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1
Duan, Long Chen, Shao Lin Xu, Hao Shi, and Jun Ping Li. "Experimental Study on Friction Characteristics of Hot-Pressing Matrix and Granite under Dry Sliding Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.981.
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In order to understand the friction characteristics of hot-pressing bit matrix and granite under dry sliding conditions, the influence law of hardness and diamond concentration to the friction coefficient was analyzed and discussed with the data of friction coefficient and torque under different conditions. Three groups of hot-pressing matrix samples of different hardness and three groups of hot-pressing matrix samples with different diamond concentration were chosen. The friction and wear tests were carried out between hot-pressing matrix samples and granite samples. The results showed that the friction torque and coefficient firstly increased, and then decreased with the increase of hardness in dry friction experiments between granite sample and matrix sample without diamond. Compared with data from matrix sample without diamond, the friction torque and friction coefficient decreased significantly when test was carried between granite sample and impregnated diamond matrix sample. The friction torque and coefficient increased with the increase of diamond concentration.
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Zhang, Ji, Ehsan Osloub, Fatima Siddiqui, Weixiang Zhang, Tarek Ragab, and Cemal Basaran. "Anisotropy of Graphene Nanoflake Diamond Interface Frictional Properties." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091425.
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Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the frictional properties of the interface between graphene nanoflake and single crystalline diamond substrate have been investigated. The equilibrium distance between the graphene nanoflake and the diamond substrate has been evaluated at different temperatures. This study considered the effects of temperature and relative sliding angle between graphene and diamond. The equilibrium distance between graphene and the diamond substrate was between 3.34 Å at 0 K and 3.42 Å at 600 K, and it was close to the interlayer distance of graphite which was 3.35 Å. The friction force between graphene nanoflakes and the diamond substrate exhibited periodic stick-slip motion which is similar to the friction force within a graphene–Au interface. The friction coefficient of the graphene–single crystalline diamond interface was between 0.0042 and 0.0244, depending on the sliding direction and the temperature. Generally, the friction coefficient was lowest when a graphene flake was sliding along its armchair direction and the highest when it was sliding along its zigzag direction. The friction coefficient increased by up to 20% when the temperature rose from 300 K to 600 K, hence a contribution from temperature cannot be neglected. The findings in this study validate the super-lubricity between graphene and diamond and will shed light on understanding the mechanical behavior of graphene nanodevices when using single crystalline diamond as the substrate.
3
Shi, Shuang Ji, Jia Zhi Lin, Zhu Ji Jin, Xiao Guang Guo, Ping Zhou, and Ren Ke Kang. "Study of Grinding Wheel for Polishing Diamond by Dynamic Friction Polishing." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.304.
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Diamond is widely used in the fields of precise and ultraprecise machining because of its superlative characters. Due to high hardness and great brittleness of diamond, the grinding of diamond needs a kind of high effective and stable polishing method. Dynamic friction polishing (DFP) is deemed to be an innovative method by means of a synergistic reaction of mechanical effect and chemical change. The condition of high pressure and high temperature puts forward a high requirement for mechanical property of the grinding wheel in DFP, other than that, the graphitization of diamond catalyzed by catalytic metal is also a focus of research. In this paper, the transition metals with unpaired d electrons were selected as polishing materials, and powder metallurgy technique was used to prepare alloy grinding wheel for polishing diamond by dynamic friction polishing.
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Pan, Bing Suo, Xiao Hong Fang, and Ming Yuan Niu. "Study on Friction and Wear Properties of Self-Lubricating Impregnated Diamond Bit Cutters." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.136.
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To reduce the friction coefficient between impregnated diamond bit and rock, experiments on addition of graphite to the matrix material of bit cutters were conducted. The cutters were made up of diamond contained working layers and binding layers. The friction and wear properties of cutters and binding layers were investigated using a pin-on-disc friction & wear tester with granite as tribopair. The results showed that with addition of graphite, the hardness and friction coefficient of binding layer decreased, but its wear resistance increased; compared to cutters without graphite, those cutters containing graphite had lower wear loss and friction coefficient and their sliding wear process was much steadier, but diamond protrusion was still normal.
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LIN, ZICHAO, FANGHONG SUN, and BIN SHEN. "FRICTION PROPERTIES OF POLISHED CVD DIAMOND FILMS SLIDING AGAINST DIFFERENT METALS." Surface Review and Letters 23, no. 02 (February 29, 2016): 1550096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x15500961.
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Owing to their excellent mechanical and tribological properties, like the well-known extreme hardness, low coefficient of friction and high chemical inertness, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond films have found applications as a hard coating for drawing dies. The surface roughness of the diamond films is one of the most important attributes to the drawing dies. In this paper, the effects of different surface roughnesses on the friction properties of diamond films have been experimentally studied. Diamond films were fabricated using hot filament CVD. The WC-Co (Co 6[Formula: see text]wt.%) drawing dies were used as substrates. A gas mixture of acetone and hydrogen gas was used as the feedstock gas. The CVD diamond films were polished using mechanical polishing. Polished diamond films with three different surface roughnesses, as well as the unpolished diamond film, were fabricated in order to study the tribological performance between the CVD diamond films and different metals with oil lubrication. The unpolished and polished CVD diamond films are characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), surface profilometer, Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The friction examinations were carried out by using a ball-on-plate type reciprocating friction tester. Low carbide steel, stainless steel, copper and aluminum materials were used as counterpart balls. Based on this study, the results presented the friction coefficients between the polished CVD films and different metals. The friction tests demonstrate that the smooth surface finish of CVD diamond films is beneficial for reducing their friction coefficients. The diamond films exhibit low friction coefficients when slid against the stainless steel balls and low carbide steel ball, lower than that slid against copper ball and aluminum ball, attributed to the higher ductility of copper and aluminum causing larger amount of wear debris adhering to the sliding interface and higher adhesive strength between the contacting surfaces.
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Lei, Xuelin, Yun He, and Fanghong Sun. "Tribological properties of TiN/diamond and TiAlN/diamond bilayer films sliding against carbon steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 8 (December 29, 2017): 1014–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117750975.
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In this study, the tribological properties of the monolayer micro-crystalline diamond and nano-crystalline diamond films, TiN/diamond and TiAlN/diamond bilayer films on cemented tungsten carbide substrates are evaluated by dry sliding against the medium carbon steel counterpart balls, in terms of the coefficient of friction, wear rate, worn surfaces, and chemical transitions in the contacting wear zones. The significant coefficient of friction reducing effect of top-layer TiN and TiAlN coating only happens on the nano-crystalline diamond film, where the stable coefficient of friction of TiN/nano-crystalline diamond or TiAlN/nano-crystalline diamond bilayer coating reduces 9% or 53% compared with the nano-crystalline diamond film. The formed ionic metal oxides such as Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 coming from the chemisorbing of the atmospheric molecular water, oxygen in the air and the delamination of steel ball due to the repeated friction interaction is supposed to be responsible for the coefficient decreasing effect. The TiN or TiAlN film on diamond layer exhibits lower positive wear rate compared with the TiN or TiAlN film itself, due to the load support ability improvement resulted from the high hardness of diamond interlayers. Among all the tested hard films, the TiAlN/nano-crystalline diamond bilayer coating exhibits the valid potential to be the optimized tool coating in carbon steel machining in terms of its low coefficient of friction and wear rate, which may come from the self-lubricated transfer tribolayer formation on the TiAlN layer, as well as the enhanced mechanical supporting capacity of the underneath smooth and hard nano-crystalline diamond interlayer.
