Academic literature on the topic 'Diel activity patterns'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diel activity patterns"
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Selvan, Kangaraj Muthamizh, Bawa Mothilal Krishnakumar, Pasiyappazham Ramasamy, and Thangadurai Thinesh. "Diel activity pattern of meso-carnivores in the suburban tropical dry evergreen forest of the Coromandel Coast, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 8 (June 26, 2019): 13960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4850.11.8.13960-13966.
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Sympatric and similar body-sized species exhibit interspecific competition for resources. The present study investigated diel activity of five meso-carnivore species (Canis aureus, Felis chaus, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Viverricula indica, and Herpestes edwardsii) in a human-dominated region of Auroville and around Pondicherry University using camera-trap survey data. Diel activity pattern and overlap were estimated using the kernel density method. The Jungle Cat Felis chaus and the Golden Jackal Canis aureus exhibited cathemeral diel activity with a high overlap between them (Δ̂1 = 0.78). The Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii displayed a diurnal activity pattern and had low overlap with the Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica (Δ̂1 = 0.34). Moderate overlap was found between the Small Indian Civet and the Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Δ̂1 = 0.32). Therefore, diel activity patterns of mesocarnivores indicate inter- and intra-specific trade-off competition avoidance resulting in successful foraging. The present camera-trap survey has provided insights into diel activity patterns and more attention is required to be paid to the study of feeding and breeding ecology of these species in human-dominated landscapes.
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Boyer, S., L. Maillot, L.-C. Gouagna, D. Fontenille, D. D. Chadee, and G. Lemperiere. "Diel Activity Patterns of MaleAedes albopictusin the Laboratory." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 29, no. 1 (March 2013): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/12-6259r.1.
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Frampton, Geoff K., Paul J. Van den Brink, and Steve D. Wratten. "Diel activity patterns in an arable collembolan community." Applied Soil Ecology 17, no. 1 (May 2001): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-1393(00)00128-1.
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Primavera, J. Honculada, and J. Lebata. "Diel activity patterns in Metapenaeus and Penaeus juveniles." Hydrobiologia 295, no. 1-3 (January 1995): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00029136.
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Angielczyk, K. D., and L. Schmitz. "Nocturnality in synapsids predates the origin of mammals by over 100 million years." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1793 (October 22, 2014): 20141642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1642.
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Nocturnality is widespread among extant mammals and often considered the ancestral behavioural pattern for all mammals. However, mammals are nested within a larger clade, Synapsida, and non-mammalian synapsids comprise a rich phylogenetic, morphological and ecological diversity. Even though non-mammalian synapsids potentially could elucidate the early evolution of diel activity patterns and enrich the understanding of synapsid palaeobiology, data on their diel activity are currently unavailable. Using scleral ring and orbit dimensions, we demonstrate that nocturnal activity was not an innovation unique to mammals but a character that appeared much earlier in synapsid history, possibly several times independently. The 24 Carboniferous to Jurassic non-mammalian synapsid species in our sample featured eye morphologies consistent with all major diel activity patterns, with examples of nocturnality as old as the Late Carboniferous ( ca 300 Ma). Carnivores such as Sphenacodon ferox and Dimetrodon milleri , but also the herbivorous cynodont Tritylodon longaevus were likely nocturnal, whereas most of the anomodont herbivores are reconstructed as diurnal. Recognizing the complexity of diel activity patterns in non-mammalian synapsids is an important step towards a more nuanced picture of the evolutionary history of behaviour in the synapsid clade.
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Cooper, William E., Carolee Caffrey, and Laurie J. Vitt. "Diel Activity Patterns in the Banded Gecko, Coleonyx variegatus." Journal of Herpetology 19, no. 2 (June 1985): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564192.
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Kaartvedt, S. "Diel activity patterns in deep-living cumaceans and amphipods." Marine Ecology Progress Series 30 (1986): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps030243.
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Mulder, I. M., J. B. Dempson, I. A. Fleming, and M. Power. "Diel activity patterns in overwintering Labrador anadromous Arctic charr." Hydrobiologia 840, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-3926-7.
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Lobo, Jorge M., and Eva Cuesta. "Seasonal variation in the diel activity of a dung beetle assemblage." PeerJ 9 (July 12, 2021): e11786. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11786.
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The seasonal and diel variations of dung beetle species were studied in an Iberian mid-mountain locality to examine the interaction between these two temporal rhythms. We assume that a seasonal variation in the diel activity would support the notion that both rhythms may assist in achieving a quick and flexible response when the climatic conditions change. Data coming from 4,104 pitfall traps placed during 15 sampling periods and totalling 30 daily sampling cycles were analysed using circular statistics and General Linear Models. A wide variety of seasonal patterns are observed, highlighting those species with a clear unimodal or spring-autumn bimodal seasonal pattern. However, a midday diel pattern is the norm in most of the species, except in the case of those exhibiting a high body weight that prefer dusk or night periods. We hypothesize that most of the dung beetle species fly at noon to promote the passive heating of their muscle activity and minimize the metabolic energy expenditure. Results only partially support the seasonal variation in diel activity. Diel preferences are mainly manifested at the time of the year in which the abundance is greater. Approximately two-thirds of the considered species exhibit a similar diel activity along their seasonal active period. As consequence, a significant portion of the dung beetle species currently inhabiting Mediterranean mid-mountains are not able to use the daily variation in climatic conditions to limit the inconveniences of climate change.
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Hertel, Anne G., Jon E. Swenson, and Richard Bischof. "A case for considering individual variation in diel activity patterns." Behavioral Ecology 28, no. 6 (September 11, 2017): 1524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arx122.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Diel activity patterns"
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Olivares, Requena Manuel. "Patterns of activity in marine planktonic copepods: diel rhythms and driving factors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672940.
