Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diesel motor – Alternate fuels

Academic literature on the topic 'Diesel motor – Alternate fuels'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Diesel motor – Alternate fuels"

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Tamilselvan, P., K. Vignesh, and N. Nallusamy. "Performance and Emission Studies of Biodiesel Fuelled Diesel Engines: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.797.

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As the decreasing availability of the fossil fuel is rising day by day, the search of alternate fuel that can be used as a substitute to the conventional fuels is rising rapidly. Especially, the exhaust gas emission by using fossil fuel insists on exploring the available sources of biofuel to provide an eco-friendly environment compared to that of fossil fuels. India depends mainly on imported fuels due to lack of fossil fuel reserves and it has a great impact on the economy. Biodiesel is one of the best available resources that has come to the forefront recently. Recent studies and research have made it possible to extract biodiesel at economical costs and quantities. The blend of biodiesel with fossil diesel has many benefits like reduction in emissions, lower engine wear, reduction in engine oil consumption and comparable thermal efficiency with diesel. It is also found that low fuel consumption and increase in thermal efficiency of engines for biodiesel fuels having higher calorific values than diesel. This paper reviews the performance and emission characteristics of various biodiesel fuels used in CI engine as alternate fuel. This study is based on the reports of biodiesel fuel published by different researchers.
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Gopinath, V., and P. Suresh. "Performance Evaluation of Diesel Engine Runs on Biodiesel Blending." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1719.

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Diesel plays a very important role in rapid depletion of conventional energy sources along with increasing demand and also major contributors of air pollutants. Diesel is used in the present days for engines and the invention of an alternative or a blend to the conventional diesel seems very essential to the energy crisis. Major portion of today's energy demand in India is with fossil fuels. Hence it is high time that alternate fuels for engines should be derived from indigenous sources. As India is an agricultural country, there is a wide scope for the production of corn oil from the germ of corn (maize). In this experiment, an attempt has been made to investigate four types of fuels are considered 100% Diesel, 90% Diesel+10% Corn oil Methyl Ester, 80% Diesel+20% Corn oil Methyl Ester, 70% Diesel+30% Corn oil Methyl Ester and 60% Diesel+40% Corn oil Methyl Ester. The various performance parameters like, brake thermal efficiency, Mechanical efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption were measured and analyzed. In the experiment it found the biodiesel blends gives comparable performance to diesel.
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Jayamurugan, M., and S. Rajkumar. "Modeling the Spray Characteristics of Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.846.

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Biodiesel is considered as one most of the promising alternate fuels for the diesel engines without any major engine modifications due to its similar properties that of diesel. However, it is imperative to study the fuel spray behavior and its effective distribution inside the engine which affect combustion and emission characteristics. Hence, a model will be a useful tool in analyzing the spray characteristics of different biodiesel fuels. Therefore, in this paper a numerical modeling is pursued to analyse the spray characteristics namely spray penetration, spray angle, and atomization of biodiesel. This model is likely to be useful for biodiesel combustion modeling.
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Kukfisz, Bożena. "Efficiency analysis of the sorbents use to absorb the vapors of selected diesel oil products during rescue and firefighting actions." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.051.

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The paper presents a comparison of products of combustion of conventional fuels and alternative fuels based on literature sources. Unfavorable balance of fossil fuels increased interest in alternative fuels that could replace the existing motor fuels. The paper presents the classification and selection factors of sorbents during rescue and firefighting actions of the State Fire Service. There is presented the correspondence analysis of the steam absorption capacity of chosen sorbent of the company Sintac®-Polska, i.e., Compakt® in relation to the sorbates, i.e., diesel oil Miles Plus Diesel Arctic, diesel oil Ekodiesel Ultra F and diesel oil B0 according to EN-590 10 ppm. It is assessed how sorbent absorbs chosen steams and it is presented the inter-relationship between the factors.
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Неверова, V. Neverova, Марков, V. Markov, Бовэнь, and Sa Boven. "Using Mustard Oil As an Ecological Additive to Petroleum Diesel Fuel." Safety in Technosphere 5, no. 5 (October 25, 2016): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24146.

