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1
Euripide, Karamanou Ionna. "Danae and Dictys /." München : K. G. Saur, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401946600.
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Karamanou, Ioanna. "A commentary of Euripides' Danae and Dictys." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445602/.
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Euripides' Danae and Dictys belong to the Danae-myth, treating the earlier and subsequent phase of the legend, respectively. As far as the evidence allows, a cautious reconstruction of the plot of each play is attempted, based on interrogation of the fragmentary material and the testimonia. In this effort, Euripidean scene-construction, parallel thematic and structural patterns, parallel rhetoric and general rules of tragic practice are also taken into account as evidence for the dramatist's usage. As regards the generic affiliations of each play, the Danae may be paralleled to Euripides' Alope, Melanippe the Wise and Auge, all of which treated the clash of a royal daughter with her paternal oikos, due to the disclosure of her illicit motherhood resulting in most cases from her union with a god. The evidence for the Dictys indicates that it was probably built upon a central altar-scene (cf. E. Heraclidae, Andromache, Suppliant Women, Heracles, Helen) and that it had the features of a nostos-play, following the 'return- rescue-revenge' pattern (cf. the first part of the Heracles). The reception of both plays and their position in the transmission of Euripides are also explored, on the basis of the available evidence. This is the first commentary on Euripides' Danae and Dictys a detailed commentary on language, style, themes and values, aiming also to shed light on various aspects of Euripidean technique (e.g. his rhetoric, imagery, as well as staging directions, where possible). The exploration of issues raised by the fragmentary material seeks to complement our knowledge of Euripides' drama, as derived from surviving plays, which represent only a portion of the whole Euripidean oeuvre. Where appropriate, textual and philological matters are discussed, as well as questions of authenticity, such as a Danae 'hypothesis' and 'prologue' (the spurious fr. 1132 Kn.) transmitted in Euripides' manuscript P (Vaticanus Palatinus gr. 287, f 147v-148r).
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Silva, Gelbart Souza. "Ephemeris belli Troiani Dictys Cretensis : estudo e tradução /." São José do Rio Preto, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182250.
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Orientador: Cláudio AquatiBanca: Márcio Natalino Thamos
Banca: Norma Wimmer
Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudamos e traduzimos integralmente uma obra da literatura latina tardia conhecida como Ephemeris belli Troiani Dictys Cretensis (Diário da Guerra de Troia ), anônima e datável do século IV d. C. Ephemeris relata os eventos da Guerra de Troia do ponto de vista de um narrador em primeira pessoa que se apresenta como um soldado cretense de nome Díctis, alistado na tropa do comandante grego Idomeneu. A narração do prélio entre gregos e troianos, conhecida em literatura primordialmente pela leitura da Ilíada, de Homero, reveste se em Ephemeris de uma intenção racionalista ao diminuir os heróis à condição humana regular, ao diminuir a atuação dos deuses e ao estruturar a narrativa de forma lógica e cronológica. Composta de seis capítulos, precedidos por uma epístola e um prólogo, a obra é uma versão para o latim de um texto do século II originalmente em grego, o qual se encontra hoje fragmen tado. Ephemeris ganha importância no tocante à conservação do mito troiano, pois no Ocidente latino, desde o século I a. C. C., a história da Guerra de Troia era cada vez menos conhecida por intermédio dos poemas homérico e da literatura grega em geral em decorrência de uma precariedade na difusão do idioma grego por entre a elite romana. Acrescente se a esse fator a posterior e crescente pressão da Igreja que rechaçava os deuses não cristãos que habitavam a narrativa homérica. Desse modo, outras obras, compostas em latim, assumiram a transmissão da história troiana que nos...
Abstract: In this work, we study and translate integrally a late Latin work known as Ephemeris belli Troiani (Diary of the War of Troy ), anonymous and dating from the fourth century AD. Ephemeris reports the events of the Trojan War from the viewpoint of a first person narrator who presents himself as a Cretan soldier named Díctis, enlisted in the troop of the Greek com mander Idomeneu. The account of the battle between Greeks and Trojans, known in literature primarily by the reading of the Homer's Iliad, is dressed in Ephemeris of a rationalistic intention by diminishing the heroes to the regular human condition, by decr easing the performance of the gods and structuring the narrative logically and chronologically. Composed of six chapters, preceded by an epistle and a prologue, the work is a Latin version of a text of second century, written originally in Greek, which is now fragmented. Ephemeris gains importance with regard to the conservation of the Trojan myth. In the Latin West, since the first century BC, the story of Trojan War was less known through Homeric poems and Greek literature in general because of a precario usness in diffusion of the Greek language among the Roman elite. Add to this factor the later and growing pressure of the Church that rejected the polytheistic gods who inhabited the Homeric narrative. In this way other works composed in Latin assumed the transmission of the Trojan story that offered the Homeric epic. Of particular note is Ephemeris, which ...
Riassunto: In questo lavoro, studiamo e traduciamo integralmente uma opera latina conosciuta come Ephemeris belli Troiani (Diario della guerra di Troia ), anonima e risalente al secolo IV d. C. Ephemeris riporta gli eventi della guerra di Troia dal punto di vista di un narratore in prima persona che si presenta come un soldato chiamato Ditti Cretese, arruolato nell'esercito del comandante greco Idomeneo. La narrazion e del combattimento tra Greci e Troiani, nota in letteratura soprattutto per la lettura dela Iliade di Omero, si presenta in Ephemeris con un'intenzione razionalista poiché diminuire gli eroi alla condizione umana normale, ridurre il ruolo dele divinità e strutturare la narrazione in modo logico e cronologico. Composto da sei capitoli, preceduti da una lettera e un prologo, il libro è una versione latina di un testo greco del secolo II, che ora si conosce in frammenti. Ephemeris guadagni importanza per quan to riguarda la conservazione del mito troiano, perché nell'Occidente latino, dal primo secolo, la storia della guerra di Troia era sempre meno conosciuto attraverso i poemi omerici e l a letteratura greca in generale, a causa della bassa diffusione della li ngua greca tra l'elite romana. D'alt ra parte, l'ulteriore e crescente pressione della Chiesa respingeva le divinità non cristiane che abitavano la narrazione omerica. In questo modo, altre opere, composte in latino, presero la trasmissione della storia di Troia offerta dall'epopea omerica. Si distingue tra queste ...
Mestre
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Andreguetti, Daniel Xavier. "Prospecção de bioativos farmacológicos em algas marinhas Rhodophyta e Heterokontophyta e avaliação de citotoxicidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-19112015-102536/.
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Muitas drogas terapêuticas produzidas pela indústria farmacêutica são estruturas químicas isoladas de organismos encontrados na natureza ou moléculas baseadas nelas. Podem ser incluídas nesse grupo drogas isoladas de organismos marinhos, como corais, esponjas e algas marinhas, conhecidos como produtores de grandes quantidades de metabólitos secundários. Com base neste fato o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a prospecção de moléculas bioativas com propósito farmacológico, em extratos de algas marinhas vermelhas (Rhodophyta) e pardas (Heterokontophyta) coletadas no litoral brasileiro. A prospecção foi realizada por meio de avaliação de seus potenciais antioxidante, antibacteriano, antifúngico, anticancerígeno, e antiparasitário contra organismos causadores de leishmaniose e esquistossomose. Para as avaliações foram empregadas os extratos supercríticos de 5 espécies diferentes, sendo 2 pardas: Dictyota dichotoma e D. menstrualis e três vermelhas: Chondria littoralis, Spyridia hypnoides e Plocamium brasiliense. Os extratos foram avaliados quanto aos seus potenciais bioativos e os resultados mais promissores foram selecionados para as etapas seguintes do fracionamento. Em uma avaliação geral os extratos apresentaram bons resultados e representam uma potencial fonte de bioativos. Os extratos das espécies de D. dichotoma e D. menstrualis foram então submetidos a um procedimento de fracionamento bioguiado pela atividade esquistossomicida. Incorporou-se ainda um terceiro extrato de D. mertensii aos estudos e todas as etapas do fracionamento foram monitoradas por LC-MS. Comparando-se as massas detectadas em todas as frações que apresentaram atividade, para os 3 extratos, foi verificado que a substância de m/z 271,24 estava presente em todas elas, portanto os procedimentos de isolamento foram direcionados a esta molécula para a qual foi possível isolar 7 mg. Diferentemente do que era esperado a molécula quando avaliada isoladamente não apresentou atividade esquistossomicida, levando a hipótese de que a atividade seja decorrente de uma molécula diferente para cada espécie ou ainda que a mesma seja decorrente de uma interação com outras substâncias por um mecanismo de ação aditivo ou sinérgico. O trabalho avaliado de forma geral apresentou resultados promissores e representa um grande embasamento para servir como base para posteriores trabalho de fracionamento.Several therapeutic drugs manufactured by the pharmaceutical industry are chemical structures isolated from organisms that are found in nature or molecules based on that. May be included at this group drugs isolated from marine organisms, like corals, sponges and seaweeds, known as great secondary metabolites producers. Based on this facts the objective of the present study is to perform a prospection study to achieve bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical purposes, on extracts made from red (Rhodophyta) and brown (Heterokontophyta) seaweed collected in the Brazilian shore. The prospection studies was performed by means of evaluation of the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antiparasitic (against Leishmania and Schistosoma) potential. In the evaluation were tested the supercritical extracts of 5 different species, including 2 brown species: Dictyota dichotoma and D. menstrualis and 3 red species: Chondria littoralis, Spyridia hypnoides and Plocamium brasiliense. The extracts were evaluated by their potential bioactive compounds and the most promising results were selected for the following fractionation steps. Overall the extracts have shown good results and may be represent a potential source of bioactive molecules. The extracts of both D. dichotoma and D. menstrualis were submitted to a bioguided fractionation process by their antischistosomal activities. It was still included a third extract from D. mertensii to the studies and every step was monitored by LC-MS techniques. Comparing the detected mass for each active fraction, it was observed the presence of a substance with m/z 271,24 in all of the extracts, so the isolating procedures were directed to obtain that specific molecule, which was obtained in a biomass of 7 mg. Differently than expected the molecule when evaluated isolated do not show the antischistosomal activity, leading to the hypothesis that the activity was related to different molecules for each species or even the observed effect is resulted by an interaction mechanism with another substances by an additive or synergist mechanism. The overall evaluation of the whole work show some promising results and it represent a great support for future fractionation works.
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Grady, Mick. "Synthetic studies towards the synthesis of Dictyol C and related diterpenoids." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364905.
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C?mara, Rafael Barros Gomes da. "Atividades anticoagulante e antioxidante de extratos brutos ricos em polissacar?deos sulfatados das macroalgas marinhas marrons Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota mertensii e Dictyopteris delicatula e de Heterofucanas de Canistrocarpus cervicornis." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12571.
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Previous issue date: 2010-10-28Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
In the present study, extracts rich-sulfated polysaccharides were obtained from three different species of Dictyotales (a class of brown macroalgae): Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota mertensii and Dictyopteris delicatula and their anticoagulant and antioxidant activities were evaluated. All extracts showed anticoagulant activity on aPTT assay, but not on PT assay. Extracts also exhibited total antioxidant activity, superoxide radical scavenging capacity and ferric chelating property. The extract from C. cervicornis showed the best results and was choose to have their sulfated polysaccharides fractioned and subsequently analysed. Thus, six fractions (CC-0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7, CC-1.0, CC-1.2 and CC-2.0) were obtained by proteolysis followed by sequential acetone precipitation. Agarose gel eletrophoresis stained with blue toluidine, confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides in all fractions. Chemical analyses showed that all fractions presented heterofucans mainly constitued by fucose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. Any fraction changed the PT. However, all fractions were able to double the aPTT on a dose-dependent manner. CC- 0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7 and CC-1.0 needed only 0.100 mg/mL to double the aPTT, result only 1.25 times higher than the Clexane? (0.080 mg/mL), a commercial low molecular heparin. The heterofucans presented appreciable total antioxidant capacity, low capacity on scavenging hydroxyl radical and good efficiency on scavenging superoxide radicals (except CC-1.0). CC-1.2 showed 43.1 % on superoxide radical scavenging. This result was higher than that showed by the same concentration of gallic acid (41.8 %), a known antioxidant. Furthermore, the heterofucans showed excelent activity on ferrous chelating activity (except CC-0.3). CC-0.5, CC-0.7 and CC-1.0 showed the highest activities with 47.0 % of ferrous chelating activity, a result 2.0 times lesser than that exhibited by the same concentration of EDTA. These results clearly indicated the beneficial effects of heterofucans extracted from C. cervicornis as potential anticoagulant and antioxidant agents. However additional steps of purification, structural studies, besides in vivo experiments are needed for these fucans may be used as therapeutic agents
No presente estudo, extratos brutos ricos em polissacar?deos sulfatados foram obtidos a partir de tr?s esp?cies de Dictyotales (uma ordem de macroalgas marrons): Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota mertensii e Dictyopteris delicatula, e suas atividades anticoagulante e antioxidante foram avaliadas. Todos os extratos apresentaram atividade anticoagulante frente ao ensaio de aPTT, mas n?o sobre o ensaio de PT. Os extratos tamb?m exibiram atividade antioxidante total, capacidade em sequestrar radicais super?xido e propriedade de quelar ferro. O extrato obtido a partir de C. cervicornis apresentou os melhores resultados e foi escolhido para ter seus polissacar?deos sulfatados fracionados e subsequentemente analisados. Deste modo, seis fra??es (CC-0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7, CC-1.0, CC-1.2 e CC-2.0) foram obtidas por prote?lise seguida de precipita??o sequencial com acetona. Eletroforese em gel de agarose corada com azul de toluidina comprovou a presen?a de polissacar?deos sulfatados em todas as fra??es. As an?lises qu?micas mostraram que todas as fra??es apresentam heterofucanas constitu?das principalmente por fucose, galactose, ?cido glucur?nico e sulfato. Nenhuma fra??o alterou o PT. Entretanto todas as fra??es foram capazes de dobrar o aPTT de uma maneira dose dependente. As fra??es, CC-0.3, CC-0.5, CC-0.7 e CC-1.0, precisaram de apenas 0,100 mg/mL para dobrar o tempo de coagula??o, concentra??o que ? apenas 1,25 vezes maior do que aquela utilizada com Clexane? (heparina de baixo peso molecular) para se obter o mesmo efeito. As heterofucanas apresentaram apreci?vel capacidade antioxidante total, baixa capacidade em sequestrar radicais hidroxila e uma boa efici?ncia em sequestrar radicais super?xido (exceto CC-1.0). CC-1.2 mostrou uma capacidade de sequestrar 43,1 % dos radicais super?xido. Este resultado foi maior do que o apresentado pela mesma concentra??o de ?cido g?lico (41,8 %), um antioxidante conhecido. Al?m disso, as heterofucanas mostraram uma excelente atividade em quelar ferro (exceto CC-0.3). CC-0.5, CC-0.7 e CC-1.0 apresentaram as maiores atividades com 47,0 % de quela??o f?rrica, um resultado 2 vezes menor do que o exibido pela mesma concentra??o de EDTA. Estes resultados indicaram claramente os efeitos ben?ficos de heterofucanas extra?das de C. cervicornis como potenciais agentes anticoagulante e antioxidante. Entretanto, passos adicionais de purifica??o, estudos estruturais, al?m de experimentos in vivo, s?o necess?rios para que estas fucanas possam vir a ser utilizadas como agentes terap?uticos
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Ezequel, Loriane. "Les «Facta et dicta memorabilia» de Januarius Nepotianus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30334/30334.pdf.
