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Bentley, Zoe. "Chemical analysis of dietary supplements." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843637/.
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The increased use of dietary supplements in today's society has been attributed to the general public's greater awareness of what constitutes a healthy diet. The elemental content (Ca, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) of seventy-four dietary supplements (tablets, capsules and powders) was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Different digestion methods (wet open vessel and microwave) were developed for the dissolution of dietary supplements, utilising both concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Both digestion procedures were found to give no significant statistical difference between the experimental results and certified values at a 99% confidence limit (Paired t-test) for all element values in two certified reference materials, namely NIES Rice Flour and IGGE Tea. For both certified reference materials, there was. The elemental content of the dietary supplements ranged from 0.1-200 mg/g for macro essential elements (Ca, Fe and Mg), 1-500 mug/g for trace essential elements (Cr, Co, Cu, Mn. Mo, Ni and Zn) and 0.4-10 mug/g for non-essential elements (Cd and Pb), all on a dry weight basis. Comparison of experimental results with commercial label values for dietary supplements showed: (1) calculated Ca and Mg concentrations were systematically lower than the label values; and (2) the experimental results for the other essential elements were in good agreement. The essential element contribution of base materials was investigated, though the results were inconclusive. Dietary supplements containing fat-soluble vitamins were analysed for retinol acetate, ergocalciferol (D2), cholecalciferol (D3), tocopherol (E), tocopherol acetate and phylloquinone (K1) using a modified simultaneous high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. For each vitamin, a recovery of >90% was obtained with the use of a direct solvent extraction procedure. An in vitro study into the bioavailability of iron and zinc in yeast-based supplements was accomplished. This study provided results suggesting that iron supplements containing vitamin C were more bioavailable than yeast or tablet-based supplements that contained no vitamin C. Zinc bioavailability was observed to be greater in multi-component and yeast-based dietary supplements.
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Rooney, Melissa A. "Cross-sectional analysis of dietary energy density and dietary quality in teens and adolescents." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416232159.
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Bergfield, Rebecca Ann. "Dietary analysis of archaeological hair samples from Peru." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4942.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Yoo, Harrison, Amanda Teague, and Charles C. Collins. "DISSOLUTION ANALYSIS OF OTC COENZYME Q10 DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/28.
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Introduction: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble substance (ubiquinone) which has a bright orange color in appearance and is widely distributed (ubiquitous) in animals and many bacteria. CoQ10’s presence is most prevalent in mitochondria and it is involved in aerobic cellular respiration and aides in converting ingested nutrients into a readily accessible form of energy, specifically ATP (adenosine triphosphate). CoQ10 is supplied through our diets and can be found more in dark leafy green vegetables, fish and organ meats. CoQ10 supplementation should be beneficial due to its characteristic antioxidant scavenging of free radicals that our body produces while in the cellular respiration process for generating energy from nutrients. Although CoQ10 has great antioxidant benefit, a challenge remains for supplement manufacturers to deliver a sufficient does of this sparingly soluble molecule. Dietary supplements do not have the significant FDA oversight that exists for legend drugs, resulting in significant variability within and between brands. The main hypothesis of this project is that commercially available CoQ10 supplements don’t deliver a sufficient mass of CoQ10 when compared to the labelled quantity. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the group purchased and tested 14 commercially available CoQ10 supplements with each serving containing 100 mg of active, choosing a variety of drug delivery systems (DDS) and also included one in-house product, which contained 70 mg of active. The DDSs examined consisted of 7 soft shell gelatin (SSG) capsules (the most common type available), 3 hard shell gelatin (HSG) capsules, 3 tablets (tab), 1 powder, and 1 suspension. Each DDS was placed into a 500 mL volumetric flask (VF) into an aqueous of 0.1 N HCl acid and 0.1% Tween 80, using a standard FDA dissolution method. To facilitate drug release, the contents were removed from the HSG capsules; the SSG capsules were perforated; and the tabs were broken/crushed. After this, a magnetic stir bar was placed into each flask and all DDS samples were vigorously stirred for 30-45 minutes, including being inverted every 10 minutes to further facilitate dissolution of CoQ10 from each DDS. Filtered samples were obtained and the samples were analyzed by a reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography that was previously developed by this research group. Results and Conclusions: Only two of the 15 products evaluated had significant availability (mean > 50%) of CoQ10; one soft gelatin capsule (Product A, dissolved a mean of 68.57%), and the suspension (Product K, dissolved a mean of 56.71%). All of the other products averaged less than 4% dissolution of the labelled amount (range of values 0.19% to 3.64%). The in-house formulated HSG capsule (Product Q) released a mean amount equal to 8.11% of label (more than twice the percentage of the poorly performing commercial products). The consistency of the products was also variable, with product A having a range of 1.7 to 192 mg of CoQ10 released; Product K had a range of 35.8 to 76.1 mg of drug released. The group concluded that there are acceptable products available, but that most have significant performance issues.
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Alharbi, Sulaiman. "Developing an index of dietary estimation of fermentable carbohydrate to allow dietary analysis for epidemiological studies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7496/.
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It has been proposed that long-term consumption of diets rich in non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs), such as cereals, fruit and vegetables might protect against several chronic diseases, however, it has been difficult to fully establish their impact on health in epidemiology studies. The wide range properties of the different NDCs may dilution their impact when they are combined in one category for statistical comparisons in correlations or multivariate analysis. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the protective effects of NDCs, including increased stool bulk, dilution of carcinogens in the colonic lumen, reduced transit time, lowering pH, and bacterial fermentation to short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the colon. However, it is very difficult to measure SCFA in humans in vivo with any accuracy, so epidemiological studies on the impact of SCFA are not feasible. Most studies use dietary fibre (DF) or Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSP) intake to estimate the levels, but not all fibres or NSP are equally fermentable. It has been proposed that long-term consumption of diets rich in non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs), such as cereals, fruit and vegetables might protect against several chronic diseases, however, it has been difficult to fully establish their impact on health in epidemiology studies. The wide range properties of the different NDCs may dilution their impact when they are combined in one category for statistical comparisons in correlations or multivariate analysis. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the protective effects of NDCs, including increased stool bulk, dilution of carcinogens in the colonic lumen, reduced transit time, lowering pH, and bacterial fermentation to short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the colon. However, it is very difficult to measure SCFA in humans in vivo with any accuracy, so epidemiological studies on the impact of SCFA are not feasible. Most studies use dietary fibre (DF) or Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSP) intake to estimate the levels, but not all fibres or NSP are equally fermentable. The first aim of this thesis was the development of the equations used to estimate the amount of FC that reaches the human colon and is fermented fully to SCFA by the colonic bacteria. Therefore, several studies were examined for evidence to determine the different percentages of each type of NDCs that should be included in the final model, based on how much NDCs entered the colon intact and also to what extent they were fermented to SCFA in vivo. Our model equations are FC-DF or NSP$ 1: 100 % Soluble + 10 % insoluble + 100 % NDOs¥ + 5 % TS** FC-DF or NSP 2: 100 % Soluble + 50 % insoluble + 100 % NDOs + 5 % TS FC-DF* or NSP 3: 100 % Soluble + 10 % insoluble + 100 % NDOs + 10 % TS FC-DF or NSP 4: 100 % Soluble + 50 % insoluble + 100 % NDOs + 10 % TS *DF: Dietary fibre; **TS: Total starch; $NSP: non-starch polysaccharide; ¥NDOs: non-digestible oligosaccharide The second study of this thesis aimed to examine all four predicted FC-DF and FC-NSP equations developed, to estimate FC from dietary records against urinary colonic NDCs fermentation biomarkers. The main finding of a cross-sectional comparison of habitual diet with urinary excretion of SCFA products, showed weak but significant correlation between the 24 h urinary excretion of SCFA and acetate with the estimated FC-DF 4 and FC-NSP 4 when considering all of the study participants (n = 122). Similar correlations were observed with the data for valid participants (n = 78). It was also observed that FC-DF and FC-NSP had positive correlations with 24 h urinary acetate and SCFA compared with DF and NSP alone. Hence, it could be hypothesised that using the developed index to estimate FC in the diet form dietary records, might predict SCFA production in the colon in vivo in humans. The next study in this thesis aimed to validate the FC equations developed using in vitro models of small intestinal digestion and human colon fermentation. The main findings in these in vitro studies were that there were several strong agreements between the amounts of SCFA produced after actual in vitro fermentation of single fibre and different mixtures of NDCs, and those predicted by the estimated FC from our developed equation FC-DF 4. These results which demonstrated a strong relationship between SCFA production in vitro from a range of fermentations of single fibres and mixtures of NDCs and that from the predicted FC equation, support the use of the FC equation for estimation of FC from dietary records. Therefore, we can conclude that the newly developed predicted equations have been deemed a valid and practical tool to assess SCFA productions for in vitro fermentation.
