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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dietary intake'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Kemmis, Danika H. "Dietary intake of exercising adults /." View online, 1994. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998858838.pdf.

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2

Dunnington, Kim Suzanne 1956. "Dietary intake of female college athletes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277031.

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Dietary intake for female college students representing both athletic and nonathletic groups was studied using 3-day food records to determine whether there was difference in nutrient intake between groups. Body composition and nutritional beliefs were evaluated. Groups included: repertory dance (n = 4), gymnastics (n = 6), basketball (n = 6), cross-country runners (n = 5), volleyball (n = 4), and softball (n = 8). All groups had adequate calorie, high protein, low iron, zinc intake. All groups except volleyball had high vitamin C intake. Body composition ranged from 13.6%-21.7% fat. Eighty-six percent considered themselves over their optimal weight. A majority wanted more information on nutrition (75%) and on weight control (82%). I conclude there is no significant difference between dietary intake of athletic college women as compared to a nonathletic group, there is no significant difference in dietary intake among groups of athletic women, and athletic women consider dietary intake and nutrition knowledge to be important factors in training and competition.
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3

Sausenthaler, Stefanie. "Socioeconomic determinants of dietary fat intake and the effect of dietary fat intake on allergic diseases in children." Diss., kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7992/.

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4

Shariatmadari, Farid. "Control of dietary preference in chickens." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341526.

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5

Gerges, Amira Sami. "Dietary calcium intake and overweight in adolescence." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1384.

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Recent research has shown an association between low dietary calcium intake and obesity in adults as well as overweight in young children; however, this relationship has not been investigated in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between inadequate calcium intake and overweight in adolescents. The hypothesis of this study was that there is a negative correlation between dietary calcium intake and overweight in adolescents. The study population consisted of middle school and high school students (n = 102) in a local school district. The gender and ethnic distributions of the sample were as follows: 74% female, 26% male, 63% Caucasian, 16% African-American, 12% Hispanic, and 8% other. Dietary calcium and energy intakes were assessed using a previously validated calcium-focused food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for youths. Calcium intake was also assessed using a single question on daily milk consumption. The FFQ was administered by trained interviewers to groups of three to five students. Body fat was assessed using body mass index for age (BMI-for-age) and sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds (STS). The mean reported calcium intake was 1,972 ± 912 mg/day, and mean reported energy intake was 3,421 ± 1,710 kcals/day. Reported calcium intake from the FFQ was inflated since approximately 75% reported drinking less than three glasses of milk a day. According to BMI-for-age, 29% were classified as at risk of overweight or overweight. Using STS, 39% were classified as overweight. Chi-square analysis using either method of dietary calcium intake and either method of overweight assessment did not show dependence between categories of calcium intake and level of weight or body fat. This study failed to show a relationship between dietary calcium intake and risk of overweight or overweight in adolescents.
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6

Alajmi, Fahhad, and n/a. "A Study of Dietary Intake in Kuwait." Griffith University. School of Health Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051129.122226.

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This study investigated Kuwait food system. Firstly the current dietary consumption of a representative sample of the Kuwaiti population was assessed. Secondly the effects of the 1990 Gulf war on Kuwait's food and nutrition system were investigated. The major part of this study was a National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 20 to 65 years, which is the largest and most detailed survey ever undertaken of the diet and nutritional status of adult people in Kuwait. A food frequency questionnaire was delivered to 491 subjects (response rate 81.8%, 278 female and 213 male). In addition, a sample of 383 (response rate 207 female and 176 male) were interviewed using a 24 hour recall method. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive cross-sectional picture of the dietary habits and nutritional status of the population of Kuwait. The energy and nutrient intakes in the survey were compared with the US RDA.
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7

Foster, Emma. "Assessing dietary intake in primary school children." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/555.

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The foods we eat in childhood impact on health in adult life. With the increasing incidence of diet related diseases such as non insulin dependent diabetes and cancer it is important that food intakes are monitored. Further in order to assess the effectiveness of health promotion initiatives methods of assessing intake are required which are both accurate and sensitive enough to detect changes in diet. If nutrient intakes are of interest these methods must include a measure or estimate of the amount of food consumed. Weighing foods imposes a large burden on the subject, may not be practical or possible in some sub-sections of populations e. g. children, and often results in underreporting. The purpose of this work was to develop methods for assessing dietary intake in 4 to 11 year olds; to assess the relative validity of these methods; to utilise the methods to assess the effectiveness of a dietary intervention and to assess the validity of current methods of assessing portion size for use with children. Two methods of assessing dietary intake were developed and pilot tested with children aged 4 to 11 years old. A food record designed to measure frequency of fruit and vegetable intake and a food diary with interview using food photographs to measure nutrient intake. Following refinement the methods were used to assess the effectiveness of a fruit and vegetable intervention. In a further study the validity of adult food photographs and food models in estimating portion size with children was assessed in an interview where children were shown known weights of foods. The food record and food diary were successful in detecting changes in intake of fruit and vegetables as a result of the intervention. The food record was found to be difficult to complete and was accurate in measuring fruit and vegetable intakes only at the group level. Accuracy of chi ' ldren's estimates of portion size were poor, children significantly overestimated food portion sizes on average using both the food photographs and the food models. The precision of children's estimates of portion size was also poor with a large range of over- and underestimates of portion size using both the food models and the food photographs.
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8

White, Martin James Reeve. "Does food retail access influence dietary intake?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/995/.

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This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether dietary intake is associated with food retailing. 5044 adults aged 16-97 years completed a 134-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), from which three dietary indices were derived. Data on 33 retailed foods were obtained from 560 food stores in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Poorer people lived closer to stores selling a wider range of foods. Fresh fruits and vegetables were more costly in more affluent areas. Higher fat and lower fruit and vegetable intake, poorer dietary knowledge, more frequently shopping at discount and convenience stores, and travel by foot or public transport, were all more common among less affluent households. In multilevel regression analyses, no area level variables were associated with variation in dietary indices, which was most strongly associated with lifestyle variables and dietary knowledge. Retail access to healthy foods is important for a healthy diet. However, where such access is uniformly good, dietary quality is most importantly associated with lifestyle choices, which are driven by dietary knowledge and socio-economic factors. Interventions to improve diet need to focus on the knowledge and behaviours needed to acquire, prepare and consume a healthy diet, as well as the economic means to do so.
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9

Rooney, C. "Polyphenol intake, dietary patterns and psychological status." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680508.