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Les Facta et dicta memorabilia de Januarius Nepotianus sont une œuvre qui, jusqu'ici, a toujours été étudiée en tant qu'abrégé des Factorum dictorumque libri de Valère-Maxime et qui, bien qu'éditée à plusieurs reprises, n'a jamais été traduite en français. Notre étude consiste à réhabiliter à la fois l'auteur et l'œuvre, grâce à une traduction accompagnée de notes historiques, et grâce ensuite, après une remise en contexte de la tradition de l'epitome, à une réflexion sur les objectifs de Nepotianus : il est abréviateur de Valère-Maxime certes, mais avant tout professeur et auteur, garant de la morale antique et de la grandeur de l'Empire romain.
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Velásquez, Benítez Johana. "Ejercicios de interpretación — el material dicta el estilo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101490.
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La palabra de origen japonés se deriva de Oru: doblar y Kami: papel; es decir, doblar papel. Es
el arte milenario de hacer figuras doblando papel.
Sus orígenes se remontan al periodo Heian (794-1185), años en que Japón cierra sus puertas a
los extranjeros y se dedica a trabajar con todos los conocimientos adquiridos.
En esa época el papel aún es un artículo raro, precioso y muy costoso, el plegado del papel era
una diversión que sólo el rico podía darse.
Los primeros textos (2
) en los que se habla del origami, se hace referencia a como eran plegados
los poemas y cartas de amor, no sólo tenía una gran importancia el contenido literario sino la
elección del papel y el tipo de plegados, ya que estos eran elegidos de acuerdo a la ocasión.
Claramente los Origamis no sólo eran una forma de entretención practicada inicialmente por la
nobleza y la gente más adinerada (3
) sino que además está cargado de un significado simbólico y
religioso, por lo que con el tiempo se fue extendiendo a todas las clases sociales, especialmente
en el periodo Tokugawa (1603-1867), una etapa de gran movimiento cultural, en el que éste
además era un medio de estratificación social. Un ejemplo de ello son las orikatas (4
)
transmitidas de generación en generación dentro de la clase sacerdotal sintoísta, los estilos de
origami servían para distinguir el samurai aristocrático, quien pliega, según la escuela de Ise, de
los granjeros y campesinos, seguidores de la escuela de Ogasawara
En los templos budistas los noshis (5
) eran ofrendados para simbolizar la suerte al guerrero.
Los motivos y las formas dependían del ritual o culto en el que se empleaban, por ejemplo en las
bodas sintoístas se hacían figuras de mariposas; una hembra y un macho cerraban dos botellas de
sake que en medio de la ceremonia eran servidas, unificando su contenido en una sola copa, de
la que bebían los novios como un símbolo de amor constante.
Con el desarrollo de la base de la rana, el origami adquirió mayor uso ceremonial, entre las
geishas, por ejemplo, se puso de costumbre fijar una rana de papel a un pilar después de atender
a un cliente preferido, pues como en japonés la palabra rana y el verbo volver se pronuncian de
la misma manera, estas simbolizaban la esperanza de que el cliente volviera.
Con el tiempo la práctica del origami se fue extendiendo no sólo a lo largo de todo el país y de
todas las clases sociales, sino también hacia occidente, incluso hoy es una herramienta empleada
en vastos campos de la educación
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Ézéquel, Loriane. "Les Facta et dicta memorabilia de Januarius Nepotianus." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24496.
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Les Facta et dicta memorabilia de Januarius Nepotianus sont une œuvre qui, jusqu'ici, a toujours été étudiée en tant qu'abrégé des Factorum dictorumque libri de Valère-Maxime et qui, bien qu'éditée à plusieurs reprises, n'a jamais été traduite en français. Notre étude consiste à réhabiliter à la fois l'auteur et l'œuvre, grâce à une traduction accompagnée de notes historiques, et grâce ensuite, après une remise en contexte de la tradition de l'epitome, à une réflexion sur les objectifs de Nepotianus : il est abréviateur de Valère-Maxime certes, mais avant tout professeur et auteur, garant de la morale antique et de la grandeur de l'Empire romain.
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Queiroz, Thyago Moreira de. "Avaliação da atividade vasorrelaxante da alga marinha brasileira Dictyota pulchella Hörning & Schnetter em ratos normotensos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6698.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-21Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The pharmacological effects induced by CH2Cl2/MeOH extract (EDP) and Hexane/EtOAc phase (FDP) from the Brazilian alga Dictyota pulchella were studied on the cardiovascular system of Wistar rats using a combined in vivo and in vitro approach. All protocols in this study were approved by the CEPA/LTF (protocol nº 0208/10). In normotensive conscious male rats, EDP injections (5; 10; 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.v., randomly) produced hypotension (-4.1 ± 1.34; -7.0 ± 2.4; -46.9 ± 1.3 and - 54.8 ± 4.3%; respectively) and bradycardia (-2.1 ± 1.6; -4.0 ± 2.3; -66.8 ± 5.2 and - 74.7 ± 4.5%; respectively) (n=5). Isolated superior mesenteric artery rings (1-2 mm) were suspended by cotton threads for isometric tension recordings in a Tyrode s solution at 37 ºC, gassed with a 95% O2 and 5% CO2, under a resting tension of 0.75g. In phenylephrine (Phe, 1μM)-pre-contracted rings, EDP (0.01 500 μg/mL) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation (Maximum Response = 101.4 ± 4.5%; EC50 = 22.35 ± 5.09 μg/mL) and this effect was not modified by removal of the vascular endothelium (MR = 103.3 ± 8.3%; EC50 = 21.43 ± 8.98 μg/mL, n=7). Similar results were found in the presence of FDP (0.01 500 μg/mL). FDP induced a concentration-dependent vasodilatation in both endothelium-intact (MR = 80.6 ± 5.8%; EC50 = 24.1 ± 8.95 μg/mL, n=6) or endothelium-denuded mesenteric artery rings (MR = 95.6 ± 7.5%; EC50 = 23.7 ± 5.65 μg/mL, n=6). Based on the preliminary results, the subsequent experiments were performed in rings without endothelium. To appreciate the involvement of potassium channels, the preparations were preincubated with Tyrode s modified solution, KCl (20 mM) or with non-selective K+ channel blocker, tetraethylammonium (TEA, 3 mM). In both preparations the vasorelaxant activity was not changed. In the presence of a tromboxane A2 agonist U-46619 (100 nM), EDP induced concentration-dependent vasodilatation (MR = 90.3 ± 7.8%; EC50 = 24.63 ± 4.04 μg/mL, n=6) was similar to the response found under Phe-induced. After exposure to high concentrations of extracellular K+ (KCl, 60 mM), the EDP induced concentration-dependent vasodilatation (MR = 97.7 ± 4.0%; EC50 = 34.57 ± 5.11 mg/mL; n=6). In the same experimental condition, FDP induced concentration-dependent vasodilatation (MR = 113.5 ± 6.1%; EC50 = 10.92 ± 2.81 μg/mL; n=6). This result indicates that both EDP and FDP act on voltage-operated calcium channel (Cav). Furthermore, EDP and FDP (0.03; 0.3; 10; 30 e 100 μg/mL) antagonized CaCl2-induced contractions. The extract also induced vasodilatation in the contraction evoked by L-type Ca2+ channel agonist (Bay K 8644, 200 nM) (MR = 113.3 ± 6.7%; EC50 = 19.45 ± 6.66 μg/mL, n=7). These results suggest that EDP induces hypotension and bradycardia. Both EDP and FDP induce endotheliumindependent vasodilatation that involves the inhibition of the Ca2+ influx through blockade of Cav.
Os efeitos farmacológicos do extrato CH2Cl2:MeOH (EDP) e fase Hexano:AcOEt (FDP) da alga marinha brasileira Dictyota pulchella foram estudados sobre o sistema cardiovascular de ratos, utilizando uma abordagem in vivo e in vitro. Em ratos normotensos não anestesiados, EDP (5; 10; 20 e 40 mg/kg, i.v., randomicamente) promoveu hipotensão (-4,1 ± 1,34; -7,0 ± 2,4; -46,9 ± 1,3 e -54,8 ± 4,3%, respectivamente) acompanhada de bradicardia (-2,1 ± 1,6; -4,0 ± 2,3; -66,8 ± 5,2 e - 74,7 ± 4,5%, respectivamente) (n=5). Em anéis de artéria mesentérica superior isolada de rato pré-contraídos com Fenilefrina (FEN) 1 μM, EDP (0,01 500 μg/mL) promoveu um efeito vasorrelaxante dependente de concentração na presença do endotélio vascular (Emáx = 101,4 ± 4,5%; CE50 = 22,35 ± 5,09 μg/mL), e este efeito não foi alterado após a remoção do endotélio (Emáx = 103,3 ± 8,3%; CE50 = 21,43 ± 8,98 μg/mL) (n=7). Resultados semelhantes foram obtidos na presença de FDP (0,01 500 μg/mL), observando-se um vasorrelaxamento tanto na presença (Emáx = 80,6 ± 5,8%; CE50 = 24,1 ± 8,9 μg/mL), quanto na ausência do endotélio funcional (Emáx = 95,6 ± 7,5%; CE50 = 23,70 ± 5,65 mg/mL). Para avaliar se o efeito de EDP era dependente do tônus vascular, este extrato foi testado no tônus basal, na presença ou ausência do endotélio, demonstrando que a resposta não foi alterada em nenhuma das duas situações. Baseado nos resultados preliminares, os experimentos subseqüentes foram realizados com endotélio desnudo. Para avaliar a participação dos canais para potássio (K+), utilizou-se uma solução com 20 mM de KCl ou tetraetilâmonio (TEA) 3 mM. Em ambas as preparações (Emáx = 102,3 ± 4,8%; CE50 = 25,40 ± 6,05 μg/mL) ou (Emáx = 111,2 ± 5,3%; CE50 = 16,70 ± 3,61 μg/mL) (n=7), respectivamente, a atividade vasorrelaxante de EDP não foi alterada. Na presença de outro agente contracturante, U46619 (100 nM), EDP promoveu um efeito vasorrelaxante (Emáx = 90,3 ± 7,8%; CE50 = 24,63 ± 4,04 μg/mL) de maneira similar aos anéis pré-contraídos com FEN. Em experimentos contendo uma solução despolarizante de 60 mM de KCl, EDP causou vasorrelaxamento dependente de concentração (Emáx = 97,7 ± 4,0%; CE50 = 34,57 ± 5,11 mg/mL; n=6). Na mesma condição experimental, FDP também promoveu um efeito vasorrelaxante (Emáx = 113,5 ± 6,1%; CE50 = 10,92 ± 2,81 μg/mL; n=6), não havendo diferença significante, para os dois compostos, quando comparados aos anéis pré-contraídos com FEN. Sugere-se que tanto EDP quanto FDP atuem sobre os canais para cálcio sensíveis a voltagem (Cav). Além disso, EDP e FDP (0,03; 0,3; 10; 30 e 100 μg/mL) antagonizaram as contrações induzidas por CaCl2. O extrato ainda produziu vasorrelaxamento na presença de um agonista de canais para Ca2+ tipo-L (Bay K 8644; 200 nM) (Emáx = 113,3 ± 6,7% e CE50 = 19,45 ± 6,66 μg/mL, n=7). Esses resultados sugerem que EDP produz hipotensão e bradicardia transientes, e tanto EDP quanto FDP promovem vasorrelaxamento independente do endotélio vascular por inibição do influxo de Ca2+, por meio do bloqueio dos Cav.
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Lannoy, Marie. "Les "Obiter dicta" du Conseil d'État statuant au contentieux." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010269.
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L’obiter dictum désigne un propos «soit dit en passant», une parole incidente que l’on attribue plutôt au juge anglais. Or le Conseil d’État aussi prononce des obiter dicta à l’occasion de la lecture d’arrêts et d’avis contentieux. Dès lors qu’il déroge à l’économie des moyens ou à l’interdiction de l’ultra petita, le Conseil d’État est en effet amené à formuler un énoncé juridique superflu pour la solution contentieuse. Il utilise la technique de l’obiter dictum de deux façons. D’une part, le Conseil d’État donne forme à sa jurisprudence : il crée et systématise ses précédents, sans immédiatement les appliquer aux espèces qui lui sont soumises. Ainsi manifeste-t-il son pouvoir jurisprudentiel. D’autre part, le Conseil d’État développe son jugement : il justifie et explique sa décision surabondamment par rapport à la solution du litige. Aussi exerce-t-il son pouvoir juridictionnel. La méthode de l’obiter dictum, telle qu’employée par le Conseil d’État, déploie le pouvoir de juger de celui-ci. Il va jusqu’à poser du droit de manière générale et abstraite, même en l’absence de nécessité pour régler un cas spécial et concret. A la différence des précédents du juge anglais, la jurisprudence du Conseil d’État ne dépend donc plus intimement des faits. Son pouvoir jurisprudentiel se distancie, de ce point de vue, de son pouvoir juridictionnel. Ce dernier est mis à l’œuvre dans des incidentes qui, quant à elles, tendent plus directement à la résolution des conflits. Attestant d’un renouvellement de son office de juge, les obiter dicta participent pour le Conseil d’État d’une nouvelle façon de dire le droit et de trancher les litiges, en définitive de rendre la justiceThe notion of obiter dictum indicates a comment made «by the way» or «in passing», usually by a Common Law judge. In this study, obiter dicta refer to incidental statements expressed by the French Council of State when it gives a ruling or delivers a judicial opinion. Obiter dicta can be regarded as departures from the efficient tradition of stating the minimum essential to dispose of the matter or as infringements of the prohibition against passing judgment outside the issues raised by the opposing parties. When the Council of State delivers an obiter dictum, it makes a statement of law that is not essential to the judicial outcome. Obiter dicta fulfil two functions. They enable the Council of State to express generalisations independent of particular judgments and thereby to produce an abstract system of precedent. As a consequence, the decisions of the Council of State produce a general jurisprudence that is no longer limited to the facts of particular cases. Obiter dicta also enable the Council of State to justify and explain its judgments in concrete terms, with the result that they contribute to the elucidation and enforcement of its decisions.We can conclude, therefore, that obiter dicta supply the potential for superior general jurisprudence and for improved particular judgment. In short, that obiter dicta reveal a new way for the French Council of State to dispense justice
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Voltolina, Teresa <1995>. "I Dicta di Francesco D'Assisi negli Opuscula di Wadding." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16968.
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Nella mia tesi mi sono occupata della questione dei Dicta di Francesco d'Assisi nell'edizione "B. P Francisci Assisiatis Opuscula".
Nel primo capitolo, in un primo momento, ho fornito una breve rassegna della storiografia moderna francescana, essenziale ai fini di comprendere il contesto in cui si inserisce l'erudito. Successivamente, ho riportato la biografia del francescano. In particolare ho trattato, più approfonditamente, i diversi incarichi da lui svolti per la Chiesa romana e la fondazione della biblioteca del Collegio di Sant'Isidoro: ciò ha permesso di offrire una dettagliata descrizione dei testi e degli strumenti da lui avuti a disposizione per la stesura delle sue opere.
