Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dictionary definition

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Academic literature on the topic 'Dictionary definition'

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Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 29 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Dictionary definition"

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Töpel, Antje. "Methoden zur Erstellung von Bedeutungsparaphrasenangaben." Lexicographica 30, no. 1 (October 10, 2014): 291–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2014-0011.

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AbstractOnce a new word or a new meaning is added to a monolingual dictionary, the lexicographer is to provide a definition of this item. This paper focuses on the methodological challenges in writing such definitions. After a short discussion of the central terminology (method and definition), the article describes factors which inform this process: linguistic theories, linguistic and lexicographical methods, and types of definitions. Using the example of elexiko, a dictionary project of the Institute for the German language (IDS) in Mannheim, Germany, the paper finally showcases the compilation of definitions in a monolingual online dictionary of contemporary German.
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Verburg, Marja, and Monique Huijgen. "Van Dale Basiswoordenboek Nederlands." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 27 (January 1, 1987): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.27.09ver.

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Van Dale Basiswoordenboek Nederlands (Elementary Dictionary of Dutch), to appear in May 1987, differs from existing school dictionaries in a number of ways. The number of entries is considerably larger. It contains ± 25.000 entries, whereas the currently most frequently used school dictionary (Dijkstra' School Dictionary) contains ± 14.000 entries. The definitions are characterized as follows. Usually a logical definition is given. The definition of the word in a rather arbitrary context as in Dijkstra, is not very practical because for a child it is difficult to ascertain what part of the explanation is paraphrased by this context and what part is a definition of the entry. Synonymous definitions are only used to define difficult words by means of an easy one; in the position of the easy word a logical definition is provided. In this way circular definitions are avoided. In order to demonstrate the relation of a cluster of derivations to a root word we employ a morphosemantic definition for words belonging to such a cluster. The Basis woordenboek pays attention to usage in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. It contains ± 1200 entries, meanings and expressions that are typical of the Dutch language as spoken in Belgium. Proverbs and expressions are to be found at a fixed location, i.e. in the entry of the first noun that occurs in the proverb or expression. If there is no noun, the (first) adjectives, and if there is no adjective either, the first verb is the entry where the proverb or expression is to be found. Approximately six months after the publication of the Basis-woordenboek a lesson series on how to use a dictionary will be marketed by the same publisher, specifically aimed at how to use this dictionary.
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Hashimzade, Nigar, Georgina A. Myles, and Gareth D. Myles. "Can Authority be Sustained while Balancing Accessibility and Formality?" HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 27, no. 52 (January 6, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v27i52.25132.

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Economics has developed into a quantitative discipline that makes extensive use of mathematical and statistical concepts. When writing a dictionary for economics undergraduates it has to be recognised that many users will not have sufficient training in mathematics to benefi t from formal definitions of mathematical and statistical concepts. In fact, it is more than likely that the user will want the dictionary to provide an accessible version of a definition that avoids mathematical notation. Providing a verbal description of a mathematical concept has the risk that the outcome is both verbose (compared to a definition using appropriate mathematical symbols) and imprecise. For the author of a dictionary this raises the question of how to resolve this conflict between accessibility and formal correctness. We use a range of examples from the Oxford Dictionary of Economics to illustrate this conflict and to assess the extent to which a non-formal definition can be viewed as authoritative.
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Amilia, Fitri, Kisyani Laksono, and Budinuryanta Yohanes. "Pragmatic Aspects of Definition in Technical Terms Dictionary." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v1i3.51.

