Journal articles on the topic 'Diesel motor – Alternate fuels'
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Tamilselvan, P., K. Vignesh, and N. Nallusamy. "Performance and Emission Studies of Biodiesel Fuelled Diesel Engines: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.797.
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As the decreasing availability of the fossil fuel is rising day by day, the search of alternate fuel that can be used as a substitute to the conventional fuels is rising rapidly. Especially, the exhaust gas emission by using fossil fuel insists on exploring the available sources of biofuel to provide an eco-friendly environment compared to that of fossil fuels. India depends mainly on imported fuels due to lack of fossil fuel reserves and it has a great impact on the economy. Biodiesel is one of the best available resources that has come to the forefront recently. Recent studies and research have made it possible to extract biodiesel at economical costs and quantities. The blend of biodiesel with fossil diesel has many benefits like reduction in emissions, lower engine wear, reduction in engine oil consumption and comparable thermal efficiency with diesel. It is also found that low fuel consumption and increase in thermal efficiency of engines for biodiesel fuels having higher calorific values than diesel. This paper reviews the performance and emission characteristics of various biodiesel fuels used in CI engine as alternate fuel. This study is based on the reports of biodiesel fuel published by different researchers.
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Gopinath, V., and P. Suresh. "Performance Evaluation of Diesel Engine Runs on Biodiesel Blending." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1719.
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Diesel plays a very important role in rapid depletion of conventional energy sources along with increasing demand and also major contributors of air pollutants. Diesel is used in the present days for engines and the invention of an alternative or a blend to the conventional diesel seems very essential to the energy crisis. Major portion of today's energy demand in India is with fossil fuels. Hence it is high time that alternate fuels for engines should be derived from indigenous sources. As India is an agricultural country, there is a wide scope for the production of corn oil from the germ of corn (maize). In this experiment, an attempt has been made to investigate four types of fuels are considered 100% Diesel, 90% Diesel+10% Corn oil Methyl Ester, 80% Diesel+20% Corn oil Methyl Ester, 70% Diesel+30% Corn oil Methyl Ester and 60% Diesel+40% Corn oil Methyl Ester. The various performance parameters like, brake thermal efficiency, Mechanical efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption were measured and analyzed. In the experiment it found the biodiesel blends gives comparable performance to diesel.
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Jayamurugan, M., and S. Rajkumar. "Modeling the Spray Characteristics of Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.846.
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Biodiesel is considered as one most of the promising alternate fuels for the diesel engines without any major engine modifications due to its similar properties that of diesel. However, it is imperative to study the fuel spray behavior and its effective distribution inside the engine which affect combustion and emission characteristics. Hence, a model will be a useful tool in analyzing the spray characteristics of different biodiesel fuels. Therefore, in this paper a numerical modeling is pursued to analyse the spray characteristics namely spray penetration, spray angle, and atomization of biodiesel. This model is likely to be useful for biodiesel combustion modeling.
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Kukfisz, Bożena. "Efficiency analysis of the sorbents use to absorb the vapors of selected diesel oil products during rescue and firefighting actions." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.051.
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The paper presents a comparison of products of combustion of conventional fuels and alternative fuels based on literature sources. Unfavorable balance of fossil fuels increased interest in alternative fuels that could replace the existing motor fuels. The paper presents the classification and selection factors of sorbents during rescue and firefighting actions of the State Fire Service. There is presented the correspondence analysis of the steam absorption capacity of chosen sorbent of the company Sintac®-Polska, i.e., Compakt® in relation to the sorbates, i.e., diesel oil Miles Plus Diesel Arctic, diesel oil Ekodiesel Ultra F and diesel oil B0 according to EN-590 10 ppm. It is assessed how sorbent absorbs chosen steams and it is presented the inter-relationship between the factors.
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Неверова, V. Neverova, Марков, V. Markov, Бовэнь, and Sa Boven. "Using Mustard Oil As an Ecological Additive to Petroleum Diesel Fuel." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 5 (October 25, 2016): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24146.
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The depletion of oil fields and the deteriorating environmental situation leads to the need for the search of new alternative sources of energy. Actuality of the article due to the need for greater use of the alternative fuels in internal combustion engines is necessary. Fuels produced from vegetable oils and animal fats as advanced alternative fuels for diesel engines are considered. These fuels are produced from renewable raw materials and are characterized by good environmental qualities. Advantages of using fuels of vegetable origin as motor fuels are shown. Experimental research of diesel engine D-245.12S functioning on mixtures of diesel fuel and mustard oil of various percentage is given. One of the most wide spread vegetable oils in Russia is mustard oil. Possible ways of using mustard oil as fuel for a diesel engine are considered. An opportunity of improving characteristics of exhaust gases toxicity by using these mixtures as a fuel for automobile and tractor diesel engines is demonstrated.
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L. Vander Griend, M. E. Feldman, and C.L.Peterson. "Modeling Combustion Of Alternate Fuels In A D I Diesel Engine Using Kiva." Transactions of the ASAE 33, no. 2 (1990): 0342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31336.
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Konada, Naresh Kumar, K. N. S. Suma, and B. B. Ashok Kumar. "Experimental investigation on performance, smoke and exhaust gas analysis of four stroke diesel engine using pongomia/neem oil biodiesel." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (March 19, 2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v12i4.3.
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Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources led to the discovery of alternative fuels forinternal combustion engines. Many alternative fuels like alcohols, petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas have been alreadycommercialized in the transport sector. In the present work, Pongomia oil and Neem oil are blended with diesel and used as analternate fuel for CI engines. The Pongomia oil and Neem oil can be converted into bio diesel using a chemical process of trans- esterification.Different proportions of fuel blends have been produced by the process of blending bio diesel consisting of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% (B10, B15, B20, B25, B30). The fuel properties of each blend are determined. The load test along with smoke and exhaust gas analysis of 4- Stroke Diesel engine using the blends of Pongomia oil and Neem oil with diesel are done in this study. The performance parameters of an engine are calculated for different blends. The sustainability of using alternate fuels in Diesel engines, especially the potential use of Pongomia oil and Neem oil as biodiesel have been brought to the fore through this work and suitable blends of bio diesel is suggested from the results.
Keywords: 4-Stroke Diesel Engine, Pongomia and Neem oil Bo diesel, Performance, Smoke and exhaust gas analysis.
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Sankar, V. V. Arun, AP Arun Pravin, and P. Suresh. "Load and Emission Characteristics of Pongamia Pinnata Oil in ACI Engine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (April 25, 2018): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12150.
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As the world is running on fossil fuels there has been an ever increase in the depletion rate of these fuels. A promising and a best alternate to the fossil fuel is vegetable oils. Pongamia Pinnata oil is non edible in nature and is available abundantly in India. An experimental investigation is made to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics on a compression ignition engine by using methyl ester of pongamia with mineral diesel in different proportions. Pongamia methyl ester was blended with diesel in proportions of 50% and 100% by mass and the results are tabulated and evaluated under various test conditions. The performance parameters were found to be very close to that of mineral diesel. The brake thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency were better than mineral diesel for some specific blending ratios under certain loads. The Efficiency and emission characteristics were also studied and levels of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and hydrocarbons were found to be equal than pure diesel.
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Magaril, E. R., and R. Z. Magaril. "EFFECT OF DENSITY OF FUELS ON THE OPERATIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTOR VEHICLES." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2016-6-108-116.