Nel secondo capitolo, l'illustrazione delle diverse teorie relative all'autenticità dei Logia funge da introduzione al tema generale: lo studio della raccolta dei dicta da parte del Wadding. L'analisi è consistita nella ricerca delle fonti; nell'esame della visione d'insieme e dello scopo dell'esistenza della sezione degli Opuscula. In particolare, l'osservazione attenta delle modifiche apportate dall'editore, confermata dalla consultazione diretta dei manoscritti da lui utilizzati, è stata fondamentale ai fini del mio lavoro.
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Moore, Emily. "Développement d'un modèle thermodynamique et de diffusion chimique pour les combustibles oxydes UO2 et (U, Pu)O2 à l'aide du logiciel DICTRA." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPXX0094.
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Albuquerque, Ivan Rui Lopes de. "Avalia??o das atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamat?ria de uma heterofucana da alga Dictyota menstrualis." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13344.
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-13Fucana ? um termo que define uma fam?lia de hetero e homopolissacar?deos que contem L-fucose em sua estrutura. Neste trabalho uma hererofucan F 2,0v da alga Dictyota menstrualis foi avaliada como agente antinociceptivo e antiinflamat?rio. A fucana F 2,0v inibiu a migra??o de leuc?citos em at? 100% (20.0 mg/kg) para a cavidade peritoneal ap?s estimulo qu?mico, por?m, n?o alterou a express?o das interleucinas IL-1β, IL-6 e de TNF-α. Com rela??o a sensa??o dolorosa a F 2,0v (20.0 mg/kg) possui atividade antinociceptiva perif?rica com pot?ncia semelhante ? dipirona. Por outro lado n?o apresentou efeito no teste da placa quente. An?lises de microscopia confocal e citometria de fluxo mostram que a F 2,0v se liga a superf?cie dos leuc?citos. O conjunto de resultados apresentados pela fucana F 2,0v sugerem que o mecanismo de a??o est? relacionado com sua capacidade de inibir a migra??o de leuc?citos para o local da inj?ria tecidual. Em resumo os dados mostram que F 2,0v apresenta grande potencial como composto antinociceptivo e antiinflamat?rio. Estudos futuros ser?o realizados para caracterizar melhor o mecanismo de a??o da F 2,0v
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Hammadi, Souzan. "Solidification Modeling of Microsegregation." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231496.
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A phase transformation from liquid to solid phase takes place when the material solidifies. Limited diffusion during this phase transition causes microsegregation, which is aphenomenon during solidification that leads to the formation of secondary phases andconcentration gradients. This affects the properties of the material and how it is to be treatedin further processing steps. Due to the complexity of the solidification process, a modelingapproach has been used for investigation of microsegregation. The Scheil-Gulliver model assumes negligible diffusion in the solid phase but an exchange ofsolute during back-diffusion can have an important influence on solidification. While the Brody-Flemings model considers this, it is questionable in its assumptions. A new proposedmodel by John Ågren that considers multicomponent diffusion effects have been implementedusing the Matlab-Toolbox for Thermo-Calc. The model is used to perform solidification simulations for the binary Al-2.1Cu and theternary Al-2.1Cu-1Si system (at%) and the results are compared to the Scheil-Gulliver modeland DICTRA simulations. The Ågren model gives excellent results for the binary system athigh cooling rates. It does however show deviations from the DICTRA results at lowercooling rates and for the ternary system.När ett material stelnar sker en fasomvandling från flytande till fast fas. Begränsad diffusionunder denna fasövergång orsakar mikrosegring, vilket är ett fenomen under stelningsförloppetsom skapar sekundära faser och koncentrationsgradienter. Detta påverkar egenskaperna hosmaterialet and hur den ska behandlas under senare processteg. På grund av komplexiteten avstelningsprocessen har modellering använts för att undersöka mikrosegring. Scheil-Gulliver modellen antar att det inte sker någon diffusion i fast fas men ett utbyte avinlösta ämnen kan ha ett viktigt inflytande på stelningsförloppet. Fastän Brody-Flemingsmodellen tar hänsyn till detta så är den tveksam i sina antaganden. En ny föreslagen modell avJohn Ågren betraktar diffusionseffekter för ett multikomponent system och denna harimplementerats med hjälp av Matlab-Toolbox för Thermo-Calc. Modellen har använts för att simulera stelning för ett binärt Al-2.1Cu och ett ternärt Al-2.1-1Si system (at%) och resultaten har jämförts med Scheil-Gulliver modellen och DICTRAsimuleringar. Ågren modellen ger utmärkta resultat för det binära systemet vid högakylhastigheter. Modellen visar däremot avvikelser från DICTRA vid låga kylhastigheter samtför det ternära systemet.
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Wessman, Sten. "Applications of Computational Thermodynamics and Kinetics on Transformations in Stainless Steels." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121337.
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Stainless steels are high-alloyed, usually with multiple components and often also dual matrix phases, as for duplex stainless steels. This make predictions and calculations of alloying effects on equilibria and transformations complicated. Computational thermodynamics has emerged as an indispensable tool for calculations within these complex systems with predictions of equilibria and precipitation of phases. This thesis offers examples illustrating how computational methods can be applied both to thermodynamics, kinetics and coarsening of stainless steels in order to predict microstructure and, to some extent, also properties. The performance of a current state-of-the-art commercial thermodynamic database was also explored and strengths and weaknesses highlighted.QC 20130429
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Junior, Isaac Malheiros Meira. "Dicta Probantia: análise da hermenêutica do estilo de vida do jovem adventista." Faculdades EST, 2015. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=613.
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Esta pesquisa busca identificar e analisar o uso do método texto-prova de interpretação bíblica entre os adventistas do sétimo dia (1986-2013) a partir dos materiais de orientação sobre o estilo de vida do jovem adventista, e sua influência sobre a hermenêutica da juventude adventista. O primeiro capítulo faz uma descrição histórica do "método texto-prova", sua origem e presença no cristianismo em geral e no adventismo em particular. Também faz uma distinção entre tal método e outros recursos hermenêuticos utilizados na teologia adventista, e uma breve avaliação do método à luz dos princípios hermenêuticos oficiais da Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia. O segundo capítulo verifica a presença do método texto-prova em materiais de orientação sobre o estilo de vida do jovem adventista, produzidos e divulgados pela Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia no período de 1986-2013. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo avalia a influência do uso do "método texto-prova na espiritualidade e na formação hermenêutica dos jovens adventistas, utilizando-se da teoria dos Estágios da fé, de James Fowler.This research aims to identify and analyze the use of the biblical interpretation method named "proof-text method" among Seventh-day Adventists (1986-2013) in the literature about the lifestyle of young Adventist, and its influence on the hermeneutics of Adventist youth. The first chapter is a historical description of the "proof-text method", its origins and presence in Christianity in general and in particular in Adventism. It also makes a distinction between this method and other hermeneutical resources used in Adventist theology, and a brief review of the method in the light of adventist official hermeneutical principles. The second chapter assesses the presence of the "proof-text method" in guidance materials on the lifestyle of young Adventist, produced and published by the Adventist Church Seventh Day in the 1986-2013 period. Finally, the third chapter analyzes the influence of the use of the "proof-text method" in spirituality and hermeneutical training of young Adventists, using the theory of "Stages of Faith" proposed by James Fowler.
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Themann-Steinke, Andrea. "Valerius Maximus : ein Kommentar zum zweiten Buch der "Facta et dicta memorabilia"." Trier WVT, Wiss. Verl. Trier, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991092341/04.
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BARONTINI, LUCA. "Il principio del ne bis in idem: disciplina interna e dicta europei." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/929159.
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Yñiguez, Aletta Tiangco. "Spatial Dynamics in the Growth and Spread of Halimeda and Dictyota in Florida reefs: A Simulation Modeling Approach." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/62.
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Macroalgae are an important part of the coral reef ecosystem that has largely been overlooked. However, in the past few decades their abundances have increased and this has been attributed to combinations of coral mortality opening up space in the reef, decreased grazing and increased nutrient load in reefs. This dissertation illustrates a novel means of investigating the effect of various growth and disturbance factors on the dynamics of macroalgae at three different levels (individual, population and 3-species community). Macroalgae are modular and clonal organisms that have differing morphologies depending on the environment to which they are exposed. These traits were exploited in order to understand the factors that were acting on the dominant and common macroalgae in the Florida Reef Tract: Halimeda tuna, Halimeda opuntia and Dictyota sp. The agent-based model SPREAD (SPatially-explicit REef Algae Dynamics) was developed to incorporate the key morphogenetic characteristics of clonality and morphological plasticity. It revolves around the iteration of macroalgal module production in response to light, temperature, nutrients, and space availability, while fragmentation is the source for mortality or new individuals. These processes build the individual algae then the population. The model was parameterized through laboratory experiments, existing literature and databases and results were compared to independently collected field data from four study sites in the Florida Keys. SPREAD was run using a large range of light, temperature, nutrient and disturbance (fragmentation without survival) levels and yielded six morphological types for Halimeda tuna, and two each for Halimeda opuntia and Dictyota sp. The model morphological types that matched those measured in two inshore patch reefs (Cheeca Patch and Coral Gardens) and two offshore spur and groove reefs (Little Grecian and French Reef), were formed in conditions that were similar to the environmental (light, nutrient and disturbance) conditions in the field sites. There were also differences between species in the important factors that influenced their morphologies, wherein H. opuntia and Dictyota were more affected by disturbance than growth factors, while H. tuna morphology was affected by both. Allowing for fragmentation with survival in the model resulted in significantly higher population abundances (percent cover and density). The highest abundances were achieved under high fragment survival probabilities and a high disturbance level (but not large fragment sizes). Incorporating fragmentation with survival and simulating the variations in light, nutrients and disturbance between the inshore patch reefs and offshore spur and groove reefs in SPREAD led to comparable abundances of Halimeda in the virtual reef sites. Adding competition for space and light and epiphytism by Dictyota on the two Halimeda species suggests that it can regulate the populations of the three macroalgae. However, comparing model abundances to the field, competition may not be a strong regulating force for H. tuna in all the sites and H. opuntia in the patch reefs. H. opuntia in the offshore reefs is possibly competitively regulated. Although SPREAD was not able to capture the patterns in the population abundance of Dictyota, this points to the potential importance of other morphometrics not captured by the model, a variation in growth curves between reef habitats, or the differential contribution of sexual reproduction.
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Lagos, Larenas José Pablo. "Reclamación judicial de resolución administrativa dictada respecto de objeción de legalidad en proceso de negociación colectiva : consideraciones procesales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138804.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)El presente trabajo se enfoca en el análisis de la negociación colectiva reglada en la legislación laboral chilena, específicamente el estudio se concentra en la etapa administrativa denominada “Objeciones de Legalidad”, que se origina cuando el empleador hace observaciones al proyecto de Contrato Colectivo presentado por los trabajadores, o en su caso, las observaciones que éstos hacen de la respuesta del empleador a su proyecto de Contrato Colectivo. Es aquí en donde el ente administrativo, la Inspección del Trabajo, o en su caso, la Dirección del Trabajo, tiene un rol decisorio, ya que el artículo 331 del Código del Trabajo le entrega al organismo fiscalizador de las relaciones laborales en nuestro país, facultades auténticamente jurisdiccionales al facultarlo para resolver estas “Objeciones de Legalidad”. El conflicto se genera, toda vez que no es factible recurrir en contra de la resolución dictada por la Inspección del Trabajo en esta materia, ante los Tribunales Ordinarios de Justicia, idea que el suscrito no comparte, existiendo 5 disposiciones legales y jurisprudencia que señalan lo contrario, generando así un conflicto de competencia, entre el órgano administrativo y los Tribunales Ordinarios de Justicia. En el desarrollo de este memoria, se analizan las normas que reglan el Proceso de Negociación Colectiva chileno, las distintas posturas que otros países en Latinoamérica sostienen, los distintos medios que se han usado para impugnar la resolución que pronuncia la Inspección del Trabajo y sus resultados jurisprudenciales, especialmente mediante la interposición de recursos de Queja, que si bien, son rechazados, anulan lo actuado en virtud de las facultades de oficio que entrega la Ley a la Corte Suprema, todo lo cual lleva a establecer la existencia de un problema judicial real y efectivo, lo que conlleva al suscrito a proponer soluciones y modificaciones legales con el fin de complementar y aclarar el Procedimiento de Negociación Colectiva en nuestro Código del Trabajo, esclareciendo así ambigüedades y lagunas en relación con la competencia de los entes encargados de resolver estas “Objeciones de Legalidad”
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Mason, Benjamin M. "The importance of detritus and microenvironment nutrient enrichment to the growth of coral reef macroalgae, Halimeda and Dictyota /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/masonb/benjaminmason.html.
