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Kuck, Jennifer M. "Differences in dietary patterns by breakfast consumption and weight status in US Adolescence." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211406587.
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Conn, Jennifer, and jennifer conn@deakin edu au. "Associations between growth and diet in adolescence." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.141236.
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There is much interest in the nature and quality of the diet consumed by adolescents. To determine whether there are significant associations between diet and gain in height and weight in this age group, the present study analysed data on food intake and weight and height obtained on three occasions over a 30-month period from a total of 326 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years. Information on sociodemographic and other lifestyle factors, including an indicator of physical activity, was also obtained.
Energy intake was found to be a significant positive predictor of both height and weight gain. In addition intake of fat, calcium and riboflavin were found to be significant positive predicators of height gain and intake of carbohydrate and starch significant positive predictors of weight gain. After controlling for energy intake only riboflavin approached significance as a positive predictor of height gain. A food group analysis identified intake of dairy foods as a significant predictor of height gain. Although statistically significant the dietary predictors explained only a small proportion of the variability in height and weight (≤3.5%).
Given the difficulties in obtaining complete dietary records from this age group and the generally adequate nature of the diet in the study group, the small proportion of height and weight gain explained by diet is not unexpected. Nevertheless the nutrient predictors identified are consistent with nutrient requirements for growth during adolescence and highlight the importance, for this age group, of an adequate intake of nutrients specifically provided by dairy foods.
Few significant associations were found between growth rates and the sociodemographic and the lifestyle factors measured in this study. The ethnic diversity of the study sample may have contributed to this outcome.
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Stear, Samantha Jane. "The influence of diet and exercise on bone mineral status during adolescence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625071.
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Hossack, Alison Elizabeth. "Tracking and change in diet and adiposity from early to late adolescence." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/915.
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Williams, Kelli J. "Cultural perceptions of a healthy diet and healthy weight among rural Appalachian youth." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155042766.
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MacKay, Jennifer Christine. "Long-term Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Consequences of Early Adversity (Juvenile Stressor Exposure), and the Buffering Effects of ‘Comfort’ Food." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34491.
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The adolescent period has been proposed to be exquisitely sensitive to the impacts of stress and juvenile stressor exposure is associated with anxiety- and depressive- like characteristics in adulthood. Among adult rats, access to a palatable diet has shown to mitigate the effects of stressors, a form of ‘self-medication.’ The present collection of studies sought to further characterize the long-term consequences of stressor exposure early in the juvenile period, as well as the use of palatable food as a coping strategy. The first study (Chapter 2) highlighted the importance of methodological rigor in the design of experiments employing social stressors. The second study (Chapter 3) provided further evidence that exposure to juvenile social defeat can have long-lasting consequences into adulthood, and access to a palatable diet may impart some resilience to initial stressor exposure. The third study (Chapter 4) demonstrated that access to a palatable diet can mitigate the long-term behavioral consequences of a 3-day sub chronic non-social stressor applied during juvenility in pair housed rats. The fourth study (Chapter 5) sought to replicate these findings in individually housed (purportedly more stressed) animals. Interestingly, access to a palatable diet was sufficient to protect against the neuroendocrine consequences of juvenile stress but did not mitigate the behavioral consequences, raising the question of an effectiveness “threshold” of self-medication via a palatable diet. The final study (Chapter 6) provided some preliminary evidence that exposure to juvenile stress amid access to a palatable diet has long-lasting changes on dopamine receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens, although the functional significance needs further characterization. Collectively, all studies provided further evidence that self-medication with a palatable diet comes at the price of poor metabolic outcomes. The results of this body of work provide further evidence that exposure to stress during juvenility can have protracted effects into adulthood, at the cost of poor metabolic outcomes. It also raises the suggestion of an effectiveness threshold of palatable food to cope with stress. Further understanding of the interplay between stress and diet may serve to inform the development of prevention based programs to mitigate the rising tide of concurrent childhood obesity and levels of perceived stress.
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Botteon, Geanine A. "Adolescent perceptions of their diet quality and body image comparison with parent perceptions /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 89 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456294601&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Adelantado-Renau, Mireia. "Healthy lifestyle factors and academic performance in secondary school students: DADOS study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667628.
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The main aim of this PhD Thesis was to investigate the associations between healthy lifestyle factors and academic performance in secondary school students. A total of 274 students (aged 13.9±0.3 years) from the DADOS (Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud) study were involved in the present PhD Thesis. The main findings reveal that academic performance in secondary school students is 1) positively associated with sleep quality; 2) positively associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet and daily meal frequency, and negatively associated with the risk of eating disorders; 3) negatively associated with tumor necrosis factor-α; 4) positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength; 5) not associated with physical activity levels, and negatively associated with screen media usage. Overall, the present PhD Thesis indicates a positive association between healthy lifestyle factors and academic performance in secondary school students.El objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral fue investigar las asociaciones entre los hábitos saludables y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria. Un total de 274 estudiantes (13.9±0.3 años), participantes del proyecto DADOS (Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud) fueron incluidos en esta Tesis Doctoral. Los hallazgos revelan que el rendimiento académico se asocia: 1) positivamente con la calidad del sueño; 2) positivamente con la adherencia a la dieta Mediterránea, y la frecuencia diaria de comidas, y negativamente con el riesgo de padecer trastornos de la alimentación; 3) negativamente con la concentración del factor de necrosis tumoral-α; 4) positivamente con la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria y la fuerza muscular; 5) negativamente con el tiempo empleado en actividades de pantalla, y no se asocia con los niveles de actividad física. La presente Tesis Doctoral indica una asociación positiva entre los hábitos saludables y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria.
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Burris, Mecca. "Food Insecurity and Age of Menarche: Using a Biocultural Approach and Life History Theory to Assess Risks of Food Insecurity among Girls in Tampa Bay, FL." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7130.
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Using life-history theory within a biocultural perspective, this research explores whether household food insecurity correlates with early or delayed menarche among adolescent females in Tampa Bay, Florida. Early onset of puberty and menstruation is connected with numerous health consequences including growth stunting, obesity, type-2 diabetes, adult-onset asthma, reproductive cancers, increased risk for depression, behavioral problems, and early sexual activity which increases the risk for STIs and ovarian cancer. Early menarche also seems to disproportionally impact disadvantaged and minority groups. While there are many known factors that influence age at menarche (e.g.: genetics, diet), little is understood regarding the effect of food insecurity on menstrual timing. When considering food insecurity as an environmental adversity, long-term exposure may result in biological trade-offs within growth and development.
Using a mixed-methods approach, 40 girls and 36 parents or guardians from Pinellas, Hillsborough, and Manatee counties participated in household dyadic interviews that included the assessment of household food security, girls’ dietary analysis, and anthropometry. Using quantitative analyses, the associations of diet, food security, and body size/composition to menarche were evaluated. A Cox hazards model and regression further analyzed the association of food insecurity and the timing of menarche.
The research concludes that adolescents and their families are vulnerable to food insecurity for both biological and social reasons. Qualitative results examine the prevalence, experiences, and perpetrators of food insecurity, as well as strategies used by families to mitigate food insecurity. Food insecurity in this study refers to the inconsistent or limited access to adequate amounts of safe and nutritious foods to sustain health and wellbeing. Food insecurity does not necessarily result in hunger. Once can have access to enough calories and not feel hungry but may still be food insecure if their access does not include enough high-quality, nutritious foods.
Quantitative analyses showed that iliac height, waist-hip ratio, snack consumption, and household food insecurity is associated with age at menarche among this sample. Spearman’s Rho confirms that height, leg length (p = 0.032, rs = 0.407), and snack consumption (p = 0.042, rs = 0.464) significantly positively correlate with age at menarche. Waist-hip ratio significantly negatively correlates with age at menarche (p = 0.032, rs = -0.518). Cox Hazard Regression analysis interprets that for every one unit increase in household food security survey score, the risk of experiencing menarche increases by 25% (p = 0.023, OR = 1.25). However, when adding leg length, waist-hip ratio, and snack consumption to the Cox Hazard Regression equation, no variables significantly predict menarche.
These findings provide a better understanding of the biocultural influences within the timing of menarche. The research provides new insights and further stresses the importance of improving food assistance programs for adolescents and families with older children.
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Pei, Zhengcun. "Longitudinal modeling of growth in children from birth to adolescence and the potential influence of diet." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-173714.
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Obesity is a major public health challenge. Modeling growth and identifying children at risk of being overweight in early life is essential for effective prevention and intervention. To date, longitudinal studies from birth to adolescent are rare, and crucial period in childhood for overweight in future life is unclear. In addition, apart from known risk factors of overweight or obesity, further research on other potential risk factors is necessary. Even though it is well accepted that obesity is mainly a consequence of an unbalanced energy status, the impact of specific food item or food group on growth has long been controversial, which calls for more efforts.
In order to contribute to the aforementioned questions and research problems, we conducted a series of studies using data from two ongoing German birth cohorts. 1) Using longitudinal anthropometric data from birth to 5 years, we established a 10-year-overweight prediction model. Our results suggest that from 5 years onwards being overweight become predictive for 10-year overweight. 2) We investigated the association between mode of delivery and childhood obesity using cross-sectional data at age 2, 6 and 10 years. Children delivered by cesarean section were more likely to be obese at 2 years compared to those delivered vaginally, but not at age 6 and 10 years. These results do not support the hypothesis that increasing rates of cesarean section contribute to the childhood obesity epidemic. 3) We analyzed data from food frequency questionnaires which were completed during the 10-year follow-up, where we grouped 82 food items into 11 food groups. Our results suggest that intakes of meat, fish and beverages are important correlates of body weight status. In contrast, confectionery intake conversely associated with being overweight. Further study on the influence of possible reverse causation is needed. 4) We investigated the association between maternal BMI and child food intake at the age of 10 years. Our results suggest that maternal BMI and maternal overweight are important correlates of a child’s intake of energy, meat and eggs. Potential impact of mother’s weight status should be considered in diet counseling. Moreover, mother’s participation in dietary counseling might be helpful to improve offspring diet pattern and weight status.
These studies contributed to the current knowledge on early identification of children at risk of overweight and the potential influence of diet. In addition, our results suggest more efforts on longitudinal studies and more attention on reverse causation and misreport in dietary assessments in future studies.
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Eriksson, Elin, and Alexandra Österlund. "Vad är en vegetarian? – En kvalitativ studie gällande ungdomars syn på vegetarianer och vegetarianism." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-79276.
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Det uppskattas att 15 % av utsläppen av växthusgaser kommer frånanimalieproduktion och ett effektivt sätt för att uppnå klimatmålen är att ändra och minska vårkonsumtion av kött- och mejeriprodukter. Den vegetariska kosten har blivit allt mer populärbland dagens ungdomar och många ungdomar väljer bort köttet, det finns dock fortfarande ettmotstånd bland en del ungdomar till att äta mer vegetariskt. Denna kvalitativa studie syftar tillatt undersöka ungdomars syn på vegetarianer och vegetarianism. Data samlades in genomsemistrukturerade intervjuer med tolv ungdomar. Materialet analyserades med induktivtematisk analys som genererade i fyra huvudteman Engagemang för djur och natur,Vegetarianismens två sidor, Normbrytande eller ej, Vegetarianer är feminina och enkärnkategori: I gränslandet. Studiens resultat visar att ungdomar har en mångfacetterad ochambivalent syn där både positiva och negativa aspekter gällande vegetarianer ochvegetarianism lyfts. Då tidigare forskning främst funnit att det finns en negativ syn påvegetarianer och vegetarianism och då resultatet av denna studie visar på en mångfacetteradoch ambivalent syn hos samtliga ungdomar, kan detta tyda på att synen på vegetarianer ochvegetarianism är i förändring. Denna studie bidrar till att öka kunskapen gällande synen påvegetarianer och vegetarianism.It is estimated that 15 % of greenhouse gas emissions come from animal productionand an effective way to achieve the climate goals is to change and reduce our consumption ofmeat and dairy products. The vegetarian diet has increased in popularity among adolescentsand many adolescents are opting out of the meat, however, there is still resistance amongsome adolescents to eat more vegetarian food. This qualitative study aims to investigateadolescents view of vegetarians and vegetarianism. Data was collected through semistructuredinterviews with twelve adolescents. The data was analyzed with inductive thematicanalysis which generated four main themes: Dedication To Animals and Nature, Two Sides ofVegetarianism, Norm-Breaking or Not, Vegetarians are Feminine and a core category: On theBorder Country. The results of the study indicate that adolescents have a multifaceted andambivalent view where both positive and negative aspects regarding vegetarians andvegetarianism are raised. As previous research has primarily found a negative view onvegetarians and vegetarianism and since the multifaceted and ambivalent view that waspresent in this study was found among all adolescents, this may indicate that the view onvegetarians and vegetarianism is changing. The present study helps to increase the knowledgeabout the view on vegetarians and vegetarianism.
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Coertze, Sara Louise. "An investigation into the perceptions of youths in early adolescence concerning the role a child’s body shape plays in bullying." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25635.
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Obesity has become a global pandemic that not only affects adults, but also children and adolescents. It has been found that obesity among children and adolescents has emotional, social, physical and psychological ramifications, one of which is bullying. Very little has been written on the effects obesity in early adolescence has on bullying behaviour in a South African context. For this reason the researcher deemed it necessary to study the perceptions of youths in early adolescence with regard to obesity and bullying. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 early adolescents from the Brooklyn policing precinct in the east of Pretoria. The data were assessed through content and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Thus the researcher tried to capture the essence of each individual interview. Several themes emerged from the data analysis, of which the most noteworthy were what youths in early adolescence perceive as bullying; the influence of bullying on behaviour; a general overview of perpetrators and victims of bullying; and the correlation between an early adolescent’s body shape and victimisation. The findings give insight into how obese young adolescents are perceived and treated by their peers. Furthermore, the findings elucidate what early adolescents perceive as bullying and possible reasons for such behaviour. By identifying the perceptions held by early adolescents, programmes can be implemented to address these stereotypes, thus decreasing the potential victimisation of overweight/obese youths in early adolescence.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Social Work and Criminology
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Baccetto, Raquel Lunardi. "Efeitos de um modelo de oferta e retirada de dieta de cafeteria sobre o comportamento alimentar e ansiedade em ratas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-24042017-112146/.
