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Almeida, Mariana Sofia Magalhães. "Dieta mediterrânica e dieta atlântica: efeitos na saúde." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7561.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoO estudo dos padrões alimentares capta o efeito cumulativo e de interação dos vários alimentos e nutrientes e podem ser mais facilmente interpretados pela população, assumindo assim particular importância em Saúde Pública. A Dieta Mediterrânica (DM) e a Dieta Atlântica (DA) são padrões alimentares definidos por uma abordagem orientada por hipóteses prévias (a priori) e são representativos de uma determinada região e dos seus costumes culturais e sociais, reforçados ao longo de vários anos. Cada um apresenta na sua composição propriedades que lhes conferem o estatuto de alimentação saudável. Em termos de efeitos benéficos na saúde, a DM e os seus componentes têm sido exaustivamente associados a um menor risco cardiovascular, conferindo também um papel protetor sobre a incidência e mortalidade por cancro, em especial cancro da mama, da próstata, gástrico e colo-retal. A DM também apresenta evidência de ter um papel favorável na prevenção e tratamento da obesidade, diabetes, doenças inflamatórias reumáticas, osteoporose e a nível cognitivo. Em relação ao papel da DA na saúde, este tem muito menor evidência fruto da sua definição muito mais recente, tendo sido já associada a melhor perfil cardiovascular. Quer a DM quer a DA parecem sofrer atualmente uma espécie de descaracterização, havendo uma aproximação do seu padrão tradicional a outros padrões de regiões carateristicamente diferentes. Esta ocidentalização dos padrões preocupa a comunidade científica em geral.
The study of dietary patterns captures the cumulative and interaction effect of various foods and nutrients and can be more easily interpreted by the population, thus assuming particular importance in Public Health. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Atlantic Diet (AD) are dietary patterns defined by a hypothesis oriented approach (a priori) and are representative of a particular region and its cultural and social customs, reinforced over several years. Each one has properties that give them the status of healthy diets. In terms of benefits to health, the MD and its components have been extensively associated with a lower cardiovascular risk, and also a protective effect on cancer incidence and mortality, especially breast cancer, prostate, gastric and colorectal cancer has been described. The MD also presents evidence of having a favorable role in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, osteoporosis and at the cognitive level. The role of the AD in health, has much less evidence due to its much more recent definition, but it has already been associated with a better cardiovascular profile. Both the MD and AD seem to suffer a kind of decharacterization, with an approximation of the traditional pattern to other patterns of regions that are characteristically different. This westernization of dietary patterns concerns the scientific community in general.
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Monteiro, Maria Emília Lopes. "Efeitos de uma dieta com teores baixo de carboidratos e elevado de proteínas e lipídeos no fígado de ratas." Niterói, 2018. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/5499.
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Há algumas décadas, dietas cetogênicas como a preconizada pelo Dr. Atkins, composta por 0% a 20% da oferta energética fornecida por carboidratos, 55% a 65% por proteínas e 25% a 35% por lipídeos são usadas visando ao emagrecimento. Mais recentemente, a indicação foi ampliada para algumas doenças neurológicas. A hipótese deste estudo é que, como o fígado recebe diretamente macronutrientes da absorção intestinal, as modificações na composição desses componentes da dieta possam levar à lesão dos hepatócitos. O objetivo geral do estudo é verificar o efeito de uma dieta com teores baixo de carboidratos e elevado de proteínas e lipídeos no fígado de ratas por análise bioquímica plasmática, histologia e citometria de fluxo do fígado. Vinte ratas, divididas em dois grupos, receberam dieta controle e dieta experimental. Os animais controles receberam dieta AIN-93M e os experimentais, dieta baseada na do Dr. Atkins, com carboidrato (8,44%), proteínas (57,19%), lipídeos (34,36%) e água, ad libitum, por oito semanas. As ratas no estro em jejum foram anestesiadas e pesadas, a glicemia capilar foi dosada e a coleta de sangue foi realizada para avaliar transaminases, ureia, creatinina, triacilglicerol, colesterol, lipoproteína de alta densidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, β-hidroxibutirato, malondialdeído, glucagon, insulina, interleucina-6 e fator de necrose tumoral. Seis fragmentos do fígado foram retirados e colocados em solução fisiológica a 0,9% para citometria de fluxo, e o restante do órgão colocado em solução de formalina neutra tamponada a 10% para microscopia óptica. O tecido adiposo branco periovariano bilateral foi retirado e pesado. Os resultados foram apresentados, como média e desvio padrão para a comparação, o teste t de Student, não pareado, e o teste ANOVA, seguido do teste de Tukey. Utilizou-se o teste de Pearson para estudos de correlação, sendo p<0,05 com significância. As médias de peso dos dois grupos aumentaram, sem diferença estatística no início e ao final. A média da ingestão de água foi 1,6 vezes maior no experimental. A média do consumo de dieta sempre foi significativamente menor no experimental, exceto na segunda semana. O peso do tecido adiposo foi menor no grupo experimental. Houve diferença estatística nas seguintes dosagens: transaminases, ureia, triacilglicerol, malondialdeído, e β- hidroxibutirato. Com exceção do triacilglicerol, todos foram maiores no grupo experimental. O peso do tecido adiposo periovariano foi menor no grupo de dieta experimental. A média do peso do fígado foi maior no grupo experimental. O aspecto macroscópico do fígado foi normal em ambos os grupos, e o estudo histológico do grupo experimental demonstrou sinusoides hepáticos alargados, hepatócitos de tamanho diminuído e glicogênio hepático diminuído. Não foi identificada autofagia dependende de Blimp-1 no estudo. A citometria de fluxo demonstrou que, o grupo experimental apresentou 30,85 ± 2,20% de células inviáveis; e no controle 13,22 ± 1,43%, com p<0,05. Houve correlação positiva entre o percentual de células inviáveis e malondialdeído plasmático, e negativa com triacilglicerol plasmático, o que pode sugerir serem estes possíveis indicadores plasmáticos de lesão hepática, associados à dieta experimental. Conclui-se que a dieta experimental levou à lesão hepática (apoptose) no estudo.
For many decades, ketogenic diets as Atkins diet, composed of 0% - 20% calories from carbohydrate, 55% - 65% protein and 25% - 35% lipids have been used to weight loss. More recently, the indication was expanded to some neurological diseases. The overall objective of the study is to assess the effect of a lowcarbohydrate, high-protein and lipids diet on the liver of rats by plasma biochemical analysis, histology and cytometric liver flow study.The hypothesis is that as the liver gets directly absorption of macronutrients, low- carbohydrates, high-protein and lipids diets can injure hepatocytes. Twenty female rats were divided into control diet group and experimental diet group. The control group received an AIN-93M diet and the experimental one a diet based on the Atkins's diet with carbohydrates (8.44%), protein (57.19%), lipids (34.36%) and water, ad libitum, for eight weeks. The rats in estrous cycle were anesthetized, weighted, capillary glucose was dosed and blood was collected for measurement of transaminases, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, β-hydroxybutyrate, malonaldehyde, glucagon, insulin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. Six liver fragments were removed and placed in physiological solution at 0.9% for flow cytometry and the rest of the organ was put in a neutral buffered formalin 10% solution for optical microscopy. The white adipose tissue bilateral periovarian was pulled out and weighted. The results were presented as a mean and standard deviation, and the comparison between the average with Student's t-test unpaired, and ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Pearson's test was used for correlation studies. It was considered a statistically significant difference at p <0.05. The average weight of the two groups increased during the study. At the beginning and in the end of the study, there was no statistical difference in mean weight. The average water intake was 1.6 times higher in the experimental group. The average dietary intake was significantly lower in the experimental group, except in the second week. There was a statistical difference between the groups in only the following dosages: transaminases, urea, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Adipose tissue weight was smaller in the experimental group. The mean weight of liver was greater in the experimental. The macroscopic appearance of the liver was normal in both groups and the histological study demonstrated that the experimental group had an extended hepatic sinusoid, decreased the size of hepatocytes and decreased liver glycogen. Autophagy has not been identified. Flow cytometry showed statistical significance, in the experimental group 30.85% ± 2.20% were inviable cells while in the control group 13.22 ± 1.43% were, with p <0.05. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of non-viable cells and plasma malondialdehyde and a negative with plasma triglycerides suggesting that they are possible plasma indicators of hepatic injury associated with the experimental diet. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a low-carbohydrate and high-protein and lipids diet leads to liver damage, and apoptosis is the main cell injury process
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Bédard, Annabelle 1986. "Nutritional factors in asthma = Facteurs nutritionels dans l'asthme." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460881.
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The general aim of the thesis was to assess the role of nutritional factors in asthma in the French E3N study.
The first objective was to compare principal component (PCA) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to identify dietary patterns. In comparison with PCA patterns, CFA patterns were more relevant in terms of correlations with food groups and socio-economic characteristics, and associations with adult-onset asthma.
The second objective was to assess the joint roles of physical activity and obesity on asthma using marginal structural models. Analyses showed that obesity was related causally to current asthma with symptoms independently of physical activity, whereas no association was reported for physical activity.
The third objective was to assess the modifying role of overweight in the association between domestic cleaning spray use and current asthma. Analyses showed that among women without anti-inflammatory therapy, the effect of spray use on asthma was higher in overweight women.L’objectiu general de la tesi fou avaluar el paper dels factors nutricionals en l’asma. El primer objectiu fou comparar l’anàlisi de components principals (PCA) amb l’anàlisi factorial confirmatori (CFA) per identificar patrons de dieta. Comparat amb els patrons obtinguts amb PCA, els patrons obtinguts amb CFA mostraven major correlació amb grups d’aliments i característiques sociodemogràfiques, i aconseguien millor predicció de la incidència d’asma. El segon objectiu fou avaluar l’efecte conjunt de l’activitat física i l’obesitat en l’asma, utilitzant models marginals estructurals. Els resultats mostraren que l’obesitat es relaciona causalment amb els símptomes d’asma independentment de l’activitat física, mentre que no es va trobar cap efecte de l’activitat física. El tercer objectiu fou estudiar el paper modificador del sobrepès en l’associació entre l’ús de pulveritzadors de neteja domèstica i la presència d’asma. Les anàlisis mostraren que l’efecte de l’ús dels pulveritzadors era més gran en dones amb sobrepès i tractament antiinflamatori
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Barbosa, Lhais de Paula 1990. "Consumo de gorduras e escolaridade em adultos : estudo de base populacional no município de Campinas, SP." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312916.
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Orientador: Marilisa Berti de Azevedo BarrosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O consumo de gorduras é essencial na alimentação humana. Os lipídios contribuem ativamente como precursores na síntese de hormônios, fazem parte da estrutura das membranas celulares, compõe a bile, participam da resposta autoimune e do transporte de vitaminas lipossolúveis e garantem o aporte energético da dieta. Contudo, o excesso na ingestão deste nutriente representa risco para o desenvolvimento de uma série de doenças crônicas e o aumento da ingestão de gorduras na dieta das populações foi uma característica marcante no processo de transição nutricional. O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar o perfil de ingestão de gordura segundo escolaridade e sexo na população adulta residente no município de Campinas. Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional que avaliou a dieta de 949 adultos residentes na área urbana do município de Campinas por meio do instrumento Recordatório de 24 horas (R24h). A composição nutricional da dieta foi calculada a partir do software NDS-R versão 2007 e para a análise dos dados foram calculadas as proporções e estimadas as médias com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% utilizando os modelos lineares generalizados, com base na distribuição do tipo Gamma, para variáveis assimétricas. Como resultados, pode-se observar que a dieta apresentou-se normoglicídica, normolipídica e normoproteica, segundo as recomendações do IOM de 2005, tanto para homens quanto para mulheres e em todos os estratos de escolaridade. Sobre o consumo dos diferentes tipos de gordura, quando analisados por sexo e escolaridade, foi verificado para o sexo masculino maior consumo de gordura total, gordura saturada, gordura monoinsaturada e gordura trans entre os mais escolarizados. Entre as mulheres, foi observado maior consumo de gordura saturada e menor consumo de gorduras poliinsaturadas nos estratos de maior escolaridade. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que, em linhas gerais, o consumo de determinados tipos de gordura é elevado na população estudada e que as gorduras mais consumidas foram àquelas com potencial de prejudicar a saúde: gordura saturada e gordura trans. Pode-se dizer diante dos resultados encontrados que o nível de escolaridade está associado à maior ingestão de gorduras na alimentação já que os indivíduos mais escolarizados, de um modo geral, apresentaram maior consumo médio de gorduras. Estes resultados podem sinalizar uma etapa do processo de transição nutricional em que as populações mais favorecidas apresentam piores indicadores para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Por esta razão faz-se necessária a realização de inquéritos alimentares periódicos a fim de monitorar a tendência deste comportamento na população
Abstract: The intake of fat is essential in human nutrition. Lipids actively contribute as precursors in the synthesis of hormones; they are part of the structure of cell membranes and bile, participate in autoimmune response and in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins and ensure the energy intake of the diet. However, the excess intake of this nutrient represents a risk for the development of several chronic diseases and the increased intake of fats in the population diet was a remarkable feature in the nutritional transition process. The aim of this dissertation was to analyse the fat intake profile according to the education and sex in the adult population living in the city of Campinas. This is a cross-sectional population-based study which evaluate the diet of 949 adults living in the urban area of Campinas through the instrument 24-hours Recall (R24h). The nutritional composition of the diet was calculated with the NDS-R software version 2007 and for the data analysis was calculated the proportions and estimated the means with its respective confidence interval of 95% using the generalized linear models, based in the distribution of Gamma type, for the asymmetric variables. As results, it could be observed the diet was normal for carbohydrates, fats and proteins, according to the 2005 IOM recommendations, for both men and women and in all educational strata. For the intake of different types of fat, when analysed by sex and education, it was verified for male a greater intake of total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and trans fat among the more educated. Among women, it was observed a greater intake of saturated fat and lower intake of polyunsaturated fat in the more educated strata. The results of the study show that, in general, the intake of certain types of fat is high in the population evaluated and the most consumed fats were those with potential to jeopardize health: saturated and trans fat. Thus, the results affirm that education is associated with a greater intake of fat since the most educated, in general, had a greater mean intake of fat. This results can signalize a stage in the process of nutritional transition where the most rich population have the worst indicators for noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore it is necessary to perform regular food surveys to monitor this behavior trend in the population
Mestrado
Epidemiologia
Mestra em Saúde Coletiva
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Pavão, Jéssica Correia. "FODMAPs in foods: differences between food patterns and countries." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10788.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoFermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols (FODMAP) are poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates, that are rapidly fermented by the intestinal microbiota, with consequent gas production and water retention, leading to the distention of intestinal walls and symptoms associated with functional gut disorders. The low-FODMAP diet is an individualized dietary strategy design to reduce the FODMAP intake in order to achieve symptoms control. The knowledge about the FODMAP content of foods allows a more accurate implementation of the diet. Furthermore, there are factors capable of influencing the FODMAP content of foods that may present an opportunity to manipulate foods and reduce their FODMAP content. Regional crop varieties may also influence in the FODMAP intake since each country has their own food habits. Most of the information about FODMAP content of foods is prevenient from Australia. In North America and Europe, this approach is growing. In Eastern countries the limited knowledge may lead to other practicality challenges. This review of literature aims to identify the differences in the FODMAP content between different foods and dietary patterns of various countries. Also, it aims to verify whether other factors could influence the final FODMAP content. This review was elaborated through an online bibliographic search using electronic PubMed database. There is not much information about the FODMAP content of regions-specific foods. Nevertheless, it is possible to manipulate the FODMAP content and adapt the dietary pattern in order to reduce the FODMAP intake, but also, to acknowledge cultural differences.
