Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diderme'
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Megrian, Nuñez Daniela. "Phylogenomic approaches to uncover the diversity and evolution of the bacterial cell envelope." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS349.
Full textThe bacterial envelope is one of the oldest and most fundamental cellular structures. Yet, many aspects of its diversity and evolutionary history are unknown. In this thesis I have taken advantage of the large available genomic data to investigate the issue through a large-scale phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses at the level of Bacteria. The two goals of this doctoral work were (i) to identify putative new diderm lineages in the Firmicutes to illuminate the monoderm/diderm transition, and (ii) to elucidate the evolutionary history of the cell envelope in Bacteria and infer its nature in the LBCA. To sum up, the results I obtained during this thesis provide a timely and significant advancement to our understanding of the diversity and evolution of the cell envelope, and on one of the major transitions in the history of Bacteria, that between monoderms and diderms
Dean, Philippe. "Diderot devant l'image /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) : l'Harmattan, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37111477n.
Full textMorin, Robert. "L'Imagination selon Diderot." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375943198.
Full textDéan, Philippe. "Diderot devant l'image." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070154.
Full textDiderot's project of a critical knowledge of pictures has developped through a contradiction between its theoretical framework and the interpretative praxis of paintings in les salons. The iconologic thought of diderot identifies the image with an iconic sign and favours figurative realism. It establishes the interdependance of notions such imitation and signification, legibility and visibility and its conceptual basis originates in a fable of the visual origin of language which produces a specific sign pattern called "hieroglyph". However these theories associate their negative counterpart because diderot's creative writing reveals a tension between legibility and visuality, knowing and seeing. Facing the image in an imaginary and fantasmatic relation, the subject of writing is caught up in a dialectic of desire and the image's signification is constantly deferred
Person, Alain. "Diderot et la satire." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29248.
Full textSchmitt, Eric-Emmanuel. "Diderot et la métaphysique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040220.
Full textDurand, Béatrice. "Diderot et la musique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040175.
Full textMusic is present in all the works of diderot. His writings about music are a testimony about the musical life of the 18th century. They are a document about the hows and wheres of musical life, and about musical pedagogy. These writings are also an echo of all the theoretical and esthetical discussions, which have been agitating the musical life of the century. At first, diderot was diderot an adept of rameau's theory, and also of a physico-mathematical approach to the musical phenomen. He contributed to the popularization of rameau's theory, but later he diverges from it. His most important contribution was freeing the musical esthetics from the schemas inheritated from the classical times and based on the a linguistic conception of music. Music is a language, it "speaks", it signifies. Getting rid of thes theoretical assumptions, diderot proposes an esthetics which describes music from the point of view of its sensitive perception, without imparting the model of linguistic description
Torlo, Antonio. "Diderot et la guerre." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20082.
Full textThe problem of war in didert's thought is seen from three point view: philosophical, technical and political. Not only the personal works by diderot such as the articles he writed for the encyclopedie have been taken into account but also the "dictionnaire raisonne", in the whole. The first part deals rentle the experience of the war in the 18 century for diderot and his contemporanies, the thesis points ont the religions and philosophical thought of the war, before didert's life and during his life; it the thems analysis and discusses which we can find int the "encyclopedie", it points ont the interest given by diderot during his maturity to the condition of the soldier. His denunciation against the war supports the teste of the critic. Of art in the hattle pointing: the emotional shock should stimulate the citizen-spectator to reflect on them. Even if diderot is not personally interested in the military technics, the art of the war has an importanrole in the encyclopedie: howerer in the second part this idea of military technics is rather conservative, in opposition the innovating proposals of a friend of the encyclopediste, the earl of guibert
Langbour, Nadège. "Diderot écrivain critique d'art." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL577.
Full textThis thesis entitled, « Diderot seen as an art critic », highlights the interactions of Diderot's writings on art and his literary works. Firstly, Diderot's artistic formation is presented, with an exhaustive repertoire of readings made by this noted « Salon » art critic and emphasizes the major role of the Encyclopaedia in the shaping of his artistic opinions and judgments. The following sequence examines in depth Diderot's nine « Salons » as well as his two « essays on painting ». At the outset, Diderot's status (position) is perceived in relationship with the artistic way of thinking (reasoning) of his time. The thesis then emphasizes the originality of the Salons, both on a thematic and theoretical level as well as on the formal level. The last section is an analysis of the influence of Diderot's pictorial judgements on his novels and plays (Romanesque and dramatic works)
Boulingui, Rodrigue. "La Satire chez Diderot." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL089.pdf.
Full textThe work would aim at establishing a relationship between Diderot and Satire. Based on the last Diderot, this study intends to shed light on one of the paradoxes which characterizes the Age of Enlightenment. By drawing parallels, links between the Latin satirics (Horace, Petronius, Juvenal, Persia) and Diderot, it is demonstrated that the Diderotian Satire, like the Phoenix, is renewed within the genre. Under the aegis of the moralists, in this case Horace and Petrone, Diderot tries to save a genre that crystallizes energies in the times of Enlightenment and this, despite of the insignificant position granted to it in the genre scale. By imitating his spiritual fathers, Diderot upsets regular satire on enunciative, moral and rhetorical levels. This work done within the genre allows it to modernize, to adapt to its time and resist all its critics who had planned its end. In short, through satire, we discover this time a new facet of Diderot, which does not speculate on bourgeois drama but on satire as a modern genre
Gaha, Kamel. "L'énonciation romanesque chez Diderot." Lyon 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO20020.