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The Dictionary of Technical Terms has not shown any significant development on its existence. This dictionary has never been revised since its first publication in 1985 by the National Institute of Language. The dictionary which was presented in KBBI Daring has not also shown any significant changes. The means of defining terms are found to be similar to those of the common dictionary. It is evidenced that there has been no formula yet to define in the dictionary of technical term. This study aims to describe the pragmatic aspects of definition which is the distinctive feature in defining lemma in the dictionary of technical term. Nine different technical term dictionaries published in 1985 by Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa were taken as the sources of data to find out about definian and definiandum. Data were gathered through documenting and synthesizing the pragmatic aspects of definian. Pragmasematic approach is the basis of the pragmatic aspects found in the dictionary of technical term. The data were then analyzed using content analysis of similarities and distributions of the definian. The results showed that the pragmatic aspects can be seen from the citation of pragmatic features related to the user’s need while the use of semantic aspects still do exist. The blend of these two is called as pragmasemantic. The findings of this pragmasemantic are indicated by the existence of context setting features, participants, ends, norms, genre, and evidence contexts. This type of pragmasemantic conception consists of a single definian. The findings of this conception is expected to help developing the dictionary of technical terms into learners’ dictionary in which it emphasizes the contextual features of a lemma to assist the learners in grasping the lemma more precisely.
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Zhuikova, Marharyta V., and Alina I. Yodlovska. "On the Problem of Constructing Definitions of Specific Nominal Lexis (Flora and Fauna)." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 19 (2021): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/19/3.

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The article discusses two approaches to the dictionary interpretation of specific nominal vocabulary, i.e. logical-rationalistic and psychological. In the traditional approach to the construction of interpretations, which is consistent with the scientific paradigm of structuralism, it is believed that the definition should include only those semantic components that ensure the delimitation of this meaning from the meaning of all other units of the language (E. Bendix); this requirement is fulfilled by creating a definition from a set of necessary and sufficient features. The aim of this article is to find out whether it is possible to construct definitions based on these requirements for groups of specific vocabulary related to flora and fauna, as well as to identify other approaches to the dictionary description of meanings of words of this group. The research material is an array of definitions from 17 explanatory dictionaries of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Italian, English, and German. The main research method is semantic and comparative analysis of dictionary definitions. The research has revealed that the interpretation of lexis denoting flora and fauna rarely meet the declared requirements.For example, in the twelve considered definitions of the word linden and its equivalents in other languages, nineteen semantic components are used in total, and their number in different dictionaries ranges from three to eight. None of the interpretations provide an unmistakable recognition of this word and contain a set of necessary and sufficient features. The reason for this phenomenon is due to the fact that names of most biological objects refer to stochastic lexis, which cannot be described through a set of distinguishing features due to the peculiarities of the content of the corresponding concepts. One can find a different approach to the definition of names from flora and fauna groups in practical lexicography. The authors of dictionary definitions rely on the most significant, relevant features of the class of realias, i.e. form an interpretation of those characteristics that often fall into the focus of attention of the ordinary native speaker. In many cases the definition includes those signs of realias that are significant for the national cultural tradition. Thus, in constructing definitions of specific lexis from the group of biological objects, practical lexicography is based on a psychological, rather than logical-rationalistic, approach to the dictionary definition, which is consistent with the new cognitive paradigm in linguistics.
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Fontenelle, Thierry. "Structural Regularities vs. Definition Patterns." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 113-114 (January 1, 1996): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.113-114.07fon.

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Abstract In a paper dealing with the computational analysis of dictionaries, Boguraev ("Building a Lexicon: The Contribution of Computers", in International Journal of Lexicography, 4:3, Autumn 1991) claims that exploiting definition patterns in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (PROCTER, 1978) to identify verbs participating in the causative/inchoative alternation misses a number of verb candidates. His contention is that this linguistic property of verbs is reflected in the structure of dictionary definitions and not in the language of definitions. However, the algorithm he suggests for extracting causative/inchoative verbs from LDOCE on the basis of purely structural regularities is not sufficiently selective insofar as it also identifies verbs which participate in other types of transitivity alternations, such as, for instance, the reciprocal alternation.
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Spadaccini, Nick, and Sydney R. Hall. "DDLm: A New Dictionary Definition Language." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 52, no. 8 (July 31, 2012): 1907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci300075z.

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Hall, Sydney R., and Anthony P. F. Cook. "STAR Dictionary Definition Language: Initial Specification." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 35, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00027a005.

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Hill, Felix, Kyunghyun Cho, Anna Korhonen, and Yoshua Bengio. "Learning to Understand Phrases by Embedding the Dictionary." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 4 (December 2016): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00080.