Oligossacarídeos, dissacarídeos, monossacarídeos fermentáveis e polióis (FODMAP) são hidratos de carbono de cadeia curta mal absorvidos e rapidamente fermentáveis pelas bactérias intestinais, com consequente produção de gás e retenção de água, que distendem as paredes intestinais e induzem sintomas associados a desordens intestinais funcionais. A dieta pobre em FODMAPs é uma estratégia dietética individualizada formulada para reduzir o consumo de FODMAPs e controlar os sintomas. Conhecer o conteúdo em FODMAP dos alimentos leva à implementação mais precisa desta dieta. Existem ainda outros fatores capazes de influenciar o conteúdo em FODMAPs dos alimentos que podem ser uma oportunidade para manipular alimentos e reduzir o conteúdo em FODMAPs. Variedades culturais poderão também influenciar o consumo de FODMAPs pois cada país possui hábitos alimentares característicos. A informação acerca do conteúdo em FODMAP advém maioritariamente da Austrália. Na América do Norte e Europa esta abordagem está a crescer. Nos países Orientais o conhecimento limitado leva a desafios práticos. Esta revisão da literatura objetiva identificar as diferenças no conteúdo de FODMAP entre diferentes alimentos e padrões alimentares em vários países. Além disso, visa verificar a influência de outros fatores no conteúdo final de FODMAPs. Esta revisão foi elaborada através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica online com recurso à base de dados eletrónica PubMed. Existe pouca informação sobre o conteúdo em FODMAPs de alimentos específicos de cada região. No entanto, é possível manipular o conteúdo em FODMAP e adaptar os padrões alimentares de modo a reduzir a ingestão de FODMAPs e reconhecer diferenças culturais.
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Fernandes, Mayra Pacheco. "Construção e validação de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar para avaliar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos em pré-escolares." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3892.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Durante a infância, a combinação do dente imaturo recém-irrompido em um meio bucal com microbiota cariogênica e frequente ingestão de carboidratos fermentáveis pode proporcionar dentes muitos suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de lesão de cárie. Os métodos de investigação do consumo de alimentos são considerados ferramentas básicas da epidemiologia nutricional devido à importância da dieta na etiologia de diversas enfermidades, entre elas a cárie dentária, a qual tem sido evidenciada em pesquisas epidemiológicas. No entanto, avaliar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos ainda é um desafio pela inexistência de instrumentos dietéticos validados com esta finalidade. Por este motivo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo criar e validar um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA) para analisar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos entre pré-escolares. Foi desenvolvido um QFA quantitativo contendo 24 alimentos que apresentam potencial cariogênico. Foram incluídas na amostra oitenta e nove crianças com idade entre três e seis anos que estavam aguardando atendimento no Ambulatório da Unidade Clínica Infantil da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, sendo 37 do sexo masculino e 52 do sexo feminino. Durante a entrevista o(a) responsável respondia se a criança havia consumido o alimento descrito no QFA no último ano, a frequência de consumo (por dia, semana, mês ou ano) e a porção consumida. A seguir, era perguntado sobre a ingestão alimentar da criança no dia anterior à entrevista. Após, o instrumento foi submetido a um processo de validação, através da comparação dos dados obtidos através do QFA com um método de referência, ou seja, o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas (R24hs). Os alimentos e preparações constantes nos recordatórios foram analisados em relação à composição calórica e de nutrientes no programa ADS Nutri. Os dados dos QFAs foram duplamente digitados em planilhas do programa Excel. A validade foi avaliada comparando os dados de ingestão média de nutrientes obtidos a partir do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar com dados da ingestão de nutrientes obtidos no recordatório alimentar do dia anterior, sendo utilizados os Coeficientes de Correlação de Pearson para avaliar a associação entre as estimativas de ingestão de nutrientes entre os instrumentos. O consumo médio dos nutrientes foi maior quando avaliado pelos recordatórios, enquanto apenas a ingestão de energia e carboidratos foram maiores no QFA. Ao fazer as analises ajustadas para calorias ingeridas, o consumo médio dos nutrientes se manteve igual. A análise estatística revelou que na análise bruta, apesar de se observar correlações positivas e significativas entres os dois métodos, as mesmas apresentaram valores baixos. Já na análise ajustada todos as correlações perderam a significância e, além disso, apresentaram coeficientes de correlação muito baixos, o que não permitiu a validação do questionário. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que o QFA desenvolvido não foi válido para analisar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos em pré-escolares, sendo necessária a realização de nova tentativa de validação, comparando o QFA a outro método de avaliação de ingestão.
During childhood, the combination of immature tooth newly erupted in a oral environment with cariogenic and frequent intake of fermentable carbohydrates microbiota can provide many teeth susceptible to developing caries. The food consumption of the research methods are considered basic tools of nutritional epidemiology because of the importance of diet in the etiology of various diseases, including tooth decay, which has been shown in epidemiological research. However, evaluating the consumption of cariogenic foods is still a challenge for the lack of dietary validated instruments for this purpose. For this reason, the present study aimed to create and validate a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to analyze the consumption of cariogenic foods among preschoolers. A quantitative FFQ containing 24 foods that have cariogenic potential was developed. Were sampled eighty-nine children aged between three and six years who were waiting for service at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, with 37 males and 52 females. During the interview (a) responsible answered whether the child had consumed the food described in FFQ in the last year, the frequency of consumption (per day, week, month or year) and the consumed portion. Next, was asked about the food intake of the child the day before the interview. After the instrument was subjected to a validation process, by comparing the data obtained from the FFQ with a reference method, that is, dietary recall the previous day (R24hs). Food and preparations listed in the recalls were analyzed for caloric and nutrient composition in ADS Nutri program. Data from QFAs were double entered in Excel spreadsheets. Validity was assessed by comparing the average intake of nutrient data obtained from the Food Frequency Questionnaire with nutrient intake data obtained in the previous day food recall, the Pearson correlation coefficients being used to evaluate the association between estimated nutrient intake between instruments. The average intake of nutrients was higher when evaluated by the recall, while only the intake of energy and carbohydrates were higher in the FFQ. By doing the analysis adjusted for energy intake, the average consumption of nutrients remained the same. Statistical analysis revealed that the crude analysis, although we did see a positive correlations between the two methods, they showed low values. In the adjusted analysis of all the correlations lost significance and, furthermore, show low correlation coefficients, which did not allow validation of the questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that the FFQ developed was not valid to analyze the consumption of cariogenic foods in preschool, being necessary to perform retry validation by comparing the FFQ to another intake assessment method.
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França, Natasha Aparecida Grande de. "Associação entre o padrão alimentar e a densidade mineral óssea de mulheres menopausadas com osteoporose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21102014-105421/.
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Introdução: A osteoporose requer estratégias para prevenir sua progressão, garantindo melhores condições de vida aos pacientes. Padrões alimentares fornecem informações sobre a influência da dieta global, contribuindo para o cuidado desses indivíduos. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o padrão alimentar e a densidade mineral óssea de mulheres menopausadas com osteoporose. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal com 156 mulheres (> 45 anos), atendidas em ambulatório da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO; g/cm2) da coluna (CL), fêmur total (FT), colo do fêmur (CF) e corpo total (CT) foram obtidas por absorciometria de feixe duplo. Peso (kg), estatura (m), Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC; kg/m2), gordura corporal (g), massa magra (g) e informações sobre os hábitos de vida também foram obtidos. A dieta foi avaliada por registro alimentar de 3 dias. Os padrões alimentares (PA) foram derivados via análise fatorial por componentes principais a partir de 13 grupos de alimentos. Utilizou-se regressão linear múltipla ajustada para ingestão energética e de cálcio, idade, tempo de menopausa e massa magra. Também foi conduzida ANOVA Two-way para avaliar a associação integrada dos PA com o IMC sobre a DMO, seguida de regressão linear estratificada pelas categorias de IMC. Adotou-se significância de 5 por cento . Resultados: Obteve-se 5 PA: 1) Saudável (frutas, hortaliças, tubérculos e raízes); 2) Carne vermelha e cereais refinados; 3) Laticínios magros; 4) Doces, café e chás; e 5) Ocidental (sucos artificiais, refrigerantes, snacks, pizzas, tortas e gorduras). O padrão Doces, café e chás foi inversamente associado à DMO do FT ( = -0.178; CI 95 por cento : -0.039 - -0.000) e à DMO do CT ( = -0,320; CI 95 por cento : -0,059 - -0,017). O padrão Saudável apresentou associação positiva com a DMO do FT entre as mulheres com IMC normal ( = 0,251; CI 95 por cento : 0,002 0,056). Conclusão: Uma dieta com elevada ingestão de doces, café e chás teve associação negativa com a DMO do fêmur e corpo total, enquanto o PA Saudável foi positivamente associado à DMO do fêmur entre aquelas com IMC normal.Introduction: Osteoporosis claims for strategies to preventing disease progression, ensuring a better quality of life to patients. Dietary patterns could provide information about the influence of overall diet on osteoporosis treatment, contributing to osteoporotic care. Objective: To investigate the association between dietary patterns and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 156 postmenopausal osteoporotic women, over 45 y, attended in an outpatient clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Bone Mineral Density (BMD; g/cm2) of Lumbar Spine (LS), Total Femur (TF), Femoral Neck (FN), and Total Body (TB) were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weight (kg), height (m), Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2), body fat (g), lean mass (g) and lifestyle information were also assessed. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 3-day food diary. Dietary patterns were obtained by principal component factor in the 13 previously formed food groups. Adjusted linear regression analysis was applied in order to evaluate the predict effect of dietary patterns on BMD. Two-way ANOVA was used to investigate the association between dietary patterns and BMI with BMD, followed by a linear regression model stratified by BMI categories. Significance level was set as 5 per cent . Results: Five patterns were retained: 1) Healthy (vegetables, fruits, tubers, and tuberous roots); 2) Red meat and refined cereals; 3) Low-fat dairy; 4) Sweets, coffee and tea; and 5) Western (fats, snacks, pizzas, pies, soft drinks, and fruit drinks). The Sweets, coffee, and tea pattern was inversely associated with TF BMD ( = -0.178; CI 95 per cent : -0.039 - -0.000) and with TB BMD ( = -0.320; CI 95 per cent : -0.059 - -0.017), whereas the Healthy pattern was positively associated with TF BMD only among those who were in the normal BMI category ( = 0.251; CI 95 per cent : 0.002 0.056). Conclusions: A diet with higher intake of Sweets, coffee, and tea was a negatively associated with TF and TB BMD, whereas a Healthy pattern showed a positive association with TF BMD among the women with normal BMI.
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Melim, Ema Margarida Gonçalves. "Achieving a planetary health diet: red meat and legumes availability in Portugal." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8520.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoAims: The global food system has strong implications in the depletion of natural resources, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. To face the current challenges, a planetary health diet was recently proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, serving as a guide to the implementation of diets aligned with the environmental boundaries of the planet. The aim of this paper is to compare the planetary health diet recommendations with the current consumption of legumes and red meat in Portugal, exploring different policy strategies that promote healthy and environmentally sustainable eating patterns in the country. Methods: Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Food Balance Sheets regarding legumes and red meat supply was used, as well as Statistics Portugal data for production and consumption of red meat, and National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey concerning consumption of both legumes and red meat. Results: The national consumption of red meat is four times above (68g/day) the recommendations for a healthy and sustainable diet while legumes consumption is three times below (24g/day) what is recommended, reflecting a nutritional transition to a westernized food pattern, both unhealthy and unsustainable. Conclusions: Integrated policies that promote increased information and awareness regarding sustainable diets and effective changes in the food environment that facilitate sustainable food choices by consumers are essential to support a dietary shift in the country towards plant-based diets aligned with the planetary boundaries and sustainable development goals.
Objetivos: O sistema alimentar global tem fortes implicações na degradação ambiental do planeta e alterações climáticas. Recentemente, foi proposta uma dieta de saúde planetária pela EAT-Lancet Commission que serve de referência para a promoção de padrões alimentares alinhados com os limites ambientais do planeta. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o consumo de leguminosas e de carne vermelha em Portugal no âmbito da recente referência planetária, explorando possíveis estratégias políticas que promovam a transição para uma alimentação ambientalmente mais sustentável no país. Metodologias: Foram utilizados dados das Balanças Alimentares da Food and Agriculture Organization relativos à disponibilidade de leguminosas e carne vermelha, dados estatísticos do Instituto Nacional de Estatística sobre produção e consumo de carne vermelha, e dados do Inquérito Alimentar Nacional e de Atividade Física relativamente ao consumo de leguminosas e carne vermelha. Resultados: O consumo nacional de carne vermelha encontra-se aproximadamente quatro vezes acima (68g/d) das recomendações para uma dieta de saúde planetária enquanto que o consumo de leguminosas se encontra três vezes abaixo (24g/d) do recomendado, refletindo uma transição nutricional para um padrão alimentar mais ocidentalizado, pouco saudável e insustentável. Conclusões: Políticas integradas que promovam a informação e a sensibilização para uma alimentação sustentável e a modificação do ambiente alimentar que facilite escolhas mais sustentáveis pelos consumidores são essenciais para que o padrão alimentar em Portugal se aproxime da dieta planetária, contribuindo ainda para os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável e alterações climáticas.
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Botelho, Juliana Nunes 1983. "Cariogenicity of the combination of sucrose with starch and effect of fluoride toothpaste on enamel and dentine demineralization : Cariogenicidade da combinação de sacarose com amido e efeito de dentifrício fluoretado na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289272.
