Academic literature on the topic 'Diethy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diethy"
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Radan, Morton, Edwin Hortelano, John Quin, Nancy King, and Jill Koch. "‘Flipped-out’ ionophores. transCyclohexano pentaethylene glycol diethy ethers." J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., no. 22 (1985): 1557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39850001557.
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FUJIMOTO, Yusuke, Tsuyoshi FUJIMOTO, Takako YAMAGUCHI, and Yoshikazu FUJITA. "Spectrophotometric determination of p-quinones with N,N-diethy-1,4-phenylenediamine." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 53, no. 10 (2004): 1093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.1093.
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Van Bockstaele, Dirk R., and Marc E. Peetermans. "1,3′-diethy 1-4,2′-quinolylthiacyanine iodide as a “thiazole orange” analogue for nucleic acid staining." Cytometry 10, no. 2 (March 1989): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.990100213.
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Rawat, A. K. S., A. P. Singh, D. P. Singh, M. M. Pandey, R. Govindarajan, and Sharad Srivastava. "Separation and Identification of Furocoumarin in Fruits ofHeracleum candicansDC. by HPTLC." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/915762.
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Heracleum candicansWall. ex DC. (Apiaceae) is widely used in Indian system of medicines as an aphrodisiac, nerve tonic and also in the treatment of skin diseases with reports of being rich in furocoumarins which are extensively used in pharmaceutical industry for their photosensitizing activity on human skin. A simple high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of psoralen (1) and heraclenol (2) in the fruits ofH. candicans. The analytes were separated on silica gel F254plates with toluene : diethy lether : acetic acid (6 : 4 : 1) and scanned densitometrically at 350 nm. The method was validated in terms of precision, repeatability, and accuracy. The linear range for psoralen and heraclenol was found to be 1–5 μg spot−1and 1–4 μg spot−1with correlation coefficient of 0.973 and 0.964, respectively. The two compounds were quantified in fruits ofH. candicansand were found to be present in the range of 0.021–0.036% and 0.029–0.043% w/w. The method was found to be very simple, accurate, precise, and economical and can be used for routine quality control.
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Ma, Qing Zhi, Feng Juan Wu¨, Dang Quan Zhang, and Wan Xi Peng. "Analysis on Function Components and Biohealth Function of Phyllostachys heterocycla Biomass." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.55.
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Phyllostachys heterocycla, who was considered to have biohealth function in folk, is becoming a major biomass in rooms. Therefore, the chemical components from Phyllostachys heterocycla were identified by TD-GC/MS at different temperature. The main function components of Phyllostachys heterocycla biomass at 40°С were 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester(21.32%), [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-ol(9.16%), (2,3-diphenylcyclopropyl)methyl ph enyl sulfoxide, trans-(6.54%), cedrol(6.11%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1r)- (6.04%), 1,6-cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-met hylene-8-(1-methylethyl)- (4.82%), 1-heptadecanamine(4.79%), propanedioic acid, methyl-, diethy l ester(4.36%), squalene(4.25%), etc. And the main function components at 60°С were1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester(14.02%), camphor(10.57%), [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-ol(6.91%), pentanoic acid, 2-benzenmethanimin yl-5-guanidinyl-(5.68%), 1,6-cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-methyl- (5.27%), cedrol(4.83%), 2-bromo-2,2-dichloroethylcarbamic acid, ethyl ester(4.56%), n-n-butylpropionamide(4.49%), bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethy l-2-methylene-, (1s)- (4.12%), etc. Phyllostachys heterocycla biomass was more healthy to human at 40°С than 60°С. So Phyllostachys heterocycla biomass was fit to use after drying.
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Polosukhin, Alexey I., Andrey Yu Kovalevsky, Andrey V. Korostylev, Vadim A. Davankov, and Konstantin N. Gavrilov. "(3R,8R)-5-HY DRO-3,8-DIETHY L-1,6-DIOXA-4,9-DIAZA-5-PHOSPHASPIRO[4.4]NONANE. SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 159, no. 1 (April 1, 2000): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500008043651.
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Porter, J. B., R. D. Abeysinghe, K. P. Hoyes, C. Barra, E. R. Huehns, P. N. Brooks, M. P. Blackwell, et al. "Contrasting interspecies efficacy and toxicology of 1, 2 -diethy 1–3 -hydroxypyridin-4-one, CP9 4, relates to differing metabolism of the iron chelating site." British Journal of Haematology 85, no. 1 (September 1993): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb08660.x.
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Kamala, G. R., and A. K. Velagaleti. "SYNTHSIS, CHARACTERISATION AND ANTI MICROBIAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL 2-SUBSTITUTED QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVES." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 05 (May 28, 2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.05.10811.
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literature survey indicates that 2-substituted quinoxaline derivatives possess different pharmacological and biological activities, of which most potent activities are anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity. In view of above literature, we planned to synthesize novel 2-Substituted quinoxaline derivatives. The final synthesised were characterized by physical (M.P, TLC) and spectral analysis (1HNMR, IR). The 2-substituted quinoxaline nucleus was constructed by condensation of o-phenylene diamine and diethy loxalate in equimolar quantities which upon heating yielded quinoxaline -2, 3-diol moiety. The quinoxaline -2,3-diol was treated with POCl3 to furnish 2,3-di chloro quinoxaline (2). Further the 2-chloro-3-hydrazinoquinoxaline (3) was synthesized by the reaction of 2,3- dichloroquinoxaline (2) and hydrazine hydrate in methanolic medium upon refluxing for 60 min. different Schiff’s bases of 2-chloro-3- hydrazine quinoxaline were obtained by refluxing the appropriate substituted benzaldehyde and 2-chloro-3-hydrazinoquinoxaline (3) in acetic medium for 3 h. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by using cup plate method against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans at 100, 50 μg/mL concentration using ciprofloxacin and clotrimazole as reference standard drugs respectively. Compounds 4e and 4f showed significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4a and 4d showed significant activity against Bacillus subtilis, the compound 4c showed good activity against the organism Bacillus pumilus, whereas the compound 4a shown moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The rest of the compounds showed weak activity when compared to the standard ciprofloxacin and clotrimazole.
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Baskin, S. I., E. W. Nealley, and J. C. Lempka. "Cyanide toxicity in mice pretreated with diethylamine nitric oxide complex." Human & Experimental Toxicology 15, no. 1 (January 1996): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719601500103.
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1 Since the literature suggested a portion of the overall toxicity of cyanide (CN) may be affected by nitric oxide, we investigated a long acting NO releasing complex (diethy lamine/nitric oxide (DEA/NO)) which may exhibit vasodi latory as well as other nitric oxide effects to determine its ability to modify CN toxicity. Sodium nitrite, a vasodilator commonly used to treat cyanide toxicity thought to act by methemoglobin (MHb) formation, can be rapidly trans formed to nitric oxide (NO). 2 Mice (n=10 per dose) were administered one of five doses of sodium cyanide (NaCN) intraperitoneally (4.28,5.08,6.03,7.17 and 8.52 mg kg-1). DEA/NO was given intravenously (20 mg kg-1) 2 min prior to NaCN. As a control, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), which inhibits NO synthesis, was administered intravenously (70 mg kg-1) to mice, 3 min prior to DEA/NO. 3 Before CN toxicity studies, we determined whether DEA/NO was producing MHb by collecting tail vein blood from mice and measuring MHb levels. For example, 4 min after DEA/NO administration (5,10, and 20 mg kg-1), MHb levels were 1.2 7 ± 0.28%, 2.60 ± 0.26% and 6.53 ±0.54% respectively. O2 capacity was also decreased in a dose related manner. Carboxyhemoglobin or percent O2 satura tion, on the other hand, was not significantly inhibited. The LD50 increased from 5.75 ± 0.026 (CN alone) to 7.66 ± 0.021 mg kg-1 (CN+DEA/NO) resulting in a protec tive ratio of 1.73. 4 Results suggest the following: (1) L-NMMA, which inhibits the synthesis of endogenous NO, appears to exacerbate the DEA/NO (or exogenous NO) response; (2) DEA/NO appears to reduce the toxicity of CN which suggests that a portion of CN toxicity may be affected by a NO component; and (3) low DEA/NO doses may act via a direct effect while higher doses (40 mg kg-1) may allow for formation of a concentration of MHb which can bind CN to form cyanomethemoglobin and reduce the toxicity of CN.