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Malik, Amirmuslim, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Studies on dietary fibre: Analysis, epidemiological and physiological aspects." Deakin University. School of Sciences, 1986. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.142103.
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This thesis involves an investigation in three areas; first, a study of an enzymatic-gravimetric method for the analysis of dietary fibre; second, a survey of dietary fibre intake in an area of a developing country, and finally, some observations on the functional aspects of gel-forming dietary fibre in the rat.
A simple and rapid enzymatic-gravimetric assay for both soluble and insoluble dietary fibre has been critically investigated. Reference samples were also analysed by a more comprehensive, enzymatic gas chromatographic method to allow testing of the relative accuracy of the enzymatic-gravimetric method. The enzymatic-gravimetric method was found to be highly reproducible but gave a slightly higher value for total dietary fibre than the more comprehensive method. This discrepancy is probably due to the presence of small quantities of resistant starch and protein residue which are recovered in the enzymatic-gravimetric method. In the enzymatic-gas chromatographic method, protein residue is not measured, and resistant starch is estimated, but not counted as dietary fibre.
The enzymatic-gravimetric method was applied to the analysis of foods commonly consumed in the Padang region of West Sumatra in Indonesia, in order to estimate dietary fibre intake in the region. Daily intakes of usual foods were estimated by use of a 24-hour recall procedure aided by food photographs to assist in the estimation of portion size. Samples of approximately 60 of the most commonly consumed foods were collected and analysed for dietary fibre. These appear to be the first data which report values for dietary fibre in Indonesion foods and they represent a significant
improvement upon the existing data on crude fibre content. Knowledge of the amounts of foods usually consumed and their dietary fibre content allowed an estimation of usual intakes of dietary fibre. Fibre intake was found to be lower than in the developing countries of Africa and was comparable to intakes measured in the U.K. This is the first study to show that in this part of South East Asia, a developing country area using polished rice as a staple food, dietary fibre intakes are as low as in Western countries.
Low intakes of fibre are believed to be related to the prevalence of a range of diseases and, in this study, preliminary data on the rates of non-infective, chronic diseases were collected from the two main hospitals in West Sumatra. Chronic, non-infectious diseases such as inguinal hernia, appendicitis, haemorrhoids, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and malignant neoplasms of the rectum are relatively frequent in West Sumatra. While no firm conclusions can be drawn from these data, they do show the possibility of a relationship between low intakes of dietary fibre and the prevalence of these diseases, and suggest that further investigation is necessary.
Some observations were made of the effect of gel-forming dietary fibre on stomach emptying and intestinal transit rate in the rat. Xanthan gum was added to iso-osmotic solutions to produce increased viscosity and phenol sulphonphthalein (phenol red) was used as a non-absorbable marker. Gavage feeding of solutions with a range of viscosities was used to study the effect of viscosity on the rate of stomach emptying and intestinal transit. Increased viscosity was observed to slow gastro-intestinal transit and this provides one mechanism by which dietary fibre of the gel-forming type ray improve glucose tolerance.
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Hinderer, Ashley. "Collegiate Athlete Runner Study CARS: A Longitudinal Analysis of Dietary Intake in Comparison with Dietary Recommendations for Athletes." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587466845699645.
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Cooper, Catherine Grace. "Exploring human dietary variation through stable isotope analysis of hair." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61210.
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This thesis explores the use of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotope analysis of modern and archaeological human hair as an indicator of human diets. The thesis is focused around three distinct research projects, two on modern, living humans and one on an archaeological population.
The first project focuses on dietary variation among different populations in modern Ethiopia that share the same resource base but follow different economic and subsistence patterns. This research shows that economic and cultural patterns can cause very distinct and significant differences in diet among populations with access to the same resources. The second project uses data from modern Nicaraguan villagers to explore variability in isotopic signatures among demographic groups within one population. The data reveal significant differences among demographic groups, but the absolute differences are quite small, indicating that it is necessary to have a large sample size to determine isotopic differences within a population. The third project is an archaeological case study presenting the first serial isotopic analysis of human hair from the Basketmaker II (BMII) midden at the site of Turkey Pen Ruins on Cedar Mesa, in south-eastern Utah. These data show potential seasonality of diet at the site, with variations in the amount of C₄ protein being contributed to the diet.
Together these projects contribute to our understanding of how different scales of dietary variation can be interpreted and approached through isotopic analysis of human hair. The studies also show the applicability of both intra-individual and inter-individual isotopic analysis of human hair to our understanding of modern and ancient diets.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Nelson, Maureen Susan. "Exploratory study in dietary analysis of a pediatric WIC population." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74526.
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The diets of 75 two year old children, participating in the Virginia Beach WIC Program, were evaluated twice. They were analyzed using a 24 hour dietary recall (WIC 329), and again using a computer program (Nutritionist I) for RDA. Diets were examined for the nutrients calcium, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron found in the four food groups on the WIC 329. Each food group and corresponding nutrient was identified with varying degrees of success.The protein and calcium assessment were accurate. Under the conditions of this study, several recommendations can be made. The milk group heading could state that one cup of fluid milk provides 310 IU vitamin A. The vitamin A rich foods yield 6000 IU rather than 4000-5000 IU as indicated on the WIC 329. For vitamin C, only 3/4 serving is required to satisfy the RDA rather than the stated full serving. Iron values could be documented on the WIC 329 for the meat, vitamin A, vitamin C, and bread/cereal group. Iron fortified cereals, supplying at least 45% RDA, could be a separate subgroup to reflect the higher iron content. A truncated regression formula was developed to estimate nutritional status. A ceiling of 150% RDA was used to prevent skewing of nutrients. Use of the regression formula instead of the WIC 329 resulted in a 67% improvement of estimating nutritional status.Master of Science
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Morris, Michelle Anne. "Spatial analysis of dietary cost patterns and implications for health." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6894/.
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Background: Chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer are a large burden on society, for which diet is the leading modifiable risk factor. ‘Diet’ can encompass a variety of aspects of food consumption. Dietary patterns arguably best reflect food as consumed. The determinants of diet are varied and include cost and availability of foods. The aim of this research is to investigate if dietary patterns and diet cost vary spatially and whether this influences health outcomes, specifically obesity and breast cancer. Methods: Using data from the UKWomen’s Cohort Study, data driven dietary patterns were previously determined. Cost of diet was assigned using a food cost database. Spatial measures for Government Office Region, North South, Urban/ Rural and the Output Area Classification were assigned matched to postcode of the women. Weight status is calculated from self reported height and weight. Time to event analysis investigated association between dietary pattern, diet cost and breast cancer incidence at each spatial scale. Results: There is some spatial variation in dietary patterns both between and within regions. A healthy in more expensive per day than a less healthy one: £6.63 compared to £3.29. The overweight/ obese pay more for their food. Urban and Northern areas have significantly higher BMI than Rural and Southern areas respectively. Those in areas Constrained by Circumstance have highest prevalence of overweight and obesity. There is some spatial variation in breast cancer incidence and variation by dietary pattern. In postmenopausal women, positive association exists between weight status and risk of breast cancer incidence. Methods used for estimating small area dietary patterns and health outcomes may be applicable for use in other developed populations. Conclusion: Understanding determinants of dietary patterns remains important for public health and making healthy diets accessible to all is important. However, while expensive dietary patterns reflect a healthier diet, they do not appear to be the mechanism for which obesity prevalence and breast cancer incidence occur. Geodemographic classifications, combined with other spatial measures could aid more effective targeting of public health nutrition policy.
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Judy, Kennedy. "An analysis of the dietary iron intakes in celiac patients." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008kennedyj.pdf.
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Naylor, Bradley C. "Creation and Use of Software for Analysis of Kinetic Proteomic Experiments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7358.
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In this dissertation, I will review the history and general strategies for performing kinetic proteomics. I will then demonstrate that I have published an open source, user-friendly program for other scientists to use to perform kinetic proteomics data analysis, as well as publishing a novel discovery of key ribosomal subunits being replaced within the lifetime of the ribosome, which was discovered through use of kinetic proteomics. Finally, I will discuss work that is ongoing to improve my software tool for use in human subjects, and work being done to combine kinetic proteomics with other global analysis methods to make novel biological discoveries. Proteins are constantly synthesized and destroyed to ensure sufficient functioning proteins to meet cellular needs, a process called protein turnover. Synthesis and degradation are carefully balanced over time to ensure that average protein concentrations do not change drastically. The status quo of the cell, or protein homeostasis, is required for the health of the organism. If protein homeostasis breaks down, serious diseases, such as Alzheimer<'>s, can result when proteins aggregate instead of being degraded properly. Because protein turnover is the means to maintain protein homeostasis while keeping sufficient functioning proteins, measuring protein turnover is critical to understanding biological processes and disease states. Measuring protein turnover rates on a broad scale is possible using a method called kinetic proteomics, and the improvement of kinetic proteomics is where I have focused the work for this dissertation.
