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PECHNIKOV, G. A. "DIALECTICAL AND FORMAL-LOGICAL APPROACH IN CRIMINAL PROCESS." Sociopolitical Sciences 14, no. 3 (2024): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2024-14-3-89-95.
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Purpose of the study. Show the actual existence of materialist dialectics as a general and universal objective law and as an independent science of thinking, which must be taken into account in criminal proceedings. Dialectics (dialectical logic) is opposed to formal logic, and dialectics cannot be subordinated to formal logic, considering it only as a fragment, a section of formal logic, and on this basis deny the very existence of dialectics. After all, formal logic and dialectics (dialectical logic) are two parts of a single whole. The relationship between them is dialectical. Dialectics requires a systematic approach and does not allow the erasure of differences between such systemic opposites as “goal and means”, “form and content”, “personality and objective truth”. Meanwhile, in the current adversarial Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, the differences between these opposites are essentially erased, their systemic dialectical unity is destroyed. The article contrasts the formal-logical (tautological) prohibiting contradictions approach and the dialectical (based on dialectical contradictions) approach in relation to the criminal process. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the carrier of the formal-logical approach, in the author’s opinion, is the current adversarial Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, in which the differences between such dialectical opposites as goal and means, form and content are actually erased, since the dominant one in this in the process, competitiveness (competition of the parties), i.e., the means, due to its self-sufficiency, (since everything is decided by the duel of the parties) excludes objective truth as the goal of the process. This destroys the systematic, truly scientific approach, which does not allow the erasure of differences between opposites. In adversarial criminal proceedings, the adversarial form is more important than the actual content. Formal legal truth in it is higher than objective truth. In fact, in the adversarial Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation there has been a “substitution of the concept” - not a complete, reliable, objectively true disclosure of crimes (the fight against crime), but the resolution of a legal dispute (conflict) of the parties of prosecution and defense (the state and the individual) who have equal rights before the court in favor of strong side. Individual rights in such a process are not absolute, but only relative value, since everything depends on the strength of the parties, and whoever is stronger is right. That is, in reality, the guilty person can win the process (case) and remain unpunished, but in reality, the innocent person can lose. In an adversarial process, everything is relative. What is necessary is an objectively true difference between the guilty and the innocent, and not an adversarial (win-lose) one. Hence, the objectively true model of the criminal process is a higher type of legal proceedings than the adversarial process. It is impossible to destroy the systemic dialectical unity of purpose and means, form and content, objective truth and personality in criminal proceedings. Dialectics as a universal pattern should be reflected in the criminal process. This is the guarantee of scientific, objectivity and true fairness of the criminal process, in contrast to the justice of the strongest in adversarial criminal proceedings (Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation). The article criticizes the theoretical position aimed at idealization, absolutization of formal logic, which does not allow contradiction, when dialectics (dialectical logic, dialectical contradiction) is considered only as a section, a fragment of formal logic. Thus, the very existence of dialectics, both as an objective law and as an independent science of thinking, is actually denied. This is something we cannot agree with. In their own way, both formal logic and dialectics (dialectical logic) are scientifically necessary. As dialectical opposites, these logics are two parts of a single whole: one is static, the other is dynamic. These logics are interconnected dialectically.
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Kuehne, Tobias. "Nietzsche and the rhetoric of dialectics." Journal of European Studies 48, no. 2 (2018): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244118767814.
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Despite Nietzsche’s frequent disavowals of Hegelianism, scholars have repeatedly stressed Nietzsche’s affinities with Hegelian dialectics. Other scholars have responded by denying such affinities. Taking On the Genealogy of Morality as a case study and comparing it to the paradigmatically Hegelian A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right by Marx, this article argues that the question of whether or not Nietzsche is a dialectician unduly narrows the scope that Nietzsche envisioned for philosophy. For Nietzsche, a certain mode of philosophizing (dialectical or otherwise) becomes activated within a rhetorical matrix. Marx sees dialectics as the inexorable logic of history, but has to rely on the rhetorical persuasiveness of the chiasmus to make his claim plausible. Nietzsche, on the other hand, conceives of two incompatible logics: the nobles’ positive affirmation (non-dialectical) and the priests’ negative oppositionality (enabling dialectics). Instead of arguing for one logic over another, Nietzsche foregrounds their rhetoricity by performing the historically contingent invigoration and desiccation of each, leaving it to the reader to assimilate whichever mode of philosophizing they find most plausible.
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Imankul, Zh, and Zh Madalieva. "ialectical and Logical Principles and Teoretical Knowledge of J.M. Abdildin's Study Methodology." Al-Farabi 76, no. 4 (2021): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.4/1999-5911.06.
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This article examines the understanding of academician J.M. Abdildin's dialectical-logical principles and methodology of theoretical knowledge in dialectical logic. In the history of Kazakh philosophy, J.M. Abdildin for the first time deeply investigated the principles of dialectical logic, the methodology of theoretical knowledge, revealed the internal contradictions and definitions of the concept of essence, the key to uncovering the understanding of the subject of dialectical logic is the unity of dialectics, logic and the theory of knowledge. The problem of the contradiction of thinking, concepts in dialectical logic is closely connected with the problem of objectivity of cognition of reality, its spiritual - theoretical comprehension. J.M.Abdildin emphasizes the most important moment of any theory - the choice of the subject area, the identification of the beginning of thinking, the substantiation of the universal principle, the identification of the dialectical connection of the essence, the unity of the individual, the particular and the universal.