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Chyż, Katarzyna, and Kamil K. Hozyasz. "Comparison of diet in phenylketonuria and its costs with a traditional diet, based on 24-hour model meal plans." Pediatria Polska 93, no. 3 (2018): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/polp.2018.77434.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Diethy"
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Almeida, Mariana Sofia Magalhães. "Dieta mediterrânica e dieta atlântica: efeitos na saúde." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7561.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoO estudo dos padrões alimentares capta o efeito cumulativo e de interação dos vários alimentos e nutrientes e podem ser mais facilmente interpretados pela população, assumindo assim particular importância em Saúde Pública. A Dieta Mediterrânica (DM) e a Dieta Atlântica (DA) são padrões alimentares definidos por uma abordagem orientada por hipóteses prévias (a priori) e são representativos de uma determinada região e dos seus costumes culturais e sociais, reforçados ao longo de vários anos. Cada um apresenta na sua composição propriedades que lhes conferem o estatuto de alimentação saudável. Em termos de efeitos benéficos na saúde, a DM e os seus componentes têm sido exaustivamente associados a um menor risco cardiovascular, conferindo também um papel protetor sobre a incidência e mortalidade por cancro, em especial cancro da mama, da próstata, gástrico e colo-retal. A DM também apresenta evidência de ter um papel favorável na prevenção e tratamento da obesidade, diabetes, doenças inflamatórias reumáticas, osteoporose e a nível cognitivo. Em relação ao papel da DA na saúde, este tem muito menor evidência fruto da sua definição muito mais recente, tendo sido já associada a melhor perfil cardiovascular. Quer a DM quer a DA parecem sofrer atualmente uma espécie de descaracterização, havendo uma aproximação do seu padrão tradicional a outros padrões de regiões carateristicamente diferentes. Esta ocidentalização dos padrões preocupa a comunidade científica em geral.
The study of dietary patterns captures the cumulative and interaction effect of various foods and nutrients and can be more easily interpreted by the population, thus assuming particular importance in Public Health. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Atlantic Diet (AD) are dietary patterns defined by a hypothesis oriented approach (a priori) and are representative of a particular region and its cultural and social customs, reinforced over several years. Each one has properties that give them the status of healthy diets. In terms of benefits to health, the MD and its components have been extensively associated with a lower cardiovascular risk, and also a protective effect on cancer incidence and mortality, especially breast cancer, prostate, gastric and colorectal cancer has been described. The MD also presents evidence of having a favorable role in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, osteoporosis and at the cognitive level. The role of the AD in health, has much less evidence due to its much more recent definition, but it has already been associated with a better cardiovascular profile. Both the MD and AD seem to suffer a kind of decharacterization, with an approximation of the traditional pattern to other patterns of regions that are characteristically different. This westernization of dietary patterns concerns the scientific community in general.
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Monteiro, Maria Emília Lopes. "Efeitos de uma dieta com teores baixo de carboidratos e elevado de proteínas e lipídeos no fígado de ratas." Niterói, 2018. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/5499.
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Há algumas décadas, dietas cetogênicas como a preconizada pelo Dr. Atkins, composta por 0% a 20% da oferta energética fornecida por carboidratos, 55% a 65% por proteínas e 25% a 35% por lipídeos são usadas visando ao emagrecimento. Mais recentemente, a indicação foi ampliada para algumas doenças neurológicas. A hipótese deste estudo é que, como o fígado recebe diretamente macronutrientes da absorção intestinal, as modificações na composição desses componentes da dieta possam levar à lesão dos hepatócitos. O objetivo geral do estudo é verificar o efeito de uma dieta com teores baixo de carboidratos e elevado de proteínas e lipídeos no fígado de ratas por análise bioquímica plasmática, histologia e citometria de fluxo do fígado. Vinte ratas, divididas em dois grupos, receberam dieta controle e dieta experimental. Os animais controles receberam dieta AIN-93M e os experimentais, dieta baseada na do Dr. Atkins, com carboidrato (8,44%), proteínas (57,19%), lipídeos (34,36%) e água, ad libitum, por oito semanas. As ratas no estro em jejum foram anestesiadas e pesadas, a glicemia capilar foi dosada e a coleta de sangue foi realizada para avaliar transaminases, ureia, creatinina, triacilglicerol, colesterol, lipoproteína de alta densidade, lipoproteína de baixa densidade, β-hidroxibutirato, malondialdeído, glucagon, insulina, interleucina-6 e fator de necrose tumoral. Seis fragmentos do fígado foram retirados e colocados em solução fisiológica a 0,9% para citometria de fluxo, e o restante do órgão colocado em solução de formalina neutra tamponada a 10% para microscopia óptica. O tecido adiposo branco periovariano bilateral foi retirado e pesado. Os resultados foram apresentados, como média e desvio padrão para a comparação, o teste t de Student, não pareado, e o teste ANOVA, seguido do teste de Tukey. Utilizou-se o teste de Pearson para estudos de correlação, sendo p<0,05 com significância. As médias de peso dos dois grupos aumentaram, sem diferença estatística no início e ao final. A média da ingestão de água foi 1,6 vezes maior no experimental. A média do consumo de dieta sempre foi significativamente menor no experimental, exceto na segunda semana. O peso do tecido adiposo foi menor no grupo experimental. Houve diferença estatística nas seguintes dosagens: transaminases, ureia, triacilglicerol, malondialdeído, e β- hidroxibutirato. Com exceção do triacilglicerol, todos foram maiores no grupo experimental. O peso do tecido adiposo periovariano foi menor no grupo de dieta experimental. A média do peso do fígado foi maior no grupo experimental. O aspecto macroscópico do fígado foi normal em ambos os grupos, e o estudo histológico do grupo experimental demonstrou sinusoides hepáticos alargados, hepatócitos de tamanho diminuído e glicogênio hepático diminuído. Não foi identificada autofagia dependende de Blimp-1 no estudo. A citometria de fluxo demonstrou que, o grupo experimental apresentou 30,85 ± 2,20% de células inviáveis; e no controle 13,22 ± 1,43%, com p<0,05. Houve correlação positiva entre o percentual de células inviáveis e malondialdeído plasmático, e negativa com triacilglicerol plasmático, o que pode sugerir serem estes possíveis indicadores plasmáticos de lesão hepática, associados à dieta experimental. Conclui-se que a dieta experimental levou à lesão hepática (apoptose) no estudo.
For many decades, ketogenic diets as Atkins diet, composed of 0% - 20% calories from carbohydrate, 55% - 65% protein and 25% - 35% lipids have been used to weight loss. More recently, the indication was expanded to some neurological diseases. The overall objective of the study is to assess the effect of a lowcarbohydrate, high-protein and lipids diet on the liver of rats by plasma biochemical analysis, histology and cytometric liver flow study.The hypothesis is that as the liver gets directly absorption of macronutrients, low- carbohydrates, high-protein and lipids diets can injure hepatocytes. Twenty female rats were divided into control diet group and experimental diet group. The control group received an AIN-93M diet and the experimental one a diet based on the Atkins's diet with carbohydrates (8.44%), protein (57.19%), lipids (34.36%) and water, ad libitum, for eight weeks. The rats in estrous cycle were anesthetized, weighted, capillary glucose was dosed and blood was collected for measurement of transaminases, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, β-hydroxybutyrate, malonaldehyde, glucagon, insulin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. Six liver fragments were removed and placed in physiological solution at 0.9% for flow cytometry and the rest of the organ was put in a neutral buffered formalin 10% solution for optical microscopy. The white adipose tissue bilateral periovarian was pulled out and weighted. The results were presented as a mean and standard deviation, and the comparison between the average with Student's t-test unpaired, and ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Pearson's test was used for correlation studies. It was considered a statistically significant difference at p <0.05. The average weight of the two groups increased during the study. At the beginning and in the end of the study, there was no statistical difference in mean weight. The average water intake was 1.6 times higher in the experimental group. The average dietary intake was significantly lower in the experimental group, except in the second week. There was a statistical difference between the groups in only the following dosages: transaminases, urea, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, and β-hydroxybutyrate. Adipose tissue weight was smaller in the experimental group. The mean weight of liver was greater in the experimental. The macroscopic appearance of the liver was normal in both groups and the histological study demonstrated that the experimental group had an extended hepatic sinusoid, decreased the size of hepatocytes and decreased liver glycogen. Autophagy has not been identified. Flow cytometry showed statistical significance, in the experimental group 30.85% ± 2.20% were inviable cells while in the control group 13.22 ± 1.43% were, with p <0.05. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of non-viable cells and plasma malondialdehyde and a negative with plasma triglycerides suggesting that they are possible plasma indicators of hepatic injury associated with the experimental diet. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a low-carbohydrate and high-protein and lipids diet leads to liver damage, and apoptosis is the main cell injury process
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Bédard, Annabelle 1986. "Nutritional factors in asthma = Facteurs nutritionels dans l'asthme." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460881.
