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Journal articles on the topic 'Dichloroethylene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

He, Miao Miao, Xiao Jun Hu, Yong Biao Peng, and Xin He. "Removal of Dichloroethylene in Water Using a Novel TCAS-Loaded Resin." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.334.

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Through the method of the static tests, the removal rate of aqueous dichloroethylene onto a new TCAS-loaded resin was researched. This TCAS-loaded resin was made of a novel supramolecular acceptor compound named thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate(TCAS) and anion exchange resin, and the adsorption mechanism was discussed preliminarily. The results of adsorption indicated that the pH value was an important factor for the removal of dichloroethylene and it would be better for the adsorption if the pH value was greater than 6. The operating temperature should be controlled in 5 to 15°C for the adsorption of dichloroethylene onto TCAS-loaded resin while the removal rate decreased with the temperature increasing and the best time for reaction was 40min. The removal rate of dichloroethylene in aqueous solution was better when 25mL aqueous solution of dichloroethylene (1.0mg/L) was adsorbed by 0.5g TCAS-loaded resin. The dichloroethylene can be resolving and TCAS-loaded resin can be reused.

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2

Ferrey, Mark L., Richard T. Wilkin, Robert G. Ford, and John T. Wilson. "Nonbiological Removal ofcis-Dichloroethylene and 1,1-Dichloroethylene in Aquifer Sediment Containing Magnetite." Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 6 (March 2004): 1746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0305609.

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3

Mosses, Joanna, David A. Turton, Leo Lue, Jan Sefcik, and Klaas Wynne. "Crystal templating through liquid–liquid phase separation." Chemical Communications 51, no. 6 (2015): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07880b.

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4

Hirata, T., O. Nakasugi, M. Yoshioka, and K. Sumi. "Ground Water Pollution by Volatile Organochlorines in Japan and Related Phenomena in the Subsurface Environment." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 11 (June 1, 1992): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0267.

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The groundwater pollution by volatile organochlorines has been increasingly becoming a major environmental issue in many developed nations. In particular, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were widely detected in regional groundwaters of Japan. The paper describes the characteristics of groundwater pollution of Japan on the basis of the nationwide survey results, and introduces an incident in industrial site and subsequent counter-measures. In this site detailed investigations of 26 monitoring wells surrounding the pollutant source have continued to date since remedial operation in 1984, and cis-l,2-dichloroethylene was discovered to be created as intermediate product from trichloroethylene during the biodegradation process. Furthermore, the long-term continuous surveys reveal two types of organochlorine behavior in ground-water, that is, (l)cis-l,2-dichloroethylene concentration is proportional to that of trichloroethylene and (2)cis-l,2-dichloroethylene concentration is nearly constant in no relation with trichloroethylene behavior, in seasonal variation of individual well-water.

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5

Oki, Kyoichi, Sachiko Tsuchida, Hiromasa Nishikiori, Nobuaki Tanaka, and Tsuneo Fujii. "Photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated ethenes." International Journal of Photoenergy 5, no. 1 (2003): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x03000059.

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Degradation of three chlorinated ethenes, trichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, by UV-light irradiatedTiO2catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method in dry air at ambient temperature have been examined by using FTIR measurement. The chlorinated ethenes rapidly decomposed to produce dichloroacethyl chloride, CO, HCl, andCOCL2. For trans- and cis-1,2-DCE systems isomerization to each other is found to be the first step of the degradation. The C = C bond of the chlorinated ethenes interacts directly withTiO2site and, consequently, the degradation results in several products on the catalyst surface in these systems.

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6

Okeke, Benedict C., Young C. Chang, Masahiro Hatsu, Tohru Suzuki, and Kazuhiro Takamizawa. "Purification, cloning, and sequencing of an enzyme mediating the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) fromClostridium bifermentansDPH-1." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-048.