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Distributional models that learn rich semantic word representations are a success story of recent NLP research. However, developing models that learn useful representations of phrases and sentences has proved far harder. We propose using the definitions found in everyday dictionaries as a means of bridging this gap between lexical and phrasal semantics. Neural language embedding models can be effectively trained to map dictionary definitions (phrases) to (lexical) representations of the words defined by those definitions. We present two applications of these architectures: reverse dictionaries that return the name of a concept given a definition or description and general-knowledge crossword question answerers. On both tasks, neural language embedding models trained on definitions from a handful of freely-available lexical resources perform as well or better than existing commercial systems that rely on significant task-specific engineering. The results highlight the effectiveness of both neural embedding architectures and definition-based training for developing models that understand phrases and sentences.
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Haridas, Rajesh P. "Earliest English Definitions of Anaisthesia and Anaesthesia." Anesthesiology 127, no. 5 (November 1, 2017): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001764.

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Abstract The earliest identified English definition of the word anaisthesia was discovered in the first edition (1684) of A Physical Dictionary, an English translation of Steven Blankaart’s medical dictionary, Lexicon Medicum Graeco-Latinum. This definition was almost certainly the source of the definition of anaesthesia which appeared in Dictionarium Anglo-Britannicum (1708), a general-purpose English dictionary compiled by the lexicographer John Kersey. The words anaisthesia and anaesthesia have not been identified in English medical or surgical publications that antedate the earliest English dictionaries in which they are known to have been defined.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dictionary definition"

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Barnbrook, Geoff. "The language of definition : a Cobuild sublanguage parser." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323733.

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Kim, Jeongwoon. "The Effect of Various Word Treatments on Chinese Vocabulary Comprehension During Multimedia Language Learning." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5978.

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The current study investigated the effect of viewing various types of word definitions-dictionary, glossed, and annotated definitions-on Chinese learners' vocabulary comprehension during video-based language learning. A total of 53 advanced Chinese learner participants were given access to various randomized word definitions while viewing the subtitled videos used in the experiment. Results showed that learners recalled words for which they viewed definitions significantly better after the experiment than before. The viewing of dictionary, glossed, or annotated definitions yielded comparable levels of word comprehension. In situations where learners did not view word definitions; however, word comprehension was not significantly higher on the posttest measures of recall. Attrition occurred whether participants viewed word definitions or not, but it occurred more severely for those words that learners chose not to look up definitions. The more a target word occurred, the better the word was comprehended. Survey results showed that participants preferred dictionary and annotated definitions more than glossed definitions. The results from this study suggest that word treatment is an effective way to comprehend vocabulary. If language learners and teachers lack resources to afford cost-intensive glosses and annotations, they can consider taking advantage of free, automatic online dictionaries, which are as effective as glosses and annotations.
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Makarenko, V. "Literalism in translation." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/84345.

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A literal translation of a document means communicatively irrelevant elements of the original. It is the explaining without conveying the sense of the original. The subject of research is a literal translation. The objects of research are a classification of literalisms, their usage in the translation, and main peculiarities. The purpose of the presented work is to explore the multifold phenomenon of literalism in translation, the main translator’s purpose, the nature, and tasks of a literal translation. It is necessary to describe the question of the language equivalence and the possible level of literalisms in a text of the target language. These tasks are essential in order to achieve the main purpose: to describe linguistically and to analyze literalism as a translation strategy; to describe methods and main standards of translation.
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Nielsen, Ryler Jay. "Japanese Vocabulary Learning Through an Interactive Video Platform: Comparative Effects of L1 Versus L2 Definitions and Kana Versus Kanji Presentation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6096.

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Advances in digital technology have recently allowed for richer text annotation in combination with authentic second language video media. As a result, many educational researchers are focusing increased attention on the effect this application of technology can have on second language acquisition. This study examines the comparative effectiveness of target vocabulary treatments with either native language (L1) definitions or target language (L2) definitions when target vocabulary is presented in either kana or kanji as a part of the subtitles of an L2 film based on participant performance on vocabulary assessments. This study also examines the participants' perceived levels of helpfulness of the varying word treatments. The results of the study suggest that providing annotations for target words in the L2 increases learning of that word more than L1 annotations for intermediate learners of Japanese. On the other hand, learners rated access to definitions in L1 as more helpful than L2 definitions, and they expressed their preference for understanding the story more than learning the target vocabulary.
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Mabrak, Sami. "La macrostructure et la microstructure des dictionnaires historiques : etude analytique et comparative de la macrostructure et de la microstructure des dictionnaires historiques français, anglais et arabe." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2089.