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A incidência global de obesidade tem aumentado nas últimas décadas e o consumo excessivo de alimentos industrializados ricos em açúcar e gordura está entre suas principais causas. Pesquisas recentes têm mostrado que estes alimentos desencadeiam mecanismos neurais e comportamentos semelhantes à adicção a drogas. Sabe-se que hábitos e preferências alimentares de adultos são adquiridos na infância, mas intervenções efetivas para prevenção da obesidade e suas comorbidades em crianças e adolescentes ainda constituem um desafio para a saúde pública. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do consumo de dieta de cafeteria e retirada desta no comportamento alimentar, peso corporal, perfil lipídico, regularidade do ciclo estral, e comportamento de ansiedade e motivação. Ratas Wistar tiveram acesso limitado a itens alimentares de consumo humano de alta densidade energética por quatro semanas, ao final das quais foi realizada a retirada da dieta experimental de duas maneiras: para um grupo total e brusca, e para outro gradual durante uma semana. Após essa retirada, que simula dietas humanas de restrição, as ratas foram submetidas a testes comportamentais para avaliar ansiedade (labirinto em cruz elevado), e motivação para restabelecimento do acesso à dieta de cafeteria (modelo de restabelecimento). O grupo submetido à dieta de cafeteria apresentou maior consumo de gorduras totais e saturadas (p<0,05), e menor consumo de proteínas totais e fibras (p<0,05). Apesar disso, o consumo energético diário entre os grupos não atingiu diferença estatisticamente significativa, assim como o peso corporal das ratas. Após retirada da dieta de cafeteria, o consumo energético foi reduzido significativamente, porém, não acompanhado de perda de peso. Houve diferença significativa no perfil lipídico, sendo que ratas do grupo Cafeteria Sem Retirada tiveram os maiores valores de colesterol total e colesterol LDL (p<0,05). As ratas que sofreram retirada da dieta de cafeteria tiveram seus valores de colesterol similares às alimentadas somente com ração. A retirada completa da dieta de cafeteria e consequente diminuição do consumo energético foi responsável por irregularidade no ciclo estral das ratas. Os resultados no labirinto em cruz elevado não atingiram diferença estatisticamente significativa. O grupo Ração passou mais tempo no lado claro (p<0,05), conforme mostrado pelo teste de restabelecimento. A oferta limitada, de curto prazo, pós-desmame da dieta de cafeteria foi efetiva no desenvolvimento de compulsão alimentar em ratas adolescentes, porém sem evidências de vício alimentar. É provável que a obesidade seja condição necessária para o vício. Esperamos que os resultados deste estudo contribuam para o conhecimento da relação entre qualidade da dieta e comportamento alimentar e de adicção em ratas adolescentes.The global incidence of obesity has steadily risen in the last decades and the excessive intake of industrialized food rich in sugar and fat is among its main causes. Recent researches have shown that these foods activate neural mechanism and behaviors similar to what is seen with drug addiction. It is known that adults eating habits and preferences are generally established during childhood, but effective preventive measures against obesity and its comorbities in children and adolescents are still a current public health challenge. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a cafeteria diet intake and withdrawal on eating behavior, body weight, lipid profile, estrous cycle regularity, and anxiety-like and motivational behavior. Female Wistar rats had limited access to energy-dense food items typically consumed by humans for four weeks, at the end of which, withdrawal from this diet occurred in one of two ways: for a group withdrawal was abrupt and total, and for another group, gradual for one week. After withdrawal, which attempts to mimic human restrictive dieting, we evaluated rats anxiety-like behavior through the elevated plus maze, and their motivation to reinstate access to the cafeteria diet through a reinstatement model. Daily energy intake between groups did not reach significant difference, as well as their body weight. Cafeteria fed rats did gain weight at a faster pace, and had a significant greater intake of total and saturated fat, and sodium (p<0.05); and a significantly lower intake of proteins and fibers (p<0.05). Groups that underwent withdrawal reduced their caloric intake significantly, but there was no weight loss. Rats with continuous access to cafeteria diet also had higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol (p<0.05), and rats from withdrawal groups had their cholesterol levels similar to chow-only animals. The total withdrawal of the cafeteria diet and resulting lower energy intake were also responsible for estrous cycle irregularities. There was no significant difference in rats performance in the EPM test. Chow only rats spent significantly more time in an aversive setting in order to gain access to an item from the cafeteria diet (p<0.05). The limited, short term, post-weaning offer of a cafeteria diet was effective in developing compulsive eating disorder, but without signs of food addiction. It is likely that obesity is precedent to the development of addiction. We expect that the results from this project contribute to the ongoing discussion and investigation on eating and addiction behavior in female adolescents rats.
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Giskes, Katrina. "Socioeconomic position, dietary intakes, perceptions of health and diet among Australian adolescents and adults." Queensland University of Technology, 2002. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15871/.
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In Australia, and other Western countries, there are marked socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from chronic, diet-related diseases. Research in these countries has shown that adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds experience greater morbidity and mortality from these conditions compared to their higher-status counterparts. In recent decades, much research has focused on factors that may contribute to these inequalities. Dietary intakes are thought to account for a large proportion of the socioeconomic variability in health, and there is some evidence suggesting that the psychosocial foundations laid down in adolescence are important influences on these dietary intakes.
In Australia, however, existing research examining socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes is limited. Most previous research has looked at dietary intakes in adulthood, and have not considered examining for socioeconomic differences in adolescence. Furthermore, not much is known about the health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents that may contribute to socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes. This study examined these issues by analysing for socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes among both adolescents and adults. It also investigated some health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds.
Data from a national cross-sectional survey, the 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey, were analysed to determine socioeconomic differences in food and nutrient intakes. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with adolescents to investigate their health and nutrition-related beliefs, attitudes and perceptions.
The results show that compared to adults, there is less socioeconomic inequality in food and nutrient intakes among adolescents. Intakes of some anti-oxidant vitamins and folate were directly related with socioeconomic position among adults. Adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to consume fruits or vegetables. They consumed a lower variety of fruits and vegetables and were less likely to choose fruits and vegetables high in vitamin A, folate and vitamin C. The results showed that these differences may be due to adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds being less likely to want to increase their fruit and vegetable intakes, and perceiving price and storage as barriers to doing so.
There were a small number of socioeconomic differences in adolescents' beliefs, attitudes and perceptions about nutrition and health that may contribute to dietary intake inequalities in adulthood. Adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were less likely to see health as being important for achieving goals, and identified nutrients and sleep as influencing their health less frequently. These adolescents also referred to dietary recommendations, nutrient intakes, dairy foods and avoiding school canteen foods less frequently when describing a healthy diet.
A number of recommendations about the design and targeting of nutrition-promotion campaigns and interventions are discussed, as well as future directions for research on socioeconomic differences in dietary intakes.
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Mantoanelli, Graziela. "Dieta habitual de adolescentes de uma escola estadual do município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-05072018-125023/.
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Introdução: O padrão alimentar, com alto teor de gordura, colesterol, açúcar refinado e o baixo teor de ácido graxos poliinsaturados e fibras presente na dieta dos adolescentes, é considerado o principal responsável pelo aumento da morbidade e mortalidade em adultos, pois resulta em aumento da prevalência de obesidade e conseqüentemente de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Objetivo: Avaliar a dieta habitual qualitativa e quantitativamente de adolescentes de ambos os sexos de uma Escola Estadual do Município de São Paulo - SP. Casuística e Métodos: Foram avaliados adolescentes de ambos os gêneros entre 14 e 18 anos e 11 meses de idade, em quatro momentos diferentes durante seis meses. Utilizou-se o Recordatório 24 horas para avaliar o consumo alimentar e os dados foram processados pelo software Virtual Nutri. As análises estatísticas (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, teste T Student bicaudal para amostras repetidas, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test e McNemar) foram realizadas pelo SPSS 11.0. Resultados: O consumo de gordura total foi superior a 30% em todos os dias de análise; o consumo de fibras obteve uma tendência de melhora nos dias úteis, assim como a gordura insaturada; o alimento com consumo mais freqüente foi o arroz e o consumo dos salgados (pão de queijo, coxinha, esfiha, etc.) aumentou durante os dias da semana. O café da manhã teve um declínio de consumo durante o feriado. Conclusões: O conhecimento do da dieta habitual dos adolescentes possibilita o planejamento de políticas públicas de saúde voltadas à nutrição, orientações dietéticas específicas ao grupo e possíveis intervenções.Introduction: High amounts of fat, cholesterol, refined sugar, and low amounts of fat acid and fibers present in the diets of adolescents is results in high rates of obesity, chronic non-communicable diseases, and death in adults. Objective: Evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the daily eating habits of adolescent males and females from a São Paulo city state school. Methods: Students between the ages of 14 years and 18 years 11 months old in four different times in a six month period were evaluated. The students logged their food intake over a 24 hour period and the data was processed by the Virtual Nutri software. The statistical analysis (Kolmogorov-Smirnow, T Student test for two repeated samples, Wilcoxon Signed Tank Test, and McNemar) was made by SPSS 11.0. Results: For every day of the test, fat accounted for more than 30% of the caloric intake. The fiber intake showed a tendency to improve on week days when compared with weekends, as did the intake of unsaturated fats. The food most frequently consumed was rice. Snacks were consumed mostly on the holiday, and during holidays the students frequently skipped breakfast. Conclusions: This study of the eating habits of adolescents can help shape the public policies of health, nutrition, and diet for specific groups and interventions.
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Vlahou, Christina-Helen. "Predictors of treatment adherence in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease the role of age, body satisfaction and prospective memory in medication and diet behavior. /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04062007-101316/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from title page. Lindsey L. Cohen, committee chair; Lisa Armistead, Erin B. McClure, Mary K. Morris, committee members. Electronic text (113 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 11, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-80).
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Pei, Zhengcun [Verfasser], and Heinz-Erich [Akademischer Betreuer] Wichmann. "Longitudinal modeling of growth in children from birth to adolescence and the potential influence of diet / Zhengcun Pei. Betreuer: Heinz-Erich Wichmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060005808/34.
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Pei, Zhengcun Verfasser], and Heinz Erich [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wichmann. "Longitudinal modeling of growth in children from birth to adolescence and the potential influence of diet / Zhengcun Pei. Betreuer: Heinz-Erich Wichmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-173714.
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Gautier, Yentl. "Impact d’un régime occidental déséquilibré, de l’obésité et d’une intervention de type bypass ou restriction calorique lors de périodes sensibles du développement sur les réponses neuro-comportementales de jeunes adultes chez le modèle miniporc Yucatan et l’homme." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B065/document.
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L’exposition au régime occidental (Western diet, WD) pendant les périodes critiques du développement est considérée comme un facteur majeur dans l’apparition de l’obésité, notamment morbide, dont le traitement de référence lorsque toutes les autres stratégies (e.g. régime) ont échoué reste la chirurgie bariatrique. Mais la lourdeur de la procédure, associée à certains risques et échecs, justifie le développement de thérapies alternatives. Pour cela, il est essentiel de bien connaître les phénotypes neurocognitifs régulant le comportement alimentaire. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier la dynamique neuro-comportementale hédonique et cognitive d’individus jeunes adultes ayant été exposés au WD soit pendant la période périnatale (projet SLK), soit à l’adolescence (projet HOS), à la fois sur le miniporc (SLK+HOS) et chez l’Homme (HOS). Pour le projet HOS, les tests ont été menés sur des individus normopondéraux (humain et porc), obèses (porc), puis après une perte de poids induite par une restriction calorique associée ou non à un bypass gastrique (porc). Nous avons utilisé des approches psycho-comportementales (tests, questionnaires) et de l’imagerie cérébrale (TEP, SPECT, IRMf). Chez le miniporc, l’exposition périnatale au WD confère un phénotype cérébral « obèse » et augmente la susceptibilité des descendants au stress, tandis que l’exposition à l’adolescence induit un phénotype cérébral évoquant les troubles addictifs tout en altérant la mémoire de travail. L’étude pilote humaine a permis d’identifier les aires cérébrales recrutées en situation de choix alimentaire posant un dilemme, en particulier le cortex cingulaire et le fusiforme-occipital. L’obésité provoque des attitudes anxio-dépressives associées au grignotage. La perte de poids rétablit un comportement normal et montre une régulation attentionnelle cérébrale en réponse au sucre. Une modulation neuronale par les hormones digestives et/ou le microbiote est fortement soupçonnée. Les analyses physiologiques, histologiques et métabolomiques programmées en perspective de ce travail de thèse devraient apporter des réponses précieuses pour comprendre comment l’axe microbiote-intestin-cerveau est impliqué dans ces modulations neurocognitives induites par le régime et les variations de poidsThe Western diet (WD) exposure during critical developmental periods is considered as a major factor in the development of obesity, notably morbid obesity, of which the reference treatment when all other strategies (e.g. diet) have failed remains the bariatric surgery. But the invasiveness of this procedure, associated with non-negligible risks and failures, justifies the development of alternative therapies. To this aim, it is essential to understand the brain phenotypes regulating eating behavior. The objective of this thesis was to study the hedonic and cognitive neuro-behavioral dynamics in young adults who had been exposed to WD either during the perinatal period (SLK project), during adolescence (HOS project), both in minipig (SLK + HOS) and humans (HOS). For the HOS project, tests were performed on normal-weight subjects (human and pig), obese subjects (pig), and then after weight loss induced by calorie restriction with or without a gastric bypass (pig). We used psycho-behavioral approaches (tests, questionnaires) and brain imaging (PET, SPECT, fMRI). In the minipig, perinatal exposure to WD induced an "obese" cerebral phenotype and increases offspring susceptibility to stress, whereas exposure in adolescents induces an addiction-type cerebral phenotype and alters working memory. The human pilot study allowed to identify brain areas recruited in a food-choice situation involving dilemma, particularly the cingulate cortex and fusiform-occipital. Obesity causes anxio-depressive symptoms associated with snacking. Weight loss restores normal behavior and induced attentional brain regulation in response to sugar. Neuronal modulation by digestive hormones and/or microbiota is strongly suspected. Additional physiological, histological, and metabolomic analyzes should provide valuable answers to understand how the microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in neurocognitive modulations induced by diet and weight variations
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Olchenski, Candida Marisa Betoni. "Análise da discursividade sobre a obsidade em adolescentes com cobrepeso ou obesas de uma escola na cidade de Campinas, sob a ótica dfa análise do discurso." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308566.
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Orientador: Carlos Roberto Silveira CorrêaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Constata-se que, nas últimas décadas, o peso médio da população, independentemente do gênero, idade, ou extrato social, tanto nos países desenvolvidos como nos que estão em desenvolvimento, vem aumentando progressivamente. A obesidade é considerada doença multifatorial pela OMS e tem um caráter epidêmico, portanto um problema de saúde pública. Muitos estudiosos vêm pesquisando o assunto na esperança de identificar formas eficazes de tratamento duradouro para a perda de peso. As abordagens mais utilizadas para o tratamento da obesidade são, entre outras, as prescrições de dieta, mudanças no estilo de vida, atividades físicas, terapia com fármacos ou psicológica. Estas intervenções, no entanto, não têm diminuído a curva de crescimento do número de obesos e das doenças desencadeadas pela obesidade, tornando-se um desafio para a saúde pública encontrar respostas para a dificuldade do obeso em aderir à dieta, perder peso e manter esta perda. De acordo com os órgãos de saúde pública, a obesidade é particularmente importante entre crianças e adolescentes porque eles têm grande chance de serem obesos na vida adulta. Além disso, o adolescente está construindo a sua auto-imagem e o corpo obeso pode ser fonte de uma inadequação social, com todo o sofrimento que advém desta percepção. Para compreender as dificuldades de adesão ao tratamento proposto pelo conhecimento biomédico, este trabalho analisou a discursividade de meninas adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesas, alunas de uma ONG situada em um bairro da zona norte da cidade de Campinas. Foram selecionadas 10 adolescentes interessadas em participar de um Grupo Focal que abordou o tema da obesidade e as formas de intervenção para a perda de peso propostas pelo modelo biomédico. Após a transcrição deste encontro, o material foi analisado de acordo com a Análise do Discurso (AD), teoria francesa de Michel Pêcheux e Eni Orlandi no Brasil. Entendemos que as condições históricas constroem práticas discursivas por meio das quais o obeso se significa no mundo e que conhecê-las ajudará a compreender a adolescente diante da dificuldade em perder peso. Como resultado, compreendemos que há por parte do discurso médico, uma sobredeterminação do corpo ao sujeito e a adolescente é determinada pela obesidade. No entanto, a jovem se recusa a ser significada nesta posição de obesa e doente, resistindo a este discurso e a esta determinação
Abstract: It is shown that on the last decades, the average weight of the population, apart from genre, age or social extract, in both developed countries and countries that are still developing, are progressively increasing. Obesity is considered a multi-factorial disease by WHO and has a epidemiological character, therefore, a public health problem. Many studies are researching the subject on the hope of identifying effective ways of a durable treatment for weight loss. The approaches more used obesity treatments are within others, diet prescriptions, changes on the life style, physical activities drug or psychological therapies. These interventions, however, have not decreased curve of growing obesity cases and of the diseases caused by obesity, becoming a challenge for public health finding answers for the difficulty of the obese to adhere a certain diet, losing weight and keeping this loss. According to the public health agencies, obesity is particularly important among children and teenagers because they have great chances of being obsess on their adult life. In addition to that, the adolescent is building a self image and the obese body can be a source of a social inadequacy, with all the suffering that comes from this perception. In order to comprehend the adhesion difficulties to the suggested treatment by the biomedical knowledge, this work has analyzed the discourse of teen girls that are overweight or obese, girls of an NGO situated in a northern neighborhood on the city of Campinas. There were selected 10 adolescents interested in participating of a Focal Group that approached the obesity theme and the ways of intervention for the weight loss suggested by the biomedical model. After the transcription of this meeting, the material has analyzed to the technique of Discourse Analysis (AD), French theory of Michel Pêcheux and Eni Orlandi in Brazil. We understand that the historical conditions build up discourse practices through which the obese gives a meaning to herself on the world and that getting to know these practices will help to comprehend the adolescent facing the difficulties of losing weight. As a result, we comprehend that there is by the medical discourse an over determination of the body to the subject and to the adolescent determined by the obesity. However the teenager refuses being signified on this position of obese and sick, resisting to this discourse and to his determination
Mestrado
Epidemiologia
Mestre em Saude Coletiva
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Silva, Fernanda Ribeiro Pinheiro da [UNIFESP]. "Efeitos do consumo de cafeína na avaliação subjetiva da qualidade do sono em adolescentes." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9417.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-29Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos do consumo de cafeina sobre a qualidade do sono em adolescentes e suas implicacoes sobre Sonolencia Diurna e ansiedade. Metodos: Estudo realizado com 34 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 12 e 18 anos, de uma escola privada do municipio de Sao Bernardo do Campo, SP (Brasil). Foram avaliados, por meio de questionarios, o consumo de cafeina (Frequencia Alimentar), a Qualidade do Sono (Indice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh ¡V PSQI), a Sonolencia Diurna (Escala de Sonolencia Epworth ¡V ESE) e os Niveis de Ansiedade (Inventario de Ansiedade Traco e Estado ¡V IDATE). Resultados: A amplitude da amostra de idade encontrada no sexo feminino foi de 12,4 a 18 anos e no masculino de 12,7 a 18,2 anos. A media de horas de sono durante a noite foi de oito horas (8 h). Observou-se associacao entre idade e horario de ir dormir. O grupo de idade (14,1„b1,5) que dorme entre 21 e 22 h e significativamente mais novo que o grupo (17,0„b0,7) que dorme depois das 00 h (meia-noite), p = 0,043. O refrigerante tipo cola foi a bebida-fonte de cafeina mais consumida. A Qualidade do Sono apresentou associacao com a frequencia de consumo de chocolate preto e uso de bebidas energeticas. Em relacao ao consumo de cafe e ansiedade observou-se que a medida que aumentam os Niveis de Ansiedade aumenta o volume de ingestao. Houve associacao com refrigerantes e ansiedade. Nao houve associacao entre o consumo de alimentos e bebidas cafeinadas para avaliar sono e ansiedade. O uso diario de cola se associou com o Alto Nivel de Ansiedade Traco (p = 0,037). Conclusoes: O aumento da frequencia de consumo de chocolate ao leite e meio amargo interfere na Qualidade do Sono. Nao ha associacao entre consumo de cafeina e Sonolencia Diurna. A medida que aumenta a ingestao de cafe e a frequencia do consumo de refrigerantes do tipo cola aumentam os Niveis de Ansiedade.