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The general aim of the thesis was to assess the role of nutritional factors in asthma in the French E3N study.
The first objective was to compare principal component (PCA) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to identify dietary patterns. In comparison with PCA patterns, CFA patterns were more relevant in terms of correlations with food groups and socio-economic characteristics, and associations with adult-onset asthma.
The second objective was to assess the joint roles of physical activity and obesity on asthma using marginal structural models. Analyses showed that obesity was related causally to current asthma with symptoms independently of physical activity, whereas no association was reported for physical activity.
The third objective was to assess the modifying role of overweight in the association between domestic cleaning spray use and current asthma. Analyses showed that among women without anti-inflammatory therapy, the effect of spray use on asthma was higher in overweight women.L’objectiu general de la tesi fou avaluar el paper dels factors nutricionals en l’asma. El primer objectiu fou comparar l’anàlisi de components principals (PCA) amb l’anàlisi factorial confirmatori (CFA) per identificar patrons de dieta. Comparat amb els patrons obtinguts amb PCA, els patrons obtinguts amb CFA mostraven major correlació amb grups d’aliments i característiques sociodemogràfiques, i aconseguien millor predicció de la incidència d’asma. El segon objectiu fou avaluar l’efecte conjunt de l’activitat física i l’obesitat en l’asma, utilitzant models marginals estructurals. Els resultats mostraren que l’obesitat es relaciona causalment amb els símptomes d’asma independentment de l’activitat física, mentre que no es va trobar cap efecte de l’activitat física. El tercer objectiu fou estudiar el paper modificador del sobrepès en l’associació entre l’ús de pulveritzadors de neteja domèstica i la presència d’asma. Les anàlisis mostraren que l’efecte de l’ús dels pulveritzadors era més gran en dones amb sobrepès i tractament antiinflamatori
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Barbosa, Lhais de Paula 1990. "Consumo de gorduras e escolaridade em adultos : estudo de base populacional no município de Campinas, SP." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312916.
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Orientador: Marilisa Berti de Azevedo BarrosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O consumo de gorduras é essencial na alimentação humana. Os lipídios contribuem ativamente como precursores na síntese de hormônios, fazem parte da estrutura das membranas celulares, compõe a bile, participam da resposta autoimune e do transporte de vitaminas lipossolúveis e garantem o aporte energético da dieta. Contudo, o excesso na ingestão deste nutriente representa risco para o desenvolvimento de uma série de doenças crônicas e o aumento da ingestão de gorduras na dieta das populações foi uma característica marcante no processo de transição nutricional. O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar o perfil de ingestão de gordura segundo escolaridade e sexo na população adulta residente no município de Campinas. Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional que avaliou a dieta de 949 adultos residentes na área urbana do município de Campinas por meio do instrumento Recordatório de 24 horas (R24h). A composição nutricional da dieta foi calculada a partir do software NDS-R versão 2007 e para a análise dos dados foram calculadas as proporções e estimadas as médias com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% utilizando os modelos lineares generalizados, com base na distribuição do tipo Gamma, para variáveis assimétricas. Como resultados, pode-se observar que a dieta apresentou-se normoglicídica, normolipídica e normoproteica, segundo as recomendações do IOM de 2005, tanto para homens quanto para mulheres e em todos os estratos de escolaridade. Sobre o consumo dos diferentes tipos de gordura, quando analisados por sexo e escolaridade, foi verificado para o sexo masculino maior consumo de gordura total, gordura saturada, gordura monoinsaturada e gordura trans entre os mais escolarizados. Entre as mulheres, foi observado maior consumo de gordura saturada e menor consumo de gorduras poliinsaturadas nos estratos de maior escolaridade. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que, em linhas gerais, o consumo de determinados tipos de gordura é elevado na população estudada e que as gorduras mais consumidas foram àquelas com potencial de prejudicar a saúde: gordura saturada e gordura trans. Pode-se dizer diante dos resultados encontrados que o nível de escolaridade está associado à maior ingestão de gorduras na alimentação já que os indivíduos mais escolarizados, de um modo geral, apresentaram maior consumo médio de gorduras. Estes resultados podem sinalizar uma etapa do processo de transição nutricional em que as populações mais favorecidas apresentam piores indicadores para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Por esta razão faz-se necessária a realização de inquéritos alimentares periódicos a fim de monitorar a tendência deste comportamento na população
Abstract: The intake of fat is essential in human nutrition. Lipids actively contribute as precursors in the synthesis of hormones; they are part of the structure of cell membranes and bile, participate in autoimmune response and in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins and ensure the energy intake of the diet. However, the excess intake of this nutrient represents a risk for the development of several chronic diseases and the increased intake of fats in the population diet was a remarkable feature in the nutritional transition process. The aim of this dissertation was to analyse the fat intake profile according to the education and sex in the adult population living in the city of Campinas. This is a cross-sectional population-based study which evaluate the diet of 949 adults living in the urban area of Campinas through the instrument 24-hours Recall (R24h). The nutritional composition of the diet was calculated with the NDS-R software version 2007 and for the data analysis was calculated the proportions and estimated the means with its respective confidence interval of 95% using the generalized linear models, based in the distribution of Gamma type, for the asymmetric variables. As results, it could be observed the diet was normal for carbohydrates, fats and proteins, according to the 2005 IOM recommendations, for both men and women and in all educational strata. For the intake of different types of fat, when analysed by sex and education, it was verified for male a greater intake of total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and trans fat among the more educated. Among women, it was observed a greater intake of saturated fat and lower intake of polyunsaturated fat in the more educated strata. The results of the study show that, in general, the intake of certain types of fat is high in the population evaluated and the most consumed fats were those with potential to jeopardize health: saturated and trans fat. Thus, the results affirm that education is associated with a greater intake of fat since the most educated, in general, had a greater mean intake of fat. This results can signalize a stage in the process of nutritional transition where the most rich population have the worst indicators for noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore it is necessary to perform regular food surveys to monitor this behavior trend in the population
Mestrado
Epidemiologia
Mestra em Saúde Coletiva
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Pavão, Jéssica Correia. "FODMAPs in foods: differences between food patterns and countries." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10788.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoFermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols (FODMAP) are poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates, that are rapidly fermented by the intestinal microbiota, with consequent gas production and water retention, leading to the distention of intestinal walls and symptoms associated with functional gut disorders. The low-FODMAP diet is an individualized dietary strategy design to reduce the FODMAP intake in order to achieve symptoms control. The knowledge about the FODMAP content of foods allows a more accurate implementation of the diet. Furthermore, there are factors capable of influencing the FODMAP content of foods that may present an opportunity to manipulate foods and reduce their FODMAP content. Regional crop varieties may also influence in the FODMAP intake since each country has their own food habits. Most of the information about FODMAP content of foods is prevenient from Australia. In North America and Europe, this approach is growing. In Eastern countries the limited knowledge may lead to other practicality challenges. This review of literature aims to identify the differences in the FODMAP content between different foods and dietary patterns of various countries. Also, it aims to verify whether other factors could influence the final FODMAP content. This review was elaborated through an online bibliographic search using electronic PubMed database. There is not much information about the FODMAP content of regions-specific foods. Nevertheless, it is possible to manipulate the FODMAP content and adapt the dietary pattern in order to reduce the FODMAP intake, but also, to acknowledge cultural differences.
Oligossacarídeos, dissacarídeos, monossacarídeos fermentáveis e polióis (FODMAP) são hidratos de carbono de cadeia curta mal absorvidos e rapidamente fermentáveis pelas bactérias intestinais, com consequente produção de gás e retenção de água, que distendem as paredes intestinais e induzem sintomas associados a desordens intestinais funcionais. A dieta pobre em FODMAPs é uma estratégia dietética individualizada formulada para reduzir o consumo de FODMAPs e controlar os sintomas. Conhecer o conteúdo em FODMAP dos alimentos leva à implementação mais precisa desta dieta. Existem ainda outros fatores capazes de influenciar o conteúdo em FODMAPs dos alimentos que podem ser uma oportunidade para manipular alimentos e reduzir o conteúdo em FODMAPs. Variedades culturais poderão também influenciar o consumo de FODMAPs pois cada país possui hábitos alimentares característicos. A informação acerca do conteúdo em FODMAP advém maioritariamente da Austrália. Na América do Norte e Europa esta abordagem está a crescer. Nos países Orientais o conhecimento limitado leva a desafios práticos. Esta revisão da literatura objetiva identificar as diferenças no conteúdo de FODMAP entre diferentes alimentos e padrões alimentares em vários países. Além disso, visa verificar a influência de outros fatores no conteúdo final de FODMAPs. Esta revisão foi elaborada através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica online com recurso à base de dados eletrónica PubMed. Existe pouca informação sobre o conteúdo em FODMAPs de alimentos específicos de cada região. No entanto, é possível manipular o conteúdo em FODMAP e adaptar os padrões alimentares de modo a reduzir a ingestão de FODMAPs e reconhecer diferenças culturais.