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Negative influence of the increased density of motor fuels on ecological and on operational characteristics of motor transport is proved. The complex of the technological solutions, aimed to decrease the density of the fuels, which are used, including a change of a ratio of capacities of oil processing, temperature range of boiling of gasoline and diesel fractions, introduction of additives into fuels and addition of butanes to gasolines is offered.
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Verma, Puneet, Svetlana Stevanovic, Ali Zare, Gaurav Dwivedi, Thuy Chu Van, Morgan Davidson, Thomas Rainey, Richard J. Brown, and Zoran D. Ristovski. "An Overview of the Influence of Biodiesel, Alcohols, and Various Oxygenated Additives on the Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel Engines." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101987.
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Rising pollution levels resulting from vehicular emissions and the depletion of petroleum-based fuels have left mankind in pursuit of alternatives. There are stringent regulations around the world to control the particulate matter (PM) emissions from internal combustion engines. To this end, researchers have been exploring different measures to reduce PM emissions such as using modern combustion techniques, after-treatment systems such as diesel particulate filter (DPF) and gasoline particulate filter (GPF), and alternative fuels. Alternative fuels such as biodiesel (derived from edible, nonedible, and waste resources), alcohol fuels (ethanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol), and fuel additives have been investigated over the last decade. PM characterization and toxicity analysis is still growing as researchers are developing methodologies to reduce particle emissions using various approaches such as fuel modification and after-treatment devices. To address these aspects, this review paper studies the PM characteristics, health issues, PM physical and chemical properties, and the effect of alternative fuels such as biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and oxygenated additives on PM emissions from diesel engines. In addition, the correlation between physical and chemical properties of alternate fuels and the characteristics of PM emissions is explored.
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Hari Prasad, Tarigonda, R. Meenakshi Reddy, and P. Mallikarjuna Rao. "Experimental Studies on the Performance of C.I Engine with Fish Oil Methyl Ester as Fuel for Various Blends of Diesel and LPG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.687.
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Fossil fuels are exhausting quickly because of incremental utilization rate due to increase population and essential comforts on par with civilization. In this connection, the conventional fuels especially petrol and diesel for internal combustion engines, are getting exhausted at an alarming rate. In order to plan for survival of technology in future it is necessary to plan for alternate fuels. Further, these fossil fuels cause serious environmental problems as they release toxic gases into the atmosphere at high temperatures and concentrations. The predicted global energy consumption is increasing at faster rate. In view of this and many other related issues, these fuels will have to be replaced completely or partially by less harmful alternative, eco-friendly and renewable source fuels for the internal combustion engines. Hence, throughout the world, lot of research work is in progress pertaining to suitability and feasibility of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is one of the promising sources of energy to mitigate both the serious problems of the society viz., depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. In the present work, experiments are carried out on a Single cylinder diesel engine which is commonly used in agricultural sector. Experiments are conducted by fuelling the diesel engine with bio-diesel with LPG through inlet manifold. The engine is properly modified to operate under dual fuel operation using LPG through inlet manifold as fuel along FME as ignition source. The brake thermal efficiency of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend is increased at an average of 5% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. HC emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend are reduced by about at an average of 21% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. CO emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blends are reduced at an average of 33.6% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. NOx emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend are reduced at an average of 4.4% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. Smoke opacity of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend is reduced at an average of 10% when compared to the pure diesel fuel.
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Punitharani, K., and V. Parameshwaran. "Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Plastic Oil / Diesel Blends." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2017-0022.
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AbstractNOx emission is one of the major sources for health issues, acid rain and global warming. Diesel engine vehicles are the major sources for NOx emissions. Hence there is a need to reduce the emissions from the engines by identifying suitable techniques or by means of alternate fuels. The present investigation deals with the effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on 4S, single cylinder, DI diesel engine using plastic oil/Diesel blends P10 (10% plastic oil & 90% diesel in volume), P20 and P30 at various EGR rates. Plastic oil blends were able to operate in diesel engines without any modifications and the results showed that P20 blend had the least NOx emission quantity.
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Varlamov, G. B., S. A. Glazyrin, P. A. Barabash, V. G. Petrenko, and Z. A. Bimurzina. "Methodological basis for the conversion of transport diesel engines of transport diesel engines to gas-diesel operation." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 134, no. 1 (2021): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2021-134-1-68-78.
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The expediency of the search, development and use of alternative environmentally friendly motor fuels is scientifically substantiated, the main of which is the use of gas fuel, which is much more efficient than diesel fuel in terms of overall environmental safety. The relevance of the research carried out and the developments proposed in this article will make it possible to realize the fundamental complex advantages of the ecological and operational nature of the use of the gas-diesel cycle of the ICE operation. This is in line with the Paris Protocol on a climate to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to keep the global average temperature rising. The paper describes the main features and methods of converting diesel engines to their compressed natural gas power supply. The advantages and disadvantages of all methods of implementing the gas-diesel cycle on existing diesel installations of low and high power are analyzed in detail. The main operations and changes in operating parameters for each method of implementing the gas-diesel cycle on operating diesel engines are also described. The use of a mixed quantitative and qualitative control of the supply of compressed gas and diesel fuel for various loads of a diesel engine operating on a gas-diesel cycle has been scientifically substantiated. The systematization is carried out and the comparative characteristics of liquid and gas motor fuels, which can be used for the implementation of the gas-diesel cycle in diesel engines, are presented in tabular form, general conclusions are described.
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Venkatesan, V., and N. Nallusamy. "A Review on Microalgae Biodiesel Production and its Usage in Direct Injection Diesel Engines as Alternate Fuel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.776.
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Biodiesel is one of the promising alternative fuels for automotive engines due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources, increasing energy demands and environmental concerns. The biodiesel can be obtained from various bio energy resources such as edible and non-edible vegetable oils and animal fats. However, the use of biodiesel derived from edible oils such as palm oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil has negative impact on global food market. Biodiesel from microalgae is considered as a third generation biofuel derived from non-edible resources and best suited for internal combustion engines. Microalgae have the potential to provide sufficient fuel for global consumption due to its high oil content and fast growing ability. This paper provides a brief overview of biodiesel production from microalgae biomass and its suitability as alternate fuel in diesel engines. This review highlights the selection of suitable algae species for oil production, fuel properties in comparison with standard diesel and other biodiesel fuels, performance, combustion and emission characteristics when used in engines, and the economical aspects. Further, the research and development aspects of biodiesel from microalgae as fuel for automobile diesel engines are also reviewed.
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Thangaraja, J., and C. Kannan. "Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on advanced diesel combustion and alternate fuels - A review." Applied Energy 180 (October 2016): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.096.
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Saeed, M. N., and N. A. Henein. "Combustion Phenomena of Alcohols in C. I. Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240273.
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A study was conducted on a direct-injection, single-cylinder, research-type diesel engine to determine the effect of adding ethanol or isopropanol to diesel fuel on the ignition delay period. The test parameters were alcohol content, intake-air properties, and fuel-air ratio. It was found that the ignition delay of alcohol-diesel blends is prolonged as the alcohol content is increased. Ethanol-diesel blends developed longer ignition delays than those developed by isopropanol-diesel blends. The results showed that ignition delay of alcohol-diesel blends can be effectively shortened using intake-air preheating and/or supercharging. The high activation energy of alcohols with respect to diesel fuel is believed to be responsible for the long ignition delays associated with the use of alcohols as alternate fuels in compression ignition engines.
