Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diesel exhaust gas detection

Academic literature on the topic 'Diesel exhaust gas detection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Diesel exhaust gas detection"

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Lutic, Doina, Joakim Pagels, Robert Bjorklund, Peter Josza, Jacobus H. Visser, Ann W. Grant, Mats L. Johansson, et al. "Detection of Soot Using a Resistivity Sensor Device Employing Thermophoretic Particle Deposition." Journal of Sensors 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/421072.

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Results are reported for thermophoretic deposition of soot particles on resistivity sensors as a monitoring technique for diesel exhaust particles with the potential of improved detection limit and sensitivity. Soot with similar characteristics as from diesel exhausts was generated by a propane flame and diluted in stages. The soot in a gas flow at 240–270C∘was collected on an interdigitated electrode structure held at a considerably lower temperature, 105–125C∘. The time delay for reaching measurable resistance values, the subsequent rate, and magnitude of resistance decrease were a function of the distance between the fingers in the electrodes and the degree of dilution of the soot containing flow. Soot deposition and subsequent removal by heating the sensor support was also performed in a real diesel exhaust. Good similarities between the behavior in our laboratory system and the real diesel exhaust were noticed.
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Yang, Xiaotao, Xiaonan Liu, Yanlong Mu, Yanbo He, Shaotian Chen, Zijian Zhang, Ziyin Jiang, and Lele Yang. "Simulation and experimental study of diesel engine emission temperature based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190412461y.

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Based on the temperature measurement technology of tunable diode laser ab-sorption spectroscopy, the simulation and experimental research on the temperature measurement of CO2 gas emitted by D4114B Diesel engine is realized. The light source model, gas chamber model and data detection model were established by using SIMULINK, which is more general numerical simulation tool in MATLAB. Under the simulated Diesel engine emission environment, the measured CO2 gas temperature was obtained by model simulation and analyzed. The simulation relative error was 0.077%. The marine D4114B Diesel engine was used as the test object, the visual window was reconstructed on the exhaust light path, and an optical path test system was established. The tunable diode laser was used as the detection light source to carry out on-line test research on the CO2 gas temperature in the exhaust gas emission. The relative error was 4.4%. The results show that the model built by SIMULINK can reflect the actual laser modulation effect and CO2 gas absorption. The simulation results have certain reference value for the research of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy temperature measurement system.
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You, Zhang Ping, Wen Hui Zhang, and Xiao Ping Ye. "Diesel Engine Inlet and Exhaust System Fault Detection Based on PSO-BP NN." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.918.

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There is high failure rate in diesel engine inlet and exhaust system, so the inlet and exhaust system condition monitoring and fault diagnosis is of great significance.To overcome drawbacks of pure BP algorithm, a heuristic algorithm is adopted to give a transition from particle swarm search to gradient descending search to set up a Particle Swarm Optimized Back Propagation (PSO-BP) Neutral Network (NN). Then vibration signals have been measured from a diesel cylinder head by simulating two faults:the gas leak and abnormal lash; The diesel engine vibration frequency energy signals after wavelet packet decomposition are taken as the input feature vectors of NN. Finally, we carry out fault detection experiment by the PSO-BP NN model to validate the method. Experiment results show that the PSO-BP NN has more fast convergence speed and higher diagnosis accuracy than BP NN, and it provides a new fault detection method for engine inlet and exhaust system.
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Damm, Christopher J., Donald Lucas, Robert F. Sawyer, and Catherine P. Koshland. "Real-Time Measurement of Combustion Generated Particles with Photofragmentation-Fluorescence." Applied Spectroscopy 55, no. 11 (November 2001): 1478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702011953892.