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Notre thèse relève du domaine de la lexicographie et plus précisément de la lexicographie contemporaine. Notre étude analyse les dictionnaires historiques comme objet de recherche. Quant à notre problématique de recherche, elle porte sur la constitution de la macrostructure et sur l’élaboration de la microstructure des dictionnaires historiques que sont le Dictionnaire Historique de la Langue Française (le RH), le Dictionnaire Historique de la Langue Anglaise (l’OED) et le Dictionnaire Historique de la Langue Arabe (le DHLA). Les deux premiers dictionnaires historiques sont déjà publiés, alors que le dernier est en cours de compilation.Notre étude comporte deux objectifs principaux. Tout d’abord, elle analyse les éléments de divergence et les éléments de convergence entre la macrostructure et la microstructure des deux dictionnaires historiques, que sont le RH et l’OED. Ensuite, elle examine ces éléments et détermine ceux qui sont applicables dans la constitution de la macrostructure et l’élaboration de la microstructure du DHLA. Pour ce faire, nous avons opté pour l’analyse d’un corpus issu principalement des dictionnaires - le RH et l’OED. Nous avons fait appel également à un corpus secondaire constitué à partir des dictionnaires français, anglais et arabe de langue générale.Notre étude a permis de confirmer que les trois dictionnaires historiques adoptent trois approches différentes dans la constitution de leur macrostructure. Le RH adopte une approche étymologique. Quant à l’OED, il utilise une approche lexicale. Enfin, le DHLA a opté pour une approche complexe. En revanche, ces trois approches sont mises en œuvre en appliquant trois critères, à savoir, tout d‘abord un critère diachronique, puis un critère orthographique et enfin un critère étymologique. En outre, notre étude a permis de confirmer également que la mise en ordre des entrées principales impacte directement la mise en ordre des entrées secondaires.Quant à la microstructure, les trois dictionnaires élaborent la définition de leurs entrées en adoptant relativement le même modèle. En dernière instance, il s’agit d’un modèle construit à partir de trois types d’informations : des informations d’ordre morphologique, des informations d’ordre sémantique et enfin des informations contextuelles
Our thesis is part of the field of lexicography and more precisely of contemporary lexicography. Our study analyses historical dictionaries as a research object. As for the subject of the thesis, it concerns the constitution of the macrostructure and the development of the microstructure for historical dictionaries, which are: the French Historical Dictionary (RH), the English Historical Dictionary (OED) and the Arabic Historical Dictionary (DHLA). The first two are alread published while the third is in progress.Our study has two main goals. First of all it analyses the divergent and convergent elements between macrostructure and microstructure of both RH and OED historical dictionaries. Then it examines these elements and determines those which are applicable in the constitution of macrostructure and the development of DHLA microstructure. To do this, we have chosen the analysis of a corpus mainly from RH and OED dictionaries. We have also appealed to a secondary corpus constituted from general language dictionaries.Our study has affirmed that the three historical dictionaries adopt three different approaches to constitute their macrostructure: etymological for the RH and lexical for the OED, while the DHLA has opted for a complex approach. However these three approaches are implemented by applying three criteria namely, diachronic criterion, orthographical criterion, and etymological criterion. Our study also confirmed that putting main entrances in order directly impacts on the secondary entrances order.As for the microstructure, the three dictionaries elaborate the definition of their entrances by adopting a relatively similar model, built upon three types of information: morphological information, semantic information and contextual information
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Poria, Sanjay. "An engineering approach to knowledge acquisition by the interactive analysis of dictionary definitions." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4820/.