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Orientador: Jaime Aparecido CuryTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Sacarose é o carboidrato mais cariogênico da dieta e o amido é considerado não cariogênico para esmalte e moderadamente cariogênico para dentina. Por outro lado, a combinação de amido e sacarose (amido+sacarose) tem sido considerada mais cariogênica que apenas sacarose, mas esse ainda é um assunto em debate. Além do mais, o efeito do dentifrício fluoretado na cariogenicidade dessa combinação é desconhecido. Assim, com o objetivo de estudar esse assunto três experimentos foram conduzidos: (i) o primeiro avaliou efeito de amido+sacarose na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina, usando um modelo de biofilme de S. mutans modificado pela adição de saliva para simular a ação da amilase, (ii) o segundo avaliou in situ o efeito do dentifrício contendo 1.100 µg F/g (DF) na progressão da desmineralização da dentina radicular, e o terceiro (iii) avaliou in situ o efeito do fluoreto no potencial cariogênico de amido+sacarose na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina. In vitro, biofilmes de S. mutans foram formados sobre blocos de esmalte e dentina radicular, por 5 e 4 dias respectivamente, em meio de cultura contendo saliva e expostos a um dos seguintes tratamentos: amido a 1%, sacarose a 10% ou de sua combinação (8x/dia). Os biofilmes foram analisados quanto às suas composições bioquímicas e microbiológicas, e a desmineralização dos blocos foi avaliada. Biofilmes expostos à combinação foram mais acidogênicos (p<0,0001) e provocaram maior desmineralização (p<0,0001) no esmalte e dentina que o efeito dos carboidratos isolados. In situ, o efeito do DF foi testado em um estudo piloto, cruzado no qual sacarose a 10% foi aplicada extraoralmente 8x/dia em 2 fases de 14 dias. Após 10 e 14 dias em cada fase, a desmineralização da dentina foi avaliada. O efeito do dentifrício foi significativo (p<0,0001), mas o efeito do tempo não (p>0,05). Esses resultados sugerem que o DF com 1.100 µg F/g é capaz de diminuir a cárie dentinária mesmo sob alto desafio cariogênico de acúmulo de biofilme e exposição à sacarose. In situ, o efeito dos tratamentos (água, amido a 2%, sacarose a 10% e amido+sacarose) e o efeito do dentifrício (não fluoretado e fluoretado) foram testados em um estudo cruzado, cego, boca-dividida em 4 fases de 14 dias. Os voluntários usaram dois dos tratamentos 8x/dia e um dos dentifrícios 3x/dia. O efeito dos fatores (dentifrício e tratamentos) foram significativos (p<0,05) para esmalte e dentina, mas a interação não (p>0,05). Os resultados sugerem que, independente do desafio cariogênico provocado pelos diferentes carboidratos da dieta testados, o dentifrício fluoretado é efetivo na redução da desmineralização de esmalte e dentina. Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que amido deve aumentar o potencial cariogênico da sacarose mas que fluoreto de dentifrício é capaz de reduzir a desmineralização tanto do esmalte quanto da dentina provocada pela combinação desses carboidratos
Abstract: Sucrose is the most cariogenic dietary carbohydrate while starch is considered non-cariogenic for enamel and slightly cariogenic for dentine. The combination starch and sucrose (starch+sucrose) has been considered more cariogenic than sucrose alone but this subject remains debatable. Also, the effect of fluoride toothpaste on the cariogenicity of this combination is unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate: (i) the effect of starch+sucrose on enamel and dentine demineralization using an S. mutans biofilm model modified by adding human saliva to simulate amylase action; (ii) the in situ effect of fluoride toothpaste (FT) containing 1100 µg F/g on dentine demineralization progression; and (iii) the in situ effect of fluoride on the cariogenic potential of starch+sucrose on enamel and dentine demineralization. In vitro, S. mutans biofilms were grown on enamel and root dentine slabs for 5 and 4 days, respectively, in a saliva-containing medium and exposed to the following treatment: 1% starch; 10% sucrose; or starch+sucrose (8x/day). Biofilms were then analyzed for their biochemical and microbiological compositions, and dental demineralization was evaluated. Biofilms exposed to starch+sucrose were more acidogenic (p < 0.0001) and caused higher demineralization (p < 0.0001) on either enamel or dentine than those exposed to each carbohydrate alone. The in situ effect of FT on dentine demineralization was tested in a pilot crossover study, in which 10% sucrose was applied extra-orally to the slabs 8x/day in 2 phases of 14 days each. At days 10 and 14 of each phase, dentine demineralization was evaluated. The effect of toothpaste was significant (p<0.0001), but the effect of time was not (p>0.05). The results suggest that FT at 1100 µg F/g can reduce dentine demineralization even under high cariogenic challenges - biofilm accumulation and sugar exposure. The in situ effect of the treatments (water, 2% starch, 10% sucrose and starch+sucrose) and that of the toothpastes (non-FT and FT) were tested in a crossover, single-blind and split-mouth study conducted in 4 phases of 14 days each. The volunteers used two of the treatments 8 times/day and one of the toothpastes 3 times/day. The effect of the factors (toothpaste and treatments) was significant (p<0.05) for enamel and dentine, but not (p>0.05) for the interaction. The findings suggest that, regardless of the cariogenic challenge provoked by the different sources of the dietary sugars tested, fluoride toothpaste is effective in reducing enamel and dentine demineralization. In conclusion, the results suggest that starch may enhance the cariogenic potential of sucrose and fluoride from toothpaste reduces enamel and dentine demineralization caused by the combination of these carbohydrates
Doutorado
Cariologia
Doutora em Odontologia
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WANSAPURA, ARSHANI N. "CHANGES IN FOOD SOURCES OF SODIUM IN THE DIETS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RESPONSE TO A DIETARY INTERVENTION EMPHASIZING A DASH TYPE DIET." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1154703684.
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Sánchez, Carracedo David. "Hábitos alimentarios y restricción en jóvenes adolescentes con obesidad y peso normal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670543.
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En la parte teórica de la tesis se discuten los aspectos más importantes relacionados con la obesidad, como los hábitos alimentarios y la restricción, y las relaciones entre estos elementos. La parte empírica comienza con la exposición de los principales objetivos. Las principales variables examinadas son la obesidad, el sexo, los hábitos alimentarios, la preocupación por la dieta y el seguimiento de dietas. Se estudian las relaciones entre estas variables. Un total de 673 chicas y chicos de 15-17 años de edad de la ciudad de Barcelona constituyeron la muestra de estudio. Las chicas tienden a presentar hábitos alimentarios más restrictivos que los chicos. La prevalencia de obesidad fue del 17,1%, con un 14,3% de obesidad leve (20-40% de sobrepeso), y un 2,9% de obesidad moderada (40-100% de sobrepeso). no se ha observado ningún caso de obesidad severa (+100% de sobrepeso). Los resultados no confirman la existencia de un "estilo de alimentación obeso" y contradicen la "hipótesis de externalidad" de Schachter. Las tasas de restricción son mayores en chicas. Un 89,6% de los sujetos altamente preocupados por la dieta eran chicas.
Un 16,3% de la muestra general (25,6% de chicas y 4,2% de chicos) hacían dieta. El seguimiento de dietas en sujetos con peso normal fue del 12% en contraste con el 34,1% de los sujetos obesos. Estos porcentajes no variaron con el sexo. Se ha observado una importante relación positiva entre peso relativo y preocupación por la dieta. Los datos indican una elevada prevalencia de restricción en nuestros jóvenes, especialmente en chicas y en sujetos obesos. Estos últimos presentan una menor externalidad que los sujetos con peso normal, independientemente de su nivel de restricción. Estos y otros datos indican que la restricción se manifiesta de forma diferente en sujetos con obesidad y peso normal. Aparentemente, la teoría de la restricción no parece del todo aplicable a los sujetos con obesidad.
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Amorim, Aline Guimarães. "Magnésio na dieta de praticantes de musculação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-29012015-154119/.
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O estudo avaliou o consumo de magnésio na dieta de praticantes de musculação (n = 15) de acordo com as novas Ingestões Dietéticas de Referência (lDRs). Também foram identificados os alimentos fonte de magnésio na dieta do grupo estudado e em maratonistas da mesma faixa etária, para serem reproduzidos e analisados em seu conteúdo de magnésio total. Desta forma, podem-se comparar os resultados obtidos em laboratório com os encontrados em tabelas de composição de alimentos. Realizando-se ainda a validação de metodologia de determinação de magnésio total. O consumo dietético de Mg (média±desvio padrão) foi 323±115 mgMg/d e 115±26 mgMg/1000kcal na faixa dos 19-30 anos e 345±110 mgMg/d e 110±18 mgMg/1000kcal na faixa dos 31 a 50 anos, sem diferenças significantes entre os grupos estudados. Neste quadro, 5 praticantes de musculação tinham a probabilidade mínima de 70% de estarem com a ingestão usual de Mg adequada, enquanto 6 mostraram a probabilidade mínima de 70% de ingestão usual de Mg inadequada. Deve-se ainda ressaltar um melhor aporte dietético do mineral em questão, enfatizando um maior consumo de alimentos com maior conteúdo de magnésio. As principais fontes alimentares de Mg para o grupo da musculação foram banana, bife, batata cozida, espinafre cozido, feijão, leite semi-desnatado e aveia em flocos. Já para os maratonistas estas foram representadas por banana, farinha de milho, farelo de aveia, feijão, bife, peixe cozido, quiabo, achocolatado em pó, pão integral e mandioca . A curva de calibração de magnésio encontrado foi linear (r = 0,9999), apresentando LO e LQ (Média±desvio padrão) 0,15±0,17 e 0,48±0,55 µgMg/mL. Para determinação de magnésio total os padrões de referência certificado (NIST) e secundário (AIN93G) apresentaram coeficiente de variação (c.v.) 4,4 e 3,2 %, respectivamente. Porém, a concentração obtida no padrão NIST foi significativamente menor (p<0,05) que o valor esperado. Os alimentos analisados tiveram c.v. dentro do limite estabelecido (10%). No padrão AIN93G e no farelo de aveia não foi observada interferência da matriz .O conteúdo de magnésio total encontrado nas marcas de água mineral analisadas variou de 0,5 a 1,2 mgMg/100g. Apesar dos valores estarem acima do encontrado, mesmo assim a água não contribui com o consumo dietético de magnésio acima de 7% da EAR, considerando a ingestão de 2 litro/d de água. Dentre os alimentos submetidos à cocção, o quiabo, o espinafre, a mandioca e o feijão tiveram diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre as formas cruas e processadas. As marcas de farinha de milho, farelo de aveia, pão integral e achocolatado em pó analisadas estão diferentes dos valores esperados, provavelmente devido à diferente origem dos alimentos encontrados nas tabelas de composição utilizadas.The study evaluated the magnesium comsuption in body building\'s diet (n = 15) according to the new Dietary Reference Intakes (IDRs). Magnesium\'s food sources also were identified of the studied group and in marathon runners\' diet of the same age, so they could be reproduced and analyzed in its total magnesium content. This way, the obtained results in laboratory could becompared with the ones found in food composition tables, also conducting the validity of total magnesium\'s determination methodology . The magnesium dietary consumption (average±standard deviation) was 323±115 mgMg/d and 115±26 mgMg/1000kcal in the the 19-30 year-old group and 345±110 mgMg/d and 110±18 mgMg/1000kcal in the 31 to 50 year-old group, without significant differences among the studied groups. In this scenario, 5 body building athletes had the minimum probability of 70% of adequate magnesium\'s usual ingestion, while 6 showed at least 70% of minimum probability of inadequate magnesium\'s usual ingestion. Should be done a better dietary contribution of the mineral in question, emphasizing a larger food consumption with higher magnesium content. The main boby builders\' Mg food sources were banana, steak, cooked potato, cooked spinach, bean, semi-skimmed milk and oat flakes. Also, for the marathon runners these were represented by banana, com flour, oat bran, bean, steak, cooked fish, okra, chocolate powder, whole-meal bread and cassava. The calibration curve found for magnesium was linear (r = 0,9999), presenting DL and QL O, 15±0, 17 and 0,48±0,55 mgMg/mL In total magnesium determination the certified reference material (NIST) and secundary reference material (AIN93G) presented a variation coefficient (c.v.) of 4,4 and 3,2%, respectively. Even so, the obtained concentration in the NIST reference material was significantly smaller (p <0,05) than the expected value. The analyzed foods had c.v. below the established limit (10%). In the AIN93G reference material and in the oat bran no matrix\'s interference were observed . The total magnesium content found in the analyzed brands of mineral water ranged from 0,5 to 1,2 mgMg/100g. In spite the values above the expected ones, the water doesn\'t contribute with the dietary consumption of magnesium above 7% of EAR, considering the ingestion of 2 liter/d of water. Among the foods submitted to cooking process, okra, spinach, cassava and bean had significant differences (p <0,05) among raw and processed forms. The corn flour, oat bran, whole-meal bread and chocolate powder\'s brands analyzed are different from the expected values, probably due to the different origin of the foods found in the used composition tables.
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Furfuro, Taynah Lara. "Consequências metabólicas das dietas paleolítica e vegetariana/vegan." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9667.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoCom o passar do tempo, os padrões alimentares sofreram processos de ramificação de modo a adequarem-se a diferentes necessidades, surgindo abordagens dietéticas díspares. Como tal, o objetivo desta investigação é identificar consequências metabólicas de duas destas vertentes: a dieta paleolítica e a dieta vegetariana/vegan. Assim, foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica com as expressões “paleolithic diet AND metabolism” e “vegetarian diet AND metabolism” na base de dados PubMed e Scielo. Por um lado, a dieta paleolítica tenta reproduzir um padrão alimentar mais próximo do dos nossos ancestrais, preferindo alimentos provenientes da terra, da caça e da pesca. Alguns estudos levantam a hipótese desta dieta apresentar benefícios na síndrome metabólica. No entanto, pode promover um aumento do risco de deficiências vitamínicas e minerais devido às restrições específicas inerentes a esta dieta. Por outro lado, o vegetarianismo é um termo bastante vasto pois inclui diferentes vertentes dependendo dos alimentos de origem animal que exclui sendo, de uma forma geral, uma dieta à base de alimentos de origem vegetal. É estudada por diversos investigadores que admitem a possibilidade da mesma diminuir o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Contudo, a adoção de uma dieta vegetariana/vegan desequilibrada acarreta um aumento do risco de carências de alguns micronutrientes derivadas da exclusão de grupos alimentares. Assim, apesar de serem necessários mais estudos que clarifiquem os possíveis benefícios e riscos de cada dieta, é possível concluir que qualquer uma delas deve ser devidamente acompanhada nutricionalmente para permitir um aporte adequado de todos os nutrientes necessários para a saúde.