Purpose: Evaluate the effects of caffeine consumption on sleep quality in adolescents and its implications on daytime sleepiness and anxiety. Methods: A study was conducted with 34 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 and 18 years, of a private school in Sao Bernardo do Campo city, SP (Brazil). Questionnaires were used to assess the caffeine consumption (Food Frequency), the Sleep Quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ¡V PSQI), the Daytime Sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale ¡V ESS) and the Anxiety Levels (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ¡V STAI). Results: The age range of the sample was from 12.4 to 18 years in females and from 12.7 to 18.2 years in males. Average hours of sleep at night was eight hours (8 h). Relation between age and bedtime was observed. The group (14.1„b1.5) that sleeps between 21 and 22 h is significantly younger than the group (17.0„b0.7) that sleeps after 00 h (midnight), p = 0.043. The cola soft drink was the most consumed caffeine source-beverage. Sleep Quality was related to the frequency of dark chocolate consumption and energetic beverages use. In relation to coffee consumption and anxiety, it was observed that as the Anxiety Levels increase, the intake volume increases. There was relation between soft drinks and anxiety. There was no relation between caffeinated foods and beverages consumption to assess sleep and anxiety. The daily cola use was related to the High Level of Trait Anxiety (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The frequency increase of dark chocolate consumption interferes in Sleep Quality. There is no relation between caffeine consumption and Daytime Sleepiness. As coffee intake and the frequency of cola soft drinks consumption increase, the Anxiety Levels increase.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Maciel, Francine Villela. "Qualidade da dieta e estilo de vida de adolescentes de uma escola particular de Pelotas, RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2703.
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Sem bolsa
Mudanças no comportamento adotado durante a adolescência têm sido observadas nos últimos anos. Tais mudanças favoreceram o desenvolvimento de práticas alimentares inadequadas e geraram alterações no estado nutricional, caracterizadas pelo aumento excessivo de peso. Com isso, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade da dieta e fatores relacionados ao estilo de vida de adolescentes de uma escola particular de Pelotas, RS. Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo, com 525 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 14 a 19 anos. Dados sobre características antropométricas, comportamentais e consumo alimentar foram coletados. O consumo alimentar foi mensurado através de um recordatório de 24 horas e a qualidade da dieta avaliada através do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta - Revisado (IQD-R) e Índice de alimentação saudável modificado (IAS). Informações sobre comportamentos foram obtidas a partir de um questionário auto-preenchido pelo adolescente. Foi utilizado ANOVA para comparação de médias. A média do IQD-R foi 66,4 pontos, enquanto que do IAS modificado foi 65,5 pontos. Os adolescentes apresentaram baixas pontuações para os componentes leites e derivados, frutas e vegetais, indicando um consumo inadequado destes componentes na dieta. Adolescentes que não consumiam fast food e despendiam menos tempo ao dia em atividades sedentárias, como: assistir TV, jogar videogame e utilizar computador, apresentaram maiores escores, tanto para o IQD-R quanto para o IAS modificado (p< 0,05). A qualidade da dieta mostrou-se associada a outros comportamentos saudáveis. Com isso, ressalta-se a importância de uma abordagem mais ampla, a fim de modificar os padrões alimentares dos adolescentes, promovendo assim, melhor qualidade de vida e saúde nessa população.
Changes in behavior adopted during adolescence have been observed in recent years. These changes favored the development of feeding practices and generated changes in nutritional status, characterized by excessive weight gain. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diet quality and related factors to lifestyle of adolescents in a private school in Pelotas. Was realized a Cross-sectional study with 525 adolescents of both sexes aged 14-19 years. Data on anthropometric and behavioral characteristics and dietary intake were collected. Food consumption was measured with the 24-hour dietary recall and diet quality was assessed by the Diet Quality Index - Revised (DQI-R) and modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Information on behaviors were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire completed by the adolescent. F test or ANOVA was used to compare means. The average DQI-R was 66.4 points, while the modified HEI was 65.5 points. The adolescents had lower scores for milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables components, indicating an inadequate intake of these diet components. Adolescents who did not eat fast food and who spent less time per day in sedentary activities, such as watching TV, playing video games and using computers, had higher scores for both DQI-R and modified HEI (p <0.05).The diet quality was associated with other healthy behaviors. It emphasizes the importance of encouraging these behaviors in order to change the eating patterns of adolescents, thus promoting better quality of life and health in this population.
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Koglin, Gabriela. "Evolução de crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso após manejo com dieta ajustada por calorimetria indireta." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55163.
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Introdução: As mudanças ocorridas no estilo de vida nas últimas décadas têm levado a um aumento na prevalência de excesso de peso. Isso afeta tanto países desenvolvidos como aqueles em desenvolvimento e também todas as faixas etárias. Diversas intervenções para reverter essa situação vêm sendo testadas, porém, em crianças e adolescentes o melhor manejo para reverter esse quadro ainda não está completamente elucidado. Objetivo: Avaliar as mudanças ocorridas no escore-z do índice de massa corporal (zIMC), circunferência do braço (CB), prega cutânea tricipital (PCT) e subescapular (PCSE), circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), percentual de gordura corporal (GC), circunferência da cintura (CC) e exames bioquímicos em crianças e adolescentes após uma intervenção exclusivamente dietoterápica ajustada pela taxa metabólica basal (TMB) obtida através do exame de calorimetria indireta (CI). Procedimentos Metodológicos: Após randomização, os participantes alocados para essa pesquisa participaram de encontros mensais individuais com a nutricionista responsável pelo projeto, pelo período de 1 ano. Os participantes tinham entre 8 e 15 anos, todos com excesso de peso (zIMC≥+1). As medidas antropométricas e de GC foram avaliadas na inclusão, no 6° e no 12° mês, após cada criança ou adolescente ser submetido ao exame de CI. A GC foi medida através do equipamento de bioimpedância elétrica. A coleta de sangue para as análises bioquímicas foi realizada após a CI. Cada participante recebeu uma dieta ajustada pelo valor do exame de CI. Usamos ANOVA para medidas repetidas, e teste de Friedman e Cochran’s Q para avaliar os resultados. Para as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o PASW 18.0 para Windows e valores-P<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: Completaram as três avaliações 27 participantes, com média de idade de 12±2 anos, 51,9% do sexo feminino. A TMB não apresentou mudança significativa ao final do estudo (P=0,233), enquanto o zIMC reduziu -0,19±0,04 nos primeiros 6 meses e -0,17±0,05 (P=0,014) ao final do seguimento. A CB aumentou em 12 meses e a PCSE nos últimos 6 meses, permanecendo estável ao final da pesquisa. O percentual de GC reduziu inicialmente, mas nos últimos 6 meses apresentou aumento, ainda que mais da metade dos participantes tenha reduzido a GC em 12 meses. O colesterol total (CT) e a lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-c) reduziram nos primeiros 6 meses (-11,5±2,7;P=0,001/-8,1±2,5;P=0,011), mas essa redução não se manteve significativa ao final da intervenção. A maior parte das crianças e adolescentes reduziu os valores de triglicerídeos, LDL-c (88,9%) e CT (66,7%) ao final do estudo. Conclusões: O manejo dietoterápico da obesidade infanto-juvenil realizado por um nutricionista, com encontros mensais, é efetivo após 12 meses de intervenção e, especialmente em 6 meses.Background: The changes in lifestyle over the past decades have led to an increase in the prevalence of overweight. This affects both developed countries and developing ones as well as all age groups. Several interventions to reverse this situation have been tested, however, in children and adolescents the best management to reverse this situation is not yet fully elucidated. Objective: To evaluate the changes in the z-score of body mass index (zBMI), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold (TSF) and subscapular (SSF), arm muscle circumference (AMC), body fat percentage (BF), waist circumference (WC) and biochemical tests in children and adolescents after an intervention only dietotherapeutic adjusted for basal metabolic rate (BMR) was obtained through examination of indirect calorimetry (IC). Methodological Procedures: After randomization, participants allocated to this research participated in monthly and individual meetings with the nutritionist responsible for the project for a period of one year. Participants aged between 8 and 15 years, all overweight (≥ zBMI+1). Anthropometric measurements and BF were evaluated at inclusion in the 6th and 12th month after each child or adolescent be submitted to the examination of IC. The BF was measured by bioelectrical impedance equipment. Blood samples for biochemical analysis was performed after IC. Each participant received a diet adjusted by the value of IC exam. We used repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman and Cochran's Q test to evaluate the results. The statistical analysis was used PASW 18.0 for Windows and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Completed all three assessments 27 participants, mean age 12±2 years, 51.9% were female. The BMR showed no significant change at the end of the study (P=0.233), while the Zimc reduced -0.19 0.04 in the first 6 months and -0.17±0.05 (P=0.014) at the end of follow-up. The AC increased by 12 months and SSF in the last six months, remaining stable at the end of the study. The BF percentage was initially reduced, but in the last six months had increased, although more than half of the participants has reduced BF in 12 months. The total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) reduced in the first 6 months (-11.5±2.7;P=0.001/-8.1±2.5;P=0.011), but this significant reduction was not maintained to the end of the intervention. Most children and adolescents reduced the values of triglycerides, LDL-c (88.9%) and TC (66.7%) at the end of the study. Conclusions: The dietary management of obesity in children and adolescents conducted by a nutritionist, with monthly meetings, is effective after 12 months of intervention, and especially in six months.
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Garcia, López Camila María, and Velarde Claudia Alexandra Infantas. "Variación de la calidad de la dieta por región natural del Perú en adolescentes y adultos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651871.
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Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la dieta por región natural del Perú en adolescentes y adultos. Materiales y métodos: El presente es un análisis secundario de la base de datos del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1113 sujetos de diferentes regiones del país (Lima, resto de costa, sierra y selva). Para medir la calidad de la dieta se calculó el HEI (Índice de Alimentación Saludable), a través de la información del consumo de alimentos por recordatorio de consumo de 24 horas de dos días no consecutivos. El HEI se clasificó en no saludable (<60 puntos HEI), medianamente saludable (60-79 puntos) y saludable (> 80 puntos). Resultados: La media del puntaje HEI fue 71.0 (DE: 10,0), las mujeres tuvieron mayor puntaje que los hombres (72,2 (DE: 10,0) vs 69,5 (DE: 9,7); p<0.001, respectivamente). El consumo de lácteos obtuvo un mayor puntaje en la Sierra y menor en la Selva (6,76 (DE: 4,53) vs 2,86 (DE: 4,24); p<0.001, respectivamente). Asimismo, las carnes tuvieron mayor puntaje en la Costa y Selva y menor en la Sierra (4,76 (DE: 0,89), 4,76 (DE: 0,84) vs 4,24 (DE: 1,49); p<0.001, respectivamente). La regresión lineal ajustada mostró que la Sierra tiene mayor puntaje de HEI (coef: 1.89 EE: 0.75; p=0.012) y la selva el menor puntaje (coef: -5.31, EE: 1.01; p<0.001) en relación a Lima y Resto de costa. Conclusión: El lugar de residencia afecta el índice de calidad, siendo la Sierra la que presenta un mayor índice de alimentación saludable y la selva el menor en comparación a las otras regiones.Objective: To evaluate the diet quality in Peru by region in adolescents and adults. Materials and methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS) database. To measure diet quality, the HEI was calculated using information from a 24-hour food consumption reminder on two non-consecutive days. The HEI was classified as unhealthy (<60 HEI points), medium healthy (60-79 points) and healthy (>80 points). The sample was composed of 1113 subjects from four different regions of Peru: Lima Metropolitana, Costa, Sierra and Selva. A multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the effect of region, adolescents and adults. HEI score. Results: The mean HEI score was 71,0 (SD: 10,0), women scored higher than men (72,2 (10,0) vs 69,5 (9,7); p<0.001). Dairy products scored higher in the Sierra region and lower in the Selva region (6,76 (4,53) vs 2,86 (4,24); p<0. 001). Similarly, meats scored higher on the Costa region and the Jungle region and lower in the Sierra region (4,76 (0,89) vs. 4,76 (0,84) vs. 4,24 (1,49); p<0.001). The adjusted linear regression showed that the Sierra region has the highest HEI score (coef: 1.89, EE:0.75; p=0.012) and the Selva region the lowest score (coef: -5.31, EE:1.01; p<0.001). Conclusion: The region of residence affects the quality index, with the population of the Sierra having a higher index of healthy eating and the forest having the lowest score compared to the other regions. It is important to improve the quality of the population's diet across regions in Peru.
Tesis
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Brussee, Sandra Ellan. "Dietary Patterns of Mediterranean Adolescents." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BrusseeSE2005.pdf.
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Janthakhin, Yootana. "Impact de la consommation précoce d’un régime hyperlipidique obésogène sur différents systèmes de mémoire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0350/document.
