Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'DiaPASEF'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: DiaPASEF.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'DiaPASEF.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rijal, Jeewan Babu. "Development and optimization of high-performing quantitative proteomics methods : application to the discovery of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF015.
Full textAbstract:
De récentes et importantes innovations instrumentales, analytiques et bioinformatiques permettent aujourd’hui à l’analyse protéomique par spectrométrie de masse (MS) d'atteindre des niveaux de sensibilité et de couverture du protéome jamais atteints auparavant, ce qui laisse entrevoir de nouveaux espoirs pour la découverte de biomarqueurs de pathologies.Ce travail de doctorat se concentre sur le développement et l'optimisation de méthodes enprotéomique, incluant la préparation des échantillons et leur automatisation, la mise au point de méthodes d'acquisition MS utilisant des modes diaPASEF sur un instrument timsTOF de dernière génération et enfin l'évaluation de stratégies d'interprétation des données adaptées. Les méthodes optimisées ont ensuite été appliquées et ont permis d’identifier 46 candidats biomarqueurs robustes pour la sclérose en plaques, au travers de divers types d'échantillons sur un modèle murin et des fluides corporels humains. Huit de ces biomarqueurs ont été validés avec succès par ELISA, soulignant la pertinence des méthodes développéesRecent major instrumental, analytical and computational innovations are enabling massspectrometry-based proteomics to achieve previously unmet levels of sensitivity and proteome coverage and thus hold new promises for biomarker discovery studies.This PhD work focuses on proteomics method developments and optimizations including the sample preparation and its automation, the fine tuning of MS acquisition methods using diaPASEF on a latest generation timsTOF instrument and the benchmarking of adapted data interpretation strategies. Optimized workflows were then applied to identify 46 robust biomarker candidates for Multiple Sclerosis, detected across various sample types on a mouse model and human body fluids. Eight of these biomarkers were successfully validated by orthogonal ELISA, underlining the effectiveness of our optimized MS workflows
2
Zola, Sheri. "Molecular events associated with mosquito diapause." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
Find full text
3
Flannagan, Ronald D. "Sarcophaga crassipalpis pupal diapause: A molecular approach /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487946103566816.
Full text
4
Schiesari, Luca. "The dilp2/5 genes control diapause inducibility." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425834.
Full textAbstract:
Many holometabolous insects hibernate by triggering diapause, an “actively-induced” dormancy that blocks developmental functions. Yet, the nature of signals enhancing the plasticity of developmental system and underlying diapause inducibility is still elusive. We show that the “Insulin/IGF” dilp2/5 genes, encoding for developmental hormones, antagonize diapause switch in D. melanogaster and their modulation is pivotal in sensitizing the developmental system to environmental perturbations. Functional impairment of dilp2/5 signaling results in the appearance, or inhibition, of the inducible diapause polyphenism, revealing that they are at the core of the gene network regulating diapause inducibility, beyond the control of developmental time. DILP2/5, as dispensable developmental hormones, cover a latent and hidden plasticity of development, underlying the evolution of an inducible diapause polyphenism through genetic accommodation. Such hormonal mechanism might be the putative target to bioengineer diapause inducibility.Molti insetti olometaboli innescano la diapausa, una dormienza attivamente indotta che blocca lo sviluppo al fine di ibernare. La natura dei segnali che aumentano la plasticità del sistema di sviluppo e che sottendono l’inducibilità della diapausa rimane largamente sconosciuta. Qui, noi riportiamo che dilp2/5, due geni “Insulin/IGF” simili codificanti per ormoni di crescita, reprimono l’induzione della diapausa in D. melanogaster e che la loro modulazione è cruciale nel sensibilizzare il sistema di sviluppo alle perturbazioni ambientali. Modificazioni funzionali di dilp2/5 provocano l’induzione, o l’inibizione, del polifenismo reversibile di diapausa, rivelando che, oltre il loro ruolo nella modulazione del tasso di sviluppo, questi geni sono al cuore del network genico che regola la dormienza. DILP2/5, come ormoni di crescita dispensabili per il normale sviluppo, mascherano una latente plasticità di sviluppo e la loro modificazione può provocare l’evoluzione della diapausa attraverso accomodazione genica. Questo controllo ormonale potrebbe costituire un promettente bersaglio per un’ingegnerizzazione genetica dell’inducibilità della diapausa.
5
Young, Curtis Eugene. "Diapause amd nutritional influences on reproduction and diapause induction in the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller) (Coleoptera: chrysomelidae) /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487693923198412.
Full text
6
Larrère, Myriam. "Physiologie de la diapause imaginale du bourdon, Bombus terrestris : Essais d'obtention de colonies actives en toutes saisons." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10535.
Full textAbstract:
Nos efforts pour maitriser le cycle biologique du bourdon, bombus terrestris, nous ont conduit a etudier les mecanismes physiologiques impliques dans le controle de la diapause et de la reproduction. A l'issue de ce travail, nous sommes capables de proposer des methodes susceptibles d'interrompre a tout moment le processus de diapause. Parmi ces methodes, la narcose au co#2 s'avere particulierement efficace. La rupture de diapause s'accompagne de la reactivation des pericaryons neurosecreteurs cerebraux mais pas de celle des corpora allata. Nos resultats remettent en cause le role de l'hormone juvenile dans le controle de la diapause imaginale du bourdon. La reproduction chez cet insecte social est largement tributaire du statut social de la femelle. Nous montrons que la dominance associee a une production de jh elevee permet une maturation ovarienne rapide et le succes de la ponte
7
Smith, Kent James. "Enhanced Cold Tolerance of Diapause-Destined vs Non-Diapause-Destined Larval Stages of the Flesh Fly, Sarcophaga Crassipalpis(Diptera: Sarcophagidae)." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1172780125.
Full text
8
Williams, Karen Delores. "A genetic analysis of diapause in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66369.pdf.
Full text
9
Lambert, Roger Thomas. "Embryonic diapause in European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394554.