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Costa, Thiago Gomes. "Caracteriza??o estrutural e avalia??o das atividades farmacol?gicas da fucana B extra?da da alga Dictyota menstrualis." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12628.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-06Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Seaweeds are a major source of biologically active compounds . In the extracellular matrix of these organisms are sulfated polysaccharides that functions as structural components preventing it against dehydration. The fraction 0.9 (FucB) rich in sulfated fucans obtained from brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis was chemical characterized and evaluated for pharmacological activity by testing anticoagulant activity, stimulatory action on the synthesis of an antithrombotic heparan sulfate, antioxidant activity and its effects in cell proliferation. The main components were FucB carbohydrates (49.80 ? 0.10 %) and sulfate (42.30 ? 0.015 %), with phenolic compounds ( 3.86 ? 0.016 %) and low protein contamination ( 0.58 ? 0.001 % ) . FucB showed polydisperse profile and analysis of signals in the infrared at 1262, 1074 and 930 cm -1 and 840 assigned to S = O bonds sulfate esters , CO bond presence of 3,6- anhydrogalactose , β -D- galactose non- sulfated sulfate and the axial position of fucose C4 , respectively. FucB exhibited moderate anticoagulant activity , the polysaccharides prolonged time (aPTT ) 200 ug ( > 90s ) partial thromboplastin FucB no effect on prothrombin time (PT), which corresponds to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation was observed. This stimulation promoted fraction of about 3.6 times the synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) by endothelial cells of the rabbit aorta ( RAEC ) in culture compared with cells not treated with FucB . This has also been shown to compete for the binding site with heparin. The rich fraction sulfated fucans exhibited strong antioxidant activity assays on total antioxidant (109.7 and 89.5 % compared with BHT and ascorbic acid standards ) , reducing power ( 71 % compared to ascorbic acid ) and ferric chelation ( 71 , comparing with 5 % ascorbic acid). The fraction of algae showed cytostatic activity on the RAEC cells revealed that the increase of the synthesis of heparan sulfate is not related to proliferation. FucB showed antiproliferative action on cell lines modified as Hela and Hep G2 by MTT assay . These results suggest that FucB Dictyota menstrualis have anticoagulant , antithrombotic , antioxidant potential as well as a possible antitumor action, promoting the stimulation of the synthesis of antithrombotic HS by endothelial cells and is useful in the prevention of thrombosis, also due to its inhibitory action on species reactive oxygen ( ROS ) in some in vitro systems , being involved in promoting a hypercoagulable state
Algas marinhas s?o uma das principais fontes de compostos biologicamente ativos. Na matriz extracelular desses organismos existem os polissacar?deos sulfatados que funcionam como componente estrutural prevenindo-a contra desidrata??o. A fra??o 0,9 (FucB) rica em fucanas sulfatadas obtida da alga marrom Dictyota menstrualis foi caracterizada quimicamente e avaliada quanto a atividade farmacol?gica por meio de ensaios de atividade anticoagulante, a??o estimulat?ria sobre a s?ntese de heparam sulfato antitromb?tico, atividade antioxidante e seus efeitos na prolifera??o celular. Os principais componentes da FucB foram carboidratos (49,80 ? 0,10%) e sulfato (42,30 ? 0,015%), apresentando compostos fen?licos (3,86 ? 0,016%) e baixa contamina??o prot?ica (0,58 ? 0,001%). FucB mostrou perfil polidisperso e sinais na an?lise de infravermelho em 1262, 1074 e 930 e 840 cm-1 atribu?dos a liga??es S=O de ?steres de sulfato, presen?a de liga??o C-O de 3,6-anidrogalactose, β-D-galactose n?o sulfatada e sulfato na posi??o axial do C4 da fucose, respectivamente. FucB exibiu moderada atividade anticoagulante, este polissacar?deo prolongou o tempo de tromboplastina parcial activada (aPTT) a 200 ug (>90s) n?o foi observado qualquer efeito de FucB sobre o tempo de protrombina (PT), que corresponde a via extr?nseca da coagula??o. Esta fra??o promoveu estimula??o cerca de 3,6 vezes na s?ntese de heparam sulfato (HS) pelas c?lulas endoteliais da aorta de coelho (RAEC), em cultura, quando comparadas com as c?lulas n?o tratadas com FucB. Esta tamb?m demonstrou competir pelo s?tio de liga??o com a heparina. A fra??o rica em fucanas sulfatadas exibiu forte a??o antioxidante sobre os ensaios de antioxidante total (109,7 e 89,5% comparados com padr?es BHT e ?cido asc?rbico), poder redutor (71% comparado ao ?cido asc?rbico) e quela??o f?rrica (71,5% comparando com ?cido asc?rbico). A fra??o dessa alga mostrou atividade citost?tica sobre as c?lulas RAEC revelando que o aumento da s?ntese de heparan sulfato n?o est? relacionado ? prolifera??o. FucB apresentou a??o antiproliferativa sobre linhagens celulares modificadas como Hela e Hep G2 pelo ensaio de MTT. Esses resultados sugerem que FucB de Dictyota menstrualis tem potencial anticoagulante, antitromb?tico, antioxidante bem como uma poss?vel a??o antitumoral, promovendo a estimula??o da s?ntese de HS antitromb?tico pelas c?lulas endoteliais, sendo ?til na preven??o da trombose, devido tamb?m a sua a??o inibit?ria sobre as esp?cies reativas do oxig?nio (ROS) em alguns sistemas in vitro, estando envolvidos na promo??o de estado de hipercoagulabilidade
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Walbrühl, Martin. "Diffusion in the liquid Co binder of cemented carbides: Ab initio molecular dynamics and DICTRA simulations." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140880.
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A fundamental quantum mechanical modelling approach is used for calculating liquid diffusion parameters in cemented carbides. Up to now, no detailed description of diffusion for alloying elements in a liquid Co matrix is available. Neither are experimental measurements found in the literature for the self- or impurity diffusion in the liquid Co system. State of the art application is the description of gradient formation in cemented carbide systems using DICTRA. In this work it is assumed that diffusion during sintering of cemented carbides takes place mainly in the liquid Co binder phase. With this assumption one can calculate the diffusion coefficient for different alloying elements like W, Ti, N and C in a liquid Co matrix phase. The mean square displacement (MSD) of the diffusing atoms is used to obtain the diffusion coefficients which could be simulated by Ab initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD). By fitting the computed temperature dependence with the Arrhenius relation one can determine the frequency factor and the activation energy which allows to give a quantitative description of the diffusion. Three methods will be used for validating the data from this work. Available estimated literature values based on calculations (scaling laws, a modified Sutherland equation and classical molecular dynamics) will be used to compare the results in a first instance. The general agreement for diffusion in liquid metals will be done by comparison with experimental data for the liquid Fe system. In a last step, the diffusion values obtained by this work will be used to create a kinetic database for DICTRA. The gradient simulations will be compared with experimentally measured gradients. The AIMD simulations are performed for binary diffusion systems to investigate the diffusion between the liquid Co matrix and one type of alloying element. In a second approach the diffusion for a multicomponent systems with Co, W, Ti and C has been performed. The results from the present AIMD simulations could be shown to be in good agreement with the literature. Only two DICTRA simulations could be performed within the timeframe of this work. Both are predicting a ~3 times bigger gradient zone whereas the initial choice of the labyrinth factor λ = f could be identified as a possible source of disagreement. A labyrinth factor of λ = f2 with the calculated mobility values from the AIMD calculations should give improved results. Although the results from those simulations are not available to this date. The two approaches of the diffusion simulations in the binary and multicomponent system are giving matching results. The non-metallic elements C and N are diffusing two times faster than the fastest metallic element Co. The diffusivity of Ti is slightly lower than Co and W could be identified as the element with the slowest diffusion within the liquid Co matrix. Further investigations of the liquid structure could indicate the tendency to form bonds between C and W and between C and Ti. This gives slowed down diffusion of C in the multicomponent system compared to the diffusion in the binary Co-C system.
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Murray, Jeffrey. "Valerius Maximus on Vice: a commentary on Facta et Dicta Memorabilia 9.1-11." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22968.
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The Facta et Dicta Memorabilia of Valerius Maximus, written during the formative stages of the Roman imperial system, survives as a near unique instance of an entire work composed in the genre of Latin exemplary literature. By providing the first detailed historical and historiographical commentary on Book 9 of this prose text - a section of the work dealing principally with vice and immorality - this thesis examines how an author employs material predominantly from the earlier, Republican, period in order to validate the value system which the Romans believed was the basis of their world domination and to justify the reign of the Julio-Claudian family. By detailed analysis of the sources of Valerius' material, of the way he transforms it within his chosen genre, and of how he frames his exempla, this thesis illuminates the contribution of an often overlooked author to the historiography of the Roman Empire.
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Assef, Alexia Nathália Brígido. "Meio condicionado de macrófagos ativados por polissacarídeos sulfatados da alga parda Dictyota caribaea inibe a proliferação de melanoma metastático In vitro." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/24598.
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ASSEF, A. N. B. Meio condicionado de macrófagos ativados por polissacarídeos sulfatados da alga parda Dictyota caribaea inibe a proliferação de melanoma metastático In vitro. 2017. 87 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Farmacologia) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, 2017.Submitted by Farmacologia Pós-Graduação (posgfarmacologia@gmail.com) on 2017-08-07T22:02:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_anbassef.pdf: 2693690 bytes, checksum: 383c9eb9c2aeb8aaa7466ce9c480c742 (MD5)
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Cancer refers to a set of diseases related to uncontrolled proliferation and invasion of neoplastic cells into distant tissues. The tumoral tissue is complex and consists of several non-tumor cells that contribute, together with the tumor cells, to the formation of the tumor microenvironment (MIT). MIT favors the growth and development of the tumor and increase the aggressiveness of the disease. Among the non-tumor cells present in MIT, macrophages (MΦ) have prominent role. MΦ have high phenotypic plasticity, and may show anti-tumor action when activated classically (M1 phenotype) or pro-tumor, when tumor-associated MΦ undergo alternative activation (M2-like phenotype). TAMs are often related to a worse prognosis for the patient. Modulation from M0 MΦ (unstimulated) to M1 or re-education from TAM to M1 are strategies aimed at assisting in the treatment of malignant tumors. Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae can act as modifiers of the biological response by regulating the activation of MΦ and potentiate the immune response against tumor cells. The objective of this work was to evaluate the immunostimulatory and antitumor potential of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown algae Dictyota caribaea (DCA) in vitro. Samples of DCA and conditioned medium of macrophage stimulated with DCA (CM) were initially evaluated for cytotoxicity in murine metastatic melanoma (B16-F10 cell line) by the SRB assay and activation of murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cell line) by the Griess assay. Although samples, including crude extract and fractions, were not cytotoxic, all of them activated the MΦ. Additionally, the supernatants of macrophages treated with DCA (CM DCA) were able to inhibit B16-F10 cells growth approximately 25%. The DCA F9 fraction was chosen for additional studies using CM DCA F9 due to their high yield (~40%) and better antiproliferative effect among the other fractions. In addition to increasing nitric oxide production, treatment of macrophages with DCA F9 also increased the release of TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines as measured by ELISA. Treatment of melanoma with CM DCA F9 caused a reduction on cell counting and induced morphological changes without compromising membrane integrity. In relation to the morphology, it was observed an increasing of the population percentage of shrink cells (~10%) and granularity cells (~15%). CM DCA F9 treatment also changed B16-F10 cell cycle profile. It decreased the G2/M phase. Since nitrite did not inhibit the growth of B16 F10, the antiproliferative effects observed are due to other cytotoxic substances produced by RAW264.7, e.g. TNF-α. When associated with the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX), DCA F9 but not CM DCA F9, potentiated tumor cell inhibition in vitro. In conclusion PS of D. caribaea activated MΦ for anti-tumor phenotype. Further studies are needed to improve phenotypic characterization of MΦ, as well as the antitumor effect and respective pathways related to these effects.
O câncer se refere a um conjunto de doenças relacionadas à proliferação descontrolada e invasão células neoplásicas para tecidos distantes. O câncer faz parte de um sistema complexo, constituído por diversas células não tumorais que contribuem, junto com as células tumorais, para a formação do microambiente tumoral (MIT). Por sua vez, o MIT favorece o crescimento e desenvolvimento do tumor e aumento da agressividade da doença. Dentre as células não-tumorais presentes no MIT, os macrófagos (MΦ) possuem papel destacado. Os MΦ possuem alta plasticidade fenotípica, podendo exibir ação anti-tumoral quando ativados classicamente (fenótipo M1) ou pró-tumoral, quando sofrem ativação alternativa (fenópito M2). Os MΦ associados ao tumor (TAM) apresentam fenótipo M2 peculiar e a sua presença está frequentemente relacionada a um pior prognóstico para o paciente. A modulação de MΦ M0 (não estimulados) para M1 ou reeducação de TAM para M1 são estratégias que visam auxiliar no tratamento de tumores malignos. Polissacarídeos sulfatados (PS) de algas podem atuar como modificadores da resposta biológica regulando a ativação de MΦ e potencializar a resposta destes últimos contra células tumorais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antitumoral in vitro de macrófagos ativados por PS extraídos da alga parda Dictyota caribaea (DCA). DCA e o meio condicionado de macrófagos estimulados (MC) pela DCA foram avaliadas inicialmente quanto sua citotoxicidade em melanoma metastático (linhagem murina B16-F10) in vitro pelo ensaio do SRB. Para avaliação do efeito imunoestimulante de macrófagos (linhagem murina RAW264.7) ativados pela DCA foi realizadoo ensaio de Griess. Embora nenhum PS, incluindo extrato bruto e frações, tenha sido citotóxico, todos ativaram MΦ. Os MC com DCA (MC DCA) 100 e 250 µg/mL foram capazes de inibir aproximadamente 25% do crescimento tumoral in vitro. A fração DCA F9 foi escolhida para estudos adicionais com MC DCA F9 devido ao seu alto rendimento (~40%) e destacado efeito antiproliferativo em relação as demais. Além de aumentar a produção de óxido nítrico, o tratamento de macrófagos com DCA F9 também provocou aumento da liberação das citocinas TNF-α e IL-10 medidas por ELISA. O tratamento de melanoma com MC DCA F9 nas concentrações de 100 e 250 µg/mL causou redução da contagem de células e alterações na morfologia, mas a membrana plasmática permaneceu íntegra. Em relação à morfologia, observou-se aumento das populações de células com tamanho reduzido (~10%) e com granulosidade aumentada (~15%). Além disso, MC DCA F9 alterou o perfil do ciclo celular da B16-F10. Observou-se diminuição de células em G2/M. Uma vez que o nitrito não inibiu o crescimento da B16-F10, os efeitos antiproliferativos observados se devem a outras substâncias citotóxicas produzidas pela RAW264.7, como p.ex. TNF-α. Quando associados com o quimioterápico doxorrubicina (DOX), DCA F9, mas não MC DCA F9, foi capaz de potencializar a inibição tumoral da DOX in vitro. Desta forma, concluímos que os PS de D. caribaea ativaram MΦ para perfil antitumoral. Mais estudos são necessários para complementar a caracterização fenotípica de MΦ, bem como do efeito antitumoral e respectivas vias relacionadas a estes efeitos.
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Albuquerque, Ivan Rui Lopes de. "Purifica??o e caracteriza??o parcial de uma Fucana C de Dictyota mentrualis e estudo do seu efeito antiinflamat?rio e nociceptivo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12546.
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Previous issue date: 2005-12-20In recent years, sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae have emerged as an important class of natural biopolymers with potential application in human and veterinary health care, while taking advantage of the absence of potential risk of contamination by animal viruses. Among these, fucans isolated from the cell walls of marine brown alga have been study due to their anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. These biological effects of fucans have been found to depend on the degree of sulfation and molecular size of the polysaccharide chains. In the present study, we examined structural features of a fucan extracted from brown alga Dictyota menstrualis and its effect on the leukocyte migration to the peritoneum. The sulfated polysaccharides were extracted from the brown seaweed by proteolytic digestion, followed by sequential acetone precipitation producing 5 fractions. Gel lectrophoresis using 0.05 M 1,3-diaminopropane-acetate buffer, pH 9.0, stained with 0.1% toluidine blue, showed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides in all fractions. The chemical analyses demonstrated that all fractions are composed mainly of fucose, xylose, galactose, uronic acid, and sulfate. Electrophoresis in agarose gel in three different buffers demonstrated that the fraction 2.0v have only one population of fucan. This compound was purify by exclusion molecular. It has shown composition of fucose, xilose, sulfate and uronic acid in molar ration of 1.0: 1.7: 1.1: 0.5 respectively. The effect of this heterofucan on the leukocyte migration was observed 6h after zymozan (mg/g) administration into the peritoneum. The heterofucan showed higher antimigratory activity, it decrease the migration of leukocyte in 83.77% to peritoneum. The results suggest that this fucan is a new antimigratory compound with potential pharmacological appications
Em anos recentes, os polissacar?deos sulfatatos de algas marinhas tem emergido como importante classe natural de biopolimeros que podem ser aplicado na assistencia medica humana e veterinaria, tendoi a vantagem da als?ncia de potencial risco de contamina??o por virus animal. Algumas amostras de fucanas foram isoladas de alga marinha maron tensido estudadas quanto a sua atividader anticoagulante, antitromb?tica, antiinflamat?ria e antiviral. O efeito biol?gico das fucanas tem sido dependente do grau de sulfata??o e do tamanho da molecula do polissacar?deo. Neste estudo foi realizado uma analise da composi??o da fucana extra?da da alga maron Dictyota menstrualis e o efeito na migra??o de leuc?citos no peritonio com sua molula??o influencia na modula??o da sensa??o dolorosa perif?rica. O polissacar?deos sulfatado foi extra?do da alga maron por digest?o proteol?tica sequido por precipita??o com acetona produzindo 05 fra??es. A eletroforese em gel usando tamp?o 0,05 M 1,3-diaminopropano-acetato (PDA) pH 9,0 revelado com 1,0% de azul de toluidina demonstrou a presen?a de polissacar?deos em todas as fra??es. A analise qu?mica demonstrou que todas as fra??es s?o compostas principalmente de fucose, xilose, galactose, ?cido uronico e sulfato. As eletroforeses em tr?s sistemas de tamp?es demonstraram que a fra??o 2,0v possui apenas uma popula??o de fucana. Este componente foi purificado por exclus?o molecular e demonstrou uma composi??o de fucose, xilose, sulfato e ?cido ur?nico de 1,0:1,7:1,1:0,5 respectivamente. O efeito desda heterofucana na migra??o de leuc?cito observado 06 horas ap?s a aplica??o zymozan no peritonio. A heterofucana demonstrou alta atividade antimigrat?ria diminuindo a migra??o em 100% na concentra??o de 20,0mg/kg, tamb?m apresentamdo um efeito modulado da sensa??o dolorosa perif?rica de modo dose dependente. Estes resultados sugerem que este fucana possa ser utilizada como novo antiinflamat?rio na industria farmaceutica
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Huet, Guillaume. "Régulation de l'activité transcriptionnelle du récepteur alpha des oestrogènes : mécanismes dictant la contribution cellule-spécifique des fonctions de transactivations AF1 et AF2." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S033.