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Kohzaki, M., K. Higuchi, S. Noda, and K. Uchida. "Tribological characteristics of polycrystalline diamond films produced by chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 7 (July 1992): 1769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1769.
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Effects of surface roughness and crystallinity of polycrystalline diamond films on their tribological characteristics, as well as the effects of test environment, have been investigated. Friction and wear characteristics of the diamond films deposited on sintered SiC disks have been examined with a ball-on-disk tester in the absence of any lubricant. The friction coefficients of polished diamond films against SiC and Si3N4 balls were below 0.10 at room temperature while those of as-deposited films were around 0.20. The specific wear of counterparts on the polished film was five orders of magnitude smaller than on the as-deposited film. The friction coefficient between the polished diamond film and a AISI 52100 steel ball was about 0.20. Transfer of a small amount of AISI 52100 material to the diamond film was observed along the wear track of the polished diamond surface. Diamond films of high quality were more resistant to wear than the ones of low quality. On the other hand, the friction coefficients were not affected by the crystallinity of the diamond films in the present study. Tribological characteristics of the diamond films deteriorated with increasing sliding speed and ambient temperature. At 600 °C in dry N2, the friction coefficient of diamond films against a SiC ball was about 0.8, which was about ten times higher than that at room temperature in air.
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Shen, Bin, Fang Hong Sun, and Guo Dong Yang. "Study on the Friction Behavior of HFCVD Diamond Films on Silicon Nitride Substrates." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.143.
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The friction behaviors of CVD diamond films on silicon nitride substrates are investigated comparing with the uncoated silicon nitride samples. Two types of CVD diamond films, namely MCD and NCD films, are deposited on the silicon nitride substrates using HFCVD method, and then SEM, while light interferometer, XRD and Raman spectra are employed to characterize as-deposited diamond films. The friction tests are carried out in a ball-on-plate reciprocating friction tester, with ball-bearing steel, copper, tungsten carbide and tungsten carbide as the counterpart materials. The results show that the diamond film deposited on silicon nitride substrate has significant effect on reducing the friction coefficient and enhancing the wear resistance. The friction coefficients of MCD and NCD films are around ~0.35 in dry sliding against ball-bearing steel and copper, while for sliding with the tungsten carbide and silicon nitride, the friction coefficients of NCD films even decrease as low as ~0.12 and ~0.08 respectively. The special wear rate of the silicon nitride and NCD film can be estimated as 6.2167×10-5 mm3 N-1 m-1 and 4.03×10-7 mm3 N-1 m-1 with the counterface of silicon nitride. Comparatively, no measurable wear occurs on the worn surface of the MCD film.
9
Jin, Zhu Ji, Z. W. Yuan, Q. Li, and K. Wang. "Tribological Aspects of Chemical Mechanical Polishing Diamond Surfaces." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.464.
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Mechanical energy may initiate and accelerate chemical reaction in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). To study the effect of mechanical energy on the chemical reactions, a special friction measuring system was designed in this paper. The system could measure the local friction to reduce the error caused by resultant force. The effects of rotational speed, polishing pressure and the concentration of oxidant on friction and material removal rate were investigated. The results showed that the system could accurately measure the friction of small area diamond film in CMP process. The frictional system was in a mixed lubrication state since the value of the friction coefficient located in the range of 0.060~0.065.
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Jin, Zhu Ji, Ze Wei Yuan, Ren Ke Kang, and B. X. Dong. "Study on Two Kinds of Grinding Wheels for Dynamic Friction Polishing of CVD Diamond Film." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.217.
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This paper investigates two kinds of grinding wheels prepared by the combination of mechanical alloy and hot-press sintering (MA-HPS). Scanning electro microscopy, Optical microscope, Talysurf surface profiler, X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize two kinds of grinding wheels and identify the removal mechanism. It was found that FeNiCr matrix-TiC (FMT) grinding wheel yielded higher removal rate than TiAl abrasiveless carbophile (TAC) grinding wheel, which conversely owned good polishing quality; diamond was removed by transformation diamond to non-diamond carbons and then removed by mechanically or diffusion to grinding wheel during polishing process with FMT grinding wheel. While TAC grinding wheel polishing CVD diamond film mainly depended on the reaction between diamond carbon and titanium.
11
Wang, Ben, Hang Gao, Song Peng Zhang, and Yong Jie Bao. "Study on Friction Coefficient between Carbon/Epoxy Composites and a Monocrystalline Diamond under Different Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.627.
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The main source of heat generation during machining of carbon/epoxy composites is the friction among cutting tool, chip and workpiece. The friction coefficient between carbon/epoxy composites and a monocrystalline diamond under different temperatures was investigated. The results show that the friction coefficient between diamond and carbon/epoxy composites changes with the variation of temperature due to the change of properties of epoxy resin. The friction coefficient increases with the increasing temperature. However, when the temperature of workpiece was higher than the glass transition temperature of epoxy resin, the friction coefficient decreased.
12
Zhao, Yun Cai, Fang Ping Hu, Xiao Mei Liu, Chun Ming Deng, and Wen You Ma. "Experiment Study on Tribological Properties of the Coating with Different Surface Textures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2735.
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This paper is about the KF301/WS2 modified lubricating wear-resisting coating which is prepared by supersonic plasma spraying, laser remelting and surface texturing technology, tribological characteristic of KF301/WS2 lubricating wear-resisting coating of four different (round pit, diamond, parallel and intermittence) tracks and part laser remelting is studied under room temperature. Research shows: textures of different tracks have a certain influence on friction factor of coating’s surface and abrasion loss. Friction coefficient of mouldling surface of broken texture is about 0.012 in the initial stages, while friction coefficient of round pit texture is about 0.0085. Round pit, diamond and parallel microtopography make friction state enter stabilization quickly, effectively restraining the wave of abrasion loss. When wear time reaches to 1 hour, abrasion loss of broken texture is 0.03mg, while abrasion loss of round pit texture is about 0.015mg. Tribological properties, from high to low, in turn, are round pits, diamond, parallel and broken texture.
13
Zhang, Peng, Kwang-Hee Lee, and Chul-Hee Lee. "Friction characteristics of magneto-rheological fluid on DLC- and PTFE-coated surfaces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 8 (January 9, 2017): 1007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650116688546.
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In this study, the friction characteristics of a magneto-rheological fluid are examined with different surface process technologies such as polytetrafluoroethylene coatings and diamond-like carbon coatings by using a reciprocating friction tester. The friction characteristics of the magneto-rheological fluid are also examined with diamond-like carbon coatings at various temperatures. The substrate material (plate) used for coating with diamond-like carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene is aluminum (Al6061), which is widely used in engineering applications. The descending sequence of the coefficients of friction is Al6061 > diamond-like carbon > polytetrafluoroethylene. The surfaces are observed by scanning electron microscopy before and after the experiment. In addition, the chemical compositions of the worn surfaces were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. By comparing the results, the friction characteristics of the magneto-rheological fluid are analyzed based on the different coating methods.