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Increasing evidence has suggested that dietary consumption may have the potential to influence mental health. However, few experimental studies have examined the effect of polyphenol-rich foods on psychological health. Furthermore, minimal studies exist on consumer attitudes towards polyphenol-rich foods. Thus, the main aims of this thesis were to investigate the effect of polyphenol-rich foods (FV, berries and dark chocolate) on psychological health, and to examine the behaviours, attitudes and knowledge consumers have with regards to the consumption of these foods. Firstly, results from a systematic review suggested that current evidence surrounding fruit and vegetables (FV) and psychological well-being is inconclusive. The review highlighted the need for future randomised controlled trials to investigate the relationship further. Secondly, a randomised controlled trial (PPhIT) showed mixed findings with regards to the effect of an eight week polyphenol-rich dietary pattern (FV, berries and dark chocolate) on psychological health. Improvements were observed for certain outcomes, including depressed mood and mental health (quality of life), but not for others (e.g. self-esteem and body-image). The dietary intervention led to significant increases in nutritional biomarkers, indicating good participant compliance. Overall, participants showed favourable attitudes towards the polyphenol-rich diet. Whilst a number of barriers towards the study diet foods were detected at baseline, the intervention significantly reduced some of these (e.g. ease, willingness, awareness). Similarly, a second ReT (n=30 adults), highlighted various barriers and facilitators towards FV consumption. However, in contrast to PPhIT, the four week intervention did not significantly modify these. This study also detected a lack of knowledge regarding what constitutes a portion of FV. The inconsistent findings from this thesis surrounding the effect of polyphenol-rich foods on psychological health suggest further research is warranted. Future research on the capacity for dietary interventions to reduce barriers towards polyphenol-rich foods may also be of value.
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10

Chankanka, Oitip. "Dietary intake and dental caries in children." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/653.

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Dental caries is a common childhood disease and important health problem in the United States and throughout the world. Most studies that have assessed risk factors for dental caries focused on non-modifiable risk factors such as previous caries experience and socioeconomic status. It is also important to investigate modifiable risk factors that can be used in developing guidelines for risk assessment and prevention. The present dissertation assessed mainly the associations between dental caries and modifiable factors, including dietary factors, water fluoride levels and toothbrushing frequency in children, while adjusting for non-modifiable factors. Data were obtained from subjects who were participants in the Iowa Fluoride Study. Dietary data were collected using 3-day dietary diaries from 1.5 months to 8.5 years and detailed questionnaires from 9 years to 13 years. Dental caries examinations were conducted at about 5, 9 and 13 years of age. There are three main analyses. The first analysis assessed risk factors for a 4 group primary dentition caries experience variable: the caries-free (reference group), the d1, the d2+f, and the d1d2+f groups. The dietary consumption frequencies (from ages 3 to 5 years) for the children in the 4 caries groups were compared using multivariable multinomial regression analyses. Lower consumption frequency of milk at meals and greater consumption frequency of pre-sweetened cereal at meals significantly increased the likelihood of being in the d1 group. Greater consumption frequency of regular soda pop at snacks significantly increased the likelihood of being in the d1d2+f group. Greater consumption frequency of added sugars at snacks significantly increased chance to be in the d2+f group and the d1d2+f group. The second manuscript assessed risk factors for new mixed dentition cavitated caries determined based on surface-specific transitions from the primary to mixed dentition exams on 16 teeth using logistic regression analysis. Greater consumption frequency of processed starch at snacks significantly increased the likelihood of having new cavitated caries (p = 0.04 for the model excluding previous caries experience). The third manuscript used negative binomial regression with the Generalized Linear Mixed Models procedure to assess separately the longitudinal associations of 1) new non-cavitated caries and 2) new cavitated caries with modifiable risk factors. Surface-specific counts of new non-cavitated caries and cavitated caries at each of the primary, mixed and permanent dentition examinations were used as outcome variables. Greater consumption frequency of 100% juice was significantly associated with fewer non-cavitated and fewer cavitated caries surfaces. In this study, some factors were associated with caries at one age only, while others were associated with caries across childhood. Consumption of foods or beverages at meals generally decreased their cariogenicity. Previous caries experience is strongly associated with other independent variables in the regression models that examined risk factors for new cavitated caries. Thus modifiable factors that usually have weaker associations with caries might not be retained in the models due to collinearity issues. Future researchers are encouraged to present results both ways so that scientific communities can best interpret the complex results. Also, repeated measures analysis might be more appropriate for variables that are common in all age groups, such as toothbrushing frequency and fluoride exposures. More studies of the complex relationships between diet and caries are needed, including additional studies that place more emphasis on investigation of modifiable risk factors for both non-cavitated and cavitated caries.
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11

Alajmi, Fahhad. "A Study of Dietary Intake in Kuwait." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366700.

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This study investigated Kuwait food system. Firstly the current dietary consumption of a representative sample of the Kuwaiti population was assessed. Secondly the effects of the 1990 Gulf war on Kuwait's food and nutrition system were investigated. The major part of this study was a National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 20 to 65 years, which is the largest and most detailed survey ever undertaken of the diet and nutritional status of adult people in Kuwait. A food frequency questionnaire was delivered to 491 subjects (response rate 81.8%, 278 female and 213 male). In addition, a sample of 383 (response rate 207 female and 176 male) were interviewed using a 24 hour recall method. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive cross-sectional picture of the dietary habits and nutritional status of the population of Kuwait. The energy and nutrient intakes in the survey were compared with the US RDA.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Health Sciences
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12

Black, Alison E. "Dietary energy intake measurements : validations against energy expenditure." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322419.

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13

Wardle, Frances Jane. "Dietary restraint and the regulation of food intake." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396815.

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14

Pruenglampoo, Sakda. "Dietary iodine intake during pregnancy and birth outcome." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243117.

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15

Hull, George Lawrence James. "Dietary Nɛ - (carboxymethyl)lysine intake, status, and health." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.679251.