Over time, the dietary patterns undergone branching process to adapt to dissimilar needs, hence arising different dietary approaches. As such, the purpose of this investigation is to identify the metabolic consequences of two of said strands: the Paleolithic diet and the vegetarian/ vegan diet. On this account, a literature research was made applying the expressions “paleolithic diet AND metabolism” and “vegetarian diet AND metabolism” in the PubMed and Scielo database. On one hand, the Paleolithic diet tries to reproduce a dietary pattern closer to those of our ancestors, mainly adopting foods from the land, hunting and fishing. Some studies suggest that the metabolic syndrome benefits from this diet, however, it can also promote an increased risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to its specific dietary restrictions. On the other hand, vegetarianism is an extremely broad term, as it includes different regards depending on which animal products are being excluded, however being, in general, a plant-based diet. Researchers admit the possibility of it decreasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases; nevertheless, embracing an unbalanced vegetarian/ vegan diet leads to an increased risk of some micronutrient’s deficiencies due to the exclusion of certain food groups. As follows, granting more studies should be carried out to elucidate the possible benefits and downsides of each diet, embracing any of these should go along with a well considered plan that includes all nutrients indispensable for one’s health.
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Biffe, Bruna Gabriele [UNESP]. "Influência do ganho de massa corporal, induzido por dieta rica em sacarose, em parâmetros biométricos, bioquímicos e biofísicos de ratos Wistar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88610.
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biffe_bg_me_araca.pdf: 10135503 bytes, checksum: 46ae6716b47784e43923a7349a55d938 (MD5)Obesidade e osteoporose são doenças crônicas de saúde pública que compartilham características e prevalência cada vez mais relevantes. Com a finalidade de analisar a influência da obesidade induzida por dieta rica em sacarose em parâmetros biométricos, bioquímicos e biofísicos, ratos Wistar machos com 3 meses de idade, foram divididos em grupo C -Controle (n=10), com livre acesso à ração e água e grupo S -Sacarose (n=10), submetidos às mesmas condições do grupo 1 controle e suplementados com sacarose a 30% (p/v). O período experimental foi de 8 semanas. Foram mensurados também massa corporal, ingestão de líquidos, consumo de ração, glicemia, tecido adiposo abdominal, concentrações de cálcio, fósforo, fosfatase alcalina, leptina e insulina. As tíbias foram desarticuladas e dissecadas para análises biofísicas. A densidade mineral óssea foi, avaliada por densitômetro ósseo padrão; a densidade radiográfica por meio do programa computacional de. análise de imagens - lMAGE J; a resistência óssea foi determinada por ensaio mecânico destrutivo; a quantidade de material mineral ósseo por meio da calcinação e a conectividade trabecular foi analisada por microtomografia óssea. Durante o período experimental os animais do grupo C consumiram quantidade maior de água e ração, porém a massa corporal final foi menor que a do grupo S. Neste grupo, a sobrecarga calórica oferecida aos animais, durante oito semanas, resultou em aumento no consumo energético, massa corporal, glicemia, concentração plasmática de leptina e de tecido adiposo abdominal. Entretanto, não apresentou diferença significativa na concentração plasmática de insulina. Na análise biofísica do tecido ósseo foi evidenciada...
Obesity and osteoporosis are chronic diseases of public health importance that share characteristics and increasingly and relevant prevalence. In order to analyze the influence of obesity induced by sucrose- rich diet in biometric, biochemical and biophysical parameters Wistar rats at 3 months of age were divided into two group: C - ControI (n = 10), with free access to food and water and S -Sucrose (n = 10) subjected to the same conditions of control group and supplemented with 30% sucrose (p/v), during 8 weeks. Measures of body mass, fluid intake, feed intake, blood glucose, abdominal adipose tissue, concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, leptin and insulin were taken. The tibias were disarticulated and dissected for biophysical analysis. Bone mineral density was assessed by standard bone densitometer; the radiographic image by the computer program of image analysis -IMAGE J; bane strength was determined by destructive mechanical testing; quantification of bone mineral material by calcination and trabecular connectivity was analyzed by microtomography bone. During the experimental period, animaIs in the control group (C) consumed higher amounts of food and water, but the body mass was smaller than the group receiving sucrose (S). In this group, the caloric load given to the animaIs for eight weeks resulted in increased energy consumption, body mass, glycemia, leptin plasmatic and abdominal faro However, the plasma insulin concentration was not altered. Biophysical analysis of bone tissue revealed lower bane density (DXA) for the group S when compared to the initial density within the same group. However, there was no significant difference in the final comparison between group C and S. Radiographic density showed lower density (mmAL) in the group S. There were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Sheats, Horace Clifton. "Effects of energy through-put and food attitude patterns in response to food choice, amount and combination while following a strength training and aerobic exercise program." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391147.
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Celestini, Analisa. "Associação entre níveis pressóricos e o consumo alimentar de uma dieta tipo DASH em indivíduos adultos de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14813.
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Fundamento: Recomendações para controle da hipertensão contemplam controle de peso, restrição de sódio e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, além de adesão à dieta DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension). Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre consumo de dieta tipo DASH e pressão arterial, na população adulta de Porto Alegre. População e Métodos: Estudo transversal (Síndrome de Obesidade e Fatores de Risco para Obesidade -SOFT), desenvolvido em uma amostra populacional, incluiu 1629 indivíduos com 18 a 90 anos de idade. Entrevistas domiciliares foram feitas por entrevistadores treinados, utilizando-se instrumentos padronizados que incluíam questionário de freqüência alimentar validado na mesma população. Foram aferidos peso e altura, além de pressão arterial (quatro medidas), utilizando-se equipamento automático (OMRON CP705). Estimouse a ingestão diária e foram calculados os grupos alimentares de frutas, vegetais, laticínios dietéticos e grãos integrais, que constituíram o Escore DASH. Análise de variância, regressão linear múltipla e regressão logística foram utilizadas para as análises. Resultados: Cerca de 21% da população ingeriu dieta tipo DASH. Indivíduos no quintil inferior de consumo de frutas apresentaram médias de pressão sistólica (129,4 ±1,1 mmHg) e diastólica (78,2 ±0,7 mmHg) superiores às do quintil mais elevado (125,3 ±1.1 and 76,9 ±0,7 mmHg, respectivamente), o mesmo aplicando-se a laticínios totais e dietéticos e grãos integrais (apenas para pressão sistólica). Escore DASH associou-se inversamente com hipertensão; comparativamente ao quintil superior, participantes situados no primeiro quintil apresentaram risco independente cerca de quatorze vezes maior (OR= 14,4; 95%CI: 1,8- 117,9). Conclusões: População adulta de Porto Alegre consome componentes da dieta DASH, mas apenas um quinto apresentou padrão tipo DASH, confirmando-se os benefícios sobre a pressão arterial em contexto populacional.Background: Recommendations for the control of hypertension include weight control, the restriction of sodium intake and the consumption of alcoholic beverages, as well as adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Objective: To evaluate the association between consumption of a DASH-type diet and blood pressure within the adult population of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Population and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population-based sampling of 1629 adults between 18 and 90 years old. Interviews were conducted at participants’ homes by certified interviewers, using standardized protocols, including a food frequency questionnaire validated for this population. Weight and height were measured, in addition to blood pressure (four measurements), using a automated validate device (OMRON CP-705). Daily dietary intakes were estimated and categorized into the alimentary groups of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and whole grains that make up the DASH score. Analyses of variance, multiple linear regression, and multivariate logistic regression were undertaken for this study. Results: Approximately 21% of the population consumed a DASH-type diet. Individuals in the lower quintile of fruit consumption had higher systolic (129.4 ±1.1 mmHg) and diastolic means (78.2 ±0.7 mmHg) than those in the higher quintile (125.3 ±1.1 and 76.9 ±0.7 mmHg, respectively), as well as those participants who consumed regular and low-fat dairy products and of whole grains (for systolic pressure only). The DASH score was inversely and independently associated with hypertension; participants situated in the lower category had nearly fourteen times greater risk than those in the higher category (OR= 14.4; 95%CI: 1.8- 117.9). Conclusions: The adult population of Porto Alegre consumed groups of the DASH diet, but only one fifth presented a DASH-type diet. The present findings confirm the benefits of the DASH diet on blood pressure in a non-intervention setting.
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Kunz, Annemarie [Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Birnbacher, and Simone [Akademischer Betreuer] Dietz. "Was ist eine moralische Erfahrung? / Annemarie Kunz. Betreuer: Dieter Birnbacher. Gutachter: Simone Dietz." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078999147/34.
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Kilchherr, Fabian Verfasser], Hendrik [Akademischer Betreuer] [Dietz, Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Braun, and Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Rief. "Stärke und Kinetik der Stapelwechselwirkung zwischen DNA-Basenpaaren / Fabian Kilchherr. Betreuer: Hendrik Dietz. Gutachter: Dieter Braun ; Hendrik Dietz ; Matthias Rief." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1096458977/34.
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Krachler, Benno. "Diet and Cardiometabolic Disease : Dietary trends and the impact of diet on diabetes and cardiovascular disease." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1369.
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McCormick, Sara Elizabeth. "Influence of dietary saturated fat and diet composition on macronutrient selection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ45545.pdf.
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Peterson, Kelsey. "Development of a facility-specific dietary training program for diet technicians." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1602560.
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The purpose of this project was to develop a facility-specific dietary training program for diet technicians at Center for Discovery, a residential eating disorder treatment program. This dietary training program aimed to educate new diet technicians on how to effectively treat, communicate, and work with individuals with eating disorders.
The dietary training program consists of 10 lessons, each consisting of a lecture, discussion and activity component. Based on current research, this is the most effective lesson format when educating the adult population. Each lesson includes handouts for further reading and a pre- and post-program questionnaire to determine the effectiveness of the program.
An expert panel reviewed the program and provided feedback and recommendations for revisions. For the purpose of this project, the program was not pilot-tested but should be prior to its implementation.
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Silva, Jacqueline Tereza da. "Desenvolvimento de um índice dietético baseado na dieta do Programa Alimentar Cardioprotetor Brasileiro (DICA Br)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-26102016-153740/.
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Introdução: Índices dietéticos (ID) têm sido utilizados para estudar associações entre alimentação e doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Um ID combina e resume aspectos de uma recomendação ou guia alimentar. Esses aspectos geralmente são a quantidade de nutrientes, alimentos ou grupos de alimentos a serem consumidos em um período de tempo (dia / semana / mês). A dieta do Programa Alimentar Brasileiro Cardioprotetor (DICA Br) classificou os alimentos em quatro grupos e definiu a quantidade diária a ser consumida. Uma vez que os aspectos nutricionais do DICA Br são diferentes de outras recomendações alimentares, não é possível utilizar os ID existentes para associar essa dieta com as DCV. Por isso, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de ID que considere as características da DICA Br. Objetivo: Descrever o desenvolvimento do ID DICA Br, avaliar a sua consistência interna, validade de constructo e as características da população associadas ao índice. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados de baseline do ensaio clínico randomizado DICA Br (www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01620398). Os quatro grupos alimentares da dieta estudada foram adotados como componentes do índice. Os critérios para atribuir pontos foram definidos a priori com base nos princípios e recomendações da DICA Br. Cada componente do índice recebeu pontos que variam de 0 a 10, portanto a pontuação total variou de 0 a 40. A consistência interna foi avaliada por meio dos coeficientes de correlação entre a pontuação total e de cada componente do índice, assim como pelo alpha de Cronbach. A validade de constructo foi avaliada verificando como nutrientes se associam com o índice por meio de testes para tendência linear. Análises de regressão linear bruta e ajustada foram realizadas para avaliar as características da população associadas ao índice. Resultados: A análise incluiu 2044 indivíduos (58,6 por cento homens). A média do índice total foi maior entre as mulheres. Os componentes do índice apresentaram baixas correlações entre si e as correlações entre cada componente isolado e o índice total foram >0,40. O alpha de Cronbach foi 0,66. Maiores pontuações no índice estiveram inversamente associadas com o consumo de energia, gordura total, gordura monoinsaturada, colesterol e diretamente associadas com a ingestão de carboidratos e fibras. Homens hipertensos e mulheres diabéticas apresentaram maiores pontuações, enquanto homens fumantes apresentaram menores pontuações. Conclusões: O ID DICA Br apresentou confiabilidade e validade de constructo satisfatórias, refletiu a ingestão de nutrientes chaves e detectou características dos indivíduos que se associam com a DICA Br.Background: The diet of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Programme (BALANCE) classified food into four groups and set the daily amount to be consumed. The nutritional aspects of BALANCE are different from other dietary recommendations, therefore it is not possible to use existing diet indexes (DI) to associate this diet with cardiovascular disease. Objective: To describe the development of BALANCE DI, evaluate its internal consistency, construct validity and population characteristics associated with the index. Methods: We analyzed baseline data from BALANCE randomized clinical trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01620398). The four food groups of the studied diet were adopted as index components. Each index component received points ranging from 0 to 10 and the total score ranged from 0 to 40. The internal consistency was evaluated by means of correlation coefficients between total and each component index score, as well as the Cronbach´s alpha coefficient. The construct validity was assessed by checking how nutrients are associated with the index. Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the characteristics of the population that are associated with the index. Results: The analysis included 2044 subjects (58.6 per cent men). The average of the total index was higher among women. The components of the index showed low correlations with each other and the correlations between each individual component and the total index were > 0.40. Cronbach\'s alpha coefficient was 0.66. High scores in the index were inversely associated with the intake of energy, total fat, monounsaturated fat, cholesterol and directly associated with the intake of carbohydrates and fiber. Hypertensive men and diabetic women had higher scores, while male smokers had lower scores. Conclusions: The BALANCE DI showed satisfactory reliability and construct validity, reflected the intake of key nutrients and detected characteristics of individuals that are associated with the BALANCE diet.
