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Ross, Monica Ann. "Seasonal and Diel Patterns of Manatee Habitat Use." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2209.
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State and Federal agencies have created sanctuaries and speed zones to help reduce manatee mortality while incorporating the recreational and commercial resource needs of these same habitats for humans. Specific habitat resources are considered necessary to increase manatee survivorship. We have only recently begun to address how manatees use some of these resources based on physiological or reproductive strategies. In this study, I quantified patterns of habitat use during seasonal and diel periods for different sex and reproductive manatee classes using data from a radio-telemetry study conducted by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission during 1991-1996. I used five environmental geographic data layers: bathymetry, distance to seagrass, distance to shoreline, distance to warm water refuge sites, and distance to fresh water sources, to discriminate seasonal and diel habitat use patterns for different manatee classes: males (M), females with calves (FWC), and females without calves (FNC). Mean occupancy values were calculated for environmental variable locations and seasonal, diel, and manatee class differences were tested using a Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP). Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) was used to visualize the ordination patterns of the manatee classes and to assess importance of correlated environmental variables. Significant differences in habitat use were noted between summer and winter based on distances to warm water, seagrass, and fresh water sources but similar habitat use patterns were exhibited within summer diel periods among manatee classes. All manatee classes appeared to have used a higher proportion of locations closer in proximity to seagrass at night than day in winter indicating a disproportionate difference in feeding bouts between diel periods. These differences may be attributed to adjusting feeding strategies to reduce thermoregulatory costs or to decrease human interactions. Differences in patterns were exhibited for the winter diel periods specifically for the FWC manatee classes during winter days. FWC had a higher proportion of locations within the warm water refuges during the day indicating a possible trade off situation between food consumption and thermal exposure. This study demonstrates coarse and fine scale patterns of variation in habitat use for manatees both seasonally and daily within winter. It also suggests that during winter months, manatees were not just utilizing their habitat but they appeared to have preferences and selection for certain habitat types. Recovery of a species is greatly enhanced when patterns of habitat use within the species' environment has been clearly defined. Understanding more specifically what types of habitats manatees choose might allow management to adjust strategies for protection of key habitats while encouraging further recovery of this species.M.S.
Department of Biology
Sciences
Biology MS
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Holmes, Neil David. "Diel patterns of behaviour in the western flower thrips." Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485793.
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Frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is a serious pest of protected crops within the UK because it damages crops and is a vector of tospoviruses. It is resistant to a wide range of insecticides and exhibits thigmokinetic behaviour, making contact between pest and treatment difficult. Applying control procedures to correspond with the diel behaviour patterns of F. occidentalis could enhance control ofthrips. Studies of glasshouse crops showed that the abundance of adults on leaves and flowers increased in ~he afternoon compared to the morning. This could not be accounted for by movements within or between plants, but could be from sites off the plant. This hypothesis deserves further investigation. Infrared videography in the glasshouse generally showed little difference In abundance on plant parts between scotophase and photoppase. In addition, observations made at the time suggested that there was little difference in locomotory activity between the light phases. Contrastingly, laboratory locomotory activity patterns showed an increase in the early morning and late afternoon. A light burst during the scotophase, devised in the lliboratory to enhance locomotory activity, had little effect on thrips in a cucumber glasshouse. These two findings cast doubt on the applicability of laboratory studies to the glasshouse. Flight could be predicted well using ambient light and temperature and showed a clear diel pattern. There was a diel pattern of larval dropping to the ground to pupate, with the majority of larvae falling between late afternoon and midnight. Further sampling within a ,?ucumber glasshouse showed that on any particular day most larvae dropped within a two-hour window. Flight activity, and larvae falling from the crop showed clear' diel patterns. Locomotory activity on the crop djd not show a clear diel pattern. Interpretation and use of these findings would depend upon the type of control procedure applied to a crop.
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Olivares, Requena Manuel. "Patterns of activity in marine planktonic copepods: diel rhythms and driving factors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672940.
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Marine planktonic copepods play a key ecological role in pelagic food webs. The study of their patterns of activity is fundamental in order to better understand the processes involved in the transfer of energy from lower trophic levels to higher- level consumers in marine ecosystems. This thesis is an attempt to deepen the knowledge of the factors that affect the activity patterns of marine copepods. Some of these aspects had not been addressed previously and others still required further investigation. In particular, this thesis primarily focuses on the study of daily and diel patterns of feeding of marine planktonic copepods, and the influence of factors like ontogeny, gender, food availability, predation threat, light conditions, mutigenerational rearing in the laboratory, and temperature. The experimental work carried out in this thesis mostly consisted of laboratory incubations using wild and laboratory-reared specimens of the calanoid copepods Centropages typicus and Paracartia grani. Among the main findings in this thesis are the stage- and gender-specific differences in the feeding patterns of marine planktonic copepods. Moreover, we analyzed the role of predation risk and that of other factors in the modulation of feeding rhythms, and also evaluated the physiological costs related to temperature fluctuations involved in diel vertical migration. The new insights obtained in this thesis will certainly increase our capability to estimate the grazing impact of copepod populations in plankton communities, and will allow us to obtain better estimates of energy transfer in marine pelagic food webs.Els copèpodes planctònics tenen un paper ecològic clau en les xarxes tròfiques pelàgiques marines. L'estudi dels seus patrons d'activitat és fonamental per a comprendre millor els processos involucrats en la transferència d'energia des dels nivells tròfics inferiors cap als consumidors superiors en els ecosistemes marins. Aquesta tesi és un intent d’aprofundir en el coneixement sobre els factors que modulen els patrons d'activitat dels copèpodes marins. Alguns d'aquests aspectes no s'havien estudiat prèviament i altres encara requerien més investigació. En particular, aquesta tesi se centra principalment en l'estudi dels patrons diaris d'alimentació dels copèpodes planctònics marins i la influència de factors com l'ontogènia, el gènere, la disponibilitat d'aliment, l'amenaça de depredació, les condicions de llum, la criança multigeneracional al laboratori i la temperatura. El treball experimental dut a terme en aquesta tesi ha consistit majoritàriament en incubacions de laboratori utilitzant espècimens salvatges i de laboratori dels copèpodes calanoids Centropages typicus i Paracartia grani. Entre les principals troballes en aquesta tesi destaquen les diferències en els patrons d'alimentació entre estadis de desenvolupament i entre sexes de copèpodes planctònics marins. També s'analitza el paper del risc de depredació i el d'altres factors en la modulació dels ritmes d'alimentació i s'avaluen els costos fisiològics relacionats amb les fluctuacions de temperatura implicades en la migració vertical diària. Els nous coneixements obtinguts en aquesta tesi augmentaran la nostra capacitat per estimar l'impacte de la depredació de les poblacions de copèpodes en les comunitats de plàncton i ens permetran obtenir millors estimes de la transferència energètica en les xarxes tròfiques pelàgiques marines.