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Becker, Frauke. "Economic analysis of dietary and physical activity behaviours in relation to obesity." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=198346.
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Rising obesity rates have generated serious policy concern and public interest. Along with biological and genetic factors contributing to weight gain, dietary and physical activity behaviours are considered the main determinants of individual body weight. In order to tackle the increasing obesity problem and change individual behaviour, effective policy interventions need to be developed which target specific groups within the population. Economic frameworks that have been designed to model individual choices can be applied to improve the understanding of how individual characteristics and socio-economic factors affect weight-related behaviours and body weight. This thesis uses data from the Scottish Health Survey and the HILDA (Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia) survey to empirically analyse (1) if average BMI and socio-economic characteristics differ across combinations of weight-related behaviours, (2) how diet and physical activity behaviours, as well as their determinants, can be adapted to explain BMI on average, (3) how determinants of BMI impact differently across a conditional BMI distribution, and (4) to what degree a change in BMI over time can be explained by changing influences. While previous economic research did not consider the combined effect of dietary and physical activity behaviours on body weight, this work will investigate the relationship between the weight-related behaviours and individual BMI on average and across the conditional BMI distribution to identify areas for policy interventions. Results indicate that an increase in individual physical activity is an effective measure to target individual weight. Although the energy balance framework suggests a promotion of both weight-related behaviours and traditional weight management measures promote a reduction in caloric intake, the analyses have shown that physical activity is the predominant behaviour regarding the influence on individual BMI (compared to individual diet measured by quality proxies rather than the overall caloric intake).
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Abeke, Egega. "Dietary analysis of barley crop for animal feed supplementation in poultry farming." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2017. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/7547/.
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Barley contains dietary fibres such as beta-glucan, which are not easily hydrolysable by the avian gastrointestinal enzymes but are linked to possible prebiotic properties. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that selectively encourage the growth of beneficial (probiotic) bacteria in the animal gut. A major advantage of prebiotics is their potential to compensate for the reduction in prophylactic antibiotic use. It is suggested that incorporating prebiotics into animal feed as supplements can modulate animal guts towards ensuring greater immunity against pathogens. The source and physicochemical condition of a prebiotic is key to its functionality. In the case of cereals, location on the grain and extraction method of prebiotics plays a vital role on its viability. Eight varieties of barley were investigated in this study, with grains separated into nine fractions, FR1 - FR9, by pearling, and each fraction analysed for its biochemistry and how it affects the growth of a probiotic bacterium - Lactobacillus acidophilus in a simulated poultry gut. Results showed an increase of beta-glucan from FR1 to FR9. The reverse was the case for protein. FR6 - FR8, supported the highest growth of L. acidophilus, with high amounts of beta-glucan. Multiple regression analysis, showed a strong correlation between bacterial growth patterns observed and beta-glucan in FR1 - FR8. However, FR9 with a high betaglucan content, supported a relatively low amount of bacterial growth, which was attributed to the presence of unavailable nutrients in this fraction. This research contributes information on the precise distribution of potentially prebiotic substances in eight barley varieties, with FR6 - FR9 standing out. This could form the basis for further research on the prebiotic property of barley in terms of prebiotic structure and mode of action, for use in poultry feed supplementation.
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Ceh, Carrie Ann. "Environmental, Biochemical, and Dietary Factors that Influence Rumen Development in Dairy Calves." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91447.
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The dairy industry today is beginning to dedicate more focus on the growth of the calf from birth to first breeding to better improve the milk production as well as the overall performance of the individual cows. While the development of the rumen is one of the most vital contributors to the performance of the calf, it remains unknown what molecular mechanisms are responsible for the development of the rumen, and more specifically the proliferation of rumen epithelial cells. The objectives of this study were to investigate the existing data on rumen development through meta-analysis and to explore the effects of sodium butyrate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on rumen development in calves through experiment.
In the first study a meta-analysis was performed to summarize the literature on calf performance and derive equations that relate rumen (e.g., rumen pH, reticulorumen weight, papillae area) and non-rumen factors (e.g., feed composition, form of feed, housing) to animal performance (e.g., intake of milk replacer (MR), starter, and forage; average daily gain (ADG); and feed efficiency). We looked at four different relationships to further investigate the connections between rumen, non-rumen, and performance factors. In the first and second relationships of interest, the effect of dietary and environmental variables on rumen variables and performance variables were examined, respectively. The third relationship of interest was how rumen variables influenced performance variables. The final relationship of interest was investigating the additive effects of the rumen, dietary, and environmental variables on the performance variables. Forward selection, multiple regression was used to derive equations to select variables that explained variation in the response variable in each model. Results showed that the variation in calf ADG was explained by daily forage intake, calves that were weaned, total starter intake, and total MR intake (concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.976). The variation in feed to gain ratio was explained by the weight of the ruminal contents, daily forage, MR, and starter intakes, percent of starter in the diet, and total starter intake (CCC = 0.992). The variation in daily forage intake was explained by the percent of the diet that was starter or MR (CCC = 0.998). The variation in daily starter intake was explained by the percent of acid detergent fiber in the starter, a pelleted starter (versus a texturized), diets including starter and forage (versus a milk replacer only diet), and the percent of the diet that was MR (CCC = 0.998). The variation in daily MR intake was explained by the percent of the diet that was starter, final body weight, ruminal propionate concentration, and daily starter intake (CCC = 0.918). Based on these analyses, although dietary and environmental factors are closely associated with calf performance, ruminal factors such as volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and ruminal contents appear to have additional, additive influences on calf performance.
In the second study, 24 Holstein bull calves were challenged with oral doses of LPS and sodium butyrate. The hypothesis here was that LPS and sodium butyrate would instigate rumen cell proliferation independently and additively. Calves were assigned to one of four treatments: control (CON; n=5), butyrate (BUTY; n=5), LPS only (LPS-O) (n=6), or LPS plus butyrate (LPSB; n=6). All treatments were administered orally twice daily consisting of either: 0.9% saline (CON); 11 mM sodium butyrate (BUTY); LPS ranging from 2.5 to 40 µg/kg metabolic body weight (BW0.75, LPS), or both butyrate and LPS (LPSB). Calves were fed milk replacer (22% CP, 20% fat, as-fed) and starter (20% CP, 3% fat, as-fed) based on metabolic BW, or about 12% BW of MR and 3% BW of starter. Feed intake, fecal and respiratory scores, and rectal temperature were recorded daily. Calf BW, hip height, jugular blood samples, and rumen content samples (via oroesophageal tube) were collected weekly. Calves were weaned at 6 wk of age and euthanized at 8 wk of age, whereupon ruminal weights and ruminal samples for papillae area and epithelial thickness were collected. Blood and rumen samples were analyzed for concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, LPS-binding protein, and VFA. Data were analyzed as a 2x2 factorial with the repeated effect of week. Three non-orthogonal contrasts (CON versus the average of all other treatments; LPS-O versus LPSB, and LPSB versus BUTY) were investigated. Feed intake, health measures, and blood metabolites did not differ by treatment. Calf BW increased by week (P < 0.0001). Irrespective of week, LPS calves weighed more and had higher ADG than BUTY calves (P = 0.020). Irrespective of week, withers height was greater in LPS compared to CON (P = 0.006). Rumen pH and rumen VFA concentrations did not differ by treatment but did decrease and increase, respectively, with week in conjunction with increased starter intake. Total empty forestomach (P = 0.014) and reticulorumen weights (P = 0.012) were greater in LPSB compared to BUTY. Overall, LPS and sodium butyrate appeared to have synergistically affected some, but not all rumen measurements without affecting calf growth, intake, or health.