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Lucash, Frank. "Spinoza's Dialectical Method." Dialogue 34, no. 2 (1995): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300014682.
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Errol Harris talks about a crypto-dialectic method that lies behind the geometrical disguise of Spinoza'sEthics.Spinoza's method, he argues, is not the linear formal deduction of traditional logic but a crypto-dialectical development of the structural implications of a systematic whole. Substance differentiates itself into infinite attributes and infinite modes. Each attribute is self-differentiated into a hierarchy of modes ranging from the most complex to the simplest. Harris calls this a dialectical scale or a crypto-dialectical development of the structural implications of a systematic whole. The self-specification of the whole into attributes and modes provides the framework for a dialectical system. Spinoza's hypotheses (propositions) are implications dialectically derived from his concept of substance, a concept of a whole which differentiates itself into infinite attributes and modes. Substance is not a hypothesis but is a postulate which s i absolutely certain. Everything follows from substance with dialectical necessity. Substance is the origin of all things and ideas.
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Jiang, Yaozhi. "Dialectical Logic and Boolean Algebra." Journal of Mathematics Research 11, no. 2 (2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v11n2p92.
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Dialectical logic was founded by German famous philosopher F. Hegel, but it has not been laid on mathematics for a long time. In this paper author explains the dialectical logic pure mathematically, and shows that the classic formal logic, its mathematical expression is Boolean algebra(includes multiple value system), is a special case from dialectical logic, and the true-valued function for dialectical logic is a continuous function valued on closed interval  and defined on time-space axes system. The Aristotle three laws of formal logic are expanded into expression of dialectical logic, and Russell paradox is expanded into the case of multiple order. Some new theorems for Boolean operators and the matrix expression for De Morgan’s theorem of multiple variables dialectical logic are given. At the end of the paper, linear or nonlinear dialectical logic are defined and analysis properties of dialectical logic true-valued function are pointed. 
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Priest, G. "Review: Hegel's Dialectical Logic." Mind 111, no. 443 (2002): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/111.443.643.
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Goeglein, Tamara A. "“Wherein hath Ramus been so offensious?”: Poetic Examples in the English Ramist Logic Manuals (1574-1672)." Rhetorica 14, no. 1 (1996): 73–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.1996.14.1.73.
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Abstract: The logic manuals of Peter Ramus (Pierre de la Ramée, 1515-72) enjoyed a wridespread pedagogical sueeess in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, especially in Protestant England. Historians of dialectical studies have judged these manuals, and Ramist dialectic more generally, as purveying a vitiated form of Aristotelian logic because the manuals cite examples frem poetry to illustrate logical principles and axioms. The semantics of Ramist method, however, blurs the neat line between literal and figurative language. A semiotie analysis of Ramist dialectic suggests that the oppesitien between logical discourse and poetic discourse is net stable and that Ramist logie is fundamentally representative or “poetic.”
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Jiang, Yaozhi. "Atomic Proposition and 1-Order Predicate Function for Dialectical Logic." Journal of Mathematics Research 11, no. 3 (2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v11n3p50.
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This paper has completed main fields of making dialectical logic pure mathematically, it is involved both atomic proposition and 1-order predicate function for dialectical logic, and by state-dual, true-valued function vector, state-contradiction law into basic logic law. In addition, also defines true-valued function for logic operators so that more easy to represent atomic proposition. Some examples are given and shown that Boolean algebra, as a special case of dialectical logic, is how to operate hybridize-able with dialectical logic.
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Collinge, Chris. "Positions without Negations? Dialectical Reason and the Contingencies of Space." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, no. 11 (2008): 2613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a40272.
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The dialectical tradition that derives from Hegel and Marx has been very influential within social science, flowing into human geography from the early 1970s through the work of Lefebvre and Harvey. In their different ways these two scholars sought to extend dialectical logic to encompass the contingencies of space, and it is in this context that their seminal contributions to scale analysis can be understood. Since the 1980s, however, confidence in the dialectical tradition has been undermined by poststructural philosophers such as Derrida—who (whilst being careful to avoid simply negating Hegelian dialectics) has exposed the nontotalisable structure of contingency that both subtends and subverts dialectical reason. In this paper I draw upon Derrida's treatment of contingency, and explore the nondialectical ‘foundations’ of dialectical logic through a reading of Neil Smith's 1984 book on Uneven Development (Blackwell, Oxford), a classic text from Marxist geography which was the first to articulate a fully theorised scale framework.
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Nekrasov, Stanislav Nikolaevich. "The rebirth of metaphysics and relevance of dialectics." Философская мысль, no. 4 (April 2024): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2024.4.68865.