Los copépodos planctónicos desempeñan un papel ecológico clave en las redes tróficas pelágicas marinas. El estudio de sus patrones de actividad es fundamental para comprender mejor los procesos involucrados en la transferencia de energía desde los niveles tróficos inferiores a los consumidores superiores en los ecosistemas marinos. Esta tesis es un intento de profundizar en el conocimiento sobre los factores que modulan los patrones de actividad de los copépodos marinos. Algunos de estos aspectos no se habían estudiado previamente y otros aún requerían más investigación. En particular, esta tesis se centra principalmente en el estudio de los patrones diarios de alimentación de los copépodos planctónicos marinos y la influencia de factores como la ontogenia, el género, la disponibilidad de alimento, la amenaza de depredación, las condiciones de luz, la crianza multigeneracional en el laboratorio y la temperatura. El trabajo experimental llevado a cabo en esta tesis ha consistido mayoritariamente en incubaciones de laboratorio utilizando especímenes salvajes y de laboratorio de los copépodos calanoideos Centropages typicus y Paracartia grani. Entre los principales hallazgos en esta tesis destacan las diferencias en los patrones de alimentación entre estadios de desarrollo y entre sexos de copépodos planctónicos marinos. También se analiza el papel del riesgo de depredación y el de otros factores en la modulación de los ritmos de alimentación y se evalúan los costes fisiológicos relacionados con las fluctuaciones de temperatura implicadas en la migración vertical diaria. Los nuevos conocimientos obtenidos en esta tesis aumentarán nuestra capacidad para estimar el impacto de la depredación de las poblaciones de copépodos en las comunidades de plancton y nos permitirán obtener mejores estimaciones de la transferencia energética en las redes tróficas pelágicas marinas.
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Ivory, Jami Alora. "Diel, Seasonal, and Interannual Patterns in Mesozooplankton Abundance in the Sargasso Sea." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617964.
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Temporal changes in mesozooplankton community structure are influenced by a combination of environmental factors. Epipelagic mesozooplankton biomass in the Sargasso Sea has increased over the last two decades, with a related increase in zooplankton-mediated carbon export. Unknown, however, are the patterns and variability at different temporal scales (diel, seasonal, and interannual) in abundance of each major zooplankton taxon, and how these patterns relate to physical and other environmental changes. I enumerated major taxa of mesozooplankton collected from monthly day and night net tows in the epipelagic zone at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site in the Sargasso Sea from 1999 to 2010. Abundances of each taxon were determined using a ZooScan optical imaging system and microscopy. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were used to determine what environmental parameters best explain abundance of major taxa. I used annual averages to determine broader patterns. Zooplankton taxa with the most pronounced diel vertical migration (i.e., night:day ratio, N:D, » 1 ) included euphausiids (N:D=1.9), Limacina spp. pteropods (1.5), and other thecosome (shelled) pteropods (1.6). Taxa with a pronounced spring abundance peak included euphausiids, larvaceans, and Limacina spp., while harpacticoid copepods peaked in late summer, and calanoid copepods in both spring and summer. There is some evidence of changes in phenology occurring in calanoid copepods and chaetognaths that exhibited spring abundance peaks on average 1-month earlier than reported for the same taxa in the early 1960’s. Many taxa, including all copepod taxa, exhibited a period of highest abundance increase in 2003, coinciding with a 2003 April diatom bloom and the largest primary production peak (April 2003) in the time series. There was also indication of a long-term increase in calanoid and oncaeid copepod abundance. Sub-decadal-scale climate oscillations, long term warming, and ocean acidification may be driving decreases in larvaceans, Limacina spp., and other shelled pteropod densities. Environmental variables affecting abundance differed among taxa. For example, calanoid copepod density was highly influenced by the abundance of a major predatorchaetognaths. Multi-year densities of calanoid copepods and ostracods both increased with increasing Water Column Stratification Index and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index, indicating warmer sea surface temperatures are favorable for these taxa. These patterns in zooplankton community structure have important implications for energy transfer in pelagic food webs and for biogeochemical cycling.
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Quinney, Tom. "The Diel Patterns of Glucosidase Activity and Dissolved Carbohydrates in South Florida Coastal Waters." NSUWorks, 1998. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/324.
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The response of diel extracellular α and β-glucosidase activity to in situ dissolved carbohydrates was explored in coastal marine waters. The hypothesis being tested was to determine whether natural substrate could regulate enzyme activity. Relative enzyme activity was determined using artificial 4-methylumbelliferone (MUF) substrate derivatives at low substrate concentrations (300 nM). Disssolved carbohydrate concentrations were measured using the 3-methyl-2-benzothlazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) method: a spectrophotometric determination of monosaccharide concentrations. Six studies were conducted and p-glucosidase activity (BOA) was found to be positively correlated with dissolved polysaccharide concentrations (PCHO) in two studies which suggests that PCHO can potentially regulate BOA. A significant inverse correlation (Spearman) between dissolved monosaccharides (MCHO) and β-glucosidase activity was found in one study suggesting that MCHO was capable of repressing and/or inhibiting the activity of β-glucosidase under some conditions. Three significant positive relationships were found between α-glucosidase (AOA) and BOA suggesting that there was a tight coupling between substrate release and hydrolysis. No obvious relationships were found between hydrolytic enzymes and dissolved carbohydrates in three diel studies. This may have been due to uncontrollable factors such as nutrient limitation, grazing and the inability to distinguish between α- and β-glucans. Combined data for PCHO and BOA showed an inverse relationship suggesting that high levels of naturally occurring PCHO may compete with MUF-β-glucans for β-glucosidase active sites causing a lower rate of MUF-β-glucan hydrolysis.
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Watts, James C. "Diel Patterns of Foraging Aggression and Antipredator Behavior in the Trashline Orb-weaving Spider, Cyclosa turbinata." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2334.
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Few studies have rigorously assessed the adaptive value of diel rhythms in animals. We laid the groundwork for assessing the adaptive rhythm hypothesis by assaying diel rhythms of foraging and antipredator behavior in the orb-weaving spider Cyclosa turbinata. When confronted with a predator stimulus in experimental arenas, C. turbinata exhibited thanatosis behavior more frequently and for longer durations during the day. However, assays of antipredator response within webs revealed more complex diel patterns of avoidance behaviors and no pattern of avoidance behavior duration. Assays of prey capture behavior found that the likelihood of exhibiting prey capture behavior varied significantly across times of day and test subjects, but only test subject predicted attack latencies. Although C. turbinata foraging aggression changed over the diel cycle, we found no evidence of a trade-off between foraging behavior and predator vigilance. However, overall patterns of vigilance may be masked by diel changes in antipredator strategies.
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Grácio, Ana Rita Pereira. "Diel variation in movement patterns and habitat use by the near-threatened cabrera vole in mediterranean farmland." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18612.