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Les effets des œstrogènes sur leurs tissus cibles font intervenir des récepteurs spécifiques, ER alpha et ER bêta, qui comportent deux régions de régulation de la transcription dont les activités peuvent varier selon le contexte cellulaire, appelées AF1 et AF2. Nous montrons que l’établissement de jonctions intercellulaires est en partie responsable d’une activité prédominante de l’AF1, notamment de la région appelée boîte 1. Nous montrons ensuite que cette activité de l’AF1, qui conditionne l’activité transcriptionnelle du ERalpha dans son intégralité, est régulée par les Rho GTPases via la modulation du cytosquelette d’actine. Dans des cellules épithéliales différenciées, les Rho GTPases favorisent ainsi une activité de MKL1 qui potentialise l’activité transcriptionnelle du ER alpha. À l’inverse, dans les cellules dédifférenciées, MKL1 inhibe l’activité du récepteur. Nous montrons enfin que MKL1 peut influencer l’activité transcriptionnelle d’autres récepteurs des hormones stéroïdesThe information signal brought by estrogens is transduced in their target tissues by specific receptors (ER) alpha and beta which harbour two regions involved in transcriptional regulation, AF1 and AF2. The respective contribution of these AFs towards ER transactivation potency depends upon the cell considered. We show here that the establishment of cell junctions is required for a predominant activity of the AF1, notably the region called box 1, which we further demonstrate to be under the control of the Rho GTPases/actin/MKL1 axis. According to our results, coactivation of the AF1 box 1 by MKL1 occurs in differentiated cell lines. In contrast, in undifferentiated cells, the status of Rho GTPases and actin cytoskeleton leads the coregulator MKL1 to inhibit the activity of the AF1 box 1. This results in the reduction of the transactivation potency of ERalpha. Finally, we show that MKL1 is able to influence the transcriptional activity of other steroid receptors
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Renken, Hendrik. "Macroalgal dynamics on Caribbean coral forereefs." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/41253.
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Tropical coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems of the world but facing increasing threats to their health. Over the last thirty years, many Caribbean coral reefs have undergone dramatic changes and experienced large losses in coral cover, due to direct and indirect anthropogenic disturbances. The results of which are reefs with low rugosity, changed trophic dynamics and low fish diversity. In recent times reefs have failed to recover from disturbances due to an increase in frequency and severity of disturbances and stresses. In the Caribbean on many coral reefs this has resulted in a shift towards macroalgal dominance by species of the phylum Phaeophyta. The processes and factors affecting the standing crop of macroalgae are many and complex. Two main hypotheses are identified in the literature as being the driving forces of algal dynamics: nutrient dynamics (availability, supply and uptake) and herbivory. However, many studies have been found to be inconclusive because of the complexity of the coral reef ecosystem, which makes it difficult if not impossible to control for all factors and processes influencing the standing crop of macroalgae such as light, water flow and sedimentation. The inherent characteristics of macroalgae, like morphology and life history, make them behave differently. Whilst herbivore characteristics, like size of mouth parts, feeding modes and preferences, will influence the amount of algal biomass removed. The spatial context (i.e. coral fore reef vs. back reef) will influence the effects of both bottom-up and top-down controls. Besides these inter-habitat differences, macroalgae within similar habitats but differing geographical locations may respond differently, for example, a forereef exposed to the open ocean or a forereef located in a sheltered bay. This thesis attempts to provide insight into the dynamics of two dominant brown macroalgae on Caribbean coral reefs, Dictyota spp. and Lobophora variegata. This aim was addressed by developing a model for the macroalga species Dictyota to model the various processes and factors on a coral forereef affecting percentage cover. Further, the patch dynamics of both Lobophora variegata and Dictyota were investigated to gain an insight into their dynamics under varying environmental conditions: the windward and leeward sides of an atoll. Finally, herbivory is identified as one of the key process affecting macroalgal cover. I investigated this process by deploying cages on both the windward and leeward side of the atoll to investigate the effects of grazing pressure under varying environmental conditions. A Bayesian Belief Network model was developed for Dictyota spp. to model the bottom-up and top-down processes on a coral forereef determining the percentage cover. The model was quantified using relationships identified in the scientific literature and from field data collected over a nine moth period in Belize. This is the first BBN model developed for brown macroalgae. The fully parameterized model identified areas of limited knowledge and because of its probabilistic nature it can explicitly communicate the uncertainties associated with the processes and interactions on standing crop. As such the model may be used as a framework for scientific research or monitoring programmes and it is expected that the model performance to predict macroalgal percentage cover will improve once new information becomes available. Size-based transition matrices were developed for both Dictyota spp. and Lobophora variegata to investigate the patch dynamics under varying environmental conditions: the windward and leeward sides of an atoll. The matrices reveal that standard measures of algal percent cover might provide a misleading insight into the underlying dynamics of the species. Modelling the patch dynamics with matrices provided insight into the temporal behaviour of macroalgae. This is an important process to understand because patch dynamics are determining competitive interactions with other coral reef benthic organisms. The outcome of competitive interactions will differ with macroalgal species. This study indicate that Dictyota spp. responded strongly to differing environmental conditions in that it has reduced growth rates and lower percent cover on the leeward side of the atoll, whilst Lobophora variegata showed far less sensitivity to environmental conditions. The patch dynamics of Dictyota spp. also showed a higher temporal variation than Lobophora variegata but only on the exposed forereef. A caging experiment was set up to investigate the response of both macroalgal species to different grazing pressure scenarios, under varying environmental conditions. Dictyota spp. had a significant response to environmental conditions in that a higher percentage cover was found on the exposed side of the atoll, whilst for Lobophora variegata the response was far less obvious. The less clear response of Lobophora variegata was very likely caused by competition of Dictyota with Lobophora due to the very high cover Dictyota obtained in the cages where all herbivores were excluded. The low grazing pressure treatments also showed an increase in cover of Dictyota, whilst for Lobophora, only a reduction in the rate of increase could be observed. The results indicate that on the leeward side of the atoll, fish grazing alone seems sufficient to control the standing crop of Dictyota and Lobophora variegata. Retrospective analysis of the experimental design showed that the limited size of the experimental set up could have confounded the results for Lobophora as well. In future experiments it is recommended to increase number replicates. Management of coral reef habitats is frequently constrained by a lack of funds and resources. The BBN Model once fully parameterized can provide a useful tool for coral reef management, because the model allows exploration of different reef scenario’s, which in turn can aid in prioritizing management strategies. Furthermore, the thesis provided an insight into the complexities of macroalgal dynamics. The responses of macroalgae to physiological factors and ecological processes are species specific and dependent on the location, and caution against generalizing on what controls the standing crop of macroalgae. Therefore it is argued that future investigations into algal ecology should clearly define the species, habitat and location. This can help to make informed management decisions.
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Rule, James R. "Evaluation and Prediction of Hydrogen Assisted Cracking of Dissimilar Metal Welds." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574795595278238.
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Hortala, Solenne. "Les obiter dicta dans la jurisprudence civile de la Cour de cassation : étude de la jurisprudence civile." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10047.
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L’obiter dictum est une figure peu reconnue de la jurisprudence civile de la Cour de cassation. Pourtant, sa présence au sein des arrêts est régulièrement relevée, voire interrogée en doctrine. Mieux connu des juridictions supranationales ou des institutions et juridictions supérieures de droit public, son existence demeure néanmoins troublante. Il était donc nécessaire de mieux comprendre les réticences à son égard, puis d’observer ce qui fait la spécificité des obiter dicta de la Cour de cassation et de chercher à identifier ce phénomène. Une fois la conscience de l’existence et de la particularité du procédé acquise, la notion a pu être étudiée. Instrument incontournable de la common law, l’obiter dictum de la Cour de cassation doit être distingué de son équivalent étranger. Si la dénomination est identique, la réalité qu’elle recouvre diffère. Après avoir également discerné l’obiter dictum d’autres éléments du discours de la Cour de cassation, une définition a pu être proposée à partir d’un double critère : l’insertion de l’énoncé au sein de la décision et son extériorité à l’égard du champ décisionnel. L’étude du statut de l’obiter dictum a, quant à elle, permis de révéler sa nature d’outil au service du juge de cassation. La pratique de cet instrument par le juge de cassation devait donc être précisée, tout en prenant en compte les réflexions actuelles autour de la réforme de la Cour de cassation afin d’envisager le devenir de l’obiter dictum. L’observation des fonctions remplies par ce dernier a mis en lumière son rôle d’outil d’anticipation. Si l’obiter dictum apparaît comme un instrument performant au service des missions jurisprudentielles du juge de cassation, ses vertus ne sont cependant pas sans limites. Il ne peut ainsi être considéré comme un remède systématique aux effets néfastes des revirements de jurisprudence. Outil précieux entre les mains du juge de cassation, l’obiter dictum se révèle, à l’image des interrogations sur l’opportunité et les modalités d’une réforme de la Cour de cassation, être un instrument en quête d’équilibreThe obiter dictum is a little known figure of the civil case-law of the Court of cassation. Yet, its presence amongst cases is regularly acknowledged, and even questioned by legal scholars. Better known by supranational courts or the institutions of superior courts of Public Law, its existence remains unsettling. It was, thus, necessary to better understand the reservations towards this object, and then observe what makes the specificity of the obiter dicta of the Court of cassation as well as to try to identify this phenomena. Once the consciousness of the existence and the specificities of this process had been acquired, its notion could be studied. The obiter dictum of the Court of cassation had to be distinguished from its counterpart that remains inherent and indispensable to the Common Law. Although the designation is identical, the reality they encompass varies. After having, also, separated the obiter dictum from other elements of the discourse of the Court of cassation, a definition was proposed by combinning two criteria : the insertion of an utterance within the decision and its extrinsic nature regarding the decisional field. The study of the status of the obiter dictum revealed its true nature of a tool. The practice of this instrument by the cassation judge needed to be detailed, whilst equally taking into account the contemporary reflections surrounding the reform of the Court of cassation in order to consider what would become of the obiter dictum. The observation of its functions allowed us to shine a light on its anticipatory role. If the obiter dictum seems to be a useful instrument serving the jurisdictional missions of the cassation judge, its virtues are not without limits. It cannot be thought of as a systematic remedy to the negative effects of courts overruling. A precious tool in the hands of the cassation judge, the obiter dictum appears, within the context of the questions regarding the opportunity and modalities of a reform of the Court of cassation, as an instrument searching for/in search of equilibrium
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Hortala, Solenne. "Les obiter dicta dans la jurisprudence civile de la Cour de cassation : étude de la jurisprudence civile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2017. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247191772.
Full textAbstract:
L’obiter dictum est une figure peu reconnue de la jurisprudence civile de la Cour de cassation. Pourtant, sa présence au sein des arrêts est régulièrement relevée, voire interrogée en doctrine. Mieux connu des juridictions supranationales ou des institutions et juridictions supérieures de droit public, son existence demeure néanmoins troublante. Il était donc nécessaire de mieux comprendre les réticences à son égard, puis d’observer ce qui fait la spécificité des obiter dicta de la Cour de cassation et de chercher à identifier ce phénomène. Une fois la conscience de l’existence et de la particularité du procédé acquise, la notion a pu être étudiée. Instrument incontournable de la common law, l’obiter dictum de la Cour de cassation doit être distingué de son équivalent étranger. Si la dénomination est identique, la réalité qu’elle recouvre diffère. Après avoir également discerné l’obiter dictum d’autres éléments du discours de la Cour de cassation, une définition a pu être proposée à partir d’un double critère : l’insertion de l’énoncé au sein de la décision et son extériorité à l’égard du champ décisionnel. L’étude du statut de l’obiter dictum a, quant à elle, permis de révéler sa nature d’outil au service du juge de cassation. La pratique de cet instrument par le juge de cassation devait donc être précisée, tout en prenant en compte les réflexions actuelles autour de la réforme de la Cour de cassation afin d’envisager le devenir de l’obiter dictum. L’observation des fonctions remplies par ce dernier a mis en lumière son rôle d’outil d’anticipation. Si l’obiter dictum apparaît comme un instrument performant au service des missions jurisprudentielles du juge de cassation, ses vertus ne sont cependant pas sans limites. Il ne peut ainsi être considéré comme un remède systématique aux effets néfastes des revirements de jurisprudence. Outil précieux entre les mains du juge de cassation, l’obiter dictum se révèle, à l’image des interrogations sur l’opportunité et les modalités d’une réforme de la Cour de cassation, être un instrument en quête d’équilibreThe obiter dictum is a little known figure of the civil case-law of the Court of cassation. Yet, its presence amongst cases is regularly acknowledged, and even questioned by legal scholars. Better known by supranational courts or the institutions of superior courts of Public Law, its existence remains unsettling. It was, thus, necessary to better understand the reservations towards this object, and then observe what makes the specificity of the obiter dicta of the Court of cassation as well as to try to identify this phenomena. Once the consciousness of the existence and the specificities of this process had been acquired, its notion could be studied. The obiter dictum of the Court of cassation had to be distinguished from its counterpart that remains inherent and indispensable to the Common Law. Although the designation is identical, the reality they encompass varies. After having, also, separated the obiter dictum from other elements of the discourse of the Court of cassation, a definition was proposed by combinning two criteria : the insertion of an utterance within the decision and its extrinsic nature regarding the decisional field. The study of the status of the obiter dictum revealed its true nature of a tool. The practice of this instrument by the cassation judge needed to be detailed, whilst equally taking into account the contemporary reflections surrounding the reform of the Court of cassation in order to consider what would become of the obiter dictum. The observation of its functions allowed us to shine a light on its anticipatory role. If the obiter dictum seems to be a useful instrument serving the jurisdictional missions of the cassation judge, its virtues are not without limits. It cannot be thought of as a systematic remedy to the negative effects of courts overruling. A precious tool in the hands of the cassation judge, the obiter dictum appears, within the context of the questions regarding the opportunity and modalities of a reform of the Court of cassation, as an instrument searching for/in search of equilibrium
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Bernardi, Cécile. "Brasage isotherme sous vide d’alliages d’aluminium pour la réalisation d’échangeurs thermiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0261/document.