Full textAbstract:
The total gestation period in the roe deer is approximately 290 days (10 months). When the blastocyst reaches the 20-30 stage it enters a 5-month period of diapause. During the last six weeks of diapause the blastocyst undergoes mitosis and reactivates in late December or early January at the 100-cell stage. The conceptus undergoes a period of rapid growth, which lasts between 7 and 25 days, before attachment to the endometrium and normal fetal growth. By studying the period between late diapause and early fetal development, it was possible to monitor changes in the reproductively important hormones, progesterone, oestradiol-17β, prolactin and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins as well as the secretion of important signalling proteins by the conceptus and uterus. In addition, investigations were undertaken to determine whether a regimen of long day photoperiod manipulation would effect the duration of diapause. Both peripheral concentrations and luteal release of progesterone remained consistent throughout diapause, reactivation and implantation (peripheral progesterone: 3.82 ± 1.97 ng ml-1; luteal progesterone: 6.72 ± 0.81 ng mg-1 protein). Oestradiol concentrations remained low during diapause (1.07 ± 0.4 pg ml-1) and expansion (1.2 ± 0.4 pg ml-1) but increased 30 times at trophoblast elongation (49.17 ± 0.37 pg ml-1) but increased 30 times at trophoblast elongation (49.17 ± 0.37 pg ml-1). Both prolactin and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins remained at basal concentrations (4.69 ± 0.86 pg ml-1 and <4.5 ng-ml-1 respectively) and increased after implantation (12.34 ± 2.71 ng ml-1 and 7.74 ± 0.47 ng ml-1 respectively). Incorporation of a radiolabel into conceptus secretory proteins increased four times at expansion compared with diapause, whereas incorporation into endometrial secretions remained constant. At elongation, incorporation into endometrial secretions increased two times and conceptus secretions increased 32 times. Endometrial secretions remained at these levels until implantation when they decreased linearly as fetal development progressed. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and fluorography showed that the profile of endometrial secretory proteins was constant until implantation when qualitative changes were evident.
10
Martin, Anduaga Ane. "Diapause and the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42771.
Full textAbstract:
As a strategy to survive to the upcoming winter, many insects enter diapause (a typical overwintering response that results on their developmental arrest). Drosophila melanogaster undergoes an adult or reproductive diapause that can be easily spotted by looking at the stage of development of the females’ ovaries. The possibility of the circadian clock influencing this phenotype was proposed to explain photoperiodic differences in induction levels. Nevertheless, to the date the debate is still on. In this thesis, I looked at several canonical clock mutants and assessed their impact on diapause, finding that 1) depending on the temperature in which they were reared the effects on the adult flies varied enormously 2) most of the clock mutants gave a strong effect in one or other growing conditions. In particular, Pdf0 and ClkJrk mutants behave in completely opposite ways. A second part of the project consisted on looking at the effects of period temperature-sensitive splicing in diapause. Using splicing locked transgenic flies provided by Isaac Edery, I found that expression of the summer isoform impaired the ability of the flies to undergo diapause. Hence, I cloned the different splicing variants into a pUAST vector and generated UAS lines to perform a neuroanatomical dissection of the phenotype. Also, related with the previous project, I decided to look if any miRNA could be regulating diapause by affecting any of the splicing variants. I found several possible miRNAs that could target the summer (intron-containing) non-splicing isoform. I found that one particular, miRNA-276b, was having a huge effect on diapause. Using a sponge particularly against this miRNA (which would result in its downregulation) diapause levels halved compared to all the controls that were performed in parallel.
11
Dolfi, Luca. "Cell dynamics during killifish embryos development and diapause." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86208.
Full textAbstract:
In this work I used time lapse brightfield microscopy to investigate cells division’s kinetics during the first developmental stages of annual- and non-annual species belonging to the three different hylogenetic clades. Annual killifishes of all three clades had cleavage times significantly longer when compared to their non-annual sister taxa (average 35 min vs. average 75 min), showing, for the first time, that cell cycle rate during cleavage, a trait thought to be rather volutionary conserved can undergo convergent evolutionary change in response to variations in life-history.
12
Andreatta, Gabriele. "Dormancy awakened: aminergic control of diapause in Drosophila." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424143.
Full textAbstract:
Coping with adverse environmental conditions is one of the most crucial challenges for all living beings. The coupling between external cues and hormonal signaling is key to allow survivorship of individuals and insects in particular have been intensively studied to better understand this connection. Although the hormonal cascade that promotes insect development and reproduction is well known (insulin signaling - juvenile hormone – 20-Ecdysone), how this neuroendocrine axis is modulated by environmental stimuli remains still largely elusive. To deepen the molecular features of IIS-JH-20E axis regulation, we focused our attention on one of the best examples of physiological strategies triggered by environmental stimuli, diapause. Diapause is an inducible developmental arrest, which characterizes the life cycle of several species, from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals. Our results shed new light on the regulation of key neuroendocrine pathways for growth and development, and suggest how organisms couple environmental conditions with inner hormonal physiology.Sopravvivere a drastici cambiamenti climatici rappresenta una delle sfide principali per gli esseri viventi. Gli insetti non solo forniscono esempi straordinari di adattamenti morfologici e fisiologici a climi sfavorevoli, ma sono anche molto studiati per comprendere quali sono i meccanismi molecolari responsabili di questi adattamenti. Negli insetti, i principali processi ormonali che promuovono lo sviluppo e la riproduzione sono ben noti e comprendono tre attori principali, il segnale insulinico (IIS), l’ormone giovanile (JH) e l’idrossi-ecdisone (20E). Nonostante questo importante asse neuroendocrino (IIS-JH-20E) sia ben studiato, poco si conosce riguardo i meccanismi molecolari che trasducono le informazioni ambientali ai componenti fondamentali del sistema endocrino, modulandone l’attività regolatoria. Per questo abbiamo rivolto la nostra attenzione ad uno degli esempi più interessanti di strategie fisiologiche evocate dagli stimoli esterni, la diapausa, un arresto dello sviluppo inducibile che rappresenta un evento estremamente diffuso nel regno animale. I nostri risultati forniscono un contributo alla comprensione degli aspetti regolativi dei meccanismi neuroendocrini fondamentali per la crescita, lo sviluppo e la riproduzione, e suggeriscono alcune modalità con le quali gli insetti accoppiano la percezione delle condizioni ambientali con la loro fisiologia ormonale.
13
Saumweber, Whitley Joseph. "Energetic constraints on diapause in Calanus finmarchicus : implications for population dynamics in the Gulf of Maine /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3188848.
Full text
14
Kizas, Andrew James. "Pitch organization and form in Bartók's sonata for piano (1926)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0003/MQ42164.pdf.
Full text
15
Rockey, Sarah Jean. "A maternal effect which influences diapause in progeny of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487263399026876.
Full text
16
Hansen, Laura Genovese. "Examination of juvenile hormone esterase during the diapause syndrome of the cotton-boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full text
17
Fischer, Matthias. "Der Intonationstest : seine Anfänge, seine Ziele, seine Methodik /." Frankfurt am Main ; Bern ; Paris : P. Lang, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358045610.
Full text
18
Muhammad, Zanna. "Diapause in the nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46458.
Full text
19
Johnson, Bobbie. "Effect of stress and diapause in two Calliphoridae species." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4200/.