14
Harrison, Judith A., Carter T. White, Richard J. Colton, and Donald W. Brenner. "Atomistic Simulations of Friction at Sliding Diamond Interfaces." MRS Bulletin 18, no. 5 (May 1993): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400047138.
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Friction, or the resistance to motion of two bodies in contact, and the related phenomenon of wear are two of the more costly problems facing industry today. Despite their importance, a fundamental understanding of friction and wear, especially at the atomic scale, has remained elusive. This is rapidly changing, however, as new scientific instrumentation has been developed that allows, for the first time, the study of friction at the atomic scale. These pioneering efforts have led to the emergence of a rapidly growing field called nanotribology, the subject of this issue of the MRS Bulletin. Some of the contributing techniques include the surface force apparatus, which has been used to study the rheology of molecularly thin liquid layers, a quartz-crystal microbalance, which has been used to measure the sliding friction of molecularly thin adsorbed films, and the atomic force microscope (AFM), which has been used to measure the frictional force between a sharp tip (possibly a single asperity) and a flat surface during sliding. In addition to providing a vast amount of information related to friction on the atomic scale, these innovative experiments have provided the necessary data to test the validity of older theoretical models and have stimulated new theoretical work. For instance, atomic-scale friction has been investigated theoretically using analytic models, first principles calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Wang, Xinbo, Zhongwei Yin, Hulin Li, Gengyuan Gao, and Jun Cao. "Experimental comparison of CuAl10Fe3 journal bearings sliding against two different coatings." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 71, no. 7 (September 9, 2019): 956–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2018-0198.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the frictional behaviors of CuAl10Fe3 journal bearings sliding against chromium electroplated 42CrMo shafts and diamond-like carbon-coated 42CrMo shafts, respectively, under two different conditions and to compare the two kinds of friction pairs. Design/methodology/approach All journal bearing samples underwent 24 h running-in and repeatability verification. Then, the journal bearing friction experiments were carried out under two different conditions. After testing, the torques, friction coefficients, power consumptions and other parameters were obtained. Findings The pair of CuAl10Fe3 journal bearing and diamond-like carbon–coated shaft could drive greater load to start up than the pair of CuAl10Fe3 journal bearing and chromium electroplated 42CrMo shaft, but it had greater power consumption during the steady running period under the identical condition. With the changing of specific pressure or rotational speed, the friction coefficients had different variations. The frictional oscillations appeared at 32 rotations per minute under heavy loads for both kinds of pairs, the oscillation frequencies were equal to rotational frequency of the test shaft and the oscillation amplitude for diamond-like carbon coating was much greater. Originality/value These results have guiding significance for practical industrial applications.
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Shen, Bin, Wei Zuo, Fang Hong Sun, and Ming Chen. "Study on Tribological Performance of Fine-Grained Diamond Films." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.23.
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Friction and wear behavior of fine-grained diamond (FGD) films were investigated in the ambient air, deionized water and paraffin oil lubricating environment. The FGD films were deposited on WC substrates using HFCVD method and the tribologcial tests were conducted in a ball-on-plate type reciprocating friction tester where the mating balls were made of ball-bearing steel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface profilometer and Raman spectrascropy were used to study the characterizations of the deposited FGD films, and after sliding tests, the worn areas on both mating balls and FGD films were investigated and the wear debris layer adhered to the friction area of FGD films were analyzed with EDX. The experiment results suggested that FGD films exhibited steady friction coefficient as about 0.25 in water, lower than that in open air, which is up to 0.40; but the mating ball in water suffered much severer wear lost and its specific wear rate was more than two times higher than that in air, up to 3.6E-4 mm3N-1m-1. As while, a thick and compact layer of wear debris was observed on the worn area of FGD films sliding with water lubrication while only little debris existed in the diamond grain boundaries, which might dominate the friction process and attribute to the lower friction coefficient and higher specific wear rate in water environment. In oil environment, furthermore, both the friction coefficient and specific wear rate reached minimum value as low as 0.1 and 1.1E-4 mm3N-1m-1, no observable wear scar could be measured on the sliding surface of the FGD film.
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Lanzerstorfer, Christof, Christian Forsich, and Daniel Heim. "Reduction of Wall Friction of Fine Powders by Use of Wall Surface Coatings." Coatings 11, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040427.
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In this study, the possibilities for the reduction of powder wall friction by different types of surface coatings on the wall material were investigated. Two conventional coatings, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plate and an anti-friction varnish, were tested, together with a diamond-like carbon coating. It is the first time a diamond-like carbon coating has been researched with respect to powder wall friction reduction. The wall friction angles were measured with a ring-shear tester. The results showed that the conventional coatings did not really reduce wall friction in comparison to structural steel. In comparison to the stainless steel they even increased it. In contrast, the diamond-like carbon coating reduced wall friction significantly. These first results are very promising. However, more detailed investigations are required.
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HE, YUANPING, YU-XIAO CUI, and FANG-HONG SUN. "ENHANCEMENT OF ADHESION STRENGTH AND TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF CVD DIAMOND FILMS ON TUNGSTEN CARBIDE SUBSTRATES WITH HIGH COBALT CONTENT VIA AMORPHOUS SiC INTERLAYERS." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 09 (October 17, 2019): 1950051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19500513.
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In this study, the diamond films are deposited on tungsten carbide substrates with 10[Formula: see text]wt.% Co via hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). Amorphous SiC (a-SiC) interlayers with various thicknesses are fabricated between the diamond films and tungsten carbide substrates via precursor pyrolysis to promote the adhesion and friction performance of diamond films. Indentation tests are performed to evaluate the adhesion of the as-fabricated diamond films, which show that the a-SiC interlayers can greatly improve the adhesive strength between diamond films and tungsten carbide substrates with 10[Formula: see text]wt.% Co. Moreover, the thickness of a-SiC interlayer is of great importance for the effectiveness on the film–substrate adhesion enhancement. The optimum thickness of a-SiC interlayer is 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. Afterwards, ball-on-disc experiments are chosen to check the tribological properties of the as-fabricated a-SiC interlayered diamond film specimen with the optimum interlayer thickness, which exhibits lower friction coefficient than the conventional diamond film with no interlayer.
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Zhang, Wei, Mingyang Zhang, Yingbo Peng, Fangzhou Liu, Yong Liu, Songhao Hu, and Yang Hu. "Effect of Ti/Ni Coating of Diamond Particles on Microstructure and Properties of High-Entropy Alloy/Diamond Composites." Entropy 21, no. 2 (February 10, 2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21020164.
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In this study, an effective way of applying Ti/Ni deposited coating to the surface of diamond single crystal particles by magnetron sputtering was proposed and novel high-entropy alloy (HEA)/diamond composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The results show that the interfacial bonding state of the coated diamond composite is obviously better than that of the uncoated diamond composite. Corresponding mechanical properties such as hardness, density, transverse fracture strength and friction properties of the coated diamond composite were also found to be better than those of the uncoated diamond composite. The effects of interface structure and defects on the mechanical properties of HEA/diamond composites were investigated. The research directions for further improving the structure and properties of high-entropy alloy/diamond composites were proposed.