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Vithya, P., and V. Logesh. "Performance and Emission Test of Different Mixtures of Oils with Diesel Using Twin Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.751.
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The use of fossil fuel is increasing drastically due to its consumption in all consumer activities. The utility of fossil fuel depleted its existence, degraded the environment and led to reduction in underground carbon resources. Hence the search for alternative fuels is paying attention for making sustainable development, energy conservation, efficiency and environmental preservation. The worldwide reduction of underground carbon resources can be substituted by the bio-fuels. The researchers around the world are finding the alternate fuel that should have the least impact on the environment degradation. This paper aims at finding an alternative for diesel and reducing the pressure on its existing demand. This study aimed at using two types of oil mixtures namely cashew nut shell oil and camphor oil mixed with diesel, turpentine oil mixed with diesel in different proportions as fuel in twin cylinder four stroke diesel engine. Performance and emission analysis have been performed by using exhaust gas analyzer in the oil samples. It was observed that 40% cashew nut shell oil and 10%camphor oil mixed with 50% diesel, 50% turpentine oil mixed with 50% diesel shows the better engine performance and also less emissions.
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Konovalov, Serhiy, Liubov Patrylak, Stepan Zubenko, Mykhaylo Okhrimenko, Angela Yakovenko, Anton Levterov, and Andriy Avramenko. "Bench Motor Testing of Blended Fuels on their Basis." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.01.105.
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Alkaline transesterification of sunflower oil by n-butanol and ethanol on alkoxide-containing dried solutions of potassium hydroxide has been carried out. Complex character of spontaneous dividing of butanolysis products, accompanying with formation of three different species of glycerol layers, was observed. One of the later was found to be high-alkaline pure glycerol. Bench motor testing of biodiesel/diesel blends demonstrated slightly better power performance of butyl esters comparing with ethyl esters and regular decrease of harmful emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, CH) while increasing biodiesel fraction in mixture.
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SINGH, Prabhat, Dharmahinder Singh CHAND, Sourav PAL, and Aadya MISHRA. "Influence of Alternative Fuel Ratio on Turbocharger Combustor." INCAS BULLETIN 11, no. 4 (December 8, 2019): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2019.11.4.16.
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The present study investigates the effects of alternative fuel properties on combustion performance, in order to ensure reliable combustion performance using various fuel blends for powering an engine. The increasing rate of fuel cost and depletion of fossil fuels has led to the search for alternate fuels. Palm biodiesel derived from palm fatty acids meets the fuel requirements of an aircraft and is compatible with any engine without modifications. Viability of using a blend of present fossil fuels with biodiesel is studied. The engine was operated with petrol, diesel, palm biodiesel and a blend of these three fuels as a pair, with various ratios. The fuel was injected into the combustion chamber at an angle of 45o to the airflow and ignited using a spark plug. The blended fuel is found to have better efficiency than petrol or diesel. Furthermore, the low cost and abundant availability of the biofuel make it a viable alternative to the petroleum-based fuels currently in use. The combustion time and ignition delay are decreased with efficient biofuel due to high oxygen content and high octane number of the biofuel.
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Nina, MEREZHKO, and TKACHUK Valentyna. "COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF MOTOR FUELS WITH BIOCOMPONENTS." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 36, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2020(36)5.
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Background. A comprehensive commodity evaluation of the developed motor fuels with the use of biocomponents with the use of expert evaluation was carried out. The advantages in terms of operational and ecological properties over the basic analogues of A-95 gasoline and L-grade diesel fuel of domestic production are proved. The economic efficiency of the developed fuel compositions is proved and substantiated. Materials and methods. The object of research is motor fuels with biocomponents. The subject of research – operational and environmental properties of motor fuels with biocomponents. A-95 gasoline and L-grade diesel fuel manufactured by PJSC Ukrtatnafta were identified as basic samples. Calculation and expert methods were used in conducting a comprehensive assessment of the quality of motor fuels. The complex quality indicator of the developed A-95 gasoline with biocomponents was determined on the basis of operational and ecological properties according to the following indicators: octane number; fractional composition; density; corrosion on a copper plate; sulfur content; volume fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons; volume fraction of benzene. A group of qualified experts was involved to establish the ranks of quality indicators. Results. Experts assessed the importance of selected indicators to assess the level of quality by ranking them. The comprehensive quality indicator is calculated on the basis of experimental and baseline values of performance and environmental performance indicators to determine the consumer benefits of developed fuels with biocomponents over baseline. As a result of the calculations, it was determined that the complex quality indicator of the proposed fuels Q> 1, which indicates a higher level of quality compared to the basic fuel samples. Conclusion. It is established that the complex quality indicators of the developed fuels are for gasoline A-95 with biocomponents – 1.17, and for B L brand with biocomponents – 2.04, which indicates the qualitative advantages of the latter compared to analogues. Thus, in general, comprehensive indicators of the quality of performance of developed fuels with biocomponents prove the feasibility of their production and use in vehicles.
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Reddy, S. Sunit Kumar, and V. Pandurangadu. "INVESTIGATIONS ON CERAMIC COATED DIESEL ENGINE WITH BRASS PISTON MATERIAL." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 44, no. 1 (July 13, 2014): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v44i1.19492.
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With the enormous energy demand and environmental concern the interest on the alternate fuels tothe diesel engines has been increased. Among all the fuels alcohols have received a considerable attentionbecause these are bio-based, renewable and are oxygenated. But due to its properties they require higheroperating temperatures in the combustion chambers. Hence in the present work a ceramic coated insulatedengine is developed by incorporating an air gap between piston skirt and crown for the study of alcoholsperformance and emission characteristics. The combustion efficiency depends on the mixture strength, pistonmaterial and turbulence in the chamber. So, in this work an attempt is made with brass piston and brass insertwith nine and twelve grooves. Among all the pistons tested the brass insert with nine grooves is best in terms ofengine performance and emissions. With the elevated temperatures the main problems faced are drop involumetric efficiency and lubricating oil deterioration and can be avoided with turbo compounding system andnew lubricants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v44i1.19492
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Adnadjevic, Borivoj. "New technologies in the production of motor fuels from renewable materials." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 1 (2012): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120131063a.
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This work presents resources of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina available for bioethanol and motor fuels (gasoline and diesel fuel) from sustainable resources: corn-stalks, straw, sweet sorghum, pork fat. The physicochemical basis for novel processes for motor fuel production is coupling microwave pyrolysis of oil shale and catalytic cracking of purified pyrolysis oil, hydrothermal liquefaction of algae and swine manure. The effects of the degree of purification of crude pyrolysis oil and oil shale on the degree of their conversion to gasoline and diesel fuel, as well as the product distribution are investigated. The effects of the duration and temperature of hydrothermal liquefaction of microalga, Botryoccocus braunii, and swine manure on their degrees of conversion into bio-oil and its thermal properties are investigated. The development of novel strategy of biofuel in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is presented.
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Ptak, Michał. "Motor fuel taxes and the environmental protection." Oeconomia Copernicana 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2011.002.