Full textAbstract:
Cultures of two Dipteran flies (Calliphora vicina (R-D) and C. vomitoria (L.)) were established to answer questions in regards to responses to thermal and desiccation stress, effects of diapause and the mechanisms which underpin diapause. The findings are divided in to two sections. Unequivocal new findings – Calliphora vomitoria were seen to depend on water being present in culture medium for increased survival. Furthermore, C. vomitoria were found to have lower desiccation resistance than C. vicina. Larvae of C. vicina and C. vomitoria showed different cold tolerance strategies, with C. vicina being freeze-avoiding and C. vomitoria ‘partially’ freeze-tolerant. Metabolomics, using \(^1\)H-NMR, revealed that diapause and non-diapause had distinct metabolic profiles. Diapause larvae were seen to reduce energy synthesis from the Krebs cycle and increase glycolysis. Calliphora vicina and C. vomitoria also exhibited different diapause phenotypes; C. vicina entered a maternally regulated facultative diapause as an L3 larvae, Calliphora vomitoria had a less distinct diapause, with maternal conditions having little effect. Speculative new findings - Despite the above differences C. vicina and C. vomitoria were able to produce a viable cross, though field fresh C. vomitoria were not used, as such it cannot be confirmed if this could occur in the wild. Increased temperatures due to climate change may affect both phenology and survival of insects; C. vicina was seen to have a delayed induction to diapause and a reduction in the proportion entering diapause. Diapause conferred increased cold tolerance; therefore those insects that overwinter not in diapause may suffer increased mortality.
20
Yoder, Jay Alan. "The impact of insect diapause on water balance physiology /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487693923198332.
Full text
21
Richard, David Seward. "Endocrinology of photoperiodic diapause induction in two species of Diptera." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11893.
Full text
22
Li, Aiqing. "Identification Of Proteins Associated With Insect Diapause And Stress Tolerance." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211487603.
Full text
23
Salman, Md Habibur Rahman. "Diapause in the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa): ecological significance." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421821.
Full textAbstract:
Pine processionary moth (PPM, Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is an active range expanding pest species having significant economic impact in terms of tree growth and public health. A lot is known about its natural history although one important aspect of its life history, diapause, has been so far neglected in spite of its acknowledged importance in pest establishment and dynamics. A few questions related to diapause have been addressed in this PhD project.
Although the existence of prolonged diapause (PD) was reported long ago, no study provided its maximum duration. We provide evidence of existence of at least 7 years of PD in one mountain population of PPM, and establish the importance of PD individuals in the sustenance of population density. This study underscores the importance of long-term surveillance of population for understanding the dynamics of PD.
Although several studies have been conducted on the incidence of PD in PPM across it natural range, they were often published as forest service or forest health reports and not available to the large public. A collection of these reports, their validation and comparison with data from papers allowed to make a synthesis that included most of the pest range, including the sibling species Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni in the Near East. We suggest that winter conditions at the larval stage influence this decision. Data analysis suggests a strong U-shaped relationship between the incidence of PD and average winter temperature and a linear positive relationship between mortality and proportion of individuals in PD. The result contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the ecology, population dynamics and distribution of the PPM.
Previous phenological models of PPM lack the description of dormant prepupal stage and its significance in synchronization of emergence. Besides, no study reported on the occurrence of diapause in PPM in a stage other than pupa. We show how with a weekly sampling during the two-month long procession period of pine processionary prepupae, it was possible to discover that prepupae differentially regulate their development time in such a way that moth emergence of short-lived adults resulted to be concentrated and synchronized in less than one month. Early descending individuals don’t pupate immediately, rather wait as diapausing prepupae for their late counterparts, whereas late-descending prepupae develop into pupae much faster. The finding of prepupal diapause and its significance in synchronization of emergence may improve the existing model of phenology and provide managers with a new tool to handle this pest.
Diapause termination mechanism in both univoltine and prolonged diapausing individuals of PPM has been previously hypothesized based on the occurrence of a key period during the pupal stage. By using three proxies of metabolic activity, such as body temperature, O2 consumption, and weight loss, we confirm the hypothesis of existence of a key period (termination) in univoltine and prolonged diapausing individuals of PPM. This finding is a starting point for the study of diapause development in PPM from an ecological point of view.
Compared to simple phenomenon of diapause, field of prolonged diapause in insects per se is not vast. A lot of questions regarding the regulation of prolonged diapause are still unresolved. When we consider PPM, the gap of knowledge in this regard is gigantic. Being an important pest of Mediterranean forests, PPM deploys diapause for its success. We know almost nothing about the regulation of diapause in this species. Despite that, this thesis attempted to start the effort of answering a few of thousands of questions on the regulation of diapause in PPM. This project has prepared the ground for several possible future works. Among them, some are: testing the findings in other populations, understanding genetic regulation of diapause and prolonged diapause, understanding the importance of climate change in regulating diapause, improving phenology models and using for predicting the effects of climate change under different scenarios.La processionaria del pino (PPM, Thaumetopoea pityocampa) è una specie in fase di espansione dell’areale e che causa perdite importanti di crescita degli alberi nonché problemi sanitari all’uoma e altri animali. Nonostante molti studi siano stati condotti su questa specie, alcuni aspetti relativi alla diapausa sono stati finora trascurati anche se riconosciuti come importanti per l’affermazione della specie. Questa tesi si pone l’obiettivo di chiarirne alcuni. La presenza di diapausa prolungata (PD) in Th. pityocampa è nota da tempo ma mancano dati precisi sull’effettiva durata del fenomeno. Con questo studio si è potuto dimostrare che in una valle alpina al limite dell’areale la diapausa si estende fino a 7 anni, con ripercussioni significative sulla dinamica di popolazione. Ciò indica la necessità di una sorveglianza estesa delle popolazioni dell’insetto. Nell’areale della processionaria del pino sono stati svolti vari studi in cui la presenza di diapausa è stata accertata e quantificata, e alcuni di questi sono stati inclusi in rapporti interni di difficile reperibilità. L’accesso a questa informazione e la sua verifica puntuale hanno consentito di produrre una sintesi dei risultati, includendo anche la specie sorella Th. wilkinsoni diffusa in Asia Minore. I risultati mostrano che un fattore importante è rappresentato dalle temperature invernali cui sono esposte le larve. E’ stata infatti trovata una relazione a U tra temperatura invernale e frequenza della diapausa, associata a una maggiore mortalità per gli individui diapausanti. Tale risultato rappresenta un passo in avanti nella documentazione dell’effetto dei fattori ecologici sull’ecologia e sulla dinamica dell’insetto. I modelli di sviluppo disponibili per la processionaria del pino non hanno mai considerato lo stadio di prepupa e l’esistenza di una quiescenza/diapausa che porti a una migliore sincronizzazione degli sfarfallamenti. Grazie a un campionamento settimanale durante il periodo delle processioni di interramento è stato possibile accertare che il periodo di discesa è lungo circa il doppio rispetto allo sfarfallamento, e che le prepupe presentano una diapausa mirata a sincronizzare l’uscita degli adulti e quindi gli accoppiamenti. Il meccanismo si basa su un arresto dello sviluppo nei primi individui che scendono al suolo, che si riduce progressivamente durante il periodo. Queste nuove conoscenze sono di notevole importanza nella definizione di modelli di sviluppo e di previsione delle popolazioni dell’insetto. La conclusione della diapausa pupale in individui univoltini o in diapausa prolungata è stata associata alla presenza di un periodo chiave durante il quale l’individuo decide se proseguire nello sviluppo ad adulto o se rimanere in diapausa. Grazie a misure di alcune variabili non distruttive (temperatura superficiale, consumo di ossigeno, peso corporeo) è stato possibile mettere in evidenza per la prima volta l’esistenza di tale periodo in individui mantenuti a varie condizioni ambientali. Questo risultato rappresenta un enorme passo in avanti nelle conoscenza sulla regolazione della diapausa in questa specie. Nonostante la diapausa degli insetti sia in generale ben nota, le informazioni sulla diapausa prolungata sono scarse e molte domande giacciono irrisolte. Nel caso specifico della processionaria del pino questo ritardo è notevole e allo stesso tempo importante per la regolazione della dinamica di popolazione e quindi dei danni a piante e animali. Questo lavoro contribuisce a chiarire alcune aspetti importanti e apre la strada a studi mirati a conoscere la regolazione genetica della diapausa, gli effetti del cambiamento climatico, e lo sviluppo di modelli in grado di prevedere con affidabilità l’andamento demografico.