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(Carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) is one of the best characterised advanced glycation-endproducts (AGEs) and is frequently used as a marker of AGE formation in foods and plasma. Nɛ-(Carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), is also an AGE and is the homolog of CML. The focus of this research was to expand the current knowledge on dietary AGE intakes and plasma AGE status (using CML and CEL as makers of AGE formation); examining how they correlate with nutritional, biological and physical markers relating to human health. CML and CEL were found in a wide range of commonly consumed foods with cereal products and fruit and vegetables containing the highest and lowest levels, respectively for both CML and CEL. There was no significant correlation found between dietary AGE intake and plasma AGE status in healthy volunteers. Plasma AGE status was not significantly correlated with the biological and physical markers investigated in this study in either the healthy volunteers or subjects with diabetes.
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16

Caspero, Alexandra M. "Usual dietary intake among chronic fatigue syndrome patients." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/729.

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The relationship between dietary intake and the pathology of CFS has been an area of intense speculation without strong research support. There may be important links between diet and symptoms such that dietary interventions may be efficacious as adjunct therapy. This study was designed to assess any dietary abnormalities among Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients. The purpose of this study is to make a controlled assessment of usual dietary intake so that dietary recommendations for CFS patients can be made. A Diet History Questionnaire, provided by the National Institute of Health, was used to analyze usual dietary intake among CFS patients. Women, ages I 8 and older, diagnosed by a physician with CFS, and were asked to complete the online survey. To complete the questionnaire, participants were provided with a user name and password and asked to answer a number of questions about their dietary habit. Twenty (n=20) women with CFS completed the questionnaire. The results were compiled and analyzed using Diet-Calc software and compared with nonnative data. Several nutrients were found to be deficient in more than 75% of the CFS patients.
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17

Kim, Sook Y. "Dietary fiber intake in children with developmental delay /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487594970649812.

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18

Chooi, Yu Chung. "Acculturation, Dietary Intake and Chronic Diseases Among Latinos." Thesis, Howard University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10190826.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of acculturation [language(s) usually spoken at home, and length of residence in the United States (US)] of Mexican-American and other Hispanics to dietary intakes, as well as to chronic diseases such as overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.

The study was based on data extracted from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 860 Hispanic subjects aged 40 years or more were utilized in the study. Data were analyzed using SUDAAN statistical software. Statistical procedures used to address the study objectives were t-tests and chi-square tests.

The findings demonstrated that language usually spoken at home (English more than Spanish or only English) was associated with higher intakes of total fat, total saturated fat, total monounsaturated fat, total polyunsaturated fat and sodium compared with the other groups. However, greater length of residence in the US was associated with lower intakes of energy, total fat, saturated fat, and sodium; and higher fiber intakes. Overweight and obesity were associated with greater length of residence in the US and language spoken at home (English and Spanish equally). Diabetes and hypertension had no significant relationships with length of residence in the US or language usually spoken at home. Greater length of residence in the US was associated with greater risk of CHD.

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19

Weeden, Allisha Marie. "Associations among dietary supplement use, dietary intake, and chronic health conditions of older adults." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/893.

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20

Karunananthan, Sathya. "Correlates of dietary intake in Mohawk elementary school children." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82261.

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Increased understanding of dietary habits of Aboriginal children can contribute to improved nutrition education programs. To determine correlates of high soft drink intake, high fruit intake and high vegetable intake, Aboriginal children in grades 4-6 from two Kanien'keha:ka (Mohawk) communities completed classroom-administered questionnaires and participated in anthropometric measures and a run/walk fitness test. Independent correlates of high soft drink consumption identified by multivariate logistic regression included higher levels of television-watching, odds ratio [OR] 3.1, (95% confidence interval 1.5-6.4), and higher levels of physical activity, OR 3.0 (1.3-7.1) among girls, and increased video game-playing, OR 6.7 (1.8-25.5), and failing to meet the minimal fitness standard on the run/walk test, OR 2.2 (1.2-4.2), among boys. Independent correlates of high fruit consumption included each year of increasing age among boys OR 0.7 (0.5-1.0), and higher levels of physical activity among girls OR 4.0 (2.0-7.9) and boys OR 3.5 (1.5-7.7). Independent correlates of high vegetable intake included age among boys OR 0.7 (0.5-1.0), increased video game-playing among girls OR 4.5 (1.4-14.9), and higher levels of physical activity among girls OR 3.5 (1.5-7.7) and boys OR 2.8 (1.2-6.5). These findings suggest targets for interventions aimed at improving eating habits of Aboriginal children.
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21

Nakano, Tomoko. "Dietary intake and anthropometry of DeneMétis and Yukon children." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80340.

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Anthropometcic measurements and 24h-recall interviews were conducted on Dene/Metis and Yukon children, and food choice questionnaire interviews were conducted on the mothers of the children. On average, 32% of the children were above the 85th percentile of BMI-for-age in the 2000 CDC Growth Charts. The dietary nutrient intakes were compared to the DRI values. Vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, vitamin E, dietary fiber, omega-6 fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and magnesium intakes were low. Excessive nutrient intake was not observed. Imbalance of energy intake from carbohydrate and fat and excessive energy intake from total sugar and saturated fat were observed. Market foods were a major part of the diet. Traditional food contributed 4.6% of total energy intake. Frequently mentioned factors as having an influence on food selection were cost, health, children's preference and acceptability, traditional food and market food availability, and women's preference.
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22

Brynes, Audrey. "Dietary intake, glucagon like peptide-1 and insulin sensitivity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326161.

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23

Alfarhan, Abdulaziz Kh. "Dietary Intake Of Arab International Students In Northeast Ohio." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310667734.

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Albeshri, Amal. "Dietary Intake and Food Craving During Normal Menstrual Cycling." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1438184698.

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25

Kadlecek, Lindy M. "Evaluation of the dietary antioxidant intake and dietary quality of non-smoking Nevada casino workers." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442848.

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26

Theron, M., E. Albertse, UE MacIntyre, IC Kleynhans, and A. Ammisah. "Inadequate dietary intake is not the cause of stunting amongst young children living in an informal settlement in Gauteng and rural Limpopo Province in South Africa: the NutriGro study." Public Health Nutrition, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001428.