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Motor fuel taxes are primarily revenue-raising taxes. However, due to high fuel consumption these taxes can be quite an efficient source of general budget revenue in many countries. It seems that the taxes on motor fuels may also be useful instruments for environmental policy or climate change policy. Environmental objectives can be achieved through change of behavior of drivers. The paper presents theoretical basis for taxes levied on motor fuels. Attention is paid to the problem of external costs of transport and internalization of external costs by applying taxes on motor fuels. The article also contains a review of the European Union countries experience with taxes levied on motor fuels (such as: petrol, diesel oil, liquid petroleum gas and compressed natural gas). The author discusses the structure of fuel taxation and tax rates in different countries. Attention is also paid to the fuel taxes which are principally intended to change behavior, not to raise revenue (particularly carbon taxes) and to the ‘environmentally friendly’ tax differentiations. The paper is based on the available literature and reports published by various organizations (Eurostat, the OECD).
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Singaram, Lakshmanan. "Biodiesel: An eco-friendly alternate fuel for the future: A review." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903185s.
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In today's society, researchers around the world are searching for ways to develop alternate forms of fuel. With the ever-rising fuel costs, developing alternate energy is a top priority. Biodiesel was developed to combat the high gas and oil prices. It is especially made for use in diesel cars and trucks. Biodiesel can be made from all natural foods that can produce oil. Oils such as vegetable, canola, peanut, rapeseed, palm, and olive oil can be used as bio diesel fuel. Virtually all oils that are used in the kitchens everyday can fuel automobiles. Biodiesel fuel is better for the environment because it burns cleaner and does not pollute the atmosphere. It is non-toxic and biodegradable, making it the perfect fuel. Many car manufacturers are realizing that the bio diesel automobile is becoming more popular, and are jumping on the bandwagon, by developing their own version of a biodiesel vehicle. They realize that the need for these vehicles will increase, and predict that they will be ready for the onslaught. Diesel engines have superior fuel efficiencies, and hence they are predominantly used in commercial transportation and agricultural machinery. Due to the shortage of diesel fuel and its increasing costs, a need for an alternate source of fuel for diesel engines is imminent. This paper investigates the suitability of biodiesels as such an alternative with particular reference to automobiles. It reviews techniques used to produce biodiesel and provides a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of using biodiesel over other fuels.
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Kanthavelkumaran, Natesan, and P. Seenikannan. "Biofuel (Cooking Oil) Blends Contribution in DI Diesel Engine – Performance & Emission Study." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.839.
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In present scenario researchers focusing the alternate sources of petroleum products. Based on this, current research work focused the emission study of its characteristics and potential as a substitute for Diesel fuel in CI engines. Current research biodiesel is produced by base catalyzed transesterification of rice bran oil is known as Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester (Biofuel). In this research various proportions of Biofuel and Diesel are prepared on volume basis. It is used as fuels in a four stroke single cylinder direct injection Diesel engine to study the performance and emission characteristics of these fuels. Varieties of results obtained, that shows around 50% reduction in smoke, 33% reduction in HC and 38% reduction in CO emissions. In result discussion a different blends of the brake power and BTE are reduced nearly 2 to 3% and 3 to 4% respectively around 5% increase in the SFC. Therefore it is accomplished from the this experimental work that the blends of Biofuel and Diesel fuel can successfully be used in Diesel engines as an alternative fuel without any modification in the engine. It is also environment friendly blended fuel by the various emission standards.
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P M Bhatt. "Performance Evaluation of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Tyre Pyrolysis Oil (TPO) Blends." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i2.5232.
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Increasing industrialization and motorization led to a significant rise in demand of petroleum products. As these are the non-renewable resources, it will be troublesome to predict the availability of these resources in the future, resulting in uncertainty in its supply and price and is impacting growing economies like India importing 80% of the total demand of the petroleum products. Many attempts have been made by different researchers to find out alternate fuels for Internal Combustion engines. Many alternate fuels like Biodiesel, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and Alcohol are being used nowadays by different vehicles. In this context pyrolysis of scrap tyres can be used effectively to produce oil, thereby solving the problem of waste tyre disposal. In the present study, Experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled by TPO10, TPO15, and TPO20 at a crank angle 280 before TDC (Top Dead Centre) and injection pressure of 180 bar keeping the blend quality by controlling the density and viscosity of tyre pyrolysis oil within permissible limit of euro IV diesel requirement. The performance and emission results were analyzed and compared with that of diesel fuel operation. The results of investigations indicate that the brake thermal efficiency of the TPO - DF blend decreases by 4 to 8%. CO emissions are slightly higher but within permissible limit of euro IV emission standards. HC emissions are higher by about 40 to 60% at partial load whereas smoke opacity is lower by about 14% to 22% as compared to diesel fuel.
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Rajasekaran, Thangaraju, K. Duraisamy, K. R. Arvindd, D. Thamilarasu, Venkatachalam Chandraprabu, and S. Suresh. "Experimental Investigation of Four Stroke Diesel Engine Performance Using Neem Oil and Neem Oil with Hydrogen as a Fuel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1559.
Full textAbstract:
Depletion of fossil fuels, unaffordability of conventional fuels (petrol, diesel) and atmospheric pollution lead researchers to develop alternative fuels. Fuels derived from renewable biological resources used in diesel engines are known as biodiesel. Biodiesel is environmental friendly liquid fuel similar to petrol and diesel in combustion properties. Increasing environmental concern, diminishing petroleum reserves and agriculture based economy of our country are the driving forces to promote biodiesel as an alternate fuel. Hydrogen seems to be viable fuel to meet sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. Hydrogen has high calorific value and clean burning characteristics which makes it effective fuel for future. It was found that hydrogen usage reduce emissions such as CO2and HC. India is one of the largest producers of neem oil and its seed contains 30% oil content. It is an untapped source in India, so the neem oil usage will be a best option. The investigation made on pure neem oil and neem oil with hydrogen addition at different flow rate (2 lpm & 4 lpm) in CI engines. The result shows that, brake thermal efficiency of neem oil with 4 lpm hydrogen was increased to 7.98% compare to pure neem oil at 4 Nm torque and fuel consumption of neem oil with 4 lpm hydrogen was decreased to 13.49% compared to pure neem oil at 4 Nm torque.
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Prabhakar, S., V. N. Banugopan, K. Annamalai, P. Sentilkumar, G. Devaradjane, and S. Jayaraj. "Influence of injection timing on the performance, emissions, combustion analysis and sound characteristics of Nerium biodiesel operated single cylinder four stroke cycle direct injection diesel engine." Material Science Research India 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2010): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/070125.
Full textAbstract:
The automobile sector which is growing day to day consumes the fossil fuel more than its growth. So there is a demand for exploring new sources of fuels for existing engines. This led to the growth in bio diesels which is an alternate fuel. An alternative fuel must be technically feasible, economically competitive, environmentally acceptable, and readily available. In this project esterified Nerium oil is used as an alternate fuel. A single cylinder stationary kirloskar engine is used to compare the performance and emission characteristics between pure diesel and Nerium blends. In this project selection of suitable nerium blend and selection of optimized injection timing for the blend is done. The Nerium oil blends are in percentage of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of Nerium oil to 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% & 0% of diesel. From this project it is concluded that among all nerium and diesel blends 20% of nerium and 80% of diesel blend at 30º BTDC gives better performance nearing the diesel. When comparing the emission characteristics HC, CO is reduced when compared to diesel, however NOx emission is slightly increased when compared to diesel. Hence Nerium blend can be used in existing diesel engines with minimum modification in the engine. It also describes the usage of non-edible oil to a greater extent.