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It has long been recognised that everyday dictionaries are a potential source of lexical and world knowledge of the type required by many Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. This research presents a semi-automated approach to the extraction of rich semantic relationships from dictionary definitions. The definitions are taken from the recently published "Cambridge International Dictionary of English" (CIDE). The thesis illustrates how many of the innovative features of CIDE can be exploited during the knowledge acquisition process. The approach introduced in this thesis uses the LOLITA NLP system to extract and represent semantic relationships, along with a human operator to resolve the different forms of ambiguity which exist within dictionary definitions. Such a strategy combines the strengths of both participants in the acquisition process: automated procedures provide consistency in the construction of complex and inter-related semantic relationships, while the human participant can use his or her knowledge to determine the correct interpretation of a definition. This semi-automated strategy eliminates the weakness of many existing approaches because it guarantees feasibility and correctness: feasibility is ensured by exploiting LOLITA's existing NLP capabilities so that humans with minimal linguistic training can resolve the ambiguities within dictionary definitions; and correctness is ensured because incorrectly interpreted definitions can be manually eliminated. The feasibility and correctness of the solution is supported by the results of an evaluation which is presented in detail in the thesis.
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Todd, Elizabeth Christel. "The Use of Dictionaries, Glosses, and Annotations to Facilitate Vocabulary Comprehension for L2 Learners of Russian." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4115.

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Technology is changing education. Just 30 years ago, instructors were using slow, inefficient technology such as projectors and reels of film, whereas today they have instant access to video from anywhere in the world. This capability has the potential to change the way that language is being taught and learned. Instead of students relying solely on their teacher and textbook for linguistic input, they have access to the Internet which holds a seemingly endless amount of information. This study was inspired by the belief that it is possible to maximize the potential benefit from that availability by implementing the theory that people learn language best when they have access to comprehensible input (Buri, 2012; Crossley, Allen, & McNamara, 2012; Krashen, 1985; Shintani, 2012; Zarei & Rashvand 2011). It also implements the belief of some second-language acquisitions theorists that subtitled video provides language learners with more comprehensible input than non-subtitled video alone (Borrás & Lafayette, 1994; Chun & Plass, 1996; Danan, 2004; Di Carlo, 1994). Thus, this study used interactive subtitled video to investigate the effects of three word definition types on participants' vocabulary comprehension and involved the selection of 120 Russian (L2)words of equal difficulty that were randomly sorted into one of four groups -- three treatments and a control group. Each treatment group contained 30 Russian words with a different type of definition in English (L1): dictionary definitions, which provided the viewers with the definition they would find in the bilingual dictionary; glosses which provided the viewers with the exact meaning of the word only as it pertains to the given context; and annotations which provided an explanation to clarify a word's use in different contexts or its non-traditional uses. Participants totaled 53 men and women ages 18-30 from 4 countries, US, Canada, Germany, and Sweden, who were advanced L2 learners of Russian. To control for the possible effects of a pretest, some of the subjects took a vocabulary pretest, and then all subjects watched a film in Russian with Russian subtitles, which was immediately followed by a vocabulary posttest. Results showed that annotations were most conducive to vocabulary gains, followed by glosses, dictionary definitions, and no definition, respectively. Although this was not the case for all participants, this outcome did hold for the majority, and several possible reasons for this outcome are discussed.
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Cheng, Fei-Huang, and 程飛凰. "Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation Using WordNet Definition and Bilingual Dictionary." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75514058035753453811.

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碩士
國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
90
Word sense disambiguation is an important and difficult problem in the field of natural language processing. A sense tagged corpus is often used as training data in word sense disambiguation research. But constructing a sense tagged corpus is very time consuming. This paper presents an unsupervised word sense disambiguation approach using WordNet definition and bilingual dictionary. We extract collocations as features to disambiguate word sense. The experiment uses bilingual sentences in the LDOCE as training data and Brown corpus as testing data. We have tested and evaluated the English adjective “hard”. Experimental results show that the accuracy rate using the proposed method is 93%, that indicates our approach is effective for word sense disambiguation.
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Kühn, Katrin. "A Model for a Data Dictionary Supporting Multiple Definitions, Views and Contexts." 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16643.