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The depletion of oil fields and the deteriorating environmental situation leads to the need for the search of new alternative sources of energy. Actuality of the article due to the need for greater use of the alternative fuels in internal combustion engines is necessary. Fuels produced from vegetable oils and animal fats as advanced alternative fuels for diesel engines are considered. These fuels are produced from renewable raw materials and are characterized by good environmental qualities. Advantages of using fuels of vegetable origin as motor fuels are shown. Experimental research of diesel engine D-245.12S functioning on mixtures of diesel fuel and mustard oil of various percentage is given. One of the most wide spread vegetable oils in Russia is mustard oil. Possible ways of using mustard oil as fuel for a diesel engine are considered. An opportunity of improving characteristics of exhaust gases toxicity by using these mixtures as a fuel for automobile and tractor diesel engines is demonstrated.
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L. Vander Griend, M. E. Feldman, and C.L.Peterson. "Modeling Combustion Of Alternate Fuels In A D I Diesel Engine Using Kiva." Transactions of the ASAE 33, no. 2 (1990): 0342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31336.

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Konada, Naresh Kumar, K. N. S. Suma, and B. B. Ashok Kumar. "Experimental investigation on performance, smoke and exhaust gas analysis of four stroke diesel engine using pongomia/neem oil biodiesel." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (March 19, 2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v12i4.3.

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Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources led to the discovery of alternative fuels forinternal combustion engines. Many alternative fuels like alcohols, petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas have been alreadycommercialized in the transport sector. In the present work, Pongomia oil and Neem oil are blended with diesel and used as analternate fuel for CI engines. The Pongomia oil and Neem oil can be converted into bio diesel using a chemical process of trans- esterification.Different proportions of fuel blends have been produced by the process of blending bio diesel consisting of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% (B10, B15, B20, B25, B30). The fuel properties of each blend are determined. The load test along with smoke and exhaust gas analysis of 4- Stroke Diesel engine using the blends of Pongomia oil and Neem oil with diesel are done in this study. The performance parameters of an engine are calculated for different blends. The sustainability of using alternate fuels in Diesel engines, especially the potential use of Pongomia oil and Neem oil as biodiesel have been brought to the fore through this work and suitable blends of bio diesel is suggested from the results. Keywords: 4-Stroke Diesel Engine, Pongomia and Neem oil Bo diesel, Performance, Smoke and exhaust gas analysis.
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Sankar, V. V. Arun, AP Arun Pravin, and P. Suresh. "Load and Emission Characteristics of Pongamia Pinnata Oil in ACI Engine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.24 (April 25, 2018): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.24.12150.

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As the world is running on fossil fuels there has been an ever increase in the depletion rate of these fuels. A promising and a best alternate to the fossil fuel is vegetable oils. Pongamia Pinnata oil is non edible in nature and is available abundantly in India. An experimental investigation is made to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics on a compression ignition engine by using methyl ester of pongamia with mineral diesel in different proportions. Pongamia methyl ester was blended with diesel in proportions of 50% and 100% by mass and the results are tabulated and evaluated under various test conditions. The performance parameters were found to be very close to that of mineral diesel. The brake thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency were better than mineral diesel for some specific blending ratios under certain loads. The Efficiency and emission characteristics were also studied and levels of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and hydrocarbons were found to be equal than pure diesel.
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Magaril, E. R., and R. Z. Magaril. "EFFECT OF DENSITY OF FUELS ON THE OPERATIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTOR VEHICLES." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2016-6-108-116.

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Negative influence of the increased density of motor fuels on ecological and on operational characteristics of motor transport is proved. The complex of the technological solutions, aimed to decrease the density of the fuels, which are used, including a change of a ratio of capacities of oil processing, temperature range of boiling of gasoline and diesel fractions, introduction of additives into fuels and addition of butanes to gasolines is offered.
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Verma, Puneet, Svetlana Stevanovic, Ali Zare, Gaurav Dwivedi, Thuy Chu Van, Morgan Davidson, Thomas Rainey, Richard J. Brown, and Zoran D. Ristovski. "An Overview of the Influence of Biodiesel, Alcohols, and Various Oxygenated Additives on the Particulate Matter Emissions from Diesel Engines." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101987.