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Najar, Kaleem Ahmad, N. A. Sheikh, Mohammad Mursaleen Butt, and M. A. Shah. "Enhancing the wear resistance of WC–Co cutting inserts using synthetic diamond coatings." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 7 (September 10, 2018): 1224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-04-2017-0089.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical and tribological properties of the synthetic diamond coatings deposited on WC-Co cutting tools for their prospective applications in mechanical industry. In this work, the concept of nanocrystalline diamond, microcrystalline diamond and multilayer-diamond coating systems were proposed and deposited on WC-Co substrates with the top-layer nanocrystallinity, optimum thickness and interfacial adhesion strength for load-bearing tribological and machining applications. Also, the overall mechanical and tribological properties of all synthetic diamond coatings were compared for the purpose of selecting a suitable type of protective layer used on the surfaces of WC-Co cutting tools or mechanical dies. Design/methodology/approach Smooth and adhesive single layered and multilayered synthetic deposited on chemically etched cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrates using predetermined process parameters in hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. A comparison has been documented between diamond coatings having different nature and architecture for the purpose of studying their mechanical and tribological characteristics. The friction characteristics were studied experimentally using ball-on-disc type linear reciprocating micro-tribometer under the influence of varying load conditions and within dry sliding conditions. Nanoindentation tests were conducted on each diamond coating using Berkovich nanoindenter for the measurement of their hardness and elastic modulus values. Also, the wear characteristics of all sliding bodies were studied under varying load conditions using cumulative weight loss and density method. Findings Depositing any type of diamond coating on the cemented carbide tool insert increases its all mechanical and tribological characteristics. When using boron-doping onto the top-layer surface of diamond coatings decrease slightly their mechanical properties but increases the tribological characteristics. Present analysis reveals that friction coefficient of all diamond-coated WC-Co substrates decreases with the increase of normal load. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate level of normal load, sliding time, sliding distance, atmospheric conditions and type of diamond coating, the friction coefficient may be kept to some lower value to improve mechanical processes. Originality/value As the single layered synthetic diamond coatings have not given the full requirements of mechanical and tribological properties when deposited on cutting tools. Therefore, the multilayered diamond coatings were proposed and developed to enhance the interfacial integrity of the nanocrystalline and microcrystalline layers (by eliminating the sharp interface) as well as increasing the hardness of tungsten carbide substrate. However, when using boron doping onto the top-layer surface of diamond, coatings decreases slightly their mechanical characteristics but also decreases the value of friction coefficient.
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Chen, Ming, Y. P. Ma, Dao Hui Xiang, and Fang Hong Sun. "Study on Comparative Experiments of Performance of Conventional and Nanocrystalline Diamond Film." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.847.
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Nanocrystalline diamond film with smooth surface and uniform grains was deposited successfully on Co-cemented carbide using the bias-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The surface morphology and chemical quality of film were estimated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Comparative experiments of tribological and wear performances of conventional and nanocrystalline diamond films were carried out by pin-on-disc tester. The research results show that nanocrystalline diamond film with good tribological performance and high quality can be deposited by regulating the deposition parameters on Co-cemented carbide. The film not only has high adhesive strength but also has smooth surface, low surface roughness, low friction coefficient. The work done in this paper provide the wide application of diamond on complex shape tools, drawing dies and other wear resistant device with experimental reference.
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Wu, Lijuan, Gang Zhang, Bo Li, Weilin Wang, Xuanjie Huang, Zhijun Chen, Gang Dong, Qunli Zhang, and Jianhua Yao. "Study on Microstructure and Tribological Performance of Diamond/Cu Composite Coating via Supersonic Laser Deposition." Coatings 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030276.
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The supersonic laser deposition (SLD) of diamond/Cu composite powder is studied over a range of laser power. The deposition efficiency, coating microstructure, cohesive/adhesive bonding, phase composition, micro-hardness, and tribological property of the diamond/Cu composite coating are investigated. The results indicate that, as laser power is increased, deposition efficiency initially increases and then declines. The diamond particles distribute uniformly in the composite coating. Due to the increase of velocity ratio and total energy by laser irradiation, the cohesive/adhesive bonding of the composite coating is improved. The composite coating can preserve the phase composition of the origin powders due to the relatively low heat input during the SLD process. Slight oxidation of the Cu powder can be detected in the coatings prepared with high laser power, which has adverse effects on material deposition. The SLD-diamond/Cu composite coating has superior wear-resistance because of low friction coefficient, high micro-hardness, and uniformly distributed diamond particles.
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Yang, Guo Dong, Bin Shen, Fang Hong Sun, Zhi Ming Zhang, and Ming Chen. "Study on the Fabrication and Cutting Performance of HFCVD Diamond Coated Silicon Nitride Inserts." Key Engineering Materials 431-432 (March 2010): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.431-432.515.
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Microcrystalline diamond (MCD) and fine-grained diamond (FGD) films are deposited on silicon nitride (Si3N4) inserts using the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X –ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrum are employed to characterize these as-deposited diamond films. Cutting performance of as-fabricated CVD diamond coated Si3N4 inserts is examined in dry turning glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) material, comparing with the uncoated Si3N4 inserts. The results indicate that the tool failure is mainly attributed to its severe flank wear, which is caused by continuous friction and impact brought by many hard SiO2 particles distributed in the GFPR work piece. The lifetime of Si3N4 inserts can be prolonged by depositing MCD or FGD films on them and the FGD coated insert shows better wear resistance than the MCD coated one.
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Chen, Chao Chang Arthur, Ching Hsiang Tseng, and Wei Kang Tu. "Friction Force Analysis on Diaomond Lapping of Sapphire Wafers." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.461.
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This paper is to design and developing a friction sensor system (FSS) for prediction of endpoint detection (EPD) on diamond lapping of sapphire or mono-crystalline aluminum oxide wafers. The endpoint detection usually includes start region, lapping region, transient region and endpoint region to control the planarization procedure by diamond lapping with variant plate of copper, resin copper, or tin materials. Experiments have been performed with 9 tests composed by three kinds of viscosity of slurry lapping with three kinds of lap plates. The coefficient of friction (CoF) has been obtained by the designed FSS and then compared with different test parameters. The as-lapped sapphire wafers have also measured by coherence surface interferometer, CCI-Lite (Taylor Hobson, UK). Experimental results show that the hardness of plate and viscosity of slurry are critical factors for as-lapped wafer quality. The EPD of diamond lapping with resin copper plate can be determined by the CoF data and that can be used for justifying the appropriate lapping time of sapphire wafers. Future study can focus on the relationship of sub-surface crack caused by the diamond lapping process.
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Lin, Zi Chao, Fang Hong Sun, Zhi Ming Zhang, He Sheng Shen, and Song Shou Guo. "Optimization of Parameters of Diamond-Coated Dies for Cu Wire Drawing by FEM Simulations." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.588.