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An enzyme mediating the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) from cell-free extracts of Clostridium bifermentans DPH-1 was purified, cloned, and sequenced. The enzyme catalyzed the reductive dechlorination of PCE to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene via trichloroethylene, at a Vmaxand Kmof 73 nmol/mg protein and 12 µM, respectively. Maximal activity was recorded at 35°C and pH 7.5. Enzymatic activity was independent of metal ions but was oxygen sensitive. A mixture of propyl iodide and titanium citrate caused a light-reversible inhibition of enzymatic activity suggesting the involvement of a corrinoid cofactor. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be approximately 70 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDITOF/MS) revealed molecular masses of approximately 35 kDa and 35.7 kDa, respectively. A broad spectrum of chlorinated aliphatic compounds (PCE, trichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloropropane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane) was degraded. With degenerate primers designed from the N-terminal sequence (27 amino acid residues), a partial sequence (81 bp) of the encoding gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Southern analysis of C. bifermentans genomic DNA using the PCR product as a probe revealed restriction fragment bands. A 5.0 kb ClaI fragment, harboring the relevant gene (designated pceC) was cloned (pDEHAL5) and the complete nucleotide sequence of pceC was determined. The gene showed homology mainly with microbial membrane proteins and no homology with any known dehalogenase, suggesting a distinct PCE dehalogenase.Key words: tetrachloroethylene, Clostridium bifermentans DPH-1, PCE dehalogenase, gene cloning.

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7

Hayes, J. R., L. W. Condie, J. L. Egle, and J. F. Borzelleca. "The Acute and Subchronic Toxicity in Rats of Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene in Drinking Water." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 6, no. 4 (July 1987): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818709075692.

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Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene was administered either by gavage (acute studies) or in drinking water (subchronic studies) to male and female Sprague-Dawley derived Charles River rats. The acute oral LD50 was 7902 mg/kg for males and 9939 mg/kg for females. Decreased activity, ataxia, and depressed respiration preceded death. In the subchronic study, rats received theoretical daily doses of 500, 1500, and 3000 mg trans-1,2-dichloroethylene/kg body weight/day for 90 consecutive days. The actual daily doses were 402, 1314, and 3114 mg/kg for males and 353, 1257, and 2809 mg/kg for females. There were no compound-related deaths. There were no consistently significant compound-related dose-dependent adverse effects on any of the hematological, serological, or urinary parameters evaluated. There were dose-dependent increases in kidney weights and ratios in treated females. There were no compound-related gross or histological effects. No specific organ site toxicity could be identified in these studies. These data suggest that the toxicity from exposure to trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in drinking water apparently is low and probably does not constitute a serious health hazard.

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8

Kim, Y., and L. Semprini. "Cometabolic transformation of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene epoxide by a butane-grown mixed culture." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 8 (October 1, 2005): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0242.

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Aerobic cometabolism of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE) by a butane-grown mixed culture was evaluated in batch kinetic tests. The transformation of c-DCE resulted in the coincident generation of c-DCE epoxide. Chloride release studies showed ∼75% oxidative dechlorination of c-DCE. Mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of a compound with mass-to-charge-fragment ratios of 112, 83, 48, and 35. These values are in agreement with the spectra of chemically synthesized c-DCE epoxide. The transformation of c-DCE required O2, was inhibited by butane and was inactivated by acetylene (a known monooxygenase inactivator), indicating that a butane monooxygenase enzyme was likely involved in the transformation of c-DCE. This study showed c-DCE epoxide was biologically transformed, likely by a butane monooxygenase enzyme. c-DCE epoxide transformation was inhibited by both acetylene and c-DCE indicating a monooxygenase enzyme was involved. The epoxide transformation was also stopped when mercuric chloride (HgCl2) was added as a biological inhibitor, further support a biological transformation. To our knowledge this is the first report of the biological transform c-DCE epoxide by a butane-grown culture.

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9

Ratovelomanana, V., A. Hammoud, and G. Linstrumelle. "Selective palladium-catalysed substitution of 1,1-dichloroethylene." Tetrahedron Letters 28, no. 15 (January 1987): 1649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)95383-8.

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10

Ban, M., D. Hettich, N. Huguet, and L. Cavelier. "Nephrotoxicity mechanism of 1,1-dichloroethylene in mice." Toxicology Letters 78, no. 2 (July 1995): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(94)03237-2.

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11

Wan, Hongxia, Dongdong Song, Xiaogang Li, Dawei Zhang, Jin Gao, and Cuiwei Du. "A new understanding of the failure of waterborne acrylic coatings." RSC Advances 7, no. 61 (2017): 38135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04878e.

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Two waterborne coatings, a styrene–acrylic coating and a terpolymer coating based on acrylic acid, vinyl chloride and 1,1-dichloroethylene segments, had their barrier properties and wet adhesion compared after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.