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L‟obésité est principalement du à la surconsommation d‟aliments riches en énergie, en particulier les aliments hyperlipidiques (HL). En plus des comorbidités comme le diabète et les maladies cardiovasculaires, l‟obésité est associée à des troubles émotionnels et cognitifs. La prévalence de l‟obésité chez les enfants et les adolescents augmente sans cesse et ceci est inquiétant car ce sont des périodes cruciales pour la maturation de structures cérébrales comme l‟hippocampe et l‟amygdale, indispensables à la mise en place des processus cognitifs et émotionnels pour le restant de la vie. Il est donc déterminant d‟évaluer l‟impact de la consommation d‟un régime HL obésogène durant ces périodes développementales sur les processus cognitifs et émotionnels. Dans une première étude nous mettons en évidence chez le rat que l‟exposition à un régime HL durant la période périnatale (gestation et lactation) entraine l‟atrophie dendritique des neurones pyramidaux du CA1 de l‟hippocampe et de l‟amygdale basolatérale (BLA) des descendants adultes. Ces résultats sur l‟hippocampe enrichissent les données comportementales déjà existantes indiquant des altérations de la mémoire dépendante de l‟hippocampe suite au régime HL périnatal. Nous montrons également que les changements morphologiques du BLA s‟accompagnent d‟un déficit spécifique de la mémoire aversive olfactive, qui dépend fortement de l‟intégrité du BLA. Ceci démontre pour la première fois les effets délétères, cellulaires et comportementaux, d’un régime HL périnatal sur les fonctions amygdaliennes. La seconde étude se focalise sur les perturbations de la mémoire induites par la consommation d‟un régime HL pendant l‟adolescence et vise à approfondir la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que la consommation d‟un régime HL du sevrage à l‟âge adulte (couvrant l‟adolescence) chez la souris perturbe la consolidation de la mémoire de reconnaissance d‟objet (MRO) lorsque le contexte est nouveau lors de l‟apprentissage. Ceci s‟accompagne d‟une libération plus importante de glucocorticoïdes au niveau circulant et d‟endocannabinoides (eCB, anandamide en particulier) au niveau hippocampique chez les souris HL. Le blocage des récepteurs aux glucocorticoïdes (GR) ou des récepteurs aux cannabinoïdes de type 1 (CB1R) juste après l‟apprentissage améliore la MRO à long-terme des souris HL. Ces traitements normalisent également la sur-activation c-Fos de l‟hippocampe suite à l‟apprentissage chez les souris HL soulignant l‟importance de cette structure. En effet, la délétion spécifique des CB1R hippocampique améliore fortement la MRO à long-terme des souris HL et nous mettons en évidence que la plasticité synaptique in vivo de la voie CA3-CA1 hippocampique représente un mécanisme perturbé par l‟activation des CB1R suite à l‟apprentissage chez ces souris. Enfin l‟inactivation des neurones glutamatergique hippocampique par une approche pharmacogénétique (DREADD-Gi) améliore la MRO à long-terme chez les souris HL, de façon similaire au blocage ou à la délétion des CB1R suggérant une levée d‟inhibition de ces neurones par l‟activation des CB1R chez les souris HL qui conduirait à leur déficit de MRO à long-terme. Nos résultats indiquent que la consommation d’un régime HL pendant l’adolescence modifie le système eCB de l’hippocampe conduisant à des perturbations de la plasticité synaptique et de la consolidation de la mémoire. Dans leur ensemble ces données permettent d‟améliorer notre compréhension des effets délétères de l‟exposition précoces aux régimes HL obésogènes sur les fonctions mnésiquesClinical and experimental studies have established that obesity, resulting mainly from consumption of energy-dense food such as high-fat diet (HFD), is associated with adverse cognitive and emotional outcomes. The prevalence of obesity during childhood and adolescence has reached epidemic levels. This is particularly worrisome since these periods are crucial for hippocampal and amygdala maturation, two brain structures necessary for shaping memory and emotional functions. It is thus critical to determine the impact of HFD exposure during these early developmental periods on memory and emotional processes. First, we show that perinatal HFD exposure (throughout gestation and lactation), leads to dendritic shrinkage of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 of the hippocampus but also in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in adult rats. These results add to the growing literature indicating changes in hippocampal-dependent memory after perinatal HFD exposure. Regarding amygdala, perinatal HFD exposure specifically impairs odor aversion memory, a task highly dependent on BLA function, without affecting olfactory or malaise processing. These results are the first to show that perinatal HFD exposure impairs amygdala functions, at cellular and behavioral levels. Next, we investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying memory impairment induced by adolescent HFD consumption. We first show that HFD consumption from weaning to adulthood (covering adolescence) impairs long-term, but not short-term, object recognition memory (ORM) in novel context condition which was associated with higher circulating corticosterone and enhanced hippocampal endocannabinoid levels (anandamide in particular) in HFD-fed mice. Systemic post-training blockade of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) or cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) prevented HFD-induced memory deficits. These treatments also normalized training-induced c-Fos over-activation specifically in hippocampus in HFD group stressing the importance of this structure. Indeed, hippocampal CB1R deletion improved memory in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, we identified changes of in vivo hippocampal synaptic plasticity after training as a potential mechanism impaired by HFD in a CB1R-dependent manner. Finally, chemogenetic inhibition of hippocampal glutamatergic cells improved memory in HFD group similarly to CB1R deletion or blockade suggesting CB1R-dependent disinhibition of these neurons in HFD-fed mice. These results indicate that high-fat diet consumption during adolescence alters the hippocampal eCB system leading to impairment of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and deficit in recognition memory consolidation. Taken together, our results provide new evidences of how HFD consumption during early developmental periods exerts its deleterious effects on cognitive functions and identify the endocannabinoid system as a potential target for treating cognitive impairment associated with obesity
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Aguiar, Yêska Paola Costa. "Prevalência de erosão dentária em adolescentes da rede pública de ensino de Campina Grande - PB." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2277.
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Introduction: Dental erosion is a condition resulting from the irreversible dissolution of mineralized portion of the teeth, being recognized in modern society, as an important cause of loss of tooth structure. In this sense, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and association with sociodemographic and dietary habits in adolescents 15-19 years in the city of Campina Grande - PB, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a stratified sample of 675 school adolescents 15-19 years of both sexes, using the index proposed by O'Sullivan, modified for use in maxillary incisors and first molars. Clinical data were evaluated by two calibrated dentists (Kappa intra-and inter = 0.74 and 0.82.) For data analysis we used the SPSS ® (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was held descriptive statistics (absolute distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and analytical (Chi-square). The significance level was 5%. Results: The prevalence of dental erosion was 21%, and the upper central incisors (50.5%) and the upper lateral incisors (40.2%), the elements most affected. The buccal showed greater impairment (51.4%) and 67.8% of teeth with dental erosion had more than half the surface of the affected area. Most lesions restricted to the enamel (93.5%) and showing a symmetrical distribution. There were no statistically significant differences between the occurrence of dental erosion with gender, age, socioeconomic status, self-reported race and diet (p> .05). Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental erosion in its early stages was observed among adolescents, mainly affecting the labial surface of the upper anterior elements, and that was not statistically associated with sociodemographic and dietary habits.
Introdução: A erosão dentária é uma patologia decorrente da dissolução irreversível da porção mineralizada dos dentes, sendo reconhecida na sociedade moderna, como uma importante causa da perda de estrutura dentária. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a sua prevalência e associação com aspectos sociodemográficos e hábitos alimentares em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos, na cidade de Campina Grande – PB, Brasil. Metodologia: Um estudo transversal foi conduzido numa amostra estratificada de 675 adolescentes escolares de 15 a 19 anos de ambos os gêneros, utilizando o índice proposto por O´Sullivan, modificado para uso nos incisivos maxilares e primeiros molares. Os dados clínicos foram avaliados por dois cirurgiões-dentistas calibrados (Kappa intra e interexaminadores= 0,74 e 0,82). Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o ® SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), realizou-se a estatística descritiva (distribuições absolutas, percentuais, média e desvio padrão) e analítica (Qui-quadrado). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de erosão dentária foi de 21%, sendo os incisivos centrais superiores (50,5%) e os incisivos laterais superiores (40,2%), os elementos mais afetados. A face vestibular apresentou maior comprometimento (51,4%) e 67,8% dos dentes com erosão dentária possuíam mais da metade da superfície da área afetada. A maioria das lesões se restringiu ao esmalte dentário (93,5%) e demonstrou distribuição simétrica. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a ocorrência de erosão dentária com o gênero, idade, condições socioeconômicas, raça autodeclarada e hábitos alimentares (p>0,05). Conclusão: Uma alta prevalência de erosão dentária em seus estágios iniciais foi observada entre os adolescentes, afetando preferencialmente a superfície vestibular dos elementos anteriores superiores, e que não foi estatisticamente associada a aspectos sociodemográficos e hábitos alimentares.
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Voci, Silvia Maria. "Estudo de calibração do questionário de frequência alimentar para adolescentes - QFAA a ser utilizado em um estudo de coorte de escolares de Piracicaba, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-21122006-100309/.
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Introdução - A maior limitação para avaliar a dieta habitual é dada pelo erro de medida. Para minimizar os seus efeitos, tem-se proposto metodologias de calibração para correção dos dados e medidas associativas, consistindo na determinação de uma relação entre duas escalas de medida, utilizando-se regressão linear. Objetivo - Calibrar os dados obtidos por Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar para Adolescentes (QFAA), a partir do fator de calibração obtido por regressão linear. Metodologia - A amostra foi constituída por 74 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, alunos de uma escola pública de Piracicaba, com idade entre 10 e 14 anos. Foram excluídos indivíduos com idade superior ou igual a 14 anos ou com dados de consumo de energia não plausíveis. Obtiveram-se informações sobre dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos, demográficos e de maturação sexual. O consumo alimentar foi levantado por meio de Questionário de Freqüência Alimentar para Adolescentes e dois Recordatórios de 24 horas. Os dados de consumo de ambos os instrumentos foram ajustados pela energia, sendo que apenas os dados do recordatório foram ajustados pela variabilidade intrapessoal. Realizaram-se análises descritivas e de tendência central, one way ANOVA, coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear. A média dos dois recordatórios foi utilizada como referência para a calibração dos dados. Resultados - De 74 indivíduos, 71,6% eram do sexo feminino. As médias das variáveis dietéticas foram muito semelhantes para o questionário calibrado e média dos recordatórios, com redução dos valores de desvio-padrão. Os coeficientes de calibração da regressão linear variaram de -0,05 (ferro) a 0,28 (vitamina C). Conclusão Pelos resultados encontrados, a metodologia utilizada para a calibração dos dados dietéticos foi capaz de reduzir o erro de mensuração e, mesmo não o eliminando por completo, é uma abordagem que pode ser utilizada para obter estimativas menos enviesadas.Background - A major limitation in usual diet assessment is the measurement error. Calibration approaches have been proposed to minimize its effects and to correct risk estimates. Calibration could be defined as a method which determines a relation between rank orders of two instruments by linear regression. Objective to apply a calibration strategy in nutrient intake datas obtained by Adolescents Food Frequency Questionnaire (AFFQ), by using a calibration factor obtained by linear regression. Methodology 74 boys and girls (10 to 14 years old) enrolled at a public school of Piracicaba were assessed. Values of energy intake higher than 6000Kcal and adolescents older than 14 years were excluded. Demographic and anthropometric data, sexual maturation and dietary intake (assessed by food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall) were examined. Dietary data intakes were adjusted by energy and, only 24-hour recall data were adjusted by within-person variance. Descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression were performed. Results - 71,6% were girls. The calibrated values were similar to the reference data, with a reduction of standard deviation values. Linear regression coefficients (λ) ranged from -0,05 (iron) to 0,28 (vitamin C). Conclusion The methodology used to calibrate dietary data was capable to reduce measurement error. Although it was not able to eliminate error completely, it is an approach that can be used to obtain less unbiased estimates.
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Pereira, Sara Isabel Gomes. "Dieta cetogénica e epilepsia refratária em crianças e adolescentes." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7567.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoObjetivo: Realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a eficácia da dieta cetogénica em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia refratária. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura recorrendo à base de dados Pubmed®. Apenas foram selecionadas publicações referentes aos últimos 5 anos no idioma inglês, espanhol ou português e que incluíam estudos apenas realizados em humanos, nomeadamente crianças desde o nascimento até aos 18 anos. Foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chave: “epilepsy AND diet”, “epilepsy AND dietary therapy”, “epilepsy AND ketogenic diet”, “epilepsy AND nutrition" e por último “epilepsy AND nutrition care”. Resultados: A Dieta Cetogénica é uma terapia não farmacológica usada no tratamento da epilepsia, no entanto esta não é considerada a primeira abordagem terapêutica. Existem diferentes variantes da Dieta Cetogénica, que combinam os três macronutrientes de diferentes formas. As dietas menos restritivas em hidratos de carbono e com menor percentagem de gordura são melhores toleradas, mas todas são eficazes. Tem sido descrito que a Dieta Cetogénica pode ter uma redução na frequência de crises > 50%, >90% ou mesmo 100%, considerando assim que o doente está livre de crises. A administração da Dieta Cetogénica quando corretamente aplicada, pode ainda levar a redução ou até mesmo à descontinuação dos fármacos antiepiléticos. Conclusão: A DC é um tratamento a ter em conta como terapia adjuvante para a epilepsia. Este tratamento é eficaz e seguro, no entanto possui alguns efeitos secundários. Quanto à tolerabilidade da dieta, existem variantes da DC que são mais bem aceites do que outras.
Objective: Make a review of the literature about efficacy of ketogenic diet in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy. Methodology: Was performed an literature review using the Pubmed database, only only publications referring to the last 5 years in the English, Spanish or Portuguese language were included and included studies only performed in humans, namely children from birth to 18 years of age. The following keywords were used: "epilepsy AND diet", "epilepsy AND dietary therapy", "epilepsy AND ketogenic diet", "epilepsy AND nutrition" and lastly "epilepsy AND nutrition care". Results: The Ketogenic Diet is a non-pharmacological therapy used in the treatment for epilepsy, however it is not considered a first therapeutic approach. There are different versions of the Ketogenic Diet, which combine the three macronutrients of different ways. The less restrictive carbohydrates and lower fat percentage diets are better tolerated, but all are efficient. It has been described as a Ketogenic Diet may have a reduction in the frequency of seizures > 50%, > 90% or even 100%, considering the patient seizure freedom. Administration of Ketogenic Diet when properly applied may further lead to a reduction or even discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs. Conclusions: Ketogenic Diet is a treatment to be considered as adjunctive therapy for epilepsy. This treatment is effective and safe, however, some side effects. As for the tolerability of the diet, there are Ketogenic Diet variants that are better accepted than others.
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Correia, Juliana Souza Closs. "Avaliação da relação entre obesidade, cárie e doença periodontal em adolescentes." Universidade de Taubaté, 2008. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=479.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar parâmetros nutricionais com presença de cárie e condição clínica periodontal entre grupos de adolescentes com e sem obesidade atendidos nas Clínicas de Nutrição e Odontologia da Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho- RO. O estudo foi transversal, do tipo caso- controle. Foram incluídos indivíduos entre dez e 19 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, previamente avaliados quanto ao estado nutricional (Índice de massa corporal IMC de peso para estatura, soma das dobras cutâneas triciptal e subescapular e inquérito de freqüência alimentar), foram alocados nos seguintes grupos: eutróficos (entre percentil 15 e 85 para IMC) e obeso (acima do percentil 85 para IMC e dobras cutâneas), sendo 18 indivíduos em cada grupo. Foram determinados o CPO-D, os índices de controle de placa e de sangramento gengival bem como valores de profundidade de sondagem e nível clínico de inserção em toda a boca. Os resultados apresentaram que a obesidade não foi fator diferencial com relação ao índice CPO-D, e que quanto maior o índice CPO-D, menor foi a ingestão de vegetais e maior o consumo de doces. A obesidade também não foi diferencial na ocorrência de periodontite e não houve relação entre a ocorrência de periodontite e os valores dos ICP e ISG. Já o padrão de ingestão alimentar entre os adolescentes positivos e negativos para periodontite demonstra que os grupos têm ingestão semelhante de proteínas e carboidratos complexos, porém em relação à ingestão de vegetais e doces (carboidratos simples), ocorre variação importante. O grupo positivo para periodontite faz ingestão bem menor de vegetais e maior de doces do que o grupo negativo para a periodontia. Conclui-se que não houve relação entre obesidade e doença periodontal, assim com não houve relação do ICP e ISG com a periodontite, que a doença periodontal foi mais presente em jovens com idade a partir de 15 anos; houve uma relação dignificante entre a baixa ingestão de vegetais e alta ingestão de doces (carboidratos simples) tanto com a o quadro clínico de periodontite, como para um alto índice CPO-D e que A orientação nutricional para uma alimentação saudável, medidas de higiene oral adequadas podem prevenir o aparecimento ou o agravamento das doenças bucais.This search had as an objective to compare nutritionals parameters with caries presence and periodental clinicals condition among teens groups and without obesity taken care in the Nutritions Clinics and Dentistry at São Lucass college in Porto Velho-Ro. The study was transversal, which means that each case has been controlled. They had been put individuals between ten to 19 years old in both kind, previously evaluated how much to the nutritional state (IMC of weight for each stature, the add of the cutaneous triciptal and to subscapular and alimentary frequencys inquiry), they had been placed in the following groups: eutróficos (between percentile 15 to 85 for IMC) and obese (above of percentile 85 for IMC and cutaneous folds), being 18 individuals in each group. The CPO-D, the indices of teeths matters and gingival bleed as well as values of depth of sounding and clinical level of insertion in all the mouth. The results had presented that the obesity was not the main differential related to index CPO-D, and that the bigger the CPO-D, less was the ingestion of vegetable ingestion and the biggest absorption of candy. The obesity also was not the main differential in the periodontitis occurrence and it did not have relation to the occurrence of periodontitis and the values of ICP and ISG. But the standard of alimentary ingestion between the positive and negative adolescents for periodontite demonstrates that the groups have similar protein ingestion and complex carbohydrate, however in relation to the ingestion of vegetables and candies (simple carbohydrate), it occurs important variation. The positive group for periodontitis ingest less vegetable and much candies than the other group, the negative one.Which can be concluded that it did not have relation between obesity and periodontal illness, also did not have relation of ICP and ISG with the periodontitis, and the periodontal illness was more present in teens from15 years old; it had a significant related to a low vegetable ingestion and a high candy ingestion (simple carbohydrate) in such a clinical chart of periodontitis, as for one high index CPO-D and that the nutritional orientation for a healthful feeding, and verbal hygiene can prevent the appearance or the aggravation of the buccal illnesses.