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Cette étude présente le brasage isotherme sous vide des alliages d’aluminium appliqué à la fabrication d’échangeurs thermiques. Ainsi, on étudie les évolutions microstructurales des nuances 3003 (Al-Mn) et 4004 (Al-Si-Mg) au cours des différentes étapes du cycle de brasage. Une double approche est mise en œuvre. Dans un premier temps, des échantillons modèles sont traités thermiquement en laboratoire. On suit l’évolution des phases en présence dans les deux alliages et les phénomènes de diffusion à l’état solide grâce à des analyses EDS. Nous montrons que les outils de simulation thermodynamique Thermo-Calc et DICTRA sont fiables à des températures supérieures à 400°C. On propose ensuite une description des mécanismes gouvernant la fusion du métal d’apport. Nous montrons qu’elle aboutit à la ségrégation d’un liquide enrichi en Si à la surface du métal d’apport. Dans un deuxième temps, des essais sont réalisés en industrie afin de prendre en compte les paramètres du brasage réel. Nous mettons en évidence des phénomènes de dissolution excessive et de pénétration de liquide aux joints de grains. Nous identifions les mécanismes qui gouvernent l’apparition de ces problèmes métallurgiques au cours du brasage. Ainsi, une faible taille de grains du métal de base et une diffusion préférentielle aux joints de grain sont mises en causeThis study deals with the vacuum TLP (Transient Liquid Phase) brazing of aluminum alloys applied to the manufacture of heat exchangers. Thus, the microstructure evolutions of 3003 (Al-Mn) and 4004 (Al-Si-Mg) alloys during the whole assembly process are studied. Firsty, model samples are heat treated in laboratory. The phase transformations and the solid state diffusion between the filler alloy and the base alloy are studied. The results are compared to thermodynamic predictions obtained with both Thermo-Calc and DICTRA softwares. We conclude that these tools are reliable at temperatures above 400°C. The fusion path of the filler alloy is described. It is shown that a Si enriched liquid is formed at the clad surface. On a second time, tests are carried out in industrial conditions, in order to take actual brazing parameters into account. Excessive dissolution and liquid penetration at grain boundaries are observed. The fine grained structure of the base alloy associated to a preferential diffusion at grain boundaries appear to be the main causes
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Voss, Justin N. "Coral recovery on phase-shifted reefs depend upon the type of macroalgae present." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/435.
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The Florida Keys experienced some of the most drastic transitions from coral to macroalgae dominated states, known as phase-or regime-shifts, of any reefs in the Caribbean. Macroalgae on coral reefs lower coral recruitment by deterring coral settlement either directly through competition or indirectly by changing the chemical environment near the benthos. With evidence of species-specific interactions to coral-macroalgae competition, the type of macroalgae on a phase-shifted coral reef might be more important than just identifying a reef transition. To answer this question, I tested the effect of Laurencia intricata (a macroalgae related to the settlement inducing crustose coralline algae) and Dictyotaceae (known for its toxic or allelopathic compounds) on Porites astreoides planulae behavior, settlement and choice settlement preference, and post-settlement survival. I found that P. astreoides planulae show a positive response to chemical cues released from L. intricata, crustose coralline algae, and species in the Dictyotaceae family. However, the positive chemical cue response becomes algal-specific as larvae start probing for settlement substrate. Providing P. astreoides larvae with a choice between settlement substrates, revealed that the algal structure caused higher settlement next to L. intricata, while Dictyotaceae deterred larval settlement. It may be beneficial for larvae to settle next to L. intricata over Dictyotaceae algae. I identified that post-settlement survival was enhanced when P. astreoides larvae settled next to L. intricata while Dictyotaceae species did not enhance or deter post-settlement survival. These results indicate that coral larvae may be responding differently to a variety of chemical cues. Any chemical or physical cue from a reef may be used by coral larvae to identify and locate settlement substrate on a reef. Once they identify a reef’s location, they express a more selective behavior during settlement by avoiding Dictyotaceae macroalgae and favoring L. intricata. This suggests that the composition of a phase-shifted reef matters to coral recovery, not only that it has shifted to a dominated macroalgal state.
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Lindwall, Greta. "Multicomponent diffusional reactions in tool steels : Experiment and Theory." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Termodynamisk modellering, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103328.
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Many phenomena determining the microstructure of a tool steel and consequently the properties of the material, are governed by multicomponent diffusion. The diffusion driven reactions that take place during, for example, tempering of a hot-work tool steel or when the microstructure develops during hot isostatic pressing of cold-work tool steel, are dependent on the types and amounts of alloying elements. In order for computational methods to be usable, these alloying effects need to be understood and incorporated in the models. In this work the influence of some typical tool steel alloying elements on the coarsening behavior of precipitates is investigated. Experimental coarsening studies are performed and the impact of the diffusion mobility descriptions and the thermodynamic descriptions are investigated by means of DICTRA coarsening calculations. The kinetic descriptions for diffusion in the body centered-cubic phase in the case of the chromium-iron-vanadium system and the chromium-iron-molybdenum system are improved by assessments of diffusion mobility parameters, and are shown to have a large impact on the calculated coarsening rate for vanadium-rich and molybdenum-rich precipitates. The effect of cobalt is examined by a coarsening experiment for vanandiumrich carbides and by a diffusion couple experiment for the investigation of the vanadium interdiffusion. The presence of cobalt is experimentally shown to have retarding effect on the coarsening rate of the carbides, but not on the vanadium diffusion. The coarsening rate of nitrogen-rich precipitates is compared to the coarsening rate of carbon-rich precipitates, and a lower coarsening rate for nitrides compared to carbides can be confirmed. Correlation between coarsening calculations and experiments is obtained suggesting that the thermodynamic description of the two systems is the underlaying reason for the different coarsening rates. Further, calculations utilizing the DICTRA software are combined with experimental investigations in order to study the possibility to apply computational methods for compound material development and explore application areas for high nitrogen alloyed tool steels produced by powder metallurgy.QC 20121011
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Svantesson, Jonas. "Exploratory study of the interactions between textured alumina coatings and steel." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231442.
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The crater wear of alumina coated WC-Co cutting tools is thought to be influenced by the chemical reactions between the coating and the workpiece material. Three different crystal orientations ((001), (012), and (100) of alpha alumina CVD coatings are examined in combination with four workpiece materials of steel to establish what reactions are present, and the extent of diffusion. The alumina coatings and workpiece materials were pressed together as diffusion couples and heat treated at 1250- 1300°C for 10-20hours. It was fond that the types of inclusions present in the workpiece were more impactful on the chemical wear of the coating than the crystal orientation of the coating. EDS measurements show significant amounts of W and Co on the surface of the coatings and on the steel surfaces after heat treatment. This is thought to be connected to the migration of Co through the coating in cooling cracks and other impurities. In the surface of the coating, areas of solidified Co-rich structure have been found, implying that Co has formed an alloy with Fe, C, Al, and W with sufficiently low melting temperature to partially melt during the heat treatment. This has been confirmed as possible by simulations in Thermo-calc. Turning tests and scratch tests were made with the same combinations of coatings and workpiece material and show differences in adhesion of workpiece material on the different coating orientations. The 100-orientation has been found to have the most adhered workpiece material, the reason for this being its higher surface roughness. Ultimately no noticeable differences in chemical reactivity between the coating crystal orientations was found. The Co diffusion though the coating occurred for all the coating orientations and further experiments in turning with the different workpiece materials are required to determine the effect of Ca-rich inclusions on the magnitude of chemical wear.Handledare på företag:
Susanne Norgren
Doc. Ph.D, Group Expert Materials Design
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Gustafson, Åsa. "Aspects of microstructural evolution in chromium steels in high temperature applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3048.
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In this thesis 9-12 % Cr steels, used for high-temperaturecomponents in fossil-fired power plants are considered. Thecreep strength of thees steels depend on their microstructurethat consists of a matrix of tempered lath martensite withdensely distributed precipitates. The mechanical properties arestrongly influenced by precipitates present in the matrix andthe more densely distributed they are the higher is thehardening effect. These particles nucleate, grow and coarsenduring use in power plants, leading to a degradation ofmechanical properties. In this thesis the nucleation andcoarsening behaviour of the precipitates in the Cr steels aresimulated by new models and the results are compared withtransmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of testedmaterials.
A model of the nucleation of MX, which mainly isvanadium-nitrides, is presented. MX precipitates are assumed tonucleate on dislocations during annealing. The model takes intoaccount the full multicomponent thermodynamical behaviour ofthe system as well as the strain energy caused by a puredilatoric strain and the shape of the nucleus. The calculationsyield a critical size and shape represented by an oblatespheroid with a radius of a few nanometers and a thickness ofan atomic layer. This is in agreement with TEM observations ofsupercritical particles.
A new coarsening model, which takes into account themulticomponent effects, is presented and it has been tested ondifferent systems to validate the model.
Four different carbides, Cr7C3, Mo6C, VC and NbC, in austenitic matrix as well asγ ' in ternary Ni-base super-alloy systems (Ni-Al-Mo)were compared with measurements from literature.
TiC-particles in austenitic stainless steel, ASTM 316Ti,were considered. The simulations were performed taking intoaccount iron and 7 alloying elements. The measurements wereperformed with TEM on samples that had been heat-treated at900° C.
MX and M23C6in a 9 % Cr steel were investigated with energyfiltering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) andcompared with simulations. The used samples had been heattreated for various periods of time at 600 and 650° Cfor up to 26 000 h.
The agreement of the simulations with the experiments wasgood in all cases when reasonable values of the interfacialenergy, the only adjustable parameter, were chosen.
Coarsening simulations were also performed to investigatethe influence of changes in composition on the coarsening rate.For MX, in a 9 % Cr steel, the coarsening rate is almostindependent of the V/Nb ratio but highly dependent on theN-content. Also the effect on the coarsening rate for M23C6by adding Co to a Cr steel was investigated bysimulation. Co is known to increase the resistance totempering. The results show that a final average radius of thecarbides after 30 000 h at 600° C decreases with 30 % witha Co addition of 10 mass %.
Keywords:Cr steels, nucleation, coarsening, model,DICTRA, precipitates, carbides, carbo-nitrides, MX, VN, M23C6, TiC, TEM, EFTEM, Curie-temperature
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Cuba, Fernández María Teresa. "La responsabilidad de terceros en el pago de créditos laborales dictada en ejecución de sentencia: el criterio de los magistrados de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Arequipa." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/10171.
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El presente trabajo de investigación busca analizar si existe vulneración del derecho al debido proceso en la aplicación de la responsabilidad solidaria en la etapa de ejecución de sentencia ante la imposibilidad de cobrar los créditos laborales al obligado principal que es el empleador. Como parte de la investigación
se han analizado los criterios emitidos por parte de los magistrados de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Arequipa en los procesos en los que, en ejecución de sentencia se ha solicitado se declare la responsabilidad solidaria de la empresa Comercio y Servicio de la Selva S.A. por existencia de vinculación económica con la empresa demandada, Manufacturas del Sur S.A.C. en Liquidación. Al respecto, llegamos a la conclusión de que no existe vulneración al derecho al debido proceso cuando dos empresas vinculadas económicamente y que forman un grupo de empresa, mantienen una dirección común o estrategia común, y además cuentan con el mismo domicilio, dado que tienen la posibilidad de tomar conocimiento del proceso judicial desde el inicioTrabajo académico
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Dicty, Viola [Verfasser]. "Ein Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Bewertung der aktuell verfügbaren Evidenz veterinärmedizinischer Fachliteratur : exemplarisch dargestellt an der Disziplin Physiologie und Pathologie der Fortpflanzung / Viola Dicty." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1022599739/34.
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Ucci, Russell. "Investigation of Interface Diffusion on the Reliability of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor by Thermodynamic Modeling." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1344529070.
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Jáuregui, Rojas María Gabriela. "Acción de no discriminación y jurisprudencia dictada entre julio del año 2012 y julio del año 2017 : análisis de la conceptualización de la discriminación arbitraria, la carga de la prueba y solución de conflictos entre derechos fundamentales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146542.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y socialesEn la presente tesis se analizan los procesos tramitados conforme a la acción de no discriminación arbitraria, contemplada en la Ley Nº 20.609, terminados por sentencia definitiva y sus respectivos recursos emanados de los Juzgados de Letras Civiles, Cortes de Apelaciones y Corte Suprema, dictados desde julio del año 2012 hasta julio del año 2017 en base a tres criterios: la conceptualización de la discriminación arbitraria, distribución de la carga de la prueba y la solución de conflictos entre derechos fundamentales. Se divide la tesis en tres capítulos, el primer capítulo se titula “Marco normativo y teórico”, el segundo, “Panorama general de las acciones de no discriminación arbitraria”, y el tercero, “Análisis de criterios. Conceptualización de la discriminación arbitraria, distribución de la carga de la prueba y solución de conflictos entre derechos fundamentales”. Palabras clave: Ley Nº 20.609; Ley Zamudio; acción de no discriminación arbitraria; principio de igualdad y no discriminación; jurisprudencia; conceptualización de la discriminación arbitraria; distribución de la carga de la prueba; solución de conflictos entre derechos fundamentales.
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Khalilnezhad, Ghavidel Neda. "La mort et son image : de la France à l'Iran. Une étude comparative de la conception de la mort dans les proverbes et sentences latins, français et persans." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0127.