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12

McCue, T., S. Hoxworth, and A. A. Randall. "Degradation of halogenated aliphatic compounds utilizing sequential anaerobic/aerobic treatments." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 10 (May 1, 2003): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0543.

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The objective of this research was to determine if either methanogenic or sulfidogenic reductive dechlorination could survive an alternating anaerobic/aerobic sequence to biologically transform halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons (HACs), specifically tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-1,2 dichloroethylene (cDCE), trans-1,2 dichloroethylene (tDCE), 1,1 dichloroethylene (1,1DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). This ability was considered to be a necessary prerequisite for complete anaerobic/aerobic mineralization of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons by a single microbial consortia. Chlorinated solvents, which are among the most common groundwater contaminants, have been partially dechlorinated using single-stage anaerobic environmental treatment strategies. Various types of bacteria typically reductively dechlorinate PCE and TCE to cDCE and VC in an anaerobic environment, including methanogens, sulfidogens, and homoacetogens. The problem lies in the fact that reductive dechlorination typically leads to an accumulation of daughter compounds (cDCE, VC) which are more toxic than their parent compounds (PCE, TCE). Furthermore, PCE and (to a lesser extent) TCE, are resistant to dechlorination in aerobic environments. In contrast, VC and cDCE are readily oxidized co-metabolically in an aerobic environment by methanotrophic bacteria, and others using oxygenases (e.g. toluene oxidizers). Results from this research showed that both methanogenic and sulfidogenic reductive dechlorination could resume after transient exposures to both oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In fact, for cycles as frequent as 10 days between aerobic treatment cycles, reductive dechlorination was observed to resume at rates at least as rapid as microcosms not exposed to aerobic treatments.

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13

Guckert, Joseph R., and Robert W. Carr. "Infrared Laser Photochemistry of Trans-1, 2-Dichloroethylene. Evidence For A CI Atom Chain Reaction." Laser Chemistry 10, no. 3 (January 1, 1990): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/89853.

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The TEA-CO2 laser induced reaction of trans-l,2-dichloroethylene (TDCE) was investigated at 925 cm-1. The laser radiation was focused to yield beam waist fluences of approximately 125 J cm-2. The major reaction product was cis-1, 2-dichloroethylene (CDCE), with a few per cent of chloroacetylene, and minor amounts of acetylene, dichloroacetylene, chloroethylene and an unidentified C4 compound also being formed. The reaction of pure TDCE was studied as a function of number of laser pulses and total pressure (0.02 to 5 torr). Some experiments were also done with added ethane (20%) and propane (2%). Evidence was obtained that the formation of the cis isomer occurs via two mechanisms, (1) a unimolecular isomerization, and (2) a CI atom chain reaction. The results are consistent with laser induced decomposition of TDCE occurring through the three lowest energy channels: unimolecular structural isomerization (57.4 kcal/mol); molecular HCI elimination (69 kcal/mol); and C-CI bond scission (89 kcal/mol).

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14

Kisiel, Z., and L. Pszczółkowski. "The High-Frequency Rotational Spectrum of 1,1 -Dichloroethylene." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, no. 4-5 (May 1, 1995): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-4-505.

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Abstract The b-type rotational spectrum of 1,1-dichloroethylene was investigated up to 450 GHz and was found to be dominated by type-II R-type bands. All constants in the sextic Hamiltonian for the ground states of the common isotopic species and of the 37C1 isotopomer were determined from measurements on transitions with J up to 95. Quartic and sextic planarity defects were evaluated and are compared and discussed with those for several recently investigated planar molecules

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15

Goldberg, Stanley J., Brenda V. Dawson, Paula D. Johnson, H. Eugene Hoyme, and Judith B. Ulreich. "Cardiac Teratogenicity of Dichloroethylene in a Chick Model." Pediatric Research 32, no. 1 (July 1992): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199207000-00005.

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16

da Silva, João Bosco P., Mozart N. Ramos, Elisabete Suto, and Roy E. Bruns. "Transferability of thecis-andtrans-Dichloroethylene Atomic Polar Tensors." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 101, no. 35 (August 1997): 6293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp970939f.