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At the new turn of historical development, it is necessary to turn to the understanding of dialectics and the newest forms of metaphysics, recognizing the objective dialectic of the material world, which is reflected in the subjective dialectic of concepts. For Aristotle's formal logic, there are true judgments and false judgments, and if we take the law of the excluded third, then even stricter: either yes or no. However, the metaphysical way of understanding reaches a limit beyond which it becomes limited and entangled in contradictions, since it deals with objects as unchangeable. Sophistry was revived recently in the third millennium, because capitalism needs it in the context of the digital transformation of the state and the current controversy over the new world War reveals a lot of techniques of sophistic thinking. Formal logic works fine in the conditions of everyday practical relations of people however, knowledge of dialectical logic is required to solve the global problems of our time.
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Jonkus, Dalius. "Vasily Sesemann’s Theory of Knowledge: Intuition, Logic and Dialectic." Problemos 98 (October 23, 2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.98.2.
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Nicolai Hartmann interprets the logic of knowledge as a dialectical process that must reveal the processionality of being itself. Sesemann not only extends Hartmann‘s philosophical insights, but also supplements them significantly. He also understands the knowledge of reality not as an analysis of static objects, but as a dynamic and temporal reconstruction of becoming reality. Acknowledging the limitations of intuition, he returns to the possibilities of logically formed knowledge. Sesemann argues that the logical constructions of knowledge must maintain a connection with primal intuition. However, logically formed knowledge is limited by its static nature. A dialectic is needed to reveal a dynamically changing being. I will begin the article by discussing the relationship between intuition and logical knowledge, then examine the problem of the ideal being and conclude by evaluating the significance of dialectics in Sesemann’s theory of knowledge. According to Sesemann, the dialectic, unlike formal logic, must reveal not the ideal laws of thought, but how live knowledge takes place. Dialectics allows one to analyze being as incomplete and indefinite, as becoming and open to infinite change, it allows one to relate a separate aspect of knowledge to the whole.
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Reuten, Geert. "The Interconnection of Systematic Dialectics and Historical Materialism." Historical Materialism 7, no. 1 (2000): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920600100414669.
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AbstractThis paper discusses some recent developments in the Marxian theory of value, called value-form theory, which have gone along with a methodological shift from a linear logic and historical dialectics to a dialectical logic and systematic dialectics. In order to appreciate these developments within the Marxian paradigm, it is useful to make two introductory remarks: first, on some peculiarities of Marxian discourse and, second, about discrepancies in Marx's Capital.
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Jiang, Yaozhi. "Dialectical Logic K-Model: A Mathematical Model for Machine." Journal of Mathematics Research 9, no. 6 (2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v9n6p82.
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An axiom system for dialectical logic K-model which based on Kirchhoff energy-method is established by author in the paper. The author describes that subjective-laws is the mirror imagine reflected from objective-laws and defines that the three-step which named by sensation, abstraction and thinking in artificial intelligence. At same time, describes that axiom system for dialectical logic K-model, in which contains such as logic-variable energy conservation law, Mozi’s principle( mini-max principle) and forbidden law, etc. In the axiom system also contain such as a continuous true-value-function system valued on interval and the K-graph for logic-variable. And describes the giving value method by matrix based on K-graph satisfied Kirchhoff laws to the logic variable. The author describes simply the linear and nonlinear logic variable system. And describes simply the logic variable involved three-dimension Euclidean space and topology networks space separately. Dialectical logic K-model would supply an computation algorithm idea for machine so that the machine is able to think by dialectical logic method, thus an important information-treated method maybe the dialectical logic.
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Veraksa, N. E. "Dialectical Thinking: Logics and Psychology." Cultural-Historical Psychology 15, no. 3 (2019): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2019150301.
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The article is devoted to the relation of logic and psychology of dialectical thinking. It provides three lines of understanding of dialectical thinking: dialectical thinking as a form of developing content, based on the resolution of oppositions; dialectical thinking as postformal stage of intelligence; dialectical thinking as a form of operating relationships of the opposites. Each approach has its own applications to the organization of educational practice. The first approach is presented by the works of E.V. Il'enkov, B.M. Kedrov, P.V. Kopnin and other authors. On a meaningful understanding of dialectics V.V. Davydov developed his methodology of developmental learning. The second approach in the study of dialectical thinking was largely shaped by J.Piaget’s operational concept of the intellect. K. Riegel argued that the development of thinking cannot stop at the stage of formal operations. Later on, the subject develops a more complex form of cognition — dialectical thinking. Representatives of the postformal understanding of dialectical thinking apply it in trainings for the development of professional thinking in adult subjects as well as in psychotherapy. In Russian psychology it has been shown that dialectical thinking acts as the individual’s independent ability to operate with opposites that can be developed starting from preschool age.
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Axtell, G. S. "Comparative Dialectics: Nishida Kitaro's Logic of Place and Western Dialectical Thought." Philosophy East and West 41, no. 2 (1991): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1399768.
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Brincat, Shannon. "Negativity and Open-Endedness in the Dialectic of World Politics." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 34, no. 4 (2009): 455–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437540903400405.