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Rising pollution levels resulting from vehicular emissions and the depletion of petroleum-based fuels have left mankind in pursuit of alternatives. There are stringent regulations around the world to control the particulate matter (PM) emissions from internal combustion engines. To this end, researchers have been exploring different measures to reduce PM emissions such as using modern combustion techniques, after-treatment systems such as diesel particulate filter (DPF) and gasoline particulate filter (GPF), and alternative fuels. Alternative fuels such as biodiesel (derived from edible, nonedible, and waste resources), alcohol fuels (ethanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol), and fuel additives have been investigated over the last decade. PM characterization and toxicity analysis is still growing as researchers are developing methodologies to reduce particle emissions using various approaches such as fuel modification and after-treatment devices. To address these aspects, this review paper studies the PM characteristics, health issues, PM physical and chemical properties, and the effect of alternative fuels such as biodiesel, alcohol fuels, and oxygenated additives on PM emissions from diesel engines. In addition, the correlation between physical and chemical properties of alternate fuels and the characteristics of PM emissions is explored.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diesel motor – Alternate fuels"

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White, Timothy Ross Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Simultaneous diesel and natural gas injection for dual-fuelling compression-ignition engines." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25233.

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The introduction of alternative fuels such as natural gas is likely to occur at an increasing rate. The dual-fuel concept allows these low cetane number fuels to be used in compression-ignition (CI, diesel) type engines. Most CI engine conversions have pre-mixed the alternative fuel with air in the intake manifold while retaining diesel injection into the cylinder for ignition. The advantage is that it is simple for practical adaptation; the disadvantage is that good substitution levels are only obtained at midload. A better solution is to inject both the alternative and diesel fuels directly into the cylinder. Here, the fuel in the end-zone is limited and the diesel, injected before the alternative, has only a conventional ignition delay. This improves the high-end performance. Modern, very high pressure diesel injectors have good turndown characteristics as well as better controllability. This improves low-end performance and hence offers an ideal platform for a dual-fuel system. Several systems already exist, mainly for large marine engines but also a few for smaller, truck-sized engines. For the latter, the key is to produce a combined injector to handle both fuels which has the smallest diameter possible so that installation is readily achieved. There exists the potential for much improvement. A combined gas/diesel injection system based on small, high pressure common-rail injectors has been tested for fluid characteristics. Spray properties have been examined experimentally in a test rig and modelled using CFD. The CFD package Fluent was used to model the direct-injection of natural gas and diesel oil simultaneously into an engine. These models were initially calibrated using high-speed photographic visualisation of the jets. Both shadowgraph and schlieren techniques were employed to identify the gas jet itself as well as mixing regions within the flow. Different orientations and staging of the jets with respect to each other were simulated. Salient features of the two fuel jets were studied to optimise the design of a dual-fuel injector for CI engines. Analysis of the fuel-air mixture strength during the injection allowed the ignition delay to be estimated and thus the best staging of the jets to be determined.
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Hui, Lai-yee, and 許麗儀. "Alternative fuels and reduction of air pollution in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254883.

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Hui, Lai-yee. "Alternative fuels and reduction of air pollution in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23424916.

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Ng, Bing Benson. "Cleaner alternative fuels for vehicles a cleaner future for Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23426044.

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Tsui, Bing-cheung, and 徐秉璋. "LPG vehicles: will they replace small diesel vehicles in Hong Kong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254123.

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Ng, Bing Benson, and 吳賓. "Cleaner alternative fuels for vehicles: a cleaner future for Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255036.

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Sinuka, Yonwaba. "Performance testing of a diesel engine running on varying blends of jatropha oil, waste cooking oil and diesel fuel." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2436.

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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
The high cost of fossil fuels and the fact that the world has arguably reached its peak oil production, has driven the need to seek alternative fuel sources. The main objective of the current study is to determine the performance of a laboratory-mounted diesel engine when fuelled with varying laboratory prepared biofuel and biodiesel and whether the advancement of the injection timing parameters will improve the engine power output and improve the smoke effect of these different fuel blends. The laboratory prepared biofuels used in this project range from 100% bio-fuel (BF100) to 50%, 30% and 10% biodiesel blends (BF50, BF30 and BF10, respectively). It should be noted that these blends are not commercially available, since they were blended in the laboratory specifically for these tests. The overall results of the study show that there is a distinct opportunity for using certain bio-fuel blends in specific applications as the power outputs are no more than one quarter less than that of base diesel. Concomitantly, the smoke opacity in all of the blends is lower than that of base diesel, which is a significant benefit in terms of their overall air emissions.
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溫雅惠 and Ah-wai Angie Wan. "A policy analysis of the liquefied petroleum gas vehicles scheme in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967048.