Results from the meta-analysis emphasize the importance of continuing to focus on the solid feed intake of the calf from birth through weaning. Implications from the LPS study are imperative to other dairy scientists who will attempt to further study the effects of LPS on the rumen.Master of Science in Life Sciences
Dairy calves are born with an under-developed stomach. The stomach has four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The rumen is the largest component where finger-like projections called papillae grow to absorb nutrients for the calf. It is vital to the calf that the rumen develops not only the papillae to absorb nutrients but also to foster a microbe-rich environment so the microbes can act as a defense mechanism for the calf to aid in fighting disease. While it is known that things like solid feed support the development of the rumen, the mechanism behind how that is happening still remains unclear in the literature. The objective of this study was first to better understand the relationships that exist in the literature between dietary, environmental, and ruminal factors, and second to investigate the claim that certain components of the bacteria in the rumen are stimulating rumen development independently and additively with sodium butyrate. In order to investigate the relationships amongst the dietary, environmental, and ruminal parameters, a computer program called R Studio was used to analyze over 30 different models that extracted data from a database that included a collection of 36 studies from the literature. This is also known as a meta-analysis. The associations of interest that we found were: average daily gain (ADG) of the calf was associated with daily forage intake, calves that were weaned, total starter intake, and total MR intake. Feed efficiency of the calf was associated with the weight of the ruminal contents, daily forage, milk replacer (MR), and starter intakes, percent of the diet composed of starter, and total starter intake. Daily forage intake was associated with the percent of the diet that was starter or MR. Daily starter intake was associated with acid detergent fiber in the starter, a pelleted starter (versus a texturized starter), diets including starter and forage (versus a MR only diet), and the percent of the diet that was MR. Daily MR intake was associated with the percentage of the diet that was starter, final body weight (BW), ruminal propionate concentration, and daily starter intake. These relationships emphasized that although dietary and environmental factors are more closely associated with calf performance, ruminal factors such as rumen contents and volatile fatty acid concentrations appear to have additional, additive influences on calf performance. The second part of the study objective was to explore an idea that, to our knowledge, has not been published in the literature. In the second study, 24 dairy calves were challenged with oral doses of a gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a short-chain fatty acid sodium butyrate. The hypothesis in this study was that the LPS and sodium butyrate would trigger metabolic pathways on the rumen cell membranes to a greater extent together, versus independently, to increase the amount of cells growing. Calves were assigned to one of four treatments: control (CON), butyrate (BUTY), LPS only (LPS-O), or LPS plus butyrate (LPSB). To study this effect, each treatment group was administered their respective treatment orally as a liquid twice daily. To measure the results, the following data was collected: feed intake, fecal and respiratory scores, rectal temperature BW, hip and withers height, blood samples, rumen content and pH samples, papillae area, epithelial thickness, and organ weights. Blood and rumen samples were analyzed for blood metabolites and volatile fatty acids concentrations respectively. Data were analyzed and results showed no difference amongst feed intake, health measures, rumen pH, rumen VFA concentration, and blood metabolites by treatment. Calves on the LPS treatment weighed more and had higher ADG than BUTY treatment calves. Withers height was higher in the LPS group when compared to CON. Stomach weights were higher in the LPSB group when compared to the BUTY group.
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DEAN, KELLY L. "HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF DIETARY CHARACTERISTICS OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN RELATION TO OBSETRICAL OUTCOME." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109019876.
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McCrady, Shelly. "Response surface analysis of rat bone composition changes by dietary calcium and silicon." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003mccradys.pdf.
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Dean, Kelly L. "A historical analysis of dietary characteristics of pregnant women in relation to obsetrical outcome." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1109019876.
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Moreiras, Reynaga Diana Karina. "Pre-Columbian diets in the Soconusco revisited : a dietary study through stable isotopic analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44302.
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This MA thesis focuses on the study of pre-Columbian subsistence and dietary patterns through the use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis of human samples (n = 20) recovered from the Acapetahua, Mazatán, and Río Naranjo zones in the Soconusco region—located in the present-day state of Chiapas, México and the Northeastern coast of Guatemala. The stable isotope results in this study demonstrate the heterogeneity of ancient human diets in the Soconusco region, illustrating the complexity of ancient people’s lifeways from the Late Archaic (3500-1900 cal. B.C.) to the Late Postclassic (A.D. 1250-1530) periods. Further, the presence of C₄ plant (i.e., maize) consumption was minor isotopically compared with the consumption of a variety of locally available wild and cultivated food resources. As a result, there is an absence of a clear subsistence transition towards maize agriculture as the main subsistence practice in the region, based on the human samples analyzed in this study. While the quantification of every food source in the diet, including maize, is more difficult without additional data and other lines of evidence, I suggest that other food products like marine, estuarine, and riverine resources, as well as other wild and cultivated plant foods may have been more important in the every-day diets of Soconusco inhabitants across time (particularly at Mazatán). This appears to have been a common pattern indicative of the wide diversity of food resources found in tropical environments across Mesoamerica.
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Irvine, Benjamin Titus [Verfasser]. "An Isotopic Analysis of Dietary Habits in Early Bronze Age Anatolia / Benjamin Titus Irvine." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130656675/34.
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Cummings, Colleen. "Food and society in late Roman Britain : determining dietary patterns using stable isotope analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496436.
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Omar, Maizatul Hasyima. "Analysis of phytochemical in a Malaysian medicinal plant and the bioavailability of dietary hydroxycinnamates." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4439/.
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The first study was looking into the phytochemical analysis of herbal medicinal plant from Malaysia. Phenolic compounds in an aqueous infusion from leaves of Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae), a well-known herbal tea in Malaysia, were analysed by HPLC coupled to photodiode-array and fluorescence detectors and an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer. Following chromatography of extracts on a reverse phase C12 column 25 flavonoids were characterized and/or tentatively identified, with the main constituents being flavan-3-ol monomers, proanthocyanidins and C-linked flavone glycosides. The proanthocyanidins were dimers and trimers comprising (epi)catechin and (epi)afzelechin units. No higher molecular weight proanthocyanidin polymers were detected. The antioxidant activity of F. deltoidea extract was analysed using HPLC with on-line antioxidant detection. This revealed that 85% of the total antioxidant activity of the aqueous F. deltoidea infusion was attributable to the flavan-3-ol monomers and the proanthocyanidins In terms of the bioavailability of hydroxycinnamates with the high occurrence of p-coumaroylquinic acid in F. deltoidea extract, further study was carried out using radiolabeled caffeic acid. In the study, male Sprague-Dawley rats ingested 140 x 106 dpm of [3-14C]trans-caffeic acid and over the ensuing 72 h period body tissues, plasma, urine and faeces were collected and the overall levels of radioactivity determined. Where sufficient radioactivity had accumulated samples were analysed by HPLC with on-line radioactivity and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Nine labeled compounds were identified, the substrate and its cis isomer, 3¢-O- and 4¢-O-sulphates and glucuronides of caffeic acid, 4¢-O-sulphates and glucuronides of ferulic acid and isoferulic acid-4¢-O-sulphate. Four unidentified metabolites were also detected. After passing down the gastrointestinal tract the majority of the radiolabeled metabolites were excreted in urine with minimal accumulation in plasma. Only relatively small amounts of unidentified 14C-labeled metabolites were expelled in faeces. There was little or no accumulation of radioactivity in body tissues, including the brain. The overall recovery of radioactivity 72 h after ingestion of [3-14C]caffeic acid was ~80% of intake. The role of colonic microflora in the metabolism of caffeic acid was carried using an in vitro model of the human colonic microflora. Caffeic acid (55 µmoles) was incubated with human faecal materials obtained from five Asian donors, and caffeic acid degradation was monitored from 0-8 h. Faecal samples were analysed by GC-MS, where major phenolic acids identified were dihydrocaffeic acid, 3-(3¢-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and phenylacetic acid. Caffeic acid was quickly degraded by the colonic microflora, as it disappeared after 4 h of incubation in two of the faecal samples. The degree of degradation of caffeic acid was significantly influenced by the addition of glucose as well as individual variations in the density and the composition of microflora. These findings support extensive metabolism of caffeic acid in the colon, depending on the substrate concentration and the supplement of glucose which resulting the formation of simple phenolics.
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Livengood, Sarah Victoria. "Refining Dietary Estimates at Machu Picchu Using Combined Dental Macro/Microwear and Isotopic Analyses." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/62.
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Reconstructing diet in Andean populations is complicated by ecological complexity and by large-scale population movements and trade networks during the period of imperial rule. It is therefore more difficult to reconstruct dietary patterns within these contexts. Previous multi-isotopic analysis of the skeletal population from the Inca site of Machu Picchu indicates marked variation in dietary composition both early and late in life. However, these data are limited in their specificity due to overlap in isotopic signals from different resource types. I compare existing isotopic data to enamel macro- and microwear data to more accurately profile diet composition in a Machu Picchu skeletal population subset. Results suggest there is little to no dietary variation between sexes and age groups. Results also reveal the role that maize played in the diet of this non-elite population, which may prove useful in more accurately estimating consumed food resources in this and other Andean populations.
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Ax, Erika. "Dietary Patterns : Identification and Health Implications in the Swedish Population." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-250280.