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Fernandes, Mayra Pacheco. "Construção e validação de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar para avaliar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos em pré-escolares." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3892.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Durante a infância, a combinação do dente imaturo recém-irrompido em um meio bucal com microbiota cariogênica e frequente ingestão de carboidratos fermentáveis pode proporcionar dentes muitos suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de lesão de cárie. Os métodos de investigação do consumo de alimentos são considerados ferramentas básicas da epidemiologia nutricional devido à importância da dieta na etiologia de diversas enfermidades, entre elas a cárie dentária, a qual tem sido evidenciada em pesquisas epidemiológicas. No entanto, avaliar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos ainda é um desafio pela inexistência de instrumentos dietéticos validados com esta finalidade. Por este motivo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo criar e validar um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA) para analisar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos entre pré-escolares. Foi desenvolvido um QFA quantitativo contendo 24 alimentos que apresentam potencial cariogênico. Foram incluídas na amostra oitenta e nove crianças com idade entre três e seis anos que estavam aguardando atendimento no Ambulatório da Unidade Clínica Infantil da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, sendo 37 do sexo masculino e 52 do sexo feminino. Durante a entrevista o(a) responsável respondia se a criança havia consumido o alimento descrito no QFA no último ano, a frequência de consumo (por dia, semana, mês ou ano) e a porção consumida. A seguir, era perguntado sobre a ingestão alimentar da criança no dia anterior à entrevista. Após, o instrumento foi submetido a um processo de validação, através da comparação dos dados obtidos através do QFA com um método de referência, ou seja, o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas (R24hs). Os alimentos e preparações constantes nos recordatórios foram analisados em relação à composição calórica e de nutrientes no programa ADS Nutri. Os dados dos QFAs foram duplamente digitados em planilhas do programa Excel. A validade foi avaliada comparando os dados de ingestão média de nutrientes obtidos a partir do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar com dados da ingestão de nutrientes obtidos no recordatório alimentar do dia anterior, sendo utilizados os Coeficientes de Correlação de Pearson para avaliar a associação entre as estimativas de ingestão de nutrientes entre os instrumentos. O consumo médio dos nutrientes foi maior quando avaliado pelos recordatórios, enquanto apenas a ingestão de energia e carboidratos foram maiores no QFA. Ao fazer as analises ajustadas para calorias ingeridas, o consumo médio dos nutrientes se manteve igual. A análise estatística revelou que na análise bruta, apesar de se observar correlações positivas e significativas entres os dois métodos, as mesmas apresentaram valores baixos. Já na análise ajustada todos as correlações perderam a significância e, além disso, apresentaram coeficientes de correlação muito baixos, o que não permitiu a validação do questionário. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que o QFA desenvolvido não foi válido para analisar o consumo de alimentos cariogênicos em pré-escolares, sendo necessária a realização de nova tentativa de validação, comparando o QFA a outro método de avaliação de ingestão.
During childhood, the combination of immature tooth newly erupted in a oral environment with cariogenic and frequent intake of fermentable carbohydrates microbiota can provide many teeth susceptible to developing caries. The food consumption of the research methods are considered basic tools of nutritional epidemiology because of the importance of diet in the etiology of various diseases, including tooth decay, which has been shown in epidemiological research. However, evaluating the consumption of cariogenic foods is still a challenge for the lack of dietary validated instruments for this purpose. For this reason, the present study aimed to create and validate a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to analyze the consumption of cariogenic foods among preschoolers. A quantitative FFQ containing 24 foods that have cariogenic potential was developed. Were sampled eighty-nine children aged between three and six years who were waiting for service at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, with 37 males and 52 females. During the interview (a) responsible answered whether the child had consumed the food described in FFQ in the last year, the frequency of consumption (per day, week, month or year) and the consumed portion. Next, was asked about the food intake of the child the day before the interview. After the instrument was subjected to a validation process, by comparing the data obtained from the FFQ with a reference method, that is, dietary recall the previous day (R24hs). Food and preparations listed in the recalls were analyzed for caloric and nutrient composition in ADS Nutri program. Data from QFAs were double entered in Excel spreadsheets. Validity was assessed by comparing the average intake of nutrient data obtained from the Food Frequency Questionnaire with nutrient intake data obtained in the previous day food recall, the Pearson correlation coefficients being used to evaluate the association between estimated nutrient intake between instruments. The average intake of nutrients was higher when evaluated by the recall, while only the intake of energy and carbohydrates were higher in the FFQ. By doing the analysis adjusted for energy intake, the average consumption of nutrients remained the same. Statistical analysis revealed that the crude analysis, although we did see a positive correlations between the two methods, they showed low values. In the adjusted analysis of all the correlations lost significance and, furthermore, show low correlation coefficients, which did not allow validation of the questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that the FFQ developed was not valid to analyze the consumption of cariogenic foods in preschool, being necessary to perform retry validation by comparing the FFQ to another intake assessment method.
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França, Natasha Aparecida Grande de. "Associação entre o padrão alimentar e a densidade mineral óssea de mulheres menopausadas com osteoporose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21102014-105421/.
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Introdução: A osteoporose requer estratégias para prevenir sua progressão, garantindo melhores condições de vida aos pacientes. Padrões alimentares fornecem informações sobre a influência da dieta global, contribuindo para o cuidado desses indivíduos. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o padrão alimentar e a densidade mineral óssea de mulheres menopausadas com osteoporose. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal com 156 mulheres (> 45 anos), atendidas em ambulatório da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO; g/cm2) da coluna (CL), fêmur total (FT), colo do fêmur (CF) e corpo total (CT) foram obtidas por absorciometria de feixe duplo. Peso (kg), estatura (m), Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC; kg/m2), gordura corporal (g), massa magra (g) e informações sobre os hábitos de vida também foram obtidos. A dieta foi avaliada por registro alimentar de 3 dias. Os padrões alimentares (PA) foram derivados via análise fatorial por componentes principais a partir de 13 grupos de alimentos. Utilizou-se regressão linear múltipla ajustada para ingestão energética e de cálcio, idade, tempo de menopausa e massa magra. Também foi conduzida ANOVA Two-way para avaliar a associação integrada dos PA com o IMC sobre a DMO, seguida de regressão linear estratificada pelas categorias de IMC. Adotou-se significância de 5 por cento . Resultados: Obteve-se 5 PA: 1) Saudável (frutas, hortaliças, tubérculos e raízes); 2) Carne vermelha e cereais refinados; 3) Laticínios magros; 4) Doces, café e chás; e 5) Ocidental (sucos artificiais, refrigerantes, snacks, pizzas, tortas e gorduras). O padrão Doces, café e chás foi inversamente associado à DMO do FT ( = -0.178; CI 95 por cento : -0.039 - -0.000) e à DMO do CT ( = -0,320; CI 95 por cento : -0,059 - -0,017). O padrão Saudável apresentou associação positiva com a DMO do FT entre as mulheres com IMC normal ( = 0,251; CI 95 por cento : 0,002 0,056). Conclusão: Uma dieta com elevada ingestão de doces, café e chás teve associação negativa com a DMO do fêmur e corpo total, enquanto o PA Saudável foi positivamente associado à DMO do fêmur entre aquelas com IMC normal.Introduction: Osteoporosis claims for strategies to preventing disease progression, ensuring a better quality of life to patients. Dietary patterns could provide information about the influence of overall diet on osteoporosis treatment, contributing to osteoporotic care. Objective: To investigate the association between dietary patterns and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 156 postmenopausal osteoporotic women, over 45 y, attended in an outpatient clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Bone Mineral Density (BMD; g/cm2) of Lumbar Spine (LS), Total Femur (TF), Femoral Neck (FN), and Total Body (TB) were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weight (kg), height (m), Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2), body fat (g), lean mass (g) and lifestyle information were also assessed. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 3-day food diary. Dietary patterns were obtained by principal component factor in the 13 previously formed food groups. Adjusted linear regression analysis was applied in order to evaluate the predict effect of dietary patterns on BMD. Two-way ANOVA was used to investigate the association between dietary patterns and BMI with BMD, followed by a linear regression model stratified by BMI categories. Significance level was set as 5 per cent . Results: Five patterns were retained: 1) Healthy (vegetables, fruits, tubers, and tuberous roots); 2) Red meat and refined cereals; 3) Low-fat dairy; 4) Sweets, coffee and tea; and 5) Western (fats, snacks, pizzas, pies, soft drinks, and fruit drinks). The Sweets, coffee, and tea pattern was inversely associated with TF BMD ( = -0.178; CI 95 per cent : -0.039 - -0.000) and with TB BMD ( = -0.320; CI 95 per cent : -0.059 - -0.017), whereas the Healthy pattern was positively associated with TF BMD only among those who were in the normal BMI category ( = 0.251; CI 95 per cent : 0.002 0.056). Conclusions: A diet with higher intake of Sweets, coffee, and tea was a negatively associated with TF and TB BMD, whereas a Healthy pattern showed a positive association with TF BMD among the women with normal BMI.