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Auf dem Gebiet der Klinischen Studien sind präzise Begriffsdefinitionen äußerst wichtig, um eine objektive Datenerfassung und -auswertung zu gewährleisten. Zudem ermöglichen sie externen Experten die Forschungsergebnisse korrekt zu interpretieren und anzuwenden. Allerdings weisen viele Klinische Studien Defizite in diesem Punkt auf: Definitionen sind oft ungenau oder werden implizit verwendet. Außerdem sind Begriffe oft uneinheitlich definiert, obwohl standardisierte Definitionen im Hinblick auf einen weitreichenderen Austausch von Ergebnissen wünschenswert sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund entstand die Idee des Data Dictionary, dessen Ziel zunächst darin besteht, die Definitionsalternativen von Begriffen zu sammeln und Klinischen Studien zur Verfügung zu stellen. Zusätzlich soll die Analyse der Definitionen in Bezug auf ihre Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede sowie deren Harmonisierung unterstützt werden. Standardisierte Begriffsdefinitionen werden jedoch nicht erzwungen, da die Unterschiede in Definitionen inhaltlich gerechtfertigt sein können, z.B. aufgrund der Verwendung in unterschiedlichen Fachgebieten, durch studienspezifische Bedingungen oder verschiedene Expertensichten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Modell für das Data Dictionary entwickelt. Das entwickelte Modell folgt dem aus der Terminologie bekannten konzept-basierten Ansatz und erweitert diesen um die Möglichkeit der Repräsentation alternativer Definitionen. Insbesondere wird hierbei angestrebt, die Unterschiede in den Definitionen möglichst genau zu explizieren, um zwischen inhaltlich verschiedenen Definitionsalternativen (z.B. sich wider-sprechenden Expertenmeinungen) und konsistenten Varianten einer inhaltlichen Definition (z.B. verschiedene Sichten, Übersetzungen in verschiedene Sprachen) unterscheiden zu können. Mehrere Modellelemente widmen sich zudem der Explizierung von kontextuellen Informationen (z.B. der Gültigkeit innerhalb von Organisationen oder der Domäne zu der ein Konzept gehört), um die Auswahl und Wiederverwendung von Definitionen zu unterstützen. Diese Informationen erlauben verschiedene Sichten auf die Inhalte des Data Dictionary. Sichten werden dabei als kohärente Teilmengen des Data Dictionary betrachtet, die nur diejenigen Inhalte umfassen, die als relevant im ausgewählten Kontext spezifiziert sind.
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Wang, Suowing. "Lexicultura na Língua Chinesa e na Lexicografia Bilingue de Chinês-Português." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17164.

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No contexto de internacionalização de hoje, acompanhando os contactos cada vez mais intensos entre o mundo chinês e o mundo lusófono, é exigida a maior atenção à questão da lexicultura na comunicação interlingual e intercultural, pois o que preocupa as partes envolvidas não é apenas descodificar os signos meramente linguísticos, mas também perceber a cultura que a língua, nomeadamente as unidades lexicais transportam, visando um comportamento culturalmente correto e adequado nessa comunicação. Partindo desta preocupação, este trabalho tenta, através da abordagem e análise da língua, da escrita e do léxico chineses, comprovar que o chinês, devido às suas peculiaridades inexistentes em outras línguas do mundo, constitui o vivo exemplo que exemplifica e alarga o conceito de lexicultura, pois a própria língua, sobretudo a sua escrita e as suas unidades lexicais, além de refletirem a cultura popular e partilhada, também contam verdadeiras histórias da Humanidade e da China. Baseando-se nesta abordagem e análise, a tese apresenta um novo modelo de dicionário cultural chinês-português, com propostas concretas de seleção de vedetas para a sua macroestrutura e de definição de vedetas na sua microestrutura, ao serviço da comunicação entre os dois mundos em questão.
In today's context of internationalization, accompanying the increasingly intense contacts between the Chinese world and the Portuguese-speaking world, the greatest attention is required to the issue of lexiculture in interlingual and intercultural communication, for what concerns the parties involved is not only to decode merely linguistic signs, but also understand the culture that the language, namely the lexical units, carry, aiming at a culturally correct and appropriate behaviour in that communication. Based on this concern, this paper attempts, through the approach and analysis of the Chinese language, writing and lexicon, to prove that the Chinese, due to its peculiarities non-existent in other languages in the world, is the living example that exemplifies and extends the concept of lexiculture, because the language itself, its writing and its lexical units, besides reflecting popular culture and shared culture, also feature true stories of humanity and China. Based on this approach and analysis, this paper presents a new model of Chinese- Portuguese cultural dictionary, with concrete proposals of entries selection for its macrostructure and entries definition in its microstructure at the service of communication between the two worlds in question.
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Books on the topic "Dictionary definition"

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Lynn, Guy. A dictionary of taxation: 5,000 tax terms currently used in the USA, UK, Canada, and Australia : one sentence definition. [Oakland, CA: Mason Pub., 2005.

