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Academic literature on the topic 'Diatomées toxiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diatomées toxiques"
Tahraoui, Soumia, Btissam Ennaffah, Steve L. Morton, Fatima Souilmi, Karima Chaira, Requia Sagou, Abdeltif Reani, and Brahim Sabour. "Dynamique du peuplement phytoplanctonique le long de l’axe côtier Casablanca – El Jadida." Biologie Aujourd’hui 218, no. 1-2 (2024): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2023037.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Diatomées toxiques"
Deschler, Marie. "Ιntéractiοns et cοmmunicatiοn chimique entre les diatοmées tοxiques du genre Ρseudο-nitzschia et les cοnsοmmateurs zοοplanctοniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH13.
Full textHarmful algal blooms (HAB), potentially favored by global warming and eutrophication of coastal ecosystems, are a major concern. This is the case for diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, some species of which produce a neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA), responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). These efflorescences have both health and socio-economic consequences, with ASP phenomena leading to shellfish fishing bans, particularly for scallops on the Normandy coast. Zooplankton copepods can also carry DA through the food web. Most studies on the interaction between Pseudo-nitzschia and copepods have focused on Arctic species. The aim of this thesis was to investigate this interaction in greater depth for species present on the Normandy coast (France). The results show defense mechanisms in Pseudo-nitzschia in response to zooplanktonic predators, including induction of DA production, observed for the first time in P. australis, known for its high ASP potential. On the other hand, P. pungens and P. fraudulenta did not increase their production in the presence of predators, underlining the impossibility of extrapolating data from one species to another or from one ecosystem to another. A morphological response, i.e. chain size reduction, was also demonstrated for the first time in P. australis. Physiological and morphological responses in P. australis were triggered both by the direct presence of predators and solely by their cues, present in the environment. These responses were not associated with excess copepod mortality. However, a reduction in basal swimming and changes in the transcriptome were observed
Sauvey, Aurore. "Variabilité interspécifique et intraspécifique des indices physiologiques chez les diatomées toxiques du genre Pseudo-nitzschia : influence du cycle de vie." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC266/document.
Full textIn the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia, some species produce a neurotoxin called domoic acid responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans following the consumption of contaminated molluscs. In the Bay of Seine (English Channel), the variability of bloom toxicity is linked to differences in the Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the ecophysiological diversity within the genus Pseudo-nitzschia in order to better understand the physiological parameters influencing differences in toxicity and bloom phenology among the main Pseudo-nitzschia species of the Bay of Seine. Growth, domoic acid production, elemental intracellular quotas, photosynthetic parameters and kinetic parameters for nitrate, phosphate, and silicic acid uptake were studied in four Pseudo-nitzschia species: P. australis, P. pungens, P. fraudulenta et P. delicatissima. The intraspecific variability was characterized with a multi-strain approach and also considering the effect of cell size on the studied physiological parameters. The results highlight the importance of the intraspecific variability in the physiology of the four species, in part due to cell size reduction linked to Pseudo-nitzschia life cycle. Delineate the intraspecific diversity allowed to characterize different physiological traits for each species. This work brings new information on the physiological conditions favorable to domoic acid production and on the role of nutrients in controlling Pseudo-nitzschia species diversity during blooms
Herzi, Faouzi. "Caractérisation chimique des exsudats du dinoflagellé marin toxique Alexandrium catenella et de la diatomée marine Skeletonema costatum et étude de la réponse protéomique d’Alexandrium catenella en conditions de stress métalliques." Thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL0014/document.
Full textMpact of several trace metals (lead, zinc, copper or cadmium) on the growth of two marine phytoplankton species: the diatom Skeletonema costatum and the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella, has been studied from cultures grown under physiological and contaminated conditions. The results obtained revealed growth perturbations in S. costatum and in A. catenella, when these species were exposed to high metal concentrations. The lethal effects appeared through a strong cell death, coming, in A. catenella, with the conversion of vegetative cells into resistance cysts. Then, exudation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by S. costatum and by A. catenella in response to metal stress has been characterized. Exudation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) varied according to the growth phase, and was associated with the level of metal contamination and the nature of the tested metal. The maximal values of DOC exudated per cell were measured in response to contamination by copper 16 µM during the adaptation phase, and in response to contamination by cadmium 200 µM during the exponential phase of growth. More specifically, the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) exudated by S. costatum and by A. catenella has been analyzed by 3D fluorescence spectroscopy combined with PARAFAC algorithm. The PARAFAC treatments revealed four components, which were attributed to two main contributions, one related to the biological activity of the species, and the other related to the decomposition of organic matter. The C1 and C2 components were combined with tryptophan peaks and with humic substances, while the C3 and C4 components were generally associated with the production of marine organic matter. Moreover, glucose and galactose were the main aldoses among the polysaccharides exudated in the DOM. Proteomic changes occurred in the proteomes of A. catenella in response to the various metal stresses. Stress proteins expressed by A. catenella were obtained by comparison of the protein expression profiles (PEPs) achieved by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D - electrophoresis) under physiological and contaminated conditions. Stress proteins are involved in many functional categories: response to oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, proteasome sub - units), photosynthesis (ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase, peridinin chlorophyll protein complex, ferredoxin -NADP reductase), carbohydrate metabolism (triosephosphate isomerase, ribose 5-phosphate isomerase, malate dehydrogenase), photorespiration and phosphorus metabolism (phosphoglycolate phosphatase), energy metabolism (ATP - synthase), cell signalling (calmodulin), chaperone activity (HSP 70, HSP 90) and bioluminescence of A. catenella (luciferin - binding protein). Over - expression of phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) and of ATP – synthase, occurring in response to metal contamination by lead, could represent a strategy of defence set up by A. catenella (i) to protect itself from the oxidative stress due to metal contamination, PGP being involved in the dissipation of excess energy (ii) to produce more reserves of energy (ATP) so as to satisfy the increased requirements resulting from the metal stress, in order to adapt to it
Herzi, Faouzi. "Caractérisation chimique des exsudats du dinoflagellé marin toxique Alexandrium catenella et de la diatomée marine Skeletonema costatum et étude de la réponse protéomique d'Alexandrium catenella en conditions de stress métalliques." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993362.
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