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Prabu, N. Manikanda, T. Senthil Kumar, and S. Nallusamy. "Effect of Solvent Ether (DEE) on Internal Combustion Engine with J20 Optimum Characterized Bio-Diesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1520.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the fuel demands, lots of researches have been done in the field of alternate fuels. After attaining the saturation level in this research area, still we are in need to find some alternate ways for fuel demand. Previous researchers concluded that approximate addition of 0-20% of vegetable oil with conventional diesel fuel leads to closer performance of diesel oil and controlled carbon emission; additionally they proved that there is no engine modifications needed for this optimized blend characteristic usage. Likewise, Chemical additives also can be added directly with diesel fuel and fuel blends of vegetable oils in which various researches concluded that 0-10% addition of chemical additives providing closer performance to diesel fuel. If we specifically pointing about solvent ether say Di-ethyl ether, resulting preferable performance to use as alternate fuel up to 0-5% and accepted results have been provided on some vegetable oils such as POME, Neem oil. In case of Jatropha oil, Proper results and Experiments are not found to be used as better alternative solution with Di-ethyl ether blend. This article brings us to enhanced experiment details and results obtained on Di-ethyl ether with Jatropha oil blend in which optimized Bio-diesel blend (J20= 80% diesel and 20% Jatropha oil) is taken as base fuel throughout the experiment. Keeping J20 oil as base fuel, experiments are conducted with various proportions of Di-ethyl ether (0-12%). Additionally it provides, engine performance characteristics and emission parameters when compared to conventional diesels, Jatropha blend (J20), Di-ethyl ether blend.
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Reddy, R. B., and S. S. Reddy. "PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF BIO- DIESEL FUEL WITH TITANIUM- OXIDE COATED PISTON ON 4-STROKE D.I DIESEL ENGINE." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v16i1.62186.
Full textAbstract:
Diesel engines are being used extensively for fuel economy but due to gradual depletion of Petroleum resources and increase in exhaust emissions, there is an urgent need for suitable alternative fuels for the diesel engines. As our country is an agricultural country, if the alternate fuels are produced by our farmers it will be beneficial for the country and the farmers also. In recent studies, researchers studied various vegetable oils like canola oil, aloveera oil, soya been oil, flaxseed oil and hone oil etc. Out of all flaxseed oil play an important role as an alternative fuel. But the properties of flaxseed oil are not suitable for the usage in the existing diesel engines without blending with diesel fuel. The performance of the engine depends on the combustion phenomenon and it further depends on the amount of heat retained in the combustion chamber. Hence the present work is planned accordingly to develop an insulated engine by coating the piston with TIO2 material. So that more amount of heat will be retained in the combustion chamber which aids the combustion. Further the performance of flaxseed biodiesel blend namely B10, B20, B30 and B40 are tested and the results are mentioned accordingly.
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Reddy, R. Bhaskar, and S. Sunilkumar Reddy. "INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FLAXSEED BIODIESEL BLENDS WITH TIO2 COATED PISTON ON A FOUR STROKE DI DIESEL ENGINE." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 46, no. 1 (May 11, 2017): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v46i1.32523.
Full textAbstract:
Diesel engines are being used extensively for fuel economy but due to gradual depletion of Petroleum resources and increase in exhaust emissions, there is an urgent need for suitable alternative fuels for the diesel engines. As our country is an agricultural country, if the alternate fuels are produced by our farmers it will be beneficial for the country and the farmers also. In recent studies, researchers studied various vegetable oils like canola oil, alovera oil, soya been oil, flaxseed oil and hone oil etc. Out of all flaxseed oil play an important role as an alternative fuel. But the properties of flaxseed oil are not suitable for the usage in the existing diesel engines without blending with diesel fuel. The performance of the engine depends on the combustion phenomenon and it further depends on the amount of heat retained in the combustion chamber. Hence the present work is planned accordingly to develop an insulated engine by coating the piston with TIO2material. So that more amount of heat will be retained in the combustion chamber which aids the combustion. Further the performance of flaxseedbiodiesel blend namely B10, B20, B30 and B40 are tested and the results are mentioned accordingly.
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Khan, T. M. Yunus. "A Review of Performance-Enhancing Innovative Modifications in Biodiesel Engines." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174395.
Full textAbstract:
The ever-increasing demand for transport is sustained by internal combustion (IC) engines. The demand for transport energy is large and continuously increasing across the globe. Though there are few alternative options emerging that may eliminate the IC engine, they are in a developing stage, meaning the burden of transportation has to be borne by IC engines until at least the near future. Hence, IC engines continue to be the prime mechanism to sustain transportation in general. However, the scarcity of fossil fuels and its rising prices have forced nations to look for alternate fuels. Biodiesel has been emerged as the replacement of diesel as fuel for diesel engines. The use of biodiesel in the existing diesel engine is not that efficient when it is compared with diesel run engine. Therefore, the biodiesel engine must be suitably improved in its design and developments pertaining to the intake manifold, fuel injection system, combustion chamber and exhaust manifold to get the maximum power output, improved brake thermal efficiency with reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions that are compatible with international standards. This paper reviews the efforts put by different researchers in modifying the engine components and systems to develop a diesel engine run on biodiesel for better performance, progressive combustion and improved emissions.
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Edison, B. "Characteristics of Petroleum Fuels and Determination of (possible) Adulterants in Petrol/Gasoline by using Gas Chromatography (Petrocol Column)." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 4, no. 2 (August 2, 2005): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.7.5.
Full textAbstract:
This study explains a few aspects about the characteristics of the fuels like Motor gasoline, diesel and kerosene. Adulteration in the motor gasoline has been analyzed and methods to find the adulterants is explained here. Adulteration in the motor gasoline can be find out using "Gas Chromatography". This study also explains the role of the solvents as the adulterants.
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Shrivastava, N., S. N. Varma, and M. Pandey. "Experimental Study on the Production of Karanja Oil Methyl Ester and Its Effect on Diesel Engine." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 1, no. 3 (November 3, 2012): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.1.3.115-122.
Full textAbstract:
Fast depletion of fossil fuel resources forces the extensive research on the alternative fuels. Vegetable oils edible or non edible can be a better substitute for the petroleum diesel. Karanja, a non edible oil can be a potential source to replace the diesel fuel. To investigate the feasibility of Karanja oil as an alternative diesel fuel, its biodiesel was prepared through the transesterification process. The Biodiesel was then subjected to performance and emission tests in order to assess its actual performance, when used as a diesel engine fuel. The data generated for the 20, 50 and 100 percent blended biodiesel were compared with base line data generated for neat diesel fuel. Result showed that the Biodiesel and its blend showed lower thermal efficiency. Emission of Carbon monoxide, unburned Hydrocarbon and smoke was found to be reduced where as oxides of nitrogen was higher with biodiesel and its blends. Keywords: alternate Diesel fuel; Biodiesel; Karanja oil methyl ester; performance and emission
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NIEWCZAS, Andrzej, Leszek GIL, and Piotr IGNACIUK. "Chosen aspects of biofuel usage on the example of camelina oil methyl ester." Combustion Engines 148, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117056.