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Abstract Objective: To measure dietary intakes of young children aged 12–24 months and to determine the impact of poor diets on stunting. Design: A quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was adapted, tested and standardised. Trained enumerators conducted in-depth interviews with the mothers/caregivers of the children. Forty stunted children in urban informal settlements and 30 stunted children in rural areas were selected and pair-matched with controls. The data were captured on the Food Finder Program of the Medical Research Council. Results: In both urban and rural areas, the diet of stunted and non-stunted groups did differ significantly and all diets were of poor nutritional quality. Conclusion: Diets in both areas resembled the recommended prudent diet, i.e. low in fat and high in carbohydrates. Poor quality diets were not the primary cause of stunting.
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Laudermilk, Monica J. "Influences of Select Dietary Components on Bone Volumetric Density, Bone Geometry and Indices of Bone Strength in Young Girls." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201500.

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Osteoporosis, a major public health problem, likely has its origins in childhood. During periods of rapid skeletal growth, diet may influence accrual of bone mineral density (BMD) and adult bone health. This study used novel approaches in bone imaging to further characterize optimal skeletal development and enhance our understanding of key dietary components that influence attainment of peak bone mass (PBM) and contribute to determinants of peak bone strength in peri-pubertal females. The use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) enabled the influence of usual dietary intake on bone parameters to be examined.This study examined the relationship of dietary intake of micronutrients and bone macro-architectural structure in peri-pubertal girls. This study suggested that vitamin C and zinc intake are associated with objective measures of bone status in 4th, but not 6th grade girls. This indicates potential differences in micronutrient and bone associations at various age-associated stages of bone maturation.The impact of dietary fat on peri-pubertal skeletal growth is not well characterized. This study examined relationships of select dietary fatty acid (FA) intakes and measures of bone status in peri-pubertal girls. This study suggested that MUFA, total PUFA, n-6 and linoleic acid (LA) are inversely associated with bone status prior to menarche, but composition of dietary fat may be more important during the early-pubertal years. Decreased intakes of n-6 PUFA may benefit bone health in young girls.The impact of a dietary protein on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone strength throughout maturation remains controversial. Given evidence of both anabolic and catabolic affects of protein on bone health, this study examined relations of dietary protein from different sources with bone parameters in peri-pubertal girls. This study showed that dietary protein intake is related to higher trabecular but not cortical vBMD, BMC and BSI, and accounts for 2-4% of their variability in peri-pubertal girls. The relationship seems to vary by the source of dietary protein and calcium intake. However, a negative impact of animal protein on bone health is not supported. Large scale observational and intervention studies are needed to establish causality.
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Gonzalez, Candace M. "The Relationship between Dietary Intake of Magnesium, Fiber, and Fluid Intake and Constipation Using NHANES Data." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10839229.

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Chronic constipation is a common condition that is characterized by infrequent stools, sensation of incomplete defecation, and straining to have a bowel movement. There are no clear guidelines used across healthcare disciplines to diagnose constipation. The Adequate Intake (AI) for total fiber is based on observed median fiber intake level to achieve the lowest level of observed risk of coronary heart disease; while this level may help ameliorate constipation, this outcome was not used as the basis for the AI recommendation. Constipation was defined as < 3 bowel movements per week. There was a statistically significant difference in fiber intake (p < .001), magnesium intake (p = .004), and fluid intake (p = .015) among individuals with irregular bowel movements < 3 per week compared to individuals who had ? 3 bowel movements per week. No association was observed between constipation and regarding physical activity outside of work, both moderate and vigorous. Additional research is needed to address the potential of different types of fiber (soluble vs. insoluble), different fluid intakes (milk, sugar sweetened beverages, coffee, etc.), and how these factors collectively relate to constipation.

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Öhlund, Inger. "Health implications of dietary intake in infancy and early childhood /." Umeå, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789172646155.

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30

Lindström, Jonna. "Dietary intake estimations of brominated flame retardants for Swedish children." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1829.

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The dietary intake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) have been estimated for Swedish children. A dietary survey performed in 2003, including 4, 8-9 and 11-12 year olds, and concentrations in individual food items were combined. The food included in the study was mainly of animal origin, consisting of fish and shellfish, dairy products, meat products, eggs, animal and vegetable fats and fats from miscellaneous food products. The medium-bound intake of PBDEs (9 congeners) were estimated to 23.0 ng/day, 30.9 ng/day and 27.7 ng/day for 4, 8-9 and 11-12 years olds respectively. The corresponding estimations for HBCD were 7.94 ng/day 10.7 ng/day and 9.46 ng/day for 4, 8-9 and 11-12 years olds respectively. These results show a higher daily intake for 8-9 year olds compared with the other age groups. However, when estimating the daily intake per kg bw, the intake decreases with age. BDE-47 contributed the most to the total intake of PBDEs, with approximately 40%. The food group contributing the most to the intake of PBDEs and HBCD was fish and shellfish, of which non-Baltic fatty fish was the largest contributor. There were no considerable differences between boys and girls in any of the aspects examined. The result from this study show a lower intake of PBDEs and HBCD in Swedish children compared with children in other studies made in Europe and the United States.


Bromerade flamskyddsmedel används för att skydda brännbara material från att fatta eld, till exempel skyddas textilier och plaster i bland annat elektronik, fordon och möbler. Två typer av bromerade flamskyddsmedel är polybromerade difenyletrar (PBDE) och hexabromocyklododekan (HBCD). Dessa är additiva flamskyddsmedel och blandas i materialet som ska skyddas men binder inte in i produkten och kan därför lätt läcka ut i miljön, vilket också har skett. Halter har påträffats i miljön och i biota långt från plaster där ämnena produceras eller används.

PBDE och HBCD har visats ha hormonstörande och neurotoxiska effekter i studier på råtta och mus. Thyroxinnivåerna sjunker vid exponering av PBDE och HBCD, vilket skulle kunna leda till sköldkörtelproblem och störd utveckling av bland annat hjärnan om exponering sker perinatalt. De neurotoxiska effekterna inkluderar inlärnings- och minnessvårigheter och ett förändrat beteende med hyper- och hypoaktivitet som följd.

Human exponering för PBDE och HBCD sker främst via födan och speciellt via animaliska produkter då dessa ämnen är lipofila, bioackumulerande och ofta biomagnifierande vilket gör att de påträffas i högre koncentrationer högre upp i trofinivåerna. Studier från bland annat Sverige och Finland visar att fisk och skaldjur är den största källan till intag av PBDE.