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Toral, del Rio Maria Isabel. "An analysis of the influence of phosphorus poisoning on the exhaust emission after treatement systems of light-duty diesel vehicles." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/697.

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Climate change has become a discussion topic of exponentially increasing urgency and importance amoung world leaders of all disciplines. These changes are brought about by the emission of so-called Greenhouse gases from various human activities. The primary cause of CO2 emissions is the burning of the Earth’s supply of nonrenewable natural fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. The world first agreed on the prevention of “dangerous” climatic changes at the Earth Summit in 1992. The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 was the first step toward protection of the atmosphere and prescribes restrictions on emission pollutants. Since then the vehicle gas emissions are being controlled by means of different gas emissions norms, like the European Union Norm in Europe. The automotive manufacturers and suppliers are collectively working on reducing overall vehicle emissions. They are focusing on several different emission limiting possibilities, for example improved engine design, special fuel development and exhaust gas treatment systems. The exhaust gas treatment process requires continuous controlling and management of the exhaust gas emissions while driving a vehicle. Certain factors such as high emission temperatures have a negative influence on the life span of these systems. Their functionality and durability is also known to be reduced by the presence of chemical poisoning species like sulphur, phosphorus, zinc and calcium. The chemical poisoning species are produced during combustion of fuel and engine oil. They are therefore contained in the exhaust emissions and can poison the catalyst when passing over it. Phosphorous poisoning is particularly problematic and should be reduced considerably. This study involves the investigation of the phosphorous poisoning process and aims to provide clarity regarding the influences of different fuel and oil compositions on the severity of the process. Engine oil and biodiesel are two major sources of phosphorous poisoning. The phosphorus contained in biodiesel fuel is a natural component and can be minimized during the refining procedure. In contrast to others studies, the biodiesel fuel used during this project was SME (Soya Methyl Ester) with a 20% biodiesel content. This choice of fuel was made because of the increasingly important role that this type of biodiesel is playing in the European market and the future tendency to increase the percentage of biodiesel in the mixture with standard diesel fuel. The phosphorus contained in engine oil is a necessary additive to retain the antioxidant and anti-wear properties of the oil. This study examined the poisoning influences from the most commonly used phosphorus containing oil additive, Zinc Dithiophosphates (ZDDP), as well as a Zn-free, phosphorus containing anti-wear oil additive. This formulation provides information about the phosphorus poisoning process as caused by the engine oil in the absence of Zn in the oil additives. The results show how the phosphorus content in biodiesel fuel affects the functionality of the exhaust gas treatment systems and the importance of reducing the permitted content of phosphorus contained in the fuel. Reducing the phosphorus content in the fuel will conserve the functionality of the exhaust gas treatment systems during their operational life and thereby protect the environmental from emission pollutants. It also provides insight into the differences in the poisoning processes when the phosphorus deposited on the catalyst comes from biodiesel fuel and when it comes from the engine oil. Finally the results also illustrate the influence of different phosphorous forms contained in engine oil additives on the catalyst poisoning process. This information could be used for the development of new oil additive formulations.
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Toback, Andrew Todd. "The effect of alternative fuels and aftertreatment devices on measured mobile school bus emissions /." Full text available online, 2007. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.

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Books on the topic "Diesel motor – Alternate fuels"

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Flechtner, Maura K. Biodiesel fuel: What is it? Can it compete? [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1993.

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Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition (12th 1989 Houston, Tex.). Coal-fueled diesel engines: Presented at the Twelfth Annual Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, January 22-25, 1989. New York, N.Y. (345 E. 47th St., New York 10017): American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989.

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Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition (12th 1989 Houston, Tex.). Coal-fueled diesel engines: Presented at the twelfth Annual Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas January 22-25, 1989. NewYork, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988.

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Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition (14th 1991 Houston, Tex.). Coal-fueled diesel engines, 1991: Presented at the Fourteenth Annual Energy-Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas January 20-23, 1991. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991.