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Diamond-coated drawing dies are considered as ideal drawing dies for their unique characteristics, such as high hardness, wear resistance and low friction. In order to optimize the parameters of diamond coated drawing dies, this study conducts a finite element method (FEM) simulation to calculate the von Mises stresses distribution on the interior-hole surfaces of diamond coated drawing die during the copper wire drawing process, and then refines the diamond coated drawing dies based on the simulation results. Furthermore, the drawing performance of the optimized diamond coated drawing die is examined in a real production of drawing copper wires, and the results show that its working lifetime increase by a factor of 12 comparing with the conventional tungsten carbide drawing die.
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Choi, Won Seok, Yeun-Ho Joung, Jinhee Heo, and Byungyou Hong. "Friction force microscopy study of annealed diamond-like carbon film." Materials Research Bulletin 47, no. 10 (October 2012): 2780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.04.141.
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Lei, Xue Lin, Liang Wang, Bin Shen, Fang Hong Sun, and Ming Chen. "Effect of Grain Size of CVD Diamond Film on Cutting Performance of Diamond Coated Micro Drills." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.407.
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In this study, micro- crystalline diamond(MCD), fine grade diamond(FGD) and nano- crystalline diamond(NCD) thin films are successfully coated on WC-Co micro drills(φ=400µm) adopting hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique. The microstructure and cutting performance of micro drills for applying to drill electrical discharge machining(EDM) graphite coated with MCD, FGD and NCD films are systematically investigated by means of field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy. After drilling of 1500 holes, wear behavior of these micro drills is analyzed by FESEM and NCD coated micro drills exhibit minimum flank wear compared with the other samples due to the relatively good wear resistance and friction properties of NCD films.
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Madej, Monika. "Tribological Properties of Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 874 (January 2014): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.874.9.
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The aim of the study was to analyze the superhard anti-wear diamond-like carbon coatings produced by Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (PACVD) and Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). The a-C:H and a-C:H:W coatings were deposited on steel elements operating under friction conditions. The analysis involved comparing the tribological properties of coated metal elements with those of uncoated elements. It was essential to analyze how the coating composition and structure influence the tribological behaviour of elements under dry and lubrication friction conditions. The coating structure was analyzed by observing the topography of the surface and the cross-sections using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were employed to determine the elemental composition and thickness of the coatings. The tribological tests were performed applying a ball-on-disc tribometer and using a pin-on-plate tribometer. The tribological properties were analyzed also in a micro scale using a microtribometer. Compared with the substrate material - steel, the diamond-like carbon coatings showed lower linear wear, lower friction coefficient and higher hardness.
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Wang, Hailong, Tao Zhang, Sujuan Wang, and Suet To. "Characterization of the Friction Coefficient of Aluminum Alloy 6061 in Ultra-Precision Machining." Metals 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030336.
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Aluminum alloy 6061(Al6061), an Al-Mg-Si alloy, is a precipitation-hardened alloy. The generation of precipitate affects its mechanical properties, and induces a worse surface finish during diamond cutting. The friction coefficients of the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces influence temperature rise, and are therefore important predictors of tool wear and surface integrity during the diamond cutting of Al6061. This study investigated the relationship between precipitate generation and the friction coefficients of Al6061. Groups of experiments were conducted to study the influence of temperature and heating time on the number of precipitates and the friction coefficients. The results show that the generation of AlFeSi particles induces cracks, scratch marks and pits on diamond-machined Al6061 and affects the cutting forces. Moreover, the variation trend of the friction coefficient of Al6061 under different heating conditions agrees well with that of the number of AlFeSi particles. This implies that, during ultra-precision machining of precipitation-hardened alloys, cutting-induced heat causes precipitates to form on the chips and machined surface, changing their material properties. This affects the tool-workpiece and tool–chip contact conditions and the mechanisms of chip formation and surface generation in ultra-precision machining.
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Peng, De-Xing, and Yuan Kang. "Wear behavior of ceramic powder and nano-diamond cladding on carbon steel surface." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2011-0101.
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Purpose – Thick composite claddings of carbides on a metal matrix are ideal for use in components that are subject to severe abrasive wear. It is a metal matrix composite (MMC) that is reinforced by an appropriate ceramic phase and nano-diamond cladding to reduce friction and to protect the opposing surface. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This work evaluated the wear performance of carbon steel cladded with TiC/nano-diamond powders by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method. The microstructures, chemical compositions, and wear characteristics of cladded surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Findings – The cladding was uniform, continuous, and almost defect-free, and particles were evenly distributed throughout the cladding layer. The results of wear test indicate that the friction coefficient of the TiC+1.5% nano-diamond cladding is lower than that of AISI 1020 carbon steel. Thus, the wear scar area of the TiC+1.5% nano-diamond cladding is only one-tenth of the AISI 1020 carbon steel. Originality/value – The experiments in this study confirm that, by reducing friction and anti-wear, the cladding layer prepared using the proposed methods can prolong machinery operating life.
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Watanabe, Shuichi, Shojiro Miyake, and Masao Murakawa. "Tribological Behavior of Cubic Boron Nitride Film Sliding Against Diamond." Journal of Tribology 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831527.
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Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) film was deposited onto a silicon substrate by means of a magnetically enhanced plasma ion plating method utilizing a hot cathode plasma discharge in parallel magnetic field. In this study, the friction and wear behaviors of the c-BN film, particularly when it came into sliding contact with diamond, were investigated using a reciprocating tribometer in an applied normal load range of 0.1 ~ 4.9 N. The results showed that the friction coefficient of the c-BN film sliding against the diamond indenter tended to decrease as the load increased, and was very low, exhibiting values of 0.03 ~ 0.065 at the maximum load of 4.9 N. Furthermore, the study confirmed that the friction coefficient of annealed c-BN film was lower than that of as-deposited c-BN film throughout the whole load range. Judging from the results of comparable investigations in which c-BN film came into contact with other materials such as c-BN compact, SiC and stainless steel, the wear performance and peeling resistance of the c-BN film proved to be significantly better in the case of contact with diamond.
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Idris, Mohd Hasbullah, and Mohd Shamsul Husin. "Effect of Friction Stir Welding pin Shape on Mechanical Properties of AA6061 Alloy Weldment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.1309.
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The present study is aimed to determine the effect of friction stir welding pin; square and diamond shape on mechanical properties of butt joint AA6061 weldment. Welding was carried out at different plunge depths of 0.0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mm together with rotation and transverse speeds of 500 rpm and 40 mm/min, respectively. Material flow, tensile strength and hardness of the weldment were evaluated. The results indicated that joint properties were significantly affected by tool design. It was found that material flow was higher for diamond pin tool compared to that of square pin resulting in considerable increased in tensile strength of the joint. In addition, the highest tensile strength was obtained on the samples welded with square shape pin at 0.4 mm plunge depth whilst the lowest was by diamond shape at the plunge depth of 0.0 mm. Regardless of pin shape and plunge depth; asymmetrical hardness distribution was observed for all weldments. The highest hardness was found to be close to the weld line produced by the diamond shaped pin at 0.0 mm plunge depth.
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Chen, Yi Qing, and Liang Chi Zhang. "Phase Transformation and Stress Distribution in Polished PCD Composites." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.400.
