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1
Chinaei, Hamid Reza. "Learning Dialogue POMDP Model Components from Expert Dialogues." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29690/29690.pdf.
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Un système de dialogue conversationnel doit aider les utilisateurs humains à atteindre leurs objectifs à travers des dialogues naturels et efficients. C'est une tache toutefois difficile car les langages naturels sont ambiguës et incertains, de plus le système de reconnaissance vocale (ASR) est bruité. À cela s'ajoute le fait que l'utilisateur humain peut changer son intention lors de l'interaction avec la machine. Dans ce contexte, l'application des processus décisionnels de Markov partiellement observables (POMDPs) au système de dialogue conversationnel nous a permis d'avoir un cadre formel pour représenter explicitement les incertitudes, et automatiser la politique d'optimisation. L'estimation des composantes du modelé d'un POMDP-dialogue constitue donc un défi important, car une telle estimation a un impact direct sur la politique d'optimisation du POMDP-dialogue.
Cette thèse propose des méthodes d'apprentissage des composantes d'un POMDPdialogue basées sur des dialogues bruités et sans annotation. Pour cela, nous présentons des méthodes pour apprendre les intentions possibles des utilisateurs à partir des dialogues, en vue de les utiliser comme états du POMDP-dialogue, et l'apprendre un modèle du maximum de vraisemblance à partir des données, pour transition du POMDP. Car c'est crucial de réduire la taille d'état d'observation, nous proposons également deux modèles d'observation: le modelé mot-clé et le modelé intention. Dans les deux modèles, le nombre d'observations est réduit significativement tandis que le rendement reste élevé, particulièrement dans le modele d'observation intention. En plus de ces composantes du modèle, les POMDPs exigent également une fonction de récompense. Donc, nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes pour l'apprentissage du modele de récompenses, un apprentissage qui est basé sur le renforcement inverse (IRL). En particulier, nous proposons POMDP-IRL-BT qui fonctionne sur les états de croyance disponibles dans les dialogues du corpus. L'algorithme apprend le modele de récompense par l'estimation du modele de transition de croyance, semblable aux modèles de transition des états dans un MDP (processus décisionnel de Markov). Finalement, nous appliquons les méthodes proposées à un domaine de la santé en vue d'apprendre un POMDP-dialogue et ce essentiellement à partir de dialogues réels, bruités, et sans annotations.<br>Spoken dialogue systems should realize the user intentions and maintain a natural and efficient dialogue with users. This is however a difficult task as spoken language is naturally ambiguous and uncertain, and further the automatic speech recognition (ASR) output is noisy. In addition, the human user may change his intention during the interaction with the machine. To tackle this difficult task, the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) framework has been applied in dialogue systems as a formal framework to represent uncertainty explicitly while supporting automated policy solving. In this context, estimating the dialogue POMDP model components is a signifficant challenge as they have a direct impact on the optimized dialogue POMDP policy.
This thesis proposes methods for learning dialogue POMDP model components using noisy and unannotated dialogues. Speciffically, we introduce techniques to learn the set of possible user intentions from dialogues, use them as the dialogue POMDP states, and learn a maximum likelihood POMDP transition model from data. Since it is crucial to reduce the observation state size, we then propose two observation models: the keyword model and the intention model. Using these two models, the number of observations is reduced signifficantly while the POMDP performance remains high particularly in the intention POMDP. In addition to these model components, POMDPs also require a reward function. So, we propose new algorithms for learning the POMDP reward model from dialogues based on inverse reinforcement learning (IRL). In particular, we propose the POMDP-IRL-BT algorithm (BT for belief transition) that works on the belief states available in the dialogues. This algorithm learns the reward model by estimating a belief transition model, similar to MDP (Markov decision process) transition models. Ultimately, we apply the proposed methods on a healthcare domain and learn a dialogue POMDP essentially from real unannotated and noisy dialogues.
2
Lynn, Laura. "Dialogue as performance. Performance as dialogue." [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2008. http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1225369866.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Antioch University, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed March 25, 2010). Advisor: Carolyn Kenny, Ph.D. "A dissertation submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2008."--from the title page. Includes bibliographical references (p. 250-260).
3
Hermannsdóttir, Sigríður Helga. "A dialogue manager for a spoken dialogue system." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22529.
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One way to reduce the complexity of the speech recognition is to use syntactic, semantic and pragmatic information to predict the next input of the user. In spoken dialogue systems pragmatic information can include knowledge about the dialogue domain, dialogue context and dialogue focus. This thesis describes a dialogue manager for a spoken database retrieval system. The main design objectives were to create a tool that would facilitate the design of human-computer dialogues and to provide a language model to the speech recognizer containing the predictions of the next utterance. The dialogue model is data driven and the dialogue manager is integrated into a generic dialogue system. The role of the dialogue manager is to control the interaction between the user and the computer. When the user queries the database, the dialogue manager analyzes the input and if necessary, obtains the information still needed to formulate a valid query to the database.
4
Hong, Ran-E. "Le dialogue chez pascal : de la forme dialoguee a la dialectique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040257.
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Le probleme du dialogue chez pascal se fonde sur le constat d'un paradoxe: celui de l'absence quasi totale de forme dialoguee si l'on exclut quelques fragments de l'apologie et pourtant omnipresence du dialogue que ce soit sous forme de correspondance ou d'apostrophe. Le dialogue est partout et il est nulle part. Le dialogue chez pascal peut tout d'abord s'expliquer par les donnees de la personnalite de son auteur; ainsi il est revelateur de son temperament dialogique puisque aucune ligne de toute l'oeuvre de pascal n'a ete ecrite sans avoir present a l'esprit un interlocuteur. Le dialogue, c'est encore un certain type d'ecriture qui prend pour point de depart la parole; partant du concret et du reel, le style de pascal est celui de l'honnete homme. Enfin, le dialogue est le choix delibere d'une methode de persuasion ou entre l'esthetique et la recherche, pascal peut opter pour les deux a la fois puisque l'un se calque sur l'autre a s'y meprendre. Mais qu'il s'agisse d'un interlocuteur reel ou fictif, le dialogue se definit d'emblee comme deperdition de soi et valorisation d'autrui. Il vise a la reduction d'une inegalite. Mais l'art du dialogue ne consiste pas a faire sentir a son interlocuteur l'inegalite preexistante, mais bien au contraire a mettre celui-ci un peu au-dessus de soi. Ainsi le dialogue est toujours relation d'amour ou l'un donne plus qu'il ne recoit.
5
Keňová, Ilona. "Body Dialogue." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze. Hudební fakulta AMU. Knihovna, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-78838.
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Cubie, David Livingstone Jr. "Inner Dialogue." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1209230788.
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Huggins, Matthew D. "Relational dialogue." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130695.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2021<br>Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-81).<br>Conversational agents are increasingly common in everyday life. Dialogue with these agents is often limited to the task at hand, and is not focused on conversation as a shared social experience. Previous work has demonstrated that strengthening the user-agent relationship increases the agent's efficacy, and leads to a more enjoyable user experience. I present a relationship-driven dialogue system that aims to strengthen and expand the relationship between the agent and user. The system uses a knowledge graph to represent relevant information about the world and the agent's and user's preferences. When choosing a response, a novel probabilistic approach, called MRF-Chat, models the mutual knowledge of the agent and the user, as well as the contextual relevance of concepts in candidate responses. In human evaluations, the system was considered significantly more collaborative, engaging, and trusted by human partners in a semi-structured interaction on food preferences.<br>by Matthew D. Huggins.<br>M. Eng.<br>M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
8
Lambie, Anthony Graham. "Dialogue understanding and dialogue design : from science to engineering." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394354.
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Muralidhar, Anjali. "Understanding dialogue: sentiment and topic analysis of dialogue transcripts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85449.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 52-53).<br>The field of natural language processing has had success in analyzing sentiment and topics on written text, but similar analysis on dialogue is more difficult due to the fragmented and informal nature of speech. This work explores sentiment and topic analysis on data from the Switchboard dialogue corpus, as well as a dataset of recorded dialogues between parents and children while reading an interactive e-book. The goal was to be able to identify the emotion and mood of the dialogue in order to make inferences about what parents and children generally talk about when reading the book because conversations between an adult and child while reading a book can greatly contribute to the learning and development of young children.<br>by Anjali Muralidhar.<br>M. Eng.
10
Hong, Ran-E. "Le Dialogue chez Pascal de la forme dialoguée à la dialectique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376059618.
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Dias, St?phane Rodrigues. "Agency via dialogue : a pragmatic, dialogue-based approach to agents." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6589.
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Previous issue date: 2016-01-22<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq<br>This work addresses human communicative agency. The competence to instantiate a set of communicative procedures is taken as a component of human rationality that meets a key role of regulating our cognitive environment (a set of mental states, centrally assumptions and emotions), in order to maximize practical goals and sociability. The linguistic-inferential approach offered here for such scope of rationality covers two levels: cognitive and practical, treated hierarchically, according to the assumed regulations. We consider that the cognitive apparatus (the inferential, representational and metarepresentational basis), along with the linguistic apparatus (computation plus interpretable expressions), allows us to operate from the most basic levels of linguistic processing to higher levels (where agents consider assumptions about other minds). In the practical domain, we consider that the linguistic and communicative behavior is used by agents to affect mental states and others? courses of action, thus being in the basis of our
social cognition. In this scenario, we not only interact with agents, but we also create a social agency via language. We, therefore, consider a communicative agency framework in which acts are performed within a dialogical structure. The general thesis is that communication requires the use of skills that incorporate practical rationality parameters. This regulation would be dependent on a cognitive and practical structure of agency in which human cognition represents three types of agents: individuals, group members and groups (collectives or representatives). Each of these levels presents characteristic features of communicative agency. In all of them, however, there is the possibility of disagreement among agents, cognitive or practical, in dialogue situations. We illustrate this aspect with a scenario of conflict between agents that are supposed to reach a peace agreement. The illustrative analysis focuses on real negotiation dialogues between group members and representatives of the State of Israel and of Palestine. We observe how practical goals of agents of these types regulate their cognitive and dialogical goals. As a
result, we present an alternative proposal to the standard scenario of negotiation, or conflict mediation. As a theoretical benefit, ad hoc pragmatic issues (relevance to the individual qua agent, conflicts between agents) are given prominence and effective treatment. As a practical benefit, the model can be applied to the area of conflict mediation, given the downsizing of a biosocial disposition: our cognitive states are particularly affected by stimuli from a class of agents (artists), with potential effect on individual and collective agencies.<br>Este trabalho tem como tema ag?ncia comunicativa humana. A compet?ncia para instanciar um
conjunto de procedimentos comunicativos ? tomada como um componente da racionalidade
humana que cumpre a fun??o central de regula??o de nosso ambiente cognitivo (um conjunto de
estados mentais, destacadamente suposi??es e emo??es) tendo em vista maximizar metas
pr?ticas e sociabilidade. A abordagem lingu?stico-inferencial desse escopo de racionalidade que
oferecemos abarca dois n?veis: cognitivo e pr?tico, tratados hierarquicamente em fun??o das
regula??es supostas. Primeiramente, consideramos que o aparato cognitivo (base inferencial,
representacional e matarrepresentacional), junto com o aparato lingu?stico (computa??o mais
express?es interpret?veis), nos permite operar do n?vel mais b?sico de processamento lingu?stico
a n?veis mais altos (em que se consideram suposi??es sobre outras mentes). No dom?nio pr?tico,
por sua vez, consideramos que o comportamento lingu?stico-comunicativo ? usado por agentes
para agir sobre estados mentais e/ou cursos de a??o de outros, estando na base de nossa
cogni??o social. Nesse dom?nio, n?o apenas interagimos com agentes como tamb?m criamos uma
ag?ncia social via linguagem. Consideramos, assim, um quadro de ag?ncia comunicativa em que
atos s?o performados dentro de uma estrutura dial?gica. A tese geral ? a de que a comunica??o
exige o uso de habilidades que incorporam par?metros de racionalidade pr?tica. Essa regula??o
estaria dependente de uma estrutura cognitiva e pr?tica de ag?ncia, segundo a qual a cogni??o
humana representaria agentes de tr?s tipos: indiv?duos, membros de grupos (integrantes) e
grupos (agentes coletivos ou representantes). Cada um desses n?veis apresenta tra?os de ag?ncia
comunicativa caracter?sticos. Em todos eles, por?m, h? a possibilidade do desacordo, cognitivo
ou pr?tico, em situa??es de di?logo. Ilustramos esse quadro com um cen?rio de conflito entre
agentes que supostamente visam a chegar a um acordo de paz. A an?lise ilustrativa se foca em
di?logos reais de negocia??o entre membros de grupos e representantes do Estado de Israel e da
Palestina que est?o encarregados do processo de paz. Observamos como os objetivos pr?ticos de
agentes desses tipos regulam seus objetivos cognitivos e dial?gicos. Como consequ?ncia,
apresentamos uma proposta alternativa ao cen?rio padr?o de negocia??o, ou media??o de
conflito. Como benef?cio te?rico, quest?es pragm?ticas ad hoc (relev?ncia para indiv?duo qua
agente, conflitos entre agentes) recebem tratamento e destaque. Como benef?cio pr?tico, o
modelo pode ser aplicado na ?rea de media??o de conflitos, dado o redimensionamento de uma
disposi??o biossocial: nossos estados cognitivos s?o particularmente afetados por est?mulos de
agentes de uma categoria (artistas), com potencial efeito sobre ag?ncias individuais e coletivas.
12
Frampton, Matthew. "Using Dialogue Acts in dialogue strategy learning : optimising repair strategies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2381.
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A Spoken Dialogue System's (SDS's) dialogue strategy specifies which action it will take depending on its representation of the current dialogue context. Designing it by hand involves anticipating how users will interact with the system, and/or repeated testing and refining, and so can be a difficult, time-consuming task. Since SDSs inevitably make understanding errors, a particularly important issue is how to design ``repair strategies'', the parts of the dialogue strategy which attempt to get the dialogue ``back-on-track'' following these errors. To try to produce better dialogue strategies with less time and effort, previous researchers have modelled a dialogue strategy as a sequential decision problem called a Markov Decision Process (MDP), and then applied Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms to example training dialogues to generate dialogue strategies automatically. More recent research has used training dialogues conducted with simulated rather than real users and learned which action to take in all dialogue contexts, (a ``full'' as opposed to a ``partial'' dialogue strategy) - simulated users allow more training dialogues to be generated, and the exploration of new dialogue contexts not present in an original dataset. As yet however, limited insight has been provided as to which dialogue contextual features are important to include in the MDP and why. Indeed, a full dialogue strategy has not been learned from training dialogues with a realistic probabilistic user simulation derived from real user data, and then shown to work well with real users. This thesis investigates the value of adding new linguistically-motivated contextual features to the MDP when using RL to learn full dialogue strategies for SDSs. These new features are recent Dialogue Acts (DAs). DAs indicate the role or intention of an utterance in a dialogue e.g. ``provide-information'', an utterance being a complete unit of a speaker's speech, often bounded by silence. An accurate probabilistic user simulation learned from real user data is used for generating training dialogues, and the recent DAs are shown to improve performance in testing in simulation and with real users. With real users, performance is also better than other competing learned and hand-crafted strategies. Analysis of the strategies, and further simulation experiments show how the DAs improve performance through better repair strategies. The main findings are expected to apply to SDSs in general - indeed our strategies are learned and tested on real users in different domains, (flight-booking versus tourist information). Comparisons are also made to recent research which focuses on handling understanding errors in SDSs, but which does not use RL or user simulations.
13
Dias, Stéphane Rodrigues. "Agency via dialogue: a pragmatic, dialogue-based approach to agents." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/8042.
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Previous issue date: 2016<br>This work addresses human communicative agency. The competence to instantiate a set of communicative procedures is taken as a component of human rationality that meets a key role of regulating our cognitive environment (a set of mental states, centrally assumptions and emotions), in order to maximize practical goals and sociability. The linguistic-inferential approach offered here for such scope of rationality covers two levels: cognitive and practical, treated hierarchically, according to the assumed regulations. We consider that the cognitive apparatus (the inferential, representational and metarepresentational basis), along with the linguistic apparatus (computation plus interpretable expressions), allows us to operate from the most basic levels of linguistic processing to higher levels (where agents consider assumptions about other minds). In the practical domain, we consider that the linguistic and communicative behavior is used by agents to affect mental states and others’ courses of action, thus being in the basis of our social cognition. In this scenario, we not only interact with agents, but we also create a social agency via language. We, therefore, consider a communicative agency framework in which acts are performed within a dialogical structure. The general thesis is that communication requires the use of skills that incorporate practical rationality parameters. This regulation would be dependent on a cognitive and practical structure of agency in which human cognition represents three types of agents: individuals, group members and groups (collectives or representatives).Each of these levels presents characteristic features of communicative agency. In all of them, however, there is the possibility of disagreement among agents, cognitive or practical, in dialogue situations. We illustrate this aspect with a scenario of conflict between agents that are supposed to reach a peace agreement. The illustrative analysis focuses on real negotiation dialogues between group members and representatives of the State of Israel and of Palestine. We observe how practical goals of agents of these types regulate their cognitive and dialogical goals. As a result, we present an alternative proposal to the standard scenario of negotiation, or conflict mediation. As a theoretical benefit, ad hoc pragmatic issues (relevance to the individual qua agent, conflicts between agents) are given prominence and effective treatment. As a practical benefit, the model can be applied to the area of conflict mediation, given the downsizing of a biosocial disposition: our cognitive states are particularly affected by stimuli from a class of agents (artists), with potential effect on individual and collective agencies.<br>Este trabalho tem como tema agência comunicativa humana. A competência para instanciar um conjunto de procedimentos comunicativos é tomada como um componente da racionalidade humana que cumpre a função central de regulação de nosso ambiente cognitivo (um conjunto de estados mentais, destacadamente suposições e emoções) tendo em vista maximizar metas práticas e sociabilidade. A abordagem linguístico-inferencial desse escopo de racionalidade que oferecemos abarca dois níveis: cognitivo e prático, tratados hierarquicamente em função das regulações supostas. Primeiramente, consideramos que o aparato cognitivo (base inferencial, representacional e matarrepresentacional), junto com o aparato linguístico (computação mais expressões interpretáveis), nos permite operar do nível mais básico de processamento linguístico a níveis mais altos (em que se consideram suposições sobre outras mentes). No domínio prático, por sua vez, consideramos que o comportamento linguístico-comunicativo é usado por agentes para agir sobre estados mentais e/ou cursos de ação de outros, estando na base de nossa cognição social. Nesse domínio, não apenas interagimos com agentes como também criamos uma agência social via linguagem. Consideramos, assim, um quadro de agência comunicativa em que atos são performados dentro de uma estrutura dialógica. A tese geral é a de que a comunicação exige o uso de habilidades que incorporam parâmetros de racionalidade prática. Essa regulação estaria dependente de uma estrutura cognitiva e prática de agência, segundo a qual a cognição humana representaria agentes de três tipos: indivíduos, membros de grupos (integrantes) e grupos (agentes coletivos ou representantes).Cada um desses níveis apresenta traços de agência comunicativa característicos. Em todos eles, porém, há a possibilidade do desacordo, cognitivo ou prático, em situações de diálogo. Ilustramos esse quadro com um cenário de conflito entre agentes que supostamente visam a chegar a um acordo de paz. A análise ilustrativa se foca em diálogos reais de negociação entre membros de grupos e representantes do Estado de Israel e da Palestina que estão encarregados do processo de paz. Observamos como os objetivos práticos de agentes desses tipos regulam seus objetivos cognitivos e dialógicos. Como consequência, apresentamos uma proposta alternativa ao cenário padrão de negociação, ou mediação de conflito. Como benefício teórico, questões pragmáticas ad hoc (relevância para indivíduo qua agente, conflitos entre agentes) recebem tratamento e destaque. Como benefício prático, o modelo pode ser aplicado na área de mediação de conflitos, dado o redimensionamento de uma disposição biossocial: nossos estados cognitivos são particularmente afetados por estímulos de agentes de uma categoria (artistas), com potencial efeito sobre agências individuais e coletivas.
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Wangdak, Tenzin. "The sino-tibet dialogue: prospect of the bad faith dialogue." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11459.
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The dissertation examines the state of current Sino Tibetan dialogue analyzing the early years of direct contact between Beijing and the Dalai Lama through protracted stalemate of nineties on to the current rounds of dialogue. By providing an assessment of current position of dialogue, this paper surveys the factors which are likely to impact the future dynamics of engagement under theoretical framework of the security dilemma, framing the Sino-Tibetan conflict as a dilemmatic and dynamic interplay of the Chinese Party-state and Tibetan nation. This research argues that Beijing’s mix signals in the dialogue define as bad faith justified by its diplomacy with Tibetan part throughout the process of engagement. With thorough assessment and justification of the position on the current discourse, this dissertation end with two fold prospects of the Sino Tibetan discussion and subsequent personal proposition on the importance of establishing a dialogue between two parties to settle a long standing dispute; ### O DIÁLOGO SINO-TIBETANO: PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE O DIÁLOGO DE MÁ-FÉ.
RESUMO:
Esta dissertação avalia o estado atual do diálogo Sino-Tibetano analisando os primeiros anos de contacto direto entre Pequim e o Dalai Lama através do impasse prolongado da década de noventa para os atuais rodadas de diálogo. Avaliando o diálogo atual, este trabalho faz um levantamento dos fatores que são suscetíveis de afetar as futuras dinâmicas de envolvimento de acordo com o quadro teórico do dilema de segurança, enquadrando o conflito Chinês-Tibetano como uma interação dilemática e dinâmica do Partido do Estado Chinês e a nação Tibetana. Esta pesquisa prova que os sinais mistos de Pequim no diálogo são definidos como má-fé, justificado pela sua diplomacia com a parte Tibetana durante todo o processo de envolvimento e disputa. Com uma avaliação completa e a justificação da posição do discurso atual, esta dissertação finaliza com duas perspetivas de discussão, relativamente ao Sino-Tibetano diálogo e posterior proposição pessoal sobre a importância da ocorrência de um diálogo entre os dois partidos, a fim da resolver o longa data diferendo.
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Rudnicki, Michael. "Room for dialogue." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48286.pdf.
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Gašić, Milica. "Statistical dialogue modelling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609496.
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Adams, Nicole. "An Ongoing Dialogue." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9560.
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This thesis is an attempt to reconcile the form of an idea with the form of a thing in this world to be experienced. An exploration of the meaning behind the words idea, form, making and experience begins to unite the intellect of an architect with the design of an architect. The terms are defined in the thesis and explained through the project. The thesis through the project sets out to take these terms beyond mere words and give them an opportunity to inform each other. It is this dialectic between idea, form, making and experience that I believe to be the heart of architecture.
Idea and form are inextricably tied to one another. "Which is the origin of the other?" is not as pertinent a question as "how do the two inform each other?". Ideas change from project to project as do the forms inherent in those ideas. Proceeding both idea and material form is another type of form that is immaterial and often remains unseen. It is the character which is essential to a thing. Whether it be a place or an object, it is the quality in the thing itself. This character is the instigator of idea and form. It is the architect's goal to make this inherent form perceivable.
An architect makes idea and form manifest through a concept of making. In Notes for a Theory of Making in a Time of Necessity, Giuseppe Zambonini emphasizes that "We must look not only at the quality of the material used and at the craft employed, but also at the quality of the thought process selecting and shaping the material. . .quality cannot be an intrinsic condition that belongs to the object . . . but rather it must express the intent by which it is created and therein the clarity and strength of the meaning being produced by its form" (Zambonini, 21). This quality of design can best be achieved the earlier making and materiality are involved in the design process. The questions of "what is the form of this idea?" and "how is this form to be made?" begin the relationship between idea, form and making. The immediate responses may be intuitive, but the final one is the result of numerous makings. This is why architecture is practiced.
When the question arises:"how can this form not only embody an idea but be the idea?", the dialogue takes on a greater import. The way in which a thing will be experienced starts to inform its making. "It is the process that will engage both user and observer in an active, participating relationship with the work and thereby give the work its meaning" (Zambonini, 21). It is at this point that the dialectic is fully engaged.
These four aspects simultaneously inform each other and nurture the project throughout its life, from drawing board, to construction to the various experiences that it will impart. It is not just one aspect, but these four in communion that are the architecture.<br>Master of Architecture
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Zaercher, Véronique. "Le dialogue rabelaisien." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040124.
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Ce travail consiste en une étude du dialogue rabelaisien à partir du Tiers livre (1546). Afin de déterminer le rôle et la place des procédés, la recherche a été étendue aux autres ouvrages de l'auteur, puis à des textes qui proposent des développements théoriques sur le genre du dialogue ou qui relèvent de ce dernier. En comparant le Tiers livre avec le reste de l'œuvre rabelaisienne, les principaux aspects abordés dans la première partie sont : le discours attributif (le discours direct donne lieu à une analyse spécifique des prolepses, des incises et de verbes de locution choisis ; le discours indirect est étudié du point de vue des actes de langage et du mélange des discours) et certaines modalités de l'interlocution (l'apostrophe ; les enchainements de répliques). La deuxième partie où le Tiers livre est mis en regard des textes contemporains concerne des aspects dominants de la réflexion sur le genre à cette époque : la nature des interlocuteurs et le décor, donc les questions de decorum et de mimesis ; les champs de la rhétorique et de l'argumentation à travers l'ornementation, la dialectique, les types de dialogues, l'usage de formules ou le metalexique. L'influence lucianesque est également évaluée. La convocation d'autres textes est destinée à mettre en lumière à la fois la spécificité du Tiers livre et sa conformité avec certains aspects du genre<br>This work consists of a study about Rabelaisian dialogue based on the Tiers livre (1546). With the idea of determining the place and the function of some processes, this search has been extended to other novels written by Rabelais, then to other books which give some theoretical exposition about the dialogue genre or which are linked to dialogue at large. In the comparison between the tiers livre and the other Rabelaisian books (it's our first part), the principal aspects are : direct speech (it is made up of an analysis of interpolated clauses, set phrases and specific verbs); indirect speech, which is studied according to speech acts and to the mixing of reported speech ; the use of apostrophe and the sequence of lines. In the second part, the tiers livre is compared to contemporary texts. It's about the principal subjects of the reflection on dialogue at that time: kinds of interlocutors and the scenery, that is decorum and mimesis; fields of rhetoric and argumentation through ornamentation, dialectic and sorts of dialogues; the use of set phrases and metalanguage. Lucien's influence is evaluated too. In analyzing other texts, it's important for us to show the specificity of the tiers livre and its conformity with specific aspects of the genre
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Foster, Kendal K. "Dialogue between opposites." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42145.
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<p>The value of architecture lies in our sensory
perception, our experience of the
space. If the space creates an awareness
of the present through the sensory exchange
between our body, mind, and the
architecture, then it is committed to
memory as a place. The perception of a
space cannot be controlled by the architect,
it is subjective. The architect can
control the idea or philosophy of the design
as well as the formal aspects such as
structure, materiality, spatial organization
and proportion. Through these formal aspects
the architect strives to make the intention
physical. Successful architecture
should facilitate this sensory exchange or
communication on many scales. It should
speak directly to us through it's immediate
physical manifestation and spatial experience
as well as through it's ability to
make a grander connection to it's situation.
As stated in Questions of Perception-
Phenomenology of Architecture, "Architecture,
more fully than other art forms,
engages the immediacy of our sensory
perceptions. The passage of time; light,
shadow, and transparency; color phenomena,
texture, material, and detail all
participate in the complete experience of
architecture."</p>
<p>
The essence of a library is a place for introspection
and study or even meditation.
Therefore silence is a significant aspect of
this project in regard to producing a structure
that is quiet and subtle in its forms and
spaces.</p><br>Master of Architecture
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Gunderson, Kory Marika. "Re-constructing dialogue." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/gunderson/GundersonK0809.pdf.
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Komatani, Kazunori. "Spoken Dialogue Systems for Information Retrieval with Domain-Independent Dialogue Strategies." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/68898.
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Araki, Masahiro. "Studies on Robust Language and Dialogue Processing for Spoken Dialogue Systems." Kyoto University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77872.
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Shrestha, Lisha. "Dialogue in Identity-Based Conflict (Study of Intergroup-Dialogue with University Students)." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2012.
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An individual's struggle with "self," which consists of personal identity and social identity, can create both intra- and interpersonal conflict. In this study, I explored how such struggles inform identity-based conflict and how such conflicts are addressed by intergroup dialogue. A dialogue was conducted with University students, consisting of discussions about participants' struggles with "self" and social identity. These conversations were analyzed using a mixed methods and content analysis approach. The study revealed that identities such as gender play significant roles in creating conflict within "self" and with others. National origin, race, and ethnicity also affect personal identity; however, these identities have greater influence on participants' relationships with others. Four different stages of dialogue were crucial in determining changes in the perceptions of participants. It was learned that dialogue helped participants to give new meaning to their identities. Individual "self"--personal identity--defines each person's ability to understand others, not the social identity. Participants reported their level of trust, openness, and willingness to engage with people not from their own identity group increased and improved because of their participation in the dialogue. Therefore, dialogue can be a valuable tool to understand and transform identity-based conflicts.
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Truong, Le Hoang. "Développement d'un système d'identification des dialogues problématiques dans le système de dialogue personne-machine." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/117/1/TRUONG_Le_Hoang.pdf.
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Dans ce memoire, nous proposons un outil de classification automatique de dialogues
problematiques dans un contexte d'un systeme de dialogue personne-machine. Le domaine
d'application de cet outil est celui du forage de dormees (data mining), un sous domaine du
domaine de I'apprentissage machine (machine learning). L'architecture de cet outil est
modulaire et extensible afin de faciliter 1'experimentation de differents paradigmes de
classification. L'outil utilise plusieurs schemes d'apprentissage machine tels que I'arbre de
decision C4.5 et I'arbre de modelisation logistique pour la classification de dialogue et les
parametres utilises provierment de la plateforme PARADISE. De plus, nous etudions I'ajout
de deux nouveaux parametres : mots negatives de reconnaissance et repetitions de mots.
L'outil est teste selon la technique de validation croisee avec 10 validations croisees sur deux
corpus publiquement distribues par le Linguistic Data Consortium (DARPA Communicator
2000 et DARPA Communicator 2001). Les resultats obtenus compares a ceux-la de I'etat de
Part montrent que notre PDl est plus performant et que les deux nouveaux parametres
ameliorent la performance globale de l'outil.
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Serni, Nicole Mioni [UNESP]. "Gênero discursivo cinema, o filme musical: análise dialógica de Across the Universe." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121919.
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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2014-02-14Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
000816183.pdf: 2492668 bytes, checksum: 9e58f77b807373cd5e398453c1b396c6 (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Ao considerar o cinema musical como um gênero fértil para o estudo de diálogos entre gêneros, esta pesquisa reflete acerca do filme musical Across the Universe (2007), de Julie Taymor, em sua arquitetônica (forma, estilo e conteúdo). O gênero cinema e o gênero canção encontram-se em constante diálogo no musical e, especificamente, no corpus aqui trabalhado. As canções inseridas no filme são todas compostas pela banda britânica The Beatles. As relações dialógicas e as genericidades reconhecidas nesta pesquisa são trabalhadas sob a ótica dos estudos do Círculo de Bakhtin e buscam analisar como o filme Across the Universe incorpora as canções de The Beatles e de que maneira o musical dialoga com a letra de cada canção e com cada situação em que são interpretadas no filme. Sob a abordagem dialógica do Círculo, a análise do filme em questão possibilita reconhecer o cinema como característico por ser composto por outros gêneros que a ele se incorporam e fundem em sua composição, como ocorre em Across the Universe, em que a canção e a dança, por exemplo, são parte da construção do cinema musical<br>Considering cinema as a fertile genre for the studies of dialogue between genres this research thinks about the musical film Across the Universe (2007), by Julie Taymor, in its architectonic (form, style and content). The cinema genre and the song genre are in constant dialogue in the musical film and specifically in the corpus chosen. The songs within the movie are all composed by the british band The Beatles. The dialogical relations and the genres recognized in this research are analyzed within the perspective of the studies of the Bakhtin Circle Bakhtin, and aim to analyze how the movie Across the Universe incorporates the songs by The Beatles and in which way the musical dialogues with the lyrics of each song and with each situation in which they are sung in the movie. Within the dialogical perspective of the Circle the analysis of the movie makes it possible to recognize the cinema as composed by other genres that are incorporated within its composition, such as in Across the Universe, in which song and dance are part of the composition of the musical film
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Vartdal, Hans Arne. "Dialogue Learning in CCBR." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8769.
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<p>In the field of palliative care there is a need to create adaptive questionnaires to minimize the patient's "cognitive load" when acquiring data of the patient's subjective experience of pain. A conversational case based reasoning (CCBR) system can be used as a basis for such questionnaires, and dialogue learning as a method for reducing the number of questions asked, without deterioration of the data quality. In this thesis, methods for question ranking, dialogue inferring, and dialogue learning have been reviewed. A case based reasoning framework is introduced and improved, and based on this, a CCBR system with an extension for dialogue learning has been designed and implemented. The result was tested with well known datasets, as well as new data from a survey on patients' experience of pain. Evaluation shows that dialogue learning can be used to reduce the number of questions asked, but also reveals some problems when it comes to automatically evaluation of solutions found using query biased similarity measures.</p>
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Chu, Shiu-Wah. "Multi-strategy dialogue management." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492323.
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Existing dialogue systems can be categorized into three main types based on their styles of questioning, namely the Finite-State, Frame-based and Free-Form strategies. Finite-State presents a list of valid options to the user in the system questions and expects the user to reply with one of the options. Slot-filling Frame-based provides a flexible approach for the system to capture any useful data that are related to the current context from the user's reply. Open-ended Free-Form is based on the questioning style used in agent-based systems, which allows the system to analyse the user's input with regard to the whole domain of the system rather than only the current context. Each of the three dialogue strategies has its own benefits in different circumstances. Therefore it is desirable to have a dialogue system that can use all three strategies in different circumstances. With such a dialogue system it is possible to use a flexible strategy such as the Frame or Free-Form in normal or optimal situations, but use the more step-by-step Finite-State strategy in situations where the system demands more control on the dialogue. The algorithm for determining the selection and transition of dialogue strategies is based on what are regarded as reasonable human behaviours. The algorithm aims to conduct conversations that are natural, efficient and able to adapt to errors of misunderstanding or misrecognition according to the dialogue history of the dialogue session and the individual user. A software application that uses the algorithm has been developed and tested for user satisfaction by a number of testers with various level of experience in using dialogue systems. Test results show that the testers had better dialogue efficiency and user satisfaction with the system that uses the multi-strategy dialogue manager and that the majority of the testers prefer to use such a system. Supplied by The British Library - 'The world's knowledge'
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Crowe, Peter. "The design of dialogue." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/401.
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With the first commitment of the Kyoto Protocol commencing in 2008, many signatory governments have identified bio fuels as a favoured response to the problem of fulfilling their countries' pledges to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels. Despite the tendency for pressure over climate change to expedite the commercialisation process, detailed evaluation of the claimed benefits, likely efficacy or environmental impact of bio fuels in New Zealand in the form of the Bio fuels Sales Obligation policy (BSO): a mandate place on the Oil Companies to supply a percentage of bio fuel. Systems thinking propound the notion of complex interrelatedness: a pivotal concept in our current understanding of the cumulative effects of greenhouse gas emissions and their relationship to climate change. It also recognizes that the multiple ways in which different stakeholders perceive a contentious question are an integral feature of any problematical situation. By applying systems concepts to qualitative research, Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is therefore particularly suitable for the analysis of multiple stakeholder discourse in this situation. The present study employs SSM to examine stakeholder opinion through the construction of conceptual models in the form of rich pictures and root definitions. The researcher invited diverse stakeholders to ‘see what they were thinking’ and reflect upon the beliefs and assumptions that informed their views with respect to New Zealand bio fuels development. With reference to official documentation arising from the policy development process and through a series of interviews and a focus group, the research examines perceptions of the consultation process on bio fuels development and its contribution to informed decision-making. The study data indicates that the scope of enquiry tended to be restricted by early presuppositions regarding the consultation process and its desired outcomes, which consequently shifted the focus of consultation the enquiry from an assessment of the desirability of bio fuels to an appraisal of the feasibility of government policy. However inadvertently, communication was distorted. The research examines the basic assumptions that shaped the discourse and enabled already established opinions to prevail. Furthermore, the thesis explores how using SSM to surface tacit assumptions and challenge proposed models of intervention can help improve the reflexivity of discourse and decision-making. By ensuring open communication remains at the centre of discourse, SSM could provide a means of establishing productive conditions for learning and co-creative dialogue. Consequently the study has important implications for how the ‘health’ of public discourse in New Zealand might be sustained when addressing other similarly complex issues.
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Brenegan, Lynne Patricia. "Dialogue and process consulting." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/MQ53313.pdf.
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McCruden, Patrick J. "Metaphor and religious dialogue." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Ryu, Koichiro, and Shigeki Matsubara. "Simultaneous Spoken Dialogue Translation." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10368.
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Yee, Poyan. "Healing through curatorial dialogue." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2011. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1123/.
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Le, Lann Roos Caroline. "Competitive Dialogue in Practice." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171803.
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Public procurement is often regarded as rigid, which is why competitive dialogue was implemented. It was also believed to give rise to technical innovations and to create beneficial buying conditions for the public sector. However, many people are sceptic of it, arguing that it does not meet the principles of equal treatment of suppliers and transparency. This thesis seeks to investigate the potential of competitive dialogue and to identify its main challenges. A study of Sweden’s first large infrastructure contract, the Kvarnholmen link, procured with competitive dialogue was therefore undertaken, as well as an extensive literature review. The results show that competitive dialogue is beneficial in several ways: It involves contractors at an early stage and encourages them to find the best solutions to the lowest price. The suppliers get to adapt their tenders to their competence and to take benefit from it. This is a model that seems to have a great potential to improve both public procurement and urban planning.
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Kelley, Debra Milburn. "Dialogue| A case study." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10116463.
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<p> Dialogue is a useful organizational strategy that supports a shared understanding that is useful in the solving complex problems. A community hospital challenged with publicly transparent quality metrics and the associated financial and reputation penalties developed a culture supportive of dialogue and participation and was the setting for this research. </p><p> The purpose of the research was to explore the decisions and messages an executive leadership team implemented that support the practice of dialogue and facilitated a culture of participation. This retrospective, qualitative study reviewed documents and artifacts over a seven-year time span from 2007-2014. two sources, 1) the Operation Committee meetings and 2) The all- employee forums provided by the senior leadership were reviewed. These source were coded utilizing a predetermined coding scheme based upon information from 3 theories, 1) Isaac’s dimensions of dialogue, 2) Isaac’s action theory of dialogue and 3) Fischer’s levels of participation. These three theories when integrated provide a three dimensional perspective that supports the practice of dialogue. </p><p> The conclusions of this study are that 1) A single theory of dialogue is not sufficient. 2. An effective model for communication must include, at a minimum, contain an aspect of action theory, a dimension of dialogue, and a level of participation. 3. Delaying decision-making in order to obtain feedback allows for the prolongation of deliberation and for the emergence of dialogue and deliberation and 4. Expansion of the deliberation time is a mechanism that helps the group to suspend assumptions and is a methodology supportive of dialogue. This research recommends a three step, <i>how to</i> approach to supporting dialogue and a culture of participation. The recommended pattern is to 1) ask for feedback thus 2) delaying the decision, and 3) listening to the feedback.</p>
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Siddiqui, Ataullah. "Muslims' concern in dialogue :." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433528.
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Skyrda, T. S., and Elizaveta Khomenko. "Intercultural dialogue and language." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/42982.
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Participating in the UNESCO Intercultural Dialogue Program, we meet in different parts of the world to discuss the nature of intercultural and religious dialogue. But how true is this dialogue? Are we really from very different cultures that participate in such attempts at dialogue? It depends the meaning of "culture." Many of us imagine that we would probably join, maybe even most of us.<br>Беручи участь у програмі міжкультурного діалогу ЮНЕСКО, ми зустрічаємось у різних куточках світу, щоб обговорити характер міжкультурного та релігійного діалогу. Але наскільки правдивий цей діалог? Ми справді з дуже різних культур, які беруть участь у таких спробах діалогу? Це залежить від значення "культури". Багато хто з нас уявляє, що ми, мабуть, приєднаємось, можливо, навіть більшість із нас.
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Eriksson, Malin Ida. "In Dialogue with Clay." Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7227.
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This paper is about my relationship to the material clay, and how it has affected my creative process. In this text I argue that clay is a material with human properties. I think of my practice as a dialogue between me and the material, an exchange rather than a monologue. This is how I picture clay as my main partner for discussing the deeper questions of what it is to be human, how clay as material can stand as metaphor for what it is to be living. I argue that clay has the poetic strength to communicate these questions of life of a more existential nature. Through the argument of clay being a material with human properties, I reason that a practice in materiality is a study of empathy since we spend much time with our materials to fully grasp how they behave. I firmly believe that this world is in need of an empathic movement, and I think that the field of craft has the possibility to be part of that movement. I see practitioners within the field of craft as practitioners of the sometimes irrational, emotional and indescribable parts of life. As researchers of the more existential qualities of life, I believe that we are important voices in a society that is getting more focused on rationality. With some help from writers, practitioners and philosophers within and outside the field of craft, I reason around the following research question: Can a material based practice stand as lodestar in todays society, to show empathy towards each other as beings as well as our surroundings?
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Blandford, Ann. "Design, decisions and dialogue." Thesis, Open University, 1991. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57316/.
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This thesis presents a design for an Intelligent Educational System to support the teaching of design evaluation in engineering. The design consists of a simple computerbased tool (or 'learning environment') for displaying and manipulating infonnation used in the course of problem solving, with a separate dialogue component capable of discussing aspects of the problem and of the problem solving strategy with the user. Many of the novel features of the design have been incorporated in a prototype system called WOMBAT. The main focus of this research has been on the design of the dialogue component. The design of the dialogue component is based on ideas taken from recent work on rational agency. The dialogue component has expertise in engaging in dialogues which support collaborative problem solving (involving system and user) in domains characterised as justified beliefs. It is capable of negotiating about what to do next and about what beliefs to take into account in problem solving. The system acquires problem-related beliefs by applying a simple plausible reasoning mechanism to a database of possible beliefs. The dialogue proceeds by turn-taking in which the current speaker constructs their chosen utterance (which may consist of several propositions and questions) and explicitly indicates when they have finished. When it is the system's turn to make an utterance, it decides what to say based on its beliefs about the current situation and on the likely utility of the various possible responses which it considers appropriate in the circumstances. Two aspects of the problem solving have been fully implemented. These are the discussion about what criteria a decision should be based on and the discussion about what decision step should be taken next. The system's contributions to the interaction are opportunistic, in the sense that at a dialogue level the system does not try to plan beyond the current utterance, and at a problem solving level it does not plan beyond the next action. The results of a formative evaluation of WOMBAT, in which it was exposed to a number of engineering educators, indicate that it is capable of engaging in a coherent dialogue, and that the dialogue is seen to have a pedagogical purpose. Although the approach of reasoning about the next action opportunistically has not proved adequate at a problem solving level, at a dialogue level it yields good results.
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Kelly, Ute. "Studying dialogue - some reflections." Journal of Dialogue Studies, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17551.
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Yes<br>In this paper, I would like to share some thoughts provoked by the idea of establishing ‘dialogue
studies’ as a distinct academic field, as suggested in the inaugural call for contributions to the new
journal. These are not meant to be exhaustive of all the relevant questions that could be considered
under this heading. I do not, for example, consider the question of disciplinary contributions or
boundaries. My emphasis, rather, is on questions to do with ethos and coherence. In particular,
I am interested in exploring the possibility, and the challenges, of cultivating a dialogic approach
to the study of dialogue itself. My reflections begin with a look at the tendency, within academia,
to privilege debate as a form of communication and the question of whether we might conceive
a Journal of Dialogue Studies as a forum for a different kind of exchange. I then reflect on some of
the difficulties of studying dialogue itself, particularly where this involves outside observers. The
final section raises some issues around ‘studying dialogue’ in relation to teaching, learning and
assessment. My overall intention here is to share some current, tentative thoughts in the hope
that this contributes to a dialogue on the idea, and perhaps the practice, of ‘dialogue studies’.
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Loisel, Alain. "Modélisation du dialogue homme-machine pour la recherche d'informations : approche questions-réponses." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558775.
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Cette thèse décrit la conception d'un système de dialogue Homme- Machine pour la recherche d'informations capable d'interagir avec l'utilisateur en langue naturelle en utilisant des stratégies coopératives. Pour étudier les processus dialogiques impliqués dans la recherche d'informations, une méthodologie ascendante a été adoptée. Une série d'expérimentations a permis le recueil de corpus de dialogues humains présentant de telles recherches dans le cadre du système de documentation médicale CISMeF. L'analyse des dialogues recueillis a montré que leur structure correspond bien aux structures sémantiques de l'approche " questionsréponses ". Fondé sur un modèle existant nommé GoDIS, notre système y intègre de nombreux ajouts permettant d'améliorer la cohérence du dialogue et de proposer des exemples, des choix, des assistances. Une implémentation de ce modèle est réalisée et des pistes d'évaluation sont proposées.
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Ogoko, Nkwume A. C. "Dialogue on justification a model for ecumenical dialogue among the Churches in Nigeria?" Berlin Münster Lit, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2929889&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Jones, Cerian E. "Dialogue structure models : an engineering approach to machine analysis and generation of dialogue." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5837/.
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The problem area addressed within this research is the processing and understanding of natural English dialogue by computer. The presented work fundamentally constitutes the development of a theory for modelling natural dialogue, and the practical implementation of that theory. There are two major aspects of consideration within the theory: the modelling of dialogue structure is balanced against certain individual factors. The structure of the dialogue is modelled via the mechanism of the Dialogue Structure Models and its constituent parts, accounting for situational context, participant motivation, participant role(s) and other contributory factors. The individual factors, on the other hand, are peculiar to the dialogue currently in progress, and cannot be pre-determined in the way that structure can. These factors include:1. The personal characteristics of the participants (their personalities, backgrounds, interests and belief systems); 2. The overall mood of the participant (how (s)he is feeling today; the emotional state of the participant); 3. Instantiation factors relating to the events and circumstances of the particular dialogue in progress. (For example, how a participant reacts intellectually or emotionally to what the other person has just said).A description of the implementation of this theory is presented, followed by a discussion of the testing techniques used to ensure that the original criteria for success have been met.
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Kincade, Wendy. "Effect of Dialogic Training on School Bullying and Inter-Student Cooperation with Sixth Grade Students in a Rural Oregon Middle School." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18343.
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Despite all of the attention given to it by researchers, scientists, educators, psychologists, sociologists, etc., bullying continues to permeate K-12 schools around the world. Statistics on K-12 bullying in the U.S. confirm that not only did bullying double in the ten years between 2001 and 2011 but these numbers are not getting smaller. This thesis provides a sampling of studies and programs that have been done or are being done to understand, reduce, prevent, and eliminate school bullying. The emphasis of the sampling is on the use of top-down, hierarchical value structures, designed to encourage youth to comply with the values of a dominant adult group; these underlying values are in direct contrast to the underlying values of egalitarianism and self-determination that are inherent in the goals of the current study, where sixth grade students learned about dialogue and how to communicate with each other in nurturing non-hierarchical environments.
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Tabutiaux, Benoit. "Etude et modélisation d'un dialogue homme-machine récréatif ou ludique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM091.
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Les développements issus de la recherche en gestion du dialogue homme-machine portent essentiellement sur le dialogue utilitaire et délaissent le dialogue à caractère ludique ou récréatif. Une description détaillée du contexte et la reconnaissance des buts ne suffisent pas à appréhender les enjeux de ce type de dialogue. La thèse vise à démontrer qu'un système s'appuyant sur une reconnaissance robuste et fine des actes de dialogue et des intentions associée à une prise en compte de l'altérité, de l'éthique et des émotions peut faire émerger une personnalité dialogique à même d'interagir de façon crédible avec un humain et de reproduire certaines performances dans le contexte d'un dialogue de séduction. L'objectif ne consiste pas à faire en sorte que le système puisse être confondu avec un humain comme cela est le cas dans les tests d'intelligence mais plutôt faire en sorte que le système puisse être dirigé par l'intérêt de la conversation. A cette fin, les recherches portent sur la définition de la relation d'altérité JE-TU appliquée au dialogue par l'intermédiaire de la théorie des jeux notamment à travers les concepts de définition de soi, d'éthique de la discussion et de modèles d'émotions. Plusieurs pistes sont explorées dans le but de réunir un corpus d'étude, notamment des prototypes de jeux collaboratifs. Au final, le modèle de personnage est développé sur la base d'un corpus de scripts de cinéma. Ce modèle repose sur une nouvelle taxonomie de phénomènes de dialogue incluant des actes perlocutoires et une approche différente de la connaissance permettant d'inclure l'éthique et le lien d'altérité en son sein. Les stratégies qui régissent le dialogue sont alors décrites de manière beaucoup plus précise. Une scène extraite d'un film servant de cadre applicatif aux expérimentations permet de valider l'architecture du système de dialogue<br>Most of the developments issued from the research in man computer dialogue management are mainly focused on functional dialogue and put aside entertainment dialogue. A sharper context description and goals recognition remains quite limited to fully grasp the stakes of type of dialogue. The thesis aims to demonstrate that a system based on a thin and robust recognition of dialogue acts and intentions linked to a consideration for the concept of relation of otherness, ethics and emotions could leads to the emergence of a dialogic personality. Such a system would be able to interact with a human being in a credible way and reproduce some of its achievements in the context of a seduction dialogue. Unlike the common approach developed for intelligence tests, the purpose is not to mimic a human, but to manage the dialogue based on the notion of interest. To achieve this goal, researches deal with the relation of otherness applied to dialogue within game theory and especially through the concepts of Self-definition, Discourse Ethics and Emotions Modeling. The corpora collection process follows many ways including collaborative games. At the end, the character model is developed using a movie script corpora on the basis of a new dialogue phenomena taxonomy including perlocutionary acts and a new approach of knowledge that incorporate ethics and the relation of otherness. It leads to a thinner description of dialogue strategies. A scene extracted from a movie aims to validate the final architecture as an experimental framework
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Gkonou, Niki. "Dialogue and Sound Effects interaction : Investigating strategies to maintain dialogue intelligibility in 5.1 mixes." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87195.
Full textAbstract:
Film audiences have expressed continuous criticism about film sound, claiming that in many situations dialogue is difficult to hear. This issue raises questions about the factors that have negative impact on speech intelligibility and points to investigate strategies that maintain dialogue intelligible in a 5.1. This study investigates how listeners, audio engineering students, experience dialogue intelligibility, when different mixing techniques as dynamic equalization and ducking are applied to the sound effect. The results show that both signal processing techniques, dynamic equalization and ducking, are able to improve dialogue intelligibility and furthermore, dynamic equalization has been proved as the most effective.
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McIlvenny, Paul B. "Dialogue and the machine : an interactional perspective on computer dialogue models, mediation and artifacts." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20007.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of this thesis is the notion of dialogue and how machines have not only influenced the development of our understanding of this fundamental human social activity but also the possibilities for engaging in mediated dialogue. In particular, the concern is with its adoption and distortion from a computational point of view. An interactional perspective is developed that provides insight into the problems and limitations of computer dialogue models, motivates the investigation of the achievement of dialogue mediated 'through' machines, and informs the conception and design of computer systems (or artifacts) that support the metaphor of dialogue 'with' machines. To motivate a reconstruction of the notion of dialogue and a different understanding of the status of machines in terms of action, a critical analysis of computer models of dialogue, concerning theory, data and implementation, is given. In general, computer models lack a consideration of interaction as a constitutive domain, assume the interchange model of dialogue, promote a sanitised view of data, and are a poor foundation for the design of machines that are to engage in dialogue-like behaviour with a user. An alternative interactional perspective is derived from hermeneutics and ethnomethodology in which it is argued that the machine is an intelligible - not intelligent - artifact, and communicative activity is circumstantial, situated and interactively constituted. Instead of reifying dialogue as the repeated exchange of discrete messages between isolated cognitive processors (the interchange model), dialogue is understood here to be the collection of practices in which parties are mutually engaged in coordinating communicative actions and achieving shared understanding out of the materials at hand. The empirical methodology of the thesis comes from conversation analysis and forms the basis for the investigation of the achievement of dialogue 'through' machines. A detailed audio-visual study of a particular computer-mediated communication modality is presented. Parties engaged in cooperatively constructing mutual orientation in dialogue (in a virtual dialogue space) were recorded and features of their conduct were rendered for analysis with the aid of a notation system specially developed for this study. The findings are that the computer-mediated dialogue activity is a skilled, interactive accomplishment in which dialogic presence, monitoring and participation are contingently created and maintained. An emergent transformation of the dialogue activity demonstrates the situated work of constructing participation, a process that is shaped by the dynamics of that activity. A brief study of copresent collaboration documents two further features: the embodiment of actions and their complementarity. The consequences of the interaction perspective and the empirical study for computer models and dialogue 'with' machines are discussed. Suggestions are also made about an alternative use of computer modelling for dialogue 'between' machines, and about the future of dialogue mediation and artifacts.
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Wolf, Marc-Alain. "Dialogue avec le sujet psychotique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=900381271&sid=6&Fmt=3&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Johnson, Mikael. "Stakeholder dialogue for sustainable service." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1299.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Human behavior threatens to ruin irrevocably our long-term existence; the downhill slide is steep and seemingly soon will be incurable. Shifting from unsustainable development would require substantial and far-reaching changes in lifestyles and living standards. As stakeholders (customers, consumers, shareholders, suppliers, distributors, employees, and local communities), through different kinds of dialogue we can influence organizations’ performance by applying pressure on them to change unsustainable behaviors. This doctoral thesis is concerned with the dialogue occurring in the interface between service organizations, under pressure to change their behavior, and their stakeholders, and the link between stakeholder dialogue and organizations’ performance management. The overall aim of the thesis is to describe and understand how stakeholder dialogue can contribute to the value-creation process of a sustainable service. The theoretical frame of reference finds its inspiration in research on management accounting, service management, and sustainable development/corporate social responsibility. In this way, it attempts to bridge the gap between business and ethics. Theoretically, the thesis is a melting pot of ideas on stakeholder value creation. Herein, the customer focus of service research expands to a stakeholder focus, and the management approach of the quality movement, more specifically total responsibility management, develops the thinking of performance management beyond the functionalistic tradition. The thesis also applies a triple bottom line (economic, social, and environmental) approach. The thesis is a compilation of five different studies that follow an interpretative case study approach. The empirical framework stems from the public and private sectors through studies of Swedish public organizations (the Swedish Road Administration and Sveaskog), parts of the Swedish public transport industry, and Swedbank.</p><p>The thesis contributes to an understanding of what sustainable service is and the complexity of the transformation process of an organization towards sustainability. Further, it reflects on the role of stakeholder dialogue in a sustainable service. Finally, the thesis contributes to an understanding of how sustainable service matches with performance management by developing a sustainable performance management framework. The framework is a total quality value-creation concept that avoids reducing the complexity of the studied problem by solving it in three parallel, continuous processes or dimensions coupled with each other: the descriptive, instrumental, and normative dimensions. The descriptive dimension involves a social, ethical, and political documentary contextualization through sustainability reports purposed for stakeholder communication. The instrumental dimension contains a traditional set of management controls and techniques supported by triple bottom line performance measurement. The normative dimension is founded in sustainability- and triple bottom line-thinking, values-based leadership, and a feedback and learning process dedicated to genuine stakeholder dialogue.</p><p> </p>
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Bulcaen, Chris. "The dialogue of an author:." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-96426.
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In Swahili Forum III Elena Bertoncini-Zubkova (1996) discussed some of the political criticisms, expressed in the form of literary motifs and imagery, that emerged in the works of the Tanzanian Swahili writer Euphrase Kezilahabi since 1978 onwards. She situates this emergent critique in the new political discoursive context where critical reviews of the Ujamaa policy could now be publicly voiced since President Nyerere himself admitted the failure of Ujamaa in his delivery Azimio la Arusha baada ya Miaka Kumi (The Arusha Declaration Ten Years Later, 1977). According to Bertoncini this admission `clear[ed] the way for critical literary works` of which Kezilahabi satirical play Kaputula la Marx (Marx`s Shorts, 1978) and his short story Mayai- Waziri wa maradhi (Eggs- Minister of Sickness, 1978) were among the first.
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Kempson, Ruth, and Ronnie Cann. "Dialogue pressures and syntactic change." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1046/.
Full textAbstract:
On the basis of the Dynamic Syntax
framework, this paper argues that the
production pressures in dialogue determining
alignment effects and given versus
new informational effects also drive
the shift from case-rich free word order
systems without clitic pronouns into systems
with clitic pronouns with rigid relative
ordering. <br>The paper introduces assumptions
of Dynamic Syntax, in particular
the building up of interpretation
through structural underspecification and
update, sketches the attendant account
of production with close coordination of
parsing and production strategies, and
shows how what was at the Latin stage a
purely pragmatic, production-driven decision
about linear ordering becomes encoded
in the clitics in theMedieval Spanish
system which then through successive
steps of routinization yield the modern
systems with immediately pre-verbal
fixed clitic templates.