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Costa, Alexandra Ferreira da. "Food neophobia and its association with food preferences and dietary intake of adults." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7568.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoBackground: Food neophobia has been associated with less healthy food choices and with poorer overall dietary quality, but it may also affect food preferences. The objective of this study was to assess the association of both food preferences and dietary intake with food neophobia in a sample of Portuguese adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a non-probabilistic sample of 229 adults, aged 18 to 84 years. Food Neophobia was measured with the Pliner’s and Hobden’s Food Neophobia Scale, previously validated. To assess the dietary intake over the previous 12 months, a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was applied. We defined a dietary pattern - the Healthy Diet Indicator (measuring adherence to dietary guidelines) to summarise the effects of overall dietary intake. Generalised linear models were performed to test those associations in multivariate analyses (β̂ and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), controlled for sex, age and education). Results: Food neophobia was negatively associated with a general liking for the act of eating (β̂=-2.976, 95%CI:-5.324;-0.993) and with reduced preferences for specific foods, such as fruit and vegetables, game meat, oily fish, seafood, fish soup, and traditional Portuguese dishes with blood. Those with higher food neophobia showed a lower consumption of fruits and vegetables, but a higher consumption of milk and codfish, a very popular Portuguese dish. However, food neophobia did not affect the macronutrients and energy intake, as well as sodium, added sugars and fibre intake. Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was not significantly associated with food neophobia. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the food neophobia level decreases the consumption and the preference for specific foods, but has no impact on a healthy dietary pattern.
Introdução: A neofobia alimentar tem sido associada com escolhas alimentares menos saudáveis e com uma menor qualidade da alimentação no geral, mas pode também influenciar as preferências alimentares. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre as preferências e a ingestão alimentar e a neofobia alimentar numa amostra de adultos portugueses. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal numa amostra não probabilística de 229 adultos, com idades entre os 18 e os 84 anos. A Neofobia Alimentar foi avaliada através da Escala de Neofobia de Pliner e Hobden, previamente validada. Para avaliar a ingestão alimentar nos últimos 12 meses, foi aplicado um questionário semi-quantitativo de frequência alimentar anteriormente validado. Foi também definido um padrão alimentar de Alimentação Saudável (que mede a adesão a recomendações dietéticas) para resumir o efeito da ingestão alimentar global. Foram realizados modelos lineares generalizados para testar as associações em análise multivariada (β’ e os respetivos intervalos de confiança a 95% (IC95%), ajustados para sexo, idade e escolaridade). Resultados: A neofobia alimentar associou-se a um menor gosto em geral pelo ato de comer (β̂= -2,976, 95%IC: -5,324; -0,993) e a uma menor preferência por alimentos específicos, como fruta e produtos hortícolas, carne de caça, peixe gordo, marisco, sopa de peixe e alguns pratos tradicionais portugueses. Indivíduos com maior neofobia alimentar apresentaram um menor consumo de hortofrutícolas, mas um maior consumo de leite e bacalhau, um prato popular Português. No entanto, a neofobia alimentar não afetou a ingestão de macronutrientes e de energia, assim como a de sódio, açúcares adicionados e fibras. A adesão a um padrão alimentar saudável não se mostrou significativamente associada à neofobia alimentar. Conclusão: Os nossos resultados indicam que o nível de neofobia alimentar afeta o consumo e a preferência por alimentos específicos, mas não parece ter influência num padrão alimentar saudável.
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Moreiras, Reynaga Diana Karina. "Pre-Columbian diets in the Soconusco revisited : a dietary study through stable isotopic analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44302.
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This MA thesis focuses on the study of pre-Columbian subsistence and dietary patterns through the use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis of human samples (n = 20) recovered from the Acapetahua, Mazatán, and Río Naranjo zones in the Soconusco region—located in the present-day state of Chiapas, México and the Northeastern coast of Guatemala. The stable isotope results in this study demonstrate the heterogeneity of ancient human diets in the Soconusco region, illustrating the complexity of ancient people’s lifeways from the Late Archaic (3500-1900 cal. B.C.) to the Late Postclassic (A.D. 1250-1530) periods. Further, the presence of C₄ plant (i.e., maize) consumption was minor isotopically compared with the consumption of a variety of locally available wild and cultivated food resources. As a result, there is an absence of a clear subsistence transition towards maize agriculture as the main subsistence practice in the region, based on the human samples analyzed in this study. While the quantification of every food source in the diet, including maize, is more difficult without additional data and other lines of evidence, I suggest that other food products like marine, estuarine, and riverine resources, as well as other wild and cultivated plant foods may have been more important in the every-day diets of Soconusco inhabitants across time (particularly at Mazatán). This appears to have been a common pattern indicative of the wide diversity of food resources found in tropical environments across Mesoamerica.
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Wang, Kaipeng. "Acculturation, Sociodemographic and Environmental Determinants of Dietary Intake Among Asian Immigrants in the United States:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107303.
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Thesis advisor: Thanh V. TranResearch has established that dietary quality among Asian immigrants declined after immigrating to the United States, indicated by decreasing intake of healthy food and increasing intake of unhealthy food. There is a need for a broader investigation for the interactive influence of acculturation, sociodemographic and environmental factors on dietary intake among this population. Guided by the Operant Theory of Acculturation, and the Dietary Acculturation Theory, the present study examined the following research questions to address the gaps in the literature: (1) Are acculturation factors associated with dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (2) What sociodemographic factors are associated with dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (3) What environmental factors are associated with dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (4) What sociodemographic factors moderate the effect of acculturation on dietary intake among Asian immigrants? (5) What environmental factors moderate the effect of acculturation on dietary intake among Asian immigrants? The data in use come from the 2011 – 2012 Adult California Health Interview survey. The sample includes 2,122 non-Hispanic Asian adults born out of the United States. Results from negative binomial regression indicate that intake of fruits, vegetables, soda, fries and fast food was all negatively associated with living in the United States for at least 10 years, compared to living in the Unites States for less than 10 years. The present study also found sociodemographic (including ethnicity, age, gender, education, employment status, and income) and environmental factors (including family type, household size, household tenure, housing type, perceived availability of fresh fruits and vegetables, residential area category, and participation in food stamp and WIC) statistically significantly confounded and moderated the association between length of time lived in the United States and dietary intake. Findings from this study extend the understanding of the protective and risk factors for Asian immigrants to develop and maintain healthy diet, and demonstrated the complexity of dietary changes among Asian immigrants. Based on the findings, the importance that social work research and practice in addressing nutrition inequality among Asian immigrants was highlighted. The study also discovered potential issues and challenges of developing measurement for dietary intake among Asian immigrants, and provided empirical evidence of longitudinal research designs to further explain dietary changes, and guidelines for community-based interventions to address strategies of nutrition promotion among Asian immigrants
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Lopes, Raissa do Vale Cardoso. "Fatores dietéticos e persistência da infecção por HPV em homens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21092015-113133/.
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Introdução: Entre as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST), infecções por papilomavírus humano (HPV) são muito comuns. Apesar de frequentemente transitória, quando há persistência da infecção podem surgir lesões que, se não tratadas, podem progredir para o câncer. A disseminação do HPV tende a ser universal entre indivíduos sexualmente ativos, sendo que o homem, além do risco de câncer anal, peniano e da orofaringe, pode ser importante propagador do vírus entre mulheres. No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito da prevalência, incidência e remissão de infecções por HPV em homens. Os alimentos e nutrientes poderiam influenciar a progressão do câncer afetando a susceptibilidade à infecção, alterando o estado nutricional, atuando na probabilidade da infecção se tornar persistente e na progressão a lesões neoplásicas, além de alterar a estabilidade e reparo do DNA. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre nutrientes selecionados e a infecção persistente por HPV em homens. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados secundários de 1248 indivíduos de 18 a 70 anos e que responderam a um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA), obtidos da coorte brasileira de estudo sobre HPV em homens. O QFA foi desenvolvido e validado para a população do estudo, e posteriormente seus dados foram calibrados e ajustados pela energia. Por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney foram avaliadas diferenças nas medianas de ingestão dos nutrientes entre grupos com e sem infecção persistente por HPV oncogênico e não-oncogênico, e realizado teste de tendência. A associação entre os nutrientes e o HPV persistente foi testada por regressão logística. Resultados: Dos 1248 participantes analisados, 1211 (97,0 por cento ) apresentaram infecção por HPV e 781 (62,6 por cento ) apresentaram infecção persistente por HPV, sendo que 458 (36,7 por cento ) tinham infecção persistente por HPV oncogênico e 636 (51,0 por cento ) por HPV não-oncogênico. Para o HPV oncogênico, o grupo sem infecção persistente apresentou maior mediana de ingestão de retinol (p=0,008), vitamina A (p<0,001) e folato (DFE) (p=0,003), além de menor mediana de ingestão de energia (p=0,005) e licopeno (p=0,008). Não houve associação significativa entre os nutrientes selecionados e o HPV persistente oncogênico. Já para o HPV persistente não-oncogênico, a vitamina B12 apresentou associação inversa estatisticamente significativa (p de tendência=0,003). Conclusão: Não houve associação entre ingestão de nutrientes e infecção persistente por HPV oncogênico; e apenas a vitamina B12 mostrou-se inversamente associada com a persistência da infecção por HPV não-oncogênico.Background: HPV infections are the most common among sexually transmitted diseases. Although most frequently transitory, persistent oncogenic-type HPV infection may progress to a precursor lesion and, if not correctly treated, to cancer. The dissemination of HPV tends to be universal in sexually active individuals. Men, besides being in risk to cancer, in special penile and anal cancer, can be the spreader of this virus to women, contributing to the infection, and hence the cervical cancer. However, little is known about this infection in men. Some studies discuss the possible relation between diet and the risk of HPV and the role of food in persistent infections. Food and nutrients could influence carcinogenesis process by affecting nutritional status, susceptibility to infection and by acting in the probability of infection turning persistent and progressing to neoplastic lesions, besides altering DNA repair and stability. Objective: Investigate the relation of selected nutrients and HPV persistent infection in men of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: The study population consisted of 1,248 men from the Brazilian cohort of HIM study, aged from 18 to 70 years old, whose answered a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the baseline. The FFQ was developed and validated for the study population and afterwards calibrated and energy-adjusted. The U Mann-Whitney test was used to assess differences in the medians of nutrient intake between men with persistent and non-persistent infection. The association of dietary intake and persistent HPV infection was assessed in multivariate logistic models. Two independent multivariate logistic regression models were developed, one for oncogenic HPV persistent infection and other for nononcogenic HPV persistent infection. By treating categorical nutrient variables as continuous, it was possible to perform tests for trends. Results: Of 1248 participants analyzed, 1211 (97,0 per cent ) presented HPV infection and 781 (62,6 per cent ) presented persistent HPV infection, whereas 458 (36,7 per cent ) showed persistent infection by oncogenic type and 636 (51,0 per cent ) by nononcogenic type. For oncogenic type, the group with non-persistent infection had higher medians of retinol (p=0,008), vitamin A (p<0,001) and folate (DFE) (p=0,003), besides lower medians of energy (p=0,005) and lycopene (p=0,008). There was no significant association between selected nutrients and persistent oncogenic HPV infection. For nononcogenic persistent infections, only vitamin B12 was significantly associated (p=0,003, test for trend). Conclusion: No association was found between dietary intake and persistent oncogenic-type HPV infection. For nononcogenic persistent infections, only vitamin B12 was inversely associated.
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Horner, Stacie Lynn. "Assessing dietary variety in school-aged children can three 24-hour interval and consecutive diet recalls predict dietary variety similar to 15 days of 24-hour diet recalls?/." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1163719618.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.Advisor: Dr. Grace Falciglia (Chair), Dr. Sarah Couch. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Mar. 29, 2009). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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PINTO, Mara Rúbia Romeu. "Alimentação de Apis mellifera africanizadas: relação com a fisiologia, produção, sanidade e segurança alimentar." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2548.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-11Feeding bees Apis mellifera is considered one of the main bottlenecks of beekeeping, having effects on entire production chain. In this species feeding is crucial, not only is necessary to support the maintenance, reproduction and production, but also is responsible for caste differentiation. In contrast to its importance, few studies addressing the development of economically viable diets, easy to purchase and with proven results. Possibly, their development is contingent on available food regionally. Studies on the basic nutritional needs are quite old and made with European bees. The development of applied research addressing this subject with the focus on testing the efficiency of artificial diets is more recent, and still needs improvement, especially in regard to the assessment methodologies. The literature data are much less abundant and more inchoate than those referring to other domesticated species, like mammals and poultries. Aiming to test the effect of diets for Apis mellifera, an experiment in laboratory was carried, with newly emerged bees, kept in an incubator at 32° C, humidity 70-80%, for six days, where they received diet and water ad libidum. Seven experimental diets were tested, using to evaluate the following parameters, the total protein content in the hemolymph, the weight of the bees and the consumption of diets. Four diets showed significant differences in protein content of the hemolymph as compared to control group. One of which was also higher in the parameters weight and consumption. Based on this work, diets with better performance were tested under field conditions in three distinct regions of Santa Catarina state, were evaluated the brood area (drone, opened, closed and total), storage areas for food (honey and pollen), the percentage of Varroa destructor mite infestation, and the physical-chemical analysis of honey. In field experiments, we noted a wide variation in the data, even when considering the same treatment, suggesting that environmental variables might influence the results, and significant differences were demonstrated only in the areas of brood opened, brood total (Serrana region) and mite infestation (Oeste Catarinense and Serrana regions) compared to control. Diets did not alter the patterns of identity and quality of honey produced, and may be considered appropriate for supplemental feeding during times of scarce of pollen.
A alimentação das abelhas Apis mellifera é considerada um dos principais gargalos da apicultura, influindo em diversas áreas da atividade apícola. Nesta espécie, a alimentação é determinante, pois além de levar o suporte necessário para a manutenção, reprodução e produção, também é responsável pela diferenciação das castas. Em contraponto à sua importância, existem poucos estudos contemplando o desenvolvimento de dietas economicamente viáveis, de fácil aquisição e de resultados comprovados. Possivelmente, o seu desenvolvimento esteja condicionado aos alimentos disponíveis regionalmente. Estudos sobre as necessidades nutricionais básicas são bastante antigos e realizados com abelhas europeias. O desenvolvimento de pesquisas aplicadas abordando o tema, com o enfoque de testar a eficiência de dietas artificiais, parece ser mais recente e, ainda, necessita de aprimoramento, principalmente no que tange às metodologias de avaliação. Os dados da literatura são bem menos abundantes e mais incipientes do que aqueles referentes às outras espécies animais domésticas, como os mamíferos e aves. Com o objetivo de testar o efeito de dietas para Apis mellifera, realizou-se experimento em laboratório, com abelhas recém-emergidas, mantidas em incubadora a 32°C, umidade entre 70-80%, por seis d ias, onde receberam as dietas e água ad libidum. Foram testadas sete dietas, utilizando-se como parâmetros de avaliação o teor de proteínas totais na hemolinfa, o peso das abelhas e o consumo das dietas. Quatro dietas apresentaram diferença significativa no teor de proteína da hemolinfa quando comparadas ao grupo controle, sendo que uma delas foi superior também nos parâmetros peso e consumo. Com base neste trabalho, as dietas que apresentaram melhor desempenho foram testadas em campo, em três regiões distintas, no Estado de Santa Catarina, avaliando-se as áreas de cria (zangão, aberta, fechada e total); as áreas de depósito de alimento (mel e pólen) e a porcentagem de infestação pelo ácaro Varroa destructor. No experimento de campo, notou-se uma grande variação dos dados, mesmo quando considerado o mesmo grupo de tratamento, demonstrando que as variáveis ambientais podem mascarar os resultados e as diferenças significativas somente foram demonstradas nas áreas de cria aberta, cria total (região Serrana) e infestação por Varroa destructor (região Oeste Catarinense e Serrana) em comparação ao grupo controle. As dietas utilizadas não alteraram as características físico-químicas do mel produzido, podendo ser consideradas adequadas para suplementação alimentar em época de escassez de recurso natural de pólen.