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Marine planktonic copepods play a key ecological role in pelagic food webs. The study of their patterns of activity is fundamental in order to better understand the processes involved in the transfer of energy from lower trophic levels to higher- level consumers in marine ecosystems. This thesis is an attempt to deepen the knowledge of the factors that affect the activity patterns of marine copepods. Some of these aspects had not been addressed previously and others still required further investigation. In particular, this thesis primarily focuses on the study of daily and diel patterns of feeding of marine planktonic copepods, and the influence of factors like ontogeny, gender, food availability, predation threat, light conditions, mutigenerational rearing in the laboratory, and temperature. The experimental work carried out in this thesis mostly consisted of laboratory incubations using wild and laboratory-reared specimens of the calanoid copepods Centropages typicus and Paracartia grani. Among the main findings in this thesis are the stage- and gender-specific differences in the feeding patterns of marine planktonic copepods. Moreover, we analyzed the role of predation risk and that of other factors in the modulation of feeding rhythms, and also evaluated the physiological costs related to temperature fluctuations involved in diel vertical migration. The new insights obtained in this thesis will certainly increase our capability to estimate the grazing impact of copepod populations in plankton communities, and will allow us to obtain better estimates of energy transfer in marine pelagic food webs.Els copèpodes planctònics tenen un paper ecològic clau en les xarxes tròfiques pelàgiques marines. L'estudi dels seus patrons d'activitat és fonamental per a comprendre millor els processos involucrats en la transferència d'energia des dels nivells tròfics inferiors cap als consumidors superiors en els ecosistemes marins. Aquesta tesi és un intent d’aprofundir en el coneixement sobre els factors que modulen els patrons d'activitat dels copèpodes marins. Alguns d'aquests aspectes no s'havien estudiat prèviament i altres encara requerien més investigació. En particular, aquesta tesi se centra principalment en l'estudi dels patrons diaris d'alimentació dels copèpodes planctònics marins i la influència de factors com l'ontogènia, el gènere, la disponibilitat d'aliment, l'amenaça de depredació, les condicions de llum, la criança multigeneracional al laboratori i la temperatura. El treball experimental dut a terme en aquesta tesi ha consistit majoritàriament en incubacions de laboratori utilitzant espècimens salvatges i de laboratori dels copèpodes calanoids Centropages typicus i Paracartia grani. Entre les principals troballes en aquesta tesi destaquen les diferències en els patrons d'alimentació entre estadis de desenvolupament i entre sexes de copèpodes planctònics marins. També s'analitza el paper del risc de depredació i el d'altres factors en la modulació dels ritmes d'alimentació i s'avaluen els costos fisiològics relacionats amb les fluctuacions de temperatura implicades en la migració vertical diària. Els nous coneixements obtinguts en aquesta tesi augmentaran la nostra capacitat per estimar l'impacte de la depredació de les poblacions de copèpodes en les comunitats de plàncton i ens permetran obtenir millors estimes de la transferència energètica en les xarxes tròfiques pelàgiques marines.
Los copépodos planctónicos desempeñan un papel ecológico clave en las redes tróficas pelágicas marinas. El estudio de sus patrones de actividad es fundamental para comprender mejor los procesos involucrados en la transferencia de energía desde los niveles tróficos inferiores a los consumidores superiores en los ecosistemas marinos. Esta tesis es un intento de profundizar en el conocimiento sobre los factores que modulan los patrones de actividad de los copépodos marinos. Algunos de estos aspectos no se habían estudiado previamente y otros aún requerían más investigación. En particular, esta tesis se centra principalmente en el estudio de los patrones diarios de alimentación de los copépodos planctónicos marinos y la influencia de factores como la ontogenia, el género, la disponibilidad de alimento, la amenaza de depredación, las condiciones de luz, la crianza multigeneracional en el laboratorio y la temperatura. El trabajo experimental llevado a cabo en esta tesis ha consistido mayoritariamente en incubaciones de laboratorio utilizando especímenes salvajes y de laboratorio de los copépodos calanoideos Centropages typicus y Paracartia grani. Entre los principales hallazgos en esta tesis destacan las diferencias en los patrones de alimentación entre estadios de desarrollo y entre sexos de copépodos planctónicos marinos. También se analiza el papel del riesgo de depredación y el de otros factores en la modulación de los ritmos de alimentación y se evalúan los costes fisiológicos relacionados con las fluctuaciones de temperatura implicadas en la migración vertical diaria. Los nuevos conocimientos obtenidos en esta tesis aumentarán nuestra capacidad para estimar el impacto de la depredación de las poblaciones de copépodos en las comunidades de plancton y nos permitirán obtener mejores estimaciones de la transferencia energética en las redes tróficas pelágicas marinas.
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Quinney, Tom. "The Diel Patterns of Glucosidase Activity and Dissolved Carbohydrates in South Florida Coastal Waters." NSUWorks, 1998. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/324.
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The response of diel extracellular α and β-glucosidase activity to in situ dissolved carbohydrates was explored in coastal marine waters. The hypothesis being tested was to determine whether natural substrate could regulate enzyme activity. Relative enzyme activity was determined using artificial 4-methylumbelliferone (MUF) substrate derivatives at low substrate concentrations (300 nM). Disssolved carbohydrate concentrations were measured using the 3-methyl-2-benzothlazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) method: a spectrophotometric determination of monosaccharide concentrations. Six studies were conducted and p-glucosidase activity (BOA) was found to be positively correlated with dissolved polysaccharide concentrations (PCHO) in two studies which suggests that PCHO can potentially regulate BOA. A significant inverse correlation (Spearman) between dissolved monosaccharides (MCHO) and β-glucosidase activity was found in one study suggesting that MCHO was capable of repressing and/or inhibiting the activity of β-glucosidase under some conditions. Three significant positive relationships were found between α-glucosidase (AOA) and BOA suggesting that there was a tight coupling between substrate release and hydrolysis. No obvious relationships were found between hydrolytic enzymes and dissolved carbohydrates in three diel studies. This may have been due to uncontrollable factors such as nutrient limitation, grazing and the inability to distinguish between α- and β-glucans. Combined data for PCHO and BOA showed an inverse relationship suggesting that high levels of naturally occurring PCHO may compete with MUF-β-glucans for β-glucosidase active sites causing a lower rate of MUF-β-glucan hydrolysis.