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Row, Augustus. Masonic biography and dictionary: Comprising the history of ancient masonry, antiquity of masonry, written and unwritten law, derivation and definition of masonic terms ... Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1985.

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Sobkowiak, Włodzimierz. Phonetics of EFL dictionary definitions. Poznań: Wydawn. Poznańskie, 2006.

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Karelitz, Raymond. Karelitz dictionary of one-word definitions. Honolulu, Hawaii: Hi-Lite Pub. Co., 1994.

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Dickson, Paul. Drunk: The definitive drinker's dictionary. Brooklyn, N.Y: Melville House Pub., 2009.

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A crazy dictionary: With 6000 silly definitions. Orlando, Fla: Rivercross, 1999.

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Dowsett, David J. Radiological sciences dictionary: Keywords, names and definitions. London: Hodder Arnold, 2009.

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The radiological sciences dictionary: Keywords, names & definitions. Dublin: SetDown Publishing, 1999.

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Dowsett, David J. Radiological sciences dictionary: Keywords, names and definitions. London: Hodder Arnold, 2009.

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Dictionary of definitions of EU regulated products. The Hague: Kluwer Law Internattional, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dictionary definition"

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Weik, Martin H. "definition." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 376. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_4609.

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Weik, Martin H. "set definition." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1563. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_17159.

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Weik, Martin H. "queue definition." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1390. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_15269.

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Weik, Martin H. "resource definition." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1481. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_16226.

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Weik, Martin H. "definition name." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 376. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_4610.

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Weik, Martin H. "definition program." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 377. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_4611.

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Weik, Martin H. "definition statement." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 377. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_4612.

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Weik, Martin H. "definition table." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 377. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_4613.

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Weik, Martin H. "definition time." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 377. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_4614.

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Weik, Martin H. "data definition." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 345. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_4245.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dictionary definition"

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Amilia, Fitri, Kisyani Laksono, and Budinuryanta Yohanes. "The Blueprints of Definition in Technical Dictionary." In Social Sciences, Humanities and Economics Conference (SoSHEC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/soshec-17.2018.4.

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Bozenkova, Natalia A., and Ekaterina V. Rubleva. "Lexicographic description of the «Brief dictionary of IT terms for language education specialists»." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-78.

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The article is devoted to the characteristics of a short dictionary of IT terms for specialists in language education. The article analyzes the peculiarities of lexicographic definition, and focuses on the difficulties and problems associated with the description of new terminological concepts and definitions that arise in the development of information and communication technologies and their active implementation in language education. The principles of term selection, various ways of semantics and translation are considered. The structure of the dictionary, features of dictionary entries and indexes are described. Examples of dictionary entries are provided.
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Weissflog, Uwe. "CIM Dictionaries: An Evolutionary Approach to CIM Data Integration." In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/edm1991-0184.

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Abstract This paper provides an overview of methods and ideas to achieve data integration in CIM. It describes a dictionary approach allowing participating applications to define their common constructs gradually as an additional service across application systems. Because of the importance of product definition data, the role of PDES/STEP as part of this dictionary approach is also described. The technical concepts of the dictionary, such as schema mapping, semantic data model, user methods and the required additions within participating applications are explained. Problems related to data integrity, data redundancy, performance and binding of dissimilar software components are discussed as well as the deficiencies related to today’s data modelling capabilities. The added value an active dictionary can provide to a CIM environment consisting of established applications in heterogeneous environments, where migration into one standardized homogeneous set of CIM applications is not likely, is also explained.
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Tomiura, Yoichi, Teigo Nakamura, Toru Hitaka, and Sho Yoshida. "Logical form of hierarchical relation on verbs and extracting it from definition sentences in a Japanese dictionary." In the 14th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/992133.992159.