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We eat foods not nutrients. What is more, we eat them in combinations. Consequently, capturing our complex food habits is likely an advantage in nutrition research. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was therefore to investigate dietary patterns in the Swedish population –nutrient intakes, nutritional biomarkers and health aspects. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the developed world. However, the impact of dietary factors on disease risk is largely unknown. In Study I we investigated the association between a Mediterranean- and a Low-carbohydrate-high-protein dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk, in a cohort of elderly Swedish men. The latter (but not the former) was associated, inversely, with prostate cancer risk when taking validity in food records into account. Diet is one of our main exposure routes to environmental contaminants. Hence, such exposure could act as a mediating factor in the relation between diet and health. In Study II we investigated the association between; a Mediterranean- and a Low-carbohydrate-high-protein dietary pattern, as well as the official dietary recommendations, and circulating levels of environmental contaminants, in an elderly Swedish population. The first two patterns were positively related to levels of both persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, whilst the dietary recommendations were inversely associated to dioxin and lead. Finally, although dietary patterns are likely to influence health, little is known about current dietary patterns in Sweden. In Study III we used a data-reduction method to identify dietary patterns in a nationwide sample of the Swedish population. Two major patterns were derived; a Healthy pattern of foods generally considered healthy (e.g. vegetables, fruits, fish and vegetable-oils) and a Swedish traditional pattern (with e.g. meats, potatoes, sauces, non-Keyhole milk-products, sweet-bakery products and margarine). Derived patterns were associated to population characteristics and the Healthy dietary pattern was inversely associated to anthropometric variables in Study IV. Dietary characteristics of the patterns were well reflected in correlations to nutrient intake and (to a lesser extent) in nutritional biomarkers. In conclusion dietary patterns for overall health should be considered, as well as other lifestyle-factors, when interpreting results in nutrition epidemiology and establishing dietary recommendations.
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Alhammad, Ali M. "FACTORS INFLUENCING PHARMACISTS’ DECISION TO REPORT ADVERSE EVENTS RELATED TO DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2849.
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Background: The increasing consumption of dietary supplements (DS) has drawn the attention of regulatory agencies, researchers and healthcare professionals. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not require premarketing assessment of DS considering them safe unless proven otherwise. However, the reporting rate of DS adverse events (DS-AE) is low. Objective: To describe pharmacists’ attitudes and knowledge of DS and DS information resources, and to determine the importance of selected attributes in pharmacists’ decisions to report a DS-AE. Methods: A convenience sample of practicing pharmacists in Virginia was surveyed using a web-based self-administered questionnaire. A conjoint analysis exercise was developed using several scenarios based on a set of five attributes: patient’s age, initiation of DS, last modification in drug therapy, evidence supporting the AE, and outcome of the AE. Participants were asked to indicate their decision to report the AE in each scenario to prescriber, drug manufacturer, DS manufacturer and FDA on a 6-point ordered scale. Participants’ attitude, knowledge of DS, demographic information, and DS information resources were also requested. Linear regression models were used to determine the relative importance of the profile attributes on a pharmacist’s decision to report the AE. The effects of other characteristics on the importance of the attributes were assessed. Results: Participants’ overall attitudes were relatively positive for the clinical use of DS but negative for safe of DS. Formal training on DS was associated with better knowledge of DS regulation. The average knowledge score of DS identification was relatively good but was low for DS regulation. Lexi-Comp® was the most widely used and available information resource and the Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database was the most useful once. The most important attribute that a pharmacist considered in the decision to report a DS-AE to DS manufacturer, drug manufacturer and FDA was the outcome of the AE followed by the evidence supporting the AE. Ranking of these two factors was the reversed in reporting to prescriber. Conclusions: Outcome and evidence of the AE are the most important factors participants considered when reporting. Other characteristics do not have an impact on the relative importance of the attributes.
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Lycett, Deborah Anne. "Weight gain associated with smoking cessation : a cohort analysis and feasibility trial for dietary management." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3254/.
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Background: Quitting smokers gain weight, this offsets some advantages of quitting and may increase risk of type 2 diabetes above that of continuing smokers. The extent of weight gain, the associated characteristics, and management that will not hinder quit success are unclear. Method: Examination of weight gain in an 8year prospective cohort. Feasibility trial of smoking cessation combined with a very low calorie diet(VLCD) or individualised diet and physical activity planning(IDAP) with usual care. Results: Abstainers gained 9kg, 7kg more than smokers over 8years. Underweight and obese smokers gained most. Less weight gain (1.7kg) was associated with higher baseline alcohol consumption (14units/week vs. none). Recruitment from general practices was difficult and limited by VLCD contraindications. Following training, primary care nurses competently delivered specialist dietary interventions. The control condition was generally unacceptable. Half those on the VLCD were non-adherent. Mean weight change was +0.7kg(control), -1.3kg(IDAP), -7.1kg(VLCD) and +0.4kg for abstinence. We found lower cigarette cravings in the VLCD than control arm, but no difference in IDAP and unrelated to hunger. Relapse was greatest in the VLCD and least in the control. Conclusion: Weight gain after cessation is important and IDAP but not VLCD is a feasible approach for tackling this.
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Nykjaer, Camilla. "Dietary patterns in pregnancy and offspring growth outcomes : a multi-country analysis of birth cohorts." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16844/.
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Fetal life and early childhood are periods of rapid growth and development and both serve as important indicators of health in later life. Maternal diet during pregnancy has been recognised as one of the major lifestyle factors influencing both fetal growth and long term health. The link between maternal dietary patterns and fetal growth has been examined to some extent, little however is known on the potential long term effects on child growth. Using data from three large international cohort studies, this thesis aimed to assess the effect of maternal dietary components and patterns during pregnancy on offspring growth. The literature review revealed a heterogeneous body of studies that was generally supportive of a positive association between a health conscious maternal dietary pattern during pregnancy characterised by high intakes of fruit, vegetables, water and wholegrains and offspring size at birth. The evidence relating later child growth to maternal diet in pregnancy was inconclusive mainly due to a lack of research as well as heterogeneity amongst studies. Analyses of the association between maternal alcohol intake and fatty fish consumption prior to and during pregnancy and offspring size at birth was explored; providing further support on the evidence of alcohol as a teratogen, even in low amounts in the first trimester of pregnancy. The evidence for fatty fish intake however was inconclusive. In order to facilitate between study comparisons, a common food grouping system was applied to dietary data from the three cohorts and principal component analysis was performed on energy adjusted dietary data. Two, four and seven components were derived from each cohort. However, the dietary patterns identified from the different cohorts did share some commonalities. In particular, a dietary pattern characterised by high positive correlations with fruit, water and unrefined grains and negative correlations with refined grains and chips, seemed to be present in all three datasets. These were also the components that showed the most convincing associations with offspring growth outcomes at birth and around 7 years of age, even after taking into account known confounders and assessing possible mediation by birth weight and gestational weight gain as well as effect modification by breastfeeding and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI status.
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Stroster, John A. "Meta-Analytic Assessment of Blood Lipid Response to Dietary Manipulation of Macronutrient Distribution." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293605.
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Incorporating the best findings from current, high-quality research into routine clinical practice is the basis of evidence-based care. Chapter 1: "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Evidence-Based Care" is a review of the systematic review process, including meta-analysis, aimed at clinical professionals with limited statistical training. It advocates the use of the systematic review process, outlines some general techniques, and provides selected resources where individuals can acquire additional assistance. The typical steps involved include: formulating a clear research question, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting the data and assessing the study quality, summarizing and synthesizing the evidence, and then interpreting the findings. When effort is made to minimize bias and locate as many articles on a particular topic as possible, systematic reviews and meta-analyses can produce invaluable findings for evidence-based care. Chapter 2: "The Effect of Macronutrient Distribution on the Lipid Profile in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" describes a systematic review and meta-analysis that examined the impact total macronutrients had on blood lipid levels. This chapter builds upon the concepts introduced in chapter one, and assesses the effect of manipulating macronutrient distribution on the lipid profile of adults, and compares these effects to recommendations regarding macronutrients, such as the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs). Suggestions related to improving the quality of meta-analyses are also outlined, and supplemental analyses are provided at the end of the dissertation.
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Cooper, Catherine Grace. "Determining short-term dietary change in the American Southwest : seasonality using isotopic analysis of human hair." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45200.
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This study examines short-term dietary change in a Basketmaker II population from the American Southwest using stable isotope analysis of human hairs from a midden excavated at the site of Turkey Pen Ruins. Each individual hair was segmented and each section analyzed for δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N on an Elementar-Isoprime EA-IRMS to explore changes in both plant and meat protein intake across a period of months. The data show that there is some variation along the length of individual hairs, and even though the magnitude of the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N shifts are not the same across all hair strands, there is enough evidence of semi-sinusoidal curvature in all hairs suggesting seasonal variation in the diet. The isotope values of these individuals, when compared to previously-published δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N data from archaeological American Southwest turkey remains, suggests that both Basketmaker II humans from Turkey Pen Ruins and turkeys recovered from nearby sites had a similar, mostly herbivorous, diet.