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Fahy, Daniel P. "Diel Activity Patterns, Space Utilization, Seasonal Distribution and Population Structure of the Yellow Stingray, Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1817) in South Florida with Comments on Reproduction." NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/121.
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The yellow stingray, Urobatis jamaicensis is the most common elasmobranch in the coastal waters of Southeast Florida. Despite their common occurrence the ecology of yellow stingrays remains poorly understood. In particular, yellow stingray daily movements, space utilization, seasonal distribution and population structure have not been described. This study was conducted to address the lack of knowledge of these fundamental life history parameters and to provide further information on the ecology of U. jamaicensis in coastal waters of Broward County, Florida.
The activity patterns and space utilization of U. jamaicensis were assessed by manual tracking with ultrasonic telemetry. Telemetry tracking of 17 stingrays was conducted from January 1998 to September 2001 with data presented on eight individuals tracked for a full diel cycle (24 h). Tracking data was analyzed with the Animal Movement Analysis Extension (AMAE) in Arcview® GIS to provide graphical representation of observed movements within the complex series of reef terraces and hardbottom communities of Broward County. Bottom topography had considerable influence on the space utilization of stingrays and observed movements varied with location in relation to proximity from the reef edge/sand interface. Movement was intermittent throughout the day, but displayed a highly significant increase during the nocturnal and crepuscular phases in comparison to diurnal movements. Nearly all stingrays demonstrated confined movements and indicated strong site fixity, which may imply the existence of home ranging behavior. The 95% (total 24h activity space) and the 50% (core area) Kernel Utilization Distributions (KUD) were constructed to visually display the shape and size of activity spaces. The data was pooled together for the eight individuals tracked for a full diel cycle and divided into four 6-h shifts. Statistically significant larger activity spaces for both the 95% KUD and the 50% KUD were observed during the nocturnal activity phase.
Seasonal distribution was assessed to determine animal residency within the study site and ascertain the occurrence and temporal patterns of onshore/offshore movements. Stationary visual fish census techniques (point counts) from several studies conducted in Broward County from January 1998 to December 2003 were combined to determine the level of abundance across three reef tracts, throughout the entire length of the county. Data was tested for monthly and seasonal differences and for variation between reefs. Analysis of seasonal distribution established population residency is year-round with no indication of offshore emigration associated with a temperature preference.
Population structure analyses were conducted to determine the sex ratio and size distribution of U. jamaicensis to examine any potential gender segregation or ontogenetic partitioning. The sex ratio was compared for differences monthly, seasonally and between reefs for expected vs. observed frequencies. Only spring observations (March, April, May) evidenced a statistically significant difference from a 1:1 ratio, where females dominated the inshore observations 20F:8M. Average size of both genders was 333mm TL, however, females dominated the larger size classes (>350mm TL). Few neonates were observed during this study with most observations occurring in shallow inshore water (depth), suggesting a nearshore nursery. Increased abundance and presence on the offshore reef among intermediate size classes (250-299mm to 300-349mm) suggests a potential ontogenetic shift to deeper water. Observations on the seasonal patterns of the reproductive condition of female yellow stingrays are also provided.
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Mariton, Léa. "Taking light pollution effects on biodiversity into account in conservation measures : challenges and prospects. Case study of European bat species." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS011.
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Ce dernier siècle, les lumières électriques ont proliféré, modifiant l’environnement nocturne. Des études scientifiques alertent sur les effets négatifs de la lumière artificielle nocturne (LAN) qui perturbe de nombreux processus écologiques et de taxons. Notre objectif a ainsi été de combler des manques de connaissances afin d’aider à une meilleure considération des effets de la pollution lumineuse sur la biodiversité dans les mesures de conservation. Nous avons utilisé les chiroptères comme modèles biologiques car ce sont de bons bioindicateurs de l’effet des pressions anthropiques sur la biodiversité et, étant nocturnes, ils sont directement exposés à la LAN. Nous avons préconisé de considérer la distribution temporelle des espèces dans les mesures de conservation, un prérequis étant de connaître leur écologie temporelle. Nous avons utilisé les données d’un programme national de suivis acoustiques des chiroptères (Vigie-Chiro) pour étudier leur rythme d’activité nocturne (9807 nuits, 20 espèces). Nous avons montré que les espèces pouvaient être séparées en trois groupes ayant une activité crépusculaire, en cœur de nuit ou intermédiaire, avec des variations des rythmes d’activité selon les saisons. La prise en compte de ces rythmes complexes aiderait à concevoir des mesures de conservation efficaces, par exemple, en définissant des extinctions partielles de la LAN adaptées à des espèces cibles. La plupart des chiroptères émergeant tôt sont des espèces « tolérantes à la lumière » pouvant se nourrir sous les lampadaires. Cependant, à l’échelle du paysage, ces espèces semblent moins abondantes à cause de la LAN. Cela pourrait s’expliquer par des perturbations de leur rythme d’activité influant possiblement les dynamiques de population. A l’aide des données Vigie-Chiro, nous avons testé si la LAN induisait de telles perturbations pour une de ces espèces (Eptesicus serotinus). La LAN, et dans une moindre mesure la lumière de la lune, réduisaient son abondance. La LAN retardait son activité, ce décalage était amplifié par la couverture nuageuse, possiblement à cause de son effet amplificateur du halo lumineux. Des analyses complémentaires ont suggéré que la LAN retardait l’activité de deux autres espèces « tolérantes à la lumière ». Ainsi, même ces espèces devraient être protégées de la LAN. Lorsqu’éclairer est nécessaire, changer l’intensité, la direction ou le spectre des éclairages sont des mesures de réduction possibles. Nous assistons à une modernisation des éclairages avec des diodes électroluminescentes (LEDs). Malgré des impacts potentiels sur la biodiversité, peu d’études se sont intéressées à cette évolution. En réanalysant les données d’une étude publiée, nous avons montré que les changements de spectre