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Workshop on Reformulated Fuels (1994 Vancouver, B.C.). Workshop on Reformulated Fuels: Summary of proceedings, April 18-19, 1994, Vancouver, British Columbia. Victoria, B.C: Environmental Policy Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks, 1994.

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Schnakenberg, George H. Review of technology available to the underground mining industry for control of diesel emissions. Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 2002.

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Holan, Ray L. Sliding home: A complete guide to driving your diesel on straight vegetable oil. 6th ed. Cleveland, Ohio: Ray L. Holan, 2006.

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Holan, Ray L. Sliding home: A complete guide to driving your diesel on straight vegetable oil. Mayfield village, OH]: R.L. Holan, 2005.

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Virginia. Dept. of Environmental Quality. Virginia biodiesel environmental compliance primer. [Richmond, Va.]: Virginia Dept. of Environmental Quality, 2008.

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Alternative motor fuels: A nontechnical guide. Tulsa, Okla: PennWell Pub., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diesel motor – Alternate fuels"

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Devyanin, Sergey Nikolaevich, Vladimir Anatolyevich Markov, and Andrei Alexandrovich Savastenko. "Obtaining and Using Biogas in Agricultural Production." In Handbook of Research on Smart Computing for Renewable Energy and Agro-Engineering, 196–221. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1216-6.ch008.

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In recent years, an increased interest has been shown in fuels derived from renewable energy resources of animal and vegetable origin, raw materials of which are practically unlimited. The use of biofuels makes it possible not only to replace petroleum motor fuels with alternative ones, but also to improve exhaust gas toxicity indicators (as a rule, there is a marked decrease in emissions of toxic exhaust gas components). This work is devoted to the study of the possibilities of solving these problems in order to adapt diesel to biogas, a theoretical study of ways to create an experimental model of a power plant for generating electricity from biogas, a theoretical study on the processes occurring in the main components of the plant being developed and the creation of this plant.
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Brownstein, Arthur M. "Diesel Fuel." In Renewable Motor Fuels, 67–75. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800970-3.00007-8.

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Debbarma, Sohana, and Geetanjali Kaushik. "Assessing the impact of Transportation on Climate Change." In Handbook of Research on Environmental Policies for Emergency Management and Public Safety, 275–99. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3194-4.ch015.

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India's North-East Region has greater demand for road and personalized modes of transport powered by fossil fuels. And due to emissions, there has been evidence of climate change. It has been found that diesel cars cause greater emissions (per kilometer travelled) as compared to petrol cars; therefore, the use of diesel should be discouraged. The chapter suggests that the emissions in case of public transport passenger-km are lesser than other modes of transport. However, in the North-East Region, there is negligible share of public transport due to poor infrastructure and service facilities. Therefore, improvements should be made with regard to public transport system so that considerable number of passengers shifts to public transport modes. Further, it is inferred that use of alternate vehicle or fuel technologies like hybrid electric vehicles, biofuel, biodiesel, hydrogen fuel need to be initiated to mitigate the climate change.
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Shcheklein, Sergey Evgenevich, and Alexei Mihailovich Dubinin. "Electrical and Heat Power Production Using the Products of Air Conversion of Motor Diesel Fuel and Electrochemical Generator for Agricultural Consumers." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 66–87. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9179-5.ch003.

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At present, the production of electricity for agricultural consumers remote from the centralized electrical power grid is carried out using diesel-generator technology with a limited service life of engines and extremely low efficiency of the expensive fuel used. In this chapter, an innovative technology has been considered for the combined electrical and heat power production using the preliminary conversion of diesel fuel into synthesis gas with its subsequent supply to a high temperature electrochemical generator (ECG). Synthesis gas for the operation of the electrochemical generator was produced by air conversion of motor diesel fuels in a catalytic burner reactor. On the basis of heat balances of the burner, ECG and waste-heat boiler-utilizer, electrical efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cells' (SOFC) battery, chemical efficiency of the burner, the temperature at the SOFC anode, the EMF of the planar cell, a portion of hydrogen oxidized at the SOFC anode, specific consumption of diesel fuel for the production of electrical and heat power were calculated.
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Conference papers on the topic "Diesel motor – Alternate fuels"

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Murugan, S., M. C. Ramaswamy, and G. Nagarajan. "Tyre Pyrolysis Oil as an Alternate Fuel for Diesel Engines." In 2005 SAE Brasil Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2190.