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Provo, Casey. "A Longitudinal Analysis of the Dietary Patterns in Overweight/Obese Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Postpartum Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406818450.
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Young, Stephanie. "A Dyadic Analysis of Couple Attachment Behaviors as Predictors of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity Levels." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3958.
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While there is substantial evidence that marriage impacts health, no studies have explicitly analyzed the association between attachment behaviors and health practices. This study examines the relationship between couples' attachment behaviors and health practices, as measured by physical activity levels and dietary habits. Couple data was analyzed from the RELATE database (n= 4,957 couples). An Actor Partner Interdependence Model, using a multinomial logistic regression, was used to examine the relationships between attachment behaviors and health practices, as measured by activity level and dietary habits. Results for actor paths indicate that wives' own attachment behaviors significantly influence their own health practices. Husbands' attachment behaviors are not significantly related to their own health practices. Results also show no significant partner paths for either spouse. Clinical implications for treating women who present with health problems are discussed, as are directions for future research.
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Hernandez, Nicole M. "Archaeological Starch Preservation and Methodological Parameters: Where Does Qaraqara Fit?" The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429231987.
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Wilkemeyer, Chandra A. "Analysis of various feedstuffs, database formulation, and dietary evaluation of selected animal diets at the Honolulu Zoo." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7052.
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The objectives of this thesis research are as follows: 1. Perform nutritional analysis and create a database of selected nutrients for all currently fed feedstuffs for the six species (Guenther's dik-dik, black rhinoceros, Asian elephant, slender-tailed meerkat, Francois' langur and Raggiana bird of paradise) selected for dietary evaluation. 2. Determine 7-day feed consumption and calculate nutrient intakes for these six species through the weighing of feedstuffs and orts. 3. Determine appropriate nutrient intake levels for these six species. 4. Evaluate current diets for nutrient deficiencies or abundances by comparing calculated nutrient intakes to published appropriate nutrient levels for the species. 5. Formulate new balanced rations using local browse, by-products and other available feeds, along with acceptable feedstuff substitutions.xiv, 266 leaves
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Jaiswal, Rakesh [Verfasser]. "Synthesis and Analysis of the Dietary Relevant Isomers of Chlorogenic Acids, Their Derivatives and Hydroxycinnamates / Rakesh Jaiswal." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1035217333/34.
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Mendonça, Nuno Miguel Pinho. "Dietary intake, B vitamins and health outcomes in the very old : analysis of the Newcastle 85+ study." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4104.
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The very old (aged 85 and over) are the fastest growing age group in the UK and most western societies. High incidence of disability and chronic diseases, financial constraints, polypharmacy, hospitalisation, body composition, sensory and gastrointestinal changes place very old adults at increased risk of malnutrition. However, very little is known about the dietary habits and health trajectories in this age group. Further, because one-carbon (1-C) metabolism biomarkers are largely modifiable and have been associated with cognition, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, its modulation is of special interest. The overall aim of this PhD thesis was to provide an accurate snapshot of the dietary habits of the very old and examine health trajectories with respect to 1-C metabolism biomarkers in a unique cohort such as the Newcastle 85+ Study. Specifically, we aimed to explore the dietary habits of the very old; to investigate the association between folate, vitamin B12 and its status; and to investigate the cognitive decline and mortality trajectories with respect to 1-C metabolism biomarkers. The Newcastle 85+ Study is a longitudinal population-based study of health trajectories and outcomes over 5 years in 845 eighty-five year olds in North East England. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline on two non-consecutive occasions by a 24 hour Multiple Pass Recall. Baseline red blood cell folate (RBC folate), plasma vitamin B12 and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations were determined by immunoassays. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline, 1.5, 3 and 5 years with the standardized mini-mental state examination and a battery of attention tests. Mortality was obtained from the Health and Social Care Information Service, UK. A high percentage of the participants did not meet the dietary reference values for energy, non-starch polysaccharides and several micronutrients. Cereals and cereal products were the top contributors for energy, most macronutrients and several micronutrients, including folate. RBC folate and tHcy were associated with better global cognition at baseline but were not predictive of the rate of decline over 5 years. Higher concentrations of tHcy in all participants and plasma vitamin B12 in women were associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This thesis highlights the paucity of data and uncertainties in this age group. Furthermore, it demonstrates a link between 1-C metabolism biomarkers and age-related diseases.
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Selem, Soraya Sant\'Ana de Castro. "Padrões da dieta e hipertensão em adultos e idosos de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-03072012-091758/.
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Introdução: A hipertensão, doença cardiovascular de alta prevalência, tem influência relevante na morbi-mortalidade da população, e a dieta é um de seus principais fatores de risco modificáveis. Objetivos: Verificar a validade da hipertensão auto-referida e a associação entre os padrões da dieta e a hipertensão auto-referida em residentes do município de São Paulo. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados do estudo transversal de base populacional ISA - Capital 2008, referentes à amostra probabilística de residentes do município de São Paulo com 20 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2008 e 2010, por meio de duas visitas domiciliares e inquérito telefônico. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos, de estilo de vida, inquérito alimentar, e a pressão arterial foi aferida. A validade da hipertensão auto-referida foi verificada pela sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP), valor preditivo negativo (VPN) e coeficiente kappa. Estimou-se o consumo alimentar por dois recordatórios de 24 horas, ajustando-se a variabilidade pelo Multiple Source Method. Os padrões da dieta foram obtidos pela análise fatorial por componentes principais. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para verificar as associações. Resultados: A sensibilidade da hipertensão auto-referida foi 71,1%, especificidade 80,5%, VPP 73,7%, VPN 78,5% e kappa 0,52. Índice de massa corporal (IMC) e escolaridade foram independentemente associados à sensibilidade (IMC 25 kg/m : RP=1,42; escolaridade 9 anos: RP=0,71). Foram obtidos três padrões da dieta: prudente, tradicional, e contemporâneo. Hipertensão, sexo, idade, renda, plano de saúde, cor da pele, consumo de bebida alcoólica e escolaridade associaram-se à aderência aos padrões da dieta. Os hipertensos apresentaram maior probabilidade de aderência ao padrão prudente e probabilidade menor de aderência ao padrão tradicional. Conclusões: A hipertensão auto-referida é válida na população estudada do município de São Paulo. Sobrepeso está positivamente associado à validade da hipertensão auto-referida, e escolaridade negativamente associada. A aderência aos padrões da dieta associou-se a hipertensão e a fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, de estilo de vida, bem como à presença de plano de saúde. Esses resultados sugerem a existência de públicos-alvo para o planejamento e execução de políticas públicas em alimentação e nutrição para a prevenção e controle da hipertensão.Introduction: Hypertension, prevalent cardiovascular disease, has influenced the morbidity and mortality rates, and the diet is a important modifiable risk factors. Objectives: To assess the validity of self-reported hypertension, and the association between dietary patterns and self-reported hypertension among residents in São Paulo. Methods: The study considered data from cross-sectional populationbased ISA - 2008 Capital with random sample of residents of São Paulo aged above 20 years and both sexes. In 2008 and 2010, a structured questionnaire with information about socioeconomic, anthropometric, lifestyle, dietary was colleted, and blood pressure was measured. The validity of self-reported hypertension was evaluated with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and kappas coefficient. The food intake was estimated by two 24-hour recalls, adjusting the variability with Multiple Source Method. The dietary patterns were obtained by principal component factor analysis and Poisson regression was used to assess relationships. Results: The sensitivity of self-reported hypertension was 71.1%, specificity 80.5%, PPV 73.7%, NPV 78.5% and kappa 0.52. Body mass index (BMI) and education level were independently associated with sensitivity (BMI 25 kg/m2: PR=1.42; education 9 years: PR=0.71). Three dietary patterns were obtained: prudent, traditional, and modern. Hypertension, sex, age, income, health insurance, skin color, alcohol intake and education level, were associated with adherence to dietary patterns. Hypertensives showed higher adherence to prudent pattern and lower to traditional pattern. Conclusions: The self-reported hypertension is valid in the studied population of São Paulo. Positive association of overweight and negative association of education level with validity of self-reported hypertension were observed. The adherence to dietary patterns associated with hypertension and demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and the presence of a health insurance. These results suggest there is evidence of risk groups and possible public policies related to diet for prevention and control of hypertension in target groups.
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Matni, Gisèle. "Speciation of selenium in food supplements." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40393.