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With the aid of the Raman spectroscopy, this paper investigates the phase transformation and residual stress distribution in surfaces of polycrystalline diamond composites polished by dynamic friction technique. To clarify the contribution of phase transformations to residual stresses, the study focused on the surface which was incompletely polished such that the transformed phases remained. It was found that amorphous non-diamond carbon and amorphous graphite phase appeared in grain boundaries, but pristine diamond phase was predominant within gain areas. The residual stresses vary across the polished surfaces and the maximum stress locates at the grain boundaries.
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Zhang, Jian Guo, Ben Wang, Fang Hong Sun, and Hang Gao. "Improvement on the Cutting Performance of CVD Diamond Coated Drills in Drilling CFRP." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.366.
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Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is difficult to machine because of the extremely abrasive nature of the carbon fibers and its low thermal conductivity. CVD diamond films have many excellent properties such as wonderful wear resistance, high thermal conductivity and low friction coefficient, therefore depositing diamond films on the surface of drills is thought to be an effective way to elongate the lifetime of drills and improve the cutting performance. In this study, diamond films are deposited on the WC-Co drill using hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. The results of characterization by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectrum indicate that the fabricated CVD diamond coated drill is covered with a layer of uniform and high-purity diamond films. The cutting performance of as-fabricated CVD diamond coated drill is evaluated in dry drilling CFRP, comparing with the uncoated WC-Co drill. The results demonstrate that the CVD diamond coated drill exhibits much stronger wear resistance. Its flank wear is about 50μm after drilling 30 holes, about one-third of that of WC-Co drill. Machining quality of the exit and internal wall of drilled holes shows better surface finish obtained by coated drill, which suggests that CVD diamond coated tool has great advantages in drilling CFRP.
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He, Yun, Fanghong Sun, and Xuelin Lei. "Optimization of depositing uniform and wear-resistant diamond films on massive mechanical seals." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-02-2017-0028.
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Purpose This study aims to obtain diamond-coated mechanical seals with improved sealing performance and considerable cost. To achieve this purpose, the study focuses on depositing uniform, wear-resistant and easily polished diamond coatings on massive mechanical seals in a large-scale vacuum chamber. Design/methodology/approach The computational fluid dynamics simulation test and its corresponding deposition experiment are carried out to improve the uniformity of diamond films on massive mechanical seals. The polishing properties and sealing performance of mechanical seals coated with three different diamond films (microcrystalline diamond [MCD], nanocrystalline diamond [NCD] and microcrystalline/nanocrystalline diamond [MNCD]) and uncoated mechanical seals are comparatively studied using the polishing tests and dynamic seal tests to obtain the optimized diamond coating type on the mechanical seals. Findings The substrate rotation and four gas outlets distribution are helpful for depositing uniform diamond coatings on massive mechanical seals. The MNCD-coated mechanical seal shows the advantages of high polishing efficiency in the initial polishing process and excellent wear resistance and self-lubrication property in the follow-up polishing period because of its unique composite diamond film structures. The MNCD-coated mechanical seal shows the longest working life under dry friction condition, about 14, 1.27 and 1.9 times of that for the uncoated, MCD and NCD coated mechanical seals, respectively. Originality/value The effect of substrate rotation and gas outlets distribution on temperature and gas flow field during diamond deposition procedure is simulated. The MNCD-coated mechanical seal exhibits a superior sealing performance compared with the MCD-coated, NCD-coated and uncoated mechanical seals, which is helpful for decreasing the operating system shut-down frequency and saving operating energy consumption.
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Meng, Xiang Qin, Wu Jun Fu, Bing Wang, and Cheng Tao Yang. "Preparation and Mechanical Characterization of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films on Aluminum Oxide Substrates." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 2419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.2419.
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Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films were prepared on polycrystalline aluminum oxide (Al2O3) substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) technique using Ar/CH4/CO2 plasma. The main objective is to study the structure and mechanical properties of the NCD films. The NCD films micrograph were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atom force microscopy (AFM). The structure and phase composition of the films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and visible Raman spectroscopy. Friction testing machine was used to test the friction coefficient of the films. It was found that the diamond films possess better structure and smooth surface. Compared to Al2O3 substrates, the friction coefficient of the NCD films was smaller and the wear resistance was improved significantly.
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Stoyanov, Pantcho, Rolf Merz, Markus Stricker, Michael Kopnarski, and Martin Dienwiebel. "Achieving Ultra-Low Friction with Diamond/Metal Systems in Extreme Environments." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 3791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143791.
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In the search for achieving ultra-low friction for applications in extreme environments, we evaluate the interfacial processes of diamond/tungsten sliding contacts using an on-line macro-tribometer and a micro-tribometer in an ultra-high vacuum. The coefficient of friction for the tests with the on-line tribometer remained considerably low for unlubricated sliding of tungsten, which correlated well with the relatively low wear rates and low roughness on the wear track throughout the sliding. Ex situ analysis was performed by means of XPS and SEM-FIB in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of low friction and low-wear sliding. The analysis did not reveal any evidence of tribofilm or transferfilm formation on the counterface, indicating the absence of significant bonding between the diamond and tungsten surfaces, which correlated well with the low-friction values. The minimal adhesive interaction and material transfer can possibly be explained by the low initial roughness values as well as high cohesive bonding energies of the two materials. The appearance of the wear track as well as the relatively higher roughness perpendicular to the sliding indicated that abrasion was the main wear mechanism. In order to elucidate the low friction of this tribocouple, we performed micro-tribological experiments in ultra-high vacuum conditions. The results show that the friction coefficient was reduced significantly in UHV. In addition, subsequently to baking the chamber, the coefficient of friction approached ultra-low values. Based on the results obtained in this study, the diamond/tungsten tribocouple seems promising for tribological interfaces in spacecraft systems, which can improve the durability of the components.
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Zahid, Rehan, Riaz Ahmad Mufti, Mubashir Gulzar, Masjuki Bin Haji Hassan, Abdullah Alabdulkarem, Mahendra Varman, Md Abul Kalam, Nurin Wahidah Binti Mohd Zulkifli, and Robiah Yunus. "Tribological compatibility analysis of conventional lubricant additives with palm trimethylolpropane ester (TMP) and tetrahedral amorphous diamond-like carbon coating (ta-C)." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 8 (December 5, 2017): 999–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117746803.
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Modern industrial applications involve rigorous operating conditions due to which lubricant either slips out of the contact or its thin layer resides between the interacting surfaces. Deposition of diamond-like carbon coatings and using lubricants capable of physically adsorbing on the interacting surfaces can significantly improve tribological performance. In this study, tribological compatibility of glycerol mono-oleate, molybdenum dithiocarbamate and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate with palm trimethylolpropane ester and tetrahedral amorphous diamond-like carbon coating has been investigated using universal wear testing machine. For comparison, additive-free and formulated versions of polyalphaolefin were used. Moreover, spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate mechanisms responsible for a particular tribological behavior. Among base oils, trimethylolpropane ester proved to be more effective in enhancing friction performance and mitigating wear of contacts when one of the interacting surfaces was ferrous-based. Self-mated tetrahedral amorphous diamond-like carbon coating surfaces resulted in lowest values of friction and wear coefficient of balls.