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Votier, Stephen C. "Conservation implications of variation in diet and dietary specialisation in great skuas." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390768.
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Hession, Michelle. "Different dietary approaches for the treatment of obesity and the phenotypic responses to these diets." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/415.
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Current treatments for obesity have been unsuccessful. It is essential that a patient-centred approach for obesity management is developed and for this to be successful other diet and lifestyle approaches need to be considered. A systematic review comparing low carbohydrate vs. low fat diets for the treatment of obesity was carried out. It found that low carbohydrate/high protein diets are as effective as, if not better, for treating obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors. A randomised controlled trial investigating dietary approaches for the treatment of obesity and its co morbidities was carried out. Variables including weight and body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, adipokines, liver and kidney function, and health and lifestyle factors were measured. Those with metabolic syndrome were also examined. It was hypothesised that there are alternative ways of treating obese subjects depending on their phenotype. Those with a higher BMI tend to have a higher carbohydrate intake rather that a higher fat intake so may be better suited to a low carbohydrate/high protein diet rather than the conventional low fat/energy reduced diet. Subjects were initially treated with the standard dietary approach for obesity (health eating, HE) and if not successful after 3 months were randomised to either a very low calorie diet (Lighterlife, LL) or a protein sparing modified fast (PSMF). All three groups showed a significant weight loss and reduced risk for CVD at 12 months. Significant improvements were seen for plasminogen-activated receptor-1, adiponectin, leptin and IL-6 on HE and LL, but only adiponectin significantly improved on the PSMF. Neither diet showed any detrimental effects for those with a healthy liver and kidney function. Quality of life and levels of depression improved at 12 months. Of the 54 subjects with metabolic syndrome at baseline, 12 remained on HE and 32 were randomised to LL and PSMF. This indicates that most subjects did not suit a low fat dietary approach. They were successful at losing weight on LL and PSMF and showed improvement in MS risk factors, and adipokine levels at 12 months. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that a low fat diet may not necessarily be the first line of approach to treat obese subjects with a BMI over 35 kg/m2, including those with MS. A very low calorie diet such as LL or a PSMF may be better suited to the subject.
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Morrow, Luke Adam. "Factors limiting the dietary inclusion level of dried distillers grains with solubles in ruminant diets." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338156625.
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Cobanov, Branislav. "Stochastic control of animal diets optimal sampling schedule and diet optimization /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155661130.
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Apekey, Tanefa Antoinette. "Weight loss diets : effects on risk factors of diet related diseases." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496080.
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Biffe, Bruna Gabriele. "Influência do ganho de massa corporal, induzido por dieta rica em sacarose, em parâmetros biométricos, bioquímicos e biofísicos de ratos Wistar /." Araçatuba, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88610.
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Orientador: Mário Jefferson Quirino LouzadaCoorientador: Maria Tereza Nunes
Banca: Lígia Araújo Martini
Banca: Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior
Resumo: Obesidade e osteoporose são doenças crônicas de saúde pública que compartilham características e prevalência cada vez mais relevantes. Com a finalidade de analisar a influência da obesidade induzida por dieta rica em sacarose em parâmetros biométricos, bioquímicos e biofísicos, ratos Wistar machos com 3 meses de idade, foram divididos em grupo C -Controle (n=10), com livre acesso à ração e água e grupo S -Sacarose (n=10), submetidos às mesmas condições do grupo 1 controle e suplementados com sacarose a 30% (p/v). O período experimental foi de 8 semanas. Foram mensurados também massa corporal, ingestão de líquidos, consumo de ração, glicemia, tecido adiposo abdominal, concentrações de cálcio, fósforo, fosfatase alcalina, leptina e insulina. As tíbias foram desarticuladas e dissecadas para análises biofísicas. A densidade mineral óssea foi, avaliada por densitômetro ósseo padrão; a densidade radiográfica por meio do programa computacional de. análise de imagens - lMAGE J; a resistência óssea foi determinada por ensaio mecânico destrutivo; a quantidade de material mineral ósseo por meio da calcinação e a conectividade trabecular foi analisada por microtomografia óssea. Durante o período experimental os animais do grupo C consumiram quantidade maior de água e ração, porém a massa corporal final foi menor que a do grupo S. Neste grupo, a sobrecarga calórica oferecida aos animais, durante oito semanas, resultou em aumento no consumo energético, massa corporal, glicemia, concentração plasmática de leptina e de tecido adiposo abdominal. Entretanto, não apresentou diferença significativa na concentração plasmática de insulina. Na análise biofísica do tecido ósseo foi evidenciada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Obesity and osteoporosis are chronic diseases of public health importance that share characteristics and increasingly and relevant prevalence. In order to analyze the influence of obesity induced by sucrose- rich diet in biometric, biochemical and biophysical parameters Wistar rats at 3 months of age were divided into two group: C - ControI (n = 10), with free access to food and water and S -Sucrose (n = 10) subjected to the same conditions of control group and supplemented with 30% sucrose (p/v), during 8 weeks. Measures of body mass, fluid intake, feed intake, blood glucose, abdominal adipose tissue, concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, leptin and insulin were taken. The tibias were disarticulated and dissected for biophysical analysis. Bone mineral density was assessed by standard bone densitometer; the radiographic image by the computer program of image analysis -IMAGE J; bane strength was determined by destructive mechanical testing; quantification of bone mineral material by calcination and trabecular connectivity was analyzed by microtomography bone. During the experimental period, animaIs in the control group (C) consumed higher amounts of food and water, but the body mass was smaller than the group receiving sucrose (S). In this group, the caloric load given to the animaIs for eight weeks resulted in increased energy consumption, body mass, glycemia, leptin plasmatic and abdominal faro However, the plasma insulin concentration was not altered. Biophysical analysis of bone tissue revealed lower bane density (DXA) for the group S when compared to the initial density within the same group. However, there was no significant difference in the final comparison between group C and S. Radiographic density showed lower density (mmAL) in the group S. There were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Jim, Susan. "The development of bone cholesterol delta¹³C values as a new source of palaeodietary information : models of its use in conjunction with bone collagen and apatite delta¹³C values." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326781.
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Genoni, Angela. "Health impacts and dietary composition of Paleolithic and Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Diets in Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2126.
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The Paleolithic diet is promoted in Australia for improved gut health. However, it excludes grains and dairy, food groups that form part of the evidence-based Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE). While total dietary fibre intake can be maintained from consumption of vegetables, fruit and nuts, it is not known if the elimination of grain-based foods results in changes to resistant starch (RS) intake. The Paleolithic diet can be classified as a low carbohydrate diet, however, interventions examining the impact of low carbohydrate diets on gastrointestinal health have been short-term and very low in dietary fibre, limiting comparison with a Paleolithic dietary pattern. Serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) arises mainly from colonic fermentation and hepatic conversion of animal protein and is positively associated with cardiovascular disease, but changes to RS intake may alter concentrations. With available literature on the Paleolithic diet examining only cardiometabolic and anthropometric outcomes, there exists a need to examine both fibre fraction intake and markers of gastrointestinal health, including the composition of the microbiota.
The PhD research comprised three separate studies. Studies One and Two re-examined data from a four-week randomised dietary intervention in healthy women (n=39) using the Paleolithic (n=22) and AGHE diets (n=17), to understand fibre fraction intake and to determine whether the short-term dietary change induced changes in serum TMAO concentrations. Study Three comprised a new, cross-sectional study and examined markers for dietary intake, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal health; comparing the results to a control group following a standard Australian diet. Forty-four long-term followers (>1 y) of the Paleolithic diet and 47 healthy controls were recruited; three-day weighed food records, diet history, anthropometric measures, fasting blood, 24-hour urine and 48-hour stool samples were collected. Food group, fibre and RS intake were estimated from weighed food records; serum TMAO concentrations were measured using LC-MS; faecal biochemistry with LC and GC-MS; faecal microbiota composition was analysed using 16s rRNA sequencing of the v4 region.
The short-term intervention comprising Studies One and Two showed RS intake postintervention, on a Paleolithic diet was significantly lower (RS Minimum 1.39 ± 0.95 g/day, RS Maximum 6.52 ± 4.59 g/day), than intake in the AGHE group (RS Minimum 2.46 ±2.26 g/day, RS Maximum 9.91 ± 9.06 g/day) and resulted in significant differences between groups (P
Study Three showed variation in the level of adherence to the Paleolithic diet and resulted in the stratification of the cohort into Strict Paleolithic (SP) (n=22) and Pseudo-Paleolithic (PP) (n=22) groups. Total dietary fibre intake was similar in the SP and control groups (30 g/day versus 27 g/day) and significantly higher than that of the PP group (21 g/day) (PBifidobacteriaand Roseburia genera, and increased abundance of TMA producing genera Hungatella.
Lower RS and carbohydrate intake, combined with high fat intake were associated with changes in microbiota and reduced abundances of beneficial genera in the Paleolithic group. The lack of differences between groups observed in SCFA excretion and the association with vegetable intake is supportive of dietary recommendations to increase consumption and may indicate a mechanism via which vegetables exert beneficial health impacts. The significantly higher concentrations of TMAO in the SP group and the association with both whole grain intake and the microbiota indicates that a variety of carbohydrate sources and fibre components may be required to maintain colonic health. Future research should now focus on including markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation to confirm these findings.
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Pombo, Maira. "Biologia populacional e dieta de Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan, 1889) S. stellifer (Bloch, 1790) e S. brasiliensis (Schultz, 1945) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) na Enseada de Caraguatabuba (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-02082011-120452/.
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A fim de colaborar com o conhecimento dos vários aspectos das diferentes populações e suas interações para o manejo e conservação dos recursos naturais, foram analisadas a dinâmica populacional e a dieta de três espécies do gênero Stellifer (Sciaenidae), coletadas de agosto de 2003 a outubro de 2004 em áreas rasas da Enseada de Caraguatatuba, com influência mínima dos rios e estuários da região. Os indivíduos de Stellifer rastrifer (n=3183), S. brasiliensis (n=357) e S. stellifer (n=116) concentraram-se em geral na porção sul da enseada e houve diferença entre o tamanho das três espécies (S. rastrifer > S. stellifer > S. brasiliensis), que apresentaram um padrão de variação do comprimento ao longo do tempo bastante semelhante. Todas se mostraram essencialmente carcinófagas, com variação sazonal dos itens alimentares e alta sobreposição alimentar entre elas. Stellifer rastrifer permitiu uma análise de aspectos reprodutivos e de crescimento. A quantidade de fêmeas com gônadas em maturação e maduras foi muito pequena, bem como os valores do índice gonadossomático foram baixos indicando que a área não seja usada para desova. Os valores estimados para os parâmetros de crescimento (L?=20,9, K=0,37 e Z=2,81) indicam que haja uma segregação espacial entre jovens e adultos e que a taxa de mortalidade encontrada deva incluir em sua composição uma elevada taxa de migração dos jovens para áreas mais profundas, onde se supõe que completem seu desenvolvimento.Intending to collaborate with some knowledge about ecosystems functioning for its suitable management and the conservation of natural resources, it was analyzed the populational dynamics and diet of three species belonging to the genus Stellifer (Sciaenidae), collected from August 2003 to October 2004, in shallow areas of Caraguatatuba Bay, where there was the least influence as possible of rivers and estuaries placed in the region. Species were Stellifer rastrifer (n=3183), S. brasiliensis (n=357) and S. Stellifer (n=116), wich focused at the southern area of the Bay. Species were significantly different from each other for size (S. rastrifer > S. stellifer > S. brasiliensis), although they have shown a quite similar pattern of length variation over time. They all fed upon basically crustaceans, with marked seasonal variation of food items and high dietary overlap among them. Stellifer rastrifer abundance allowed reproductive aspects analysis and the determination of growth parameters. The number of mature gonads in females was very small and gonadosomatic index values throughout the year were low, thus indicating that it is not a sapwn area. The growth parameters calculated (L?=20.9, K=0.37 and Z=2,81) indicate that there is a spatial segregation by size and that the mortality rate must, therefore, include a high rate of older individuals migration to deeper areas, where it is assumed that they complete their development.
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Ax, Erika. "Dietary Patterns : Identification and Health Implications in the Swedish Population." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-250280.
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We eat foods not nutrients. What is more, we eat them in combinations. Consequently, capturing our complex food habits is likely an advantage in nutrition research. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was therefore to investigate dietary patterns in the Swedish population –nutrient intakes, nutritional biomarkers and health aspects. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the developed world. However, the impact of dietary factors on disease risk is largely unknown. In Study I we investigated the association between a Mediterranean- and a Low-carbohydrate-high-protein dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk, in a cohort of elderly Swedish men. The latter (but not the former) was associated, inversely, with prostate cancer risk when taking validity in food records into account. Diet is one of our main exposure routes to environmental contaminants. Hence, such exposure could act as a mediating factor in the relation between diet and health. In Study II we investigated the association between; a Mediterranean- and a Low-carbohydrate-high-protein dietary pattern, as well as the official dietary recommendations, and circulating levels of environmental contaminants, in an elderly Swedish population. The first two patterns were positively related to levels of both persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, whilst the dietary recommendations were inversely associated to dioxin and lead. Finally, although dietary patterns are likely to influence health, little is known about current dietary patterns in Sweden. In Study III we used a data-reduction method to identify dietary patterns in a nationwide sample of the Swedish population. Two major patterns were derived; a Healthy pattern of foods generally considered healthy (e.g. vegetables, fruits, fish and vegetable-oils) and a Swedish traditional pattern (with e.g. meats, potatoes, sauces, non-Keyhole milk-products, sweet-bakery products and margarine). Derived patterns were associated to population characteristics and the Healthy dietary pattern was inversely associated to anthropometric variables in Study IV. Dietary characteristics of the patterns were well reflected in correlations to nutrient intake and (to a lesser extent) in nutritional biomarkers. In conclusion dietary patterns for overall health should be considered, as well as other lifestyle-factors, when interpreting results in nutrition epidemiology and establishing dietary recommendations.