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Melim, Ema Margarida Gonçalves. "Achieving a planetary health diet: red meat and legumes availability in Portugal." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8520.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoAims: The global food system has strong implications in the depletion of natural resources, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. To face the current challenges, a planetary health diet was recently proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, serving as a guide to the implementation of diets aligned with the environmental boundaries of the planet. The aim of this paper is to compare the planetary health diet recommendations with the current consumption of legumes and red meat in Portugal, exploring different policy strategies that promote healthy and environmentally sustainable eating patterns in the country. Methods: Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Food Balance Sheets regarding legumes and red meat supply was used, as well as Statistics Portugal data for production and consumption of red meat, and National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey concerning consumption of both legumes and red meat. Results: The national consumption of red meat is four times above (68g/day) the recommendations for a healthy and sustainable diet while legumes consumption is three times below (24g/day) what is recommended, reflecting a nutritional transition to a westernized food pattern, both unhealthy and unsustainable. Conclusions: Integrated policies that promote increased information and awareness regarding sustainable diets and effective changes in the food environment that facilitate sustainable food choices by consumers are essential to support a dietary shift in the country towards plant-based diets aligned with the planetary boundaries and sustainable development goals.
Objetivos: O sistema alimentar global tem fortes implicações na degradação ambiental do planeta e alterações climáticas. Recentemente, foi proposta uma dieta de saúde planetária pela EAT-Lancet Commission que serve de referência para a promoção de padrões alimentares alinhados com os limites ambientais do planeta. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o consumo de leguminosas e de carne vermelha em Portugal no âmbito da recente referência planetária, explorando possíveis estratégias políticas que promovam a transição para uma alimentação ambientalmente mais sustentável no país. Metodologias: Foram utilizados dados das Balanças Alimentares da Food and Agriculture Organization relativos à disponibilidade de leguminosas e carne vermelha, dados estatísticos do Instituto Nacional de Estatística sobre produção e consumo de carne vermelha, e dados do Inquérito Alimentar Nacional e de Atividade Física relativamente ao consumo de leguminosas e carne vermelha. Resultados: O consumo nacional de carne vermelha encontra-se aproximadamente quatro vezes acima (68g/d) das recomendações para uma dieta de saúde planetária enquanto que o consumo de leguminosas se encontra três vezes abaixo (24g/d) do recomendado, refletindo uma transição nutricional para um padrão alimentar mais ocidentalizado, pouco saudável e insustentável. Conclusões: Políticas integradas que promovam a informação e a sensibilização para uma alimentação sustentável e a modificação do ambiente alimentar que facilite escolhas mais sustentáveis pelos consumidores são essenciais para que o padrão alimentar em Portugal se aproxime da dieta planetária, contribuindo ainda para os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável e alterações climáticas.
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Botelho, Juliana Nunes 1983. "Cariogenicity of the combination of sucrose with starch and effect of fluoride toothpaste on enamel and dentine demineralization : Cariogenicidade da combinação de sacarose com amido e efeito de dentifrício fluoretado na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289272.
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Orientador: Jaime Aparecido CuryTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Sacarose é o carboidrato mais cariogênico da dieta e o amido é considerado não cariogênico para esmalte e moderadamente cariogênico para dentina. Por outro lado, a combinação de amido e sacarose (amido+sacarose) tem sido considerada mais cariogênica que apenas sacarose, mas esse ainda é um assunto em debate. Além do mais, o efeito do dentifrício fluoretado na cariogenicidade dessa combinação é desconhecido. Assim, com o objetivo de estudar esse assunto três experimentos foram conduzidos: (i) o primeiro avaliou efeito de amido+sacarose na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina, usando um modelo de biofilme de S. mutans modificado pela adição de saliva para simular a ação da amilase, (ii) o segundo avaliou in situ o efeito do dentifrício contendo 1.100 µg F/g (DF) na progressão da desmineralização da dentina radicular, e o terceiro (iii) avaliou in situ o efeito do fluoreto no potencial cariogênico de amido+sacarose na desmineralização de esmalte e dentina. In vitro, biofilmes de S. mutans foram formados sobre blocos de esmalte e dentina radicular, por 5 e 4 dias respectivamente, em meio de cultura contendo saliva e expostos a um dos seguintes tratamentos: amido a 1%, sacarose a 10% ou de sua combinação (8x/dia). Os biofilmes foram analisados quanto às suas composições bioquímicas e microbiológicas, e a desmineralização dos blocos foi avaliada. Biofilmes expostos à combinação foram mais acidogênicos (p<0,0001) e provocaram maior desmineralização (p<0,0001) no esmalte e dentina que o efeito dos carboidratos isolados. In situ, o efeito do DF foi testado em um estudo piloto, cruzado no qual sacarose a 10% foi aplicada extraoralmente 8x/dia em 2 fases de 14 dias. Após 10 e 14 dias em cada fase, a desmineralização da dentina foi avaliada. O efeito do dentifrício foi significativo (p<0,0001), mas o efeito do tempo não (p>0,05). Esses resultados sugerem que o DF com 1.100 µg F/g é capaz de diminuir a cárie dentinária mesmo sob alto desafio cariogênico de acúmulo de biofilme e exposição à sacarose. In situ, o efeito dos tratamentos (água, amido a 2%, sacarose a 10% e amido+sacarose) e o efeito do dentifrício (não fluoretado e fluoretado) foram testados em um estudo cruzado, cego, boca-dividida em 4 fases de 14 dias. Os voluntários usaram dois dos tratamentos 8x/dia e um dos dentifrícios 3x/dia. O efeito dos fatores (dentifrício e tratamentos) foram significativos (p<0,05) para esmalte e dentina, mas a interação não (p>0,05). Os resultados sugerem que, independente do desafio cariogênico provocado pelos diferentes carboidratos da dieta testados, o dentifrício fluoretado é efetivo na redução da desmineralização de esmalte e dentina. Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que amido deve aumentar o potencial cariogênico da sacarose mas que fluoreto de dentifrício é capaz de reduzir a desmineralização tanto do esmalte quanto da dentina provocada pela combinação desses carboidratos
Abstract: Sucrose is the most cariogenic dietary carbohydrate while starch is considered non-cariogenic for enamel and slightly cariogenic for dentine. The combination starch and sucrose (starch+sucrose) has been considered more cariogenic than sucrose alone but this subject remains debatable. Also, the effect of fluoride toothpaste on the cariogenicity of this combination is unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate: (i) the effect of starch+sucrose on enamel and dentine demineralization using an S. mutans biofilm model modified by adding human saliva to simulate amylase action; (ii) the in situ effect of fluoride toothpaste (FT) containing 1100 µg F/g on dentine demineralization progression; and (iii) the in situ effect of fluoride on the cariogenic potential of starch+sucrose on enamel and dentine demineralization. In vitro, S. mutans biofilms were grown on enamel and root dentine slabs for 5 and 4 days, respectively, in a saliva-containing medium and exposed to the following treatment: 1% starch; 10% sucrose; or starch+sucrose (8x/day). Biofilms were then analyzed for their biochemical and microbiological compositions, and dental demineralization was evaluated. Biofilms exposed to starch+sucrose were more acidogenic (p < 0.0001) and caused higher demineralization (p < 0.0001) on either enamel or dentine than those exposed to each carbohydrate alone. The in situ effect of FT on dentine demineralization was tested in a pilot crossover study, in which 10% sucrose was applied extra-orally to the slabs 8x/day in 2 phases of 14 days each. At days 10 and 14 of each phase, dentine demineralization was evaluated. The effect of toothpaste was significant (p<0.0001), but the effect of time was not (p>0.05). The results suggest that FT at 1100 µg F/g can reduce dentine demineralization even under high cariogenic challenges - biofilm accumulation and sugar exposure. The in situ effect of the treatments (water, 2% starch, 10% sucrose and starch+sucrose) and that of the toothpastes (non-FT and FT) were tested in a crossover, single-blind and split-mouth study conducted in 4 phases of 14 days each. The volunteers used two of the treatments 8 times/day and one of the toothpastes 3 times/day. The effect of the factors (toothpaste and treatments) was significant (p<0.05) for enamel and dentine, but not (p>0.05) for the interaction. The findings suggest that, regardless of the cariogenic challenge provoked by the different sources of the dietary sugars tested, fluoride toothpaste is effective in reducing enamel and dentine demineralization. In conclusion, the results suggest that starch may enhance the cariogenic potential of sucrose and fluoride from toothpaste reduces enamel and dentine demineralization caused by the combination of these carbohydrates
Doutorado
Cariologia
Doutora em Odontologia
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WANSAPURA, ARSHANI N. "CHANGES IN FOOD SOURCES OF SODIUM IN THE DIETS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RESPONSE TO A DIETARY INTERVENTION EMPHASIZING A DASH TYPE DIET." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1154703684.