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As variações circadianas no comportamento animal e o seu impacto nas
populações constituem desafios importantes em ecologia e conservação. Nesta tese
documentam-se as variações circadianas no uso do habitat e padrões de movimento
pelo rato de Cabrera, em habitats Mediterrânicos fragmentados. O estudo baseou-se
no radio-seguimento de indivíduos em habitats dominados por herbáceas e arbustos.
Os resultados indicaram que a proporção de tempo despendido em deslocações, a
distância percorrida, e a selecção do tipo de vegetação, estão fortemente interrelacionados,
variando consideravelmente ao longo de diferentes períodos do dia. Os
ratos movimentaram-se mais frequentemente e maiores distâncias nos períodos
diurnos, durante os quais as áreas dominadas por herbáceas foram usadas mais
intensivamente. Durante a estação seca houve alguma tendência para a diminuição
dos movimentos durante as horas mais quentes. Estes resultados são discutidos no
sentido de mostrar como indicadores comportamentais podem contribuir para
melhorar a gestão e conservação da espécie; ABSTRACT: Understanding the circadian variations in species behaviour and its impacts on
population is a challenging topic in ecology and conservation. This thesis documents
the circadian variations in habitat use and movement patterns by Cabrera voles in
fragmented Mediterranean farmland. The study was based on radiotracking data of
individuals living in habitat patches dominated by wet grasses and shrubs. Results
indicated that the proportion of time animals spent moving, the distance moved and
the selection strength of vegetation were closely linked behavioural traits, which
varied considerably across the 24 hour cycle. Voles moved more frequently and over
larger distances during daytime, which was when wet grasses were used more
intensively. During the dry season there was some tendency for a decrease in
movement activity during the hottest hours of the day. These results are used to
discuss how behavioural indicators may be useful to improve conservation
management of the species.
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Hänselmann, Kristin [Verfasser], and Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Temming. "Diel Vertical Migration Patterns of Baltic Sea Copepods Analysed with a Video Plankton Recorder / Kristin Hänselmann ; Betreuer: Axel Temming." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1198404248/34.
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Hänselmann, Kristin Verfasser], and Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] [Temming. "Diel Vertical Migration Patterns of Baltic Sea Copepods Analysed with a Video Plankton Recorder / Kristin Hänselmann ; Betreuer: Axel Temming." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1198404248/34.
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Fahy, Daniel P. "Diel Activity Patterns, Space Utilization, Seasonal Distribution and Population Structure of the Yellow Stingray, Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1817) in South Florida with Comments on Reproduction." NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/121.
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The yellow stingray, Urobatis jamaicensis is the most common elasmobranch in the coastal waters of Southeast Florida. Despite their common occurrence the ecology of yellow stingrays remains poorly understood. In particular, yellow stingray daily movements, space utilization, seasonal distribution and population structure have not been described. This study was conducted to address the lack of knowledge of these fundamental life history parameters and to provide further information on the ecology of U. jamaicensis in coastal waters of Broward County, Florida.
The activity patterns and space utilization of U. jamaicensis were assessed by manual tracking with ultrasonic telemetry. Telemetry tracking of 17 stingrays was conducted from January 1998 to September 2001 with data presented on eight individuals tracked for a full diel cycle (24 h). Tracking data was analyzed with the Animal Movement Analysis Extension (AMAE) in Arcview® GIS to provide graphical representation of observed movements within the complex series of reef terraces and hardbottom communities of Broward County. Bottom topography had considerable influence on the space utilization of stingrays and observed movements varied with location in relation to proximity from the reef edge/sand interface. Movement was intermittent throughout the day, but displayed a highly significant increase during the nocturnal and crepuscular phases in comparison to diurnal movements. Nearly all stingrays demonstrated confined movements and indicated strong site fixity, which may imply the existence of home ranging behavior. The 95% (total 24h activity space) and the 50% (core area) Kernel Utilization Distributions (KUD) were constructed to visually display the shape and size of activity spaces. The data was pooled together for the eight individuals tracked for a full diel cycle and divided into four 6-h shifts. Statistically significant larger activity spaces for both the 95% KUD and the 50% KUD were observed during the nocturnal activity phase.
Seasonal distribution was assessed to determine animal residency within the study site and ascertain the occurrence and temporal patterns of onshore/offshore movements. Stationary visual fish census techniques (point counts) from several studies conducted in Broward County from January 1998 to December 2003 were combined to determine the level of abundance across three reef tracts, throughout the entire length of the county. Data was tested for monthly and seasonal differences and for variation between reefs. Analysis of seasonal distribution established population residency is year-round with no indication of offshore emigration associated with a temperature preference.
Population structure analyses were conducted to determine the sex ratio and size distribution of U. jamaicensis to examine any potential gender segregation or ontogenetic partitioning. The sex ratio was compared for differences monthly, seasonally and between reefs for expected vs. observed frequencies. Only spring observations (March, April, May) evidenced a statistically significant difference from a 1:1 ratio, where females dominated the inshore observations 20F:8M. Average size of both genders was 333mm TL, however, females dominated the larger size classes (>350mm TL). Few neonates were observed during this study with most observations occurring in shallow inshore water (depth), suggesting a nearshore nursery. Increased abundance and presence on the offshore reef among intermediate size classes (250-299mm to 300-349mm) suggests a potential ontogenetic shift to deeper water. Observations on the seasonal patterns of the reproductive condition of female yellow stingrays are also provided.
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Brussee, Sandra Ellan. "Dietary Patterns of Mediterranean Adolescents." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BrusseeSE2005.pdf.
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Hofer, Simon. "Verification of design patterns." Zurich : ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department of Computer Science, Chair of Programming Methodology, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=435.
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Drake, Rana. "Patterns of meat consumption and pregnancy." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245068.
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Shih, Yi-Pu. "The stress patterns and residual stresses developed in curved die upsetting." Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175883679.
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Lane, Andrea Marie. "Beverage Patterns and Diet Quality in US Children." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492169912205993.
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Mealer, Catherine E. "Differences in Dietary Patterns among American Adults by Weight Status." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492631763691216.
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Fürst, Andreas. "Design patterns in event-B and their tool support." Zürich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Department of Computer Science, Chair of Information Security, Information Security Group, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=455.
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McGrath, Kelly Ann. "Dietary Patterns Associated with Weight Change in College Students." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31128.
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Background: Dietary patterns that include recommended servings of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dietary fiber, and dairy, combined with regular physical activity and frequent breakfast consumption are optimal choices for weight loss or weight maintenance over time. College students are at an increased risk for weight gain due to environmental and behavioral changes that are associated with decreased dietary quality and physical inactivity. Preventing weight gain in college students may have a profound impact on prevalence of overweight or obesity later in life.
Objective: To examine associations between weight change and dietary patterns in college students.
Design: A longitudinal observational study. Dietary intake and physical activity were self-reported on seven-day food records and compared to dietary guidelines for compliance with recommendations.