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La mort reste une énigme essentielle de la vie humaine et la restera pour toujours du fait qu’elle est une irréalité dont l’homme ne peut aucunement faire l’expérience. Son idée, pour dire autrement, est à ce titre posée en dehors du projet de l’existence, si l’on croit Sartre. Or, un philosophe comme Heidegger la pose même au fin-fond de notre expérience en mettant en avant sa fameuse thèse de l’être-pour-la-mort. Quoiqu’il en soit, la mort étend son royaume partout, depuis la terre au ciel, et demeure d’actualité hier et de nos jours. D’où son omniprésence aussi bien dans les textes des philosophes et penseurs que dans les propos du peuple ; dans les sentences ainsi que dans les proverbes. Ces derniers font justement l’objet de notre thèse. Nous avons en effet essayé de voir l’image que trouve la mort dans ces textes de sentence ou de proverbe, selon qu’elle est exprimée par le persan ou le français ; d’où l’importance qui est également accordée aux espaces culturels différents l’un de l’autre que sont l’Orient et l’Occident. La mort change de visage, nous allons le voir, suivant qu’elle sera traitée sous la plume d’un religieux ou d’un athée. Il est pour ainsi dire question des conceptions ou visions du monde, de la mort en l’occurrence, qui diffèrent d’un espace à l’autre et qui feront désormais, peut-être, l’intérêt des recherches à venir. Notre thèse se veut ainsi une analyse, si ce n’est une histoire, de la mort à travers une étude comparée des proverbes et sentences en langues latine, persane et françaiseDeath remains an essential mystery of human life and will stay so forever since it is an unreality that human cannot experience at all. Its idea, in other words, is something outside the notion of existence, if we believe in Sartre. Where as, a philosopher like Heidegger, has even gone beyond by putting in advance his famous thesis of being-for-death. However, death spreads its kingdom everywhere, from earth to heaven, and remains the reality of yesterday and today. These comprise the subject of this thesis. We have indeed tried to see the picture that death would find in the sentences or proverbs, according to whether it is expressed in Persian or French; hence the importance is equally attached to the cultural differences of the East and the West. Death changes the face; we will see it: following that it will be treated under the pen of a religious or an atheist. This is for the purpose of questioning the concept or vision of the world, of death in this case, which differ from one place to another and who will now, perhaps, be interested in the future research. This thesis is an analysis, if not a story, of death through a comparative study of proverbs and sentences in Latin, Persian and French languages
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Walbrühl, Martin. "ICME guided development of cemented carbides with alternative binder systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214108.
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The development of alternative binder systems for tungsten carbide (WC) based cemented carbides has again become of relevance due to possible changes in EU regulations regarding the use of Cobalt (Co). A framework for the ICME (Integrated Computational Materials Engineering) based Materials Design is presented to accelerate the development of alternative binder systems. Part one of this work deals with the design of the cemented carbide composite hardness. It has been shown that the intrinsic binder hardness is comparable to a bulk metal alloy and that based on the binder solubilities a solid solution strengthening model developed in this work can be employed. Using a method presented in this work the non-equilibrium, frozen-in binder solubilities can be obtained. Both the design of the binder phase and composite hardness is presented based on a general Materials Design approach. Part two deals with a multiscale approach to model the surface gradient formation. The experimentally missing data on liquid binder diffusion has been calculated using AIMD (Ab initio Molecular Dynamics). The diffusion through the liquid cemented carbide binder has to be reduced to an effective diffusion value due to the solid carbides acting as obstacles that increase the diffusion path. The geometrical reduction of the diffusion has been investigated experimentally using the SIMS (secondary ion mass spectroscopy) technique in WC-Nickel-58Nickel diffusion couples. The geometrical contribution of the so-called labyrinth factor has been proven by the combination of the experiments and in conjunction with DICTRA simulations using the precise liquid AIMD diffusivities. Unfortunately, despite the improved kinetic database and the geometrical diffusion reduction, the surface gradient formation cannot be explained satisfactory in complex cemented carbide grades. Additional, but so far unidentified, contributions have to be considered to predict the surface gradient thickness.QC 20170919
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Viano, Yannick. "Recherche de molécules non-toxiques actives en antifouling à partir d'organismes marins de Méditerranée." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595753.
Full textAbstract:
Alors que les premières formes de vie sont apparues dans les océans il y a près de 4 milliards d'années, les premières espèces terrestres remontent seulement à 400 millions d'années. Malgré cela, les substances naturelles d'origine marine ne représentent que 10% de l'ensemble des molécules isolées à ce jour à partir d'organismes vivants. Ces composés chimiques sont pourtant très spécifiques du fait des particularités du Monde Marin. Au sein des organismes qui les biosynthétisent, ils peuvent notamment intervenir dans la défense chimique contre les parasites et les autres compétiteurs. Ces molécules apparaissent donc comme des alternatives potentielles aux oxydes du tributylétain (TBTO) présents dans les revêtements antifouling et interdits depuis 2008 en raison de leur toxicité. Dans ce contexte et dans le cadre d'un partenariat avec le Parc national de Port-Cros, l'étude de la composition chimique de plusieurs organismes marins méditerranéens, des algues vertes (Caulerpa taxifolia) et brunes (Dictyota sp., Dictyota dichotoma, Cystoseira foeniculacea) ainsi que des bryozoaires, a été entreprise. Ces travaux ont permis l'isolement et la caractérisation structurale d'une vingtaine de métabolites secondaires (dérivés terpéniques et lipidiques, stérols), parmi lesquels huit sont originaux. L'identification de l'ensemble de ces molécules a été réalisée par le biais de l'utilisation de différentes méthodes spectroscopiques (RMN 1D et 2D, SM-HR) et la stéréochimie de certaines d'entre-elles a été établie par RMN (expérience NOESY 1H-1H) et modélisation moléculaire. Des corrections de données spectrales ont été également proposées pour cinq composés connus. Par ailleurs, l'activité anti-adhésion de plusieurs métabolites issus d'algues a été évaluée vis-à-vis d'un biofilm bactérien marin (Pseudoalteromonas sp.) afin de déterminer leur potentiel en tant qu'agents antifouling : plusieurs de ces composés présente une activité intéressante (CE50 = 30 μM), certes inférieure à celle du TBTO (CE50 = 10 μM), mais largement supérieure à celles de co-biocides utilisés actuellement. Parallèlement à ces travaux, l'analyse des variations temporelles et spatiales de l'expression métabolique de certaines des espèces étudiées a été réalisée à des fins écologiques. D'une part, les extraits mensuels de C. taxifolia présentent généralement une activité anti-adhésion importante quand le taux de caulerpényne dans l'extrait est élevé. D'autre part, d'importantes fluctuations ont notamment été observées dans la composition chimique des bryozoaires Myriapora truncata et Pentapora fascialis en fonction de leur lieu de récolte.
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Bedel, Marie. "La « matière troyenne » dans la littérature médiévale : Guido delle Colonne Historia destructionis Troiae : introduction, édition-traduction partielles et commentaire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20042.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail propose d’étudier l’un des nombreux textes médiévaux portant sur le mythe de la guerre de Troie. Transmis à l’Occident médiéval non pas par le biais d’Homère mais par celui des classiques latins et de certains auteurs de l’Antiquité tardive, ce mythe connut un immense succès en Europe durant tout le Moyen Âge, malgré l’ignorance du grec et de l’Iliade. Nous avons choisi d’éditer partiellement et de commenter l’un des plus importants monuments de la matière troyenne médiévale, texte presque inédit aujourd’hui, car totalement délaissé depuis la Renaissance et le retour aux textes anciens. Dans une introduction, nous avons exposé les principes de notre travail d’édition, c'est-à-dire listé les différents manuscrits utilisés par l’éditeur précédent (Nathaniel Griffin), puis surtout présenté notre manuscrit de base, le Cod. Bodmer 78, absent de la liste des manuscrits collationnés par Griffin. Puis nous avons consacré un chapitre à la langue du texte, un latin médiéval très lisible quoiqu’empreint de « modernismes », notamment au niveau du lexique. Puis, après avoir présenté le texte, sa langue et notre méthode d’édition, nous avons exposé le peu d’éléments que nous avions sur notre auteur, sa vie, son œuvre et le contexte intellectuel au milieu duquel il évolua dans la Sicile du XIIIe siècle, ainsi que l’engouement européen pour la matière troyenne qui explique son choix de reprendre ce grand mythe dans son Historia. Enfin il nous a fallu évoquer les nombreuses sources utilisées par Guido delle Colonne, ses sources directes, indirectes ou inavouées. En dernier lieu, nous avons offert un résumé de chaque livre édité et traduit. Suit une bibliographie détaillée sur les manuscrits et éditions anciens de ce texte, des manuels, le contexte culturel et historique en Europe et en Sicile au Moyen Âge, les textes grecs, latins et vernaculaires se rapportant à la guerre de Troie et ayant influencé notre auteur de près ou de loin, les ouvrages critiques sur le traitement de cette matière troyenne dans l’Antiquité et au Moyen Âge, et enfin les quelques éléments bibliographiques portant sur Guido et sur son œuvre. Vient ensuite notre édition-traduction. La traduction est accompagnée d’un double apparat : un apparat des sources et réminiscences ainsi qu’un apparat critique qui prend en compte et compare les leçons contenues dans notre manuscrit de base avec les variantes citées par l’éditeur précédent dans les quelques manuscrits qu’il a utilisés. Au bas de la traduction, figurent des notes d’érudition destinées aux noms ou des faits cités dans le texte et qui méritent une explication. Après cette partie introduction philologique et édition, la deuxième grande partie de cette thèse consiste en un commentaire et des annexes. Dans notre commentaire, nous avons souhaité interroger notre texte dans ses aspects narratologiques, thématiques, génériques, linguistiques et idéologiques. C’est pourquoi nous avons consacré un premier chapitre à l’étude narratologique du texte, son contenu, son agencement, ses techniques narratives, son utilisation des sources et ses principales thématiques. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons abordé le genre et le ton de cette Historia, qui se veut un texte historique quoique traitant une matière fictionnelle puisque mythologique à une époque où les genres littéraires ne sont pas encore définis et encore moins cloisonnés ; nous avons en outre longuement commenté et illustré le choix de l’écriture en prose et en latin à une époque où la mode est au vers et au vernaculaire. Enfin, notre troisième chapitre porte sur le contenu scientifique, politique et idéologique de ce texte truffé de parenthèses érudites et morales. En dernier lieu, nous avons proposé une édition diplomatique de la partie non éditée ni traduite du manuscrit, ainsi que des annexes sur les manuscrits et le vocabulaire, et bien sûr des index des noms propres et un glossaire des mots rares ou surprenantsThis work proposes to explore one of the many medieval texts on the myth of the Trojan War. Transmitted to medieval Europe not through Homer but by the Latin classics and some authors of late Antiquity, this myth was a huge success in Europe during the middle Ages, despite the ignorance of the Greek and the Iliad. We chose to partially edit and comment on one of the most important monuments of the medieval Trojan material, almost unpublished text today because totally abandoned since the Renaissance and the return to the ancient texts. In an introduction, we exposed the principles of our editing work, that is to say, listed the various manuscripts used by the original publisher (Nathaniel Griffin) and especially presented our basic manuscript, Cod. Bodmer 78, absent from the list of manuscripts collated by Griffin. Then we have a chapter on the language of the text, a medieval Latin highly readable although full of "modernism", particularly in terms of vocabulary. Then, after introducing the text, the language and our editing method, we exposed the little things we had on our author, his life, his work and the intellectual context in which he evolved in thirteenth century Sicily, and the European craze for the Trojan material explains his choice to take this great myth in his Historia. Then, we had to mention the many sources used by Guido delle Colonne, its indirect or direct or unacknowledged sources. Lastly, we provided a summary of each book published and translated. Then follows a detailed bibliography on manuscripts and old editions of this text, textbooks, historical and cultural context in Europe and Sicily in the Middle Ages, the Greek texts, Latin and vernacular related to the Trojan War and that influenced our author near or far, the critical works on the treatment of this Trojan material in antiquity and the Middle Ages, and finally some bibliographic elements on Guido and his work. Then comes our edition-translation. The translation is accompanied by a double pageantry: one for the sources and reminiscences, and a critical apparatus that considers and compares the lessons contained in our manuscript with basic variants cited by the previous editor in some manuscripts that he used. At the bottom of the translation include scholarly notes for names or facts mentioned in the text and deserve an explanation. After this introduction and part philological edition, the second major part of this thesis consists of a comment and annexes. In our review, we wanted to examine our text in its narratological, thematically, linguistic, generic and ideological aspects. That is why we have devoted the first chapter to the narratological study of the text, its content, its layout, its narrative techniques, use of sources and its main themes. In a second part, we discussed the type and tone of the Historia, which intends to be a historical text while attending a fictional material since mythological, at a time when genres are not yet defined and less compartmentalized; we have also commented extensively and illustrated the choice of writing in prose and Latin at a time when fashion is to poetry and vernacular. In the end, our third chapter focuses on the scientific, political and ideological content of this text peppered with parentheses and moral scholars. Finally, we proposed a diplomatic edition of the unedited or translated part of the manuscript, as well as appendices on manuscripts and vocabulary, and of course the name index and a glossary of rare or surprising words
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Havlová, Veronika. "Mikrobiotopová preference cedivečky zápřední (Dictyna civica) - jak řešit estetický problém nových omítek v České republice." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-87558.
Full text
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Machargo, Camblor Diego 1990. "La Pintura Dicta el Camino." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/29380.
Full textAbstract:
En la primera parte de esta disertación se propone un estudio sobre la
concepción de una nueva imagen en pintura, resultado de las continuas decisiones
tomadas en el proceso creativo que marcan significativamente el resultado final de la
misma. La pintura se construye por medio de las sucesivas superposiciones de las
capas que van marcando su apariencia. Presentamos un estudio de los diferentes
cambios que la pintura adopta a lo largo de su evolución, otorgándole una autonomía
que le pertenece en exclusivo por la que es capaz de desenvolver una direccionalidad
dentro de este proceso. Pensar en la pintura como algo dúctil y maleable que le permite ser adaptada y modificada a nuestra voluntad siempre que queramos, adquiriendo un inagotable número de formas posibles. Este planteamiento conlleva, por un lado, una abertura en la obra que pone en cuestión su fin y, por otro, nos hace considerar a las capas
como partes decisivas a la hora de configurar la última imagen. La mano del artista actúa como mediador entre la obra y su interior. Es necesario que éste se entregue y entre por completo en su trabajo, así se producirá un profundo diálogo entre ambos. El acto de crear reúne una serie de acontecimentos espontáneos que nacen de esta conexión. La pintura dicta el camino y el artista entra en el juego de seducción a partir del cual crearán la obra.