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Ratto, Maria Teresa Queiroz Ferreira. "Estudo sobre a associação entre disfunção de articulação temporomandibular, consistência da dieta e hábitos alimentares em jovens." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310106.
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Orientador: José Martins FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Estudo sobre a influência da consistência da dieta e hábitos alimentares em jovens portadores da síndrome da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), com o objetivo de verificar se a disfunção temporomandibular tem correlação com a consistência da dieta desses indivíduos. Foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre jovens atendidos no ambulatório do Hospital da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso Controle, comparando indivíduos jovens de 9 a 25 anos, com e sem diagnóstico de Disfunção Temporomandibular. Foi utilizado um questionário e recordatório alimentar, verificando a relação entre consistência da alimentação e sua influência na DTM. O grupo controle (sem dor) foi formado por 47 indivíduos (49%) e o grupo de estudo por 49 indivíduos (51%), totalizando 96 indivíduos. Quanto à consistência dos alimentos consumidos em 3 dias, conforme relato no recordatório alimentar, 52 deles (54,2%) comeram alimentos mais consistentes. Destes, 23 apresentaram dor de DTM (44,2%), enquanto 29 não apresentaram a mesma dor (55,8%). Foram 44 (45,8%) os indivíduos que se alimentaram com menor consistência, dos quais 26 (59,1%) apresentaram dor e 18 deles (40,9%) não apresentaram dor. A maioria dos integrantes da amostra utiliza alimentos mais consistentes para sua alimentação. A maior parte dos indivíduos com dor prefere alimentos menos consistentes. Existe associação entre DTM e os hábitos alimentares, porem este dado não é estatisticamente significante
Abstract: This study is on the influence of the consistency of diet and eating habits in young patients with the syndrome of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), in order to ascertain whether the TMD is correlated with the consistency of the diet of these individuals. We conducted a comparative study between young people treated at the Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Paulo. This is a Control Case- Study, comparing young people who are 9-25 years old with and without a diagnosis of TMD. We used a questionnaire and a food record report, checking the relationship between the consistency of food choice and its influence on TMD. The control group (patients with no pain) was formed by 47 individuals (49%) and the study group was made of 49 individuals (51%), adding up to 96 individuals. As far as the consistency of foods eaten in three days, as reported in the dietary recall, 52 of them (54.2%) ate more consistent food. Out of these, 23 had pain of TMD (44.2%), while 29 did not have the same pain (55.8%). There were 44 (45.8%) individuals who were fed with less consistency food, of which 26 (59.1%) had pain and 18 of them (40.9%) had no pain. Most members of the sample prefer more consistent food in their diet. Most people who have pain prefer less consistent foods. There is a relationship between TMD and eating habits, but this figure is not statistically significant
Doutorado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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Araújo, Márcia Matsumura de. "Perfil alimentar e avaliação do conhecimento nutricional de jogadoras de esportes coletivos." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2214.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-13This study aimed to evaluate the food consumed by female players of team sports in high school, to assess the diet quality index and the nutrition knowledge of these players. The dietary intake was assessed through food records from 4 days, the Diet Quality Index and nutrition knowledge through a validated questionnaire. The group had a mean age of 16.8 years (± 1.5). The inadequacies of the diet found were: Low average energy consumption (1621,9Kcal); Inadequacie of carbohydrate (90.9%), proteins (81.8%) and lipids (50%). There were also found inadequacies for vitamins A (63.6%) and C (59.1%). The inadequacie minerals were: calcium (59.1%), phosphate (95.5%), zinc (77.3%) and electrolytes as sodium (100%) and potassium (100%). In addition, inadequate intake of fiber was found in 100% of the sample. As for the Diet Quality Index, 72.7% require modification of their diets and nutrition knowledge was moderate (72.5%). The analysis of food intake showed that players consume an inadequate diet for their health and physical performance and the Diet Quality Index, together with the assessment of nutrition knowledge show that athletes have moderate knowledge about nutrition but need changes in their diets, suggesting the need for nutritional intervention in this group.
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a alimentação consumida por jogadoras que praticam esportes coletivos em escola de ensino médio, bem como avaliar o índice de qualidade da dietae mensurar o conhecimento nutricional.. Avaliou-se a ingestão dietética por meio de registro alimentar de 4 dias, o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta e conhecimento nutricional utilizando-se questionário validado. As atletas apresentaram idade média de 16,8 anos (±1,5). As inadequações encontradas na dieta foram: baixo consumo médio de energia (1621,9Kcal), inadequação do consumo de carboidratos (90,9%), proteínas (81,8%) e de lipídeos (50%), também foram encontradas inadequações de ingestão das vitaminas A (63,6%) e C (59,1%), dos minerais cálcio (59,1%), fósforo (95,5%), zinco (77,3%) e dos eletrólitos sódio (100%) e potássio (100%). Tamém se verificou inadequação do consumo de fibras em 100% da amostra. Quanto ao Índice de Qualidade da Dieta, 72,7% necessitam de modificações da dieta e o conhecimento nutricional foi moderado (72,5%). A análise da ingestão alimentar mostrou que as jogadoras consomem uma alimentação inadequada para o seu desempenho físico e saúde e o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta, juntamente com a avaliação do conhecimento nutricional demonstram que as mesmas possuem conhecimento moderado sobre nutrição mas que necessitam de alterações nas suas dietas, sugerindo a necessidade de intervenção nutricional para esse grupo.
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Freire, Simone Cardoso. "Estado nutricional relativo ao zinco de adolescentes obesas antes e após intervenção dietética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-01122017-150056/.
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A literatura registra que a distribuição do zinco no organismo é diferente entre indivíduos obesos e indivíduos eutróficos. Com o objetivo de avaliar se a orientação nutricional para diminuição de peso teria influência nessa distribuição, foi estudado um grupo de 15 adolescentes do sexo feminino entre 14 a 18 anos, apresentando Percentil de índice de Massa Corpórea (PIMC) >85, atendidas no Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao Adolescente (CAAA) da Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina. A orientação dietética foi realizada com ênfase em uma dieta normocalórica utilizando a pirâmide dos alimentos. Os itens do consumo alimentar que resultaram em diferença significativa em p<0.05 foram: proteínas, frutas, carnes e ovos e leite e derivados. Os parâmetros bioquímicos analisados para avaliar o estado nutricional relativo ao zinco foram: plasma, eritrócitos, sedimento salivar e urina de 24 horas. Como suporte para esses dados foram avaliadas também a insulina sérica, superóxido-dismutase intraeritrocitária (SOD) e a creatinina urinária. As variáveis bioquímicas que apresentaram significância de p<0.05 foram o zinco e a SOD intraeritrocitarios, assim como estas também tiveram correlação com p<0.05. Os resultados indicam que a mudança no padrão alimentar durante 4 meses foi efetiva para aumentar significantemente o zinco intraeritrocitário.There are significant differences on the zinc distribution between obese and non-obese individuals. A fifteen female adolescents group, with a PIMC >85th, has been studied in order to evaluate the influence on the zinc distribution of a nutritional orientation for weight loss. Normochaloric diet based on the food pyramid was introduced. The items that presented more significant difference on p<0,05 were proteins, fruits, meat and eggs, and milk and milk products. Zinc biochemical parameters assessment were plasma, erythrocytes, salivary sediment and 24 hours urine, SOD and urinary creatinine. Results show that changes on alimentary pattern during 4 months is significantly effective for increasing intraerythrocytic zinc.
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Rooney, Melissa A. "Cross-sectional analysis of dietary energy density and dietary quality in teens and adolescents." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416232159.
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Patterson, Emma. "Dietary intakes of Swedish children and adolescents." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-837-2/.
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Previdelli, Ágatha Nogueira. "Padrões da dieta de adolescentes do município de São Paulo e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-02042013-092319/.
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Introdução: Padrões alimentares estabelecidos na adolescência têm sido associados a fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas, tais como diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares e câncer. Objetivo: Avaliar os padrões da dieta de adolescentes e seus fatores associados. Metodologia: Utilizaram-se dados de adolescentes provenientes do estudo de base populacional do município de São Paulo. Foram utilizadas duas abordagens distintas na identificação dos padrões da dieta: o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R) e a análise fatorial. Para estimar a ingestão usual, foram coletados de um a cinco Recordatório de 24 horas (R24h), sendo o primeiro obtido no domicílio, juntamente com o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA), e os demais por telefone. Na primeira abordagem, o método proposto pelo National Cancer Institute estimou a distribuição da pontuação dos componentes do IQD-R, com base na ingestão usual e nas características da população. Na identificação dos padrões da dieta pela análise fatorial, primeiramente estimou-se o consumo usual pelo Multiple Source Method. Neste, além dos R24h, foram utilizadas informações complementares dos QFA, melhorando o modelo de probabilidade e consumo. Posteriormente à análise fatorial, modelos de regressão multivariada identificaram os fatores associados aos padrões da dieta. Resultados: A pontuação média do IQD-R (47,1), ajustada por sexo e escolaridade do chefe da família, foi semelhante entre homens (46,3) e mulheres (48,0). Observou-se um baixo consumo de Cereais integrais (0,3), Vegetais totais (1,0), Frutas totais (1,3) e inteiras (0,4); e um elevado consumo de Sódio (2,2), Gordura saturada (5,8) e GordAA (4,5), que representa as calorias provenientes de gordura sólida, álcool e açúcar de adição. Na análise fatorial, os dois padrões dietéticos retidos explicaram 17,1 por cento da variância total da ingestão. O padrão Tradicional, caracterizado pelo consumo de feijões, arroz, café/chá, açúcar, manteiga/margarina, carne bovina e bolacha doce, se associou negativamente ao sexo masculino, maior renda familiar e maior escolaridade do chefe da família. O padrão Dual, caracterizado pelo consumo de achocolatado, vegetais, leite integral, temperos (salada), queijo, carne processada/frios, pães/torradas, bala, suco e carne branca, se associou positivamente ao estado matrimonial (com companheiro) e maior escolaridade do chefe da família e à maior renda. Conclusão: Os adolescentes apresentam baixo consumo de fibras, principalmente sob a forma de frutas e cereais integrais, e alta ingestão de sódio, gorduras e açúcares. As duas abordagens forneceram informações consistentes e complementares sobre o comportamento alimentar dos adolescentes, podendo ser utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de programas de saúde pública que visem previnir e tratar doenças crônicas relacionadas com a dieta e que ocorrem ao longo da vidaBackground: Adolescent dietary patterns have been associated with increased risk factors for chronic diseases, including diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Objectives: To evaluate the dietary patterns among adolescents living in the municipally of São Paulo. Methods: Data of adolescents from a cross-sectional survey were analyzed. Two different approaches were used to evaluate the dietary patterns: the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) and the factors analysis. To estimate the usual intake, it was collected a minimum of one and a maximum of five 24-hour dietary recall (24HR), in which the first one was obtained in the adolescents home, together with a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the others records were collected by phone. In the first approach, the method proposed by the American National Cancer Institute was used to estimate the distribution of the components of the BHEI-R, according to the usual intake and adjusted by the sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics. To access the dietary patterns using the factor analysis, initially, the usual intake that was estimated by the Multiple Source Method. Beside the 24HR data, the FFQ was used as covariate information to improve the modeling of consumption probability and intake amount. After the factor analysis, multivariate linear regressions models identified the characteristics associated with the dietary patterns. Results: The estimated mean BHEI-R score (47.1 points), adjusted for gender and family heads schooling, was, being similar between males (46.3) and females (48.0). The results indicated lower consumption of Whole grains (0.3), Total vegetables (1.0), Total fruit (1.3) and Whole fruit (0.4); and higher intake Sodium (2.2), Saturated fat (5.8) and; SoFAAS (4.5), that comprise the calories from solid fat, alcohol intake and added sugar. The factor analysis identified two dietary patterns that together explained 17.1 per cent of the total variation in food intake. The Traditional diet, characterized by the consumption of beans, rice, coffee/tea, sugar, butter/margarine, beef and cookies, was inversely associated with be male, higher income and higher family heads schooling. The Dual diet, characterized by the consumption chocolate powder, vegetables, whole milk, salada dressings, cheeses, processed meats/cold cuts, breads/toasts/crackers, candies, juices and white meat (chicken and fish), was directly associated with higher income, family heads marital status (living with someone) and higher family heads schooling. Conclusion: The adolescents have lower dietary fiber intake, especially fruits and whole grains and higher intake of sodium, fats and sugars. Thus, the results of the two approaches provide consistent and complementary information about the adolescent dietary behavior that can be used to the development of public health programs, in order to prevent and treat dietrelated chronic diseases throughout the life course
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Gazal, Claudia Hallal Alves. "Comparação do efeito de três intervenções não medicamentosas sobre a evolução clínica e metabólica de crianças com excesso de peso : atenção em um ambulatório de obesidade infantil vs. atividade física dirigida vs. dieta ajustada por calorimetria." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143562.