Subjects/Setting: Data from 80 students enrolled in a fall semester introductory nutrition course at a large state university were analyzed in the fall and spring semester .
Main outcome measures: Daily servings of total fruit (fruit and juice), total vegetables (fried and non-fried), dairy (regular and low-fat), whole grains, and dietary fiber, breakfast consumption, body weight changes and physical activity.
Statistical Analysis Performed: Associations between diet quality and weight change were analyzed using Chi-square analysis. Weight change was analyzed by diet quality and breakfast consumption using t-test and by metabolic equivalents (METHRS/day) using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.05). Significant associations were analyzed by Pearsonâ s correlation (two-sided, p<0.05).
Results: Weight and body mass index (BMI kg/m2) were significantly higher compared to baseline. The majority of students did not meet recommendations for daily servings of fruit, vegetable, dairy, whole grains, and dietary fiber. Higher diet quality was significantly associated with more frequent breakfast consumption and students who maintained or lost weight reported significantly higher intakes of total fruit, low-fat dairy and whole grains.
Conclusion: Failure to meet dietary guidelines resulting in lower diet quality was distinctive of this population and was associated with significant changes in body weight over one academic year.
Applications: Educational interventions aimed at improving diet quality may inhibit weight gain commonly seen in college students.Master of Science
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Evens, Carina Capps. "Snacking patterns as a risk factor for early childhood caries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10902.
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Kuck, Jennifer M. "Differences in dietary patterns by breakfast consumption and weight status in US Adolescence." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211406587.
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Johns, David James. "Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease in severe obesity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610554.
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Venasse, Myriam. "Understanding the Impact of Disability on Dietary Intake and Patterns in People with Multiple Sclerosis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39782.
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As current treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) do not prevent the accumulation of long-term disability, researchers and persons with MS are interested in wellness behaviours and how they may be used to manage MS. This thesis includes a review of the literature on wellness-based interventions in persons with progressive MS. Following this review, a cross-sectional study was conducted to characterize dietary intake by disability status in this population, and to examine the functional and symptomatic correlates of dietary behaviours. Participants with MS and matched controls completed questionnaires and a three-day food intake record. There were significant differences in dietary intake with and without supplements between the MS and control groups. Correlates of dietary behaviours were also examined. Further research examining dietary intake in MS is necessary to understand how disability and other factors impact dietary intake behaviours, and which other correlates may be useful targets for future nutrition interventions.
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Beja, Pedro Rui. "Patterns of availability and use of resources by otters (Lutra lutra L.) in southwest Portugal." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295746.
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The use of resources by otters (Lutra lutra L.) living along coasts and streams in Southwest Portugal was described, and related to their spatial and temporal patterns of availability. The use of freshwater along coasts was inferred from the spatial distribution of spraints, and from radio-tracking. Spraints were mostly concentrated at the mouth of streams that provided freshwater throughout the dry season, and where rest-sites were found within dense thickets of brambles. Rest-sites were considered a scarce resource, because they seemed to be associated with the few permanent sources of freshwater. Along the coast prey availability was highest in winter and lowest in later summer and autumn. The corkwing wrasse was the dominant prey, and the seasonal variation in diet was primarily related to fluctuations in its abundance: wrasse were consumed when they were most abundant, other prey being taken to compensate for lows in their availability. In streams there were large year-to-year fluctuations in fish abundance, and these were related to the severity of summer droughts. Spring was probably the period of maximum prey abundance. Eels and crayfish were the dominant prey, but cyprinids, toads and frogs were also important seasonally. Prey were consumed relative to availability, except eels, which were consumed less than expected during the peak abundance of crayfish. Crayfish and eels were more associated in spraints that expected by chance. The introduction of the American crayfish to Iberia contributed to increase food abundance from spring to early autumn. Breeding of otters occurred seasonally, but births were earlier on the coast (October-December) than inland (January-March), most probably as a consequence of the seasonal patterns of food availability. Litter sizes inland were larger than on the coast. Differences between otter habitats in Southwest Portugal and elsewhere were discussed. A conservation strategy for otters in this region was developed.
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Appannah, Geeta. "Dietary patterns, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in young people." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648138.
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Reynolds, Susan Marie. "Eating patterns and health perceptions of shiftworkers: an exploratory study." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91141.
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Over 20% of the American work force is employed on shifts other than the typical 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.. The effects of shift work can be many and varied. Perceptions of health as well as the eating patterns of shiftworkers were investigated in this study.
The methodology used yielded a small, statistically insignificant sample population of both fixed and rotating shiftworkers; yet, after analysis, certain trends of the population were revealed.
The rotating shiftworker consumed fewer meals and snacks than the fixed shiftworker. Meals and snacks were defined based on a food taxonomy developed to describe food intake. Additionally, the rotating shiftworker ate less often than the fixed worker. Consuming a meal in the 6 p.m. to 11 p.m. not affected by shift among rotating shiftworkers.
Caffeine containing beverages comprised a large part of the diet of shiftworkers. Coffee was consumed more by the older group, and caffeinated soft drinks were preferred by the younger employees.
The health status perception of the shiftworker could be labeled as"good". There may be a positive correlation between the regular occurrence of nervous stomach and coffee consumption among the rotating shiftworkers. Nervous stomach may also be related to days taken due to sickness for the rotators.
Shift work is a disruption for employees. The nature and frequency of these disruptions are as of yet, not fully realized. Findings from this study warrant further investigation on this topic.M.S.
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Armentrout, Paige L. "Exploring Dietary Patterns in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555379444416158.
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Pavão, Jéssica Correia. "FODMAPs in foods: differences between food patterns and countries." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10788.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoFermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyols (FODMAP) are poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates, that are rapidly fermented by the intestinal microbiota, with consequent gas production and water retention, leading to the distention of intestinal walls and symptoms associated with functional gut disorders. The low-FODMAP diet is an individualized dietary strategy design to reduce the FODMAP intake in order to achieve symptoms control. The knowledge about the FODMAP content of foods allows a more accurate implementation of the diet. Furthermore, there are factors capable of influencing the FODMAP content of foods that may present an opportunity to manipulate foods and reduce their FODMAP content. Regional crop varieties may also influence in the FODMAP intake since each country has their own food habits. Most of the information about FODMAP content of foods is prevenient from Australia. In North America and Europe, this approach is growing. In Eastern countries the limited knowledge may lead to other practicality challenges. This review of literature aims to identify the differences in the FODMAP content between different foods and dietary patterns of various countries. Also, it aims to verify whether other factors could influence the final FODMAP content. This review was elaborated through an online bibliographic search using electronic PubMed database. There is not much information about the FODMAP content of regions-specific foods. Nevertheless, it is possible to manipulate the FODMAP content and adapt the dietary pattern in order to reduce the FODMAP intake, but also, to acknowledge cultural differences.