De flesta intagsberäkningar av PBDE och HBCD baseras på livsmedelskonsumtionen hos vuxna och visar följaktligen endast hur intaget ser ut för den delen av populationen. För barn, som är en av de känsligaste grupperna i populationen, finns inte många studier att tillgå, varken från Sverige eller andra delar av världen. I den här studien har därför intaget av PBDE (summan av 9 kongener) och HBCD beräknats för barn i Sverige.

I en rikstäckande kostundersökning utförd 2003 deltog barn i åldrarna 4, 8-9 och 11-12 år. De fick i en matdagbok ange sin konsumtion under fyra på varandra följande dagar. Data från denna undersökning kombinerades sedan med haltdata från olika livsmedel för att räkna ut intaget av PBDE och HBCD på individbasis. Undersökningen innefattade främst animaliska livsmedel och innehöll därför fisk och skaldjur, mejeriprodukter, köttprodukter, ägg, animaliskt och vegetabiliskt fett och fett från övriga livsmedel.

Resultaten visar att födointaget av PBDE var 23,0 ng/dag, 30,9 ng/dag och 27,7 ng/dag för 4, 8-9 respektive 11-12 åringar. Intaget av HBCD beräknades till 7,94 ng/dag, 10,7 ng/dag och 9,46 ng/dag för 4, 8-9 respektive 11-12 åringar. Detta visar att 8-9 åringar har det högsta dagliga intaget av PBDE och HBCD. När intaget beräknas på kroppsvikt däremot, har de yngsta barnen det högsta intaget som sedan sjunker med åldern. Fisk och skaldjur var den största källan till intaget av PBDE och HBCD, trots att konsumtionen av dessa livsmedel var relativt lågt. Det fanns ingen större skillnad mellan pojkar och flickor, varken i intag av PBDE eller av HBCD. Jämfört med de få studier som gjorts i andra länder, är det tydligt att svenska barn har ett lägre intag av PBDE och HBCD.

Undersökningen tyder också på att intaget av PBDE och HBCD hos svenska barn, utifrån de kunskaper vi har idag, inte utgör någon risk med avseende på de effekter av PBDE och HBCD som påträffats i toxikologiska studier. Däremot är barn i ett känsligt skede i livet och upprepad exponering samt exponering för flera miljögifter samtidigt skulle kunna påverka deras utveckling negativt.

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31

Crawford, Caroline. "The effects of smoking cessation on changes in dietary intake." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/MQ44152.pdf.

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32

Anderson, Susan A. "Maternal dietary glucose intake affects neonatal gastrointestinal development in rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0029/MQ50707.pdf.

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33

Fulton, Sharon Louise. "Fruit and vegetables : assessing dietary intake, status and health benefits." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601480.

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Non-communicable diseases are a huge burden worldwide, with increased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake being associated with reduced risk. Although antioxidants are thought to be the beneficial components in FV, substitutions of less healthy foods may also occur when increased FV are consumed. A meta-analysis pooling data from published randomised intervention studies (RIS) where FV were increased showed micronutrients, fibre and carbohydrate intakes increased; whilst fat intakes potentially decreased. No significant difference was found in energy. An RIS of increased FV in a diabetic population confirmed these findings. However, 4 pooled FV studies revealed modest increases in energy when FV were increased, suggesting inconsistencies in energy; however this could be due to heterogeneity between studies. Furthermore when FV were increased, variety was also likely to increase. Whilst much interest has focused on general FV consumption, the health benefits of single fruit andlor vegetables may differ, and it is therefore of interest to examine the potential of individual foods and compounds contained within this food group. Apples are rich in polyphenols, particularly chlorogenic acid and epicatechin however a number of factors are likely to affect this polyphenol content including SUMMARY 2 - PAGE 3 storage or cooking. Analysis showed no effect of storage, cooking, or processing on polyphenol content but between-apple variability showed significant differences in golden and red delicious apples. Furthermore, epicatechin-rich apples in various forms were tested in participants at increased risk of CVD, to assess benefit on CVD risk factors such as oxid ised LDL and blood pressure. This pilot intervention showed no effect of epicatechin at a dose of 80mg/day on CVD risk. In conclusion , increased FV intake showed improvement in diet profile. Differences in storage, cooking and processing showed no effect on polyp he no I content in apples, however between-apple variability was observed. Finally epicatechin-rich apples and apple products showed no effect on risk factors for CVD.
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34

Öhlund, Inger. "Health implications of dietary intake in infancy and early childhood." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1812.

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Introduction: Swedish children are the healthiest in Europe. Through regular visits to well-baby clinics, infants and young children are checked and parents given information and advice on diet and other relevant matters for their child. For a long time, adequate nutrition during infancy and childhood has been focused on encouraging proper nutrition, preventing malnutrition and deficiency states, and obtaining optimal growth. Today, malnutrition and deficiency states in infants and children are rare. But other public health problems have arisen. Nutrition early in life is now thought to influence health and diseases even in adulthood. Thus promotion of a healthy diet in early life is important for preventing public health diseases such as iron deficiency, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and dental caries. Aims: This study investigates health implications of dietary intake in infancy and early childhood. More specific focus was on the associations between dietary fat intake and serum lipid levels in infants, early dietary intake, iron status, dental caries, and Body Mass Index (BMI) at 4 years of age. In addition, hereditary factors and changes over time were evaluated. Methods: Before 6 month of age, 300 healthy infants were recruited from well-baby clinics in Umeå. This thesis is based on secondary analysis of a prospective study in these infants run from 6-18 months and a follow-up of 127 of the children at 4 years. Between 6-18 months and at 4 years, dietary intakes were assessed, anthropometric measures performed, and venous blood samples taken. At 4 years, a dental examination was also performed and anthropometric data and blood samples were collected from parents and included in the study. Results: All but two infants were ever breastfed and at 6 months 73% were still breastfed. The quality of dietary fat was not within national recommendations. At 4 years, intake of vitamin D and selenium were below and intake of sugar and sweet products above the recommendations. In girls, but not boys, higher polyunsaturated fatty acid intake was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels. Iron status of the children was generally good and no child had iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Children’s haemoglobin (Hb) levels tracked from infancy to 4 years and correlated with their mother’s Hb. Fortified infant products and meat were important sources of iron at both 12 months and 4 years. Children with frequent intake of cheese had less caries in this population with low caries prevalence. We found higher protein intake over time to be associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI) at 4 years and high BMI at 4 years was associated with high BMI at 6 mo. There was also an association between the BMI of the child and that of its parents. Conclusions: BMI of the child and parents (especially the father), and iron status at 6 months were predictors of these variables at 4 years of age. The quality rather than the quantity of dietary fat in infancy affected serum lipid values. Even in a healthy and well-nourished group of Swedish infants and young children, quality of food and intake of nutrients are important for current and later health of the child.
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35

Burley, Victoria Jane. "The effects of dietary fibre on energy intake and appetite." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295734.