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Introdução: A prevalência da obesidade infanto juvenil tem aumentado, sendo importante que mais profissionais estejam habilitados para o manejo. Objetivo: Comparar o efeito, após 12 meses, de três intervenções: programa de atividade física (AF), manejo dietoterápico (D) e atendimento ambulatório de referência em um hospital terciário (AMO) sobre o índice de massa corporal (IMC), composição corporal, taxa metabólica (TMB) e perfil metabólico de crianças e adolescentes com obesidade. Procedimentos Metodológicos: Ensaio clínico randomizado em 82 sujeitos de 8 a 15 anos, com obesidade. No grupo D, recebia dieta ajustada a partir da TMB por calorimetria indireta; no grupo AF, educador físico orientava prática de AF no domicílio e, no grupo AMO, orientações para introdução e manutenção de hábitos saudáveis. O acompanhamento foi mensal e os dados antropométricos, composição corporal, taxa metabólica basal e exames laboratoriais foram determinados no início, aos 6 e 12 meses de seguimento. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do HCPA número 10-0011 e registrado www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT012973774. Resultados: Foram avaliados 82 sujeitos. A diferença (percentual) entre os grupos AF, D e AMO, respectivamente, foi de: escore Z do IMC -7,1% (-10,8 a -3,3), -5,0% (-8,4 a -1,5) e –15,2%(- 19,5 a -10,9); p=0,001; Peso (Kg) massa gorda 9,2% (4,3 a 14,2), 10,4% (4,8 a 15,9) e 4,3% (-1,7 a 10,4), p=0,248; Peso(Kg) massa livre de gordura 10,5%(7,5 a 13,4), 7,0% (4,1 a 10,0) e 6,7% (2,8 a 10,7) p=0,203; TMB 50,3%(2,2 a 232), 31,6%(-23,7 a 147), 38,6%(-17,3 a 232), p=0,669. As alterações laboratoriais mais frequentes no início do estudo nos grupos AMO, AF e D foram, respectivamente, valor HDL baixo (82,1%, 77,8%, 63%), insulina jejum 15 μUI/mL (71,4%, 81,5% e 66,7%) e homeostasis model assessment insulin resistence índex alterado (67,9%, 81,5%, 63%). O diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica (SM) foi feito em 20% das crianças obesas. No grupo AMO houve redução maior significativa do escore Z do IMC, da circunferência da cintura (CC), aumento do valor do HDL, redução da insulina de jejum e do HOMA-IR, redução da pressão sistólica e no número de componentes da SM. No grupo AF houve uma redução maior no colesterol total, no valor do LDL e dos triglicerídeos (TG). O grupo D também mostrou melhora no escore Z do IMC, redução do valor do colesterol total (CT), do LDL e dos TG. Apesar da redução dos indivíduos com diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica no grupo AMO (de 7 para 2) e AF (de 4 para 1) não houve diferença significativa quando comparados os 3 grupos. Conclusões: As três intervenções foram efetivas no tratamento da obesidade de crianças e adolescentes. Este estudo comprova a necessidade de estratégias combinadas e a longo prazo no manejo da obesidade na criança e adolescente para reduzir as alterações cardio metabólicas presentes nesta população e evitar a progressão dos fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, metabólicas e morte prematura. Portanto, estas 3 estratégias podem ser utilizadas no manejo da obesidade infanto juvenil.Background: The prevalence of paediatric obesity has increased in recent years, and health care workers must be trained to treat these conditions. Objective: To compare the effect of three year-long interventions: physical activity (PA) programme, dietary intervention (D) and treatment in an outpatient obesity clinic (OOC), on the body mass index (BMI), body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and biochemical measurements of children and adolescents with obesity. Methodological Procedures: Randomized clinical trial of 82 participants aged between 8 and 15, diagnosed with obesity. Participants in the PA group received individualised home-based physical activity programmes from a physical education teacher. In the D group, participants received dietary counselling based on BMRs as measured by indirect calorimetry. In the OOC group, participants were given instructions on how to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyle habits. Participants had monthly appointments with physical educators, nutritionists or health care workers, depending on participant group. Anthropometric data, body composition, BMR and biochemical measurements were assessed at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Project approved by Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do HCPA número 10-0011 and registred www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT012973774. Results: Differences between the PA, D and OOC groups over the course of the study were as follows: BMI Z score -7.1% (-10.8 to -3.3), -5.0% (-8.4 to -1.5) and –15.2%(-19.5 to -10.9); p=0.001; Fat mass (Kg) 9,2% (4,3 a 14,2), 10,4% (4,8 a 15,9) and 4,3% (-1,7 a 10,4), p=0,248; Fat-free mass weight(Kg) 10.5%(7.5 to 13.4), 7.0% (4.1 to 10.0) and 6.7% (2.8 to 10.7) p=0.203; BMR 50.3%(2.2 to 232), 31.6%(-23.7 to 147), 38.6%(-17.3 to 232), p=0.669. The most frequent laboratory anormalities at baseline in groups OOC, PA and D were, respectively, value low HDL (82.1%, 77.8%, 63%), fasting insulin 15 μUI / mL (71.4% , 81.5% and 66.7%) and high homeostasis model assessment insulin resistence index (67.9%, 81.5%, 63%). The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made in 20% of obese children. OOC group was significantly greater reduction in BMI Z score, waist circumference, total cholesterol, increasing the value of HDL, reduced fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure reduction and the number of metabolic syndrome components. In the PA group, there was a greater reduction in total cholesterol in the amount of LDL and TG. Group D also showed improvement in BMI Z score, reducing the value of total cholesterol, LDL and TG. Despite the reduction of individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in the group OOC (7 to 2) and PA (4 to 1) no significant difference when comparing the three groups. Conclusions: All three interventions led to a reduction in BMI Z score, and increased fat free mass, BMR and biochemical measurements over the course of a year. This study demonstrates the need for combined strategies and long-term management of obesity in children and adolescents to reduce cardio metabolic changes present in this population and prevent the progression of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and premature death. Therefore, all three interventions are suitable treatments for paediatric obesity.
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Taljaard, Annette. "'n Verkenning van die rol van vrees vir MIV/VIGS in adolessente se seksuele keuses." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05182009-133249.
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Michelazzo, Fernanda Beraldo. "Avaliação da ingestão e do estado nutricional em relação ao zinco de jovens na faixa escolar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-06072017-163507/.
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São poucas as investigações do estado nutricional de escolares, especialmente aqueles na faixa etária entre 9 e 12 anos que especifiquem o estágio de maturação sexual e que sejam norteados por parâmetros bioquímicos de avaliação de estado nutricional relativo a minerais, especialmente em relação ao zinco. ° presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional relativo ao zinco de escolares neste estágio de vida, de duas redes de ensino, pública e particular, de São João da Boa Vista/ SP, em três momentos ao longo de um ano (T1, T2 e T3), com intervalos de 4 meses. Para a avaliação antropométrica foram utilizados o IMC e a porcentagem de gordura corporal, esta última por meio da aferição de dobras cutâneas. A ingestão dietética foi analisada por programa de computador a partir de um recordatório de 24h e dois registros alimentares, e sua adequação foi avaliada pelas DRls(IOM, 2000). As concentrações de zinco plasmática, urinária e eritrocitária foram determinadas por espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica (comprimento de onda = 213,9 nm). Dos escolares avaliados, 19% estavam com o IMC≤P15, sendo predominantemente do sexo feminino e da rede particular, 53% estavam com IMC=P15>P50
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Swart, Bert. "Die verband tussen stadium van morele ontwikkeling en lokus van kontrole by 'n groep Afrikaanssprekende adolessente." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49928.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to Hurlock ( in Louw, Gerdes & Meyer, 1985), traditional society has a larger number of prescribed values and rules of behaviour than is the case in modern society. In modern society the onus rests on the individual who is expected to direct his behaviour in accordance with the values of his choice. The individual has to accept responsibility for determining his own values. This may create problems for the adolescent because he will be confronted by a wide range of diverse values without the benefit of guidelines or rules to tell him which of those values should be accepted and which should rather be avoided. Against this background it becomes clear why the internalization of moral values, as they develop, is of utmost importance to the adolescent. In this study an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between stage of moral development and locus of control within a group of Afrikaans-speaking adolescents. The study has further attempted to determine the influence of intellectual ability on the relationship between stage of moral development and locus of control. Males and females were also compared with respect to moral development and locus of control. The sample comprised 193 white, Afrikaans-speaking grade eleven pupils. Seventy-six were boys and 117 girls. The subjects were selected from three high schools situated in three different towns and/or cities. All the subjects came from complete families in which both biological parents were present. Taylor's Reasons for Action Questionnaire (1978) was used to determine the stage of moral development. This questionnaire is based on Lawrence Kohlberg's six stages of moral development which in itself developed from the cognitive-developmental structural approach to moral development. The Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Questionnaire was used to measure the level of locus of control. Intelligence test scores, as measured by the New South African Group Test, were obtained from the E119 records at the various schools. The responses to a biographical questionnaire were used to facilitate the demarcation of the sample. The results of the study indicated that on average the sample as a whole, functions on a conventional moral level. A significantly negative correlation (r(193) = -,28; P < ,001) was found between locus of control and level of moral developement. This indicates that within this group of Afrikaans-speaking adolescents an internal locus of control is associated with a higher level of moral development whilst and external locus of control is associated with a lower level of moral development. In this study intelligence had little or no influence on the relationship between level of moral development and locus of control. This supports the view of Kohlberg (1969) that there is a curved line relationship between the level of moral judgement and intellectual ability. Finally it may be said with a 95% degree of certainty, that there is a significant gender difference in respect of the construct of moral development. The girls used in this sample displayed a more developed level of moral development than the boys.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In tradisionele samelewings is daar, volgens Hurlock (aangehaal in Louw, Gerdes & Meyer, 1985), meer waardes en reëls vir gedrag voorgeskryf as in die moderne samelewing. In die moderne samelewing rus die onus op die individu om sy gedrag volgens die waardes van sy keuse in te rig. Hierdie verantwoordelikheid wat op die individu rus om self sy waardes te bepaal, kan vir die adolessent probleme skep aangesien hy deur 'n groot verskeidenheid waardes konfronteer word sonder riglyne of reëls oor watter waardes aanvaar en watter liefs vermy moet word. Teen hierdie agtergrond is dit duidelik waarom die internalisering van morele waardes, soos dit ontwikkel, van uiterste belang is vir die adolessent. Die onderhawige studie poog om die verband tussen die stadium van morele ontwikkeling en lokus van kontrole by 'n groep Afrikaanssprekende adolessente te ondersoek. Verder is probeer om die invloed van intellektuele vermoë op die verband tussen die stadium van morele ontwikkeling en lokus van kontrole te ondersoek. Laastens is die geslagte met mekaar vergelyk ten opsigte van die twee konstrukte, naamlik stadium van morele ontwikkeling en lokus van kontrole. Die ondersoekgroep het bestaan uit 193 blanke Afrikaanssprekende graad 11 leerlinge. Hiervan was 76 seuns en 117 meisies. Die toetslinge was afkomstig uit drie hoërskole wat in drie verskillende dorpe en/of stede geleë is. Die toetslinge het uit volledige gesinne gekom, dit wil sê, gesinne waar beide die biologiese ouers nog teenwoordig was in die huishouding. Die Redes vir Optrede Vraelys van Taylor (1978) is gebruik om die stadium van morele ontwikkeling vas te stel. Hierdie vraelys is gebaseer op Lawrence Kohlberg se ses stadia van morele ontwikkeling wat ontstaan het vanuit die kognitief-ontwikkelende strukturele benadering van morele ontwikkeling. Die Rotter Interne-Eksterne Lokus van Kontrole Vraelys is gebruik om die vlak van lokus van kontrole te bepaal. Verstandtoetstellings, soos gemeet deur die Nuwe Suid- Afrikaanse Groeptoets, is vanaf die E119-vorms by die onderskeie skole verkry. Die response op "n biografiese vraelys is benut ten einde die steekproef effektief at te baken. Die resultate van die ondersoek toon dat die totale steekproef wat gemiddeldes betref, op 'n konvensionele morele vlak redeneer. Daar is "n beduidende negatiewe verband r(193) = -,28; p< ,001) tussen lokus van kontrole en vlak van morele ontwikkeling gevind. Dit dui daarop dat, by hierdie groep Afrikaanssprekende adolessente, "n interne lokus van kontrole saamgaan met "n hoër vlak van morele ontwikkeling en "n eksterne lokus van kontrole met "n laer vlak van morele ontwikkeling saamgaan. In hierdie studie het intellektuele vermoë ook weinig tot geen invloed op die verband tussen vlak van morele ontwikkeling en lokus van kontrole gehad nie. Die bevinding ondersteun Kohlberg (1969) se siening dat die verband tussen vlak van morele oordeel en intellektuele vermoë kromlynig is. Laastens kan daar met 95% sekerheid gesê word dat die geslagte beduidend van mekaar verskil ten opsigte van die konstruk morele ontwikkeling. Dit blyk dat die meisies in hierdie steekproef moreel verder ontwikkel het as die seuns.
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Nogueira, Nadir do Nascimento. "Estudo comparativo sobre os efeitos da suplementação com ferro (diferentes concentrações), ácido fólico e zinco no estado nutricional de adolescentes grávidas e de seus conceptos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-31082012-143716/.
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Esse estudo foi conduzido com 75 adolescentes grávidas, entre 13 e 18 anos de idade, com o objetivo de se investigar o efeito da suplementação com diferentes concentrações de ferro (80 e 120 mg/dia), e quantidades constantes de ácido fólico (250 µg/dia) e zinco (5 mg), no estado nutricional materno, referente a esses nutrientes, e a repercussão sobre o concepto. As adolescentes foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em cinco grupos, ficando assim distribuídos: Grupo I: recebendo 120 mg de ferro + 250 µg de folato; Grupo II: 80 mg de ferro + 250 µg de folato; grupo III: 120 mg de ferro + 250 µg de folato + 5 mg de zinco; Grupo IV: 80 mg de ferro + 250 µg de folato + 5 mg de zinco, e o Grupo V: recebendo ferro, de acordo com a rotina, 120 mg/dia. Duas colheitas de sangue foram realizadas; uma, entre 16 e 20 semanas de gravidez, e a outra, entre 37 e 38 semanas. Foi realizado um inquérito alimentar (recordatório de 24 horas), e tomada de peso e altura, a cada consulta. A dieta consumida pelas adolescentes, apresentou-se para o ferro, o ácido fólico e o zinco, abaixo dos dois terços da RDA. Bioquimicamente, as adolescentes encontravam-se com o estado nutricional comprometido, quanto aos três nutrientes. Antropometricamente, mais de 60% das adolescentes eram eutróficas, ao iniciar o pré-natal. A suplementação com 80 mg e 120 mg de ferro, associado a 250 µg de folato, provocou resposta hemoglobínica semelhante, e não refletiu nas reservas corpóreas de ferro. A suplementação também provocou impacto significante no estado nutricional do ácido fólico, porém, não foi observado correlação entre esses resultados, e o estado nutricional do recém-nascido, e complicações na gravidez. Sugere-se, portanto, que a adolescente grávida, faça uso de suplemento, com 80 mg de ferro, 250 µg de folato, e concentrações de zinco superiores a 5mg/dia, associado a um bom acompanhamento pré-natal.This study was carried out with 75 pregnant teenagers, between 13 and 18 years, with the purpose of investigating the effect of supplementation with different concentration of iron (80 and 120 mg/day) and constant amount of folic acid (250 µg/day) and zinc (5 mg/day), in the maternal nutritional condition, related to these nutrients, and consequence in the concept. The teenagers were randomly distributed in five groups: Group I: it gets 120 mg of iron + 250 µg of folate; Group II: 80 mg of iron + 250 µg of folate; Group III: 120 mg of iron + 250 µg of folate + 5 mg of zinc; Group IV: 80 mg of iron + 250 µg of folate + 5 mg of zinc, and Group V: 120 mg/day iron according to the routine. Two blood samples were collected: one, between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, and another, between 37 and 38 weeks of pregnancy. It was performed a food inquery (within 24 hours), and for every teenager weight and height were taken during respective appointment. Results showed that for the teenagers diet, iron, folic acid and zinc concentration was above two third of RDA. Biochemically, the teenagers had the nutritional condition endangered, for these three nutrients. Anthropometrically, more than 60% of teenagers were eithrophic, at the begging of prenatal. The supplementation with 80 mg and 120 mg of iron, associated with 250 mg of folate promoted similar hemoglobinic reply, and it didn\'t influence the corporal iron supply.This supplementation also promoted significant impact on folic acid nutritional condition and conversely it wasn\'t observed correlation between these results and nutritional condition of the newborn baby and problems during pregnancy. Our results suggest that the pregnant teenager, should take diet supplement containing 80 mg of iron, 250 µg of folate, e zinc concentration more than 5 mg/dia, accompained with a prenatal care supervision.
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Ribeiro, Eloise Santucci. "Energia e nutrientes na dieta de escolares: contrastes entre municípios brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-15092005-150620/.