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17

YAMAGUCHI, Kenji, and Sueo NISHI. "GC/MS determination of dichloroethylene isomers in water." Bunseki kagaku 40, no. 6 (1991): T131—T136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.40.6_t131.

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18

Hardin, Bryan D., Bruce J. Kelman, and Robert L. Brent. "Trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene: A critical review of teratogenicity." Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology 73, no. 12 (December 2005): 931–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdra.20192.

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19

Leal, L. A., J. L. Alonso, and A. G. Lesarri. "The Millimeter-Wave Spectrum of cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 165, no. 2 (June 1994): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1994.1140.

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20

Monts, D. L., J. D. Ewbank, K. Siam, W. L. Faust, D. W. Paul, and L. Schäfer. "Gas Electron Diffraction Study of the 193-nm Laser-Induced Interconversion between Cis- and Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 4 (May 1987): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874448580.

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Gas electron diffraction (GED) data were recorded of 193-nm irradiated cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. The interconversion between the cis-and trans-isomers and the formation of chloroacetylene can be inferred from the diffraction intensities. The experiments demonstrate the utility of GED in the study of chemical reactions.

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21

Sultigova, Zakhirat, Zareta Inarkieva, Rima Bazheva, Arsen Kharaev, and Madina Yalkhoroeva. "Investigation of the Regularities of the Synthesis of Unsaturated Polyesters by the Method of Acceptor-Catalytic Polycondensation." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.24.

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The regularities of acceptor-catalytic polycondensation in the synthesis of copolymers containing arylate, sulfone, and dichloroethylene groups in the main chain have been studied. The optimal conditions for their production have been found. Infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, turbidimetric titration and other methods confirmed the formation of copolymers of the proposed structure.

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22

Markó, István E., and Florian T. Schevenels. "Anionic cascade reactions. One-pot assembly of (Z)-chloro-exo-methylenetetrahydrofurans from β-hydroxyketones." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (July 3, 2013): 1319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.148.

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The assembly of (Z)-chloro-exo-methylenetetrahydrofurans by an original and connective anionic cascade sequence is reported. Base-catalysed condensation of β-hydroxyketones with 1,1-dichloroethylene generates, in moderate to good yields, the corresponding (Z)-chloro-exo-methylenetetrahydrofurans. Acidic treatment of this motif leads to several unexpected dimers, possessing unique structural features.

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23

KOMATSU, Toshiya, Kiyoshi MOMONOI, Tomonori MATSUO, and Keisuke HANAKI. "Biotransformation of cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene by Anaerobic Enrichment Cultures." Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment 18, no. 5 (1995): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe.18.396.

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24

Huang Yan-Ru, Ren Huan, and Song Jian. "Investigation of the isomerism of dichloroethylene in momentum space." Acta Physica Sinica 64, no. 6 (2015): 063401. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.64.063401.

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25

Gao, Jianwei, and Rodney S. Skeen. "Glucose-induced biodegradation of cis-dichloroethylene under aerobic conditions." Water Research 33, no. 12 (August 1999): 2789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00502-8.

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26

Platz, T., and W. Demtröder. "Sub-Doppler optothermal overtone spectroscopy of ethylene and dichloroethylene." Chemical Physics Letters 294, no. 4-5 (September 1998): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00885-9.

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27

Seregina, M. V., Yu A. Kabachii, and P. M. Valetskii. "Peroxide-initiated condensation of carboranes-12 with 1,2-dichloroethylene." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Division of Chemical Science 41, no. 4 (April 1992): 804–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01150912.

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28

FORKERT, P., L. FORKERT, M. FAROOQUI, and E. REYNOLDS. "Lung injury and repair: DNA synthesis following 1,1-dichloroethylene." Toxicology 36, no. 2-3 (August 1985): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-483x(85)90054-x.

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29

Roberts, Stephen M., Kristen E. Jordan, D. Alan Warren, Janice K. Britt, and Robert C. James. "Evaluation of the Carcinogenicity of 1,1-Dichloroethylene (Vinylidene Chloride)." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 35, no. 1 (February 2002): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.2001.1518.

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30

Yamada, Takahiro, Abdulaziz El-Sinawi, Masud Siraj, Philip H. Taylor, Jingping Peng, Xiaohua Hu, and Paul Marshall. "Rate Coefficients and Mechanistic Analysis for the Reaction of Hydroxyl Radicals with 1,1-Dichloroethylene andtrans-1,2-Dichloroethylene over an Extended Temperature Range." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 105, no. 32 (August 2001): 7588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0109067.