24
Pri-Tal, Benjamin M. "Genomic and Hormonal Components of Altered Developmental Pathways in the Annual Killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/167.
Full textAbstract:
The annual killifish, Austrofundulus limnaeus, may enter embryonic diapause at three distinct points of development, termed diapause I, II, and III. Previous studies suggest a role for steroid hormones in the regulation of diapause in annual killifish. This study concerns the hormonal and genomic components involved in the developmental decision to enter or escape diapause II from both a maternal and embryonic perspective. Steroid hormone levels were measured in tissues isolated from adult female fish that were producing either high or low proportions of escape embryos. Levels of steroid hormones were also measured in new fertilized embryos that were known to be on either an escape or diapausing developmental trajectory. In addition, cDNA microarray gene expression analysis was used to identify gene sequences that may be associated with the regulation of entry into diapause in this species. Decreases in maternal estrogen levels associated with aging are correlated with decreasing escape embryo production, but there is no direct association between measured steroid hormone levels and escape embryo production. However, maternal production of escape embryos is correlated with increased ratios of 17 ß-estradiol to testosterone in ovary tissue, and cDNA microarray gene expression analysis indicates differentially regulated sequences associated with escape embryo production in maternal tissues. Both of these independent measures suggest hormonal involvement in the regulation of diapause. Embryonic levels of steroid hormones in newly fertilized embryos are not correlated with entry or escape from diapause II, although incubation in exogenous cortisol and 17 ß-estradiol causes an increase in the proportion of escape embryos. Gene expression analysis again suggests hormonal involvement. Interestingly, genes involved in epigenetic control of gene expression though chromatin condensation are differentially regulated in both maternal tissues producing escape embryos, and in embryos on the different developmental trajectories. These data suggest that hormonal control of gene expression through alterations of chromatin condensation may regulate the decision to enter or escape diapause II.
25
Mulye, Hemendra S. "Physiological effects of non-diapause and diapause inducing photoperiods and of light quality on some hemolymph constituents of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5307.
Full text
26
Hilal, Abdelkader. "Diapause larvaire de Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lep. Noctuidae) et diapause imaginale de Cassida vittata Wild (Col. Chrysomelidae) : mise en évidence, étude écophysiologique, endocrinologique et écologique." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1A634.
Full textAbstract:
L'etude des cycles biologiques de 2 ravageurs de plantes sucrieres, s. Nonagrioies et c. Vittata, montrent que ces 2 insectes subissent un arret de developpement dans les conditions naturelles. L'existence d'une diapause larvaire chez la sesamie et d'une diapause imaginale chez la casside a ete confirmee par des etudes en laboratoire. Les conditions d'induction, de developpement et de levee de ces 2 types de diapause ont ete precisees. Les seuils thermiques ainsi que les vitesses de developpement des differents stades de la sesamie, en fonction de la temperature, ont ete precises. La somme des temperatures necessaire au developpement complet de la sesamie est de 590 degres-jours. Ces resultats ont permis l'elaboration d'un ssyteme de prevision des infestations de sesamie, teste et valide dans les conditions naturelles. Des criteres anatomiques (ebauches alaires), physiologiques (taux de trehalose hemolymphatique) ou histologiques (colorabilite des cns protocerebrales) ont ete etudies. Ils permettent de prevoir la mue nymphale de la sesamie 9 a 10 jours avant les methodes habituelles et de preciser les differentes phases de la diapause de sesamia. Ces resultats pourront etre utilises avec profit pour ameliorer le systeme d'avertissement agricole deja mis en place. Les changements intervenant dans les agrosystemes peuvent agir, par le biais des plantes-hotes, sur l'intensite de la diapause des insectes etudies. Ainsi, l'introduction de la betterave a sucre et de la canne a sucre au maroc ont abouti a une selection des souches diapausantes de sesamie et de casside
27
Hilal, Abdelkader. "Diapause larvaire de Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lep. noctuidae) et diapause imaginale de Cassida vittata Wild (col., Chrysomelidae) mise en évidence, étude écophysiologique, endocrinologique et écologique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614355n.
Full text
28
Hilal, Abdelkader. "Diapause larvaire de Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. (Lep. Noctuidae) et diapause imaginale de Cassida vittata Wild (Col. Chrysomelidae) : mise en évidence, étude écophysiologique, endocrinologique et écologique." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10641.