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Excimer laser fragmentation-fluorescence spectroscopy (ELFFS) is a viable technique for real-time monitoring of carbonaceous particles in combustion exhausts. The exhaust from a single-cylinder two-stroke engine is diluted and diverted into the laser interrogation region, resulting in a particle concentration of approximately 1 × 107/cm3. Light from a 193 nm ArF laser photofragments the particles and then produces fluorescence from the atomic carbon fragments at 248 nm, CH fragments at 431 nm, and C2 fragments at 468 nm. The atomic carbon fluorescence signal is proportional to the number concentration of particles in the laser interrogation region. The 100-shot (1 s) detection limit for particles in the exhaust is 1 mg/m3, expressed as a mass concentration of particulate matter. Interferences from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are negligible. The relative fluorescence yield at 248 nm is four times greater from particles than from the gas phase hydrocarbons present in the exhaust. This high yield suggests that the gas phase hydrocarbon interference would not be problematic for measurements of diesel exhaust, where the ratio of particulate carbon to gas phase hydrocarbon is high.
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Liu, Xiaonan, Ao Guo, Yanbo He, Yanlong Mu, and Xiaotao Yang. "Simulation and experiment of NOX concentration detection in diesel engine exhaust gas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 467 (April 9, 2020): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/467/1/012064.

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Wagner, T., and M. L. Wyszyński. "Aldehydes and Ketones in Engine Exhaust Emissions—a Review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 210, no. 2 (April 1996): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_252_02.

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Aldehydes and ketones in engine exhaust gases are receiving increased attention and are beginning to be subject to special legislation due to their carcinogenic and ozone formation potential. This paper gives an overview of their properties as well as of the basic chemistry and conditions of their formation in internal combustion engines. Extensive research on the effects of engine operation and fuelling parameters is reviewed with specific references to gasoline, diesel, natural gas and methanol fuelled engines. This is accompanied by the review of the studies of the performance of exhaust catalytic converters with respect to aldehydes. Aldehyde detection and measurement methods are summarized and analysed from the point of view of their applicability to exhaust gas analysis.
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Deguchi, Yoshihiro, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Masaharu Tsuzaki, Akihiro Fushimi, Shinji Kobayashi, and Kiyoshi Tanabe. "Detection of components in nanoparticles by resonant ionisation and laser breakdown time-of-flight mass spectrometry." Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 6 (2008): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08049.

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Environmental context. The monitoring of aerosol nanoparticles in the atmosphere is a ‘hot’ topic in environmental management. Such particles in the atmosphere are produced by the combustion of fossil fuels such as in engines. Although they make up only a small percentage of particle total mass, nanosized particles account for more than 90% of the particle number in diesel engine exhaust, and their harmful influences on human health are a serious issue. The system developed in this study has great potential to clarify the origin and behaviour of these aerosol particles more precisely using its online characteristics. Abstract. Resonance ionisation and laser breakdown time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) with particle size selectivity using a differential mobility analyser (DMA) was developed and applied to detect components in nanoparticles. The resonance ionisation and laser breakdown TOFMS method was demonstrated to have a sensitivity of ng m–3, and was shown to be applicable to nanoparticles using a newly developed standard nanoparticle generator. The developed system was successfully applied to 4-stroke diesel engine exhaust gas to show the mass spectrum patterns measured in 30 and 80-nm particles. The measured spectrum intensities were evaluated to calculate the concentration of organic compounds in nanoparticles, and these values were compared with low-pressure impactor measurement results. The two measurements showed concentrations with the same order of magnitude and the validity of the newly developed TOFMS method was examined using the nanoparticles in the actual diesel gas exhaust.
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Erickson, M. H., H. W. Wallace, and B. T. Jobson. "Quantification of diesel exhaust gas phase organics by a thermal desorption proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2012): 5389–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-5389-2012.