Full textBooks on the topic "Diethy"
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Mosley, Michael. La dieta FastDiet: Baje de peso y aumente su longevidad con el simple secreto del ayuno intermitente. Nueva York: Atria Español, 2013.
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S, Dobson, Touch Ralph J, United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organisation, World Health Organization, and Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals., eds. Diethyl phthalate. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003.
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Diety-ubiĭt͡sy. Moskva: Ėksmo, 2007.
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Dieta de las fibras: La fórmula anti-kilos más efectiva, duradera y natural. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Lea, 2006.
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C, Atkins Robert. La nueva revolución dietética Dr. Atkins. Barcelona: Ediciones B, 1996.
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Westman, Eric C. La nueva dieta de Atkins para tu nuevo ser: La dieta definitiva para perder peso y sentirse bien. México, D.F: Grijalbo/Random House Mondadori, 2011.
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La nueva revolución dietética. Madrid: Suma de Letras, 2001.
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C, Atkins Veronica, ed. El nuevo libro de cocina dietética del Dr. Atkins. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Libros en Español, 1997.
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Susana, Robles María, and Gutraich Ariel, eds. Alimentos sanadores para el sobrepeso. Bogotá: Editorial Norma, 2007.
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Sanjuán, Gloria. Quemar grasas: Dieta para quemar calorías. Alcobendas, Madrid: Editorial LIBSA, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Diethy"
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Masters, William A., Elena M. Martinez, Friederike Greb, Anna Herforth, and Sheryl L. Hendriks. "The Cost and Affordability of Preparing a Basic Meal Around the World." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 603–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_33.
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AbstractAll countries have a rising burden of diet-related disease from the consumption of unhealthy foods. About three billion people around the world cannot afford the diverse foods needed for a healthy diet. This chapter aims to extend previous work on diet cost and affordability to address the hidden costs of meal preparation inside the home. Costs of a basic meal based on market prices for the most affordable items are estimated in 168 countries. Also, the hidden costs of meal preparation are considered, taking account of environmental or social externalities from the production and distribution of food, as well as the health externalities involved in food consumption. The data shown here reveal that even the simple raw ingredients for a basic plate are often unaffordable for the poorest, and the added cost of time and fuel can make such meals prohibitively expensive. Results suggest two main avenues for policy action. First, governments should use the information on the least costly way to meet dietary standards to inform poverty lines and provide targeted assistance so as to ensure that citizens can acquire safe and nutritious items in sufficient quantities for an active and healthy life, using locale-appropriate safety nets. Second, food policies should recognize the hidden costs of meal preparation that often put healthier, more sustainable diets out of reach. Overcoming the hidden barriers to preparation of healthy meals will require support for helpful forms of food processing that preserve or enhance nutritional values, while taking action to limit potentially harmful forms of ultra-processing associated with diet-related disease. Food-based safety nets and improvements in the food environment can make healthy diets affordable for all people at all times, to help every country reach global development goals.
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Ganguly, Kavery, and Ashok Gulati. "Pulses Value Chain- Pigeon Pea and Gram." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 253–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4268-2_8.
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AbstractPulses form an important part of agriculture in India given that the country is the largest producer, consumer and importer of pulses. Owing to their natural resilience to extreme weather conditions, low water requirements and being environmentally benign, pulses have been traditionally a smallholder’s crop. However, with poor price realization, farmers are switching towards other remunerative crops such as sugarcane, soybean, among others. Unlike rice and wheat, pulses are not covered by the regular public procurement system which makes marketing of pulses at fair and remunerative prices a challenge for the farmers. Pulses are no longer a poor man’s diet given the escalating consumer prices. Nonetheless, it is considered as an important source of protein (given the large vegetarian diet base in India), consumption of which is being promoted to address the observed protein gap in the diets. Over time, per capita availability of pulses has declined like other traditional cereals. With changing consumption patterns and emerging dietary deficiencies, there is scope for enhancing consumption of pulses through traditional and value-added products.
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Jones, R., C. Vogliano, and B. Burlingame. "Sustainable diets and food-based dietary guidelines." In Sustainable diets: linking nutrition and food systems, 158–71. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786392848.0158.
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Farajian, Paul, and Antonis Zampelas. "Mediterranean Diet and Dietary Sodium Intake." In Diet Quality, 235–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7339-8_18.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Diethyl Adipate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 215. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3613.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Diethyl Carbonate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 215. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3617.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Diethyl Ether." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 216. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3629.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Diethyl Oxalate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 218. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3639.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Diethyl Phthalate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 218. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3640.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Diethyl Sebacate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 218. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3641.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Diethy"
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Thomas, David, Emma Bermingham, Mark Roberts, and Wayne Young. "An investigation into the effect of high fat and carbohydrate diets on a range of biomarkers associated with pancreatitis in dogs." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/uvdt4784.
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Studies suggest that dogs preferentially choose fat as their major dietary energy source (59-63% of the total metabolisable energy (ME) content of the diet). However, high fat diets have been linked to the development of pancreatitis in dogs. This study investigated several biomarkers associated with pancreatitis in dogs fed either a high fat (HF; Protein: Fat: Carbohydrate content; 35%:63%:2% ME; n= 10 dogs) or high carbohydrate (HC; Protein: Fat: Carbohydrate content; 17%:32%:51% ME) diet.A high fat meal tolerance test (MTT) was undertaken on dogs (n=20) at baseline consuming a commercial dry food diet (Protein: Fat: Carbohydrate content; 23%:25%:52% on an ME basis) and then again after 8 weeks consuming either a HF (n=10) or HC (n=10) diet. Briefly, after an overnight fast, dogs were fed a single meal containing 100% of their daily requirements (P: F: C content; 35%:63%:2% ME). Each dog was then blood sampled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-prandially. Samples were analysed for plasma triglycerides and markers of pancreatitis (i.e., pancreatic lipase, endotoxin, C-reactive protein, Interleukin 1-alpha, Interleukin 6 and Tumour necrosis factor-alpha). The postprandial peak plasma concentration of triglycerides (Cmax) were higher (p less than 0.001) at baseline, compared to after feeding of the either the HC or HF diets for 8 weeks. This suggests dietary components such as moisture level, specific ingredients, level of diet processing, and possibly apparent nutrient digestibility were potential factors driving this response. There was no effect of feeding either HF or HC diets on Cmax values (P >0.05) during the final MTT. This study suggests that feeding a HF diet for 8 weeks does not elevate blood markers associated with pancreatitis, with the serum biochemistry and complete blood count indicating the dogs remained clinically healthy.
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Aluko, Rotimi. "Protein gelation enhances resistance to proteolysis and in vivo cholesterol-lowering ability of the indigestible proteins." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ztlc7556.