Full textAbstract:
Camelina is the oil plant, from which the oil subjected to the esterification process can be used as motor fuel to diesel engines or as a bio-component added to traditional fuels. This fuel can be considered as a renewable fuel that can be bio-component for petroleum fuels. The article describes the characteristics of this fuel, and presents selected results of engine tests of camelina oil methyl ester compared with diesel fuel and rapeseed oil methyl esters. The interesting results that would require in the future to increase the interest in this type of fuel were obtained.
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Gattamaneni, Rao, Saravanan Subramani, Sampath Santhanam, and Rajagopal Kuderu. "Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with rice bran oil methyl ester and its diesel blends." Thermal Science 12, no. 1 (2008): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0801139g.
Full textAbstract:
There has been a worldwide interest in searching for alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels due to their depletion as well as due to the concern for the environment. Vegetable oils have capability to solve this problem because they are renewable and lead to reduction in environmental pollution. The direct use of vegetable oils as a diesel engine fuel is possible but not preferable because of their extremely higher viscosity, strong tendency to polymerize and bad cold start properties. On the other hand, Biodiesels, which are derived from vegetable oils, have been recently recognized as a potential alternative to diesel oil. This study deals with the analysis of rice bran oil methyl ester (RBME) as a diesel fuel. RBME is derived through the transesterification process, in which the rice bran oil reacts with methanol in the presence of KOH. The properties of RBME thus obtained are comparable with ASTM biodiesel standards. Tests are conducted on a 4.4 kW, single-cylinder, naturally aspirated, direct-injection air-cooled stationary diesel engine to evaluate the feasibility of RBME and its diesel blends as alternate fuels. The ignition delay and peak heat release for RBME and its diesel blends are found to be lower than that of diesel and the ignition delay decreases with increase in RBME in the blend. Maximum heat release is found to occur earlier for RBME and its diesel blends than diesel. As the amount of RBME in the blend increases the HC, CO, and soot concentrations in the exhaust decreased when compared to mineral diesel. The NOx emissions of the RBME and its diesel blends are noted to be slightly higher than that of diesel.
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Hamzah, Mohd Herzwan, Abdul Adam Abdullah, Agung Sudrajat, Nur Atiqah Ramlan, and Nur Fauziah Jaharudin. "Analysis of Combustion Characteristics of Waste Plastic Disposal Fuel (WPDF) and Tire Derived Fuel (TDF)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.600.
Full textAbstract:
The increase of industrial activities and motor vehicles globally causes rise demands in fossil fuel as energy sources. Since fossil fuel is non-renewable energy, many researches have been conducted to reduce the reliance to this fossil fuel. In conjunction, the number of waste plastic and tires around the world is increasing as a result of modern application and increasing number of motor vehicle. This type of waste is hard to decays and commonly dumped onto open landfills. Utilization of waste tires and plastics can produce alternative fuel that potentially can be used in diesel engine. In this paper, the combustion characteristics of two waste source fuels known as waste plastic disposal fuel (WPDF) and tire disposal fuel (TDF) are discussed. The combustion characteristics of both fuels are compared to diesel fuel. WPDF and TDF used in this experiment are pure concentrated and not blended with diesel fuel. The experiment is conducted using single cylinder YANMAR TF120M diesel engine. The engine is operated at constant load at 20 Nm and variable speed ranged from 1200 rpm to 2400 rpm. The combustion characteristics that discussed in this paper are ignition delay and peak pressure. Both characteristic are measured at two engine speed region which is low speed (1200 rpm) and high speed (2100 rpm). From the results obtained, it can be observed that WPDF has comparable ignition delay compared to diesel fuel while TDF has longest ignition delay compared to WPDF and diesel fuel. TDF also produce highest peak pressure compared to other tested fuels. Moreover, TDF is not suitable for high speed application since it cause backfire when engine speed reach 2200 rpm.
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Тарасов, Валерий, Valery Tarasov, Анатолий Соболенко, and Anatoly Sobolenko. "Impact of performance properties of regenerated engine oil on marine diesel wear when it runs on different grades of fuel." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2019, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2019-4-71-81.
Full textAbstract:
The article focuses on studying the operational properties of regenerated engine oils in terms of the impact on the wear of friction units of the trunk diesel engine when it works on the fuel of different grades. There have been built generalized models of marine diesel parts wear on the basis of experimental studies. Diesel 2Ч10,5/13 was used for experiments. Wear was determined by the method of artificial bases and by weighting. Four groups of the main indicators
of fuels used on ships have been considered (depending on the quality indicator). The first group includes distillate fuels and low-viscosity marine fuel which is close in its characteristics to foreign fuels. The second group includes motor fuel, naval fuel oil and export fuels (medium viscosity fuels). The third group presents high-viscosity marine fuel; the fourth group - fuels made from the remains of oil refining. The description of the generalized model of details wear of the tested diesel engine was carried out by a polynomial of the second order. To obtain the model, a non-position plan was chosen for three test variables: concentration of additives in oil, a fuel quality factor and a level of diesel forcing. The superposition of the hypersurfaces of the response of wear functions
of the internal combustion engine with diesel boosting factors at zero, lower, and upper levels with visualizing the effect on engine wear parameters depending on the additives concentration and quality of the fuel used in testing regenerated engine oil has been illustrated. Verification of the model's adequacy has proved that the model is adequate for machines with average effective pressure and a wide range of fuel grades. There has been given the possibility of using the obtained model to estimate the wear value at different values of parametric factors
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Markov, Vladimir, Vyacheslav Kamaltdinov, Larisa Bykovskaya, and Bowen Sa. "Performance of a diesel engine running on mixed biofuels with the addition of gasoline." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914011004.
Full textAbstract:
The significance of the paper is confirmed by the need to replace petroleum motor fuels with fuels produced from alternative energy sources. Biofuels derived from various vegetable resources are considered as promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. These fuels offer significant advantages with respect to the renewability of their raw materials and good emission performances when burned in ICEs. The main problem of using vegetable oils as biofuels for diesel engines is their high viscosity. This problem can be resolved by using mixed biofuels with the addition of gasoline. The analysis of physico-chemical properties of petroleum diesel fuel (DF) and mixed biofuels containing petroleum DF, rapeseed oil (RO) and AI-80 automotive gasoline was conducted. Experimental studies of the D-245.12S diesel fuelled with these mixed fuels were carried out. The mixed fuels were prepared from 80% DF + 20% RO, from 75% DF + 20% RO + 5% AI-80, and from 70% DF + 20% RO + 10% AI-80. It was shown that the addition of gasoline to mixed biofuels could improve two main toxicity indicators of exhaust gases exhaust gases smoke and emissions of nitrogen oxides. The best emission performance was achieved for the mixture of 70% DF, 20% RO and 10% AI-80. When the diesel engine was switched from the mixture of 80% DF and 20% RO to the mixture of 70% DF, 20% RO and 10% AI-80, the exhaust gases smoke at maximum torque mode decreased from 17.5 to 14.5% on the Hartridge scale, i.e. by 17.1%. The specific emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased from 6.559 to 6.154 g/(kW·h), i.e. by 6.2%.