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Abstract. A new approach was developed to measure the total abundance of long chain alkanes (C12 and above) in urban air using thermal desorption with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). These species are emitted in diesel exhaust and may be important precursors to secondary organic aerosol production in urban areas. Long chain alkanes undergo dissociative proton transfer reactions forming a series of fragment ions with formula CnH2n+1. The yield of the fragment ions is a function of drift conditions. At a drift field strength of 80 Townsends, the most abundant ion fragments from C10 to C16 n-alkanes were m/z 57, 71 and 85. The PTR-MS is insensitive to n-alkanes less than C8 but displays an increasing sensitivity for larger alkanes. Higher drift field strengths yield greater normalized sensitivity implying that the proton affinity of the long chain n-alkanes is less than H2O. Analysis of diesel fuel shows the mass spectrum was dominated by alkanes (CnH2n+1), monocyclic aromatics, and an ion group with formula CnH2n−1 (m/z 97, 111, 125, 139). The PTR-MS was deployed in Sacramento, CA during the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study field experiment in June 2010. The ratio of the m/z 97 to 85 ion intensities in ambient air matched that found in diesel fuel. Total diesel exhaust alkane concentrations calculated from the measured abundance of m/z 85 ranged from the method detection limit of ~1 μg m−3 to 100 μg m−3 in several air pollution episodes. The total diesel exhaust alkane concentration determined by this method was on average a factor of 10 greater than the sum of alkylbenzenes associated with spark ignition vehicle exhaust.
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Kaspar, Marcel, Hans-Peter Rabl, and Wolfgang Mayer. "Ion-Molecule Reaction for the Selective Detection of Hydrocarbons in Diesel Exhaust Gas." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 90, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201700075.

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Toldra-Reig, Fidel, and Jose Serra. "Development of Potentiometric Sensors for C2H4 Detection." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092992.

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Gas exhaust emissions in vehicles are increasingly restrictive in EU and USA. Diesel engines are particularly affected by limitation in hydrocarbons and NOx concentrations. This work presents a screening of working electrode materials to develop a potentiometric sensor, with the most promising material to detect being C2H4 at 550 °C. The device consists of a dense 8YSZ (8 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2) disk as oxide-ion conducting electrolyte, whereas platinum is screen-printed in the back face as reference electrode. As working electrode, several materials such as Fe0.7Cr1.3O3, ZnCr2O4, Fe2NiO4, La0.8Sr0.2CrO3−δ (LSC), La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM), and NiO+5%wt Au were tested to detect C2H4. Sensor voltage was measured for several concentrations of C2H4 and CO as these are two of the major oxidizable compounds in a diesel exhaust gas. Fe0.7Cr1.3O3 was selected as the most promising material because of its response to C2H4 and CO. Not only is the response to the individual analytes important, but the C2H4 cross-sensitivity toward CO is also important. Fe0.7Cr1.3O3 showed a good performance to C2H4, with low cross-sensitivity to CO. In addition, when 0.16 ppm of phenanthrene is added, the sensor still has a slightly better response to C2H4 than to CO. Nevertheless, the sensor exposure to high concentrations (>85 ppm) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons led to signal saturation. On the other hand, the operation in wet conditions induces lower sensor sensitivity to C2H4 and higher cross-sensitivity toward CO increase, i.e., the sensor response becomes similar for C2H4 and CO.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diesel exhaust gas detection"

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Nandivada, Rakesh. "Experimental methodology for measurement of diesel exhaust particulates." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5484.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 69 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).
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Sherman, Jay Michael. "Inhalation exposure system for diesel exhaust particulates." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2844.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 112 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-112).
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Laeeq, Muhammad Nadeem. "Performance evaluation of dryer units used in diesel emission measurement systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4208.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 82 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).
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Tiwari, Aseem. "Design, development and qualification of Compact Mobile Emissions Measurement System (CMEMS) for real-time on-board emissions measurement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4944.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 125 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-125).
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Madireddy, Madhava Rao. "Methods for reconstruction of transient emissions from heavy-duty vehicles." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5826.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 117 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-117).
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Shade, Benjamin C. "A performance evaluation of the MEMS an on-road emissions measurement system study /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1592.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 118 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-104).
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Meyer, Eric Todd. "Evaluation of exhaust flowrate measurement techniques for a mobile emissions monitoring system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1855.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 89 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68).
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Fuller, Andrew D. "A flow rate measurement system for a mobile emissions measurement system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1903.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 111 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
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Riddle, Wesley C. "Design and evaluation of the emissions measurement components for a heavy-duty diesel powered vehicle mobile emissions measurement system (MEMS)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1939.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 167 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-130).
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Cirillo, Emily D. "Development of a micro-dilution tunnel system for in-use, on-board heavy duty vehicle particulate matter emissions measurement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2085.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 147 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-124).
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Books on the topic "Diesel exhaust gas detection"