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Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death globally with excessive levels of blood cholesterol being a major risk factor. A dietary approach towards reducing this health risk is the intake of foods enriched with indigestible proteins that bind cholesterol to minimize reabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract. However, the level of indigestible proteins in regular foods is low and normal dietary intake may not provide sufficient cholesterol-lowering effect. Therefore, the aim of this work was to utilize various processing techniques to enhance resistance of food proteins to proteolysis and facilitate recovery of large amounts of indigestible proteins, which was then incorporated into the diet of Sprague-Dawley rats. Various legume seed protein isolates were subjected to the following pretreatments: dry heat, wet heat, autoclave, gelation, and freeze-thaw (3 cycles). The pretreated isolates were digested with pepsin followed by pancreatin to obtain insoluble residue as the indigestible product, which was tested for in vitro bile acid-binding ability. Results showed that the indigestible proteins from gelled cowpea protein isolate (ICP) was most abundant (68% yield) and had strong bile acid-binding ability. The rats were fed high fat diets and divided into 4 groups of 6 each (3 males + 3 females): group 1 was 20% casein diet while groups 2, 3 and 4 consumed same diets but casein was partially substituted with 1% ICP, 5% ICP, and 5% undigested cowpea protein isolate (CPI), respectively. After feeding for 6 weeks, rats that consumed the diet containing 5% ICP had the lowest increase in plasma total cholesterol of 1.8 mmol/L when compared to increases of 9.34 and 4.15 mmol/L for CPI and casein only diets, respectively. Analysis of the fecal matter by gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of a high molecular proteins in the ICP-containing diets but absent in the casein only and CPI diets.
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Angelotti, Austin, Rachel Cole, Amy Webb, Maciej Pietrzak, and Martha Belury. "Diet-induced Gene Expression Changes of Cachectic Muscle, Adipose, and Liver." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/gvbe2596.
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Cancer cachexia is a systemic disease characterized by muscle and adipose loss that cannot be reversed by increasing caloric intake. Our previous research has shown insulin resistance precedes cancer cachexia in the C26 mouse model of cachexia, and a diet high in linoleic acid, the essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, attenuates the C26-induced insulin resistance. Therefore, to better understand how dietary linoleic acid is improving insulin sensitivity, we characterized gene expression changes in three major tissues responsible for controlling insulin sensitivity: skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver. To do this male CD2F1 (Charles River, MA) were randomized to semi-purified diet (24% fat by weight) containing fat prominently from lard, or containing fat prominently from safflower oil (a linoleic acid-rich oil). One week after diet randomization, mice were inoculated with colon-26 (C26) adenocarcinoma cells (1.0E6 cells). 13 days after inoculation mice were euthanized and gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, epididymal white adipose tissue, and liver tissue were collected for total transcriptome analysis using poly-A enriched next generation RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes were selected based on p-values < 0.05. There were no detectable differences in body weight or food intake between the two diets in mice with C26 tumors. Between the two diets 12 genes were differentially expressed in the muscle, while 57 genes were differentially expressed in the liver, and 314 genes were differentially expressed in adipose. A linoleic acid enriched diet had little effect on the skeletal muscle transcriptome but induced larger transcriptome changes in liver and adipose. This could suggest dietary linoleic acid increases insulin sensitivity through affecting metabolism in adipose and liver, rather than skeletal muscle. Determining these diet-induced transcriptome changes allows us to better target tissue-specific molecular mechanisms of linoleic acid in future research.
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Bobeck, Elizabeth. "Bioactive lipids and related nutrients in companion animal and poultry diets for reducing inflammation and improving immunity." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vqxl3869.
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Beyond meeting nutritional requirements for growth and maintenance, select dietary ingredients can have additional effects, intended or not, on animal physiology and immune function. Diets can be enriched to benefit the animal, and a dual benefit can be achieved in the case of enriching animal products for the downstream human consumer. Many immune-altering nutrients are fat-soluble, including Vitamin E and D. Importantly, dietary lipids themselves can impact immune function; therefore, a focused and intentional selection of specific dietary fats, specifically omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), is one method to alter inflammatory cascades in animals consuming the diet. Examples of other related ingredients to which the immune system is responsive include zinc and probiotics. While work in human, livestock, and companion animal models is working to identify therapeutic inclusion rates for these nutrients and ingredients, it should be noted that physiological alterations are seen in both over and under-inclusion and are nutrient-specific. For example, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function and reduce inflammation in the case of vitamin D or omega-3 PUFA, while for zinc, additional pharmacological supplementation above requirements may inhibit immune function. Importantly, when a diet is formulated to reduce overall systemic inflammation, it must be considered that important “background†functions of the immune system, including monitoring for and clearing pathogenic microbial populations, may be down-regulated due to a general reduction in immune reactivity. Continued work to understand how diet and nutrition impact immunity, and how to balance inflammation through nutrition, is an area of active research and will inform downstream users how to best use data to impact consumers of that feed in desirable ways.
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van Dam-Mieras, M. C. E., A. D. Muller, and G. Hornstra. "DIETARY LIPIDS, INFECTION AND MACROPHAGE PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643398.
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It is generally accepted that the type of dietary fat influences arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Although it is still largely unknown how the dietary lipid composition influences the process of atherogenesis, it is evident that several cell types are involved. Morphological evidence for the involvement of monocyte/macropages has been given.We described before that the dietary lipid composition has striking effects on the procoagulant activity of macrophages. When macrophages were isolated from the spleens of healthy rats the procoagulant activity slightly decreased during the first few hours after isolation, and reached a plateau value after 4 hours. When, however, macrophages were obtained from animals infected with a pneumona virus (PVM) different results were obtained:Experiments carried out with peripheral blood monocytes showed close resemblance to those described in the table.These results show that:- moncytes/macrophages isolated from PVM-infected animals increase their procoagulant activity during in vitro culture- the differences in macrophage procoagulant activity found in cells obtained from healthy animals fed diets containing different lipids no longer were found in PVM-infected animalsThis would implicate that the infection process has a more profound influence on macrophage procoagulant activity that the composition of the diet
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Baker, Charles W. "Dietary sugars and diet quality." In American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2011.58.
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Plavina, Liana. "Healthy Diet and Regular Physical Activities for Support Endurance and Fitness." In 15th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2022.15.026.
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Balanced diet and regular physical activities are essential for support health status, physical fitness and endurance, and decrease the risk of health disorders and morbidity. Balanced diet that cover physiological requirements and needs is a very important for support physical fitness and improve the quality of recovering processes after physical load. Knowledge and skills of individuals allow making good and right choice of daily essential nutrients and keeping optimal health status and improve physical endurance. The aim of the study to analyse cadets` daily dietary habits and knowledge in nutritional education on the base of questionnaire and elaborate adapted to respondents. Cadets` daily dietary habits and knowledge in nutritional education analysed on the base of questionnaire that elaborated and adapted to respondents of study group. The study group included 73 persons of both gender (male N= 65, and female N= 7) in aged from 20 years until 35 years. Questionnaire included 22 questions about daily dietary habits, menu planning, nutrients levels, food products consumption, and composition. Only 30.5 % of respondents interested into eating adapted dietary patterns and follow to dietary recommendations. Supervision of dietary habits, water consumption, dietary patterns are essential for health capacity support done by 73.6% of respondents. Quality and quantity characteristics of dietary patterns are essential for support physical and mental activity. Balanced and moderate diet is essential for improving working capacities, diminished fatigue, improve concentration capacities and support mental activity as a result provide wellbeing and welfare of individuals.
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Kris-Etherton, Penny. "The Essentiality of a Healthy Dietary Pattern Across the Lifespan for Reducing the Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vgsg6979.
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Penny Kris-Etherton PhD RD FAHA FASN FNLA CLS;Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally and in the U.S. Many risk factors, including an abnormal lipid/lipoprotein profile and high blood pressure (BP) increase CVD risk. A healthy dietary pattern decreases major CVD risk factors. Diet and lifestyle factors that affect lipids/lipoproteins include: macronutrients (i.e., saturated fat, unsaturated fat including omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, trans fat, carbohydrate, animal/plant protein), cholesterol, sterols/stanols, fiber, principally viscous, as well as body weight & weight loss, physical activity and meal timing, among some other emerging dietary interventions. Diet and lifestyle factors that affect BP include: a DASH Dietary Pattern, body weight, sodium & potassium, alcohol and physical activity. Collectively, implementing recommended dietary interventions can markedly decrease CVD risk. New evidence is accumulating that demonstrates the importance of controlling CVD risk factors across the lifespan even before birth (i.e., in utero). Much can be done to markedly decrease CVD morbidity and mortality as the result of healthy lifestyle practices that are implemented at any stage in life, with the greatest benefit realized when started early in life and maintained throughout the lifespan.