Full textDiderot's work carries the thought and discourse of enligthenment ot the epistemological and aesthetic threshold of modernity. Instead of being lived and practised as mer archetypes, description, narration and meditation become in this work the very subject matter of representation. Turning bach on the work that performs itself in it, conscience becomes the scene where the quest of the true, the beautiful and the good unwinds. Diderot's fiction calls upon the philosophical and literary tradition as discourse and problematic "posture". This dialogue at the treshold of potential new forms of discourse and understanding institutes a fiction of a new tuype, in which dialogic conscience tries to define the conditions of the possibility of a new meaning. The self-enunciation of the subject of discourse assigns to representation general, and thewriting of fiction in particular, the status of an ethical, philosophical and aesthetic inauguration. The adventure of subject begins with les bijoux indiscrets where it takes the form of general critique of the traditional forms of discourse and thought. In the "essais" (lettre sur les aveugles, lettre sur les sourds et muets, entretiens sur le fils naturel, discours de la poesie dramatique, le reve de d'alembert and the paradoxe sur le comedien), Diderot elaborates thescenography of the the creator's dialogic "i". Finally in le Neveu de Rameau, this perfect poetics of fictional enunciation, the novel, from the marginal genre it was, turns into an emblematic enunciation of the "aesthetic subject"
Proust, Jacques. "Diderot et l'"Encyclopédie" /." Paris : A. Michel, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36962057f.
Full textGourbin, Gilles. "La politique expérimentale de Diderot." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H218.
Full textIn the past forty years Diderot’s work has enjoyed a wide recognition with one important exception: his politics. The author of “Mémoires pour Catherine II” is usually considered as having “ideas” or “views” on politics but not an elaborate political theory. The absence of a treatise on politics in his nonetheless abundant works led to the conclusion that his varied thoughts on many political objects did not constitute a coherent and constant theory. Contraryto this commonplace belief my research aims to show that there is an authentic political reflexion in his works: his separate political writings not only form a coherent whole but are congruent with his philosophical works. This coherence is already conceived in his “Pensées sur l’interprétation de la nature” which establishes the principles of experimental philosophy, which preside over the creation of the whole of Diderot’s works. This experimental philosophy is less the method from natural sciences applied to politics than a way of thinking first tested on natural realities before applying it to social realities. My research highlights his “experimental politics” in the elaboration of his “political metaphysics” or in his way to experiment writing in politics, as well as in his ideas on the economy, the art of government,the best government, or the seizure of power
Marchal-Ninosque, France. "La culture de Denis Diderot." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040249.
Full textThis thesis would like to be an inquiry upon the sources -as well orals than written - that have built Diderot's culture and given him the will to become an humanist of enlightenment. His studies with Jesuits, then, at the Sorbonne, his works for the Encyclopedie, his contacts in salons, his readings for Grimm's correspondence literary, his travel in Holland, his intense interest for Europe and every civilization have formed him as well as his attachment to the antiquity. His work is as the end of ancients and moderns ‘quarrel, as well as it is a reconciliation between materialism and humanism
Martin-Haag, Éliane. "Diderot philosophe : Lumières, nature, raison." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010609.
Full textDiderot theorizes the notion of philosophical style. Thinking always comes down to imagining, and finding fault with dogmatic metaphysics can be equated with criticizing discursive reason or analytic imaginary, for which a new dialectic must be substituted, inspired by sceptic, neoplatonic and aristotelian tradition. The works of his mature years build up an atomism which abolishes the distinction between nature and matter, using the postulate of continuity upheld by the Cambridge philosophers such as Cudworth : Bayle and Voltaire reaffirm that atheistic atomism has its sources in the neoplatonic notion of order. This idea crops up in eighteenth century vitalism. Maupertuis and the supporters of the Montpellier school keep the concept of plastic nature both as unconscious thought and seminal reason. Diderot rethinks this concept so as to conceive an order without finality, and to rationalize hylozoism. Finally materialism appears as undogmatic metaphysic because the caracteristic of rational hypothese is that it can be criticized or disproved. Diderot identifies historicity with rationality : materialism accounts for the progress of experimental philosophy, of the history of moral reason, and the history of art
Tonneau, Olivier. "Diderot : la philosophie sans fondement." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040049.