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Egan, Margaret R. Diesel-discriminating detector response to smoldering fires. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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Egan, Margaret R. Diesel-discriminating detector response to smoldering fires. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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name, No. PM characterization in diesel & gasoline exhaust gas. Warrendale, PA: SAE, 2003.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE International Congress & Exposition (1985 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Diesel particulate control. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1985.

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Dunn, R. Rogge. Diesel fuel quality and locomotive emissions in Canada. [Montreal: Transportation Development Centre], 2001.

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Rakopoulos, Constantine D. Diesel engine transient operation: Principles of operation and simulation analysis. London: Springer, 2009.

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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Environment, Science, and Technology Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Environment, Science and Technology Committee and Assembly Health Committee: The public health effects of emissions from diesel trucks and buses. Trenton, N.J. (State House Annex, CN 068, Trenton): The Committees, 1996.

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Zeller, H. William. Effects of barium-based additive on diesel exhaust particulate. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Simon, Gerald M. Diesel exhaust particulate control techniques for light-duty trucks. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1986.

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Clean Air Strategic Alliance. Diesel Particulate Filter Sub-group of the Vehicle Emissions Project Team. Diesel particulate filter pilot project final report. Edmonton: Clean Air Strategic Alliance, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diesel exhaust gas detection"

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Wirth, Ralf, Jens Olaf Stein, Norbert Breuer, Johannes K. Schaller, and Thomas Hauber. "Exhaust-gas treatment." In Diesel Engine Management, 200–219. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03981-3_19.

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Dietsche, Karl-Heinz. "Exhaust-gas emissions." In Diesel Engine Management, 328–31. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03981-3_25.

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Kreh, Andreas, Bernd Hinner, and Rainer Pelka. "Exhaust-gas measuring techniques." In Diesel Engine Management, 352–59. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03981-3_27.

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Klingenberg, Horst. "Measurement of Unregulated Exhaust Gas Components and Diesel Exhaust Gas Particles." In Automobile Exhaust Emission Testing, 220–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80243-0_7.

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Blanco-Rodriguez, David. "Exhaust Gas Concentrations Estimation in Diesel Engines." In Modelling and Observation of Exhaust Gas Concentrations for Diesel Engine Control, 13–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06737-7_2.

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Palocz-Andresen, Michael. "Marine Diesel Engines." In Decreasing Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Transportation, 159–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11976-7_11.

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Edvardsson, Jonas, Klaus Hadl, Eric Hein, Georg Kraus, Hannes Noll, Christina Schwarz, Stefanie Tamm, and Helmut Theissl. "HD diesel engine – exhaust gas temperature management and advanced exhaust gas aftertreatment technology for ultra-low NOx emission legislation." In Proceedings, 173–90. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30500-0_11.

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Beidl, C., J. Hipp, D. Knaf, R. Anselm, G. Hohenberg, M. Conin, J. Kreuz, and U. Goebel. "Pre-turbo DeNOx exhaust gas aftertreatment system for future 48V Diesel powertrains." In Proceedings, 337–55. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29943-9_27.

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Stoll, Tobias, Jan Klingenstein, Andreas Schneider, Michael Bargende, and Hans-Jürgen Berner. "A Model Approach to Simulate Exhaust Gas Temperatures of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts." In Proceedings, 323–34. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37011-4_26.

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Montenegro, Gianluca, and Angelo Onorati. "Modeling the Gas Flow Process Inside Exhaust Systems: One Dimensional and Multidimensional Approaches." In Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts, 507–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diesel exhaust gas detection"

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Hand, Michael J., and Anna Stefanopoulou. "Location Isolability of Intake and Exhaust Manifold Leaks in a Turbocharged Diesel Engine With Exhaust Gas Recirculation." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6175.