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Selective isolation protocols of selenium (Se) species integrated to Se specific atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) detection were developed and optimized for Se speciation in food supplements, including selenized yeasts. By ultrafiltration, 69.18% of Se in the extract was found as a low molecular weight soluble form, the remaining 30.82% was bound to high molecular weight components. After a cation-exchange chromatography of the ultrafiltrate, 3.77% of the Se in the extract was found in the aqueous washings of the column indicating the presence of free inorganic anions of Se; the 65.41% of Se retained on the column corresponded to the free organic Se cations. The limit of detection for the HPLC-THG-AAS system was 1.85 ng of Se. Se was shown to be widely distributed over all the proteins with one sharp peak corresponding to the free forms of Se. Four major peaks were found at MW $>$ 250 000 Da (15.97% of Se recovered), between 102 330 and 117 490 Da (7.06%), between 48 977 and 53 703 Da (12.71%) and close to the dye migration band (17.25%).Selective isolation and HPLC-AAS protocols were also developed and optimized for the determination of free organic forms e.g. selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocystine (SeCystine) and inorganic forms of selenium in aqueous solutions, and in complex matrices such as nutritional supplements and mixtures of free amino acids. The selenoamino acid in alkaline solution was first derivatized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. After removal of excess of reagent by partitioning with diethyl ether, the N-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-derivatized selenoamino acid was acidified and extracted with diethyl ether. Inorganic Se(IV) was extracted from the acidic aqueous phases by complexation with 1,2-phenylenediamine, forming a piazselenol. Se derivatives were determined selectively by HPLC-THG-AAS. A selective chromatographic mechanism based on $ pi$-electron interactions was optimized using a silica stationary phase derivatized with p-nitrophenyl moieties. Co-injections of DNP-SeMet, DNP-SeCystine and piazselenol save retention times of 3.7, 4.0 and 4.9 min, respectively, using a methanolic mobile phase containing 1.5% triethylamine and 0.013M acetic acid. Primary analytical validation parameters including stability, linearity and limits of detection were obtained using purified DNP-SeMet, DNP-SeCystine and piazselenol standards which were characterized by $ sp1$H-, $ sp{13}$C- and $ sp{77}$Se-NMR analysis and/or fast atom bombardment MS techniques. The calibration graphs for sequential dilutions of these Se standards were linear and the limits of detection from the resultant calibration graphs were 17 ng, 0.21 ng and 18.53 ng of Se, respectively. The purified DNP-SeMet and DNP-SeCystine were found to be photosensitive. The recovery of SeMet, SeCystine and inorganic Se from the stock solutions and/or nutritional supplements was virtually quantitative. In the presence of a 500-fold excess of other amino acids, the recovery of SeMet and SeCystine (96.1 $ pm$ 3.9% and 98.08 $ pm$ 4.2%, respec
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Mazidi, Mohsen, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Naveed Sattar, Peter P. Toth, Suzanne Judd, Michael J. Blaha, Adrian V. Hernandez, Peter E. Penson, and Maciej Banach. "Association of types of dietary fats and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of prospective studies with 1,148,117 participants." Churchill Livingstone, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652188.
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Background: Associations between dietary fats and mortality are unclear. Methods: We evaluated the relationship between quartiles of total fat, mono-unsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) consumption, and all-cause, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated mortality in 24,144 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1999–2010. We added our results to a meta-analysis based on searches until November 2018. Results: In fully adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models in our prospective study, there was an inverse association between total fat (HR: 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.82, 0.99, Q4 vs Q1) and PUFA (0.81, 0.78–0.84) consumption and all-cause mortality, whereas SFA were associated with the increased mortality (1.08, 1.04–1.11). In the meta-analysis of 29 prospective cohorts (n = 1,148,117) we found a significant inverse association between total fat (0.89, 0.82–0.97), MUFA (0.93, 0.87–0.99) and PUFA (0.86, 0.80–0.93) consumption and all-cause mortality. No association was observed between total fat and CVD (0.92, 0.79–1.08) or CHD mortality (1.03 0.99–1.09). A significant association between SFA intake and CHD mortality (1.10, 1.01–1.20) was observed. Neither MUFA nor PUFA were associated with CVD or CHD mortality. Inverse associations were observed between MUFA (0.80, 0.67–0.96) and PUFA (0.84, 0.80–0.90) intakes and stroke mortality. Conclusions: We showed differential associations of total fat, MUFA and PUFA with all-cause mortality, but not CVD or CHD mortalities. SFA was associated with higher all-cause mortality in NHANES and with CHD mortality in our meta-analysis. The type of fat intake appears to be associated with important health outcomes.European Society of Cardiology
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Handing, Elizabeth. "Mediation and Moderation Analysis of Nutrition, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Cognition in Older Adults." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5696.
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Nutrition can be viewed as a modifiable factor related to maintaining and preserving health in older adults. Previous studies have found that nutritional factors can influence cognitive abilities, however few studies have examined macronutrients and micronutrients as they relate to cognitive functioning. Research has yet to examine the mechanisms related to nutrition, cognition and aging in an older adult population from a holistic and interactive perspective.
This dissertation examined three research questions to better understand the relationship between age, nutrition, cognition, and inflammatory biomarkers. First, is nutrition related to cognition beyond demographic factors? Do individual nutrients serve as mediators? Second, are inflammatory biomarkers significant mediators to cognitive performance? Third, do nutrients and inflammatory markers interact as moderators to cognitive performance?
This study examined 1,317 adults 60 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). Macronutrients were collected from a retrospective 24-hour dietary recall, micronutrient values were obtained from blood serum/plasma for vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, homocysteine, iron, folate, and inflammatory biomarkers values were obtained from blood serum/plasma for C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and ferritin. Cognition was measured by 6 tasks: immediate and delayed word recall, immediate and delayed story recall, orientation, and digit subtraction. All tasks were then combined to form a global cognitive measure.
Results for question one found that after controlling for age, sex, education, and total calorie intake, higher intake of polyunsaturated fat was related to better global cognition and delayed story recall score (std β= .08, p= .028, std β= .08, p=.04 respectively). Greater than 28% of calories from carbohydrate indicated worse global cognition and delayed story recall (std β= -.013, p= .028, and std β= -.158, p= .01). Higher intake of saturated fat and protein were related to worse digit subtraction scores (std β= -.160, p= .02, std β= -.064, p= .02). Higher serum vitamin C, D, and folate levels were related to better global cognition and digit subtraction. Additionally, higher serum vitamin C and D were associated with better orientation score, and folate was related to better immediate and delayed story recall. Building from these relationships, individual mediation models found that serum vitamin C, vitamin D, folate, and ferritin were significant mediators between age and the previously mentioned cognitive tasks.
Results for question two examined mediation between inflammatory markers and cognition and found that higher fibrinogen was related to worse global cognition and digit subtraction. Higher ferritin was associated with better delayed word recall.
Question three investigated the moderating relationship between age, nutrients, and biomarkers, and results found that folate and fibrinogen were significant moderators. Higher serum folate was related to better global cognition and immediate story recall. Ferritin values below 1.2 and above 3.2g/l indicated worse digit subtraction performance. Evidence for a dose-dependent relationship was confirmed.
Results from this project demonstrated that select nutrients (polyunsaturated fat, vitamin C, D, and folate), and inflammatory markers (ferritin and fibrinogen) were associated with cognitive performance across various cognitive domains. Consuming a diet rich in healthy fatty acids, and antioxidants may be beneficial for cognitive health. Future studies should continue to examine the underlying mechanisms connected to maintaining, preserving, and protecting cognitive abilities in older adults.
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Hita-Contreras, Fidel, Juan Bueno-Notivol, Antonio Martínez-Amat, David Cruz-Díaz, Adrian V. Hernandez, and Faustino R. Pérez-López. "Effect of exercise alone or combined with dietary supplements on anthropometric and physical performance measures in community-dwelling elderly people with sarcopenic obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624612.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Objective: To evaluate the effect of exercise (EXE) alone or exercise combined with dietary supplements (EXE-SUPPL) on body composition and physical performance in subjects 60 years and older with sarcopenic obesity. Methods: A systematic review was carried out of studies identified through five search engines up to April 15, 2018. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating EXE or EXE-SUPPL in elderly individuals with sarcopenic obesity for at least six weeks. Primary outcomes were percentage of body fat mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and hand grip strength. Random effects meta-analyses with the inverse variance method were used to evaluate the effects of interventions on outcomes. Effects were expressed as mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool. Results: Nine papers reporting seven RCTs (with a total of 558 participants) were included in the review. EXE alone and EXE-SUPPL increased grip strength (MD 1.30 kg; 95% CI 0.58–2.01), gait speed (MD 0.05 m/s; 95% CI 0.03–0.07) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (MD 0.40 kg; 95% CI 0.18–0.63). EXE alone and EXE-SUPPL reduced waist circumference (MD −1,40 cm; 95% CI −1.99 to −0.81), total fat mass (MD −1,77 kg; 95% CI −2.49 to −1.04), and trunk fat mass (MD −0.82 kg; 95% CI −1.22 to −0.42). Conclusion: EXE alone and EXE-SUPPL improved muscle-related outcomes and reduced fat-related outcomes in subjects with sarcopenic obesity. There is a need for better-designed RCTs with systematic assessment of both different exercise regimes and dietary supplements in sarcopenic obese subjects.