et d’intensité accompagnant cette évolution avaient des effets additifs et interactifs sur les chiroptères. Quand l’intensité des LEDs augmentait, leur activité décroissait. Avec les données Vigie-Chiro, nous avons montré que les LEDs pouvait réduire la connectivité du paysage pour les chiroptères, cet impact étant atténué en orientant mieux les lumières. Nous avons recommandé d’utiliser des LEDs avec des couleurs plus chaudes et de moindre intensité. Evaluer l’effet de la LAN sur la biodiversité implique des approches spatio-temporelles multi-échelles. Malgré les manques, il y a désormais suffisamment de preuves de l’impact de la LAN sur les écosystèmes. Les mesures de réduction étant en développement, évaluer leur efficacité et les améliorations possibles est indispensable. Penser la réduction de la LAN à l’échelle du paysage est une évolution impérative, d’où l’émergence du concept de trame noire. Un projet pluridisciplinaire sur les pratiques communales d’éclairage et leurs évolutions a été initié pendant cette thèse. En effet, puisque la LAN n’a pas que des implications écologiques, mais aussi sanitaires et socio-culturelles, une perspective transdisciplinaire est indispensable pour changer nos façons d’éclairerElectric lights have proliferated rapidly over the last century and have changed the night-time environment globally. Over the past decades, scientific studies have shown the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) on biodiversity. Light pollution has been shown to disrupt a wide range of ecological processes and taxa. In this PhD, we aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps that could prevent the effects of light pollution on biodiversity from being effectively addressed by mitigation measures. We used bats as model species because they are considered good indicators of the effect of anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity and because, being nocturnal, they are directly exposed to ALAN.We advocated considering the temporal distribution of species in conservation measures, a prerequisite being to have access to knowledge on their temporal ecology. We used data from a national bat monitoring program (Vigie-Chiro) based on acoustic monitoring to characterise bat diel activity patterns (9807 nights monitored, 20 species). We found that bat species could be separated into three functional groups characterised by a crepuscular activity, an activity that occurs when it is completely dark or an intermediate activity. We showed variations of diel activity patterns depending on the season. Accounting for these complex diel activity patterns would help to design efficient mitigation measures. For instance, it would allow the design of part-night lighting schemes covering the range of activity of the target species. Early emerging bats are mostly “light tolerant” species known to feed on insects attracted to lights. However, at the landscape scale, these species tend to be less abundant because of ALAN. This could be explained by disruptions in the diel activity patterns of bats due to ALAN, with potential consequences for population dynamics. Using the Vigie-Chiro dataset, we tested whether ALAN was responsible for such disruptions on a “light tolerant” species (Eptesicus serotinus). ALAN, and to a lesser extent moonlight, reduced its abundance. ALAN delayed activity, this delay was amplified during overcast nights, probably because cloud cover amplified skyglow. Further analyses suggested that two other “light tolerant” species might delay their activity because of ALAN. Thus, even “light tolerant” species should be protected from light pollution. Where it is not possible to switch off lights, other mitigation measures include changing the intensity, directionality and spectrum of light. Many countries are retrofitting lighting equipment with light emitting diodes (LEDs). Despite potential impacts on biodiversity, few studies have focused on this shift. By reanalysing the data from a previously published study, we found that changes in light spectrum and intensity during such a shift have additive and interactive effects on bats. Bat activity decreased with increasing LED intensity. Using the Vigie-Chiro dataset, we showed that the adoption of LEDs would decrease landscape connectivity for bats, with this impact possibly being mitigated by better orienting the light flux. We recommended using LEDs with warmer colours and reduced light intensity. Multiscale spatiotemporal approaches are needed to assess ALAN effect on biodiversity. Although some knowledge gaps remain, there is overwhelming evidence of the impact of light pollution on ecosystems. Mitigation measures are being developed, so there is a need to assess their effectiveness and possible improvements. Considering the reduction of ALAN at the landscape scale is a necessary next step, hence the emergence of the concept of dark ecological networks. A transdisciplinary project on lighting practices and their evolution in municipalities was initiated during this PhD. Indeed, as ALAN has not only ecological but also health and socio-cultural implications, a transdisciplinary perspective is needed to shift the paradigm from conventional lighting to new forms of lighting
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Siebenaller, Angela D. "Differences in Dietary Intake and Physical Activity Patterns Among Young Adults." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268223353.
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Kao, Zoe M. "Trait Evolution in Anseriformes: Is Evolution of Body Mass, Diet, Locomotory Behavior, and Diel Activity Pattern Correlated?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/345.
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The morphologies and behaviors of animals evolve and diversify, filling ecological niches in their environments. In this study I examine how a morphological trait, body mass, and three ecological traits, namely diel activity patterns, diving/non-diving locomotion, and diet, evolve in the Anseriformes (waterfowl). Through ancestral state reconstructions using a maximum likelihood approach the evolution of these traits was compared to see if any patterns of trait coevolution emerged. Body mass was compared to each ecological trait using a phylogenetic ANOVA to test if there were body size differences between ecological groups. The pattern of male and female body mass evolution across the clade was found to be remarkably similar, indicating that selection effected body mass in similar ways between the sexes. Diving locomotion appears to be the ancestral state for Anseriformes with non-diving independently evolving probably five times. The ancestral state of diet appears to be either herbivory or omnivory, with carnivory secondarily evolving twice independently. For diel activity patterns, the ancestral state reconstruction showed little resolution at the internal nodes, indicating the high degree of plasticity in this trait among the species studied. Body mass in both males and females was not significantly correlated with any particular diet, diving locomotion, or diel activity pattern.