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An investigation into the isolability of the location of intake and exhaust manifold leaks in heavy duty diesel engines is presented. In particular, established fault detection and isolation (FDI) methods are explored to assess their utility in successfully determining the location of a leak within the air path of an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and an asymmetric twin-scroll turbine. It is further shown how consideration of the system’s variation across multiple operating points can lead to improved ability to isolate the location of leaks in the intake and exhaust manifolds.
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Han, Manbae, Stanislav V. Bohac, Timothy J. Jacobs, and Dennis N. Assanis. "Method and Detailed Analysis of Individual Hydrocarbon Species From Diesel Combustion Modes and Diesel Oxidation Catalyst." In ASME 2007 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2007-1632.

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An undiluted exhaust hydrocarbon (HC) speciation method, using flame ionization detector (FID) gas chromatographs (GC), is developed to investigate HC species from conventional and low-temperature premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) combustion, from pre- and post-diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) exhaust. This paper expands on previously reported work by describing in detail the method and effectiveness of undiluted diesel exhaust speciation and providing a more detailed analysis of individual HC species for conventional and PCI diesel combustion processes. The details provided regarding the effectiveness of the undiluted diesel exhaust speciation method include the use of a fuel response factor (RF) for HC species quantification and demonstration of its linearity, detection limit, accuracy and precision. The listing of individual HC species provides not only the information needed to design surrogate exhaust mixtures used in reactor tests and modeling studies, but also sheds light on PCI combustion and DOC characteristics. Significantly increased engine-out concentrations of acetylene, benzene and toluene support the theory that net soot reduction associated with PCI combustion occurs due to the reduction of soot formation from soot precursors. DOC oxidation behavior differs depending on the combustion characteristics, which change exhaust species and temperature.
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Eck, Christopher, Andreas Sidorow, Ulrich Konigorski, and Rolf Isermann. "Fault Detection for Common Rail Diesel Engines with Low and High Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation." In 10th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-24-0139.

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Badawy, Tamer, Amit Shrestha, and Naeim Henein. "Detection of Combustion Resonance Using an Ion Current Sensor in Diesel Engines." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60068.

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This paper discusses the use of an ion current sensor to detect combustion resonance in a heavy duty direct injection diesel engine. A modified glow plug is used to measure the ion current in addition to its main function in warming up the combustion chamber. A comparison is made between the combustion resonance determined from the signals of an ion current sensor, a cylinder pressure transducer and an engine vibration sensor. Experiments are conducted on a four cylinder, turbo-charged 4.5L diesel engine to determine the potential of using the ion current sensor to detect combustion resonance under different injection pressures and exhaust gas recirculation rates. It is concluded that the ion current signal can be used to determine the timing, amplitude, frequency and duration of the resonance. The sensor output has the potential to be used as a feedback signal to the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) to minimize engine vibration and noise.
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Stark, Matthias, and Richard Mittler. "Lubricant Flow Optimization of Large Two Stroke Marine Diesel Engine Piston Ring Packs." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9326.

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Approaching a characterization of different contributors to the lube oil balance of an engine becomes important when aiming at enhancing lubrication performance and reducing its contribution to exhaust gas emissions. It is essential to quantify relevant data helping to determine lubrication losses related to particular tribosystem components. Recent activities focused on rating distinct tribosystem component effects on their contribution to total lube oil consumption and the possibility to most effectively modify those. This paper thus describes the most effective tribosystem component modifications, consisting of the application of a substantially modified piston ring pack and the introduction of lube oil accumulating grooves in order to considerably enhance lubrication performance. A proper prediction of piston ring pack dynamics and tribodynamic effects on the lube oil film is essential to design a superior piston ring pack in terms of an optimized piston running behaviour and lube oil transportation. One major step designing such a ring pack is based on the consequent application of a novel 3D piston ring pack simulation tool to enhance lube oil transportation characteristics and distribution. Lube oil accumulating grooves are introduced to reduce lubrication losses due to so called ring pack spray. The ring pack spray is a result of accumulated lubricant in the pressurized piston ring pack expanding into the scavenge air receiver during the scavenging phase. Mentioned effect was analysed in detail in order to determine the amount of related lubricant losses. Investigations in this context lead to the application of lube oil accumulating grooves and hence can be considered an important design aspect to reduce total lube oil consumption. Tribosystem performance validation was performed on the basis of the application of an SO2 tracing technology on a full scale engine test in order to determine relevant tribosystem component modifications in real time. The sulphur content of fuel and lube oil considerably influences the formation of particulate matter in the exhaust gas, following chemical reactions of sulphur oxidation. Hence detecting SO2 in the exhaust gas is a direct measure to determine the amount of lubricant in the exhaust gas composition. Finally this report demonstrates measurement results describing the superior performance of the modified tribosystem.
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Guan, Mark, Patrick Kirchen, Steven Rogak, and Patrick Steiche. "Development of a Low-Cost Exhaust H2 Measurement Method for In-Use Vehicles." In ASME 2021 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2021-67633.