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36

Hyatt, Susan Allison. "Haitian street foods and their nutritional contribution to dietary intake." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88599.

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Street food is a common source of food eaten outside the home in developing countries. The contribution of street foods to the daily nutrient intake has not been adequately addressed in dietary assessment research, in spite of its universality. To establish a base of knowledge regarding street foods from a nutritional standpoint, a three month pilot study was conducted in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, during the fall of 1983. One hundred forty-six street food items were identified and classified. Market unit size, cost and caloric and protein values per market unit were determined. A food frequency questionnaire was developed and administered to Haitian secondary school children from varied school tuition categories to assess their street food consumption. Results revealed a wide range of consumption frequencies. The average consumption of calories and protein for the 174 person sample were found to be 401 kcalories and 5.8g of protein. Significant differences in consumption values were found between socioeconomic levels. Little variation was found between age groups. Street food consumption was found to contribute 18% of the recommended dietary allowance for the Caribbean for calories and 15% for protein. Based on a daily nutrient intake of 1580 kcalories and 37g of protein for urban school children, 25% of the calories and 16% of the protein in the overall diet were found to be provided by street foods.
Master of Science
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37

Beiseigel, Jeannemarie Mary. "Dietary Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Young-Adult Females." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34334.

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The late second and early third decades of life are critical periods for bone health due to the attainment of peak bone mass during this time, yet little is known about relationships between lifestyle factors and bone health among young-adult females. Therefore, anthropometric, body composition, and nutritional variables were examined in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover in a group of 60 healthy, young-adult females aged 18 to 25 years. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST), and fat mass had statistically significant and positive associations with BMD. Mean daily dietary protein, magnesium, and iron intakes had statistically significant and negative associations with BMD. A second study compared dietary intake, BMD, and biochemical markers of bone turnover in young-adult females with chronic dieting habits to nondieters. Anthropometric and body composition variables between chronic dieters and nondieters were not statistically different; however, chronic dieters had statistically significantly lower average daily dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, and selected micronutrients compared to nondieters. Chronic dieters had statistically significantly higher whole body (WB) BMD compared to nondieters. Moderate effects were observed for WB, lumbar spine, trochanter, and total proximal femur BMD such that chronic dieters possessed greater BMD compared to nondieters. It appears that among young-adult females, total body weight, particularly FFST mass, has an important association with BMD. Although nutritional inadequacies among young-adult females raise concerns, overconsumption of nutrients may increase the likelihood of nutrient-nutrient interactions that may have a less than optimal impact on BMD. Future investigations of dietary intake and BMD among young-adult females are warranted.
Master of Science
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38

Zipkin, Frida. "Assessment of Manganese Dietary Intake for a Rural Pediatric Population." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1396523208.

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39

Schmitz, Ashley. "Dietary Assessment Tools and Biomarkers of Exposure for Carotenoid Intake." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480674775140991.

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40

Barber, Glenda M., and n/a. "Dietary intake and incidence of dietary related health conditions in a sample of Dunedin Maori women." University of Otago. Department of Human Nutrition, 1988. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070619.114420.

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Throughout the twentieth century, Maori life expectancy for both men and women has increased significantly. For most health conditions however, medical statistics show that the Maori mortality rate remains significantly higher than the rate for the NZ non-Maori population. The results of epidemiological studies show that some of these health conditions may be environmentally induced. There appears to be a high incidence of obesity in the Maori population which has been related to dietary intake, with an associated high incidence of diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. These conditions appear to be particularly prevalent among Maori women. It is thought that the Maori population are gentically susceptible to obesity; a trait which manifests itself when there is a plentiful food supply in the population. At present, there is very little information available about the dietary intake of the Maori population, or the effect of diet upon obesity and associated health disorders in this group. The aim of this survey was to obtain information about the dietary intake of a sample of Dunedin Maori women using the diet history method of assessment. Also to determine the incidence of obesity and other dietry related health conditions in this group. Chapter 2 reviews the change in food habits and health status of the Maori population over the last two centuries, as well as reviewing the different methods by which information for dietary surveys is obtained. After setting out the methods and findings of the survey, Chapter 5 discusses the results in light of information obtained from similar dietary studies of NZ women. The samples intake is compared to recommended nutrient allowances for NZ women and the incidence of dietary related health disorders is also discussed. Overall, Dunedin Maori women�s diet was not deficient in any of the recorded nutrients. Dunedin Maori women, in their middle years, exhibited substantially higher energy intakes than middle years non-Maori women in the 1977 National Dietary Survey. The level of Dunedin Maori women�s carbohydrate intake was the main contributing factor for this higher energy intake. Dunedin Maori women over 50 years of age exhibited substantially higher energy intakes than NZ women aged 50-54 years in the 1985 Timaru Health District Survey, with an overall higher consumption of carbohydrate, protein and fat. Over half of Dunedin Maori were classified as overweight or very overweight. Hypertension and diabetes were reported, and obesity was commonly found among women with these health conditions. Over half of Dunedin Maori women used cigarettes, the majority using between ten and thirty cigarettes per day. Dunedin Maori women are relatively isolated from the more densely populated areas of North Island Maori. As a result, the survey results cannot be interpreted as characteristic of NZ Maori women in general. The significance of these findings is rather the elucidation of a regional situation. Further studies of Maori women in both rural and urban areas of the North and South Island are necessary to determine if an overall pattern of high intake exists with a deleterious impact upon the health of Maori women.
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41

Mallika, Arachchige Ranil Jayawardena. "Validity of dietary questionnaires in Sri Lankan adults and the association of dietary intake with obesity." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/64505/1/Ranil_Mallika_Arachchige_Thesis.pdf.