La segunda parte se compone un análisis de una pintura. Mostrando las diferentes transformaciones que adopta hasta llegar a su última metamorfosis, acompañada de una reflexión del proceso. Por último se presentan una serie de pinturas que fueron realizadas a lo largo de esta disertaciónEsta dissertação de Mestrado em Pintura centra o seu interesse no processo de construção da imagem pictórica. Pretende-se reflectir sobre como determinadas estratégias compositivas e conceptuais estabelecem a direccionalidade da obra, e determinam o seu resultado final. A pintura será entendida como um processo moldável e alterável, como campo de ensaio no qual, à priori, não existe qualquer condicionante nem ideia preestabelecida de um resultado final. Analisar-se-á a autonomia inerente à pintura através de obras e textos de vários artistas, examinando os papéis que desempenham a obra, o artista e o processo na busca de uma criação nova. A primeira parte da investigação compõe-se de quatro capítulos: No primeiro capítulo - Camadas -, introduz-se o tema das camadas na pintura, realçando as suas implicações no desenvolvimento da obra. No segundo capítulo - Metamorfoses da imagem pictórica -, analisam-se casos práticos da obras de três autores: Robert Gober, Manuél Eirís e Ignasi Aballí, revelando diversas formas de trabalhar e entender a pintura. No terceiro capítulo - A linguagem pictórica: dar forma ao eu interior -, expõe-se a experiência de três autores: Robert Motherwell, Álvaro Lapa e Júlio Pomar, a partir de textos escritos pelos próprios. No último capítulo - Criação -, expõe-se e aprofunda-se uma série de conceitos, tais como: o momento da criação, a função do pintor e outros factores que no conjunto estabelecem o princípio e o fim da obra. Para uma melhor compreensão de cada um destes capítulos, opta-se por uma descrição mais detalhada: PARTE I 1. Camadas O acto de apagar é considerado como uma retificação, eliminar algo que não é correto. Na História da Pintura encontram-se numerosos exemplos da utilização 3 desta ‘técnica de apagar’ como forma de (re)criar, desde os antigos palimpsestos até ao famoso Erased the De Kooning Drawing (1953) de Robert Rauschenberg. O trabalho em pintura pressupõe constantes processos de adição, pintando por cima, sobrepondo camada sobre camada. O artista pode ir cobrindo, modificando, removendo ou adicionando informação. Como tal, a pintura possui um carácter aberto, decidindo o artista quando esta está terminada, podendo inclusive ser sujeita a constantes mudanças radicais ou subtis; desta forma o conceito de pintura infinita entra em jogo. Poderá uma pintura não ter fim? Uma das primeiras questões a considerar é olhar a base sobre a qual intervimos como o espaço que permite experimentar, mudar, retocar, modificar ou eliminar quantas vezes nos seja possível e o desejo assim o entenda. Deste modo, a base converte-se na memória de tudo o que ocorreu e do que não voltará a ser visível. 2. Metamorfoses da imagem pictórica Robert Gober pintou ao longo de todo um ano Slides of a changing painting (1982-1983) numa pequena base de madeira, sobre a qual tinha instalado uma câmara fotográfica. O resultado foi uma obra documental: uma coleção de diapositivos agrupados em séries. Centenas de imagens registadas, documentando as mudanças, as metamorfoses às quais submeteu a sua pintura. Assim, relata-nos de um modo surrealista os momentos essenciais da vida da sua pintura, onde o processo se torna mais importante que o resultado final. As novas pinturas apagam as anteriores, trabalha-se a partir delas e pouco a pouco vão deixando de partilhar semelhanças na composição, afastando-se da sua referência e voltam a nascer. A pintura de algum modo dita o caminho de tudo o que vai acontecer desde a primeira pincelada. Gradualmente articula-se uma ‘seleção natural’ de formas, cores, luzes ou composições que espontaneamente determinam o que interessa abandonar ou conservar. O caminho realizado pelo artista descobre um infinito de espaços possíveis, cada vez que este pára, observa e decide intervir. 4 O carácter aberto da obra toma especial interesse e emoção, quando se volta a cobrir por completo para começar de novo. Uma acumulação de intenções e propostas permanece na memória da pintura, uma vez que não existe o medo do erro. Tudo acontece para adiante, já que nesta procura, o conjunto pode ser transformado uma e outra vez. Construir mediante a sobreposição implica ocultar, negar e aprender à base de destruir. 3. A linguagem pictórica: dar forma ao eu interior Que procura ou busca o artista na criação? Neste capítulo pretende-se analizar desde um ponto de vista pessoal, a forma de entender a pintura ligada à atitude existencial-vital do artista frente à tela e também a linguagem pictórica própria de acordo com a sua forma de pensar e sentir a criação artística. 3.1.Robert Motherwell - Motherwell começa as suas pinturas e a forma de analisar o subconsciente mediante o automatismo psíquico no início da obra, o que marcará a conceção de tudo o que acontecerá posteriormente. A partir daí começa a trabalhar a imagem: pára de pintar, reflete, ‘ordena’ a composição…, uma dualidade entre o sentir mais primitivo, instintivo e a parte mais cognitiva, racional do pensamento artístico. A pintura para ele, não pode existir sem a conjugação destas partes, surgindo da correção dos erros por meio do sentimento. Este ‘deixar-se levar’ na conceção de novas imagens requer uma posteior análise depois de serem lançadas ao mundo. O pensamento hierarquiza, aclara e analisa todos os resultados, de forma a buscar a sensualidade e o impacto da imagem junto com o acto físico da criação. Isto provoca que por vezes seja necessário agrupá-las e observar como decorreu a evolução nesse incessante processo de autodescobrimento. Essência e sentimentos existentes abaixo do nível da consciência. O artista possui o seu próprio vocabulário e o que faz é tentar projetá-lo na tela mediante a pintura, sem nenhum condicionante do mundo visível. O importante é o existe dentro de si, a necessidade do pintor é dar forma a esse eu interior. 5 4. Criação No último capítulo é tratado o tema da criação: o tempo e o sujeito criativo. É feito essencialmente a partir dos seguintes textos: O olho e o espírito (1964) de Maurice Merleau-Ponty e O mistério da criação artística (1940) de Stefan Zweig. Na primeira parte é discutido o papel do pintor segundo Merleau-Ponty que é visto como um intermediário, como um participante alheio à sua vontade . Em que medida o artista participa da obra se for visto como um simples mediador? Será a função principal do pintor materializar os desejos da obra? O facto de materializar, é o que lhe atribui a função de criador e como tal de ser ele quem decide criar algo novo, traze-lo ao mundo A parte final do capítulo trata da criação, não tanto do ponto de vista da obra, mas sim do que leva o artista a criar, do momento ou circustâncias que ativam este processo. Para isso é usado como referência O mistério da criação artística de Stefan Zweig. PARTE II A segunda parte da dissertação compõe-se de uma análise do processo pictórico pessoal e da apresentação das pinturas realizadas que foram criadas simultaneamente com este estudo. O objectivo final será o de estabelecer uma conexão entre a prática e a teoria, num exercício de auto-análise, com a intenção de consolidar o meu processo criativo através de uma reflexão crítica do mesmo
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Rabanal, Atalaya Melissa. "Estudio de los sistemas de polisacáridos del alga parda Dictyota dichotoma y su actividad antiviral." Tesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/45310.
Full textAbstract:
Los objetivos iniciales de este trabajo de tesis consistieron en la extracción de los polisacáridos de la feofita Dictyota dichotoma, el fraccionamiento y la elucidación estructural de los polisacáridos purificados, y la evaluación de sus actividades antivirales contra los virus CVB3 y HHV1.
El primer polisacárido extraído fue el fucoidano. El alga seca y molida se extrajo con etanol a temperatura ambiente y a 70 °C; seguidamente se extrajo con HCl diluido a temperatura ambiente y a 70 °C, por nueve veces consecutivamente. Sobre el residuo se extrajo el alginato con Na2CO3 al 3% a 50 °C. Los polisacáridos provenientes de la extracción con HCl se fraccionaron a través de la precipitación con Cetrimide y posterior redisolución con concentraciones crecientes de 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 4 y en algunos casos de 5 M de NaCl. El estudio estructural se basó en la metilación de los polisacáridos fraccionados y en la espectroscopía de resonancia magnética nuclear bidimensional, particularmente HSQC. Además, se realizaron análisis de las fracciones purificadas sobre los virus de CVB3 y HHV1. El fucoidano extraído a temperatura ambiente (EAR) mostró características de un polisacárido heterodisperso con respecto a la composición de monosacáridos, siendo la fucosa el principal monosacárido (36%), seguido de galactosa (23%), y proporciones más chicas de xilosa y manosa (≤ 18%). Además, dicho extracto mostró altas proporciones de hidratos de carbono (48%), ácidos urónicos (21%), medianas proporciones de grupos sulfato (15%) y un bajo peso molecular (6,5 KDa). Los extractos obtenidos a mayor temperatura también mostraron heterodispersión con respecto a la composición de monosacáridos, observando que conforme incrementaba la secuencia extractiva la cantidad de fucosa y galactosa disminuían, mientras que la cantidad de xilosa y manosa se incrementaban. Los análisis generales nos mostraron en todos los extractos altas proporciones de hidratos de carbono excepto en EAH9. Además, la cantidad de proteínas solubles y peso molecular y grupos sulfato disminuyeron, mientras que los ácidos urónicos incrementaban conforme se incrementaba la secuencia extractiva. El alginato extraído exhibió una preponderancia del ácido manurónico por sobre el ácido gulurónico. Además, los análisis mostraron que parecen triadas de dihos ácidos urónicos. El fraccionamiento con Cetrimide mostró que EAR y EAH1 tienen características de un típico galactofucano sulfatado, con cantidades muy pequeñas de otras estructuras. Conforme el fraccionamiento continúaba, a bajas redisoluciones, la cantidad de fucosa disminuía y la xilosa, manosa y ácidos urónicos se incrementaban. A medida que el fraccionamiento continúó esta tendencia predominó, la fucosa dejó de ser el monosacárido principal en la mayoría de las subfracciones en los siguientes extractos, mientras, que los manosa, xilosa y ácidos urónicos se incrementaron.
El análisis estructural de las fracciones purificadas mostraron un core basado en residuos de →2)-Man-(1→ con sustituciones en O-3 o en O-6 y →6)-Gal-(1→, sulfatada en O-3. Además, se observó que los residuos de fucosa se encontraron enlazados en proporciones variables en C-2, C-3 y C-4, y en buena medida terminales, así como altas proporciones de ramificaciones de β-D-xilosa. La acción antiviral contra el virus HHV1 en las diferentes fracciones tanto a temperatura ambiente como a 70 °C, mostró que la fracciones -0,5, con características de uronofucoidanos, presentaron la más alta actividad antiviral, seguida de las fracciones EAR-2 y EAR-4. Por otro lado, a pesar que la actividad de las fracciones obtenidas a temperatura poseían menor actividad antiviral, las fracciones EAH2-0,5, EAH4-0,5 y EAH9-0 presentaron actividades moderadas. Con respecto al virus CVB3, los extractos de la feofita D. dichotoma mostraron actividades moderadas frente este virus, siendo las fracciones EAR-1,5, EAR-4 y EAH1-4, las que presentaron la mejor actividad antiviral. Cabe señalar que la fracción EAR-4, caracterizada por presentar un fucogalactano sulfatado, mostró ser la de mayor actividad frente a ambos virus, mientras que los altos valores obtenidos de CC50 en todas las fracciones indican una baja citotoxicidad para los fucoidanos extraídos de Dictyota dichotoma.
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Padula, DJ. "Select high value Australian finfish : residues and contaminants of importance to public health and market access." Thesis, 2011. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/12493/1/Padula_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Consumers worldwide expect access to safe seafood products regardless of its origin. Each country judges imported products against its own residue and contaminant standards coupled with differing testing capability, sample collection, sample preparation and data reporting strategies. Australian exporters of finfish whether it is farmed or wild capture origin have to negotiate their way through a series of regulatory hurdles and gate keeper organisations in each market they wish to target. Detention or destruction of product at border control stations can occur if importing country standards are not met. This thesis outlines five separate case studies of how this has been successfully done with select high value Australian finfish species by tackling different issues of public health and market access concern.
The General Introduction provides an overview of the researched finfish species and introduces the key residues and contaminants addressed in this thesis.
Chapter two introduces dioxins and PCBs data for single season grow- out farmed Australian Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) SBT. The mean concentration of dioxins found was 0.53 pg WHO TEQ/g (range 0.2-1.1) while the mean concentration of PCBs found was 32 µg/kg (range 13-55).
Chapter three more comprehensively addresses single season grow-out farmed Australian SBT not just for dioxins and PCBs, but pesticides, antibiotics and metallic elements. Japanese port of entry official sampling methods are discussed. The mean concentration of dioxins in wild SBT was 0.14 pg TEQ/g (range 0.07-0.32) and in farmed SBT was 0.2 pg TEQ/g (range 0.06-0.8). The mean concentration of the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in wild SBT was 0.27 pg TEQ/g (range 0.18-0.45) and in farmed SBT was 1 pg TEQ/g (range 0.2-4). Mean PCB concentration in wild SBT was 0.13 pg TEQ/g (range 0.1-0.21) and in farmed SBT was 0.8 pg TEQ/g (range 0.17-3.5). Mean PCB total concentration in wild SBT was 0.47 µg/kg (range 0.4-0.6) and in farmed SBT was 6.6 µg/kg (range 0.8-41). The mean concentration of total mercury in wild SBT was 0.34 mg/kg (range 0.28-0.42) and in farmed SBT was 0.31 mg/kg (range 0.18-0.45). There were no detectable levels of any pesticide or antimicrobial compounds in any sample of SBT.
Chapter four introduces farmed Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) YTKF and Mulloway (Argyrosomus hololepidotus). Data on dioxins, PCBs, pesticides, veterinary medicines and metallic elements are presented and discussed in terms of Australia, Japanese and European regulatory standards. The mean concentration of dioxins in YTKF was 0.6 pg TEQ/g (range 0.22-0.8) and in Mulloway was 0.16 pg TEQ/g (range 0.16-0.16). The mean concentration of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in the YTKF was 2.6 pg TEQ/g (range 1.4-3.5), while the Mulloway had a mean concentration of 0.67 pg TEQ/g (range 0.57-0.76). The mean concentration of PCBs in YTKF was 21 µg/kg (range 8.6-29) and in Mulloway was 5.4 µg/kg (mean 4.7-6). The mean concentration of dioxin-like PCBs in YTKF was 2.1 pg TEQ/g (range 1.2-2.8) and in Mulloway was 0.51 pg TEQ/g (Range 0.41-0.61). The mean mercury concentration in YTKF was 0.03 mg/kg (range 0.02-0.05) and in Mulloway it was 0.023 mg/kg (range 0.02-0.04). There were no detectable levels of any pesticide or antimicrobial compounds in any sample of YTKF or Mulloway.
Chapter five addresses total mercury content in wild Australian SBT. Results are discussed in terms of international regulatory standards and compared with bluefin tunas available in the Japanese market. Mean total mercury concentration was 0.43 mg/kg (range 0.24-0.72). A dietary exposure assessment found that pregnant women and women planning pregnancy could consume one 150 g serving per week, the rest of Australian general adult population could consume up to three 150 g servings per week and children (up to 6 years) could consume one 75 g serving of Australian wild SBT per week.
Chapter six investigates total mercury content of canned wild Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) products. The mean total mercury content found in 2005 was 0.10 mg/kg (range 0.07-0.15) and in 2006 was 0.09 mg/kg (range 0.02-0.22). Testing of condiment canning ingredients identified low levels of mercury in black pepper and cinnamon. A dietary exposure assessment found that pregnant women and women planning pregnancy could consume seven 150 g servings per week, while the rest of the Australian adult general population could consume up to 14 150 g servings per week and children (up to 6 years) could consume eight 75 g servings of these canned tuna products per week. The use of fixed body weight values in exposure assessments may bias results when compared to actual current body weight values of the Australian population. These issues are discussed in conjunction with the inability of consumers to readily identify low mercury content tuna species from back of packaging labelling.
Chapter seven describes the causes of detentions and rejections of Australian seafood products in international trade. On a numerically basis, cadmium in Australian crustaceans is ranked the highest notification category. However, caution is urged when assessing these lists without access to qualifying information on frequency of testing, number of tests undertaken, sampling methodology, laboratory analytical techniques and reporting basis. Standards in each notification instance are compared between the importing country and those in Australia. Fish names are discussed and their application to identification of product in trade is highlighted.
The General Discussion summarises outcomes of research covered in this thesis and identifies future product integrity research needs and priorities for the Australian seafood industry to meet current and future market access needs.
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Guidon, Marion. "Les femmes et les menstrues : quand le cinéma, les séries télévisées et les publicités dictent les règles." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22514.
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