Oligossacarídeos, dissacarídeos, monossacarídeos fermentáveis e polióis (FODMAP) são hidratos de carbono de cadeia curta mal absorvidos e rapidamente fermentáveis pelas bactérias intestinais, com consequente produção de gás e retenção de água, que distendem as paredes intestinais e induzem sintomas associados a desordens intestinais funcionais. A dieta pobre em FODMAPs é uma estratégia dietética individualizada formulada para reduzir o consumo de FODMAPs e controlar os sintomas. Conhecer o conteúdo em FODMAP dos alimentos leva à implementação mais precisa desta dieta. Existem ainda outros fatores capazes de influenciar o conteúdo em FODMAPs dos alimentos que podem ser uma oportunidade para manipular alimentos e reduzir o conteúdo em FODMAPs. Variedades culturais poderão também influenciar o consumo de FODMAPs pois cada país possui hábitos alimentares característicos. A informação acerca do conteúdo em FODMAP advém maioritariamente da Austrália. Na América do Norte e Europa esta abordagem está a crescer. Nos países Orientais o conhecimento limitado leva a desafios práticos. Esta revisão da literatura objetiva identificar as diferenças no conteúdo de FODMAP entre diferentes alimentos e padrões alimentares em vários países. Além disso, visa verificar a influência de outros fatores no conteúdo final de FODMAPs. Esta revisão foi elaborada através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica online com recurso à base de dados eletrónica PubMed. Existe pouca informação sobre o conteúdo em FODMAPs de alimentos específicos de cada região. No entanto, é possível manipular o conteúdo em FODMAP e adaptar os padrões alimentares de modo a reduzir a ingestão de FODMAPs e reconhecer diferenças culturais.
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Dandamudi, Akhila. "Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1510915740390615.
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Dindar, Nihal. "Pattern matching over sequences of rows in a relational database system." Zürich : ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department of Computer Science, Systems Group, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=418.
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Richardson, LaTonia. "The Association Between Dietary Patterns and Diabetes Status Among U.S. Adults." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1801.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus, or T2DM, is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Multiple studies have found that certain dietary patterns can significantly influence the risk of T2DM. The purpose of this study was to understand the dietary patterns associated with diabetes by comparing the relative adherence to these dietary patterns by individuals in 5 stages of diabetes: no diabetes, undiagnosed prediabetes, diagnosed prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes. Using the health belief model as the theoretical foundation, the primary research question examined whether adherence to specific dietary patterns significantly differed between individuals in different stages of diabetes. This question was important for understanding the dietary behaviors of individuals in early or unknown stages of diabetes that may lead to more harmful health consequences. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 15,237), multiple logistic regression analyses compared the odds of adherence to specific dietary patterns, adjusting for covariates. There was no statistically significant association between dietary pattern adherence and diabetes status. However, certain covariate factors-such as age and gender-were found to significantly influence the odds of high adherence to certain dietary patterns. Specifically, males were significantly more like than were females to adhere to diets associated with increased T2DM risk, and adults aged 50 years and older were significantly more likely than were younger adults to adhere to diets associated with decreased T2DM risk. The impact of these findings could lead to more targeted interventions promoting better eating habits and reduced T2DM incidence among U.S. adults aged 20 years older.
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Perez, Leanna F. "Relationships among Dietary Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Weight Status in Adolescents with Mood Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492619439075734.
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Ax, Erika. "Dietary Patterns : Identification and Health Implications in the Swedish Population." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk nutrition och metabolism, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-250280.
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We eat foods not nutrients. What is more, we eat them in combinations. Consequently, capturing our complex food habits is likely an advantage in nutrition research. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was therefore to investigate dietary patterns in the Swedish population –nutrient intakes, nutritional biomarkers and health aspects. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the developed world. However, the impact of dietary factors on disease risk is largely unknown. In Study I we investigated the association between a Mediterranean- and a Low-carbohydrate-high-protein dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk, in a cohort of elderly Swedish men. The latter (but not the former) was associated, inversely, with prostate cancer risk when taking validity in food records into account. Diet is one of our main exposure routes to environmental contaminants. Hence, such exposure could act as a mediating factor in the relation between diet and health. In Study II we investigated the association between; a Mediterranean- and a Low-carbohydrate-high-protein dietary pattern, as well as the official dietary recommendations, and circulating levels of environmental contaminants, in an elderly Swedish population. The first two patterns were positively related to levels of both persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals, whilst the dietary recommendations were inversely associated to dioxin and lead. Finally, although dietary patterns are likely to influence health, little is known about current dietary patterns in Sweden. In Study III we used a data-reduction method to identify dietary patterns in a nationwide sample of the Swedish population. Two major patterns were derived; a Healthy pattern of foods generally considered healthy (e.g. vegetables, fruits, fish and vegetable-oils) and a Swedish traditional pattern (with e.g. meats, potatoes, sauces, non-Keyhole milk-products, sweet-bakery products and margarine). Derived patterns were associated to population characteristics and the Healthy dietary pattern was inversely associated to anthropometric variables in Study IV. Dietary characteristics of the patterns were well reflected in correlations to nutrient intake and (to a lesser extent) in nutritional biomarkers. In conclusion dietary patterns for overall health should be considered, as well as other lifestyle-factors, when interpreting results in nutrition epidemiology and establishing dietary recommendations.
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Kao, Zoe M. "Trait Evolution in Anseriformes: Is Evolution of Body Mass, Diet, Locomotory Behavior, and Diel Activity Pattern Correlated?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/345.
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The morphologies and behaviors of animals evolve and diversify, filling ecological niches in their environments. In this study I examine how a morphological trait, body mass, and three ecological traits, namely diel activity patterns, diving/non-diving locomotion, and diet, evolve in the Anseriformes (waterfowl). Through ancestral state reconstructions using a maximum likelihood approach the evolution of these traits was compared to see if any patterns of trait coevolution emerged. Body mass was compared to each ecological trait using a phylogenetic ANOVA to test if there were body size differences between ecological groups. The pattern of male and female body mass evolution across the clade was found to be remarkably similar, indicating that selection effected body mass in similar ways between the sexes. Diving locomotion appears to be the ancestral state for Anseriformes with non-diving independently evolving probably five times. The ancestral state of diet appears to be either herbivory or omnivory, with carnivory secondarily evolving twice independently. For diel activity patterns, the ancestral state reconstruction showed little resolution at the internal nodes, indicating the high degree of plasticity in this trait among the species studied. Body mass in both males and females was not significantly correlated with any particular diet, diving locomotion, or diel activity pattern.
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Gardener, Samantha. "Impact of nutrition on cognition and its association with blood and brain Alzheimer disease related biomarkers." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1416.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of senile dementia, currently affects over 35 million people worldwide. While there is no cure or effective treatment, early intervention programs hold considerable promise. Following particular dietary patterns represents one potential intervention strategy accessible to all.