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Tian, Peizi. "Effects of Dietary Fiber on Diet and Intestinal Microflora." In 2022 8th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220504.076.
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LI, Yue, and Han CAO. "Healthy Diet Personalized Recommendation Algorithm Based on Dietary Records." In The International Conference on Computer Science and Technology (CST2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813146426_0072.
Full textReports on the topic "Diethy"
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., Mingche Wu, and Amy Y. Tsou. Management of Infantile Epilepsies. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer252.
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Objectives. Uncontrolled seizures in children 1 to 36 months old have serious short-term health risks and may be associated with substantial developmental, behavioral, and psychological impairments. We evaluated the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of pharmacologic, dietary, surgical, neuromodulation, and gene therapy treatments for infantile epilepsies. Data sources. We searched Embase®, MEDLINE®, PubMed®, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature for studies published from January 1, 1999, to August 19, 2021. Review methods. Using standard Evidence-based Practice Center methods, we refined the scope and applied a priori inclusion criteria to the >10,000 articles identified. We ordered full text of any pediatric epilepsy articles to determine if they reported any data on those age 1 month to <36 months. We extracted key information from each included study, rated risk of bias, and rated the strength of evidence. We summarized the studies and outcomes narratively. Results. Forty-one studies (44 articles) met inclusion criteria. For pharmacotherapy, levetiracetam may cause seizure freedom in some patients (strength of evidence [SOE]: low), but data on other medications (topiramate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, vigabatrin, rufinamide, stiripentol) were insufficient to permit conclusions. Both ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet may reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low for both). In addition, the ketogenic diet may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low) and may be more likely than the modified Atkins diet to reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low). Both hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric surgical procedures may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low for both), but the precise proportion is too variable to estimate. For three medications (levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine), adverse effects may rarely be severe enough to warrant discontinuation (SOE: low). For topiramate, non-severe adverse effects include loss of appetite and upper respiratory tract infection (SOE: moderate). Harms of diets were sparsely reported. For surgical interventions, surgical mortality is rare for functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric procedures (SOE: low), but evidence was insufficient to permit quantitative estimates of mortality or morbidity risk. Hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement after multilobar, lobar, or focal resection is uncommon (SOE: low). No studies assessed neuromodulation or gene therapy. Conclusions. Levetiracetam, ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and surgery all appear to be effective for some infants. However, the strength of the evidence is low for all of these modalities due to lack of control groups, low patient enrollment, and inconsistent reporting. Future studies should compare different pharmacologic treatments and compare pharmacotherapy with dietary therapy. Critical outcomes underrepresented in the literature include quality of life, sleep outcomes, and long-term development.
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Household dietary patterns and the cost of a nutritious diet in Myanmar. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133344.
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Huber, John Tal, Joshuah Miron, Brent Theurer, Israel Bruckental, and Spencer Swingle. Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568748.bard.
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This research project entitled "Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows" had the following objectives: a) Determine effects of feeding varying amounts of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) on efficiency of milk and milk protein production; and 2) Investigate digestive and metabolic mechanisms relating to lactation responses to diets varying in ruminal and total starch degradability. Four lactation studies with high producing cows were conducted in which steam-flaked (~ 75% RDS) was compared with dry-rolled sorghum (~ 50% RDS) grain. All studies demonstrated increased efficiency of conversion of feed to milk (FCM/DMI) and milk protein as amount of RDS in the diet increased by feeding steam-flaked sorghum. As RDS in diets increased, either by increased steam-flaked sorghum, grinding of sorghum, or increasing the proportion of wheat to sorghum, so also did ruminal and total tract digestibilities of starch and neutral-detergent soluble (NDS) carbohydrate. Despite other research by these two groups of workers showing increased non-ammonia N (NAN) flowing from the rumen to the duodenum with higher RDS, only one of the present studies showed such an effect. Post-absorptive studies showed that higher dietary RDS resulted in greater urea recycling, more propionate absorption, a tendency for greater output of glucose by the liver, and increased uptake of alpha-amino nitrogen by the mammary gland. These studies have shown that processing sorghum grain through steam-flaking increases RDS and results in greater yields and efficiency of production of milk and milk protein in high producing dairy cows.
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Cataldo, D. A., M. W. Ligotke, S. D. Harvey, R. J. Fellows, Shu-mei W. Li, P. Van Voris, and R. S. Wentsel. Acute environmental toxicity and persistence of DEM, a chemical agent simulant: Diethyl malonate. [Diethyl malonate]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6109186.
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Meyers, Linda. Establishment of Dietary Reference Intakes for Dietary Antioxidants. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392737.
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Sánchez Álvarez, Carlos, Anaiane Pereira Souza, and Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas. Respuesta productiva de porcinos (pietrain × landrace) alimentados con una dieta compuesta de harina de maíz y girasol (66:34) frente a un concentrado comercial. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecapma.4048.
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Contextualización: la alimentación representa entre el 60 y 70% de los costos de un sistema de producción animal. Vacio del conocimiento: por lo tanto, se hace necesario el diseño de estrategias nutricionales de bajo costo y directamente en la propiedad para superar esta limitación. Propósito del estudio: el objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar las respuestas productivas de un concentrado experimental compuesto por harina de maíz y harina girasol (66:34) y la de un concentrado comercial, para la alimentación de cerdos en crecimiento. Metodología: fueron usados 10 machos castrados y cruzados Pietrain × Landrace de 12 kg de peso vivo inicial, los cuales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos de 5 animales: el primer grupo fue sometido a una dieta control (DC, uso de concentrado comercial) y el segundo a una dieta experimental (DE, concentrado formado por 66% de harina de maíz y 34% de harina de girasol, preparado directamente en la propiedad). La comparación entre tratamientos se realizó usando un diseño completamente al azar mediante el paquete estadístico SAS y el nivel de significancia adoptado fue de P<0,05. Resultados y conclusiones: no se encontró diferencia estadística entre la dieta comercial (DC) y la experimental (DE) para el peso vivo (PV) inicial medio (DC = 12,2 vs DE = 12,1 kg; P = 0,388), sin embargo, si hubo diferencia para el PV final medio (DC = 65,5 vs DE = 62,9 kg; P < 0,01) y consumo díario de alimento (DC = 2,12 vs DE = 2,08 kg/día). El PV presentó una dinámica de aumento semejante entre las dos dietas en función del tiempo. Hubo diferencia estadística entre las dietas mencionadas para la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP; DC = 0,393 vs DE = 0,383 kg/día; P = 0,022), pero no para el índice de conversión alimentar (ICA; DC = 5,39 vs DE = 5,43; P = 0,545) entre los dos grupos de tratamientos. Por lo tanto, considerando los resultados anteriores, se puede concluir que el uso de una relación harina de maíz: harina de girasol (66:34) no genera respuestas productivas iguales o superiores a la alternativa comercial.
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Connors, Caitlin, Melanie Cohen, Sam Saint-Warrens, Fan Sissoko, Francesca Allen, Harry Cerasale, Elina Halonen, Nicole Afonso Alves Calistri, and Claire Sheppard. Psychologies of Food Choice: Public views and experiences around meat and dairy consumption. Food Standards Agency, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.zoc432.
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This report presents findings drawn from qualitative remote ethnography research with 24 UK participants conducted during July and August 2021, plus nine peer-to-peer interviews conducted by main sample participants with their friends and family. This research aimed to build on existing evidence in this area to fill gaps and provide an up-to-date snapshot of UK public experiences. Areas of focus included: Motivations for dietary choices Any gaps between consumer intention and behaviour Trade-offs and contextual differences (e.g. in vs. out-of home behaviours) The roles of specialist diets, substitution approaches, alternatives and ‘imitations’, locally/UK sourced meat and dairy, socio-demographics, culture and family Impact and role of food labelling and terminology The sample represented a range of variables including age, gender, nationality (England, Wales, Northern Ireland), urbanity/rurality, lifestage and household composition - and dietary profile (carnivore, ‘cutting down,’ vegetarian, vegan). This report was informed by an evidence review by the University of Bath on the factors underpinning the consumption of meat and dairy among the general public.
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Chen, Hui, Yuhui Huang, Liyan Huang, and Changzheng Yuan. Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (MIND) diet and risk of dementia: Meta-analysis of cohort studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0127.
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Fagt, Sisse, Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir, Torben Hallas-Møller, Anni Helldán, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson, Helle Knutsen, Inger Therese L. Lillegaard, et al. Nordic dietary surveys. Nordic Council of Ministers, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2012-529.
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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor, and Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.
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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.