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This article illustrates the importance of negativity within the dialectical method, aiming to bring clarity to what has been rendered unnecessarily mystical within recent revisions of dialectics, particular in the conception of “meta-dialectics.” The negative element in dialectics, where in the movement of sublation the subject remains undetermined and nonidentical, is argued to be the productive moment in the dialectical movement that leads to open-ended and ongoing processes of change. The article argues that considerable conceptual difficulties arise if one attempts to counterpose negative dialectics to positive dialectics and particularly in interpretations of Hegel's Logic and Adorno's Negative Dialectics that attempt to do so. The two moments of positivity and negativity are shown to be mutually related. If conceived in this manner, dialectical analysis can provide radical insights into processes of social change in world politics that are, and remain, open ended.
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Soares, Marly Carvalho, Marcelo Igor da Silva e. Souza, and Francisco de Assis Sobrinho. "2º Capítulo." Revista Opinião Filosófica 15, no. 3 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36592/opiniaofilosofica.v15n3.1185.
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This paper presents the results of a study by the Hegel-Ceará study group on the first part of Media Real, contained in Hegel's Science of Logic, more specifically in the Doctrine of Being. On that occasion, we presented this research at the 8th Meeting of Readings in Logic. The conception of measure in question was immediately put forward as a dialectical relationship between different measures, since we can properly consider it as a relationship of measures, because in the conception in question there are various elements that present themselves dialectically in the different relationships. Based on this understanding, we present the proposed speculative dialectical development, in order to understand the systematic importance of Real Measure, Item A.
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Vrhovski, Jan. "A Few Important Landmarks in the Chinese Debates on Dialectical and Formal Logic from the 1930s." Asian Studies 9, no. 2 (2021): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.2.81-103.
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With the rise of the discourse on dialectical materialism in the late 1920s, ideas related to the Marxist notion of dialectical logic started to circulate in the Chinese intellectual world. Not long after the first public discussions on dialectical materialism started to emerge in the early 1930s, the discussants on both sides started to address the question of the Marxist notion of logic and its relationship with Western formal logic. Consequently, over the 1930s, a series of separate public debates ensued, in which dialectical logic contended against the “conventional” forms of logic, such as traditional Aristotelian and modern formal logic. This paper outlines the major landmarks within the public as well as internal Marxist debates on logic in the 1930s. The discussion starts with a general overview of the intellectual background of the debates, and proceeds by analysing the principal developments in them, starting with Ye Qing’s and Zhang Dongsun’s polemic about “dynamic logic” from 1933, and concluding with the internal Marxist discussions on the sublation of formal logic in the last years of the decade.
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Usó Doménech, José, Josué Nescolarde-Selva, and Lorena Segura-Abad. "Dialectical Multivalued Logic and Probabilistic Theory." Mathematics 5, no. 1 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math5010015.
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Kazumi, Inoue. "Dialectical Contradictions and Classical Formal Logic." International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 28, no. 2 (2014): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2014.932526.
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Winczewski, Damian. "Dialektyka wiedzy logikomatematycznej w ujęciu Jarosława Ładosza." Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 15, no. 4 (2021): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.15.4.2.
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The aim of the article is an analysis of the early works of Jarosław Ładosz, a Polish philosopher and mathematician, who in the 1960s conducted a thorough examination of the most important scientific accomplishments in the field of logic and mathematics from the perspective of Marxist philosophy. Being nowadays assessed as a symbol of dogmatism and orthodoxy in Polish Marxism, Ładosz revised most of the superstitions on the relationship between mathematical logic and dialectics, which have been legitimized in official Marxist philosophy since the times of Marx and Engels, in his early works. Having rejected the claims of some Marxists for the formalization of dialectics, he presented the original concept of dialectics as a methodological tool for studying the sources of logical knowledge. Combining dialectical materialism with Jean Piaget’s epistemology, he formulated an elaborate, original hypothesis of the social construction of logico-mathematical knowledge, while at the same time transcending the subject-object division as-sumed in Marxist dogmatic epistemology.
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Amidei, Jacopo, Uri Andrews, Duccio Pianigiani, Luca San Mauro, and Andrea Sorbi. "Trial and error mathematics: Dialectical systems and completions of theories." Journal of Logic and Computation 29, no. 1 (2018): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exy033.
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AbstractThis paper is part of a project that is based on the notion of a dialectical system, introduced by Magari as a way of capturing trial and error mathematics. In Amidei et al. (2016, Rev. Symb. Logic, 9, 1–26) and Amidei et al. (2016, Rev. Symb. Logic, 9, 299–324), we investigated the expressive and computational power of dialectical systems, and we compared them to a new class of systems, that of quasi-dialectical systems, that enrich Magari’s systems with a natural mechanism of revision. In the present paper we consider a third class of systems, that of $p$-dialectical systems, that naturally combine features coming from the two other cases. We prove several results about $p$-dialectical systems and the sets that they represent. Then we focus on the completions of first-order theories. In doing so, we consider systems with connectives, i.e. systems that encode the rules of classical logic. We show that any consistent system with connectives represents the completion of a given theory. We prove that dialectical and $q$-dialectical systems coincide with respect to the completions that they can represent. Yet, $p$-dialectical systems are more powerful; we exhibit a $p$-dialectical system representing a completion of Peano Arithmetic that is neither dialectical nor $q$-dialectical.