Full textAbstract:
L'etude des cycles biologiques de 2 ravageurs de plantes sucrieres, s. Nonagrioies et c. Vittata, montrent que ces 2 insectes subissent un arret de developpement dans les conditions naturelles. L'existence d'une diapause larvaire chez la sesamie et d'une diapause imaginale chez la casside a ete confirmee par des etudes en laboratoire. Les conditions d'induction, de developpement et de levee de ces 2 types de diapause ont ete precisees. Les seuils thermiques ainsi que les vitesses de developpement des differents stades de la sesamie, en fonction de la temperature, ont ete precises. La somme des temperatures necessaire au developpement complet de la sesamie est de 590 degres-jours. Ces resultats ont permis l'elaboration d'un ssyteme de prevision des infestations de sesamie, teste et valide dans les conditions naturelles. Des criteres anatomiques (ebauches alaires), physiologiques (taux de trehalose hemolymphatique) ou histologiques (colorabilite des cns protocerebrales) ont ete etudies. Ils permettent de prevoir la mue nymphale de la sesamie 9 a 10 jours avant les methodes habituelles et de preciser les differentes phases de la diapause de sesamia. Ces resultats pourront etre utilises avec profit pour ameliorer le systeme d'avertissement agricole deja mis en place. Les changements intervenant dans les agrosystemes peuvent agir, par le biais des plantes-hotes, sur l'intensite de la diapause des insectes etudies. Ainsi, l'introduction de la betterave a sucre et de la canne a sucre au maroc ont abouti a une selection des souches diapausantes de sesamie et de casside
29
Sarfati, Michal. "Diapause by seed predators and parasitoids in Chionochloa mast seeding communities." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2194.
Full textAbstract:
Chionochloa, a genus of snow tussock grasses native to New Zealand, exhibits pronounced mast seeding. Chionochloa suffers very high levels of pre-dispersal flower and seed predation by three main insects: Eucalyptodiplosis chionochloae, a cecidomyiid midge, which is formally described here; Megacraspedus calamogonus, a gelechiid moth and Diplotoxa similis, a chloropid fly. Seven species of parasitoids that attack these seed predators were discovered. Four species parasitize M. calamogonus (one tachinid fly and three hymenopteran wasps), one parasitizes D. similis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and two parasitize E. chionochloae, (a pteromalid wasp Gastrancistrus sp. and a platygastrid wasp Zelostemma chionochloae, which is given a formal description here). The abundance, predation levels by each of the insect species, and interactions between all the organisms in the community were studied across three elevations at Mount Hutt over three summer seasons. M. calamogonus was most abundant at 450 m altitude during all three seasons. D. similis was most common at 1070 m altitude, while its predation levels peaked in low flowering seasons and decreased in high seasons. E. chionochloae was abundant in all three altitudes and increased its predation levels with increasing flowering intensity. E. chionochloae was confirmed to use prolonged diapause of at least three years. Prolonged diapause was also confirmed in its two parasitoids. Chionochloa plants were manipulated with various treatments to test the effect on diapause in E. chionochloae and its two parasitoids. Treatments included plant warming, root pruning, gibberellic acid sprayed on the plants and combinations of these treatments. All three insects changed their emergence in response to some treatments and therefore it was suggested that combined with risk-spreading diapause, they may use some predicting to emerge from prolonged diapause. E. chionochloae control their diapause following some of the cues that Chionochloa use for flowering, while Z. chionochloae and Gastrancistrus in some cases follow their host’s cues and in others use similar cues as Chionochloa plants. Emergence or diapause predictions differed across elevations and plant species in all three insect seed/flower predators. E. chionochloae had female-biased sex ratios in different populations even after prolonged diapause. There was week evidence that both parasitoid species are female-biased in the first emergence year and male-biased after more than one year in diapause. Therefore it was suggested that diapause is not more costly for females of E. chionochloae and its parasitoid than for males. Females of all three species were not found to be better predictors (i.e, more likely to respond to treatments by not entering extended diapause) than males. The complex interactions of all the organisms in this web are thought to be sensitive to climate, and it was suggested that the global climate change may alter this sensitive system.
30
Discua, Duarte Samuel Andres. "Characterizing Prepupal Diapause and Adult Emergence Phenology of Emerald Ash Borer." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366365415.
Full text
31
Tammariello, Steven P. "Isolation of diapause-associated clones from the flesh fly, sarcophaga crassipalpis /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949508370392.
Full text
32
Hermes, Robert. "Sonographie der Trächtigkeit beim Europäischen Reh (Capreolus capreolus) und Quantifizierung endometrialer Veränderungen während der Diapause mittels computergestützter Graustufenanalyse." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/1998/53/index.html.
Full text
33
Duncan, Alison B. "Parasite mediated selection, sex and diapause in a natural population of Daphnia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1453.
Full textAbstract:
Parasites are thought to have large effects on their host populations, driving genetic change, population density changes, speciation and be a major selective force maintaining sexual reproduction. Indirect signatures of parasite-mediated selection are common, but explicit examples of parasite-mediated selection in nature are lacking. In this thesis I examine parasite-mediated dynamics in a natural population of Daphnia magna that experiences an annual epidemic of the bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa. I also test a novel hypothesis investigating the relationship between parasitism and the production of resting eggs. In chapter 2 a combined field study and laboratory infection experiment illustrates one of the best examples of parasite-mediated selection in a natural population, with Daphnia collected after a parasite epidemic having higher levels of parasite resistance than those collected before. This chapter also explored the relationship between parasitism and resting eggs, which are only produced during the sexual phase of reproduction. Daphnia that were reproducing sexually in the field prior to the parasite epidemic were more susceptible, supporting higher levels of parasite growth, than their asexual counterparts. This supports the idea that some genotypes invest in sex at the expense of parasite resistance. In chapter 3 I used molecular markers to investigate genotype frequency changes in the same population in relation to the parasite epidemic. The parasite epidemic was found to be associated with genetic change in the population, and a laboratory infection experiment revealed that the genotype most resistant to the parasite was also most common following the peak of the parasite epidemic. While chapter 2 explored a genetic relationship between susceptibility and resting eggs, chapter 4 explores whether crowding conditions, cues indicating parasite prevalence in the population, or direct exposure to parasite spores can induce resting egg production. I found that crowding conditions or parasite prevalence enhance levels of male and resting egg production, but patterns were entirely dependent on Daphnia genotypes. There was no indication that exposure to parasite spores affects levels of sexual reproduction.
34
Robich, Rebecca M. "Molecular characterization of adult diapause in the northern house mosquito, Culex Pipiens." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1116954781.
Full text
35
Emerson, Kevin James. "Evolutionary and physiological genetics of biological timing /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10286.
Full text
36
Douglas, Deborah Ann. "Luteotropic effects of prolactin on the mink (Mustela vison) ovary during embryonic diapause and early post-implantation gestation." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42020.