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Abstract Port-injected hydrogen (H2) can be used as a partial substitution of diesel fuel in compression-ignition engines to reduce GHG emissions. For port-injected H2 systems, incomplete combustion or valve overlap can result in H2 slip, which increases the brake-specific fuel consumption. In this study, a low-cost method is developed to measure the H2 slip in the exhaust of a heavy-duty truck under real-world operating conditions. The truck is equipped with a 2016 15L Detroit diesel engine converted to run in dual-fuel mode with port-injected H2 ignited by directly injected diesel. Existing H2 detecting methods used for steady-state laboratory tests either have slow response time or require well-controlled testing environments. To develop a method suitable for transient on-road H2 measurements, we utilized a low-cost semiconductor sensor. The output of the sensor is potentially influenced by temperature, relative humidity (RH), gas flow rate, as well as the sensor’s resistance in the ambient air (R0) and the pre-heating strategy. Firstly, the characteristics of R0 was investigated in controlled benchtop tests, where pre-heating time, gas temperature, and RH were monitored. Then, the sensor was calibrated using a standard gas mixture of H2 and nitrogen. Finally, a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) was developed to control the conditions of the sample gas. The sensor output was recorded using a low-cost Raspberry Pi Data Acquisition (DAQ) system in combination with an analog HAT (Hardware attached on top) module at a frequency of 4Hz. The results from the benchtop tests show that RH and flow rate both have significant influences on the sensor’s output. To ensure a stable R0, thirty minutes of pre-heating time is required. After calibration, the sensor’s readings are within 15% difference compared with the actual values. Data from the on-road tests demonstrated the applicability of the system for in-use vehicle’s exhaust H2 measurement. It was found from this data that the sensor’s average response time to rising H2 concentrations is 4.5s, but that the response to decreasing concentrations is much slower. The exhaust H2 concentrations, together with the engine operating data, were used to generate H2 emission maps, which provide insight into the relationship between the engine load, engine speed and the H2 slip. With further sensor development and sample gas control, this method can achieve high accuracy and extended application in in-use vehicle’s H2 emission measurements.
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Ahn, Kyung-Ho, Anna G. Stefanopoulou, and Mrdjan Jankovic. "Estimation of Ethanol Content in Flex-Fuel Vehicles Using an Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor: Model, Tuning and Sensitivity." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2232.

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Throughout the history of the automobile there have been periods of intense interest in using ethanol as an alternative fuel to petroleum-based gasoline and diesel derivatives. Currently available flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) can operate on a blend of gasoline and ethanol in any concentration of up to 85% ethanol. In all these FFVs, the engine management system relies on the estimation of the ethanol content in the fuel blend, which typically depends on the estimated changes in stoichiometry through an Exhaust Gas Oxygen (EGO) sensor. Since the output of the EGO sensor is used for the air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) regulation and the ethanol content estimation, several tuning and sensitivity problems arise. In this paper, we develop a simple phenomenological model of the AFR control process and a simple ethanol estimation law which can be representative of the currently practiced system in FFVs. Tuning difficulties and interactions of the two learning loops are then elucidated using classical control techniques. The sensitivity of the ethanol content estimation with respect to sensor and modeling errors is also demonstrated via simulations. The results point to an urgent need for model-based analysis and design of the AFR controller, the ethanol adaptation law and the fault detection issues in FFVs. Tuning and sensitivity issues are demonstrated via simulations and limitations are also discussed.
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Snyder, David B., Gayatri H. Adi, Carrie M. Hall, Michael P. Bunce, and Gregory M. Shaver. "Closed-Loop Control Framework for Fuel-Flexible Combustion of Biodiesel Blends." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35129.