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Dhanasekaran, C., and G. Mohankumar. "Hydrogen Gas in Diesel Engine Using DEE as Ignition Source." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.150.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past two decades considerable effort has been taken to develop and introduce new alternate source of energy for the conventional gasoline and diesel. Environmental pollution and uncertainty in cost of petroleum products are the principal driving forces for this movement. The major pollutants from an Diesel engine system are NOx, Smoke, particulate matter, Soot. Several alternative fuels were tried but all of them are carbon based fuels, therefore net carbon based pollutants cannot be reduced. One alternative to carbon-based fuels is hydrogen. Hydrogen a non-carbon fuel only can meet zero emission vehicles standards in future. Hydrogen can be commercially used as a fuel even though it is having a number of technical and economical barriers. Numerous techniques are available for use in C.I. engine such as dual fuel made, by using spark plug, glow plug, DEE as an ignition enhancer. Hydrogen was used in a diesel engine in the dual fuel mode-using diesel as an ignition source in neat form using DEE. In neat form the DEE was introduced in the manifold. In order to have a precise control of hydrogen flow and to avoid the backfire and pre – ignition problems hydrogen was injection in to intake manifold; DEE injection follows the hydrogen injection. DEE mixed with air and flows into the combustion chamber as DEE auto ignites first followed by hydrogen combustion. A single cylinder-four stroke water-cooled naturally aspirated constant speed D.I. diesel engine with a rated output of 3.7 kW at 1500 rpm was used for the experimental purpose. Measurements were taken with respect to the performance, combustion and emission studies.
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Jayakishan, B., R. Prakash, K. Kumarrathinam, and D. Christopher. "Performance and Emission Evaluation of a Compression Ignition Engine Using Agitated Diesel Fuel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.692.
Full textAbstract:
Enhancing the efficiency of normal diesel cycle and gasoline cycle is gaining more importance because of depleting fossil fuel resources and other environmental issues. In normal operation the efficiency of diesel cycle is about 37 - 44%. So diesel cycle efficiency should be increased or otherwise it should be replaced with alternate fuels. Increasing the efficiency of the cycle leads to lower fuel consumption and other economic benefits. Thermal efficiency of the diesel mainly depends on compression ratio and combustion parameters such as injection timing, injection pressure and ignition delay period. Thermal efficiency also depends on fuel properties such as viscosity, density and cetane number (CN). This paper discuss about the performance evaluation of diesel fuel in a CI engine when the fuel properties are pre-enhanced by crystal agitation. In this experiment different size (Micro and Nano) SiO2 crystals are used with commercial diesel fuel in the storage tank and the performance and emission test are conducted. Results of these samples are compared with neat diesel fuel performance.
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Springer, K. J. "Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Qualification: A National Need." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906508.
Full textAbstract:
Periodically, there is discussion between engine and vehicle manufacturers and petroleum companies regarding fuels with new and different characteristics to match the needs of spark and compression-ignited engines. The most recent discussions are related to legislation and regulations that will possibly require fuels to be reformulated in the future. The objective will be to make fuels that, when burned in IC engines, emit pollution no greater than alternatives such as methanol or natural gas. The thesis of this paper is that a national fuel qualification could result in motor fuels that, when used in cars and trucks, would be environmentally acceptable. A speculated series of tests to qualify the fuel, one unleaded grade of gasoline, one type 2-D fuel for on-highway diesel trucks and buses, and one type 1-D fuel for city bases, is described. Once qualified, the refiner would certify that the fuel dispensed is in all material respects identical to the prototype fuel qualified. The industry qualification would be good for, say, five years or until the fuel was reformulated. Such a procedure would be industry regulated through periodic audit as well as self-audit provisions to assure fuel quality is maintained at the dispensing pump. Most of the needed procedures are available for such qualification. It remains for the manufacturers and refiners to agree on the need to reformulate gasoline and diesel fuel, develop pass/fail limits for acceptance, and establish a qualification approval protocol. An approach to demonstrate improved performance and emissions is suggested.
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Lebedevas, Sergejus, and Galina Lebedeva. "THE PROBLEMS OF USING ALCOHOL BIOFUEL MIXTURES IN THE LITHUANIAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM." TRANSPORT 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2009.24.58-65.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the technological aspects of the problems aimed at using alcohol biofuel mixtures in diesel engines kept in operation in Lithuania concerning a gradual replacement of fuel oils with biofuels. It is shown that three‐component fuels such as D‐RME‐E possess the motor characteristics close to mineral diesel fuel. The use of the EC standardized rapeseed oil methyl esters RME as a solvent allows compensating the unfavorable motor characteristics of ethanol E and increasing the number of biocomponents in the fuel at the same time. The key aspects of research on the indicator process and the operating characteristics of diesel engines running on alcohol biofuel mixtures are substantiated.
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Hari Prasad, Tarigonda, P. Mallikarjuna Rao, and R. Meenakshi Reddy. "Comparison of Performance of Diesel and LPG Blends in Dual Fuel Engine with Tallow Methyl Ester (TME) as a Fuel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1869.
Full textAbstract:
Bio-diesel manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats and used cooking oils is an alternative fuel for diesel engines. It offers many advantages such as renewable, energy efficient, nontoxic, sulfur free and bio-degradable, and also offers cleaner combustion and reduces global warming gas emissions. Experiments are conducted by fuelling the diesel engine with bio-diesel with LPG blends. The engine is properly modified to operate under dual fuel operation using LPG as the mixed fuel along with Diesel and TME as ignition source. The brake thermal efficiency of TME with LPG (2LPM) blend is increased at an average of 5%.HC emissions of TME with LPG (2LPM) blend is reduced by about at an average 21%. CO emissions of TME with LPG (2LPM) blends are reduced at an average of 33.6%. NOx emissions of TME with LPG (2LPM) blend are reduced at an average of 4.4%. Smoke Opacity of TME with LPG (2LPM) blend is reduced at an average of 10%. Keywords Biodiesel, diesel engine, alternate fuels, tallow oil and methyl esters of tallow oil, LPG
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Lim, Setiadi Alim, and Lilik Indrawati. "Analisis Tarif Dan Besarnya Pajak Bahan Bakar Kendaraan Bermotor Di Indonesia." BIP's : JURNAL BISNIS PERSPEKTIF 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37477/bip.v11i2.135.
Full textAbstract:
Fossil-fueled motor vehicles play an important role in supporting the economicactivities of society. Besides having a positive effect on a country's economicgrowth, the operation of fossil-fueled motor vehicles also has a negative impact.These negative effects impose costs on society which are usually known asexternal costs and consist of air pollution costs, congestion costs, accident costs, noise costs and climate change costs. Conceptually, the external costs ofoperating these fossil fuel vehicles must be charged to motor vehicle usersthrough the imposition of various taxes, one of which can be in the form of MotorVehicle Fuel Tax. In Indonesia the Motor Vehicle Fuel Tax is levied as a RegionalTax at a rate of 5% of the Selling Value of Motor Vehicle Fuel and is notdifferentiated for petrol or diesel fuels. Research conducted shows that the MotorVehicle Fuel Tax that is collected in Indonesia is still too small, both from itsabsolute value and its tariffs, when compared with European countries, OECDand non OECD member countries and countries in the Southeast Asia Region. Inaddition, the value of the Motor Vehicle Fuel Tax collected is still insufficient to cover the external costs of operating a fossil-fueled motorized vehicle. Therefore,the tax rates for motor vehicle fuels in Indonesia must be increased and the ratesmust be separated between gasoline fuel which must be higher than diesel fuel.