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Baker, Rachel. "The Relationship between Physical Activity, Sleep Patterns and DASH dietary Adherence among Hypertensive Adolescents: The DASH-4-Teens Program." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522419725606895.
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Machicek, Michelle L. "Reconstructing diet, health and activity patterns in early nomadic pastoralist communities of inner Asia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14581/.
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From the distant past until the present day, the archetypal image of the vast steppe lands of Inner Asia has been represented by populations practicing various forms of nomadic pastoralism as their predominant means of subsistence and way of life. While existing research in this region has focussed on questions pertaining to empire formations and interactions, as well as social and political complexity, a more developed understanding of diet, health, and activity patterns has yet to be established. Towards this end, the broad aim of this dissertation entails the reconstruction of diet, health and activity in discrete populations which inhabited this region from c. 1500 BCE to CE 600. These objectives have been addressed through a comprehensive research programme involving osteological and chemical analyses of human skeletal remains, derived from archaeological sites located throughout modern-day southern Siberia, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Kyrgyzstan. Additional skeletal samples dating from c. CE 1200 to 1300 and a late historic sample from c. CE 1700 to 1900 have been included to provide a comparative framework for the earlier material under study. This dissertation aimed to challenge assumptions, which often presuppose a predominantly mobile pastoralist lifestyle for many of these populations, by providing indirect and direct evidence for dietary habits and evidence for workload and activity patterns. Long-term dietary intake was investigated through the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes on both human skeletal remains and associated archaeological faunal material. Diet has also been assessed through a comprehensive study of dental pathology and dental wear analysis. Health and nutrition has been assessed through the study of dental pathology, linear enamel hypoplasia, and degenerative joint disease. Workload and activity patterns have been addressed through the combined analysis of musculo-skeletal stress markers and degenerative joint disease. The key results of this dissertation indicate dietary variation and similarities in distinct communities which are related to food procurement strategies carried out at local group levels. The results of the isotopic and dental pathology analyses indicate dietary variation in discrete groups which may have been labelled under the same terms historically and archaeologically, but based on these findings did not necessarily engage in identical subsistence regimes. In addition, the results of the isotopic analyses reflect the influence of the inhabitation of and environments on 615N isotopic signatures and reinforce the need for contextualising isotopic results within local environmental settings. The analysis of degenerative joint disease, coupled with musculo-skeletal stress marker recording has provided an indication of variation in workload and health between discrete groups. Based on these results workload variation and activity patterns have been found to be relatable to local food production activities and social circumstances of particular groups. Finally, the combined analyses presented in this dissertation have provided a firm basis for reconstructing past lifeways of these populations by presenting a more thorough understanding of diet, health and group activities. In addition, this assessment provides a foundation for future research in these areas, which will continue to contribute to our knowledge of the ancient communities of this region.
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Jooste, Erin Cecilia. "Ecology and diet of the caracal (Caracal caracal) on lethal and non-lethal control farms in the Karoo." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8137.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScHuman-wildlife conflict is an ongoing issue worldwide. Within South Africa, human-carnivore conflict (HCC) as a result of carnivore depredation on small-livestock causes large-scale losses, and promotes the use of predator management tools by farmers. Despite being one of the major offenders involved in HCC, caracals, and their ecology in particular, are understudied. This is mainly due to high levels of persecution, coupled with their elusive nature. Within the Karoo region of South Africa, pastoralists make use of large-scale lethal predator controls in an attempt to remove the offenders, or non-lethal predator controls to protect livestock and deter predators. However, the effects of these various predator control techniques on caracal ecology have not been widely tested. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were, firstly, to assess caracal diet on lethal and non-lethal treatment farms in the Karoo; secondly, to investigate the drivers of caracal habitat selection on a non-lethal farm in the Karoo; and finally, to evaluate caracal activity patterns on the non-lethal farm. To do this, I made use of two non-invasive techniques (i.e. scat analysis and camera trapping). Caracals appeared to favour natural prey across all sites, with livestock remains only found in scats collected at the lethal treatment farm. Caracals had the broadest dietary breadth on the non-lethal treatment site, and the narrowest on the lethal treatment site. The main components of caracal diet included small mammals, lagomorphs, rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis), wild ungulates and arthropods. Caracal habitat selection was explained by resource dispersion and environmental features Interestingly, the presence of livestock was not a major consideration in caracal habitat selection. Caracals were mainly nocturnal but became increasingly crepuscular during winter. In addition, caracal activity overlapped significantly with black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas), lagomorphs and common duikers (Sylvicapra grimmia). Caracals showed plasticity in their activity patterns based on seasonal temperature fluctuations, and partially human avoidance. This study contributes to understanding how caracal ecology differs on differently managed livestock farms. Throughout this study, the importance of both a natural prey base, as well as natural lands to caracal survival have been revealed. These findings can contribute to caracal conservation in HCC areas.
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Edler, Melissa. "A comparative analysis of hippocampus size and ecological factors in primates." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1184945831.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed March 27, 2008). Advisor: Chet C. Sherwood. Keywords: hippocampus, spatial memory, diet, habitat, home range, activity pattern, primate, independent contrast. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-89).
Books on the topic "Diel activity patterns"
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Broderick, Desmond. Diet and activity patterns of children in primary schools in Ireland. Dublin: St. Patrick's College, 2000.
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Holland, Debra Lancaster. Differences in the diel activity patterns of the salamanders Desmognathus quadramaculatus and D. monticola. 1989.