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Traditionally, infectious diseases and under-nutrition have been considered major health problems in Sri Lanka with little attention paid to obesity and associated non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the recent Sri Lanka Diabetes and Cardiovascular Study (SLDCS) reported the epidemic level of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, obesity-associated NCDs is the leading cause of death in Sri Lanka and there is an exponential increase in hospitalization due to NCDs adversely affecting the development of the country. Despite Sri Lanka having a very high prevalence of NCDs and associated mortality, little is known about the causative factors for this burden. It is widely believed that the global NCD epidemic is associated with recent lifestyle changes, especially dietary factors. In the absence of sufficient data on dietary habits in Sri Lanka, successful interventions to manage these serious health issues would not be possible. In view of the current situation the dietary survey was undertaken to assess the intakes of energy, macro-nutrients and selected other nutrients with respect to socio demographic characteristics and the nutritional status of Sri Lankan adults especially focusing on obesity. Another aim of this study was to develop and validate a culturally specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary risk factors of NCDs in Sri Lankan adults. Data were collected from a subset of the national SLDCS using a multi-stage, stratified, random sampling procedure (n=500). However, data collection in the SLDCS was affected by the prevailing civil war which resulted in no data being collected from Northern and Eastern provinces. To obtain a nationally representative sample, additional subjects (n=100) were later recruited from the two provinces using similar selection criteria. Ethical Approval for this study was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka and informed consent was obtained from the subjects before data were collected. Dietary data were obtained using the 24-h Dietary Recall (24HDR) method. Subjects were asked to recall all foods and beverages, consumed over the previous 24-hour period. Respondents were probed for the types of foods and food preparation methods. For the FFQ validation study, a 7-day weight diet record (7-d WDR) was used as the reference method. All foods recorded in the 24 HDR were converted into grams and then intake of energy and nutrients were analysed using NutriSurvey 2007 (EBISpro, Germany) which was modified for Sri Lankan food recipes. Socio-demographic details and body weight perception were collected from interviewer-administrated questionnaire. BMI was calculated and overweight (BMI ≥23 kg.m-2), obesity (BMI ≥25 kg.m-2) and abdominal obesity (Men: WC ≥ 90 cm; Women: WC ≥ 80 cm) were categorized according to Asia-pacific anthropometric cut-offs. The SPSS v. 16 for Windows and Minitab v10 were used for statistical analysis purposes. From a total of 600 eligible subjects, 491 (81.8%) participated of whom 34.5% (n=169) were males. Subjects were well distributed among different socio-economic parameters. A total of 312 different food items were recorded and nutritionists grouped similar food items which resulted in a total of 178 items. After performing step-wise multiple regression, 93 foods explained 90% of the variance for total energy intake, carbohydrates, protein, total fat and dietary fibre. Finally, 90 food items and 12 photographs were selected. Seventy-seven subjects completed (response rate = 65%) the FFQ and 7-day WDR. Estimated mean energy intake (SD) from FFQ (1794±398 kcal) and 7DWR (1698±333 kcal, P<0.001) was significantly different due to a significant overestimation of carbohydrate (~10 g/d, P<0.001) and to some extent fat (~5 g/d, NS). Significant positive correlations were found between the FFQ and 7DWR for energy (r = 0.39), carbohydrate (r = 0.47), protein (r = 0.26), fat (r =0.17) and dietary fiber (r = 0.32). Bland-Altman graphs indicated fairly good agreement between methods with no relationship between bias and average intake of each nutrient examined. The findings from the nutrition survey showed on average, Sri Lankan adults consumed over 14 portions of starch/d; moreover, males consumed 5 more portions of cereal than females. Sri Lankan adults consumed on average 3.56 portions of added sugars/d. Moreover, mean daily intake of fruit (0.43) and vegetable (1.73) portions was well below minimum dietary recommendations (fruits 2 portions/d; vegetables 3 portions/d). The total fruit and vegetable intake was 2.16 portions/d. Daily consumption of meat or alternatives was 1.75 portions and the sum of meat and pulses was 2.78 portions/d. Starchy foods were consumed by all participants and over 88% met the minimum daily recommendations. Importantly, nearly 70% of adults exceeded the maximum daily recommendation for starch (11portions/d) and a considerable proportion consumed larger numbers of starch servings daily, particularly men. More than 12% of men consumed over 25 starch servings/d. In contrast to their starch consumption, participants reported very low intakes of other food groups. Only 11.6%, 2.1% and 3.5% of adults consumed the minimum daily recommended servings of vegetables, fruits, and fruits and vegetables combined, respectively. Six out of ten adult Sri Lankans sampled did not consume any fruits. Milk and dairy consumption was extremely low; over a third of the population did not consume any dairy products and less than 1% of adults consumed 2 portions of dairy/d. A quarter of Sri Lankans did not report consumption of meat and pulses. Regarding protein consumption, 36.2% attained the minimum Sri Lankan recommendation for protein; and significantly more men than women achieved the recommendation of ≥3 servings of meat or alternatives daily (men 42.6%, women 32.8%; P<0.05). Over 70% of energy was derived from carbohydrates (Male:72.8±6.4%, Female:73.9±6.7%), followed by fat (Male:19.9±6.1%, Female:18.5±5.7%) and proteins (Male:10.6±2.1%, Female:10.9±5.6%). The average intake of dietary fiber was 21.3 g/day and 16.3 g/day for males and females, respectively. There was a significant difference in nutritional intake related to ethnicities, areas of residence, education levels and BMI categories. Similarly, dietary diversity was significantly associated with several socio-economic parameters among Sri Lankan adults. Adults with BMI ≥25 kg.m-2 and abdominally obese Sri Lankan adults had the highest diet diversity values. Age-adjusted prevalence (95% confidence interval) of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity among Sri Lankan adults were 17.1% (13.8-20.7), 28.8% (24.8-33.1), and 30.8% (26.8-35.2), respectively. Men, compared with women, were less overweight, 14.2% (9.4-20.5) versus 18.5% (14.4-23.3), P = 0.03, less obese, 21.0% (14.9-27.7) versus 32.7% (27.6-38.2), P < .05; and less abdominally obese, 11.9% (7.4-17.8) versus 40.6% (35.1-46.2), P < .05. Although, prevalence of obesity has reached to epidemic level body weight misperception was common among Sri Lankan adults. Two-thirds of overweight males and 44.7% of females considered themselves as in "about right weight". Over one third of both male and female obese subjects perceived themselves as "about right weight" or "underweight". Nearly 32% of centrally obese men and women perceived that their waist circumference is about right. People who perceived overweight or very overweight (n = 154) only 63.6% tried to lose their body weight (n = 98), and quarter of adults seek advices from professionals (n = 39). A number of important conclusions can be drawn from this research project. Firstly, the newly developed FFQ is an acceptable tool for assessing the nutrient intake of Sri Lankans and will assist proper categorization of individuals by dietary exposure. Secondly, a substantial proportion of the Sri Lankan population does not consume a varied and balanced diet, which is suggestive of a close association between the nutrition-related NCDs in the country and unhealthy eating habits. Moreover, dietary diversity is positively associated with several socio-demographic characteristics and obesity among Sri Lankan adults. Lastly, although obesity is a major health issue among Sri Lankan adults, body weight misperception was common among underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese adults in Sri Lanka. Over 2/3 of overweight and 1/3 of obese Sri Lankan adults believe that they are in "right weight" or "under-weight" categories.
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42