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Button, Peter. "Negativity and Dialectical Materialism: Zhang Shiying's Reading of Hegel's Dialectical Logic." Philosophy East and West 57, no. 1 (2007): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2007.0002.
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Usó Doménech, José Luis, Josué Antonio Nescolarde-Selva, Lorena Segura-Abad, and Mario Sabán. "Dialectical logic for mythical and mystical superstructural systems." Kybernetes 48, no. 8 (2019): 1653–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-03-2018-0110.
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Purpose The doctrine of coincidentia oppositorum (the coincidence of opposites), the interpenetration, interdependence and unification of opposites has long been one of the defining characteristics of mystical (as opposed to philosophical) thought. Mystics of various persuasions have generally held that such paradoxes are the best means of expressing within language, truths about a whole that is sundered by the very operation of language itself. Any effort, it is said, to analyze these paradoxes and provide them with logical sense is doomed from the start because logic itself rests upon assumptions, such as the principles of non-contradiction and excluded middle, that are violated by the mystical ideas. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical development of a dialectical logic with truth-values in a complex field. Findings The coincidentia oppositorum is a common trope in many religious traditions, particularly those with a mystical or initiatory aspect, and fields of knowledge such as Psychology and Quantum Physics, with wave-particle duality. The aim of this paper is to present a mathematical theory of the coincidence of opposites, and where truth-values are expressed in a complex field. A propositional coincidentia oppositorum algebra is developed. Originality/value Although the literature of paraconsistent logics is abundant, the authors think that this is the first time that a dialectical logic has been developed with truth-values belonging to a complex field. The impossibility of reaching an absolute truth from opposite propositions is discovered, both being true, because of the existence of irrational numbers in the truth-values.
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Vlasits, Justin. "Pyrrhonism and the Dialectical Methods." History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 23, no. 1 (2020): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-02301013.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to show how Outlines of Pyrrhonism II constitutes an original, ambitious, and unified skeptical inquiry into logic. My thesis is that Sextus’ argument in Book II is meant to accomplish both its stated goal (to investigate the topics typically grouped together by dogmatists under the heading of “logic”) and an unstated goal. The unstated goal is, in my view, interesting in itself and sheds new light on Sextus’ methodology. The goal is: to suspend judgement on the effectiveness of dogmatic methodologies.
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Kolganov, A.I., L.A. Bulavka-Buzgalina, N.G. Yakovleva, and O.V. Barashkova. "Teaching Course «The Logic of Capital by K. Marx: Reactualization of Dialectical Method (Socio-Economic Context)»." Problems in Political Economy, no. 1 (March 23, 2025): 127–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15072932.
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The proposed curriculum of the course “The Logic of K. Marx's Capital: Reactualization of the Dialectical Method (Socio-Economic Context)” takes into account the experience accumulated by the authors in the process of teaching courses at the Economics and Philosophy Departments of Lomonosov Moscow State University. In the current version, updated and supplemented, the course was delivered at the Philosophy Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University as an interdepartmental educational course for students from different departments in the fall semester of the 2024-2025 academic year. The course aims to help students to learn what the dialectical method is, as well as to learn the basics of its application in scientific research and in forming their own position as a professional and citizen. The course is based on the dialectical method applied in Karl Marx's "Capital" and developed in the works of such representatives of Marxist socio-philosophical thought as E.V. Ilyenkov, S.N. Mareev, B. Allman, and other researchers showing the dialectics of social development of the 21st century. The course emphasizes discussions, arguments and counterarguments of leading scholars on the problems considered in the course. The relevance of studying and mastering the dialectical method is due to the fact that this method allows to study and understand social phenomena holistically, in their contradictions, to identify the essence and regularities and to distinguish them from the myths of transformed forms created with the help of various tools of social manipulation. The course assumes familiarization with examples of application of the dialectical method to the study of specifi c socio-economic phenomena. In particular, the course emphases the dialectics of transformations of socio-economic systems, which implies non-linearity and multiscenarity, the problem of developing criteria for socio-economic development and social progress, etc. The course also focuses on the dialectics of transformations of socio-economic systems, which implies non-linearity and multiscenarity.
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Alker, Hayward R. "The Dialectical Logic of Thucydides' Melian Dialogue." American Political Science Review 82, no. 3 (1988): 805–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962492.
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If the realist tradition has underappreciated the formalizable quality of Thucydides' scientific investigations, neorealist teachers and writers have generally failed to see the normative and dramatical features of Thucydides' political science, each an expression of his dialectical epistemology and ontology. Nicholas Rescher's partial formalization of dialectics as a controversy-oriented approach to knowledge cumulation and Kenneth Burkes dramaturgical approach to textual understanding are both shown to fit Thucydides' argumentation in the Melian dialogue. Thus argumentation produces new knowledge about the inner determinants of Athenian imperialism; simultaneously it dramatically reveals the constituting practical rationale of Athenian actions to be unjust. Once Thucydides' determining essences of power politics are properly uncovered, their false “eternal, mathematical necessity” can be appropriately criticized. A case is thus suggested for a “neoclassical polimetrics” more fundamentally grounded in “political argumentation” about practical choices in particular contexts than in ahistorical laws, inductive statistics or deductive mathematics.