Full textDiderot, a materialist? We suggest he is first and foremost a moralist. Aware that “atheism is very close to a kind of superstition as puerile as the other” (to Mme de Maux, October 1769), he opposes religious fanatism but also the emergent scientism which turns sciences such history, sociology, biology and economy, into new dogmas. Book one: Diderot’s materialism is seen as the foundation of his thought because we expect him to legitimize his critique of the established order and to prevent the threat of immorality in a world without God. But many texts, especially the dialogues, show that criticism need not be founded on facts, and that the threat of immorality – largely illusory – could not be answered by a demonstration. The foundations of morals must be sought in practices and the will; their means is an educated reason; their finality is not given but constructed. Book two: “Strictly speaking, there is only one sort of causes: physical causes”. It follow that “freedom is a word empty of meaning” (to Landois, 29 June 1756). These axioms seem to destroy notions of responsibility and shared values: moral discourse refers to nothing real. But these consequences rest upon an impoverished conception of language, which Diderot always combated. The fondationaliste materialist refers language to the physical, but language ads to the physical and constitutes a form of life in which we see ourselves as free and responsible. This form of life must be protected; this demands that we renounce our craving for a factual foundation of values
Kim, Tai-Hyung. "La technique romanesque de Diderot." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20064.
Full textHeyer, Andreas. "Materialien zum politischen Denken Diderots : eine Werksmonographie /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39194575w.
Full textAdell, Edna Amaral de Andrade. "A questão de Molyneux em Diderot." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-19082011-102221/.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to show the brilliant solution given by Diderot to Molyneuxs question which was proposed to Locke by Molyneux. It said: a born blind man who learnt to identify a globe and a cube by his touch, when having his sight restored and being able to see, will he be able to distinguish these objects just looking at them? This question leads to philosophical discussions regarding to tactile and visual perceptions. Extending the approach to the problem we can ask other points, such as: 1) Can the blind man who recovers his sight transfer to the visual domain the knowledge acquired by touch?; 2) Can this man perceive the three dimensions of the space?; 3) The perception of space is innate or acquired? Diderot goes further and asks: 1) How would the new-sighted man present his new sensations?; 2) Through this scientific investigation, could it not be possible to discover how an individual acquires his knowledge of the world? ; 3) Can one say that moral and religion depend on perception?; 4) Is there any relation between perception and language?; 5) If this relation really exists, what are its epistemological implications? Diderots accounts on the subject can be found in the Letter on the blind (1749). In this text, the French philosopher shows how our ideas depend on our senses and he guides a very interesting study on the origin of knowledge and how the lack of one of our five senses can modify the acquired notions regarding to the concepts of sight, morality and the existence of God. Diderot strives to understand how the abstraction of some perceptions can lead the individual to certain concepts. He retakes Molyenuxs problem many times to analyse how the born blind man can represent the space and in all his assertions he finds out the solution for the problem in geometry. The text has three fundamental moments. In the first one, Diderot questions the born blind Puiseaux and reports how that blind man lives in his world and how he defines objects of which he cannot have any sensible knowledge due to his lack of vision. In the second part of the text, Diderot describes how the mathematician Saunderson, blind since one year old, acquired knowledge by touch as he was not deprived of sight. After that, Diderot attributes to Saunderson, in a dialogue with Reverend Holmes, a speech in which he speculates the concepts of God, of good and evil in an individual deprived of one of the senses Thus, he demonstrates how our ideas related to the existence of God and to the moral are not absolute, but relative to our physical condition and to the conformation of our organs. In the third moment of the Letter, Diderot exposes Molyneuxs problem and answers to the question, comparing his considerations to Lockes and Condillacs.
Fauvergue, Claire. "Diderot et la philosophie de l'inquiétude." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20049.
Full textQueudot, Marie-Florence. "La théâtralité des dialogues chez Diderot." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040132.
Full textDiderot's dialogues (Le neveu de Rameau, Jacques le fataliste, mystification, ceci n'est pas un conte, madame de la Carliere, le supplement au voyage de Bougainville, l'entretien entre d'Alembert et Diderot, le role de d'Alembert, la suite de l'entretien, l'entretien d'un père avec ses enfants, l'entretien d'un philosophe avec la marechale de…) were not written to be produced as plays, and their present success makes us wonder about the nature of their dramatic qualities. An analysis of their structural elements (action, time, place), reveals a multi-layered dramatic effect, in a world in which the protagonists are the producer, the listener and the actor. The temporal and physical space permits a movement within these three dramatic functions, within a "no-time" very similar to these in contemporary twentieth century theatre. Gesture and its relationship with the speech, the sort lines and the tirades of diderot, are the proof of the stylization of his writing, go achieve a dynamic linking of the dialogue , in fact the style is not only dynamic but at the same time dramatic : the dramatic characters experience emotions and clash with each other verbally. Even laugther emphasizes the inner conflict of each individual ; in his different roles and multiple masquerades, he witnesses the playing out of his own existence. The dramatic qualities of diderot's texts form an essential element of the dialogues, because these qualities are part of his philosiphy. Dialogue is an element in his philosophical quest and not a mere literary artifice
Pépin, François. "Philosophie expérimentale et chimie chez Diderot." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100140.
Full textThe experimental philosophy which Diderot constructs in The Interpretation of Nature, can be considered as a central concept in Diderot's philosophy of knowledge. It is first defined as a practise of philosophy taken in a social division of intellectual work. Starting from a frame taken from Bacon, it permits to go deeper into the practical and experimental plane of knowledge, underlining the philosophical dignity of arts and skips. It is in that view that the interest in chemistry can be grasped in its full scope. As a practical knowledge and a theoretical effort, chemistry offers a model to conceive the convection of facts and the preparation of experiments in the spirit of experimental philosophy. To begin with, chemistry thus intervenes as a place to think the entrenchment of a specific theorization and conceptualisation in experimental work. By taking further both his own analysis on the arts and Venel's on chemistry, Diderot developed a precise conception of experimental abstraction based on the analogical genius of practitioners. The convection between the body and knowledge then has to be reconsidered, which is well translated by the original use of luminous images to think out knowledge. It secondly permits to consider the applications from a chemical point of view of experimental philosophy: specifying a criticism of metaphysics and physicomathematical sciences, reconsidering natural necessity and the living in a materialistic scope concerned with the specificity of certain natural regions
Khadhar, Hédia Pomeau René. "Diderot et l'actualité politique (1746-1784) /." Tunis : Publications de la Faculté des lettres de la Manouba, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376684370.
Full textGoisis, Orsola. "Diderot e l'Encyclopédie: antropologia, educazione, politica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425351.
Full textLa mia ricerca verte sul rapporto fra la filosofia del primo Diderot e il progetto enciclopedico e indaga il nesso fra dimensione antropologica e dimensione politica: quale sia, detto altrimenti, il legame che intercorre fra un’epistemologia materialista, e dunque, una nuova concezione dell’essere fisiologicamente e materialmente determinata, e la trasformazione socio-politica che l’Encyclopédie propone, una trasformazione che si concretizza per mezzo di relazioni intersecanti, sia di carattere teoretico e cognitivo (renvois), sia di carattere materiale (dall’organo all’organizzazione, lotta alle corporazioni, divisione del lavoro, solidarietà). Ritengo, e forse questo rappresenta l’aspetto più “originale” dell’interpretazione proposta in questo lavoro di tesi, che quel che tiene insieme piano antropologico e piano politico e che permette di dare loro un “senso compiuto” senza cadere nello sconforto che la a-sistematicità diderottiana talvolta suscita, sia la presenza di un ampissimo progetto educativo o, parafrasando le Tesi su Feuerbach, di un progetto tutto volto ad “educare gli educatori”, a fare di loro uomini éclairés in una prospettiva di perfectibilité materialisée. Così intesa l’Encyclopédie si svincola dall’interpretazione che la vuole una gigantesca impresa intellettuale, per divenire vera e propria “prassi rivoluzionaria”, “pensée en action”, il simbolo del punto culminante di un ciclo organico che precede ogni rivoluzione (Venturi 1939), mezzo, forma, base materiale in cui gli uomini si sarebbero riconosciuti, dopo “le rivoluzioni”, per riprendere a lavorare al “progresso” (in senso meccanico). Una prassi nemica dei sistemi, il cui cuore pulsante è rappresentato dalla dimensione relazionale e dialettica a partire dalla quale è possibile scorgere nuovi fondamenti per il vivere sociale ed una nuova prospettiva per pensare la politica.
Goisis, Orsola. "Diderot e l'Encyclopédie : antropologia, educazione, politica." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0078/document.
Full textMy research examines the relationship between Diderot's early philosophical works and the Encyclopédie, specifically investigating the link between its anthropological and political dimensions. In other words, in my research I look at the connection between a materialist epistemology, which features a new conception of the 'human being” as a physically and physiologically determined entity, and the socio-political transformations suggested by the Encyclopédie. These transformations involve a series of intersecting relations of both theoretical-cognitive (renvois) and material nature (e.g. the shift from “organ” to “organization”, the fight to guilds, the division of labor, and the concept of solidarity).The interpretative contribution of this thesis lies in the identification of an educational project, which ties both anthropological and political aspects, and which is concerned with the materialistic education of the Third State. Quoting the Theses on Feuerbach, this educational project seems to show the necessity for educators to be enlightened too.According to this new interpretation, the Encyclopédie can no longer be considered a mere intellectual effort, and can finally become a true "revolutionary practice", a "Pensée en action". In this way, the Encyclopédie symbolizes the culmination of those organic cycles preceding every revolution (Venturi 1939), as well as a reference for those men who need take part in the "Progress" (in the mechanical sense) after the "revolution". As a result, the Encyclopédie develops into a praxis against the system, whose beating heart is represented by its relational and dialectical dimensions, which are able to generate new foundations for social life and new ways to think of politics
Tamizari, Fabiana. "A mulher na concepção materialista de Diderot." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-24042014-103042/.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the woman in materialistic thought of Denis Diderot (1713-1784), in view two main aspects: the constitution psychophysiological women and the way women see encyclopedic in its moral and social context in the Enlightenment. We will take as a basis for this analysis the following works of the philosopher: Dialogue between D\'Alembert and Diderot, D\'Alembert\'s Dream, Continued Dialogue on Women, The Religious and finally, The Supplement to the Journey Bougainville.
Crouzet, Mary-Emilie. "Suzanne Simonin, figurine de l'individuel étude sémiotique de la "Religieuse" de Denis Diderot." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596897x.
Full textKawamura, Fumie. "Diderot et la chimie : répercussions de la notion de fermentation dans la pensée et dans l'écriture de Diderot." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10127.
Full textLafon, Yann [Verfasser]. "Fiktion als Erkenntnistheorie bei Diderot / Yann Lafon." Stuttgart : Franz Steiner Verlag, 2012. http://d-nb.info/107364622X/34.
Full textBelleguic, Thierry. "Météores, Diderot ou l'écriture de la passion." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/NQ38302.pdf.
Full textBallstadt, Kurt P. A. "The natural philosophical thought of Denis Diderot." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270591.
Full textVon, Held Phoebe Annette. "Alienation and theatricality in Brecht and Diderot." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251595.
Full textTamizari, Fabiana. "Conhecimento e educação no pensamento de Diderot." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2018. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/3540.
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Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
This project deals with a subject rarely explored by Brazilian scholars in the work of one of the leading French Enlightenment writers, Denis Diderot (1713-1784): his reflections about the enlightenment related to teaching. For the French philosopher, the diffusion of knowledge would be the path to reach the human development and happiness. With this thought, Diderot was the editor and author of more than five thousand entries in the Encyclopedia, a symbol of the Enlightenment movement. In addition to devoting himself to the diffusion of knowledge, the philosopher developed an educational project linked to the Enlightenment project itself, in which he argues that education should be secular, public and based on State action. This emphatic defense of public and secular education can be found in the document Plan of a University, written in 1775, at the request of Empress Catherine II of Russia. This thesis analyzes the diderotian conceptions of knowledge and education emphasizing mainly the defense of an educational system which is public, secular and that aims at the promotion of enlightenment that is, the overcoming of prejudices and superstitions and the valorization of reason.
Este projeto trata de um assunto pouco explorado pelos estudiosos brasileiros na obra de um dos principais iluministas franceses, Denis Diderot (1713-1784): suas reflexões sobre o esclarecimento relacionadas com o ensino. Para o filósofo francês, a difusão do conhecimento seria o caminho para o alcance do desenvolvimento e da felicidade humana. Imbuído deste espírito, Diderot foi o editor e autor de mais de cinco mil verbetes da Enciclopédia, obra símbolo do movimento iluminista. Além de se dedicar a difusão dos saberes, o filósofo elaborou um projeto educacional atrelado ao projeto iluminista, no qual defende que a educação deve ser laica, pública e fundamentada na ação do Estado. Encontramos esta enfática defesa da educação pública e laica no documento Plano de uma universidade, escrito em 1775, a pedido da imperatriz Catarina II, da Rússia. Esta tese analisa as concepções diderotianas de conhecimento e educação enfatizando principalmente a defesa de um sistema educacional público, laico e voltado para a promoção do esclarecimento, ou seja, a superação dos preconceitos e das superstições e a valorização da razão.
ALCOLUMBRE, Alberto Oliveira. "Platão e Diderot: a crítica ao artista." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/7245.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é, como o próprio título indica, apresentar a crítica ao artista empreendida por Platão e Diderot. A despeito de Platão desferir sua crítica à poesia em A República dentro de um contexto ético-político; e Diderot, por sua vez, em O Paradoxo sobre o Comediante, dentro de um registro estético, observa-se um posicionamento análogo dos dois filósofos no tocante ao tema. Dentre muitos pontos análogos observados entre eles, concentramos nosso olhar em dois deles que nos pareceu fundamentais às referidas críticas: as noções de páthose de ideal. Tanto em Platão quanto em Diderot observa-se que a figura do artista é sempre pensada em relação com essas noções. Embora, à primeira vista, sejamos tentados a concluir que, nessa relação, o ideal apresenta-se como um antípoda das paixões, percebe-se mais atentamente, que estas oscilam: ora figuram como um empecilho, ora, como uma referência positiva dentro das respectivas críticas; a chave para apaziguar esse conflito será a temperança (sophrosýne). Diante disso, nos propomos, com esse trabalho, investigar e explicitar essa relação cambiante que se encontra de forma análoga nos referidos filósofos.
The aim of this work is, as the text indicates, to present the critique of the artist undertaken by Plato and Diderot. Despite Plato launch his criticism of poetry in The Republic within an ethical-political context; and Diderot, in his turn, in The Paradox of the Comedian, within an aesthetic register, there is an analogous position of the two philosophers regarding the subject. Among many similar points observed between them, we focus our vision into two of them that seemed to us fundamental to such criticism: the notions of pathos and ideal. In both Plato and Diderot one observes that the figure of the artist is always thought of in relation with these notions. Although at first glance, we could be tempted to conclude that, in this relationship, the ideal is presented as an antipode of the passions, we can see more closely that these oscillate: sometimes they show up as a hindrance, sometimes, as a positive reference within the respective critiques; the key to appease this conflict will be temperance (sophrosýne). In view of this, we propose, with this work, to investigate and explain this unstable relationship that one finds in an analogously form in those philosophers.
Sciuto, Ruggero. "Diderot and d'Holbach : a theory of determinism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ecba6e8-81cb-42f5-b02e-3e67dc960fcf.
Full textGirard, Fabien. "Les anecdotes dans la correspondance de Diderot." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30081.
Full textThe Enlightenment philosophers use frequently brief fiction in their literary texts. It is a tool that serves to think in and through the narrative or to win the reader's adhesion. The anecdote is part of this register of fictions. Yet, within the framework of a correspondence, one can not solve the anecdotes to these two stakes. Therefore, our thesis has as amibition to study the contexts and the stakes which motivate the use of an anecdote according to the recipient, as well as the role that they have in the epistolary relationship between Diderot and Sophie Volland
Belleguic, Thierry. "Météores : Diderot ou l'écriture de la passion." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081305.
Full textPathos speaks the turbulent episteme of the world, as well as the turbulence of the body. A structure emerges, mathematical, that is, arbitrary and complex, a structure which contemporary science sees as problematizing the simple passage from local to global phenomena. Outside of the ordered space of classical geometry; outside of the legal determinism of newtonian physics which ignores singularity; outside, as well, of the restrictive rules of a former poetics, diderot's works demonstrate a genuine passion for complexity -- for a universe invested of relations, in which the classical metaphysics of substance is abolished. Recent works, such as diderot. Le labyrinthe de la relation by pierre saint-amand (1984) and nature et liberte chez diderot apres l'encyclopedie by gerhardt stenger (1994), applying a heuristic method inspired by the works of michel serres to the works of diderot, insist on the importance of epistemological reflexion in diderot's writings in areas as diverse as music, painting, history, politics and, of course, literature. But if epistemocriticism -- for this is also the subject of this thesis -- succeeds in revealing relational networks and models, it often does so to the detriment of the integrity of its object, by which we mean its textuality, its literality, its literarity. By keeping in the forefront of our own reflexion serres' insistance on the literarity of the text, where knowledge and subjectivity coincide, we have attempted to expose, on the one hand, the knowledge which informs particular representations, and on the other hand, to pose the question of the effect of subjectivity in writing, without reducing the importance of one or the other. Serres' model, which we have adopted, being tabular in nature, is also topological, permitting the organization of series of isomorphic figures (interferences, clouds, fever, vapors, noise). This model inspires our hypothesis: underwritten by pathos, diderot's understanding of the world, and of the subject, is materialist in nature, allowing him to conceive simultaneously of the aleatory and the predictable, of order and chaos. We explore how this understanding evolves through a discursive practice which manifests, in its own economy, the rule of pathos which informs it
Cabane, Franck. "L'écriture en marge dans l'œuvre de Diderot." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070051.
Full textIt is widely known that Diderot wrote extended comments in the margin of the pages of philosophical works, notably those by Helvetius and Hemsterhuis. He also appears to have done the same with his own writings, his translation of Shaftesbury's "lnquiry" being one example. Although occasional studies of these marginal notes exist, no comprehensive overview has been overtaken until now. The present work addresses the detail and the essence of Diderot's marginal note-writing. Based on a corpus encompassing the major pan of his written work, in domains ranging from the literary and the philosophical to the Encyclopaedic, it covers the period from 1745 when the "Essai sur le mérite el la vertu" was published, to 1782 which saw the publication of the "Essai sur les règnes de Claude et Néron", until 1784 when he completed the corrections he was making to his own work. Emphasis is placed on the accessibility of Diderot's work, most particularly on development and rupture. The characteristics of the marginalia in manuscripts identified as being in the author's own hand have been analysed particularly his commentaries on the works of contemporary philosophers, the co-authored writing for the “Encyclopédie" and the "supplement", and finally his own miscellaneous variations. The aim of the study is to assess the construction of Diderot's work from its beginnings. Borrowings, transformations of the works of other: authors are recognised and studied. The relentless interplay between old and new work, his own and that of others, is highlighted. Diderot wrote in the margin of both his own work and that of others. He sought to find their limits and his own. The conclusions he drew led him towards a singular form of atheism characterised by Emmanuel Levinas as the "transparent violence of the sacred"
Fiaschi, Pascal. "Enfer et Damnation dans l'oeuvre de Diderot." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040238.
Full textUsing as a starting-point Blake T. Hanna's research on Diderot's theological training, we proceed to examine both the recurring motifs of Diderot's anti-christianity and the religious sources of this polemic. Eschatology, our field of study, informs dogmatic reflections on original sin, Providence and grace. Referentially, we draw on Augustinianism, which pervades the works of Jansenists. Since it is based on a collation of fragments or entries in l'Encyclopédie, our analysis is doubtless atypical and somewhat narrow in scope. However, it enables us to address some of the lesser-known output of our philosopher and to revisit his most famous works from a new perspective
Chartier, Pierre. "L'ecole du persiflage. Diderot mystificateur des lumieres." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070144.
Full textThe following paper rests on the significant neologisms that are <>, a word which has been attested since 1735, and <>, which appeared in the middle of the xviiith century, as well as on their complex and steady use up to the beginning of the xixth century. It deals with diderot, a virtuoso <> in le neveu de rameau and the initiator, in 1760, of the literary mystification in la religieuse and histoire des portraits, an exercise then quite different from what it was to become in the next century. A literary biography from 1748 to 1769 follows the philosopher and writer in his work and in the justification of his <>. His novel, plays, tales, dialogs and <> are as many moments in a process of deepening and questioning the classical representation or mimesis, at the limits of genres and manners. Thus, during these years, from les bijoux indiscrets to the first version of le paradoxe sur le comedien, diderot sets up an esthetic theory of delusion which is also a theory of truth and a quest of identity which is as ironical as serious
Stenger, Gerhardt. "Nature et liberté chez Diderot après l'Encyclopédie." Montpellier 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON30009.
Full textAs well as making a distinction, in the salon de 1767, between phenomenal and ideal nature, diderot, in the reve d'alembert, contrasts the "ordre subsistant" with the one of the "tout". Rejecting the mechanistic model of science, he puts forward a fluid and relational model of nature. The universe seems ordered and predetermined only because man projects onto the external realm of nature the preconceptions inherent in his rationalist system. Diderot introduced into nature the idea of a complex causality, which renders its evolution undetermined. Man does not act like a puppet, he is a "tout" who is self-determining. Man does gives also up the morale universelle based on the equation virtue=beneficence=happiness. The only virtue he recognizes is justice, based on property. Diderot pleads in favour of a society which protects property and in which the individual is free to increase his wealth according to natural equity. If a nation is not free, revolution becomes inevitable. Diderot proposes that the wise man can transgress the law to do good, but in public his faultless behaviour has to serve as a model for his fellow-citizens. Free of any attachment, the exercise of justice confers supreme happiness
Azafrani, Gilbert. "Les théories du drame de Diderot appliquées au roman "La religieuse" /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI Dissertation information service, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355611340.
Full textCarbonelli, Junior Ricardo Rui Lento. "A questão do ator na estetica de Diderot." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281450.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A dissertação trata da análise da obra "Paradoxo sobre o comediante" no contexto da estética de Diderot. Sua tese fundamental diz que um grande ator é insensível e não deve sentir as emoções que representa. O enunciado é analisado tomando-se o significado dos seus termos no sistema do Filósofo. As idéias de sensibilidade, representação, gênio, imaginação e o conceito de Belo são discutidos a partir de seus textos e de comentários clássicos sobre o tema. Na primeira parte, tratamos da articulação dos conceitos fundamentais da estética de Diderot e como isso se dá de forma problemática, suscitando alguns paradoxos. Também tratamos do lugar que o espetáculo ocupa nessa estética, do objetivo de efeito teatral orientando o desenvolvimento da arte como forma de comunicação e das particularidades próprias de sua tradução visual. Na segunda parte procuramos discutir os conceitos fundamentais para o "Paradoxo" e pensar a estética e a filosofia de Diderot a partir de seus postulados. Na última parte fazemos uma apresentação da obra que orienta nossa pesquisa, tratando das questões historiográficas e abordando seus temas a partir do próprio texto.
Abstract: The dissertação deals with the analysis of the book "Actor's Paradox" in the context of Diderot's aesthetic. Its basic thesis says that a great actor is insensitive and should not feel the emotions that represent. The statement is analyzed by taking the meaning of the terms in the system of the Philosopher. The ideas of sensitivity, representation, genius, imagination and the concept of Beautiful are discussed from his texts and classic commentaries on the subject. In the first part, we deal with the articulation of the basic concepts of the aesthetic of Diderot and how it occurs in a problematic form, exciting some paradoxes. Also we deal with the place that the spectacle occupies in that aesthetic and the objective of theatrical effect guiding the development of the art as communication form and of the proper particularitities of its visual translation. In the second part we look for to discuss the basic concepts for the "Paradox" and to think the aesthetic and the philosophy of Diderot from its postulates. In the last part we make a presentation of the book that guides our research, treating to the historiographical questions and approaching its themes from the text itself.
Mestrado
Mestre em Filosofia
Ducol, Jacques. "Diderot critique d'Helvetius ou le matérialisme en chantier." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR2003.
Full textWithin the philosophy of enlightenment, materialism, which is linked to the development of science, appears as the most coherent philosophical position as well as the most qualified to define and solve new problems. Though the bases of their materialism are identical, diderot and helvetius are often opposed to each other about either a theoretic question such as the relation thought sensation, or a political one such as luxury. However that dialogue remains one of those, privileged moments standing out as landmarks to the onward elaboration of a true science of man. Indeed, the dispute between diderot and helvetius, focussing on the relation organization education, appears to be a nodal point where the questions of the century take form because it contributes in a decisive way to express that major problem : how can man be changed? that is the reason why a refutation of helvetius is an essential text; diderot does not repudiate his principales but, being stimulated by helvetius's reflection, he wonders about, the most adequate means to turn the most daring ideas of his time into a political programme. Nevertheless, those divergences do not call in question again the thorough unity of 18th century materialism, the internal coherence of which - achieved in the political struggle and owing to the new science and techniques - contributes to make it theoretically et politically revolutionary. That is why, from the 19th century up to nowadays, that materialism has been misrepresented, witheld from the public and distorted, but never really understood as a height in the history of thought, the real contents of which can be apprehended only by marxism as a philosophy of praxis
Kim-Ko, Kye-young. "La figure de l'opposition dans l'œuvre de Diderot." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040068.
Full textThe general plan of this study consists in combining the mechanism of the literary “transformism” of the thought and the idea of a distinctive style in order to extricate “the particular grammar” of Diderot. The notion of opposition is introduced in this frame work as a decisive factor which orientates the dynamic process by which the form and the sense generate each other. The first part is devoted to the analysis of the system of character, support, from which the author develops all the exploitation of the system of opposition. The second part consists of the analysis of the techniques of the novel which bring out the equivalence of contraries and make coincide several narrative registers. The third part is intended to reveal certain verbal invariant of the diderotien speech which transcribe the double and antagonistic thought as well as the reversibility of the things, phenomena, values and human relations. The reduplication, the dividing and the mechanism of inversion reveal as the figure recurrent which explains the employment of certain verbal automatism of the characters and the composition of stories. The opposition makes the works of Diderot open and polysemic in its interpretation. Therefore it becomes the generative of the signification of the work
Groult, Martine. "La systematique de l'encyclopedie de diderot et d'alembert." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100041.
Full textA typology of the comments on the encyclopaedia enables us to narrow down the question of the dichotomy between the "encyclopaedia" and the "dictionary". Rather than just noting the failure of the editors on the practical level, i. E. An exact correspondence between the "encyclopaedia" and the "dictionary", we seek to explore the theory of the encyclopaedia, the philosophical underpinning as set out in the discours preliminaire and the article elemens des sciences. The 'suites' edited bt panckoucke did not integrate the demands of these preliminaries, which set out the very nature of the encyclopaedic work. We have therefore brought out a systematics which is not the taxinomic statement of the sciences, but the fonctioning of the formal elements which make up the organisation of this work. The moving force here is the genealogical order of the operations os the mind and the metaphysics of the proposals, which are the original works of d'alembert. Thus, grammar is analysed as a paradigmatic representation of analytical rationalism, shared with du marsais and beauzee. We end on the problem of inversion which, in the encyclopaedia (inversion of sciences and inversions of words), represents the bivalency of philosophical systematics, and underlines the relation
AHN, HYUN-KOO. "Les figures feminines dans l'oeuvre romanesque de diderot." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0503.
Full textThe progressive analysis of the romantic work of diderot permits us to distinguish the multiple aspects that the discourse on women can assume. We perceive an intense presence, diffused, quantitative as well as qualitative, of the feminine world. And this world plays a dynamic role. Our study is divided into three parts. Before entering the romantic universe, we start by shaping the modalities of the presentation of women : symbolic presence where mouvements and attitudes of the body play an important role in the first part. The second and third parts permit us to discover the feminine figures through their psychological structure and their condition. In the psychological analysis, we try to grasp the dynamics of the passions. The strong passions fascinate diderot, end in his romantic work, representations of this energetic humanity, that ever so deeply touched his heart, evolve, through the feminine condition, we try to make out the impression felt by diderot of the advancement of the feminine existence
GAALOUL, TAOUFIK. "Fonctions et limites de l'enquete anthropologique chez diderot." Lille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL30007.
Full textThis study is about diderot's point of view on humanity as far as scientific knowledge, ethics and politics are concerned. It deals with anthropology in its widest meaning throughout his work. The first part of this search emphasizes the existence of a humanist tradition enriched with the greek and latin cultures in diderot's way of thinking. The second part, linked with buffon's work, analyses the "naturalization" of man, his position in nature, the tension between nature's rights and the demands of social life. These two appraoches converge in the composition of man's different characters throughout diderot's work. They reveal a unity in diderot's ideas through different litterary "genres" whose possibilities and limits are unceasingly explored
Ducol, Jacques. "Diderot critique d'Helvétius ou le matérialisme en chantier." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375973117.
Full textMacaigne, Samuel. "Figures romanesques du médecin de Diderot à Balzac." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL038.
Full textFrom the Enlightenment to realism, the doctor acquires an increasingly important place in French literature. With the development and considerable progress of medical science, the fictional doctor also becomes consequential. Hence, the novel calls upon this character to play an active role as witness of the historical and aesthetic changes in three fields: politics, spirituality and passions. In fact, not only does he diagnose the diseases of the social body, the pathologies that History reveals, he is also called upon to sound souls in order to establish the causes of the inner disarray of the human being. Behind the physiology and anatomy, he also explores the afterworldly for faith and feelings. The practitioner must therefore throw light on the mysteries of the human condition