Results from previous studies investigating the association of diet, cognition and biomarkers of AD are inconsistent: Positive results have been reported (1-7), whilst others have shown no associations. Prior to this thesis, no study has assessed the relationship of four dietary patterns to cognition, blood-based and neuroimaging biomarkers of AD in a large highly-characterised ageing cohort. Participants drawn from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle study of ageing, provided a fasting blood sample, underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging at baseline, 18 and 36 month follow-up assessments, and completed a Cancer Council of Victoria food frequency questionnaire (used to construct dietary patterns) at baseline.
Chapter 3 explored the relationship between dietary pattern adherence and cognition. AD participants demonstrated reduced adherence to the ‘healthy’ Mediterranean (MeDi) and prudent diets, and higher adherence to the ‘unhealthy’ western diet and the inflammatory dietary index compared to cognitively healthy controls (HC). Longitudinal analysis conducted on individuals classified as HC at baseline proposes the importance of adhering to a ‘healthy’ dietary pattern such as the MeDi, with respect to reducing risk for cognitive decline: Executive function and visuospatial functioning appeared most susceptible to the influence of diet.
Chapter 4 investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the observed effects of dietary patterns on cognition. A lack of significant associations between the MeDi and western diet patterns and biomarker indexes of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk, suggests that modulation of these factors may not underlie the effects of diet on cognition reported in Chapter 3.
Consistent with published literature, we found our western dietary pattern to be positively associated with levels of blood-based biomarkers of inflammation and the reverse to be true of our MeDi and prudent diet patterns. Our inflammatory dietary index was also strongly positively correlated with levels of numerous inflammatory biomarkers. The strong associations observed suggest that interplay between diet and elevated chronic inflammation may contribute to the effects of diet on cognition described in this thesis.
Chapter 5 assessed the ‘reliability’ (similarity of 12 month dietary intake recalled on different occasions) and ‘validity’ (intake agreement between FFQ and a four-day weighed food record) of the online CSIROFFQ following addition of questions regarding foods of interest in AD research. Our results suggest that the modified CSIROFFQ is ‘reliable’ and a ‘relatively valid’ tool which provides acceptable assessment of long-term dietary intake in Australian older adults, particularly in the context of AD research.
To our knowledge, this is the first study extensively comparing MeDi, inflammatory dietary index, western and prudent diet patterns to cognition and biomarkers of AD in an elderly, well-characterised cohort. Our results combined with published data, suggest diet has a role to play in AD prevention; however, it is clear that the complex link requires further characterisation.
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Solans, Margalef Marta. "Dietary patterns in the etiology of lymphoid neoplasms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668743.
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Diet is a key modifiable risk factor for several neoplasms, but evidence for lymphoid malignancies is still inconsistent. Previous epidemiological studies were mostly focused on single dietary components (i.e. nutrients or food groups), while the role of overall diet has scarcely been studied. This thesis aims to explore the association of up to five dietary patterns and lymphoma risk, using data from two observational studies: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort and the Multicase-control Spain (MCC-Spain) studyLa dieta és un factor de risc modificable per nombrosos tipus de càncer però, pel què fa a les neoplàsies limfoides, l’evidència és encara inconsistent. Estudis epidemiològics previs s’han centrat majoritàriament en l’anàlisi de components de la dieta individuals (nutrients o grups d’aliments), mentre que el rol de la dieta en conjunt roman pràcticament inexplorat. Aquesta tesi avalua la relació entre cinc patrons de dieta i el risc de limfoma, mitjançant dades de dos estudis observacionals: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) i Multicase-control Spain (MCC-Spain) study
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O, Jung Mi, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Food habits and eating patterns of Korean adult immigrants in Australia." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_O_J.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/462.
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Migration is one of life events that may change lifestyle, including new cultural norms, language and community systems as well as dietary patterns. Changing dietary patterns from traditional eating patterns to those typical of a western lifestyle has been associated with increased risk of disease. Furthermore, new food use patterns develop through the rejection of traditional and the acceptance of culturally new food habits. The purpose of this study is to identify the food habits and meal patterns of Koreans living in Australia, and any relationship between length of residence and change in eating habits. The method used for this research was a self reported questionnaire, administered in an interview and 3 day food records. One hundred adults living in the Korean community in Sydney were surveyed. The collected data were coded and analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 10. Descriptive analyses, for example mean and standard deviation, were carried out to determine the respondents’ attitudes toward food habits. The personal information data were also analysed by SPSS using frequency tables to describe the study sample. The results indicated that food habits had no significant differences dependent upon length of residence. Food habits were slightly affected by availability of income, occupation and religious beliefs. Food consumption frequency showed increased meat and dairy products. However, the consumption of rice and fish products decreased.Master of Science (Hons)
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Valentine, Shaley A. "Patterns of Threatened Vertebrates Based on Trophic Level, Diet, and Biogeography." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7194.
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Humans have indirectly and directly contributed to the extinction of over 500 species within the past 500 years, a rate far higher than we have seen in the past. The high extinction rate and the fact that 18% of vertebrates may become extinct within the next century have pushed Earth into a biodiversity crisis. Understanding what makes species more at risk of extinction is needed to protect Earth’s biodiversity.
Generally, it is expected that predators have greater extinction risk than omnivores and herbivores because predators are larger in body size, depend on other animal species for food, need large home ranges, and have fewer individuals within their populations. However, no study to date has actually tested the assumption that predators have the highest extinction risk. This question is important to understand because diet is associated with the ecological role a species plays in an ecosystem.
We compared the extinction risk of species with different diets to determine species in which trophic level are proportionately more at risk of extinction. We classified each species’ diet, trophic level (i.e.,predator, omnivore, and herbivore), body size, habitat, geographic region, system, and associated threats. We focused our analyses on all mammals, birds, and reptiles assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. We then compared the expected and observed proportions of threatened species within each trophic level and diet group at global, system, habitat, and regional scales.
We found that predators, except scavengers, fish-eating birds, and obligate mammal and bird eaters, were not more threatened than expected. On the other hand, herbivores consistently had greater proportions of threatened species than expected. Specifically within herbivores, fruit, grass, and leaf-eating species had high proportions of threatened species. When we separated large-bodied and small-bodied species, we found that most large-bodied species, regardless of their trophic level, had greater proportions of threatened species. When we looked at the regions and habitats where species were more often threatened, we found that herbivores were highly threatened in south and Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania. In addition, herbivores were highly threatened in tropical forests, marine coasts, and sometimes grasslands. Overall, terrestrial herbivores and marine predatory birds were highly threatened. We found that these patterns may have resulted from overexploitation, habitat alteration, and pollution targeting herbivores and sometimes omnivores.
These findings suggest that we should shift conservation focus from predators to include herbivores. The most threatened species, tropical herbivores, scavengers, and mammal, bird, and fish eaters should be of highest conservation priority.