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Morenc, Roger, and Ravi Rangan. "Information Management to Support Concurrent Engineering Environments." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/edm1992-0150.

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Abstract The development of products in large industrial organizations involves numerous engineers from different disciplines working on inter-dependent components of the product with objectives that are sometimes in conflict. The need for overall coordination, consistency, control and integrity of data, design ideas and design rationale is critical. The information generated by each designer must be viewed in the context of information generated by other designers, and the enterprise as a whole. In this paper, we discuss a model of concurrent engineering that focuses on the ability of collaborating designers to proceed independently, co-relate inter-dependencies, utilize existing information (data, knowledge and processes), and negotiate conflicts arising from design inconsistencies. To provide information based support for such environments, we introduce several design schemas to support the concurrent, collaborative and historical aspects of CE environments. The need for a data dictionary that supports these schemas and its different dimensions is also recognized. The dictionary must also provide conceptual centralization of design information relative to the enterprise. This includes data, as well as its definition (meta-data), and must allow the design process to interact with a global enterprise perspective. These discussions lead to a list of research issues that must be addressed by the engineering data management research community.
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Kapanadze, Lali. "INEQUALITY AND RIGHT-WING POPULISM." In Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7244.

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According to Cambridge dictionary, in 2017 the most popular word was Populism. What is Populism? – Is it achievement of our era, or its roots comes from our remote past? According to scientific research, populism existed in ancient Roman period as an ideological political movement known as the Populist Party. It expressed the interests of ordinary people. Today populism is a natural phenomenon of Democratic political regimes. Populist perception is a special democratic component of political culture, that is realized by the population who are involved in political movements. The amplitude of its usage is so diverse that it’s difficult to find an exact scientific definition. Today populism is a main political phenomenon and is mainly used during pre-election periods, political debates and with the purpose of convincing or manipulating consciousness of society. In addition, political leaders often use aggressive national-populist rhetoric.
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Ghenname, Merieme, Julien Subercaze, Christophe Gravier, Frederique Laforest, Mounia Abik, and Rachida Ajhoun. "A hashtags dictionary from crowdsourced definitions." In 2014 IEEE 30th International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (ICDEW). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdew.2014.6818300.

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Litkowski, Kenneth C. "Digraph analysis of dictionary preposition definitions." In the ACL-02 workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1118675.1118677.

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Alonge, Antonietta. "Analysing dictionary definitions of motion verbs." In the 14th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/992424.992490.

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Markowitz, Judith, Thomas Ahlswede, and Martha Evens. "Semantically significant patterns in dictionary definitions." In the 24th annual meeting. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/981131.981149.

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Reports on the topic "Dictionary definition"

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Pikilnyak, Andrey V., Nadia M. Stetsenko, Volodymyr P. Stetsenko, Tetiana V. Bondarenko, and Halyna V. Tkachuk. Comparative analysis of online dictionaries in the context of the digital transformation of education. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4431.

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The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of popular online dictionaries and an overview of the main tools of these resources to study a language. The use of dictionaries in learning a foreign language is an important step to understanding the language. The effectiveness of this process increases with the use of online dictionaries, which have a lot of tools for improving the educational process. Based on the Alexa Internet resource it was found the most popular online dictionaries: Cambridge Dictionary, Wordreference, Merriam–Webster, Wiktionary, TheFreeDictionary, Dictionary.com, Glosbe, Collins Dictionary, Longman Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary. As a result of the deep analysis of these online dictionaries, we found out they have the next standard functions like the word explanations, transcription, audio pronounce, semantic connections, and examples of use. In propose dictionaries, we also found out the additional tools of learning foreign languages (mostly English) that can be effective. In general, we described sixteen functions of the online platforms for learning that can be useful in learning a foreign language. We have compiled a comparison table based on the next functions: machine translation, multilingualism, a video of pronunciation, an image of a word, discussion, collaborative edit, the rank of words, hints, learning tools, thesaurus, paid services, sharing content, hyperlinks in a definition, registration, lists of words, mobile version, etc. Based on the additional tools of online dictionaries we created a diagram that shows the functionality of analyzed platforms.
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JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WASHINGTON DC. Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. Incorporating the NATO Glossary of Terms and Definitions (English and French). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada258036.

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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.

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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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