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Beckett, Stephen J. "The Logic of the Design Problem: A Dialectical Approach." Design Issues 33, no. 4 (2017): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00470.
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This article analyzes the logic of the design problem by using a Hegelian dialectical approach. It begins by identifying the logical paradox at the heart of the design problem and clarifying the method of dialectical logic, and then applies this logic to the design problem by demonstrating how problems and solutions emerge simultaneously as “moments” of a single concept. Finally, the designer's role as a “speculative reader” in the process is briefly considered.
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Vaccari, Ulisses Razzante. "Hölderlin e a poética do paradoxo." Revista Eletrônica Estudos Hegelianos 17, no. 30 (2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.70244/reh.v17i30.423.
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This article seeks to clarify and expose the principle of Hölderlin's “poetic logic”, as it appears in the “poetological” texts, mainly in the Observations on Oedipus and Antigone. As we try to show here, Hölderlin's “poetic logic” does not follow the principles of formal logic, but it comes close to dialectical logic, although it cannot be reduced to Hegelian dialectics. The logic here is not aimed at standardizing the rules of the use of thought, but at poetic practice, whose nature, in Hölderlin's sense, consists in the paradoxical apprehension of existence as such. Although it can be more clearly observed in the tragic genre, this paradoxical logic of poetry also permeates Hölderlin's so-called late hymns, such as Patmos and Bread and wine, in which tragic oppositions are coated in the elegiac form.
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Guerra, Renata. "Entendimento, razão e os limites da dialética em Ruy Fausto." Revista Eletrônica Estudos Hegelianos 21, no. 39 (2024): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.70244/reh.v21i39.567.
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This paper explores the differences between Hegelian and Marxian dialectics in Ruy Fausto’s project to reconstitute dialectical logic. First, it considers his reading of the relationship between understanding and reason in Hegel and Marx, with priority given to the treatment of the Science of Logic and Capital. Then, it shows how Fausto’s so-called interiorizing and exteriorizing movements in Marx’s logical presentation of the forms of capital lead to a new view of the system that coincides with its critique, thus subverting the positive direction of modern dialectics and the systematicity of reason. Finally, in the light of these results, it presents Fausto’s idea of the limits of dialectics in Marx and its negative character.
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Usó-Doménech, José, Josué Nescolarde-Selva, and Lorena Segura-Abad. "Proposal for the Formalization of Dialectical Logic." Mathematics 4, no. 4 (2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math4040069.
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Winfield, Richard Dien. "Dialectical Logic and the Conception of Truth." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 18, no. 2 (1987): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071773.1987.11007801.
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Erismann, Christophe. "The Logic of Being: Eriugena's Dialectical Ontology." Vivarium 45, no. 2 (2007): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x217722.
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AbstractIn his major work, the Periphyseon, the ninth century Latin philosopher John Scottus Eriugena gives, with the help of what he calls "dialectic", a rational analysis of reality. According to him, dialectic is a science which pertains both to language and reality. Eriugena grounds this position in a realist ontological exegesis of the Aristotelian categories, which are conceived as categories of being. His interpretation tends to transform logical patterns, such as Porphyry's Tree or the doctrine of the categories, into a structure which is both ontological and logical, and to use them as tools for the analysis of the sensible world. The combination of dialectic interpreted as a science of being, capable of expressing truths about the sensible world as well as about discourse, with an ontological interpretation of logical concepts allows Eriugena to develop his metaphysical theory, a strong realism. Eriugena not only supports a theological realism (of divine ideas), but also, and principally, an ontological realism, the assertion of the immanent existence of forms. Eriugena claims that genera and species really subsist in the individuals: they are completely and simultaneously present in each of the entities which belong to them.
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Bocharova, A. V. "The binary opposition as the basis of logical development of dialogic communication in internet-forum." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 2 (June 28, 2015): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2015-2-62-66.
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The article focuses on peculiarities of communication in forums of electronic periodicals from the perspective of dialectical logic, which allows supposing that today internet-communication is based on reducing of the standard dialectical triad «thesis-antithesis-synthesis» to the binary opposition «thesis- antithesis». Much attention is given to the typological differentiation between polemical and dialectic dialogue, as well as the concretization of the concept «forum» at this stage of development of the information society. This direction of the investigation is complemented by the definition of a binary method as one of the main mechanism of cognition.
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Longaker, Mark Garrett. "John Locke on Inference and Fallacy, A Re-Appraisal." Informal Logic 34, no. 4 (2014): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v34i4.4133.
