a reduction in symptoms of disordered eating. The levels of DFL, drive for muscularity, eating restraint, and exercising for figure toning were higher in FA compared to FR. At one-month post-competition, the differences between groups from competition time remained. Generally, perfectionism correlated with eating restrictions in FA and with disordered eating in FR. Overall, FA coped with the dieting, but self-control deteriorated post-competition with higher levels of disordered eating and an increased body shape concern. High DFL generally associated with more disordered eating behaviour, specifically in FR.
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Chambers, Julie A., and Vivien Swanson. "A health assessment tool for multiple risk factors for obesity: age and sex differences in the prediction of body mass index." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 2 (March 9, 2010): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510000607.
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The aim was to establish the relative importance of multiple dietary, activity and other risk factors in determining BMI. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 322 adults (71 % female; aged 18–79 years; BMI 16·5–40·9 kg/m2) using a previously developed, psychometrically tested, seventy-three-item questionnaire covering a wide range of obesity risk factors (consisting of five dietary, five activity and seven other risk factor subscales). Outcome was self-reported weight and height for BMI, cross-validated with items on clothes size and perceived need to lose weight. Stepwise regression analysis predicted 25–55 % of the variance in BMI with physical activity participation, current and past dieting behaviour, amount eaten, and age being the most important predictors. The association of lower BMI and younger age appeared to be due to higher activity levels, as younger participants reported much less healthy eating behaviour than the older age group. Amount eaten and physical activity participation were stronger predictors of BMI than other factors including healthy eating and use of mechanised transport. Results showed that the relationship between various risk factors and obesity may differ by both sex and age group, suggesting that different interventions may need to be targeted at different groups. The higher-risk eating behaviour observed in younger participants is of concern and needs to be addressed, if the current trend of rising obesity levels is to be halted.
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Osei-Kwasi, Hibbah, Aarti Mohindra, Andrew Booth, Amos Laar, Milka Wanjohi, Fiona Graham, Rebecca Pradeilles, Emmanuel Cohen, and Michelle Holdsworth. "Factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa: a systematic mapping review." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 14 (May 26, 2020): 2584–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019005305.
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AbstractObjective:To identify factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa and identify areas for future research.Design:We systematically reviewed published/grey literature (protocol CRD4201706893). Findings were compiled into a map using a socio-ecological model on four environmental levels: individual, social, physical and macro.Setting:Urban food environments in Africa.Participants:Studies involving adolescents and adults (11–70 years, male/female).Results:Thirty-nine studies were included (six adolescent, fifteen adolescent/adult combined and eighteen adult). Quantitative methods were most common (twenty-eight quantitative, nine qualitative and two mixed methods). Studies were from fifteen African countries. Seventy-seven factors influencing dietary behaviours were identified, with two-thirds at the individual level (45/77). Factors in the social (11/77), physical (12/77) and macro (9/77) environments were investigated less. Individual-level factors that specifically emerged for adolescents included self-esteem, body satisfaction, dieting, spoken language, school attendance, gender, body composition, pubertal development, BMI and fat mass. Studies involving adolescents investigated social environment-level factors more, for example, sharing food with friends. The physical food environment was more commonly explored in adults, for example, convenience/availability of food. Macro-level factors associated with dietary behaviours were food/drink advertising, religion and food prices. Factors associated with dietary behaviour were broadly similar for men and women.Conclusions:The dominance of studies exploring individual-level factors suggests a need for research to explore how social, physical and macro-level environments drive dietary behaviours of adolescents and adults in urban Africa. More studies are needed for adolescents and men, and studies widening the geographical scope to encompass all African countries.
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Mishra, Shailendra K., and Susmita Mukhopadhyay. "Eating and weight concerns among Sikkimese adolescent girls and their biocultural correlates: an exploratory study." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 5 (September 21, 2010): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010002478.
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AbstractObjectivesGrowing concern about ideal body image among adolescent girls in developing countries has led them to follow dietary modifications. In general, the ideal body image is perceived as a ‘thin body’ and now tagged with the concept of being physically fit. The present study evaluates the prevalence of weight concerns, and subsequent eating behaviour modifications among a group of adolescent girls in Sikkim.DesignPre-tested FFQ and dietary behaviour questionnaire were canvassed through direct interviews. Anthropometric measurements were taken following standard techniques. In the present study, dieting stands for skipping meals or avoiding certain food items.SettingSikkim, India.SubjectsA total of 577 girls were selected from several blocks of all four districts of Sikkim.ResultsThe results of the study show that concern with weight reduction is growing among adolescent girls, particularly among urban girls of affluent families. Girls from families with a higher economic status are about two times more likely to report dissatisfaction with their body weight (OR = 1·96; P ≤ 0·05) and these girls are five times more likely to report the need for dieting.ConclusionsIt is evident that weight concern and dissatisfaction over body weight are growing among adolescents. It can be safely argued that eating disorder, once a problem of the Western world, is now slowly creeping in among adolescents of the developing world as a consequence of rapid lifestyle changes over the past few decades.
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Carvalho, João, Marta M. Marques, Mário Boto Ferreira, and Maria Luísa Lima. "Construct validation of the Portuguese version of the Restraint Scale." Psychology, Community & Health 5, no. 2 (August 8, 2016): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/pch.v5i2.170.
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AimThe main purpose of this study was to adapt the Restraint Scale (RS) to Portuguese and examine its psychometric properties, specifically its construct validity.MethodIn this study, 238 normal-weight adults (82% women; Mean age = 36.6, SD = 15.0) participated in an online survey containing measures of Restraint Scale, Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, and Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness scales.ResultsExploratory factor analyses corroborated the two-factors structure found in previous studies, in particular when three items without clear factorial assignment and low correlation were excluded. A final two-factors version of the RS containing seven items presented a very good fit to the measurement model and good internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis of the 7-items RS in relation to a three-factor model of overeating, dieting and body dissatisfaction measures revealed that the RS was the only restraint measure loading in all three factors.ConclusionThis suggests that the 7-items Portuguese version of the RS has good psychometric properties and unique features that lend it appropriate to identify and study unsuccessful chronic dieters.