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This paper presents a closed-loop control framework for fuel-flexible combustion control of biodiesel blends. This framework consists of two parts: blend detection and blend accommodation. Blend detection can be accomplished by an experimentally-validated dynamic estimator using exhaust oxygen and air-fuel ratio information. Blend accommodation can be accomplished by changing the control variables that the engine control module uses, namely, replacing exhaust gas recirculation fraction with combustible oxygen mass fraction, replacing total injected fuel mass with total injected fuel energy, and replacing start of main injection timing with end of main injection timing. With the conventional control structure it is experimentally shown that pure biodiesel (B100) produced 38% more brake specific nitrogen oxides (BSNOx) than pure conventional diesel (B0). With the new proposed structure, B100 produced not only lower BSNOx than B0, but also higher torque, higher brake thermal efficiency, lower particulate matter, and lower combustion noise than B0. Comparable experimental results are also presented for B5 and B20 blends.
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Liwång, Hans, Lars Pejlert, Steve Miller, and Jan-Erik Gustavsson. "Management of High Speed Machinery Signatures to Meet Stealth Requirement in the Royal Swedish Navy Visby Class Corvette (YS 2000)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0214.

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Over the years, the word stealth has been used more and more when discussing design and operational characteristics in military applications. New and more challenging techniques are constantly being applied to minimize signatures and thus hinder or delay detection and identification. The Visby Class Corvette is a multipurpose combat ship with 600 tons displacement. The hull is a sandwich construction of a PVC core with carbon fiber/vinyl laminate. The propulsion system consists of two identical CODOG machinery systems, each driving a KaMeWa 125 size Water Jet Unit. The Ship has special requirements for all signatures, i.e. Radar-, Hydro acoustics-, IR- and Magnetic Signature. The High Speed Machinery is twin Honeywell TF50A Gas Turbines, cantilever mounted side by side on the Main Reduction Gearbox housing. The Main Reduction Gearbox is a dual input high performance marine Gearbox designated MA - 107 SBS, designed and manufactured by Cincinnati Gear Co. The Low Speed Machinery is a MTU 16 V 2000 TE90 Diesel Engine connected to the MRG by a power take in shaft. Combustion Air for the Gas Turbines is ducted from the shipside Air Inlet Screen (radar screen) via 3-stage separating filters. The Exhausts from the twin Gas Turbines are combined into one Exhaust Pipe and ducted to the ship transom above the Water Jet stream. Very little can be changed in the Gas Turbine, but high quality such as well balanced rotating part contributes to reduce the signatures. However, the main work has to be accomplished by the building shipyard in cooperation with the Gas Turbine manufacturer. The Main Reduction Gearbox is more available for changes to reduce signatures, but even for the Gearbox the building shipyard has to take design and installation measures. The HSM installation consist mainly of the Gas Turbine Engine, the Main Reduction Gear, Water Jets Unit and surrounding equipment such as main shaft, bearings and so on. The emphasis in this paper is on the GT, MRG and their effect on some of the more well known signatures i.e. RCS, IR, Hydro acoustics and Magnetic. Also some design measures are discussed.
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Belchior, Carlos Rodrigues Pereira, and Fábio De Sousa Moreira. "Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas Monitoring and Performance." In International Mobility Technology Conference and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-3276.

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Reports on the topic "Diesel exhaust gas detection"

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Taga, Fumihiro, Hideyuki Ogawa, and Toshio Shudo. Characteristics of Unregulated Exhaust Gas Emissions From a Diesel Engine. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0564.