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John Locke, long associated with the “standard” approach to fallacies and the “logical” approach to valid inference, had both logical and dialectical reasons for favoring certain proofs and denigrating others. While the logical approach to argumentation stands forth in Locke’s philosophical writings (such as the Essay Concerning Human Understanding), a dialectical approach can be found in his contributions to public controversies regarding religion and toleration. Understanding Locke’s dialectical approach to argumentation not only makes his work more relevant to the contemporary discipline of informal logic, but this understanding also prompts a reconsideration of Locke’s rhetorical purpose. He approached argumentation dialectically (and logically) because he wanted to appeal to a universal audience of free rational subjects, people not unlike the real historical audience whom Locke addressed: radical Whigs, latitudinarian Anglicans, early-Enlightenment philosophes.
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Antipenko, Leonid G. "ON THE GEOMETRIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN THE LIGHT OF HEIDEGGER’S ONTOLOGY." Metaphysics, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2023-4-87-100.
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Until recently, there was one unsolved riddle regarding the logic that Lobachevsky followed when creating his non-Euclidean (hyperbolic) geometry. This article shows that such a logic is implicitly present in him, and it coincides with the logic already formed now, called complementary-dialectical logic. This logic stems from Heidegger’s fundamental ontology. In the field of the geometric discipline of thought, complementary-dialectical logic makes it possible to combine the historical and logical aspects of the genesis of Lobachevsky’s geometry. Allows us to understand how and why imaginary points appear on a hyperbolic line, how they are related to points at infinity, etc. constructing a geometric picture of the world as part of the overall scientific picture.
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BOGAERTS, BART, and GUY VAN DEN BROECK. "Knowledge compilation of logic programs using approximation fixpoint theory." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 15, no. 4-5 (2015): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068415000162.
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AbstractRecent advances in knowledge compilation introduced techniques to compilepositivelogic programs into propositional logic, essentially exploiting the constructive nature of the least fixpoint computation. This approach has several advantages over existing approaches: it maintains logical equivalence, does not require (expensive) loop-breaking preprocessing or the introduction of auxiliary variables, and significantly outperforms existing algorithms. Unfortunately, this technique is limited tonegation-freeprograms. In this paper, we show how to extend it to general logic programs under the well-founded semantics.We develop our work in approximation fixpoint theory, an algebraical framework that unifies semantics of different logics. As such, our algebraical results are also applicable to autoepistemic logic, default logic and abstract dialectical frameworks.
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Heidemann, Dietmar H. "Hegel on the Nature of Scepticism." Hegel Bulletin 32, no. 1-2 (2011): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200000173.
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In the Encyclopaedia Logic, Hegel states that ‘philosophy … contains the sceptical as a moment within itself — specifically as the dialectical moment’ (§81, Addition 2), and that ‘scepticism’ as ‘the dialectical moment itself is an essential one in the affirmative Science’ (§78). On the one hand, the connection between scepticism and dialectic is obvious. Hegel claims that scepticism is a problem that cannot be just removed from the philosophical agenda by knock-down anti-sceptical arguments. Scepticism intrinsically belongs to philosophical thinking; that is to say, it plays a constructive role in philosophical thinking. On the other hand, scepticism has to be construed as the view according to which we cannot know whether our beliefs are true, i.e., scepticism plays a destructive role in philosophy no matter what. It is particularly this role that clashes with Hegel's claim of having established a philosophical system of true cognition of the entirety of reality. In the following I argue that for Hegel the constructive and the destructive role of scepticism are reconcilable. I specifically argue that it is dialectic that makes both consistent since scepticism is a constitutive element of dialectic.In order to show in what sense scepticism is an intrinsic feature of dialectic I begin by sketching Hegel's early view of scepticism specifically with respect to logic and metaphysics. The young Hegel construes logic as a philosophical method of human cognition that inevitably results in ‘sceptical’ consequences in that it illustrates the finiteness of human understanding. By doing so, logic not only nullifies finite understanding but also introduces to metaphysics, i.e., the true philosophical science of the absolute.
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Goncharov, Vitaly Viktorovich, Nurgun V. Afanasev, Elena A. Sverdlikova, Tatiana N. Mikhaleva, Grigory A. Vasilevich, and Jacek Zalesny. "The use of the dialectical method as a theory for understanding social change in the philosophy of global constitutionalism." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-A (2021): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-a827p.385-394.
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This article is devoted to the conceptual analysis of the dialectical method for understanding social change in the philosophy of global constitutionalism. The purpose of the research: from the position of socio-philosophical methods of cognition of social reality and ideas reflecting it, to analyze the dialectic model in the doctrine of social changes in the philosophy of global constitutionalism. An analysis of the dialectical method as a theory for understanding social change in the philosophical concept of global constitutionalism has shown that: in the process of its formation, the Hegelian concept of dialectical development and the dialectical materialism of the Marxist-Leninist type, including its basic laws; it is aimed at developing a system of arguments to justify the natural evolutionary nature of the origin of the world capitalist system; the process of removing the qualitatively heterogeneous opposites accumulated in the process of social development is also subordinate to the general logic of the development of the world capitalist system.
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Piedra, Rogney. "Kant y la lógica dialéctica." HYBRIS. Revista de Filosofía 8, no. 1 (2017): 31–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.583571.