Full textAbstract:
These studies were conducted to determine the mechanisms by which prolactin (PRL) exerts its luteotropic effects on the mink corpus luteum (CL). Three experimental models were developed and utilized in these studies. In the first model, the ovaries from pregnant mink were collected at regular intervals throughout gestation, half the animals were treated with the dopamine agonist 2-bromo-$ alpha$-ergocryptine (bromocryptine), to suppress their endogenous PRL levels, and half were exposed to their endogenous PRL levels. The second model consisted of treating anestrous animals with exogenous gonadotropins to induce follicular development and ovulation, half the animals were then treated with PRL while the other half were left as untreated controls. In the third model, CL were collected from mink at several stages of mink gestation. The cells were enzymatically dispersed, placed in culture and incubated with different concentrations of PRL, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and (Bu)$ sb2$cAMP. Using these 3 models, the effects of PRL on P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc), 3$ beta$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3$ beta$-HSD), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHr) and prolactin receptor (PRLr) mRNA were determined. Messenger RNA levels for P450scc did not vary significantly over the course of mink gestation and treatment of animals with bromocryptine did not alter the abundance. In the anestrous model, treatment of mink with PRL reduced P450scc mRNA levels below that of the untreated control, while treatment of cultured mink luteal cells with increasing concentrations of PRL had no effect on the abundance of P450scc mRNA. The abundance of 3$ beta$-HSD mRNA varied over the course of mink gestation. Levels were low during embryonic diapause, increased during CL reactivation and peaked during post-implantation gestation. Treatment of mink with bromocryptine prevented the pre-implantation rise in 3$ bet
37
Sachet, Jean-Marie. "Décalages temporels, spéciation et coexistance d'espèces au sein d'un groupe d'insectes phytophages : les mouches granivores des conifères Strobilomyia Michelsen (Diptera, Anthomyiidae." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10186.
Full textAbstract:
Les insectes phytophages spécialistes, compte tenu de leur considérable diversité spécifique, fournissent de nombreux mod~les pour l'étude des mécanismes de spéciation écologique. Le genre Strobilomyia nous a servi d'exemple pour évaluer l'importance de la spéciation par isolement temporel (ou allochronique) chez un insecte prédateur de graines et présente en effet une grande diversité écologique (trois genres de plante-hôte, plusieurs types phénologiques) et spécifique (20 espèces dont un nombre élevé d'espèces sympatriques exploitant le même hôte). Une première approche a consisté en la construction d'une phylogénie moléculaire du genre, qui révèle une radiation adaptative à son origine, ainsi que des différences de modes de spéciation selon la plante-hôte. La spéciation par décalage phénologique semble ainsi être le seul fait des espèces spécifiques du mélèze. Puis une étude des trois espèces de Strobilomyia spécifique du mélèze dans les Alpes françaises nous a permis de constater une diminution de la compétition interspécifique par rapport à la compétition intraspécifique, ce qui nous permet de valider un scénario d'accentuation des décalages phénologiques entre ces espèces par déplacement de caractère. Enfin, l'étude du comportement de diapause prolongée des trois mêmes espèces a mis en évidence deux stratégies distinctes déterminées par l'espèce, ce qui a vraisemblablement un impact important sur la coexistence de ce trois espèces. Nous avons donc montré l'implication de décalages temporels saisonniers et interannuels dans la différenciation et/ou la coexistence d'espèces dans un genre très diversifié d'insectes prédateurs de grainesPhytophagous specialist insects, with their tremendous species diversity, provide useful models for the study of ecological speciation. We used the genus Strobilomyia to evaluate the importance of speciation by temporal (allochronic) isolation in an insect seed predator. It indeed presents a high number of species (20 including several sympatric species specific to the same host) and a large ecological diversity (three host-plant genera, several phonological types). Firstly, we constructed a molecular phylogeny of the whole genus, which reveals an adaptive radiation at its origin, and different speciation modes according to the hosto Speciation by phonological shift seems to occur only in the species specific to larch. Secondly, we concentrated on the three species specific to larch in France, and found that interspecific competition was lower than intraspecific competition. This supports the hypothesis that the phenological gaps between these species evolved by character displacement. Finally, we studied the prolonged diapause of these three species and found two different strategies, and the individual choice is predominantly influenced by the species. These strategies likely influence the coexistence 01 the three species. Ln conclusion, we showed the influence of seasonal and interannual temporal shifts in the speciation and/or the coexistence of species in a very diversified genus of insect seed predators
38
Puiroux, Jacques. "Diapause et activités sécrétoires et métaboliques du cerveau chez la piéride du chou." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10579.
Full textAbstract:
Chez la pieride du chou, le cerveau percoit directement les variations de la photoperiode et determine le type de developpement, direct ou diapausant, en fonction de celles-ci. Pendant la fin de l'ontogenese en developpement direct, nous avons constate d'importantes modifications anatomiques et histologiques du systeme nerveux central. Par contre, la diapause nymphale s'accompagne rapidement d'une baisse d'activite du systeme nerveux, se traduisant par un blocage des transformations morphogenetiques et par un fort ralentissement de la liberation des produits de neurosecretion. Ce dernier phenomene conduit a un accroissement temporaire de la charge des cellules neurosecretrices basophiles qui sont a la base de la regulation neuroendocrinienne des processus de developpement. Une etude par hplc couplee a une detection electrochimique a permis de montrer une accumulation de dopamine dans le cerveau des insectes en diapause. L'emploi d'anticorps anti-dopamine a revele que cette amine etait localisee dans certaines des cellules basophiles. La fourniture energetique d'origine glucidique au cerveau des pierides depend essentiellement de l'activite d'une glucosidase: la trehalase. La preuve de l'existence d'une isoenzyme specifique du tissu nerveux est apportee. L'activite de cette enzyme varie en fonction des stades du developpement et de l'action de certaines hormones. Elle s'effondre au cours de la diapause nymphale, sans toutefois disparaitre. Une action prolongee du froid (60 jours a 4#oc), permet la reprise de l'activite de la trehalase cerebrale. L'etude conjointe de la mobilisation des stocks cerebraux de glycogene, representant l'autre source glucidique importante, a rendu possible l'etablissement du bilan global des besoins energetiques du cerveau de la pieride au cours de la fin de l'ontogenese nous permettant d'estimer ainsi les variations d'activite cerebrale pendant cette periode
39
Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll. "Diapause regulation in pharate first instar larvae of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487942182323837.
Full text
40
Rinehart, Joseph P. "Molecular and organismal aspects of insect diapause and acquired resistance to temperature stress /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488193272066928.
Full text
41
Toni, Lee S. "Characterizing the Molecular Changes of Austrofundulus limnaeus As It Develops Towards and Enters Diapause II." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822736/.
Full textAbstract:
Austrofundulus limnaeus is a species of annual killifish which inhabits ephemeral ponds in South America. The species is able to survive seasonally desiccating ponds due to their ability to produce robust embryos. The embryos of this species are capable of entering a developmental arrest, termed diapause II, which precedes the onset of drought. While in this arrested state embryos exhibit the greatest tolerance to anoxia of any characterized vertebrate at 25ºC. Furthermore, when raised at 30ºC, embryos escape the entrance to diapause II and go on to develop directly. Currently, little is known about the molecular mechanisms which induce and maintain this developmentally arrested state. In this study I have developed methods to analyze changes in histone modifications in the context of diapause II. Histone modifications were chosen due to their extreme conservation and well characterized role as modulators of gene expression in other systems. Results utilizing adapted immunobased assays show significant changes in the global amount of H3S10P, H3K27me and H3K4me, as the embryos progress from early embryogenesis through the exit of diapause. Additionally, it is revealed that there exists a degree of phenotypic plasticity with regards to the entrance into diapause II which is modulated by the environment (severe hypoxia 0.1% O2). This work builds a foundation for future histone modification studies and contributes the development of several tools to the field. This study contributes to a greater molecular understanding of the cue(s) which influence the remarkable phenomenon of obligate developmental arrest in a vertebrate embryo.