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Primavera, J. Honculada, and J. Lebata. "Diel activity patterns in Metapenaeus and Penaeus juveniles." In Asia-Pacific Symposium on Mangrove Ecosystems, 295–302. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0289-6_33.
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Markowitz, Tim M., Wendy J. Markowitz, Bernd Würsig, and Dara N. Orbach. "Sociosexual Behavior of Nocturnally Foraging Dusky and Spinner Dolphins." In Sex in Cetaceans, 307–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_14.
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AbstractDusky and spinner dolphins are small-bodied odontocetes that show variation in socioecology across their range. New Zealand dusky dolphins and Hawaiian spinner dolphins of deep nearshore waters feed nocturnally upon prey species associated with the deep scattering layer, leaving the daytime free for rest and social interaction, often close to shore. In this chapter, we investigate relationships between foraging ecology, diel activity patterns, and sociosexual activities of dusky and spinner dolphins in breeding and nonbreeding contexts. We review similarities and differences between dusky and spinner dolphins related to mating strategies and tactics, socioecology, and evolution. We examine the effects of breeding season and variation in male testis mass and female receptivity on mating behavior. We further explore the influence of sociosexual behavior on female social grouping and calf rearing.
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Popkin, Barry M. "Global Changes in Diet and Activity Patterns as Drivers of the Nutrition Transition." In Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series: Pediatric Program, 1–14. Basel: KARGER, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000209967.
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Heesy, Christopher P., and Callum F. Ross. "Mosaic Evolution of Activity Pattern, Diet, and Color Vision in Haplorhine Primates." In Anthropoid Origins, 665–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8873-7_24.
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Hiscock, M. J., D. A. Scruton, J. A. Brown, and C. J. Pennell. "Diel activity pattern of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in early and late winter." In Aquatic Telemetry, 161–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0771-8_18.
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"Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium." In Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium, edited by Nicolas W. R. Lapointe, Ryan K. Saylor, and Paul L. Angermeier. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874585.ch6.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Understanding the diel activity of a species can shed light on potential interactions with other species and inform management practices. To understand the diel activity of Northern Snakehead <em>Channa argus</em>, feeding habits and movement patterns were observed. Two hundred seventy-three Northern Snakehead were captured by boat electrofishing during May and June of 2007 and 2008. Their gut contents were extracted and preserved. The level of digestion of each prey item was estimated from fresh (1) to >50% digested (4) or empty (5). Random forest models were used to predict feeding activity based on time of day, tide level, date, water temperature, fish total length, and sex. Diel movement patterns were assessed by implanting Northern Snakehead with radio transmitters and monitoring them every 1.5 h for 24 h in both March and July 2007. Movement rates were compared between March and July and among four daily time periods. Independent variables accounted for only 6% of the variation in feeding activity; however, temporal feeding patterns were apparent. No fresh items were observed in guts between 12:30 and 7:30 am, and the proportion of empty stomachs increased at the end of May coinciding with the onset of spawning. Overall, fish moved greater distances during the July tracking period compared to March. Fish showed a greater propensity to move during daylight hours than at night during the March tracking period. A similar but nonsignificant (<EM>P </EM>> 0.05) pattern was observed in July. Movement and feeding data both indicated greater activity during daylight hours than at night, suggesting that Northern Snakehead is a diurnal species. Based on our preliminary findings, we hypothesize that a) diurnal species are more susceptible than nocturnal species to predation by Northern Snakehead and b) Northern Snakehead are more likely to compete for food with diurnal than nocturnal predators.
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"Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America." In Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America, edited by Trent M. Sutton and Stephen H. Bowen. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874134.ch8.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Larval lampreys are burrowing suspension feeders in streams that efficiently use organic detritus as their primary nutrient source. Although larval lampreys often exhibit daily patterns in activity (being most active at night), diel variations in food habits and feeding behavior have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether larval northern brook lampreys <em>Ichthyomyzon fossor</em> exhibit diel periodicity in diet composition, assimilation efficiency, or gut fullness. Larvae were collected at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period from the Pike and Pilgrim rivers, Michigan. Organic detritus composed most of the diet ash-free-dry-mass (AFDM) for each sampling period, and averaged 94.7% and 97.4% for the Pike and Pilgrim rivers, respectively. Assimilation efficiency of AFDM averaged 61.3% (range, 55.7–68.9%) for the Pike River and 87.5% (range, 80.8–94.3%) for the Pilgrim River. Gut fullness in the Pike and Pilgrim rivers was low, averaging 0.23 (range, 0.18–0.30) and 0.20 (0.14–0.25) mg diet AFDM per grams larvae, respectively. Although gut fullness did vary slightly on a diel basis, larval northern brook lampreys feed continuously but slowly in order to achieve a high rate of assimilation from a low-quality food resource.
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Blake, Stephen, Patricia Isabela Tapia, Kamran Safi, and Diego Ellis-Soto. "Diet, behavior, and activity patterns." In Galapagos Giant Tortoises, 207–39. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817554-5.00025-3.
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Abbasalizad Farhangi, Mahdieh, and Ali Hojati. "Dietary Patterns and Rheumatoid Arthritis." In Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Agonizing Skeletal Triad, 96–113. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815196085123010009.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease that impairs patients' capacity to engage in everyday activities and deteriorates their quality of life. The disease develops in genetically vulnerable individuals via an autoimmune inflammatory process triggered by environmental stimuli. Diet and nutrition are potential environmental variables influencing the start and progression of the disease. Traditionally, nutrition and disease research has examined the relationships between individual nutrients, foods, or dietary groupings and risk factors with health outcomes. By examining food consumption in terms of dietary patterns, it is possible to gain complete knowledge of the combined effects of nutrients and foods on chronic illnesses. The Mediterranean, DASH, and vegetarian diets are preventive dietary patterns, whereas the Western diet stimulates RA activity.