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Vallejos, Vidal Eva Carolina. "molecular regulation of the immune function in the gills of gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) fed with immunostimulant diets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/319686.
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En los últimos 10 años, diferentes inmunoestimulantes han sido probados en más de 18 especies de peces, incluyendo carpa, turbot, salmón del atlántico, dorada, trucha, entre otros. Los compuestos que han sido estudiados son muy variados e incluyen componentes bacterianos, polisacáridos, extractos de plantas, algas y animales, factores nutricionales, e incluso hormonas y citoquinas. Sin embargo, a pesar del gran interés que han generado estos estudios, los inmunoestimulantes dietarios comercialmente disponibles contienen principalmente sólo β-glucanos. La mayoría de los estudios están basados en la respuesta celular de los peces, como actividad fagocítica, especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), y mediciones en sangres, como contenido de IgM en suero. La gran mayoría de estos estudios han mostrado resultados positivos, pero se sabe muy poco sobre los mecanismos moleculares que hay detrás de la respuesta a la administración de inmunoestimulantes a través de la dieta. Por lo anteriormente mencionado, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es evaluar a respuesta transcriptómica de las branquias de peces alimentados con dietas inmunoestimulantes, utilizando dos acercamientos, el molecular y celular.
Experimentalmente, 360 doradas (Sparus aurata) sanas, de un peso promedio de 38±7.3 g fueron separados en 27 tanques y alimentados con dos dietas inmunoestimulantes manufacturadas por Skretting (Dieta A y Dieta B) y una dieta control (Dieta C, Skretting). Cada dieta fue administrada los peces a una razón del 3% de su masa corporal dos veces al día, con un periodo de pre-aclimatación de 14 días. Muestras de agallas fueron tomadas a 2, 7, 14 y 28 días de administración de la dieta. Todas las muestras fueron divididas en dos para realizar un análisis de microarray (Microarray específico para dorada 44K, diseñado por Agilent) y para un análisis in situ. Los datos de microarray fueron analizados con dos métodos, con un análisis referente al control y un análisis en loop. Los resultados del microarray mostraron la expresión diferencial de genes relacionados a procesos inmunológicos, como inflamación, activación y respuesta de células T, apoptosis, entre otros, sin embargo la intensidad y magnitud de la respuesta no fue muy alta. Los resultados del análisis in situ mostró que algunos de estos transcritos se localizaron en un tipo celular ubicado en la lamela secundaria de las agallas de dorada. Estas células, podrían ser células clorhídricas o linfocitos T, pero más estudios hacen falta para poder confirmar estas hipótesis.Over the past 10 years, different immunostimulants have been tested in more than 18 fish species including: Carp, Yellow croaker, Turbot, Atlantic salmon and Seabream, amongst others. The compounds tested are varied including bacterial components, polysaccharides, animal, plant and algae extract, nutritional factors, and even hormones and cytokines and some synthetics such as Levamisole. However even although a lot of interest and studies have been carried out, commercially available immunostimulant diets mainly contain β-glucans. The majority of the studies reported are based upon cellular response assays such as phagocyte activity and ROS and simple blood measurements such as total serum IgM content. All studies have shown positive results, but little is known about the underlying molecular response to dietary administration of immunostimulants. In order to evaluate the transcriptomic response in gills we analyzed and evaluated gene expression profiles associated with exposure to immunostimulant diets over time, using both a molecular and cellular approach. Experimentally, 360 healthy Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) of average body weight of 38±7.3 g were separated in 27 tanks and fed with two Skretting immunostimulant diets (Diet A and Diet B) and a control diet (Diet C). Each diet were fed at a feeding rate of 3% of body weight twice daily for 28 days with a period of 14 days of pre-acclimation. Gills samples were taken at 2, 7, 14 and 28 days post diet. All samples were divided for microarray analysis (specific Sparus aurata 44K microarray, Agilent custom design) and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis. A diet dependent and a loop analysis were carried out, with control diet as a reference point. Microarray results shown a differential expression of genes associated to immunological processes such as inflammation, T and B cell response amongst others but the intensity and magnitude of the modulation of these responses was not high. ISH analysis showed localization of immunological transcripts in a specific cellular type in the primary lamellae of gilthead seabream gills.
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Garzillo, Josefa Maria Fellegger. "A alimentação e seus impactos ambientais: abordagens dos guias alimentares nacionais e estudo da dieta dos brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6140/tde-13022019-082545/.
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As dietas monótonas, com elevado consumo de carnes e alimentos ultraprocessados pioram o quadro de segurança alimentar porque aceleram registros epidemiológicos de doenças crônicas enquanto degradam os ecossistemas. Indicadores ambientais aplicados sistematicamente no campo da alimentação revelam as evidências científicas e as justificativas éticas que suportam a integração de educação nutricional e ambiental nos guias alimentares nacionais. Um grande desafio da atualidade é fortalecer as métricas das dietas saudáveis e sustentáveis, o que inclui desenvolver indicadores ambientais atrelados à qualidade nutricional dos padrões alimentares. Primeiro, nós fizemos uma avaliação qualitativa de como os guias nacionais inseriram as questões ambientais nas suas recomendações, seguida de estudo quantitativo sobre quanto que a adoção de dietas saudáveis pelos brasileiros reduziria os impactos ambientais. Pela análise de conteúdo, usando técnicas como a triagem de expressões e a categorização temática, nós relacionamos um extenso repertório ambiental aos Limites Planetários dentro dos quais a humanidade pode viver em segurança: uso de água doce, poluição química, integridade da biosfera, mudanças no uso do solo e nos sistemas da Terra, mudanças climáticas e fluxo biogeoquímico. Guias integrados recomendaram escolher alimentos com etiqueta ecológica oriundos da produção local e orgânica, as preparações caseiras compostas principalmente por vegetais frescos e sazonais, e moderadas em carnes, evitando os alimentos ultraprocessados, as embalagens, o consumo excessivo e os desperdícios. Água e alimentos contaminados por patógenos, alimentos vegetais por pesticidas e peixes por mercúrio foram questões apresentadas mesmo por guias com escopo restrito à nutrição. As recomendações conectaram as mudanças climáticas ao consumo de carne, mas também ao uso de energia e ao transporte. Para o estudo quantitativo, nós criamos uma nova base de dados ambientais com pegadas de carbono e hídrica obtidas em publicações internacionais de avaliação de ciclo de vida para todos os itens de consumo presentes na Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (2008-2009) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. As pegadas dos alimentos e das preparações culinárias consumidos pelos brasileiros estão disponíveis para uso direto como fatores de cálculos integrados à tabela de composição nutricional. Na primeira aplicação da base de dados ambientais, nós calculamos as pegadas de carbono e hídrica do consumo alimentar médio (4,1kgCO2eq e 4120 litros de água), de uma dieta saudável simulada (3,5 kgCO2eq e 3410 litros de água) e de cenários definidos por cinco estratos de participação percentual de energia na dieta provenientes dos alimentos ultraprocessados e cinco estratos das carnes em geral. Fizemos o estudo comparativo das pegadas com as dietas equalizadas em 2000kcal e 60g de proteína. Comparamos os impactos ambientais atrelados à qualidade nutricional por diferentes unidades funcionais (100g, 100kcal e grama de proteína). O maior consumo de carnes apresentou as pegadas mais altas (6,4kgCO2eq e 6293 litros de água). O maior consumo de ultraprocessados (4,2kgCO2eq e 3789 litros de água) apresentou pegadas comparáveis ao consumo médio. Se 200 milhões de brasileiros adotassem a dieta saudável, eles reduziriam as emissões em 45 milhões de toneladas de carbono ao ano.Monotonous diets with high meat and ultra-processed foods consumption worsen the food security status because they accelerate epidemiological records of chronic diseases while degrading ecosystems. Environmental indicators systematically applied in the field of nutrition reveal scientific evidences and ethical justifications to support nutritional and environmental education integration in national dietary guidelines. A big challenge today is strengthening metrics of healthy and sustainable diets, which includes developing environmental indicators linked to nutritional quality of food patterns. First, we made a qualitative evaluation of how the national guidelines have inserted environmental issues in their recommendations, followed by a quantitative study on how much the healthy diets adoption by Brazilians would reduce environmental impacts. By content analysis, using techniques such as expressions screening and thematic categorization, we linked an extensive environmental repertoire to the Planetary Boundaries within which humanity could live safely: freshwater use, chemical pollution, biosphere integrity, land use and the Earth systems change, climate change and biogeochemical flow. Integrated guidelines recommended choosing eco-labeled food from local and organic production, home made meals mostly composed by fresh and seasonal vegetables, moderate in meat, avoiding ultra-processed foods, packaging, overconsumption and waste. Water and food contaminated by pathogens, plant foods by pesticides and fish by mercury were issues presented even by guidelines with scope restricted to nutrition. Food recommendations connected climate change to meat consumption, but also to energy use and transportation. For the quantitative study, we created a new environmental database with carbon and water footprints obtained from international life cycle assessment publications for all consumption items in the Family Budget Survey (2008-2009) of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. The footprints of foods and culinary preparations consumed by Brazilians are available to direct use as calculations factors integrated to the nutritional composition table. In the very first application of the environmental database, we calculated the carbon and water footprints of average food consumption (4.1 kgCO2eq and 4120 liters of water), a simulated healthy diet (3.5 kgCO2eq and 3410 liters of water) and scenarios defined by five quintils of dietary energy participation of ultra-processed foods and five quintils of red meats in general. We compared footprints using equalized diets in 2000 kcal and 60 g protein. We compared environmental impacts linked to nutritional quality by different functional units (100g, 100kcal and grams of protein). The highest meat consumption had the highest footprints of all (6.4kgCO2eq and 6293 liters of water). The highest consumption of ultra-processed had footprints (4.2kgCO2eq and 3789 liters of water) comparable to the average consumption. If 200 million Brazilians would adopt the healthy diet, they would reduce emissions in 45 million tons of carbon per year.
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Alish, Carolyn Jean. "The Psychosocial Determinants Of Diet Quality And Dietary Intake: A Social Cognitive Approach To Examining The Relationships Between/Among Personal And Environmental Factors And Diet Quality And dietary Intake In Working Women." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054701490.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 289 p., ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: M. Catherine Mitchell, Nutrition Program. Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-220).
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Bustamante, García Marifé, Feliu Montserrat Martinez, Karin Servan, and Percy Mayta-Tristan. "Oferta y composición nutricional de ensaladas en patios de comida de centros comerciales de Lima Metropolitana, 2014." Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/594825.
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Objectives. To assess supply and nutritional composition of the salads offered as an entrée main course in the food courts of the shopping centers in Lima, Peru. Materials and methods. The menus of all food franchises present in the food courts of the eleven shopping centers of Lima were reviewed. The nutritional composition of salads offered as an entrée were calculated for calories, protein content, carbohydrates, fats, cholesterol, fiber and sodium, and the adequacy of intake for a dinner (30% of a diet of 2000 kcal). Results. Salads as entrées accounted for 4.7% of the supply, and only 7 out of 17 franchises offered at least one salad. The average cost of the salads was higher than the other dishes ($5.3 vs $4.7; p<0.001). The average calorie content was 329 kcal and 2.7 g fiber; in relation to a dinner, we found a high percentage of adequacy for protein (172.9%), cholesterol (121.0%), and low adequacy for calories (54.8%), carbohydrates (23.1%) and fiber (36.4%). Conclusions. The salads that are offered in food courts in the shopping centers of Lima are scarce and more expensive, have little fiber content and are high in cholesterol. Strategies should be reviewed to improve the accessibility of quality salads offered in areas where only fast food is offered.Objetivos. Evaluar la oferta y composición nutricional de las ensaladas ofrecidas como plato principal en los patios de comida de los centros comerciales de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se revisó las cartas de comida de todas las franquicias presentes en los patios de comida de los once centro comerciales de Lima, luego se evaluó la composición nutricional de las ensaladas ofertadas como plato principal calculando su contenido calórico, proteico, carbohidratos, grasas, colesterol, fibra y sodio, y la adecuación de ingesta para una cena (30% de una dieta de 2000 kcal). Resultados. Las ensaladas como plato principal representaron el 4,7% de la oferta, solo 7/17 franquicias ofrecían al menos una ensalada. El costo promedio de las ensaladas fue superior a los otros platos ($5,3 vs 4,7; p<0,001). El contenido calórico promedio fue de 329 kcal y de 2,7 g de fibra; con relación a una cena, se encontró un alto porcentaje de adecuación proteica (172,9%), de colesterol (121,0%), y bajo para calorías (54,8%), carbohidratos (23,1%) y fibra (36,4%). Conclusiones. Las ensaladas que se ofertan en patios de centros comerciales de Lima son escasas y más costosas, presentan poco aporte de fibra y altos contenidos de colesterol. Se deben revisar estrategias para mejorar la accesibilidad de ensaladas de calidad en escenarios donde solo ofertan comidas rápidas.
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Silva, Zoraide Nascimento da. "Efeito da Dieta da Proteína no metabolismo ósseo em ratas Wistar Adultas." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3429.