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Yamaguchi, Keishi, Minoru Ota, Kai Egashira, Hirotaka Miwa, Yoshiaki Onchi, and Kenichi Tanada. "Mirror-Like Surface Finishing of PCD by Fixed Abrasive Polishing." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.139.
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Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) has excellent properties such as high hardness, high chemical inertness, high wear resistance and a low friction coefficient. Thus, it has been expected to be applied to used in various mechanical parts such as sliding parts. However, diamond is difficult to machine owing to its high hardness and chemical inertness. Therefore, a highly efficient and high-quality machining process is required for PCD. In this study, the authors developed fixed abrasive polishing tools for the mirror-like surface finishing of PCD that contain mechanochemical abrasive grains with diamond grains. As a result of fixed abrasive polishing experiments, it was clarified that a mirror-like surface can be obtained by fixed abrasive polishing using a tool containing SiO2 and diamond abrasives. Moreover, it was found that the removal efficiency can be increased under a high-temperature condition.
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Luo, Yue Hao, De Yuan Zhang, and Hua Wei Chen. "Experimental Research on Improving Wear Resistance of Coating Surface by Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.9.
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Magnetron sputtering metallic or non-metallic materials on epoxy resin coating surface can effectively reduce the friction, improve the wear resistance and inhibit the abrasion, loss and so on. Sputtering Ti/C on the epoxy resin coating can modify the surface, it is proved that the friction can be reduced and wear resistance can be improved on different levels by the experimental results, and in this paper, the mechanism of friction reduction and wear resistance improvement is also investigated and researched comprehensively. By analysis, the layered structure produced by sputtering C can play an important role of lubricating, and the diamond film or diamond-like carbon film can exist on the coating surface, which can play an important role of wear resistance. This study lays the foundation for research on the modification of coating surface.
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Huang, Jen Ching, Ho Chang, and Hui Ti Ling. "The Nanostructure Fabrication on Conductive Diamond-like Carbon Thin Film by Nano-Oxidation Technique." Advanced Materials Research 939 (May 2014): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.939.671.
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This paper mainly focuses in the use of an atomic force microscope, research about the nanooxidation technique of conductive diamond-like carbon thin film in the atmospheric environment. The hardness, high wear resistance and chemical stability of diamond-like carbon thin film is high, and coefficient of friction is low, it is very suitable as a mold material for nanoscale mold. However, tool can only use a diamond cutter to machine the high hardness diamond-like carbon by traditional hard machining method, and tool life is not long. To overcome this drawback, the paper proposed an atomic force microscope (AFM) as a platform, a conductive AFM probe for tool under atmospheric conditions, and imposed nanooxidation technique on conductive diamond-like carbon thin film using electroluminescent etching to carry out nanofabrication processing. During the nanofabrication process, by changing the various processing parameters, such as applied voltage, repeated nanooxidation times and probe speed, etc., in order to understand the effect of processing parameters. The experimental results show, the nanooxidation technique can be carried out nanofabrication on conductive diamond-like carbon thin film successfully. And found that applied voltage, repeated nanooxidation times and probe speed all for the groove depth on the conductive diamond-like carbon thin films have significant influence. Additionally, this study successfully created a nanopattern. Therefore, the adequate machinability of DLC coating was achieved successfully in this study, indicating a promising application in the fabrication of nanopatterns on a nanoscale.
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Cao, Zhimin, Wenjun Zong, Junjie Zhang, Chunlei He, Jiaohu Huang, Wei Liu, and Zhiyong Wei. "Molecular dynamics investigation of frictional decomposition behavior of HMX-tool interface in diamond cutting of HMX crystals." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 73, no. 3 (February 22, 2021): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-12-2020-0465.
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Purpose This paper aims to reveal the tribochemical reaction mechanism on the nano-cutting interface between HMX crystal and diamond tool. Design/methodology/approach Molecular dynamics simulation of HMX crystal nano-cutting by the reactive force field is carried out in this paper. The affinity of activated atoms and friction damage at the different interface have been well identified by comparing two cutting systems with diamond tool or indenter. The analyses of reaction kinetics, decomposition products and reaction pathways are performed to reveal the underlying atomistic origins of tribocatalytic reaction on the nano-cutting interface. Findings The HMX crystals only undergo damage and removal in the indenter cutting, while they appear to accelerate thermal decomposition in the diamond cutting. the C-O affinity is proved to be the intrinsic reason of the tribocatalytic reaction of the HMX-diamond cutting system. The reaction activation energy of the HMX crystals in the diamond cutting system is lower, resulting in a rapid increase in the decomposition degree. The free O atoms can induce the asymmetric ring-opening mode and change the decomposition pathways, which is the underlying atomistic origins of the thermal stability of the HMX-diamond cutting system. Originality/value This paper describes a method for analyzing the tribochemical behavior of HMX and diamond, which is beneficial to study the thermal stability in the nano-cutting of HMX.
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Chen, Su Lin, Bin Shen, and Fang Hong Sun. "Long-Duration Frictional and Wear Performance of the Diamond/DLC Bilayered Film under Water-Lubricating Condition." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.429.
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In the present study, the long-duration frictional and wear performance of the MCD/DLC (Micro-crystalline Diamond / Diamond-like Carbon) bilayered film are investigated under water-lubricating conditions. All friction tests are carried out on a rotation “ball-on-plate” tribotester where the MCD/DLC is slid against with a Φ 6.0 mm Si3N4ball and the whole sliding contact is immersed in deionized water during the sliding process. A full factorial experimental plan is conducted with four sliding velocities ranging from 0.126 to 0.503 m/s and four normal loads from 2 to 8 N. The duration of each sliding process is 24 h. For the sake of comparability, conventional MCD and NCD (nanocrystalline Diamond) films are also adopted under each sliding condition. The results show that the stable coefficient of friction (COF) of MCD/DLC film is ranging from 0.025 to 0.12 under the water-lubricating condition, comparable with the NCD film but much lower than that of single-layered MCD film; in contrast, the top-layered DLC film does not show beneficial effect on enhancing the sliding stability of single-layered diamond films. Moreover, its specific wear rate is estimated at the level of 10-8mm3N-1m-1, higher than that of MCD or NCD films. The sliding interface is under boundary lubrication condition, high normal load causes more prominent mechanical interactions between two contacted surfaces and thus produces a smoother and cleaner equilibrium sliding interface, which finally results in the decreasing tendency of stable COF as the load rises. Comparatively, the sliding velocity does not exhibit evident influence on the stable COF of the MCD/DLC film.
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Kang, Ren Ke, Shang Gao, Zhu Ji Jin, and Dong Ming Guo. "Study on Grinding Performance of Soft Abrasive Wheel for Silicon Wafer." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.529.