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Lim, Setiadi Alim, and Lilik Indrawati. "Analisis Tarif Dan Besarnya Pajak Bahan Bakar Kendaraan Bermotor Di Indonesia." BIP's JURNAL BISNIS PERSPEKTIF 11, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37477/bip.v11i2.17.
Full textAbstract:
Fossil-fueled motor vehicles play an important role in supporting the economicactivities of society. Besides having a positive effect on a country's economicgrowth, the operation of fossil-fueled motor vehicles also has a negative impact.These negative effects impose costs on society which are usually known asexternal costs and consist of air pollution costs, congestion costs, accident costs, noise costs and climate change costs. Conceptually, the external costs ofoperating these fossil fuel vehicles must be charged to motor vehicle usersthrough the imposition of various taxes, one of which can be in the form of MotorVehicle Fuel Tax. In Indonesia the Motor Vehicle Fuel Tax is levied as a RegionalTax at a rate of 5% of the Selling Value of Motor Vehicle Fuel and is notdifferentiated for petrol or diesel fuels. Research conducted shows that the MotorVehicle Fuel Tax that is collected in Indonesia is still too small, both from itsabsolute value and its tariffs, when compared with European countries, OECDand non OECD member countries and countries in the Southeast Asia Region. Inaddition, the value of the Motor Vehicle Fuel Tax collected is still insufficient to cover the external costs of operating a fossil-fueled motorized vehicle. Therefore,the tax rates for motor vehicle fuels in Indonesia must be increased and the ratesmust be separated between gasoline fuel which must be higher than diesel fuel.
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Khakimov, J., M. Shatrov, and J. Turdiev. "INVESTIGATION OF DIESEL ENGINE`S WORKING PROCESS ON LIGHT FUEL." Technical science and innovation 2020, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.20.1-77-0047.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the investigation results of the working process of diesel on light fuel. Consumption of natural resources in the form of hydrocarbon fuels, which is steadily increasing in transport, the number of rolling stock, and combustion products of motor fuels cause environmental pollution. It is shown that the transition to cheaper alternative types of fuel, by its characteristics, not inferior to liquid motor fuels, is one of the options to reduce operating costs and harmful emissions. The scheme of classification of gas systems of fuel transfer is presented: by design of the system of filling and storage of gas; by quantity of the substituted basic fuel in the system of fuel supply; by method of dosing of fuel; by name and place of sending of a control signal; by design of the unit of decrease in pressure of gas; by design and a site of heating devices of a gas stream of a high pressure; by a method of ignition of a gas-air mix; by a method of change of indicators of working process; by an aggregate condition of used According to the results of theoretical and operational research of the gas engine based on a supercharged diesel engine: the necessity of using a gas injector power supply system has been established; the power and torque of the gas engine created on the basis of a supercharged diesel engine practically do not differ from that of the diesel engine, which is explained by a relatively high degree of compression for engines with spark ignition (ε=2); it has been shown that in the long term it is possible to use gas supply systems under pressure directly into the engine cylinder. As a result, the most affordable commercial alternative fuel for road transport in Uzbekistan turned out to be natural gas.
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Nam, Cao Dao, Danh Chan Nguyen, and Van Huong Dong. "Heating System for the use of Bio-Oils for Marine Engines." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.3.1211.
Full textAbstract:
Biofuel is a fuel made directly or indirectly from organic materials - biomass, consisting of two main sources from plants and animal waste, not from fossil sources such as oil, coal. At present, biofuels account for about 20% of global energy consumption. Particularly there are some countries, the use of biofuels is even bigger, such as Germany, Brazil, India ..., these are the leading countries in proving the availability and superiority of biofuels. Because fossil energy reserves are declining rapidly, as well as their use which has many consequences for habitat, bioenergy is an inevitable development for the future. Some typical types of biofuels that are widely known today include: bioethanol (bioetanol), biodiesel (biodiesel), green diesel (diesel), biological kerosene (biokerosen-or reactive fuel). biological forces), other biological alcohols (methanol, butanol), bio ether, biogas, syngas, solid biomass fuels. In fact, the two most important biofuels are bioetanol and biodiesel, because of the many properties they have: use for the two most common types of transport (gasoline and motor vehicles). Diesel engine has many properties similar to fossil fuels, but cleaner and cleaner; produced from abundant and renewable materials such as sugar, starch, animal and vegetable fats and oils. The paper presents the heating methods for the use of high-viscosity fuels for diesel engines.
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Plotnikov, S. A., and P. V. Gnevashev. "Determination of the optimal composition of mixed fuel based on environmental indicators of diesel engine." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 2 (2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-2-16-20.
Full textAbstract:
Alternative motor fuel is a mixture of various hydrocarbons and their compounds. Motor fuel is based on naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The performance characteristics of the fuel depend on its composition. When developing methods for monitoring the characteristics of fuels, the main problem is their multicomponent nature, since each component contributes to the operational characteristics. The operational characteristics are: cetane number, sulfur content, water-soluble acids and alkalis, lower heat of combustion and some others. To determine them, the combustion of diesel fuel (DF) and the subsequent analysis of the combustion products are carried out. The disadvantage of the existing method is the fact that it is impossible to quickly control the fuel at the place of operation, at a tank farm, a gas station, a process pipe or a vehicle fuel tank. When designing analyzers and measuring instruments the correlation dependences, which link the value of the operational property of the fuel with its physicochemical characteristics, are used. Taking into account the use of various types of alternative fuels (AT) with a wide range of their operational properties, the problem of a quick and accurate preliminary assessment of these proper-ties arises. Along with diesel fuel, it is proposed to use similar physicochemical methods to assess the flammability of alternative fuels.
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Kobyzhcha, N. I., V. S. Pyliavskyi, V. V. Sukhoveev, and V. I. Kashkovskyi. "Derivatives of pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones as components of additives to increase the lubricating properties of motor fuels." Catalysis and petrochemistry, no. 30 (2020): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2020.30.097.
Full textAbstract:
One of the important tasks of modern petrochemistry is the development of new additives that can improve the performance of motor fuels. With the expansion of the number of automotive and agricultural machinery and increasing its technical level, the demand for a wider range of petroleum products is increasing and, as well, the requirements for their quality are increasing. As the environmental and operational requirements for motor fuels are constantly increasing, it is necessary to find new, more efficient additives. The paper describes the synthesis of spirocyclic pyrimidine-2,4,6-trionеs by ring-closing metathesis reactions (RCM). This type of transformation is actively used in petrochemical and organic syntheses and allows to obtain compounds that are difficult to synthesize by conventional methods of organic chemistry. RCM conversion was performed using a Grubbs-Hoveyda catalyst in an amount of 5 mol. %. The compounds formed during the reaction were investigated as additives to motor fuels. Studies of the effect of synthesized spiropyrimidine-2,4,6-trione derivatives as additives on the tribological characteristics of ethanol and diesel fuel were evaluated on a four-ball tribometer in terms of critical load. At least three experiments were performed at each load. The error of the experiment was less than 5%. It was found that substances 2c and 2b increase the lubricating properties of ethanol - the critical load to the fuel burr when adding the synthesized compounds increased by 25%. Spiropyrimidine-2,4,6-trione 2b also had a positive effect on the lubricity of diesel fuel and had the effect of increasing the load to burr by 12% at a concentration of 0.032%. Thus, derivatives of spiropyrimidine-2,4,6-triones have proven to be promising compounds for the manufacture of motor fuels.