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Fujii, Yukiko. "Analysis of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids in Composite Dietary Samples by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry with Electron Capture Negative Ionization." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188708.
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Jones, Willie Brad. "Exploring a combined quantitative and qualitative research approach in developing a culturally competent dietary behavior assessment instrument." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29718.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Vidakovic, Branislav; Committee Member: Edwards, Paula; Committee Member: Griffin, Paul; Committee Member: Grinter, Rebecca; Committee Member: Mullis, Rebecca. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Marschner, Caroline A. "ANALYSIS OF DIETARY OVERLAP BETWEEN YELLOW PERCH (PERCA FLAVESCENS) AND ROUND GOBY (NEOGOBIUS MELANOSTOMUS) IN WESTERN LAKE ERIE THROUGH GUT AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1069365415.
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Phaff, Brianne Nicole. "Human dietary and mobility patterns of a prehistoric population from Sigatoka, Fiji : a reconstruction using stable isotope analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42925.
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This thesis will explore dietary change and human movement/migration patterns of prehistoric humans interred at the site of Sigatoka, Viti Levu, Fiji through the isotope analysis of human and faunal skeletal material. Our dataset includes human tooth enamel and bone collagen samples of 52 individuals interred at the western and eastern burial groups at Sigatoka, which span four discrete periods of occupation, as well as a series of faunal remains excavated from the site. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) the proportion of marine versus terrestrial protein fraction of the diet through an analysis of stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) values of human bone collagen; (2) the fraction of local versus foreign individuals at the site through an analysis of strontium (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) values in human tooth enamel; and (3) differences in diet in relation to sex, age, or place of birth through a comparison of isotopic values with previous osteological and mortuary analyses of the burials at Sigatoka. The results of our analyses suggest a diet consisting of mixed marine/terrestrial resources, and while the majority of individuals appear to be local, twelve individuals produced non-local strontium signatures relative to local bioavailable strontium values. Although no clear patterns of diet or mobility in relation to age, sex, or occupation period were revealed, our results imply that both marine and terrestrial resources played an important part in the subsistence strategies of prehistoric Fijians, and that some inter or intra-island migration was occurring.
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Mketsu, Qayiso K. "Comparative dietary analysis of four small pelagic fish species from presumed mixed shoals off South Africa's east coast." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6493.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-65).
Stomach contents of sardine (Sardinops sagax), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), west coast redeye (Etrameus whiteheadi) and east coast redeye (E. teres) were collected from presumed mixed shoals off South Africa's east coast. The stomach contents were analysed to 1) determine the diet composition of each species in terms of dietary carbon, 2) assess whether resource partitioning by prey type and/or prey size occurs amont the four species, 3) compare results with what is known about the diet of these species on the west and south coasts of South Africa and 4) characterize diet of east coast redeye.
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Hali, Esinhart. "A Comparison of Methods of Analysis to Control for Confounding in a Cohort Study of a Dietary Intervention." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2835.
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Comparing samples from different populations can be biased by confounding. There are several statistical methods that can be used to control for confounding. These include; multiple linear regression, propensity score matching, propensity score/logit of propensity score as a single covariate in a linear regression model, stratified analysis using propensity score quintiles, weighted analysis using propensity scores or trimmed scores. The data were from two studies of a dietary intervention (FIBERR and RNP). The outcome variable was change from baseline to one month for eight outcome measures; fat, fiber, and fruits/ vegetables behavior, fat, fiber, and fruits/vegetables intentions, fat and fruits/vegetables self-efficacy. It was found that the propensity score matching and the quintiles analysis were the two best methods for analyzing this dataset. The weighted analyses were the worst of all the methods compared in analyzing this particular dataset.
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Lorenz, Melissa. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Energy and Nutrient Intake of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Postpartum Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367945000.
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Jemberie, Wossenseged Birhane. "Diet, Emission and Diabetes : A treelet transform pattern analysis on Västerbotten Intervention Program." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-152624.
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Objective: Researches which studied the relation of dietary greenhouse gas emissions with health outcomes are few, inconsistent and most of them are modelling studies which have not investigated empiric dietary emission patterns. In this study, we employ a posteriori data dimension reduction method, treelet transform, to identify dietary and diet related emission patterns concurrently. We aim to evaluate if these patterns are correlated, if they areassociated with diabetes and if emission patterns can be used as a proxy for dietary patterns for assessment of association with diabetes. Design: Food items from dietary questionnaire were aggregated to 34 food groups. GHGE was estimated by linking food intakes with life cycle assessment data on emission. Dietary and emission patterns were identified by employing treelet transform on food intake and corresponding greenhouse gas emission data. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate associations between quintiles of dietary patterns and diabetes. Adjusted mean values of emission estimates were obtained for the identified dietary patterns. Adjusted proportions of diabetes across quintiles of emission patterns were computed. Setting: Västerbotten Intervention Program Subjects: women (n 38,118); men (n 36,042) between the age of 35 and 65 years Results: Four dietary and four corresponding emission patterns in women, five dietary and five corresponding emission patterns in men were identified. Moderate to strong correlations were observed between dietary and corresponding emission patterns. Prudent dietary pattern (PP) in women was inversely associated with dysglycemia [ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.82 (95% CI 0.69—0.97, Ptrend =0.003)]. PP in women was also inversely associated with diabetes [ORQ5 vs.Q1 = 0.37 (95% CI 0.17—0.78, Ptrend = 0.002)]. However, adherence to this dietary pattern was associated with higher dietary emission. Finally, none of the corresponding emission patterns, were associated with adjusted proportions of either dysglycemia or diabetes. Conclusion: Treelet transform produces correlated dietary and emission patterns which are sparse and easily interpretable. However, some differences in loading structures between dietary and emission patterns result in different conclusion regarding the association with diabetes, rendering the usage of emission patterns as proxies of dietary patterns inappropriate. Results from our study also show that healthy dietary patterns do not necessarily reduce greenhouse gas emission.
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Dinauer, Christina Marie. "Analysis of in vitro binding of dietary fibers by the phytoestrogen, daidzein, in the presence and absence of iron." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000dinauerc.pdf.
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Noche-Dowdy, Liotta Desiree. "Multi-Isotope Analysis to Reconstruct Dietary and Migration Patterns of an Avar Population from Sajópetri, Hungary, AD 568-895." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5547.
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The Avar were nomadic people from Central Asia who migrated into the Carpathian Basin in Central-Eastern Europe during the mid to late Migration Period (AD 568 - 895). Archaeological evaluation of grave goods and documentation of mortuary practices have been the primary means of understanding the Avar. However, this approach has largely neglected skeletal and biochemical analysis, in particular as these approaches relate to the biological variation, ancestry, and dietary patterns of the Avar.
There remains debate as to whether disparities existed among the socially stratified Avar population of ancient Hungary. It is argued by some that these disparities existed and were the result of differential access to nutritional resources. This hypothesis was tested using the unique properties of isotopes and their chemical signatures. In so doing, the qualitative work on the grave goods was augmented by an additional, quantifiable line of evidence.
To investigate social stratification among the Avar population, the techniques of chemical multi-isotope and osteological analysis were employed. Multi-isotopic analyses can be done on stable isotopes (carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) and on the heavy isotopes (strontium and lead). The particular stable isotopes examined were carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15 N), and oxygen (δ18O). The heavy isotopes analyzed were strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and lead (206Pb/204Pb). Stable isotope analysis as well as ratio analysis of the heavy isotopes strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and lead (206Pb/204Pb) are well-established analytical chemistry methods for examining diverse aspects of diet and mobility through specific geographic regions. The analysis was performed on samples derived from well-preserved tooth enamel and bones.
Reconstructing migration and dietary patterns at the Sajópetri cemetery site has helped estimate variability among social groups and between sexes in this population at the time of the Migration Period. Results of the heavy isotope analysis revealed that the Avar population were non-locals to the region, and the stable isotope analysis demonstrated that there was little variation between social groups with slightly higher variation between sexes. This research provides an empirical and analytical framework for further research into migration patterns and social class dynamics of late prehistoric Hungry. This study also adds existing research possibilities to the on-going biogeochemical studies conducted throughout Europe.