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With the development of IC manufacturing technology, the machining precision and surface quality of silicon wafer are proposed much higher, but now the planarization techniques of silicon wafer using free abrasive and bonded abrasive have the disadvantage of poor profile accuracy, environmental pollution, deep damage layer, etc. A soft abrasive wheel combining chemical and medical effect was developed in this paper, it could get super smooth, low damage wafer surface by utilizing mechanical friction of abrasives and chemical reaction among abrasives, additives, silicon. A comparison experiment between #3000 soft abrasive wheel and #3000 diamond abrasive wheel was given to study on the grinding performance of soft abrasive wheel. The results showed that: wafer surface roughness ground by soft abrasive wheel was sub-nanometer and its sub-surface damage was only 0.01µm amorphous layer, which were much better than silicon wafer ground by diamond abrasive wheel, but material removal rate and grinding ratio of soft abrasive wheel were lower than diamond wheel. The wafer surface ground by soft abrasive wheel included Ce4+, Ce3+, Si4+, Ca2+ and Si, which indicated that the chemical reaction really occurred during grinding process.
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Shen, Bin, Fang Hong Sun, and Zhi Ming Zhang. "Comparative Study on the Tribological Performance of HFCVD Diamond and DLC Films under Water Lubricating Condition." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.155.
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The tribological performance of conventional microcrystalline diamond (MCD) film and diamond-like carbon (DLC) film is investigated comparatively under water lubricating condition. The MCD and DLC film are deposited on cobalt cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrate using the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method and the vacuum arc discharge with a graphite cathode respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), white light interferometer, and Raman spectra are employed to characterize as-deposited MCD and DLC samples. The friction tests are carried out on a ball-on-plate reciprocating friction tester, where the sliding process is conducted under water lubricating condition. Silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, ball-bearing steel and copper are used as counterpart materials. The results indicate that DLC film always exhibits lower friction coefficient than MCD film under water lubricating condition, except the case of sliding against the silicon nitride, in which DLC film is worn out very rapidly and thus leads to the high friction coefficient. The wear resistance of DLC film under water lubricating condition is significantly poorer than that of MCD film. While sliding against silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, ball-bearing steel and copper, its wear rate is calculated as 3.67´10-7mm3N-1m-1, 9.31´10-9mm3N-1m-1, 3.54´10-7mm3N-1m-1, and 4.97´10-8mm3N-1m-1respectively. Comparatively, no measurable wear track can be found on the worn surface of MCD films.
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Saha, Sandip. "Numerical Study of Air-Flow Phenomena Through a Baffled Rectangular Micro-Channel." Journal of Modeling and Optimization 13, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jmo.2021.13.2.51.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of turbulent airflow phenomena in a rectangular micro-channel in presence of two plane shaped (type-1) and diamond shaped (type-2) baffles which will help to develop various heat exchanger models. Finite volume method has been used to solve the governing equations and the FLUENT software has been employed to visualize the simulation results. For both the baffles, the profile of flow structure, normalized velocity profile, normalized friction factor and average Nusselt number have been investigated with the variations of Reynolds number ranges between [10,000-50,000]. In terms of fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena, it has been found that in the presence of diamond shaped baffles (type-2) are more convenient than plane shaped baffles.
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Jiang, Feng, L. Yan, Y. M. Rong, and Y. P. Liu. "Mechanical Modeling of Plowing Process and Experimental Validation." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.241.
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In this study, mechanical model of plowing process considering material flow process was built. Dynamic material model of workpiece (AISI D2) was included in this plowing model. The friction between diamond indenter against AISI D2 steel was obtained by the ball-on-plate test. The scratch tests with diamond indenter against AISI D2 steel were performed. The scratch morphology was investigated by white light interferometer. The scratch forces in the different loads were calculated by the mechanical model of plowing process. The calculated scratch forces showed good agreement with experimental results.
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Nam, Ki Woo, and Soo Chul Lee. "A Study on Wear Properties of GCV Material with DLC Coating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.7.
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Compacted vermicular (CV) graphitization cast iron is the name given to graphitization cast iron where the shape of the graphite looks like a vermicular. Castability and the thermal conductivity of CV graphitization cast iron is similar to those of Grey iron, while the strength of CV graphitization cast iron is similar to that of ductile iron. The thin film of diamond-like carbon (DLC) is one of the amorphous carbon thin films. It has various characteristics which are similar to those of diamond, such as high hardness, lubricity, abrasion resistance, chemical stability, electrical insulating properties and optical transparency. In this study, wear characteristics of Graphite Compacted Vermicular (GCV) material were investigated in accordance with changes in DLC coating time. The obtained results are as follows: the microstructure of GCV340 showed complex tissue with eccentric graphite and spherical graphite. The friction coefficient shows under 0.2 in all specimens. After enduring the wear test until 2000 m, the coating layer of the DLC coating specimen of 90 minute hardly showed any damage. It had only partial damage after taking the wear test until 2000 m. The friction coefficient was also the lowest.
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Xiang-ping, CHENG, ZHANG You-liang, and KANG Lin-ping. "Study on Sealing Performance of Oil Seal with Micro-pores Textured in Rotary Shaft Surface." MATEC Web of Conferences 327 (2020): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032703002.
Full textAbstract:
In order to improve the reliability and the long life cycle of the lip seals, comprehensive consideration of the liquid film cavitation and JFO mass conservation boundary conditions, the geometry model of the oil seal with micro-diamonds textured on the shaft surface is given, and its mathematical model is built, the relevant numerical calculation method is used, eventually that the film pressure distribution and the micro diamond pores structure parameters effect on the seal performance are obtained under the different operating conditions. The results showed that the dynamic pressure effect caused by the diamond pores can make the oil film pressure field between the axial surface and the lip produced regular axial and radial wave change. At the same time, the change of working conditions strengthen or weaken the change law of the oil film pressure field, so which make the reliability of the liquid pressure, lubricating property and pump suction effect also change accordingly. The size, shape and pores direction of the micro-diamonds texture have great influence on the oil seal performance and lubrication characteristics, which can help to reduce the leakage rate, control the pump suction direction, stable the liquid pressure and reduce the friction. In order to improve the stability of the liquid film and pump suction effect, reduce the leakage rate, friction and wear, the axial surface micro-diamond pores texture of which the cone width ratio is 0.4-0.6, the pores depth is 1.5-4.5μm and the tilt angle is 40°-50° shall be selected for the oil seals.
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Wang, Z. L., J. Bentley, R. E. Clausing, L. Heatherly, and L. L. Horton. "Reflection electron microscopy of as-grown diamond surfaces." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1006–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150861.
Full textAbstract:
It has been found that the abrasion of diamond-on-diamond depends on the crystal orientation. For a {100} face, the friction coefficient for sliding along <011> is much higher than that along <001>. For a {111} face, the abrasion along <11> is different from that in the reverse direction <>. To interpret these effects, a microcleavage mechanism was proposed in which the {100} and {111} surfaces were assumed to be composed of square-based pyramids and trigonal protrusions, respectively. Reflection electron microscopy (REM) has been applied to image the microstructures of these diamond surfaces.{111} surfaces of synthetic diamond:The synthetic diamonds used in this study were obtained from the De Beers Company. They are in the as-grown condition with grain sizes of 0.5-1 mm without chemical treatment or mechanical polishing. By selecting a strong reflected beam in the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern, the dark-field REM image of the surface is formed (Fig. 1).