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Popkin, Barry M. "The implications of the nutrition transition for obesity in the developing world." In Obesity prevention and public health, 75–98. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198566007.003.0005.
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Abstract Dietary and physical activity patterns around the world have shifted at accelerated rates over the past decade. Rapid increases in the globalization of the food supply and food distribution networks, technology related to work and leisure, and the coverage of modern mass media are key global causal factors. Each of these global forces, along with urbanization and other shifts at the local level, underlie the quickening of the rate of change of diet and activity patterns of large subpopulation groups among most countries in the world. The resultant shifts in dietary patterns and away from energy-intense, market-oriented economic and home production-oriented work, travel, and leisure toward increased sedentarianism and lower overall physical activity levels have occurred concurrently.
Conference papers on the topic "Diel activity patterns"
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Guo, Jiaqi, Luotao Lin, Marah M. Aqeel, Saul B. Gelfand, Heather A. Eicher-Miller, Anindya Bhadra, Erin Hennessy, Elizabeth A. Richards, and Edward J. Delp. "Joint Temporal Patterns By Integrating Diet and Physical Activity." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Digital Health (ICDH). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdh60066.2023.00011.
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Plavina, Liana. "Healthy Diet and Regular Physical Activities for Support Endurance and Fitness." In 15th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2022.15.026.
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Balanced diet and regular physical activities are essential for support health status, physical fitness and endurance, and decrease the risk of health disorders and morbidity. Balanced diet that cover physiological requirements and needs is a very important for support physical fitness and improve the quality of recovering processes after physical load. Knowledge and skills of individuals allow making good and right choice of daily essential nutrients and keeping optimal health status and improve physical endurance. The aim of the study to analyse cadets` daily dietary habits and knowledge in nutritional education on the base of questionnaire and elaborate adapted to respondents. Cadets` daily dietary habits and knowledge in nutritional education analysed on the base of questionnaire that elaborated and adapted to respondents of study group. The study group included 73 persons of both gender (male N= 65, and female N= 7) in aged from 20 years until 35 years. Questionnaire included 22 questions about daily dietary habits, menu planning, nutrients levels, food products consumption, and composition. Only 30.5 % of respondents interested into eating adapted dietary patterns and follow to dietary recommendations. Supervision of dietary habits, water consumption, dietary patterns are essential for health capacity support done by 73.6% of respondents. Quality and quantity characteristics of dietary patterns are essential for support physical and mental activity. Balanced and moderate diet is essential for improving working capacities, diminished fatigue, improve concentration capacities and support mental activity as a result provide wellbeing and welfare of individuals.
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Kris-Etherton, Penny. "The Essentiality of a Healthy Dietary Pattern Across the Lifespan for Reducing the Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vgsg6979.
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Penny Kris-Etherton PhD RD FAHA FASN FNLA CLS;Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally and in the U.S. Many risk factors, including an abnormal lipid/lipoprotein profile and high blood pressure (BP) increase CVD risk. A healthy dietary pattern decreases major CVD risk factors. Diet and lifestyle factors that affect lipids/lipoproteins include: macronutrients (i.e., saturated fat, unsaturated fat including omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, trans fat, carbohydrate, animal/plant protein), cholesterol, sterols/stanols, fiber, principally viscous, as well as body weight & weight loss, physical activity and meal timing, among some other emerging dietary interventions. Diet and lifestyle factors that affect BP include: a DASH Dietary Pattern, body weight, sodium & potassium, alcohol and physical activity. Collectively, implementing recommended dietary interventions can markedly decrease CVD risk. New evidence is accumulating that demonstrates the importance of controlling CVD risk factors across the lifespan even before birth (i.e., in utero). Much can be done to markedly decrease CVD morbidity and mortality as the result of healthy lifestyle practices that are implemented at any stage in life, with the greatest benefit realized when started early in life and maintained throughout the lifespan.
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Pistorio, Enrica, Gaetano Chinnici, Carla Zarba, Claudio Bellia, and Gioacchino Pappalardo. "THE REVOLUTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD: A MARKET ANALYSIS (THE FUNCTIONAL FOODS MARKET REVOLUTION: MARKET ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD)." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.53.
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Consumers are changing their food preferences in favor of healthier foods that have a beneficial effect on health and that embrace sustainable consumption patterns. To meet the demand of modern consumers, the food sector is undergoing a major revolution as more and more new products are appearing on the market. This trend has encouraged the food industry to develop a new category of food products, which is 'functional foods�, characterized by the presence of one or more bioactive compounds having beneficial effects on the body. Therefore, functional foods represent a technological progress offering an important strategy to combat nutritional deficiency and diet-related diseases thanks to the presence of one or more bioactive compounds, can provide a benefit to the body. To distinguish such products and highlight their beneficial effect, claims are made on the product packaging about nutritional indication and about potential disease risk reduction. Such claims increase consumers� awareness about the benefit of these products hence can influence the consumer�s purchasing decisions. The aim of this work is to analyse the market size of 'Health and Wellness' foods, and in particular 'Functional Foods', over the last four years (2019-2022), using Euromonitor's database. A worldwide analysis has been carried out to identify the geographical areas with the greatest market activity and the European countries with the greatest economic importance. The analysis of the different food categories and the fortifications of greatest interest for the functional food market has provided an overview of the market for these foods.
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Santos, Maria do Carmo Vasconcelos, Mariana Moreira Soares de Sa, Emanuelle Ferreira Barreto, Aline Cursio Moraes, Roberta Kelly Netto Vinte Guimarães, and Antonio Pereira Gomes Neto. "Progressive myoclonic epilepsy: case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.688.