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31

Vodička, Luděk, Jiří Burkhard, and Josef Janků. "Reaction of hydroxydiamantanes with chloroethylenes in sulfuric acid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 5 (1986): 1086–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19861086.

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Reaction of hydroxydiamantanes with 1,1-dichloroethylene in concentrated sulfuric acid leads to complex reaction mixtures, containing predominantly diamantylacetic and diamantanebisacetic acids. The same reaction with trichloroethylene affords diamantylchloroacetic and diamantanebischloroacetic acids. In all these products the substituents are bonded to the apical and secondary carbon atoms of the diamantane skeleton. For steric reason, acids with carboxyl in the medial position are not formed.

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32

Brzozowski, Zbigniew, Anna Stec, and Zbigniew Wielgosz. "New Route for Polycarbonates." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2009): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.01.059.

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A new route for obtaining chemically pure and ecological polycarbonates has been developed. The process was carried out without any amines with dimethylosulfoxide (DMSO) as interfacial catalyst. It was established that DMSO was between 80–120 mol % to the quantities of applied monomers. Bisphenol A and bisphenol C [2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl),-1,-1 dichloroethylene] were applied as bisphenolic monomers

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33

Sultigova, Zakhirat Kh, Zareta I. Inarkieva, Arsen M. Kharaev, Rima Ch Bazheva, and Maryam Parchieva. "Synthesis of Aromatic Polyethersulfones." Key Engineering Materials 869 (October 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.15.

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Modified aromatic polyethersulfones containing dichloroethylene and arylate groups in the main chain were modified . The kinetics of the synthesis of polyethersulfones by the method of acceptor-catalytic polycondensation was studied. By the methods of IR spectroscopy, elemental, X-ray phase analysis, the formation of polymers of a given structure is proved. It is shown that the property of the obtained polymers depends on the ratio of the starting monomers.

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34

Sun, Yong-Xia, and A. G. Chmielewski. "1,2-Dichloroethylene decomposition in air mixture by using ionization technology." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 71, no. 1-2 (September 2004): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.03.018.

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35

Larsen, R. Wugt, F. Hegelund, A. Engdahl, P. Uvdal, and B. Nelander. "High-resolution infrared study of collisionally cooled trans-1,2-dichloroethylene." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 243, no. 1 (May 2007): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2007.04.008.

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36

PUTCHA, L., J. V. BRUCKNER, R. D. D'SOUZA, F. DESAI, and S. FELDMAN. "Toxicokinetics and Bioavailability of Oral and Intravenous 1, 1 -Dichloroethylene." Toxicological Sciences 6, no. 2 (1986): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/6.2.240.

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37

Wu, Jinhuang, Christopher Bertelo, and Laurent Caron. "trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene for Improving Fire Performance of Urethane Foam." Journal of Cellular Plastics 41, no. 1 (January 2005): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x05049870.

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38

HURTT, MARK E., RUDOLPH VALENTINE, and LOUIS ALVAREZ. "Developmental Toxicity of Inhaled trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene in the Rat." Toxicological Sciences 20, no. 2 (1993): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/20.2.225.

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39

Hurtt, M. "Developmental Toxicity of Inhaled trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene in the Rat." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 20, no. 2 (February 1993): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/faat.1993.1030.

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40

LEAL, L. A., J. L. ALONSO, and A. G. LESARRI. "ChemInform Abstract: The Millimeter-Wave Spectrum of cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene." ChemInform 26, no. 8 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199508052.

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41

Forkert, Poh-Gek. "MECHANISMS OF 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE-INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY IN LUNG AND LIVER*,†." Drug Metabolism Reviews 33, no. 1 (January 2001): 49–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/dmr-100000140.

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42

Dawson, Brenda V., Paula D. Johnson, Stanley J. Goldberg, and Judith B. Ulreich. "Cardiac teratogenesis of trichloroethylene and dichloroethylene in a mammalian model." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 16, no. 5 (November 1990): 1304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(90)90569-b.