42
Kalischuk-Tymensen, Lisa, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Isolation and identification of genes expressed during diapause in horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.)." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/133.
Full textAbstract:
There is a discrepancy in the current literature concerning the stage of development in which horn flies arrest during pupal diapause. A study was therefore conducted to describe the morphologies of horn fly pupae and its central nervous system (CNS) throughout nondiapause pupal development and diapause. Morphologies of diapausing pupae and CNS indicated that developmental arrest occured early in pupal development during the interval between head eversion and pupal-adult apolysis. Morphological descriptions are necessary for defining compariable tissues between nondiapausing insects and diapausing insects. These tissues can then be used for molecular differential analysis to determine genes specific to either diapause or nondiapause. One such differential analysis technique, subtractive hybridization, was used to isolate putative diapause up-regulated genes from the horn fly. Seven different cDNAs were closed and partially sequenced. Comparisons of the cDNA sequences with known DNA and protein sequences indicated homology with transferrin, cytochrome oxidase I, Kunitz family serine protease inhibitor, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and carboxylensterase. Two cDNAs did not have homology to entries in DNA and protein databases. Northern blot analyses were used to study expression of each gene by probing total RNA extracted from whole pupae throughout nondiapause pupal development and diapause. Expression of TH was also determined in total RNA extracted from CNS tissue of nondiapausing and diapausing pupae. Cytochrome oxidase was equally expressed in nondiapause and diapause destined pupae, and therefore not considered to be a diapause up-regualted gene. Expression patterns differed slightly for each of the remaining clones; however, expression tended to be highest in diapause destined pupae during pupation compared to nondiapausing pupae. These genes and their products are involved in many aspects of insect phsiology including metamorphosis, melanization and sclerotization of the puparium and cellular defense. The possible functions of these genes and products are discussed in the context of the diapause process.xii, 92 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
43
Tanzubil, Paul Bomber. "Diapause and population ecology of the stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis (Hampson) in Northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301975.
Full text
44
Pourraz, Frédéric. "Diapason : une approche formelle et centrée architecture pour la composition évolutive de services Web." Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS035.
Full textAbstract:
Construire un système logiciel à partir de blocs logiciels existants n'est pas une idée nouvelle. Ces blocs sont parfois appelés objets, composants et plus récemment services Web. Les architectures orientées service constituent un paradigme permettant d'utiliser des savoir-faire distribués et dont les caractéristiques principales sont le faible couplage, la flexibilité, l'ouverture, l'hétérogénéité, la mise à l'échelle ou encore la réutilisation. La capacité pour une architecture orientée service d'être agile (modifiable dynamiquement en cours d'exécution) est réellement importante pour faire face aux changements de nature diverse. Promouvoir des architectures agiles, dynamiquement modifiables, mettre en œuvre des compositions de services tout en garantissant une certaine qualité de service, constitue un réel challenge. Notre approche, nommée Diapason, adresse ce challenge. Diapason est une approche formelle, basée sur le pi-calcul et les logiques temporelles. Elle s'inscrit dans le cadre des approches centrées architecture. Diapason offre un langage d'orchestration (pi-Diapason) et un langage de description de propriétés (Diapason*). Cette approche fournit également une première réponse quant à l'évolution dynamique d'une orchestration de services Web en cours d'exécution. Pi-Diapason est formellement défini (basé sur le pi-calcul) et offre une syntaxe spécifique au domaine de l'orchestration de services Web. Ce langage est d'une part exécutable sans aucune ambiguïté (sémantique opérationnelle formelle) et offre d'autre part, la possibilité de faire évoluer dynamiquement une architecture grâce au concept de mobilité introduit par le pi-calcul. Diapason* fait partie de la classe de la logique temporelle arborescente basée sur actions et permet l'analyse de toute orchestration décrite en pi-Diapason. L'approche Diapason est supportée par un environnement qui regroupe une machine virtuelle interprétant le langage pi-Diapason ainsi qu'un vérificateur de propriétésBuilding a software system from existing software blocks is not a new idea. These blocks are sometimes called objects, sometimes components, modules and more recently: Web services. The (Web) service-oriented architecture is a paradigm for organizing and using distributed expertise, and its main characteristics are low coupling, flexibility, openness, heterogeneity, scalability or reuse. The ability of a service-oriented architecture to be agile, meaning that it can be modified dynamically while running, is really important to cope with changes of various kinds. Promoting agile architectures, dynamically modifiable, implementing services compositions while guaranteeing a certain quality of service, is a real challenge. The approach developed in the scope of this thesis to address such a challenge is called Diapason. Diapason is a formal approach, based on pi-calculus and temporal logic; it is part of the architecture centric approaches. Diapason offers a services orchestration language (the pi-Diapason language), and a properties description language (the Diapason* language). This approach also provides an initial answer to the dynamic evolution of a running Web services orchestration. Pi-Diapason is formally defined and based on pi-calculus, moreover it offers a syntax specific to the field of Web services orchestration. On the first hand, this language is executable without any ambiguity thanks to a formal operational semantics, and on the other hand it provides the opportunity to develop a dynamic architecture through the concept of mobility introduced by the pi-calculus. Diapason* is a language of the temporal tree logic class based on actions and allows the analysis of any orchestration described in pi-Diapason. The Diapason approach is supported by an environment that includes a pi-Diapason virtual machine (also providing mechanisms to enable the dynamic evolution of an orchestration throughout its execution) and a model-checker
45
Karki, Puja. "Differential Expression of Genes During Diapause in the Flesh Fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1818.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to identify genes that are differentially regulated during diapause when compared with nondiapausing pupae in Sarcophaga crassipalpis. The results of a Suppression Subtractive Hybridization procedure was used to indentify genes that are differentially regulated in both diapause and nondiapausing states while suppressing genes that are common to both states. Randomly picked colonies from both subtractive libraries were isolated and the inserts sequenced. The sequences were analyzed using the bioinformatics tools NCBI, BlastX, Clustal W, etc. Out of 384 clones, 59 genes were found to be upregulated during diapause and 37 genes were found to be upregulated during a nondiapause pupal stage, no genes were found to be expressed commonly in both the diapause and nondiapause constructed libraries.