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Context: Progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PMS) begins in childhood or during adolescence, being a heterogeneous group of symptomatic progressive progressive generalized epilepsy. Composed of cortical myoclonus, multiple epileptic seizures, delayed or regressed neuropsychomotor development and cerebellar manifestations. Genetics is heterogeneous with a similar clinical presentation, which makes etiological definition difficult. Report a clinical case of generalized epilepsy, myoclonus, cerebellar condition and severe mental impairment. Analysis of medical records of a patient at Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte. Case report: MVPP, 17 years old, previously healthy, adopted son, normal neuropsychomotor development, first generalized tonic-clonic seizure at 8 years old, recurrence at 12 years old, being initiated by Valproato and Clobazam. In 2018 there was a worsening of the crises, perceived myoclonus, added Lamotrigine and Oxcarbazepine. EEG with continuous diffuse epileptic activity of subclinical epilepticus status and unchanged skull MRI. In 2019 he started with gait ataxia, balance changes, dysarthria, dysmetria, cognitive decline, loss of functionality and refractoriness to treatment. Valproate reduced and oxcarbazepine suspended. Video- EEG with ictal pattern of generalized wave polyspicle. Deteriorated cerebellar condition with extensive propaedeutic without alterations. There was no feasibility of genetic testing at the time. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy with partial improvement. Unsuccessful attempt to levetiracetam due to psychotic symptom. He presented lowering of the sensorium, bronchoaspiration and orotracheal intubation. He evolved with myoclonic status, adjusted for anti-crisis drugs, midazolam, thiopental, tracheostomy and gastrostomy. He maintained super- refractory status, being opted for callosotomy. He died within weeks of the procedure. Conclusion: The early diagnosis of PMS is a challenge, and its evolution is usually debilitating, with a poor prognosis and scarce specific treatment. Whenever possible, a genetic study is needed to define an etiological diagnosis.
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Wojcik, Peter. "Zinc supply and influences from geology." In Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits around the world. Irish Association for Economic Geology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61153/jhul1893.
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Zinc consumption growth is driven by urbanization and industrialization primarily in developing economies through the galvanization of steel and die casting with end use in the construction, automobile, and machinery parts industries. While global consumption will increase from 13.6Mt in 2022 to 19.8Mt in 2050, growth will slow to 1.2% through structural change in global consumption patterns and decreasing zinc intensities in first use and end use products. To meet this growth in demand, refined zinc supply and mine supply production will need to increase. In the short term, refined zinc capacity at smelters can increase by improvements in utilization rates, and we forecast this to be sufficient until the end of the decade. Later, demand will have to be met with new capacity coming online. The requirement for new zinc mine supply by 2032 is expected to reach 5.6Mt and will necessitate a healthy project pipeline and available finance to construct it. Whilst there is no shortage of projects that could step in, the average lead time from exploration to construction is 14 years and dependent on a variety of risk factors. Recent junior and development company financing has shown strong activity since late 2020 and the size of funding is loosely correlated to the stage of development at which the project is currently in. This suggests that right now, zinc projects are of interest to investors irrespective of which stage of development they are in. Project capital intensities have been in-creasing from their historical average and competitiveness of projects remains linked to their envisaged cash (C1) operating cost. Geology affects a mine’s cashflow in various ways. Projects coming into production have been more polymetallic in nature in recent years, which tends to help to reduce cashflow risk through diversification. Geology also impacts concentrate quality which has implications for product marketing and therefore future revenue. For SedEx, Irish-type and MVT deposits, concentrates typically produced are sought after products by smelters around the World.
Reports on the topic "Diel activity patterns"
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Zyriax, Birgit-Christiane, and Eberhard Windler. Lifestyle changes at midlife to prevent cardiovascular disease: a systematic review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0061.
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Review question / Objective: What kind of evidence-based diet and physical activity should or can be recommended to adults in order to reduce their cardiovascular risk. Condition being studied: Cardiovascular disease. Eligibility criteria: Publications will be extracted independently by two researchers according to defined search string and get color coded as agreed on: Yellow: studies and RCTs of the association of nutrients, physical activity and cardiovascular outcomes for discussion. Green: meta-analysis of studies and RCTs of the association of nutrients, physical activity and cardiovascular outcomes. Green subgroup AMSTAR-2: meta-analysis of studies and RCTs of the association of food-patterns and cardiovascular outcomes. The AMSTAR-2 checklist will be used for evaluating the methodological quality of these studies.
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Chamovitz, Daniel, and Xing-Wang Deng. Morphogenesis and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The p27 Subunit of the COP9-Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7580666.bard.
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Plants monitor environmental signals and modulate their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The mechanisms by which plants transduce light signals and integrate them with other environmental and developmental signals to regulate plant pattern development are beginning to be unraveled. A large body of knowledge has accumulated regarding the roles of specific photoreceptors in perceiving light signals, and about the downstream developmental responses responding to light (Batschauer, 1999; Chamovitz and Deng, 1996; Deng and Quail, 1999). Still, little is know about the molecular mechanisms connecting the photoreceptors to development, and how these developmental pathways are integrated with additional developmental regulatory pathways to modulate growth. The multi-subunit protein complex COP9 signalosome (previously referred to as the "COP9 complex") has a central role in mediating the light control of plant development, and in general developmental regulation. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in Chamovitz and Deng 1996, 1997). Various genetic studies have indicated that the COP9 signalosome acts at the nexus of upstream signals transduced from the individual photoreceptors, and specific downstream signaling pathways. Thus the COP9 signalosome was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis, and that light acts to abrogate this repression. However, the COP9 signalosome has roles beyond the regulation of photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die following early seedling development, and an essentially identical complex has also been detected in animal systems (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long term objective is to determine the role of the COP9 signalosome in controlling plant development. In this research project we showed that this complex contains at least eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 kD subunit is encoded by the FUS5 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The FUS5 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating FUSS and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). We have also shown that the COP9 signalosome may work together with the translational-regulator eIF3. Our study of the COP9 signalosome is one of the exciting examples of plant science leading the way to discoveries in basic animal science (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Wei and Deng, 1999).