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43

Long, Rochelle M., and Leon Moore. "Cytosolic calcium after carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and phenylephrine exposure." Biochemical Pharmacology 36, no. 8 (April 1987): 1215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(87)90073-6.

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44

Dowsley, Taylor F., Poh-Gek Forkert, Lisbeth A. Benesch, and Judy L. Bolton. "Reaction of glutathione with the electrophilic metabolites of 1,1-dichloroethylene." Chemico-Biological Interactions 95, no. 3 (April 1995): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(94)03563-n.

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45

Hirl, Patrick J. "Combined Anaerobic/Aerobic Biostimulation for Remediation of Rail Yards Contaminated by Diesel Engine Repair and Maintenance." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1626, no. 1 (January 1998): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1626-14.

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Perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) have been commonly used in the repair and maintenance of diesel engine locomotives. Improper handling, storage, and disposal lead to contamination of rail yard soils and groundwater with chlorinated ethylenes. Benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylene (BTEX) are also common contaminants at rail yards because of the leakage of diesel fuel storage tanks and spills of diesel fuel. Co-contamination of groundwater with BTEX and chlorinated ethylenes allows for the application of anaerobic/aerobic bioremediation to achieve mineralization of both types of compounds. Bench scale laboratory experiments were run to select and enrich for an undefined, mixed, microbial consortium able to mediate PCE dechlorination to dichloroethylene (DCE), mineralization of the DCE, and mineralization of aromatic compounds. A periodically operated suspended culture reactor created alternating anaerobic/aerobic environments. When glucose was added to the reactor as the sole electron donor, the mixed culture dechlorinated PCE to cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE) in 24 h. When phenol and glucose were added to the reactor, the mixed culture dechlorinated PCE to cDCE, metabolized the influent phenol, and oxidized 90 percent of the cDCE produced in 24 h. Because both phenol and toluene can induce the enzymes necessary for mineralization of TCE and DCE, an anaerobic/aerobic bioremediation approach has potential application for remediation of groundwater at rail yards co-contaminated with diesel fuel and chlorinated ethylenes.

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46

Kim, Hye-Eun, Maiko Shitashiro, Akio Kuroda, Noboru Takiguchi, Hisao Ohtake, and Junichi Kato. "Identification and Characterization of the Chemotactic Transducer in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 for Positive Chemotaxis to Trichloroethylene." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 18 (September 15, 2006): 6700–6702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00584-06.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is repelled by trichloroethylene (TCE), and the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins PctA, PctB, and PctC serve as the major chemoreceptors for negative chemotaxis to TCE. In this study, we found that the pctABC triple mutant of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was attracted by TCE. Chemotaxis assays of a set of mutants containing deletions in 26 potential mcp genes revealed that mcpA (PA0180) is the chemoreceptor for positive chemotaxis to TCE. McpA also detects tetrachloroethylene and dichloroethylene isomers as attractants.

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47

Hensel, Thomas, Johanna Fruwert, and Klaus Dathe. "Solvent effects on the infrared intensities of the ν2, ν4, and ν9 bands of 1,1-dichloroethylene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 1 (1987): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19870022.

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The infrared intensities of the ν2, ν4, and ν9 stretching bands of 1,1-dichloroethylene have been measured in eighteen solvents of different polarity. After correcting for the local field effect, the partial derivatives of the electric dipole moment and electric polarizability with respect to normal coordinates were calculated using the dipole-dipole interaction model. A good or a poor statistical correlation of the calculated and observed intensities then indicates whether this model is adequate or other phenomena are involved in the interaction.

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Kokubo, Ken, Hidenobu Kakimoto, and Takumi Oshima. "Cation-Recognized Photosensitization inE−ZIsomerization of 1,2-Dichloroethylene by Crowned Benzophenones." Journal of the American Chemical Society 124, no. 23 (June 2002): 6548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja017764e.

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49

Kanz, Mary F., Robert F. Whitehead, Ann E. Ferguson, and Mary Treinen Moslen. "Potentiation of 1,1-dichloroethylene hepatotoxicity: Comparative effects of hyperthyroidism and fasting." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 95, no. 1 (August 1988): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-008x(88)80011-5.

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50

Karmaus, Wilfried, and Xiaobei Zhu. "Maternal concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene and birth weight." Annals of Epidemiology 13, no. 8 (September 2003): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(03)00230-8.

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