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Wang, Dongtao. "Equilibrium temperature analysis and fill pattern reasoning for die casting process." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095171663.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 199 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-199).
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Siebenaller, Angela D. "Differences in Dietary Intake and Physical Activity Patterns Among Young Adults." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268223353.
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Almeida, Mariana Sofia Magalhães. "Dieta mediterrânica e dieta atlântica: efeitos na saúde." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7561.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da NutriçãoO estudo dos padrões alimentares capta o efeito cumulativo e de interação dos vários alimentos e nutrientes e podem ser mais facilmente interpretados pela população, assumindo assim particular importância em Saúde Pública. A Dieta Mediterrânica (DM) e a Dieta Atlântica (DA) são padrões alimentares definidos por uma abordagem orientada por hipóteses prévias (a priori) e são representativos de uma determinada região e dos seus costumes culturais e sociais, reforçados ao longo de vários anos. Cada um apresenta na sua composição propriedades que lhes conferem o estatuto de alimentação saudável. Em termos de efeitos benéficos na saúde, a DM e os seus componentes têm sido exaustivamente associados a um menor risco cardiovascular, conferindo também um papel protetor sobre a incidência e mortalidade por cancro, em especial cancro da mama, da próstata, gástrico e colo-retal. A DM também apresenta evidência de ter um papel favorável na prevenção e tratamento da obesidade, diabetes, doenças inflamatórias reumáticas, osteoporose e a nível cognitivo. Em relação ao papel da DA na saúde, este tem muito menor evidência fruto da sua definição muito mais recente, tendo sido já associada a melhor perfil cardiovascular. Quer a DM quer a DA parecem sofrer atualmente uma espécie de descaracterização, havendo uma aproximação do seu padrão tradicional a outros padrões de regiões carateristicamente diferentes. Esta ocidentalização dos padrões preocupa a comunidade científica em geral.
The study of dietary patterns captures the cumulative and interaction effect of various foods and nutrients and can be more easily interpreted by the population, thus assuming particular importance in Public Health. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) and Atlantic Diet (AD) are dietary patterns defined by a hypothesis oriented approach (a priori) and are representative of a particular region and its cultural and social customs, reinforced over several years. Each one has properties that give them the status of healthy diets. In terms of benefits to health, the MD and its components have been extensively associated with a lower cardiovascular risk, and also a protective effect on cancer incidence and mortality, especially breast cancer, prostate, gastric and colorectal cancer has been described. The MD also presents evidence of having a favorable role in the prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, osteoporosis and at the cognitive level. The role of the AD in health, has much less evidence due to its much more recent definition, but it has already been associated with a better cardiovascular profile. Both the MD and AD seem to suffer a kind of decharacterization, with an approximation of the traditional pattern to other patterns of regions that are characteristically different. This westernization of dietary patterns concerns the scientific community in general.
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Sheats, Horace Clifton. "Effects of energy through-put and food attitude patterns in response to food choice, amount and combination while following a strength training and aerobic exercise program." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391147.
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Allitt, Sharon. "STABLE ISOTOPIC INSIGHTS INTO THE SUBSISTENCE PATTERNS OF PREHISTORIC DOGS (CANIS FAMILIARIS) AND THEIR HUMAN COUNTERPARTS IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/136922.
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AnthropologyPh.D.
There are four goals to this study. The first is to investigate the diet of prehistoric dogs (Canis familiaris) in the Northeast region of North America using stable isotope analysis. The second goal of this study is to generate independent data concerning the presence or absence of C4 resources, such as maize, in the diets of dogs. Third, this study investigates the use of dog bone as a proxy for human bone in studies assessing the presence of C4 resources at archaeological sites. The fourth goal of this study is to provide a check on existing interpretations of the material, macro- and micro-botanical records as it concerns the presence or absence of C4 resources at the sites involved in this study. Stable isotope analysis is a science that allows the measuring of the abundance ratio of two stable isotopes of a particular element. Stable isotope analysis can differentiate C4 and C3 plants, as well as terrestrial and marine resources in material such as bone where the chemistry of diet becomes recorded. Given the importance of C4 plants to many prehistoric populations, in the absence of direct evidence identifying their presence at archaeological sites, an alternate method for identification is needed. Maize played an important role in changing human behaviors during prehistory including: decisions to increase sedentism, abuse of power structures, and stratification of gender roles within human populations. Additionally, an overall decrease in health is seen in prehistoric populations who focused their subsistence practices on maize. Dogs were chosen as the focus of this study because related research suggests that their diet tends to mimic human diet. Prehistoric dogs were scavengers, but they were also intentionally fed companions. The suggestion that dog diet in some way mimics human diet means that stable isotope ratios from their bone will reflect the type of resources available for consumption by their human counterparts. As such, this investigation may also indirectly inform on the diets of the American Indian inhabitants of the settlements in which these dog remains originate. Thirty samples of dog bone, dating from the Early Ceramic Period, ca. 3000 B.P. to the Late Woodland and Early Historic Period, were obtained from museum and personal collections, and from ongoing archaeological excavations throughout the Northeast region of North America. Stable isotope analysis was conducted at Notre Dame's Center for Environmental Science and Technology. The results of this analysis indicates that these prehistoric dogs consumed the types of resources represented in the archaeological record with one important exception: consumption of C4 resources, possibly maize, was occurring at several sites where no other evidence of C4 exploitation exists. Of the dogs sampled ten were from pre-agricultural sites in Maine and their stable isotope ratios indicated a diet of marine and terrestrial resources. Nineteen dogs were excavated from components dating to the Late Woodland or Historic Period. During the Late Woodland and Historic Period the C4 plant maize was exploited by many human groups in the study region. Interpretation based on stable isotopes from bone collagen indicates that six of these dogs had isotopic signatures within the range of significant C4 resource consumption. Stable isotope ratios from the remaining dogs indicate a smaller contribution of C4 resources to diet. According to 13C ratios from carbonate three dogs, two from New Jersey (DB2, DB8) and one from Maryland (DB11), had a significant C4 plant component to their diet. The remaining Late Woodland and Historic period dogs most likely consumed minor amounts of C4 resources. In addition to identifying C4 resources in the diet of dogs, the value of assessing isotope data from both collagen and carbonate is investigated. The sample size for this study was small in comparison to the size of the region assessed. Despite the small sample size, this analysis contributes to our knowledge of past dog and human subsistence patterns. Our understanding of the utility of stable isotope studies of human companion species has also expanded. In addition to investigating the presence of C4 resources in the diet of prehistoric dogs, this research provides an alternate line of inquiry to re-assess current interpretations, especially in areas where direct evidence of isotopically identifiable C4 plants, such as maize are currently lacking. The results of this study are applicable first and foremost to the consumption patterns of the individual animals sampled. However, that these dogs were consuming particular resources provides at least a clue of what was under consideration by their human counterparts.