Braff, Nancy S. "Actual Reported Intake and Benefits of Dietary Fiber as Related the Perceived Intake of Dietary Fiber Among College Students Enrolled in a Basic Nutrition Course." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1585836732832315.

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43

Geekie, Moira Anne. "Promoting a reduction in the consumption of dietary fat : the role of perceived control, self-efficacy and personal dietary information." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312598.

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44

Cuyún, Carter Gebra B. "Food intake, dietary practices, and nutritional supplement use among the Amish." This edition also available online via Ohio State University:, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211898334.

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45

Vlitos, Amanda. "Bowel function and non-starch polysaccharide intake during the menstrual cycle." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259943.

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46

Jackson, Kathryn Anne. "Measuring voluntary dietary change in response to exercise : a focus on dietary fat." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/52660/1/Kathryn_Jackson_Thesis.pdf.

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Traditional treatments for weight management have focussed on prescribed dietary restriction or regular exercise, or a combination of both. However recidivism for such prescribed treatments remains high, particularly among the overweight and obese. The aim of this thesis was to investigate voluntary dietary changes in the presence of prescribed mixed-mode exercise, conducted over 16 weeks. With the implementation of a single lifestyle change (exercise) it was postulated that the onerous burden of concomitant dietary and exercise compliance would be reduced, leading to voluntary lifestyle changes in such areas as diet. In addition, the failure of exercise as a single weight loss treatment has been reported to be due to compensatory energy intakes, although much of the evidence is from acute exercise studies, necessitating investigation of compensatory intakes during a long-term exercise intervention. Following 16 weeks of moderate intensity exercise, 30 overweight and obese (BMI≥25.00 kg.m-2) men and women showed small but statistically significant decreases in mean dietary fat intakes, without compensatory increases in other macronutrient or total energy intakes. Indeed total energy intakes were significantly lower for men and women following the exercise intervention, due to the decreases in dietary fat intakes. There was a risk that acceptance of the statistical validity of the small changes to dietary fat intakes may have constituted a Type 1 error, with false rejection of the Null hypothesis. Oro-sensory perceptions to changes in fat loads were therefore investigated to determine whether the measured dietary fat changes were detectable by the human palate. The ability to detect small changes in dietary fat provides sensory feedback for self-initiated dietary changes, but lean and overweight participants were unable to distinguish changes to fat loads of similar magnitudes to that measured in the exercise intervention study. Accuracy of the dietary measurement instrument was improved with the effects of random error (day-to-day variability) minimised with the use of a statistically validated 8-day, multiple-pass, 24 hour dietary recall instrument. However systematic error (underreporting) may have masked the magnitude of dietary change, particularly the reduction in dietary fat intakes. A purported biomarker (plasma Apolipoprotein A-IV) (apoA-IV) was subsequently investigated, to monitor systematic error in self-reported dietary intakes. Changes in plasma apoA-IV concentrations were directly correlated with increased and decreased changes to dietary fat intakes, suggesting that this objective marker may be a useful tool to improve the accuracy of dietary measurement in overweight and obese populations, who are susceptible to dietary underreporting.
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47

Sultan-Khan, Maria-Elena. "An Aboriginal Perspective of the Influences of Food Intake." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31720.

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Background: The purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore the existing research on the determinants and influential factors of eating decisions made by Aboriginal peoples and provide insight from the perspective of Aboriginal peoples living off-reserve in Ottawa, Ontario. Methods: This study was comprised of a convenience sample of 12 Aboriginal individuals from a local Aboriginal community centre. Participants were asked to conduct a personal food diary of their meals for a period of 3 days, followed by a one-on-one semi-structured interview. The interviews were designed to explore: 1) knowledge and perspectives of healthy eating 2) knowledge and perspectives of Health Canada’s Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide – First Nations, Inuit and Métis, 3) perception of influential factors 4) self-efficacy and 5) common barriers in making food choices. Results: 1) Except for the senior participants, healthy food knowledge did not translate into healthy food choices for most participants; 2) Most participants had not seen a copy of the Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide – First Nations, Inuit and Métis, and all participants felt they were not influenced by it when making eating decisions; 3) The main themes of influential factors were concluded to be: taste preference, availability, convenience, “had no choice”, health reasons, “easy to make”, low in cost, following a diet or “food schedule,” hunger or thirst, “needed something quick”, nearby location (of store or restaurant), being tired or lazy and being in a routine; 4) Most participants perceived themselves as having control over their eating decisions regardless of situational factors and level of motivation varied between participants; 5) Time, financial constraints, having a busy schedule and being unprepared for meals were identified as possible barriers. Conclusions: Either version of the food guide should be developed into a more flexible and convenient tool such as a mobile application. Local community centres should consider providing workshops in food preparation, and to strengthen skills such as understanding food labels of market foods to ease the transition to living off-reserve. Future Implications: Policy makers at the federal, provincial and municipal levels should work together and strengthen their communication strategies in order to coordinate the development and implementation of future interventions.
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48

Hackett, A. F. "Food intake of children with diabetes mellitus before and after a programme of education." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380227.

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49

Ojo, Omorogieva. "Protein deficiency in children - a physio-biochemical assessment." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245484.

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50

Greene, Lucy Cecelia. "Effect of iron supplementation on measures of cognitive functioning during adolescence." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390063.

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