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Deguchi, Yoshihiro, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Shinji Kobayashi, Kiyoshi Tanabe, and Masatoshi Morita. Simultaneous Detection of Chemical Compounds and Compositions in Nanoparticles From Diesel Engine Exhaust. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0280.

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Samuel, E. A., E. Gal, M. Mengel, and M. Arnold. Characterization and control of exhaust gas from diesel engine firing coal-water mixture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10110337.

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Samuel, E. A., E. Gal, M. Mengel, and M. Arnold. Characterization and control of exhaust gas from diesel engine firing coal-water mixture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6840859.

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William E. Wallace. US Department of Energy - Office of FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Inter-Agency Agreement Research on "The Analysis of Genotoxic Activities of Exhaust Emissions from Mobile Natural Gas, Diesel, and Spark-Ignition Engines". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924482.

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Analysis of Recompression-Regeneration sCO 2 Combined Cycle Utilizing Marine Gas Turbine Exhaust Heat: Effect of Operating Parameters. SAE International, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-5059.

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Gas turbines are fast being explored to replace the existing steam or diesel-based power packs to propel marine transportation. Marine gas turbines have already come to power high-speed marine vessels transporting perishable goods as well as high-speed naval fleets. This article investigates the potential of gas turbine to be made hybrid with supercritical recompression-regeneration carbon dioxide (CO2) cycle drawing thermal energy from the exhaust of marine gas turbines. The recompression unit acts as the topping cycle and the regeneration unit acts as the bottoming cycle of the proposed combined supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycle. The cycle has a maximum temperature of 530°C and supercritical pressure of 20 MPa. The proposed sCO2 powerplant is compact because of the smaller size of the turbomachinery, owing to the low specific volume of working fluid in the supercritical range. The proposed combined cycle is analyzed for different operating conditions including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and cycle pressure ratio. The thermal efficiency of the proposed sCO2 cycle is 30.77% and efficiency of the hybrid cycle (including marine GT) is 58.17%, i.e., enhancement in thermal efficiency of the marine vessel power pack by 18.6%. Further the power output of the gas turbine-sCO2 hybrid cycle is enhanced by nearly 23.5% to 45.7 megawatts (MW). The second law of thermodynamic efficiency of the proposed combined cycle is close to 52.5%. The proposed hybrid gas turbine-sCO2 cycle has immense potential to replace the aging propulsion systems of existing marine vessels as the proposed power cycle is greener and more compact.
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EGR Cooler Fouling Reduction: A New Method for Assessment in Early Engine Development Phase. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/022-01-0589.

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High pressure EGR provides NOx emission reduction even at low exhaust temperatures. To maintain a safe EGR system operation over a required lifetime, the EGR cooler fouling must not exceed an allowable level, even if the engine is operated under worst-case conditions. A reliable fouling simulation model represents a valuable tool in the engine development process, which validates operating and calibration strategies regarding fouling tendency, helping to avoid fouling issues in a late development phase close to series production. Long-chained hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas essentially impact the fouling layer formation. Therefore, a simulation model requires reliable input data especially regarding mass flow of long-chained hydrocarbons transported into the cooler. There is a huge number of different hydrocarbon species in the exhaust gas, but their individual concentration typically is very low, close to the detection limit of standard in-situ measurement equipment like GC-MS. Therefore, a new measurement and analysis approach has been developed, where the exhaust gas is guided to a metal foam collector, in which HC`s are deposited. The probe is then analyzed in a suited thermogravimetrical system (TGA) in nitrogen atmosphere, temperature range 25°C to 650°C. Analyzing the TGA curve, HC concentration data for 6 different boiling temperature ranges are obtained, provided to an adapted 1-d fouling simulation model. Using these data along with further input parameters like cooler geometry, gas temperature, pressure, flow, particle size distribution and coolant temperature, the simulation model has proven as a suitable tool to predict the fouling and identify engine settings for fouling reduction.
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