Temple University--Theses
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Fara, Luke J. "MIGRATION PATTERNS, HABITAT USE, PREY ITEMS, AND HUNTER HARVEST OF LONG-TAILED DUCKS (Clangula hyemalis) THAT OVERWINTER ON LAKE MICHIGAN." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2414.
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The long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis; hereafter LTDU) breeds on the arctic tundra across Alaska and Canada and winters south of the ice edge along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, as well as on the Great Lakes. Data suggest that LTDU populations are in decline and, as a result, efforts have been made to better understand their population distributions through satellite telemetry studies. Radio-marked LTDUs from previous studies have shown very little use of Lake Michigan, even though aerial surveys indicate that large concentrations of this species overwinter there. LTDUs using Lake Michigan face a host of conservation issues, such as risk of exposure to type E botulism, bycatch in fishing gear, wind energy development, and a changing ecosystem. Using satellite telemetry, I documented migratory routes and habitat use of LTDUs wintering on Lake Michigan. LTDUs on Lake Michigan were captured via night-lighting and 10 LTDUs were surgically implanted with Telonics platform transmitter terminals (PTTs). Six (60%) radio-marked LTDUs provided information on Lake Michigan habitat use, while only 3 (30%) provided information on migratory routes. The average distance from shore of individual radio-marked LTDUs on Lake Michigan varied from 1.4-7.8 km and average water depths at these locations varied from 16.8-27.7 m during daylight hours. At night, radio-marked LTDUs were located further offshore (averaging 7.3-16.5 km) and at deeper water depths (averaging 59.6-74.8 m). LTDUs tended to move south on Lake Michigan as winter progressed, and then relocated to the north basin before spring migration. James Bay and Hudson Bay were the primary stopover sites during spring and fall migration, and the province of Nunavut, Canada was used during the breeding season. After breeding, radio-marked LTDUs traveled north to waters near Adelaide Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada. Only one radio-marked LTDU provided information for a full migration cycle and it returned to winter on Lake Michigan. Two methods, ocular and molecular examination of the alimentary canal, were used to determine the diets of LTDUs on Lake Michigan. A total of 16 LTDU carcasses were donated by hunters for diet determination. An esophageal, small intestine, and cloacal swab were collected from each carcass for molecular determination of prey species through qPCR analysis. The esophagus of each carcass was then removed and prey items determined to lowest taxonomic level using a dissection microscope (10X Ocular). Molecular methods detected more prey species (4) than ocular methods (1), so molecular methods show promise as a non-lethal means to determine LTDU diets. Quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) was the primary prey item with 100% occurrence. Diporeia spp., yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) were also detected, suggesting that LTDUs are opportunistic feeders. An in-person hunter harvest survey was conducted at Two Rivers, Wisconsin, to determine how environmental variables influenced harvest, to estimate harvest rates, and to gather hunter input regarding hunting regulations on Lake Michigan. Results indicate that LTDUs made up 97% of the total harvest, and that hunters averaged 3.8 LTDUs per day. Harvest of LTDUs was positively correlated with hunter numbers, and wave height was the most influential environmental variable affecting hunter numbers. Results suggest that few hunters go out when wave heights exceed 1.5 m. Hunters indicated that they would prefer a later or longer season on Lake Michigan, and that they were concerned about LTDU populations. Information from this study aids resource managers and scientists as they seek to determine basic information regarding LTDUs that winter on Lake Michigan. Migratory data is important in determining if the eastern population of North American LTDUs should be managed based on wintering and/or breeding distribution, while habitat use information will aid in mitigating impacts from fishing bycatch and future wind energy development. Habitat use and diet data will benefit resource managers and scientists seeking to determine where and how LTDUs may become exposed to avian botulism type E. Diet data will also aid in determining how LTDU diets are changing due to the altered ecosystem in Lake Michigan from introduced and invasive species. Moreover, results from the diet portion of this study suggest that molecular methods, that can be used non-lethally or in combination with lethal methods, show promise for determining LTDU prey items. Information on harvest rates can be used in determining harvest impacts, while hunter perceptions may aid resource managers as they make decisions regarding season structure and limits for LTDUs on Lake Michigan.
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Tam, Yiu-cho. "A comparative study of job satisfaction patterns of tool makers & executives /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1231769X.
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Provo, Casey. "A Longitudinal Analysis of the Dietary Patterns in Overweight/Obese Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Postpartum Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406818450.
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Baker, Rachel. "The Relationship between Physical Activity, Sleep Patterns and DASH dietary Adherence among Hypertensive Adolescents: The DASH-4-Teens Program." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522419725606895.
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Dorman, Jamie. "The Association between Dietary Patterns and Physical Functioning in Older Adults with and without a History of Cancer." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524059729267608.
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Harrison, Lydia Margaret. "Effects of alteration of the dietary amino acid balance on brain neurotransmitter concentrations and patterns of growth and food intake in the chick." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28203.
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Lui, Ying Bik. "The fluid dynamics of pressure die casting processes." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5224.
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The main text of the thesis consists of seven chapters. Following the literature survey, the work in Chapter 2 focuses on the study of the whole process of pressure die casting. The necessity of reclassification against the traditional 'three-stage' description is introduced in order to build a new basic tenet in constructing theoretical and practical investigations, which leads to the creation of fluid dynamic mathematical models of the process. On the basis of Chapter 2, Chapter 3 concentrates on dealing with the computer simulation of filling flow patterns occurring in the third stage that play the most important role in the process. The Simplified Marker And Cell (SMAC) method is used to obtain the computational results of the filling patterns of pressure die casting processes. On the basis of the computational analysis of typical examples, the viscosity, gravitational force and velocity effects on the overall filling pattern are examined, that lead to a validation of the important hypothesis that an ideal liquid can be used in numerical simulation of filling patterns and this enables one to achieve a more effective computer program for a complex cavity by quasi-3D or 3D models. Chapter 4 treats a specific problem of the residual flow that exists in the final (fifth) stage of the process. Mathematical models of residual flow are derived. Chapter 5 mainly consists of two parts. The first part deals with the application of similitude laws for simulating flows in pressure die casting processes. Detailed analyses and criteria on different relationships between model and prototype are given in order to correct previously offered formulae by Eckert (1989). The results of numerical simulation presented in Chapter 3 are also extended to validate the similitude criteria. The second part of Chapter 5 presents the use of a charge coupled device(CCD) for studying the diversity of fluid motion including the filling pattern, residual flow, thermals and air entrapment during cavity-fill and post cavity-fill within a one single shot cavity filling in water analogue experiments. A discussion, conclusions and suggestions for further study of the subject concerned are presented in Chapters 6 and Chapter 7.
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Blaut, Jessica A. "The relationship between diet self-monitoring and healthful dietary pattern changes in adolescents with elevated blood pressure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367937841.
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