46
Susset, Eline. "Importance des agrégations de diapause dans la reproduction de la coccinelle Hippodamia undecimnotata (Schneider) : (Coleoptera Coccinellidae)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30146/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les causes évolutives de certaines formes de vie en groupe sont bien identifiées mais pas celles des agrégations de diapause des arthropodes (rassemblements monospécifiques d'adultes dans des sites à localisation constante). Dans cette thèse, j'ai testé si, selon l'hypothèse du lek caché, les arthropodes se rassemblent pour trouver leurs partenaires sexuels chez la coccinelle Hippodamia undecimnotata. J'ai montré que les coccinelles se rassemblent dans des endroits avec un repère proéminent et où le risque de pesticides est faible, puis que les conditions abiotiques dans les sites sont défavorables à la survie des coccinelles. Ensuite, j'ai mis en évidence l'occurrence de nombreux accouplements dans les sites d'agrégation. Enfin, j'ai montré que ces accouplements sont peu coûteux en énergie pour les femelles, qui conservent de l'énergie pour les comportements post-agrégation. Cette thèse atteste que les agrégations de diapause font partie du système de reproduction des arthropodesThe evolutionary significance of some kinds of group living are well-known, some others such as the diapause aggregations remain poorly known although widespread. In this thesis, I tested if the arthropods form diapause aggregations to find their mates according to the hidden lek hypothesis with the ladybird Hippodamia undecimnotata. By using a Species Distribution Model, I showed that ladybirds aggregate in places with a prominent object and where the risk of being sprayed by pesticides is low. Then, I highlighted that abiotic conditions are unfavourable to ladybirds' survival. In a third part, I found that mating is widespread activity in the aggregation sites. Finally, I showed that energetic costs linked to mating are low, and thus allow the ladybirds to disperse and display post aggregations behaviour. This thesis shows that the diapause aggregations are part of the mating system of the arthropods and that sexual selection can be a driver of the evolution of diapause aggregations
47
Rousselet, Jérôme. "Déterminisme du sexe, diapause et évolution du caryotype chez les diprionidae (hyménoptères symphytes) : étude de de Diprion pini L., ravageur forestier à gradations éruptives." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4006.
Full textAbstract:
Les diprionidae constituent une petite famille d'hyménoptères symphytes, inféodée aux conifères. Ces insectes défoliateurs font partie des principaux ravageurs des forets de l'hémisphère nord. En Europe, diprion pini s'attaque à pinus sylvestris, la principale essence de pin. La dynamique des populations de cette espèce est caractérisée par d'impressionnantes explosions démographiques ponctuant de longues périodes pendant lesquelles les populations se maintiennent à un très faible niveau d'effectif. Cette thèse a eu pour objectif d'étudier des facteurs propres à l'insecte susceptibles d'expliquer le déclenchement de ces gradations éruptives. Des croisements entre une souche de laboratoire et une population de Finlande, manifestant une propension à entrer en diapause très différente, ont montre qu'une part de la variabilité des réponses de l'insecte pouvait être d'origine génétique. Des croisements frère-sur ont permis quant a eux de mettre en évidence l'existence de mâles diploïdes chez cette espèce arrhenotoque. Ces derniers résultent d'un déterminisme du sexe à allèles multiples et complémentaires (csd) impliquant vraisemblablement un seul locus. La mise en évidence de males diploïdes a nécessité la mise au point d'une technique d'obtention du caryotype chez d. Pini. Avec 14 chromosomes acrocentriques, cette espèce a double le nombre de ses chromosomes par rapport au reste de la famille. Cette évolution du caryotype est due a un phénomène de fission centrique et non de polyploidisation. Alors que le polyploidisation aurait implique le doublement de tous les loci du génome, y compris le locus sexuel, la fission préserve l'haplo-diploidie. Ce résultat ne contredit donc pas la vraisemblance d'un csd monolocus établie au moyen des croisements consanguins, c'est-a-dire d'un déterminisme du sexe pouvant produire une quantité importante de males diploides. Par ailleurs, les expérimentations de cytogénétique réalisées semblent montrer l'existence d'interactions entre l'organisation du génome a un niveau moléculaire et l'évolution du caryotype au niveau chromosomique. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus suggèrent que l'évolution démographique des populations pourrait être liée a une modification de leur structure génotypique, via le déterminisme génétique du sexe et de la diapause.
48
Zeller, Martina. "Population genetic consequences of a diapause a species comparison of two calanoid copepods (Eudiaptomus spec.) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://e-diss.uni-kiel.de/diss_1817/d1817.pdf.
Full text
49
Pourchez, Arnaud. "Impact de la diapause sur la dynamique de communautés planctoniques dans un écosystème Arctique numérique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29871.
Full textAbstract:
L’Océan Arctique est l’un des environnements où l’on retrouve les plus fortes variations saisonnières au monde. L’un des outils utilisés pour représenter et comprendre de tels environnements variables sont les modèles biogéochimiques. Néanmoins, ces modèles n’ont qu’une représentation sommaire des espèces métazoaires, telles que les copépodes, qui représentent pourtant jusqu’à 80% de la biomasse totale du zooplancton arctique. De plus, les espèces de copépodes composant la majorité de cette biomasse ont développé un mécanisme leur permettant de bénéficier au maximum de la production primaire concentrée l’été en Arctique, la diapause. Ce mécanisme a été documenté comme ayant un impact direct sur la phénologie des autres espèces de la communauté planctonique, ainsi que sur la biogéochimie de leur environnement. Ce projet de recherche vise à combler le manque de représentation de ce trait en l’incluant au sein d’un modèle biogéochimique dans le contexte particulier de l’Arctique représenté par des données environnementales prélevées dans le Gulf d’Amundsen. Nos résultats démontrent que sans le trait de la diapause, le modèle ne permettait pas la survie d’espèces de métazoaires. Grâce à l’utilisation de relations allométriques ainsi qu’au mécanisme de sélection naturel présent dans le modèle utilisé, nous observons qu’une seule espèce de métazoaire peut présenter une dynamique de diapause comparable à celles retrouvées dans la zone d’étude. Nous discutons ensuite de l’importance que ce trait peut avoir sur la phénologie des espèces planctoniques en raison de cascades impliquant des chaines trophiques courtes. Finalement, l’ajout d’une migration saisonnière dans le modèle actuel permettra à de futurs projets de recherches d’étudier les deux mécanismes biogoéchimiques liés à la diapause que sont la pompe à lipide ainsi que le « court-circuit lipidique » (lipid shunt).
50
Joplin, Karl H. "Protein expression in flesh flies (Sarcophaga) in response to heat shock, cold shock and diapause /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487668215807964.
Full text