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A infância e a adolescência são consideradas fases que envolvem uma série de transformações entre as quais merecem destaque o crescimento físico e desenvolvimento acelerados que são determinantes de uma maior demanda de energia e nutrientes. É fundamental que os indivíduos adotem alimentação balanceada no tocante à energia e nutrientes para que as mudanças na composição corporal e maturação sexual, entre outras demandas, sejam asseguradas. Entre os objetivos principais da pesquisa destacam-se a análise do estado nutricional, consumo de energia e nutrientes e a participação dos macronutrientes na dieta de amostra de 1325 escolares, matriculados em vinte unidades de ensino de dez municípios brasileiros. Os dados referentes ao consumo de alimentos foram obtidos por meio da adoção do método Recordatório 24- horas. Para a elaboração das análises nutricionais foi utilizado o software Virtual Nutri (Philippi et al., 1996). Os resultados revelam ingestão média de energia (1503,4 kcal) que pode ser considerada menor que à recomendação definida para os alunos do grupo etário da amostra. Quando se analisou a situação dos escolares, de acordo com a participação dos macronutrientes no Valor Energético Total da Dieta - VET, observouse que, de forma geral, a maioria (55%) adota dieta inadequada, sendo que as situações mais desfavoráveis atingem os estudantes dos municípios das Regiões Nordeste (Parnaíba e Brasileira) e Norte (Abaetetuba e Tailândia). Situação inversa foi identificada no tocante às dietas dos escolares de Joinville-SC (71,3% do grupo adotavam dietas adequadas). A análise do estado nutricional revelou que é nula a prevalência de baixo peso entre os alunos da totalidade das vinte escolas integrantes da pesquisa. De foram geral a maioria (cerca de 92,6%) foi classificada como eutrófica e proporção de escolares próxima à esperada identificada com sobrepeso. No entanto, nos municípios da Região Sul, os resultados distinguem-se pela superioridade da prevalência de sobrepeso em relação aos demais: proporções de escolares (14,7%) de Joinville e 16,3%, em Ponte Serrada foram diagnosticados com excesso de peso. Note-se que os referidos percentuais são praticamente três vezes maiores quando comparados à proporção observada (5%) em populações considerado de referência. Quanto ao consumo de minerais, merece atenção a reduzida ingestão de cálcio (a maioria dos escolares não ingeriu 50% do valor preconizado). O consumo (médio) de praticamente a totalidade das vitaminas selecionadas pode ser considerado relativamente mais favorável, exceto quando se verifica, entre os alunos a baixa ingestão de folacina e ácido pantotênico. A reduzida presença de fibras da dieta da totalidade dos escolares causa preocupação, especialmente quando atenção é dirigida aos valores preconizados (25 a 38g/dia): o maior consumo foi observado entre os alunos de Parnaiba (14,3 g), enquanto em Joinville, a ingestão alcançou 7,9 g (menor quantidade média identificada). Não sobram dúvidas que o grupo formado por crianças e adolescentes, especialmente aqueles matriculados nas unidades da rede pública de ensino, merece a atenção dos órgãos de saúde e educação, principalmente no tocante ao monitoramento do consumo de alimentos.Childhood and adolescence are considered periods that involve a series of changes in which some of them are worth enlightening: the physical growth and development that requires a higher intake of energy and nutrients. It is important that these subjects have a balanced food intake concerning energy and nutrients to reassure that the changes such as in body composition and sexual maturation are guaranteed. One of the most important goals of this work is the assessesment of the nutritional status, the energy and nutrients intake, and the macronutrients present in diets of a sample of 1325 students, enrolled in 20 public schools in 10 Brazilian states. The data on the students food intake were obtained using the 24-hour Recall Method. To the nutritional analyses the software Virtual Nutri was used. It was identified among the main findings an average of energy intake (1503.4 kcal) which was considered below the recommended allowance for the group. When the distribution of the students according to the participation of the macronutrients in the total energy value of the diet was analyzed, it was observed that most of them (55%) has inadequate diets, being the worst situations among students of the Northeast Region (Parnaíba and Brasileira) and the North Region (Abaetetuba and Tailândia). The opposite was found among the students from Joinville-SC (71,3% of the group had diets classified as adequate). The analyses of the nutritional status found no prevalence of low weight among the students in the study. Most of them (around 92.6%) were classified as eutrophic and an expected rate (5%) was identified as overweight. Nonetheless among the students from Joinville (14.7%) and Ponte Serrada (16.3%) the results related to overweightness (percentages practically 3 times higher) distinguished by the superiority over the others. Regarding the consumption of minerals, it is surprisingly the low intake of calcium: most of them hadnt had 50% of the recommended allowance. In relation to the average intake of vitamins the situation can be classified as more regular, except when the reduced intake of folacin and pantotenic acid is considered. The average content of fibers in the diets of all the students is cause of worries especially when the recommended daily allowance (25 to 38g): the highest intake was observed in students from Paraiba (14.3g) and the lowest was identified in students from Joinville. There are no doubts that the group of children and adolescents, especially the ones who attend public schools deserve close attention from the health and educational institutions concerning to food comsuption.
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De, Wet Bernita. "Die verband tussen identiteitsontwikkeling en persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure by adolessente in die Wes-Kaap." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52795.
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Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between identity development and personality type preference during the adolescent developmental phase. The Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity status (EOM-EIS-2) and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) were used as research instruments. School, gender and language were considered as the demographic variables. Personality type preferences and the demographic variables indicated six significant interactions. The Thinking-Feeling (T-J) scale was related significantly to the gender variable. Sensing-Intuition (S-N), Thinking-Feeling (T-J) and Judging-Perception (J-P) were related significantly to language. Sensing-Intuition (S-N) and Judging-Perception (J-P) have indicated significant interactions with the school variable. Identity status and the demographic variables also indicated significant interactions. Gender was related significantly to the interpersonal moratorium status. The school and language variables interacted with the identity diffusion, foreclosure and moratorium statuses in the ideological and in the interpersonal domains.. Significant interactions were indicated among identity status and two of the dimensions of personality type preference, that is Sensing-Intuition (S-N) and Judgement-Perception (JP). Significant preferences for Intuition (N) in relation to the ideological, as well as the interpersonal foraetosure statuses were indicated. Intuition (N) was also related to the. interpersonal diffusion and moratorium statuses. Preferences for Perception (P) were also related significantly to ideological and interpersonal foreclosure, as well as to interpersonal diffusion and moratorium statuses. Neither Thinking-Feeling (T-J) nor Extroversion- Introversion (E-I) dimensions demonstrated any significant interaction with the identity statuses. Educational implications and recommendations are suggested in terms of the indicated personality types and preferences among adolescents, identity formation, as well as the demographic variables related to personality type preferences and identity formation. Recommendations are also suggested with regard to the relationship between identity status and personality type preferences. The researcher would like to emphasise individual differences and diversity (in terms of identity development and personality type preferences) which link up with an inclusive educational approach.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoel van die studie was om die verband tussen identiteitsontwikkeling en persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure tydens die adolessente ontwikkelingsfase te ondersoek. Die volgende twee vraelyste is gebruik: Die Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS-2) en die Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Skool, geslag en taal is oorweeg as demografiese veranderlikes. Persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure het ses beduidende interaksies met die demografiese veranderlikes getoon. Die Denke-Gevoel-skaal het beduidend met geslag verband gehou. Die Sintuiglik-Intuïtiewe (S-N), Denke-Gevoel (T-J) en Beoordeling-Waarneming (J-P) skale is beduidend met taal geassosieer. Die Sintuiglik-Intuïtiewe (S-N) en Beoordeling- Waarneming (J-P) skale het beduidend met skool verband gehou. Identiteitstatus en die demografiese veranderlikes het ook beduidende verbande aangetoon. Geslag het 'n beduidende verband met interpersoonlike moratorium getoon. Skool en taal het elk ses beduidende interaksies met die identiteitsdiffusie-, premature sluiting- en moratoriumstatusse in die ideologiese en interpersoonlike domeine aangedui. Beduidende interaksies is gevind tussen identiteitstatus en twee dimensies van persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure, naamlik die Sintuiglik-Intuïtiewe (S-N) en Beoordeling- Waarneming (J-P) skale. Beduidende voorkeure ten opsigte van die Intuïtiewe (N) funksie in die ideologiese en interpersoonlike premature sluitingstatusse, sowel as in die interpersoonlike diffusie- en moratoriumstatusse is gevind. Beduidende voorkeure ten opsigte van die Waarnemende funksie is ook in die statusse van ideologiese en interpersoonlike premature sluiting, sowel as in interpersoonlike diffusie en moratorium aangedui. Sowel die Ekstroversie-Introversie (E-I) as die Denke-Gevoel (T-J) dimensies het geen beduidende interaksies met identiteitstatusse aangedui nie. Opvoedkundige implikasies en aanbevelings word aangespreek in terme van die aangeduide persoonlikheidstipes en -voorkeure, identiteitsontwikkeling, en die demografiese veranderlikes wat persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure en identiteitsontwikkeling affekteer. Aanbevelings met betrekking tot die aangeduide verband tussen identiteitstatus en persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure word ook gedoen. Die navorsing wil indiwiduele verskille en diversiteit (ten opsigte van identiteitsontwikkeling en persoonlikheidstipevoorkeure) beklemtoon, wat aansluit by 'n inklusiewe opvoedingsbenadering.
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Lima, Vivian Penner de. "Intervenção nutricional com dieta hipocalórica para manutenção de peso em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Prader Willi." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2011. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1550.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-24Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder caused by the lack of expression of the paternal alleles in the proximal region of chromosome 15‟s long arm. In the syndrome some of the following alterations are identified: neurobehavioral, neuroendrocrinal, breathing, psychiatric and nutritional. The main symptom is hyperphagia and its associated comorbidities. In Brazil nutritional intervention programs for PWS patients are scarce. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to implement and assess the efficiency of a specific nutritional program with hypocaloric diet for children and adolescents with Prader-Willi Syndrome. The sample consisted of a group of children and adolescents, age range 6-18 years old (mean age = 13 years old; mean IQ = 58,2/intellectual disability), and their respective mothers. All children presented clinical and cytogenetic-molecular diagnosis for the syndrome. The instruments for data collection were: a) nutritional anamnesis, b) assessment of anthropo-medical measures of weight, height, abdominal circumference and body mass index - BMI, c) report of the last 24 hours, d) Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18). The training and follow-up nutritional program with hypocaloric diet took 10 sessions and lasted 8 months. The strategies used were: workshops, prescriptions, lists of food substitution and recipes, informative tables about calories, prizes (tokens as positive reinforcers). The main results found in the Friedman test indicate that there was a statistically significant difference for the BMI and height. The mean of these values decreased between the first and the last assessment. It was observed a loss of 200g to 6.300g in the body weight. Correlation tests to verify the association between anthropo-medical measures and behavioral problems did not result in statistically significant coefficients. According to data from the nutritional anamnesis and the report of the last 24 hours, it was observed several difficulties faced by mothers to adhere to the program. Although not all anthropo-medical measures presented statistically significant differences, the decrease of weight and BMI reinforces the effectiveness of the program. This kind of low cost initiative can be implemented even in public health services.
A Síndrome de Prader Willi (SPW) é uma doença de origem genética causada pela ausência de expressão de alelos paternos da região proximal do braço longo do cromossomo 15. Na síndrome são identificadas alterações neurocomportamentais, neuroendócrinas, respiratórias, psiquiátricas e nutricionais. O sintoma cardinal da doença é a hiperfagia e as comorbidades associadas a esta. No Brasil há uma escassez de programas de intervenção nutricional para estes pacientes. O objetivo geral do estudo foi implementar e avaliar a eficácia de um programa nutricional específico com dieta hipocalórica para crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Prader Willi. A amostra foi composta por uma série de crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 6 e 18 anos (média de idade=13 anos e quociente de inteligência médio=58,2/deficiência intelectual) e suas respectivas mães. Todas as crianças apresentavam diagnóstico clínico e citogenético-molecular positivo para a síndrome Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram os seguintes a) Anamnese Nutricional, b) Avaliação de medidas antropométricas de peso, estatura, circunferência abdominal e Índice de Massa Corporal-IMC, c) Recordatório de 24 horas, d) Inventário de Comportamentos de Crianças e Adolescentes de 6 a 18 anos (CBCL/6 18. O programa de treinamento e acompanhamento nutricional com dieta hipocalórica abrangeu 10 sessões de atendimento ao longo de 8 meses. Neste foram utilizadas os seguintes recursos: palestras, receituários, listas de substituições de alimentos e receitas, tabelas informativas sobre calorias, premiações (brindes como reforçador positivo). Os principais resultados apontaram na análise de variância de Friedman que nas medidas de IMC e estatura identificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as avaliações. As médias destas medidas diminuíram entre a primeira e a última avaliação. Especificamente no peso corporal verificou-se perda de peso entre 200 gr e 6.300 gr. Os testes de correlação para verificar associação entre medidas antropométricas e problemas de comportamento não mostraram coeficientes estatisticamente significativos. De acordo com dados da anamnese nutricional e do recordatório de 24 horas, verificaram-se diversas dificuldades enfrentadas pelas mães para aderir ao programa. Embora nem todas as medidas antropométricas mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas, a diminuição de peso e IMC observada evidencia indicadores de eficácia do programa aplicado. Iniciativas deste tipo são de baixo custo e podem ser implementadas, inclusive, nas unidades básicas de saúde.
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Silva, Júnior Celso Costa da. "Consumo de macronutrientes e alterações na proteína c-reativa ultrassensível em adolescentes escolares de 10 a 14 anos de idade na cidade de João Pessoa, Brasil." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9014.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of total carbohydrate intake, total fat and saturated fats with hsCRP levels in adolescents aged 10 to 14 enrolled in public schools in Joao Pessoa, Brazil. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This is an epidemiological cross-sectional, school-based study, carried out based on data collected from a subsample of adolescents of both sexes, aged from 10 to 14 years, enrolled in the 6th grade – middle school in 2014, of the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health - Study LONCAAFS, held in João Pessoa, Brazil. The final sample consisted of 779 students. Socioeconomic data were collected (age, sex, economic class and skin color), nutritional status (BMI), food consumption data (total carbohydrates, total fats and saturated fats) and hsCRP. RESULTS: 54.56% female, 70.34% were between 11 and 12 years of age, 60.12% were of economic class C and 71.43% of the students were brown. 70% (539) of the students with altered levels of hsCRP. Of the students evaluated, 54.36% (293) are female. The prevalence of inadequate consumption was 29.25% in carbohydrates, 35.70% of total fats and 75.22% of saturated fats exceeding. 2.70% of the sample was classified as being underweight and 34.01% was the sum of those who were overweight or obese together. No significant independent associations were found between hsCRP and total carbohydrates, or total fats, or saturated fats, as well as skin color in the statistical models created. Significant associations of hsCRP with BMI, economic class and age were found. CONCLUSION: It is not possible to affirm the existence of an association between the inadequate consumption of macronutrients and the increase of serum levels of hsCRP in a sample of adolescents from public schools in Joao Pessoa, Brazil. The results also show a strong association between altered levels of hsCRP with nutritional status, age, and economic class.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação do consumo de carboidratos, gorduras totais e saturadas com níveis de proteína C-reativa ultrassensível (PCR-us) em adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos matriculados em escolas públicas de João Pessoa, Brasil. CONSIDERAÇÕES METODOLÓGICAS: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, de base escolar, realizado com dados coletados de uma subamostra do primeiro ano (2014) do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentário, Atividade Física, Hábitos Alimentares e Saúde de Adolescentes – Estudo LONCAAFS, realizado em João Pessoa, com adolescentes de ambos os sexos, faixa etária de 10 a 14 anos, matriculados no sexto ano do ensino fundamental II. A amostra foi composta por 779 estudantes. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos (idade, sexo, classe econômica e cor da pele), estado nutricional (índice de massa corporal – IMC), de consumo alimentar (carboidratos totais, gorduras totais e gorduras saturadas) e PCR-us. RESULTADOS: 54,56% da amostra era do sexo feminino, 70,34% tinha entre 11 e 12 anos de idade, 60,12% era da classe econômica C e 71,43% dos alunos eram pardos. A prevalência de PCR-us alterada foi de 70% (539) dos alunos. Destes, 54,36% (293) são do sexo feminino. Prevalência de consumo inadequado de macronutrientes foi de 29,25% nos carboidratos, 35,70% de gorduras totais e 75,22% de gorduras saturadas. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade foi de 34%. Nos modelos estatísticos elaborados não foram encontradas associações independentes significativas entre PCR-us e carboidratos totais, ou gorduras totais, ou gorduras saturadas, assim como a cor da pele e sexo. Foram encontradas associações significativas da PCR-us com IMC, classe econômica e idade. CONCLUSÃO: Não é possível afirmar a existência de associação entre o consumo inadequado de macronutrientes e o aumento dos níveis séricos de PCR-us em uma amostra dos adolescentes de escolas públicas de João Pessoa, Brasil. Os resultados também mostram forte associação entre os níveis alterados de PCR-us com o estado nutricional, idade e classe econômica.
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Chung, Sophia Jihey. "Diet and exercise of adolescents and their peers." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5731.
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All over the world, adolescent obesity is a serious health problem. Many researchers have focused on diet and exercise, because those behaviors are modifiable risk factors for obesity. To reduce or prevent the prevalence of adolescent obesity, contributions of diverse contextual factors to adolescents’ diet and exercise have been studied. However, little is known about peer influences on adolescents’ diet and exercise, compared to the studies of other contextual factors such as parents and school.
In addition, in contrast to Western countries with higher prevalence of adolescent obesity, few studies have been conducted in countries with different cultures. Exploring the influence of peers on diet and exercise of adolescents in those countries could help to develop culturally-appropriate interventions to prevent adolescents from becoming obese. Thus, the purpose of this set of three studies was to examine adolescents’ diet and exercise in the context of peer factors and relationships.
The purpose of the first study was to systematically review research assessing contribution of peer to adolescents’ diet and exercise. Twenty four articles were identified, using the electronic databases, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. According to the findings from this review, the diet and exercise of adolescents was positively associated with that of their peers. Additionally, gender, the type of diet and exercise, and the closeness of friends could influence these associations.