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Ghosh, Sujit, Tom Risley, David Sobolewski, William Welch, and Sherry Williams. "Marine Alternative Fuel Performance Testing." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81239.

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As part of the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) marine application of alternative fuel initiative, the U.S. Navy provided neat hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD), derived from the hydroprocessing of algal oils, for operational and exhaust emission testing onboard the T/S STATE OF MICHIGAN. This vessel has diesel-electric propulsion with four caterpillar D-398 compression ignition engines; one of these ship service diesel engines was selected as the test engine. The diesel generator sets power both the propulsion motors propelling the ship and provide the electrical power for the hotel loads of the ship. Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) was blended with the neat HRD fuel in a 50/50-by-volume blend and tested for over 440 hours on the vessel. Exhaust emissions testing was performed while underway on Lake Michigan using the baseline ULSD assessed earlier. A similar profile was run using the blended test fuel. Emission testing was conducted using the ISO 8178 (D2) test cycle. When emissions testing was completed a series of underway and pierside test runs were conducted to accumulate the remaining engine hours, After all testing, the engine conditions were assessed again using a combination of visual inspection and oil analysis. The remainder of the test fuel will be used to conduct a long-term stability test. The setup, test, and results of this testing, currently underway, are reported here with a discussion of MARAD’s alternative fuels test initiative.
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Daly, Daniel T., and Pratyush Nag. "Combustion Modeling of Soot Reduction in Diesel and Alternate Fuels using CHEMKIN®." In SAE 2001 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1239.

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Meyer, Richard T., Raymond A. DeCarlo, Steve D. Pekarek, Jing Sun, and Hyeongjun Park. "Hybrid Optimal Power Management of a Ship." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38181.

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Power management of a ship’s electrical system has become important due to increasing loads from manpower-reducing automation, greater power requirements of advanced weapons and sensors, introduction of all electric propulsion, and the increasing cost of oil-based fossil fuels. A coordinated power management strategy of the ship’s electric power grid is desired to optimally allocate power flows and minimize fuel consumption. This paper develops such an optimal power management system for an interconnected, supervisory-level ship power system model based upon a ship power system test bed developed for the Office of Naval Research. The ship power system consists of two electrical generators, one rated at 59 kW to represent a gas turbine engine-generator pair and the other rated at 11 kW to represent a diesel generator, an 8 kW pulsed power load that represents the discharge and charge of a capacitor bank for an electromagnetic railgun system, and 37 kW ship propulsion system comprised of an induction motor coupled to the propeller shaft. The ship propulsion system’s induction motor has switched operation with two modes of operation, propelling and generating; the latter mode means that excess kinetic energy during ship slowing can be used to charge the capacitor bank for loads such as pulsed power loads. Given the switched system model, the paper sets forth a hybrid model predictive control strategy based on a minimization of a performance index that trades off fuel consumption, velocity tracking error, and electrical bus voltage error. The optimization is performed using a relaxed representation of the control problem (termed the embedding method) and collocation for discretization with traditional numerical programming to compute the mode and continuous control inputs. The methodology avoids the computational complexity associated with alternative approaches, e.g., mixed-integer programming. Numerical optimization is performed with MATLAB’s sqpLineSearch. To demonstrate the power management approach, a scenario is simulated where the ship is to follow a changing desired velocity while simultaneously maintaining the bus voltage at a desired value, keeping the 11 kW generator at a fuel efficient operating point, and minimizing the fuel use of the 59 kW generator.
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5

Mooney, John, and Joe Wolfgang. "Save the Diesel Fueled Engine: A Clean Diesel Engine with Catalytic Aftertreatment - The Alternative to Alternate Fuels." In Earthmoving Industry Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/931182.

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Unsworth, J. F., C. J. J. den Ouden, D. L. Simm, and G. J. Wilson. "Fuel Quality Effects on Oxidation Exhaust Catalysts in Light-Duty Diesel Motor Vehicles." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961183.

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7

Ferrone, Christopher W. "The Feeding Habits of Diesel Engines: A Review of Alternate Fuels for the Fleet Operator." In International Truck & Bus Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/912666.