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Uma das dietas mais procuradas para perda de peso é a dieta Atkins, caracterizada como hiperproteica, hiperlipídica e hipoglicídica. O consumo em excesso de proteínas leva a produção de ácidos provenientes do metabolismo protéico e para manter a homeostase sanguínea são recrutados íons, principalmente o cálcio proveniente do osso, levando ao comprometimento deste tecido. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da dieta hiperproteica no tecido ósseo em ratas Wistar. O estudo teve duração de 60 dias. Animais com 90 dias de idade foram divididas em 4 grupos (n=7); Grupo controle Caseína 1 (C1) e Caseína 2 (C2), Grupo Hiperproteico 1 (HP1) e Hiperproteico 2 (HP 2). O grupo C2 e HP2 foram submetidos a 30% de restrição alimentar. O experimento teve a duração de 60 dias. O peso e a ingestão hídrica eram verificados uma vez por semana. Utilizando absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios X (DXA) foi avaliada a densidade mineral óssea (DMO g/cm2), o conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO g), a Área (cm2), tecido gordo total e do tronco. A análise densitométrica foi realizada no início e ao final do experimento com o animal anestesiado. Após o sacrifício foram coletadas amostras de sangue e o fêmur direito. No fêmur foi realizado densitometria óssea, biometria e com as cinzas ósseas análises de cálcio, magnésio e fósforo. Do sangue coletado foi obtido o soro e analisados cálcio, magnésio, fósforo, insulina, osteocalcina e paratormônio. Os resultados são apresentados com média e erro padrão. Os animais com alimentação em livre demanda apresentaram maior ganho de massa corporal do que os animais com restrição calórica. Os grupos hiperproteicos apresentaram maior ingestão hídrica, quando comparados com o grupo C1 (P<0,05). Na ingestão alimentar, os grupos experimentais consumiram quantidades similares e menor em comparação com o Controle 1 (P<0,05). As concentrações de cálcio sérico foram menores entre os grupos experimentais e C2 (P<0,05). Os valores da osteocalcina sérica foram menores nos grupos hiperproteicos (P<0,05). A insulina foi significativamente menor no grupo HP2 (P<0,05), e sem diferença significativa entre os grupos controles e HP1, sendo que o grupo C2 apresentou redução de mais de 50% em relação ao grupo C1. Houve redução da largura do ponto médio da diáfise do fêmur nos grupos experimentais quando comparados com seus respectivos grupos controle. As concentrações de cálcio ósseo foram menores nos grupos hiperproteicos (P<0,05). No geral, os resultados densitométricos ósseos total, da pelve e da coluna vertebral foram semelhantes entre os grupos com consumo em livre demanda e entre os grupos com restrição alimentar. A DMO do fêmur do grupo HP2 foi menor (P<0,05). O tecido gordo do tronco nos grupos com consumo em livre demanda foi maior e o tecido magro total desses grupos foram similares. A dieta da proteína não promoveu maior perda de peso que a dieta controle. Os grupos hiperproteicos apresentaram redução da largura do ponto médio da diáfise do fêmur, diminuição do cálcio ósseo e sérico e da osteocalcina, sendo que o grupo HP2 apresentou também diminuição na concentração sérica de insulina
One of the most sought diet for weight loss is the Atkins’, characterized as a high protein, lipid and low glycemic diet. The excessive intake of proteins leads to the production of acids from it’s metabolism. In order to maintain homeostasis, blood ions are recruited, mainly calcium from the bone, leading to impairment of the tissue. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a high protein diet on the bone tissue in Wistar rats. 90-day-old animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 7): Casein 1 group control (C1), Casein 2 (C2), High Protein 1 (HP1) and High Protein 2 (HP 2). Groups C2 and HP2 were subjected to 30% of food restriction ( 60 days). Weight and water intake were checked once a week. Bone mineral density (BMD g/cm2), bone mineral content (BMC g), total fat tissue and area (cm2) of the thorax were determined by Dual Emission X-rays (DXA). Anesthetized animals were subjected to densitometric analysis at the beginning and at the end of the experiment with anesthetized animals. Then the animals were terminated, and the blood and right femur collected. Femur densitometry and biometrics were made. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were determined from bone ashes. Serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, insulin, PTH and osteocalcin were measured. Results are presented as mean and standard error. Animals fed ad libitum gained more body weight than the animals on restricted diet. High protein groups had higher (P <0.05) water intake when compared with C1. Food intake in experimental groups was similar and lower (P <0.05) when compared with C1. Serum calcium concentration were lower (P <0.05) between the high protein groups and C2. Values of serum osteocalcin were low (P <0.05) in high protein groups. Insulin was significantly low (P <0.05) in group HP2. C2 group insulin was reduced by over 50% compared to C1. Groups HP1 and control were statistically similar. High protein groups showed a width at the midpoint of the diaphysis when compared with their respective control groups. Bone calcium concentrations were low (P <0.05) in high protein groups. Overall, the results of bone, pelvis and spine densitometries were similar between groups ad libitum and with restricted diets. HP2 group femurs exhibited reduced bone mass density (BMD). Trunk fat and lean tissues in ad libitum groups were higher (P<0.05) and similar, respectively. The protein diet did not promote greater weight loss than the restricted diet. High protein groups showed a width reduction at the midpoint of the diaphysis, decreased bone and serum calcium and osteocalcin. HP2 group also showed lower serum insulin
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Buragas, Alex. "Comportamento alimentar de codornas poedeiras (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) recebendo rações com diferentes micotoxinas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-19092006-121221/.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivos principais: avaliar o comportamento alimentar em rações contendo zearalenona e aflatoxina; verificar a capacidade das aves em distinguir uma ração contendo micotoxina de uma ração isenta de contaminação; observar se as aves eram capazes de selecionar uma determinada ração. Foram utilizadas, 80 codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) em pico de postura, num delineamento experimental de quadrado latino (4x4). Os 4 tratamentos utilizados foram: controle (T1); controle + 0,1% adsorvente (T2); 2 mg/kg aflatoxinas + 4 mg/kg zearalenona (T3) e 2mg/kg aflatoxinas + 4 mg/kg zearalenona + 0,1% adsorvente (T4), em 4 posições pré-estabelecidas. Com a finalidade de observar o comportamento das aves os comedouros foram trocados de posição a cada 7 dias. Foi observada redução no consumo de ração (p<0,05) nos tratamentos que continham 2 mg/kg de aflatoxina e zearalenona com e sem adsorvente . As aves mostraram reconhecer a ração contaminada, tendo um maior consumo da ração livre de toxinasThe aim of this experiment was: analise alimentary behavior in diets with zearalenon and aflatoxin; observe poultry abilitys to discern from diets with or with out micotoxins; to understand if quail were able to select a diet. 80 quail layers (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used in a latin square design (4x4). The treatments were: control (T1); control + 0.1% adsorvent (T2); 2 mg/kg aflatoxin + 4 mg/kg zearalenon (T3) e 2mg/kg aflatoxin + 4 mg/kg zearalenon + 0.1% adsorvent (T4), in 4 different places. To observe animal behavior diets were changed of position every 7 seven days. There were differences (p<0,05) among treatments, with lower intake for diets with 2 mg/kg aflatoxin and zearalenon with or with out adsorvent. This study indicates that layers could recognize the contamined treatments, animal intake for free contamination diets were highest
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Veiga, Kelen Rodrigues da. "Preferência alimentar do preá (Cavia magna Ximenez 1980), em uma ilha subtropical no sul do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2013. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/6032.
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O gênero Cavia pertence à família Caviidae. No Rio Grande do Sul são encontradas as espécies C. aperea e C. magna, sendo a última ocorrente na Ilha dos Marinheiros, local onde foi realizado este estudo. A disponibilidade de alimentos no ambiente é importante para o desenvolvimento da espécie. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi determinar preferência alimentar de Cavia magna, relacionando as espécies vegetais encontradas na dieta com suas disponibilidades no ambiente. Foram realizadas sazonalmente, no período de um ano, coletas e levantamento da vegetação, estimando a cobertura de cada espécie para posteriormente calcular o Índice de valor de importância (IVI). Mensalmente, nesse mesmo período, foram coletadas amostras de fezes dos preás, para análise micro-histológica, técnica esta amplamente utilizada para determinação da dieta de herbívoros. Os dados foram coletados em dois transectos, um ao Norte e outro ao Sul da Ilha em 30 unidades amostrais de 1m², cada. Testes MANOVA e de Mantel foram realizados para determinar a relação entre a distribuição e abundância das espécies vegetais no ambiente, e as espécies encontradas nas amostras fecais. No ambiente foram registradas 96 espécies distribuídas em 44 famílias durante os períodos amostrados, sendo Asteraceae, Poaceae e Cyperaceae as mais representativas. Juncus acutus apresentou maior Índice de Valor de Importância (IVI) na área Norte nos quatro períodos estudados e no verão e outono na área Sul. Cladium jamaicense e Plantago australis tiveram maior IVI nos períodos de inverno e primavera, respectivamente. Nas amostras fecais foram identificadas 24 espécies vegetais pertencentes a 19 famílias. Poaceae foi a família com maior número de espécies frequente na dieta para ambas as áreas. Na área Norte, Hypoxis decumbens e Juncus acutus foram as espécies de maior frequência nas amostras de fezes, enquanto que na área Sul, a espécie mais frequente foi Paspaum urvillei. Os testes MANOVA demonstraram variabilidade de espécies tanto no ambiente quanto nas amostras de fezes, no que se refere às estações do ano. O teste de Mantel mostrou influência significativa entre a disponibilidade da vegetação e as espécies consumidas pelo preá, porém com baixa correlação. As espécies mais consumidas foram buscadas por C. magna em maiores distâncias, ou selecionadas, mesmo quando ofertadas em menores quantidades no ambiente, demonstrando seletividade e preferência deste roedor por algumas espécies vegetais no presente estudo.
The Genus Cavia belongs to the family Caviidae. In Rio Grande do Sul are found the species C. aperea and C. magna, the last occurring on the Marinheiros Island, where the study was conducted. The availability of food in the environment is crucial for the development of the species. The objective of this study was to determine the feeding preference of Cavia magna listing the plant species found in the diet with their availability in the environment. Were conducted seasonally, during one year, sampling and survey of vegetation, estimating the coverage of each species to subsequently calculate the importance value index (IVI). Monthly, during the same period, samples of cavies’s feces were collected for microhistological analysis, this technique is widely used to determine the diet of herbivores. Data were collected in two transects, one North and the other South of the island in 30 sampling units of 1m² each. MANOVA and Mantel’s Test was conducted to determine the relationship between the abundance and distribution in the environment of the plant species and species found in fecal samples. The environment has been recorded 96 species in 44 families in the sample periods, and Asteraceae, Poaceae and Cyperaceae were the most representative. Juncus acutus showed greater Importance Value Index (IVI) in the North area in the four periods and during summer and autumn, in the South area. Cladium jamaicense and Plantago australis had higher IVI during winter and spring, respectively. In fecal samples were identified 24 plant species belonging to 19 families. Poaceae was the family with the highest number of species in the diet for both areas. In the North, Hypoxis decumbens and Juncus acutus were the species most frequently in stool samples, while in the South, the most frequent was Paspaum urvillei. MANOVA tests demonstrate that there is both species variability in the environment and in the feces sample, with respect to seasons. The Mantel test showed significant influence between the availability of vegetation and species consumed by cavy, but with low correlation. The most consumed species were sought by C. magna at greater distances, or selected, even when offered in smaller quantities in the environment, demonstrating selectivity and preference of this rodent by some vegetal species in this study
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Dell, Cynthia A. "The differential effects of dietary fat in a rat model of the ketogenic diet." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ49775.pdf.
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Ward, Heather Anne. "A comparison of dietary assessment methods : diet and coronary heart disease as an exemplar." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609589.
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TROYER, ANN MARIE. "Dietary Variety Increases as a Function of Time and Influences Diet Quality in Children." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1019053251.
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Giskes, Katrina. "Socioeconomic position, dietary intakes, perceptions of health and diet among Australian adolescents and adults." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15871/1/Katrina_Giskes_Thesis.pdf.
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In Australia, and other Western countries, there are marked socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from chronic, diet-related diseases. Research in these countries has shown that adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds experience greater morbidity and mortality from these conditions compared to their higher-status counterparts. In recent decades, much research has focused on factors that may contribute to these inequalities. Dietary intakes are thought to account for a large proportion of the socioeconomic variability in health, and there is some evidence suggesting that the psychosocial foundations laid down in adolescence are important influences on these dietary intakes.
In Australia, however, existing research examining socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes is limited. Most previous research has looked at dietary intakes in adulthood, and have not considered examining for socioeconomic differences in adolescence. Furthermore, not much is known about the health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents that may contribute to socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes. This study examined these issues by analysing for socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes among both adolescents and adults. It also investigated some health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds.
Data from a national cross-sectional survey, the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey, were analysed to determine socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with adolescents to investigate their health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions.
The results show that compared to adults, there is less socioeconomic inequality in food and nutrient intakes among adolescents. Intakes of some anti-oxidant vitamins and folate were directly related with socioeconomic position among adults. Adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to consume fruits or vegetables. They consumed a lower variety of fruits and vegetables and were less likely to choose fruits and vegetables high in vitamin A, folate and vitamin C. The results showed that these differences may be due to adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds being less likely to want to increase their fruit and vegetable intakes, and perceiving price and storage as barriers to doing so.
There were a small number of socioeconomic differences in adolescents' beliefs, attitudes and perceptions about nutrition and health that may contribute to dietary intake inequalities in adulthood. Adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to see health as being important for achieving goals, and identified nutrients and sleep as influencing their health less frequently. These adolescents also referred to dietary recommendations, nutrient intakes, dairy foods and avoiding school canteen foods less frequently when describing a healthy diet.
A number of recommendations about the design and targeting of nutrition-promotion campaigns and interventions are discussed, as well as future directions for research on socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes.
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Giskes, Katrina. "Socioeconomic position, dietary intakes, perceptions of health and diet among Australian adolescents and adults." Queensland University of Technology, 2002. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15871/.
Full textAbstract:
In Australia, and other Western countries, there are marked socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from chronic, diet-related diseases. Research in these countries has shown that adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds experience greater morbidity and mortality from these conditions compared to their higher-status counterparts. In recent decades, much research has focused on factors that may contribute to these inequalities. Dietary intakes are thought to account for a large proportion of the socioeconomic variability in health, and there is some evidence suggesting that the psychosocial foundations laid down in adolescence are important influences on these dietary intakes.
In Australia, however, existing research examining socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes is limited. Most previous research has looked at dietary intakes in adulthood, and have not considered examining for socioeconomic differences in adolescence. Furthermore, not much is known about the health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents that may contribute to socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes. This study examined these issues by analysing for socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes among both adolescents and adults. It also investigated some health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds.
Data from a national cross-sectional survey, the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey, were analysed to determine socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with adolescents to investigate their health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions.
The results show that compared to adults, there is less socioeconomic inequality in food and nutrient intakes among adolescents. Intakes of some anti-oxidant vitamins and folate were directly related with socioeconomic position among adults. Adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to consume fruits or vegetables. They consumed a lower variety of fruits and vegetables and were less likely to choose fruits and vegetables high in vitamin A, folate and vitamin C. The results showed that these differences may be due to adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds being less likely to want to increase their fruit and vegetable intakes, and perceiving price and storage as barriers to doing so.
There were a small number of socioeconomic differences in adolescents' beliefs, attitudes and perceptions about nutrition and health that may contribute to dietary intake inequalities in adulthood. Adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to see health as being important for achieving goals, and identified nutrients and sleep as influencing their health less frequently. These adolescents also referred to dietary recommendations, nutrient intakes, dairy foods and avoiding school canteen foods less frequently when describing a healthy diet.
A number of recommendations about the design and targeting of nutrition-promotion campaigns and interventions are discussed, as well as future directions for research on socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes.