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Journal articles on the topic 'Dictyna'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

OMELKO, MIKHAIL M. "First description of the female of Emblyna zherikhini (Marusik 1988) comb. n. (Araneae: Dictynidae)." Zootaxa 3132, no. 1 (December 15, 2011): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3132.1.3.

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Emblyna Chamberlin 1948 is a fairly large Holarctic genus of dictynid spiders containing currently 75 nominal species (Platnick 2011). Most of the species (65) are known from the Nearctic Region. Although the genus was revised in the Nearctic (Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958) and several species were recently described from the West and East Palaearctic it remains poorly studied. Fourteen species are known from one sex only, either by males or by females. The internal structures of the epigyne are known only for some Palaearctic species. According to Lehtinen (1967) Emblyna differs from the related genus Dictyna Sundevall 1833 by having 2–3 metatarsal trichobothria (1 in Dictyna), a modified embolus in the male palp (simple in Dictyna) and a complex vulva in the female.

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2

Korenko, Stanislav, Jakub Sýkora, Ľudmila Černecká, Peter Gajdoš, Pavol Purgat, Ján Černecký, Kamil Holý, Petr Heneberg, and Ingi Agnarsson. "Elevation gradient affects the distribution and host utilisation of Zatypota anomala (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) associated with mesh web weaving spiders (Araneae, Dictynidae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 93 (October 31, 2022): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.93.91513.

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The spatial distribution of parasitoids is closely linked to the distribution and ecological requirements of their hosts. Several studies have documented changes in the fauna composition of parasitoids in response to elevation, but data on parasitoids associated with spiders are missing. The koinobiont ichneumonid wasp Zatypota anomala is strictly specialised on spiders of the genus Dictyna (Dictynidae) in Europe. We examined the distribution of spiders of the family Dictynidae in forest ecotones in central Europe across a broad elevation gradient (110–1466 m a.s.l.). We checked the spiders for parasitism by Z. anomala. It was most abundant at the mid-elevations (median 712 m a.s.l., range 179–870 m a.s.l.). We identified four dictynid spider species as Z. anomala hosts. These were Dictyna arundinacea, Dictyna uncinata, Nigma flavescens, and Nigma walckenaeri. All four species and the genus Nigma were recorded as hosts for the first time. The parasitoids strongly preferred juvenile instars of their hosts. The body length differed between parasitised Dictyna and Nigma spiders (medians: 1.95 mm and 2.55 mm, respectively). The distribution of Dictyna and Nigma spiders overlapped along the elevation gradient, but parasitism incidence significantly differed between spider genera along the elevation gradient. Nigma was parasitized at lower elevations between 179–254 m a.s.l. and Dictyna at higher elevations between 361–870 m a.s.l. The phenology of Z. anomala is closely tied to the univoltine life strategy of its host spiders. The parasitoid female oviposits in autumn, and its offspring overwinter as larvae on the host, reach adulthood during spring, and pass the summer as an adult.

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3

Marusik, Yuri, and Seppo Koponen. "On two sibling species of Dictyna (Araneae: Dictynidae) from Ukraine and Caucasus." Entomologica Fennica 28, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84674.

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Dictyna ottoi sp. n. is described based on specimens of both sexes collected in Azerbaijan. The new species is closely related to D. armata Thorell, 1875, a species described from Southern Ukraine. Detailed illustrations are provided for both species. Dictyna armata has never been illustrated before. Both species, together with D. uncinata Thorell, 1856, form the uncinata species group. Distribution records of the two sibling species are mapped.

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4

SANKARAN, PRADEEP M., and POTHALIL A. SEBASTIAN. "Anaxibia folia spec. nov.—a new litter-dwelling dictynid spider from India (Araneae: Dictynidae: Dictyninae)." Zootaxa 4363, no. 3 (December 12, 2017): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4363.3.9.

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The dictynid genus Anaxibia Thorell, 1898 currently has six nominal species distributed in the Oriental and Ethiopian regions (World Spider Catalog 2017). The genus represents tiny to small spiders characterised by a reduced cribellum, long, cylindrical anterior and posterior spinnerets, cymbium with caudal modification, palpal patella with dorsal horn, sub-apically arising embolus, conductor with wide lamellar apex and simple female genitalia (Lehtinen 1967). The genus has one representative in India: Anaxibia rebai (Tikader, 1966), originally described under Dictyna Sundevall, 1833 (Tikader 1966; Lehtinen 1967). In this paper, we describe and illustrate a new litter-dwelling Anaxibia species collected from the Kerala state of southern India.

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5

Esyunin, S. L., and A. N. Sozontov. "On a new Eurasian species of Dictyna Sundevall, 1833 (Aranei: Dictynidae), with taxonomic notes on poorly known Palaearctic Dictyna species." rej 25, no. 1 (December 2016): 199206–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.25.2.06.

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6

Kostanjšek, Rok, and Ana Celestina. "New records on synanthropic spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) in Slovenia." Natura Sloveniae 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/ns.10.1.51-55.

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Four spider species, Dictyna civica (Lucas 1850) (Dictynidae), Philodromus praedatus O. P. Cambridge 1871 (Philodromidae), Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch 1864 (Miturgidae) and Clubiona similis L. Koch 1867 (Clubionidae), new for Slovenian fauna, have been recorded on bridges over the Ljubljanica river and on buildings in the centre of Ljubljana

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7

Billaudelle, Hans. "Zur Biologie der Mauerspinne Dictyna civica (H. Luc.) (Dictynidae, Araneida)." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 41, no. 4 (August 26, 2009): 475–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1957.tb01310.x.

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8

Wheeler, G. S., J. P. McCaffrey, and J. B. Johnson. "Developmental Biology of Dictyna Spp. (Araneae: Dictynidae) in the Laboratory and Field." American Midland Naturalist 123, no. 1 (January 1990): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2425765.

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9

Lalongé, Sylvain, James H. Redner, and D. Coderre. "FIRST CANADIAN RECORDS OF TROCHOSA RURICOLA (DEGEER), OSTEARIUS MELANOPYGIUS (O. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE), AND DICTYNA DECAPRINI KASTON (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE, LINYPHIIDAE, DICTYNIDAE, RESPECTIVELY)." Canadian Entomologist 129, no. 2 (April 1997): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent129371-2.

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During a study on the importance of spiders as predators of the cabbage butterfly Artogeia rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in cultivated cruciferous fields in Quebec, 209 specimens (114 were immatures riding on the back of a female) of Trochosa ruricola (DeGeer) (Lycosidae), 21 specimens of Ostearius melanopygius (O. Pickard-Cambridge) (Linyphiidae), and one specimen of Dictyna decaprini Kaston (Dictynidae) were found by pitfall traps and aspirator at L'Acadie, Quebec (45°20'N, 73°20'W) in cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and broccoli plots. This is the first record of these species in Canada.

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10

Guarisco, Hank. "Status of the Meshweaver Spider GeneraArgenna,Dictyna,Emblyna, andPhantyna(Araneae: Dictynidae) in Kansas." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 121, no. 1-2 (April 2018): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1660/062.121.0219.

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11

Gedara, Sahar R., Osama B. Abdel-Halim, Saleh H. El-Sharkawy, Osama M. Salama, Thomas W. Shier, and Ahmed F. Halim. "Cytotoxic Hydroazulene Diterpenes from the Brown Alga Dictyota dichotoma." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2003): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-1-203.

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Two new hydroazulenoid (prenyl guaiane) diterpenes, dictyone acetate (2) and 3,4-epoxy 13-hydroxy pachydictyol A (4) were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of the alcoholic extract of the brown alga, Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux, which was collected from the Red Sea coasts at Hurgada, Egypt, together with three known ones, pachydictyol A (1), dictyone (3) and 11-hydroxypachydictyol A (dictyol E) (5). In addition, the steroidal compound, stigmasta-5,(E)-24(28)-dien-3-β-ol (fucosterol) (6) was also isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds have been determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences as well as physical and chemical correlation with known compounds. Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 showed moderate cytotoxic activity

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12

MIYASHITA, Kazuyoshi. "Oviposition and Nymphal Development of Dictyna felis Boes. et STR.(Araneae: Dictynidae) at a Constant Temperature and Photoperiod." Acta Arachnologica 42, no. 1 (1993): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.42.35.

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13

Korenko, Stanislav, and Stanislav Korenko. "First record from Italy of Zatypota anomala (Ichneumonidae, Ephialtini), a parasitoid of the cribellate spider Dictyna pusilla (Araneae, Dictynidae)." Arachnologische Mitteilungen 54 (September 1, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5431/aramit5401.

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14

Marusik, Yuri, and Niclas Fritzén. "On a new Dictyna species (Araneae, Dictynidae) from the northern Palaearctic confused with the East Siberian D. schmidti Kulczyński, 1926." ZooKeys 138 (October 19, 2011): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.138.1849.

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15

Ayyad, Seif-Eldin N., Osama B. Abdel-Halim, W. Thomas Shier, and Thomas R. Hoye. "Cytotoxic Hydroazulene Diterpenes from the Brown Alga Cystoseira myrica." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2003): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-1-205.

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Cytotoxicity-guided fractionation of the alcohol extract of the brown alga, Cystoseira myrica, afforded four new cytotoxic hydroazulene diterpenes, dictyone acetate (2), dictyol F monoacetate (4), isodictytriol monoacetate (6), and cystoseirol monoacetate (8), together with two known cytotoxic hydroazulene diterpenes, pachydictyol A (1) and dictyone (3). The constitution of each isolated compound has been determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence

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16

Freitas, Odinéia do Socorro Pamplona, Aline Santos de Oliveira, Joel Campos De-Paula, Renato Crespo Pereira, Diana Negrão Cavalcanti, and Valéria Laneuville Teixeira. "Chemical Variation in the Diterpenes from the Brazilian Brown Alga Dictyota Mertensii (Dictyotaceae, Phaeophyta)." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 1 (January 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200104.

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Crude extracts of specimens from five populations of the Brazilian brown seaweed Dictyota mertensii (Martius) Kützing were analysed by HRGC-MS. A total of seven diterpenoids were identified: pachydictyol A (1), isopachydictyol A (2), dictyol B and its natural acetate (3–4), dictyoxide (5), dictyol C (6), dictyol H (7), and fucosterol (8), the last being the most abundant metabolite in four of the extracts. The results confirm that small-scale local variability in the chemicals found in D. mertensii probably is more significant than the overall latitudinal differences commonly observed in some marine organisms.

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17

Sousa, Dalviane Ferreira, José Moacir de Carvalho Araújo Júnior, Raul Azevedo, and Dewison Silfarney Aragão Silva. "Fauna, composição e novos registros de aranhas (Araneae) em ecossistema de manguezal no estado do Ceará, Brasil." Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências Exatas e da Natureza 6 (March 6, 2022): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.29215/pecen.v6i0.1879.

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<p>A fauna de aranhas dos mangues do litoral brasileiro é pouquíssimo conhecida. O presente trabalho reporta fauna de aranhas em duas áreas de manguezal no estado do Ceará. As aranhas foram amostradas por meio de busca ativa, rede entomológica, guarda-chuva entomológico e armadilhas confeccionadas com garrafas pet colocadas nos troncos das árvores (“Air trap”). Foram coletados 521 indivíduos, dos quais 159 correspondem a indivíduos adultos, pertencentes à 30 espécies/morfoespécies e 11 famílias. Salticidae (S = 9) apresentou maior riqueza de espécies, seguido por Theridiidae (S = 5). De todas as espécies coletadas, apenas 14 ocorreram em ambas as áreas de manguezal. <em>Metazygia dubia </em>(Keyserling, 1864)<em> </em>foi a espécie com maior frequência relativa, seguida por <em>Anelosimus ethicus </em>(Keyserling, 1884)<em> </em>e <em>Dictyna </em>sp. 2. O número de espécies coletadas em cada área de manguezal não diferiu significativamente (Qui-quadrado = 1.1136, gl = 1, p > 0.05), porém observou-se que o número de indivíduos coletados diferiu estatisticamente entre as áreas (Qui-quadrado = 18.34, gl = 1, p < 0.05). As espécies apresentadas correspondem àquelas com ampla distribuição geográfica ao longo do continente americano, bem como constituem novos registros para o estado do Ceará.</p><p><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Arachnida, Araneomorphae, conservação, mangues, estuário.</p>

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18

Nyffeler, M., D. A. Dean, and W. L. Sterling. "Prey Records of the Web-Building Spiders Dictyna segregata (Dictynidae), Theridion australe (Theridiidae), Tidarren haemorrhoidale (Theridiidae), and Frontinella pyramitela (Linyphiidae) in a Cotton Agroecosystem." Southwestern Naturalist 33, no. 2 (June 15, 1988): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3671897.

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19

Crews, Sarah C., Erika L. Garcia, Joseph C. Spagna, Matthew H. Van Dam, and Lauren A. Esposito. "The life aquatic with spiders (Araneae): repeated evolution of aquatic habitat association in Dictynidae and allied taxa." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 862–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz139.

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Abstract Despite the dominance of terrestriality in spiders, species across a diverse array of families are associated with aquatic habitats. Many species in the spider family Dictynidae are associated with water, either living near it or, in the case of Argyroneta aquatica, in it. Previous studies have indicated that this association arose once within the family. Here we test the hypothesis of a single origin via the broadest phylogeny of dictynids and related ‘marronoids’ to date, using several taxa that were not previously sampled in molecular analyses to provide the first quantitative test of the hypothesis put forth by Wheeler et al. (2016). We sampled 281 terminal taxa from 14 families, assembling a matrix with 4380 total base pairs of data from most taxa. We also assembled an atlas of morphological traits with potential significance for both ecology and taxonomy. Our resulting trees indicate that an aquatic habitat association has arisen multiple times within dictynids. Dictynidae and the genus Dictyna are polyphyletic and the genera Lathys and Cicurina remain unplaced. A review of aquatic habitat associations in spiders indicates that it occurs in members of at least 21 families. With our morphological atlas, we explore characters that have been implicated in aiding an aquatic lifestyle, which in the past may have caused confusion regarding taxon placement. Our results indicate that not all spiders with traits thought to be useful for aquatic habitat associations occupy such habitats, and that some spider taxa lacking these traits are nonetheless associated with water.

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20

Shu, Yong-Xin, Mingkwan Doilom, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Biao Xu, and Wei Dong. "Three Novel Cheiroid Hyphomycetes in Dictyocheirospora and Dictyosporium (Dictyosporiaceae) from Freshwater Habitats in Guangdong and Guizhou Provinces, China." Journal of Fungi 10, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10040259.

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Over the past two decades, numerous novel species have been identified within Dictyosporiaceae, primarily in Dictyocheirospora and Dictyosporium. A recent monograph has revealed that these two genera exhibit a distinct preference for freshwater habitats, particularly in southern China. However, further investigation into the distribution and diversity of the two genera in Guangdong and Guizhou Provinces remains insufficient. In this study, we conducted an analysis of four intriguing cheiroid hyphomycetes collected from flowing rivers in these two regions. Through morphological and phylogenetic analyses incorporating combined LSU, SSU, ITS, and tef1-α sequence data, we have identified them as a novel species in Dictyocheirospora (Dictyoc. submersa sp. nov.), two novel species in Dictyosporium (Dictyos. guangdongense sp. nov. and Dictyos. variabilisporum sp. nov.), and one previously documented species (Dictyos. digitatum). Specifically, the identification of Dictyos. guangdongense is primarily based on its distinct morphology, characterized by complanate, cheiroid, and brown to dark brown conidia, with a hyaline, short, and atrophied appendage arising from the apical cell of the outer row. In addition, the morphological distinctions between Dictyocheirospora and Dictyosporium are further clarified based on our new data. This study also highlights a few phylogenetic matters regarding Dictyosporiaceae.

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21

Cavalcanti, Diana N., Claudia M. Rezende, Angelo C. Pinto, and Valéria L. Teixeira. "Diterpenoid Constituents from the Brown Alga Dictyota Menstrualis (Dictyotaceae, Phaeophyta)." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 8 (August 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100802.

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The acetone extract of the Brazilian brown alga Dictyota menstrualis (Hoyt) Schnetter, Hörnig & Weber-Peukert was analyzed by HRGC-MS. Eight diterpenoids were identified: pachydictyol A (1), isopachydictyol A (2), dictyol C (3), dictyotadiol (4), dictyoxide (5), 9-hydroxy- and 9-acetoxy-dichotoma-2, 13-diene-16,17-dial (6–7) and 5-hydroxy-1, 6-cycloxenia-2,13-diene-16,17-dial (8). This technique may be an excellent alternative for chemotaxonomic and biogeographic studies.

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22

Alarado, Ada Belinda, and William H. Gerwick. "Dictyol H, a New Tricyclic Diterpenoid from the Brown Seaweed Dictyota dentata." Journal of Natural Products 48, no. 1 (January 1985): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50037a026.

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23

Bouvet, Yvanne. "Evolución y perspectivas de la población francesa en las últimas décadas." Geograficando 13, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/2346898xe023.

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Este texto corresponde a la conferencia dictada durante las XVIII Jornadas de Investigación organizadas por el Departamento de Geografía y el Centro de Investigaciones Geográficas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, realizadas en el mes de noviembre de 2016 en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de dicha Universidad. Se trata de un resumen que combina temas desarrollados en los cursos de Geografía de Francia y Geografía de la Población, que se dictan en la Universidad de Bretaña Occidental –Sede Brest–.

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24

Rigby, J. Keith, Patrick Embree, and Michael Murphy. "An unusual Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) hexactinellid sponge from the Great Valley sequence, western Sacramento Valley, Northern California." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 5 (September 1996): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000023775.

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The new farreid hexactinellid sponge Hormathospongia dictyota new genus and new species, is described from the upper Santonian Dobbins Shale Member of the Forbes Formation of the Upper Cretaceous Great Valley Sequence from the west side of the Sacramento Valley, northwest of Sacramento. The relatively simple skeleton is composed of quadrangularly arranged hexactines with overlapping rays, an arrangement strikingly similar to the skeletal structure of early Paleozoic reticulosid hexactinellids. However, the California Cretaceous sponges clearly show those spicules embedded in siliceous beams that are united to form a solid dictyonal skeletal framework of only a single layer of regular mesh. Such an occurrence and stratigraphic relationships suggests that the dictyonine sponges had their origin from the simply spiculed reticulosid hexactinellids rather than from the more complex dictyosponges.

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25

Ovenden, Simon P. B., Jonathan L. Nielson, Catherine H. Liptrot, Richard H. Willis, Dianne M. Tapiolas, Anthony D. Wright, and Cherie A. Motti. "Update of Spectroscopic Data for 4-Hydroxydictyolactone and Dictyol E Isolated from a Halimeda stuposa — Dictyota sp. Assemblage." Molecules 17, no. 3 (March 8, 2012): 2929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17032929.

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Vallim, Magui Aparecida, Valéria Laneuville Teixeira, and Renato Crespo Pereira. "Feeding-deterrent properties of diterpenes of Dictyota mertensii (Phaeophyceae, Dictyotales)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 55, no. 3 (September 2007): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592007000300006.

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Crude extracts of the brown seaweed Dictyota mertensii (Martius) Kützing collected at two distant and different places on the Brazilian coast, Búzios (Rio de Janeiro) and Fernando de Noronha (PE), were evaluated for defensive chemistry against the crab Pachygrapsus transversus, and the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. The extract from Búzios specimens of D. mertensii significantly inhibited the consumption by both P. transversus and L. varigetaus. Fractionation of the extracts of specimens of D. mertensii from Búzios and F. de Noronha followed by complementary assays revealed one active fraction from each location, which contained distinct defensive secondary metabolites. In each active fractions prenylated guaiane diterpenes were the major compounds. Dictyol H and epoxypachydictyol A were the most abundant compounds in Búzios and F. de Noronha, respectively, followed by minor components. Our results show a differential production of secondary metabolites in the two distant and different populations of D. mertensii along the Brazilian coast. This suggests that defensive chemicals from this seaweed are not qualitatively absolute characteristics of the species, but may represent an ecological specialization to successfully prevent herbivory.

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GIBSON, GARY A. P. "Revision of the species of Jaliscoa Bouček within a review of the identity, relationships and membership of Jaliscoa, Catolaccus Thomson, Eurydinoteloides Girault, Lyrcus Walker and Trimeromicrus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)." Zootaxa 3612, no. 1 (February 5, 2013): 1–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3612.1.1.

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The limits of Lyrcus Walker (1842), Catolaccus Thomson (1878), Eurydinoteloides Girault (1913a), Trimeromicrus Gahan (1914), and Jaliscoa Bouček (1993) are re-evaluated and redefined to better reflect observed distribution of morphological features. Nine of 13 New World species of Catolaccus are transferred to other genera and photographs of the primary type specimens are given to assist future recognition. New features are provided to assist identification of the remaining four Nearctic species of Catolaccus and these are compared to European species, with the observation that C. kansensis (Girault 1917c) could be a junior synonym of C. crassiceps (Masi 1911). Trimeromicrus is removed from synonymy under Lyrcus for the single species T. maculatus Gahan (1914) rev. comb. Newly synonymized under Lyrcus is the Australasian genus Neocylus Bouček (1988) n. syn. Ten species are newly transferred to Lyrcus—L. nigraeneus (Girault 1915) n. comb. (from Neocylus), L. helice (Walker 1843) n. comb. and L. cyaneus (Girault 1911) n. comb. (from Catolaccus), and L. albiclavus (Girault 1917c) n. comb., L. capitis (Burks 1955) n. comb., L. chalcis (Burks 1955) n. comb., L. coeliodis (Ashmead 1896) n. comb., L. deuterus (Crawford 1911) n. comb., L. nigroaeneus (Ashmead 1894a) n. comb. and L. rosaecolis (Burks 1955) n. comb. (from Zatropis Crawford 1908). Catolaccus pallipes Ashmead (1894b) is newly transferred to Pteromalus Swederus (1795) as Pteromalus pallipes (Ashmead) n. comb. and Catolaccus fragariae Rohwer (1934) to Lariophagus Crawford (1909) as Lariophagus fragariae (Rohwer) n. comb. Nine species are newly transferred to Eurydinoteloides—E. tepicensis (Ashmead 1895) n. comb. (from Catolaccus), E. dymnus (Walker 1847) n. comb., E. hermeas (Walker 1847) n. comb., E. incerta (Ashmead 1893) n. comb., E. orontas (Walker 1847) n. comb., E. perdubia (Girault 1916) n. comb., E. platensis (De Santis in De Santis et al. 1979) n. comb. and E. timaea (Walker 1847) n. comb. (from Lyrcus), and E. eudubia (Özdikmen 2011) n. comb. (from Spintherus Thomson 1878). Four species are newly transferred to Jaliscoa—J. grandis (Burks 1954) n. comb. and J. hunteri (Crawford 1908) n. comb. (from Catolaccus), and J. townsendi (Crawford 1912) n. comb. and J. vulgaris (Ashmead 1894b) n. comb. (from Pteromalus). The species of Jaliscoa are revised to include J. nudipennis Bouček 1993, J. bouceki n. sp., J. hunteri and J. vulgaris. Re-established in synonymy under J. hunteri is J. townsendi n. comb. One new species of Pteromalus, P. grisselli n. sp., is described as an egg predator in the egg sacs of Dictyna coloradensi Chamberlin (Araneae: Dictynidae) and compared to Catolaccus species and other pteromalids that are predators of spider eggs. Lectotypes are designated for Pteromalus helice Walker (1843), Catolaccus pallipes Ashmead (1894b) and Catolaccus vulgaris Ashmead (1894b). Diagnoses are given to differentiate Catolaccus, Eurydinoteloides, Jaliscoa, Lyrcus and Trimeromicrus from each other, and more extensive descriptions given to help differentiate these genera from other Pteromalinae. Morphological features are illustrated through macrophotography and scanning electron photomicrography.

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28

BUFFINGTON, MATTHEW L., and ANDREW POLASZEK. "Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Zootaxa 2214, no. 1 (August 31, 2009): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2214.1.4.

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The ceraphronid wasp Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) was recently recorded in error as an undescribed species of Aphanogmus. This species is a primary parasitoid on larvae and cocoons of the bethylid Prorops nasuta Waterston, and probably a second bethylid species, Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem. Both bethylids are primary parasitoids, and important biological control agents, of larvae and pupae of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). New host and distribution records are provided for A. dictynna, as well as a diagnosis and comments on its taxonomic relationships.

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29

Siamopoulou, Panayiota, Antonis Bimplakis, Dimitra Iliopoulou, Constantinos Vagias, Paul Cos, Dirk Vanden Berghe, and Vassilios Roussis. "Diterpenes from the brown algae Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyota linearis." Phytochemistry 65, no. 14 (July 2004): 2025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.06.018.

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30

Pena Martín, Carolina, Amelia Gómez Garreta, and Manuel B. Crespo. "Sobre la presencia de Dictyota mediterranea (Schiffner) G. Furnari (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) en la Península Ibérica." Acta Botanica Malacitana 29 (December 1, 2004): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v29i0.7234.

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On the presence of Dictyota mediterranea (Schiffner) G. Furnari (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) in the Iberian Peninsula.Palabras clave. Dictyota mediterranea, Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae, algas marinas, corología, anatomía.Key words. Dictyota mediterranea, Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae, marine algae, chorology, anatomy.

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31

Hajdu, Péter. "Dictys-tanulmányok." Antik Tanulmányok 46, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2002): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/anttan.46.2002.1-2.18.

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32

Rushdi, Mohammed I., Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman, Eman Zekry Attia, Hani Saber, Abdullah A. Saber, Gerhard Bringmann, and Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen. "The Biodiversity of the Genus Dictyota: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Natural Products Prospectives." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030672.

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Although a broad variety of classes of bioactive compounds have already been isolated from seaweeds of the genus Dictyota, most different species are still chemically and biologically unexplored. Dictyota species are well-known brown seaweeds belonging to the Dictyotaceae (Phaeophyta). The phytochemical composition within the genus Dictyota has recently received considerable interest, and a vast array of components, including diterpenes, sesquiterepenes, sterols, amino acids, as well as saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been characterized. The contribution of these valued metabolites to the biological potential, which includes anti-proliferative, anti-microbial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperpigmentation activities, of the genus Dictyota has also been explored. Therefore, this is the most comprehensive review, focusing on the published literature relevant to the chemically and pharmacologically diverse biopharmaceuticals isolated from different species of the genus Dictyota during the period from 1976 to now.

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33

WORTHEN, J. "'Dicta mea dicta sunt patrum'." Recherches de Théologie et Philosophie Médiévales 59 (January 1, 1992): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/rtpm.59.0.2016290.

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34

Giacobetti, Antoine, and Ouahmi Ould-Braham. "Proverbes et dictons kabyles." Études et Documents Berbères N° 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 171–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/edb.010.0171.

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35

Benfares, Redhouane, Affaf Kord, Khaled Boudjema, Manel Bouarab, Soumia Benrabah, Kamel Boudjemaa, and Jaroslava Svarc-Gajic. "Chemical characterization of essential oils and antioxidant activity of Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyopteris membranacea." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 50 (2019): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1950033b.

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The work focuses on the study of two brown algae Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyopteris membranacea. Extracts obtained by different organic solvents (dichloromethane, hexane, acetone, methanol, chloroform) were screened for their DPPH antiradical activity, whereas essential oils obtained by steam distillation were chemically characterized by GC-MS. Steam distillation yielded 0.07 and 0.095% of the essential oils for Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyopteris membranacea, respectively. The chemical screening of the essential oils of Dictyopteris membranacea and Dictyota dichotoma showed similar chemical profiles. Namely, trans-anethole showed to be the main component in both studied oils, yielding 12.28% and 10.70% for Dictyopteris membranacea and Dictyota dichotoma, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extracts was expressed by IC50 values and was in the range 0.375-1.72 mg/ml.

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36

"Dictyna civica." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.113886.

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37

"Dictyna arundinacea." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.18146.

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38

"Dictyna annulipes." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.18145.

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39

"Dictyna reticulata." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.18151.

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40

"Dictyna phylax." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.18150.

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41

"Dictyna major." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.18149.

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42

"Dictyna coloradensis." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.18148.

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43

"Dictyna consulta." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.18147.

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44

Eberhard, William G. "The web of Dictyna bellans (Araneae: Dictynidae)." Journal of Arachnology 48, no. 3 (February 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/joa-s-19-071.

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45

Eberhard, William G. "Sub-units in the webs of Dictyna meditata (Arachnida: Araneae: Dictynidae): implications for studies of spider web evolution." Journal of Arachnology 49, no. 2 (July 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/joa-s20-054.

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46

"Dictya." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.102872.

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47

"Dictyla echii." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.46102222.

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Jijón Letort, Rodrigo. "La acción de nulidad contra sentencias dictadas en juicio ejecutivo." Iuris Dictio 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.18272/iu.v1i2.537.

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Si se admitiera que las sentencias que se dictan en los juicios ejecutivos pueden ser objeto del recurso de casación podrían eliminarse, sin ningún riesgo, tanto la acción de nulidad de sentencia como la acción del Art. 458 del Código de Procedimiento Civil. La Primera Sala de la Corte Suprema de Justicia ha resuelto, en fallo de triple reiteración, que no cabe la acción de nulidad de sentencia establecida en los artículos 303, 304 y 305 del Código de Procedimiento Civil para las sentencias que se dicten en juicios ejecutivos.

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49

"Dictya disjuncta." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.84788.

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"Dictya fisheri." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.84789.

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