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8

Yaïci, Wahiba, and Hajo Ribberink. "Feasibility Study of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Compressed Renewable/Natural Gas Vehicles in Canada." In ASME 2020 14th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2020-1617.

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Abstract Concerns about environmental degradation and finite natural resources necessitate cleaner sources of energy for use in the transportation sector. In Canada, natural gas is currently being appraised as a potential alternative fuel for use in vehicles for both medium and heavy-duty use due to its relatively lower costs compared to that of conventional fuels. The idea of compressed natural gas vehicles (CNGVs) is being mooted as inexpensive for fleet owners and especially because it will potentially significantly reduce harmful emissions into the environment. A short feasibility study was conducted to ascertain the potential for reduced emissions and savings opportunities presented by CNGVs in both medium and heavy-duty vehicles. The study which is discussed in the present paper was carried out on long-haul trucking and refuse trucks respectively. Emphasis was laid on individual vehicle operating economics and emissions reduction, and the identification of practical considerations for both the individual application and CNGVs as a whole. A financial analysis of the annual cost savings that is achievable when an individual diesel vehicle is replaced with a CNG vehicle was also presented. This paper drew substantial references from published case studies for relevant data on maintenance costs, fuel economy, range, and annual distance travelled. It relied on a summary report from Argonne National Laboratory’s GREET (Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation) [1] for its discussion on relative fuel efficiency penalties for heavy-duty CNGVs. The fuel cost figures were mostly drawn from motor fuel data of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation, since the Ministry is one of the few available sources of compressed natural gas fuel prices. Finally, the GHGenius life-cycle analysis tool [2] was employed to determine fuel-cycle emissions in Canada for comparison purposes. The study produced remarkable findings. Results showed that compared to diesel-fuelled vehicles, emissions in CNG heavy-and-medium-duty vehicles reduced by up to 8.7% (for well-to-pump) and 11.5% (for pump-to-wheels) respectively. Overall, the most beneficial use/application appeared to be long-haul trucking based on the long distances covered and higher fuel economy achieved (derived from economies of scale), while refuse trucks appeared to have relatively marginal annual savings. However, these annual savings are actually a conservative estimate which will ultimately be modified/determined by a number of factors that are likely to be predisposed in favour of natural gas vehicles. Significantly, the prospect of using renewable natural gas as fuel was found to be a factor for improving the value proposition of refuse trucks in particular, certainly from an emissions standpoint with a reduction of up to 100%, but speculatively from operational savings as well.
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9

Som, Sibendu, and Douglas E. Longman. "Nozzle Flow Characteristics of Alternate Fuels for Compression Ignition Engine Applications." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81078.

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Inner nozzle flow characteristics (e.g., cavitation, turbulence, injection velocity) are known to affect spray development and hence combustion and emissions. Our previous studies showed that petrodiesel and biodiesel (soybean-based fuels) had very different cavitation and turbulence characteristics, which caused differences in spray breakup, penetration, dispersion, etc. Specifically, the atomization characteristics of biodiesel were worse than those of diesel; they were a direct consequence of biodiesel’s reduced cavitation and turbulence levels at the nozzle exit. In this study, the nozzle flow characteristics of biodiesel (from different feedstocks like tallow, soy, rapeseed, cuphea, and hydrotreated vegetable oil [HVO]) were compared with those of diesel. The first step was to obtain data on the physical properties of these fuels (e.g., their density, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure) at different temperatures. At full-needle open position, the cavitation contours scaled with the vapor pressure and viscosity; hence, methyl esters such as soy (SME), rapeseed (RME), and tallow (TME) exhibited less cavitation. The nozzle discharge coefficient, exit velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation rate at the orifice exit were also compared for these fuels. Transient effects due to needle movement upon the inception of cavitation were studied. The effects of different needle-lift profiles (pertaining to various load conditions) on the nozzle flow development of these fuels were also characterized. This study also provides data on the critical boundary conditions for spray simulations from using the Kelvin Helmholtz-aerodynamic cavitation turbulence (KH-ACT) model, which accounts for cavitation and turbulence-induced breakup in addition to aerodynamic breakup.
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Ziejewski, Mariusz, and Sudhir Mehta. "Numerical Optimization Approach to the Design of a Diesel Engine Fuel Injection Nozzle for Alternate Fuels." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/880492.

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