The second study identified the parent-, school-, and peer-factors contributing to dietary and exercise behaviors of adolescents in the United States, by using data from the Health Behaviour of School-Aged Children study. Findings from the current analysis indicated that parent- and peer-factors could influence either diet or exercise of adolescents; while school-factor were found to be associated only with adolescents’ diet.
The third study explored the diet and exercise of Korean female adolescents within their classroom-based peer networks. Using social network analysis, dietary behaviors of female adolescents in this study were clustered within their classrooms. Several adolescents played a role in bridging two or more peer networks. However, less information about female adolescents’ exercise behaviors within classroom-based peer network was obtained.
In summary, peers are an important contextual factor for developing adolescents’ diet and exercise behaviors that could contribute to adolescent obesity. These associations could be influenced by the characteristics of friendships such as gender of friends, the closeness of friends, and network characteristics of friendships. Peers can be potential targets for interventions to reduce or prevent the development of adolescent obesity.
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Junior, Eliseu Verly. "Prevalência de inadequação da ingestão de nutrientes entre adolescentes do município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-08092009-084842/.
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Introdução: A adolescência destaca-se como um período de elevada demanda de nutrientes. No entanto, a dieta deste grupo freqüentemente tem sido descrita como elevada em gorduras saturadas e sódio, e pobre em diversos nutrientes. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de inadequação da ingestão de nutrientes e estimar os componentes de variância da ingestão de nutrientes entre adolescentes do município de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostra representativa da população de adolescentes do município de São Paulo, conduzido no ano de 2003. Foi coletado um recordatório de 24 horas (R24h) para cada participante (n=525), além de dados socioeconômicos e antropométricos. A medida de variabilidade da ingestão foi calculada por meio de duas replicações do R24h em uma subamostra desta população, nos anos de 2007 e 2008. A ingestão habitual foi estimada utilizando o software PC-SIDE, que utiliza o método desenvolvido pela Iowa State University. As prevalências de inadequação foram calculadas pelo método da EAR com ponto de corte, entre os sexos e entre os estratos de renda familiar per capita (RFPC), escolaridade do chefe da família, estado nutricional e etilismo, posteriormente comparados utilizando o teste de proporções. Para a estimativa da contribuição do dia da semana e do mês do ano para variância total da ingestão dos nutrientes e de energia, foi utilizado modelo de efeitos aleatórios. Foram calculadas as razões de variância (RV) intra-pessoal sobre a inter-pessoal, e o número de coletas de R24h necessárias para estimativa da ingestão habitual de nutrientes e energia entre adolescentes. Resultados: As prevalências de inadequação mais elevadas foram relativas às vitaminas E (99% e 99%), magnésio (89% e 84%), vitamina A (78% e 71%), vitamina C (79% e 73%, p<0,05) e fósforo (49% e 71%, p<0,05), para o sexo masculino e feminino, respectivamente. A proporção de indivíduos com ingestão superior ao recomendado de cálcio foi menor que 1%. A prevalência de inadequaçãoda ingestão das vitaminas A, C, B6, B12, fósforo e riboflavina foi mais elevada (p<0,05) nos estratos de menor RFPC e escolaridade do chefe da família. A contribuição para a variância total da ingestão relativa ao dia da semana e mês do ano foi inexpressiva (<8%). As RVs variaram de 1,15 para o cálcio a 7,31 para a vitamina E. O número de R24h necessários para estimar a ingestão habitual variou de acordo com o nutriente: em torno de 15 para o sexo masculino e 8 para o sexo feminino.Introduction: The adolescence stands out as a high demand stage of nutrients. Nonetheless, food practices of this group often have been characterized as having high consumption of saturated fat and poor in nutrient-rich foods. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake and to calculates the variance components of energy and nutrient intake in adolescents from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study from a representative sample of adolescents living in Sao Paulo, carried out on 2003. It was collected one 24-hour recall (24hr) for each subject (n=525) and also information about socioeconomic status and anthropometry. The intake variability measurement was performed using two replicates of 24hr in a subsample of this population, during 2007 and 2008. The usual nutrient intake was estimated using PC-SIDE software, that use the method developed at Iowa State University. The EAR cut-point method was chosen to calculate prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake between sexes and between familiar income per capita (FIPC) and parental educational levels, nutritional status and alcohol consumption. The groups were compared by proportions test. Contribution of the day of week and month of year in total variance were estimated using random effect models. It were calculated within- to between-person variance ratio (VR) and the number of replicates required to estimate habitual nutrient and energy intake in adolescents. Results: The highest prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake were regarding to vitamin E (99% e 99%), magnesium (89% e 84%), vitamin A (78% e 71%), vitamin C (79% e 73%, p<0.05) and phosphorus (49% e 71%, p<0.05), for male and female respectively. The proportion of individuals with calcium intake above recommended value was less than 1%. The prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamins A, C, B6 and B12, phosphorus and riboflavin is higher in lower FIPC and parental educational levels (p<0.05). The variance component analyses appointed out to unexpressive contribution (less than 8%) of the day of week and month of year to total variance. The VRs ranged from 1.15 for calcium to 7.31 for vitamin E. The number of replicates needed to estimate habitual nutrient intake ranged according to nutrient. It is approximately 15 for male and 8 for female.
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Tanaka, Luana Fiengo. "Avaliação da qualidade da dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids e seus fatores associados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-07052012-123928/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: a introdução de esquemas antirretrovirais altamente potentes, no tratamento da Aids pode estar associada ao aparecimento de alterações metabólicas em pacientes com HIV/Aids. Além da terapia antirretroviral, outros fatores, como a dieta podem contribuir para o aparecimento dessas alterações em adolescentes com HIV/Aids. Assim, faz-se necessária a avaliação da qualidade da dieta de indivíduos dessa população. OBJETIVO: analisar a qualidade da dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte de pacientes com HIV/Aids atendidos pela Unidade de Infectologia do Instituto da Criança (ICr-São Paulo). Foram avaliados 88 adolescentes (10 a 19 anos). Informações sobre o histórico da doença e uso de medicamentos foram obtidas a partir de prontuários médicos. Os adolescentes responderam a dois recordatórios de 24 horas e um questionário sobre atividade física habitual. Peso, altura e circunferência da cintura foram medidos em duplicata. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta (IQD-R). O IQD-R é composto de 12 itens e a pontuação final varia de 0 a 100 pontos. Foram calculados os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre o IQD-R e as variáveis independentes. Também foram feitas as comparações das médias do IQD-R segundo as variáveis independentes pelo teste t-Student ou Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: a média para o IQD-R foi 51,90 pontos (EP=0,90 pontos). Os componentes que apresentaram menores médias foram cereais integrais e sódio. Os componentes que tiveram maiores médias foram cereais totais e óleos. Adolescentes moradores de casas de apoio tiveram média maior para fruta total e menor para carnes e leguminosas, quando comparados aos adolescentes que moravam com a família. Meninas apresentaram média maior para leite e derivados e menor para calorias provenientes de gorduras sólidas, bebidas alcoólicas e açúcares adicionados quando comparadas com meninos. CONCLUSÃO: os adolescentes com HIV/Aids avaliados apresentaram padrão de consumo alimentar semelhante ao de adolescentes da população geral: alto consumo de açúcar, gordura saturada e sódio e consumo insuficiente de cereais integrais e frutas. Atenção especial deve ser dada à dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids, pois eles estão em maior risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares ou outras doenças crônicas.INTRODUCTION: the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of AIDS might be associated with the emergence of metabolic disturbances in patients with HIV/AIDS. Apart from the antiretroviral therapy, other factors, such as diet may contribute to the emergence of these disturbances in adolescents with HIV/Aids. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate diet quality of individuals from this population. OBJECTIVE: to assess diet quality among adolescents with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: in a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS treated at the Infectious Disease Unity of the Instituto da Criança (ICr-São Paulo) 88 adolescents (10 to 19 years old) were assessed. Information on disease history and use of medication were obtained from medical records. Adolescents responded to two 24-hour recalls and one questionnaire on habitual physical activity. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured twice. Diet quality was assessed by means of the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005). The HEI-2005 is composed of 12 items and the final score ranges from 0 to 100 points. Pearson´s correlation coefficients between the HEI-2005 and the independent variables were calculated. HEI-2005 means were also compared according to the independent variables by means of Student´s t-test or Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The mean for the HEI-2005 was 51.90 points (SE=0.90 points). The components with the lowest means were whole grains and sodium. The components with highest means were total grains and oils. Adolescents living in foster homes had higher mean for total fruit and lower mean for meats and beans when compared to adolescents living with their families. Girls had higher mean for milk and dairy products and lower for calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars when compared to boys. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with HIV/Aids showed an eating pattern similar to the adolescents from the general population: high consumption of added sugar, saturated fat and sodium and inadequate ingestion of whole grains and fruits. Special attention should be paid to the diet of adolescents with HIV/AIDS, because they are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
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De, Wet Cecilia. "Die verband tussen gesinsorg en interpersoonlike skemas in adolessensie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52794.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An increasing number of children in South Africa are deprived of adequate parental care. Factors exacerbating the situation are the deaths of parents due to HIV/AIDS and contextual stressors like poverty and violence. Children removed from family care in accordance with stipulations of the Act on Child Care, were all exposed to factors of inadequate care like a lack of basic means of existence and/or physical, emotional or spiritual neglect or sexual abuse. The current thesis tried to determine to what extend these factors influence the social development of children. Theories of psychosocial development have shown that optimal social development starts with securing a strong positive and reciprocal emotional bond with the primary caregiver. This is the basis of personal security and interpersonal trust upon which further developmental elements like a positive self image, autonomy, pro-social behaviour, emotional well-being, moral values, the ability to find solutions to problems, self control and expectations about the future, will be based. Schema theory has confirmed the importance of positive developmental experiences in establishing positive expectations about social interaction. Negative developmental experiences will lead to dysfunctional schemas and selective processing of information. This will negatively influence emotional well-being, the ability to solve interpersonal problems and realistically assessing the self and others. Dysfunctional interpersonal patterns, inappropriate social behaviour and a less positive expectation of the future, will follow. Patterns of parental care are still important in adolescence and influence body image, sexual identity, academic achievement, career aspirations, values, autonomy and emotional well-being. Negative patterns of parenting, like loveless over-control and child abuse, lead to dysfunctional interpersonal expectations. Residential care increases the risk of diffused bonding, unless sufficient preventive measures are put in place. In the current thesis ten elements of interpersonal schemas were identified according to the above theories. Statistical comparisons of the elements were done using two groups of adolescents. Adolescents in the first group were removed from parental care in accordance with the Act on Child Care, while adolescents in the second group experienced continuous and adequate parental care. The results supported all of the hyphotheses, with a measure of ambivalence about autonomy. Psychosocial history was proved to be a measurable discriminating factor in adolescent interpersonal schemas. Sex proved to be a further discriminating factor in some elements. Girls were influenced most by the presence or lack of family security. In a second section, current programmes for social empowerment in use in children's homes, were evaluated according to the above results. Indications were given about possible adaptations and additions to therapeutic and skills programmes, the role of substitute families and character traits of staff that may help in limiting the risks of residential care.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Toenemende getal kinders in Suid-Afrika ontbeer deurlopende en toereikende gesinsorg. Faktore wat hiertoe bydra, is ouersterftes weens MIVNIGS en kontekstuele stressors soos armoede en geweld. Kinders wat uit gesinsorg verwyder word weens die bepalings van die Wet op Kindersorg, was almal blootgestel aan faktore van ontoereikende sorg soos gebrekkige bestaansmiddele en/of fisieke, emosionele of geestelike verwaarlosing of seksuele misbruik. Hierdie proefskrif het probeer vasstel in watter mate dié faktore die sosiale ontwikkeling van kinders beïnvloed. Teorieë omtrent psigososiale ontwikkeling toon aan dat optimale sosiale ontwikkeling begin by die vestiging van 'n sterk positiewe en wederkerige emosionele band met 'n primêre bindingsfiguur. Dit vorm die basis van persoonlike sekuriteit en interpersoonlike vertroue, waarop ontwikkelingselemente soos 'n positiewe selfsiening, outonomie, pro-sosialiteit, emosionele welstand, morele waardes, probleemoplossingsvaardighede, selfbeheer en toekomsverwagting gebaseer is. Skema-teorie bevestig die belang van positiewe ontwikkelings-ervarings in die daarstel van positiewe verwagtings omtrent sosiale interaksie. Negatiewe ontwikkelings-ervarings lei tot disfunksionele skemas, waarin inligting selektief verwerk word. Dit het 'n negatiewe uitwerking op emosionele welstand, die vaardigheid om interpersoonlike probleme op te los en realisties oor die self en ander te oordeel. Die gevolg is patrone van interpersoonlike wanaanpassing, ontoepaslike sosiale optrede en 'n minder positiewe toekomsverwagting. In adolessensie speelouerskapspatrone steeds 'n rol ten opsigte van liggaamsbeeld, geslagsidentiteit, akademiese prestasie, beroepsideale, waardes, outonome optrede en emosionele welstand. Negatiewe ouerskapspatrone, soos oormatige en liefdelose beheer en kindermishandeling, lei tot disfunksionele interpersoonlike verwagtings. Residensiële sorg verhoog die risiko vir diffuse bindingsgedrag, tensy doeltreffende voorsorgmaatreëls daargestel word. In die proefskrif is tien elemente van interpersoonlike skemas aan die hand van die teoretiese uiteensetting geïdentifiseer. 'n Statistiese vergelyking ten opsigte van die elemente is gedoen met twee groepe adolessente. Die eerste groep is weens wetlike bepalings uit ouersorg verwyder, terwyl die tweede groep deurlopende en toereikende ouersorg ervaar het. Die resultate het al die hipoteses ondersteun, met 'n mate van ambivalensie omtrent outonomie. Psigososiale geskiedenis was dus 'n meetbare onderskeidingsfaktor ten opsigte van interpersoonlike skemas in adolessensie. Geslag was 'n verdere meetbare faktor by sommige elemente. Dogters was die meeste beïnvloed deur die teenwoordigheid van óf gebrek aan gesinsekuriteit. In 'n tweede afdeling, is die bestaande programme van sosiale bemagtiging in kinderhuise geëvalueer in die lig van bogenoemde resultate. Aanbevelings is gedoen oor die aanpassing en uitbouing van terapeutiese en vaardigheidprogramme, die rol van substituut-gesinne en die eienskappe van personeel wat kan bydra om die risiko's van inrigtingsorg te verminder.
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Thomas, Mònica. "Factors emocionals associats a la conducta alimentària en adolescents. Adaptació i validació de l'EES-C i de l'EPI-C." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84094.
Full textAbstract:
Study of the impact of some emotional factors related to food intake. The research is based on the design and observational cross-cultural adaptation and validation of assessment tools for emotional eating (EES-C) and eating behavior (EPI-C) in 379 non-pathological adolescents (14 -18 years old).
The factorial structure, the concurrent validity, the discriminant and reliability of the original scales were maintained.
The girls showed a higher emotional intake in AAF in the EES-C and higher scores in DIER and EEAT in the EPI-C. The boys showed the higher scores in PAR.
We found significant differences between different types of emotional eating and sex in the AAF, and DEP subscales. A higher percentage of girls belonged to the type II and obtained the highest scores in Diet ChEAT and depressive symptoms by CDI assessment.
Diet restriction increased 3 times the risk of eating disorders, and greater parental control increased the risk of TCA twice.Estudi de la incidència de factors emocionals relacionats amb ingesta alimentaria. Disseny descriptiu, observacional i transversal d’adaptació i validació cultural dels instruments d’avaluació de la ingesta emocional (EES-C) i de la conducta alimentària (EPI-C) en 379 adolescents no clínics (14 -18 anys). Es mantingué estructura factorial, validesa concurrent, discriminant i fiabilitat de les escales originals. Les noies presentaren major ingesta emocional en AAF i UNS de l’EES-C i puntuacions més elevades en DIER i EEAT en l’EPI-C. Els nois presentaren puntuacions més elevades en PAR. Es trobaren diferències significatives entre tipologies d’ingesta emocional en AAF, DEP i UNS i diferències de sexe. Un percentatge més elevat de noies pertanyien a la tipologia II i obtingué puntuacions més elevades en DIETA mesurada pel ChEAT i simptomatologia depressiva avaluada pel CDI. La restricció dietètica augmentà 3 vegades el risc de TCA, i un major control parental n'augmentà el risc 2 vegades.