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Para determinar el papel de la filosofía kantiana en la lógica dialéctica, se proponen ocho aspectos del aporte de Kant a su desarrollo. Kant, al mostrar la dialéctica inmanente de la actividad sintética del pensamiento teórico, marcó el punto de partida de la lógica dialéctica moderna como la filosofía epistémica acorde con la nueva cosmovisión científico-natural que él mismo iniciara. Sin embargo, al no llevar estos aspectos dialécticos hasta sus últimas consecuencias, la filosofía kantiana, quedó en el comienzo mismo del movimiento que, por mediación de otros pensadores, arribaría a la lógica dialéctica marxista For determining the role of Kant's philosophy in the dialectical logic, eight aspects of the Kant's contribution to its development are proposed. Kant, when shows the intrinsically dialectical character of the theoretical thought's synthetic activity, sets the starting point of the dialectical modern logic as the epistemic philosophy in agreement with the new natural sciences' world-view that he in self began. However, by not taking these dialectical aspects until their last consequences, the philosophy of Kant ended in the same beginning of the movement that, for other thinkers' mediation, would arrive to the Marxist dialectical logic
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Heyninck, Jesse, Matthias Thimm, Gabriele Kern-Isberner, Tjitze Rienstra, and Kenneth Skiba. "Conditional Abstract Dialectical Frameworks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 5 (2022): 5692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i5.20511.
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Abstract dialectical frameworks (in short, ADFs) are a unifying model of formal argumentation, where argumentative relations between arguments are represented by assigning acceptance conditions to atomic arguments. This idea is generalized by letting acceptance conditions being assigned to complex formulas, resulting in conditional abstract dialectical frameworks (in short, cADFs). We define the semantics of cADFs in terms of a non-truth-functional four-valued logic, and study the semantics in-depth, by showing existence results and proving that all semantics are generalizations of the corresponding semantics for ADFs.
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Morgan, Brandon L. "Love as the Logic of Reconciliation in Hegel." Philosophy and Theology 30, no. 1 (2018): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtheol201882796.
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This essay explores the significance of Hegel’s considerations of love for his later dialectical philosophy in order to bring to attention love’s continued import as a category of logical and theological unity and reconciliation. A lingering question for Hegel scholarship is why he seemingly drops the unifying notion of love in his more developed dialectical philosophy, choosing instead to expound a philosophy of the concept that solely grants to reason the task of dialectical recovery. On my reading, this interpretation suffers from a failure to imagine Hegel’s early writings on love as contributing to the working out of his later dialectical logic and philosophy of spirit, specifically in terms of the unifying and reconciling principle of Vernunft (reason) in contrast to Verstand (understanding). Furthermore, Hegel’s substantial appeals to love in the later Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion show love's continued significance for him, not only as a logical but a theological principle of unity between finite and infinite spirit, a unity lost on the understanding alone. Reading Hegel’s Vernunft as a form of rationally reconciling love, therefore, shows a continuity in Hegel’s thinking that brings to bear Hegel’s later philosophical developments of reason and spirit on his philosophical theology.
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ГОНЧАРОВА, Н. В., and В. И. ФЕНУХИН. "Philosophy and pedagogy – the logic of dialectical unity." Социально-гуманитарные знания, no. 6 (December 7, 2022): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34823/sgz.2022.6.51935.
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В данной статье характеризуется идея диалектического взаимодействия педагогики и философии. Данная статья демонстрирует, что в центре этого взаимодействия духовность как основное качество личности. Авторы статьи считают, что без философии невозможно понять идеал педагогики: он является критерием оценки различных педагогических теорий, способствует сознательному выбору методов воспитания, демонстрируют жизнеспособность идеи о духовном единстве педагогики и философии, показывает, что в настоящее время она разрабатывается учеными с позиций христианского мировоззрения. This article describes the idea of dialectical interaction of pedagogy and philosophy. This article demonstrates that spirituality as the main quality of personality is at the center of this interaction. The authors of the article believe that it is impossible to understand the ideal of pedagogy without philosophy: it is a criterion for evaluating various pedagogical theories, contributes to the conscious choice of methods of education, demonstrates the viability of the idea of the spiritual unity of pedagogy and philosophy, shows that it is currently being developed by scientists from the standpoint of the Christian worldview
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Chan, Shui-fun F. "Formal logic and dialectical thinking are not incongruent." American Psychologist 55, no. 9 (2000): 1063–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.9.1063.
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Antonenka, M. N. "Dialectics and logic of the political economy of the industrial and consumer cooperation in the rural areas." Agrarian Economics, no. 8 (September 7, 2022): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9806-2022-8-55-68.
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Рresents the author’s research of the formation process of production and consumer cooperation in rural areas using dialectical and political economic methods. The issues of dialectics and political economy have been actualized in the context of the theory of production and consumer cooperation, as well as its impact on the creation of highperformance and highpaying jobs in rural areas. The author classifies the dialectics: of human thinking, nature and society, and provides their various foundations.
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Yurén Camarena, María Teresa, Elena Rodríguez Roa, and Miriam De la Cruz Reyes. "Inducción y analogía en las éticas aplicadasen proyectos socioeducativos." Sophía, no. 38 (January 14, 2025): 137–61. https://doi.org/10.17163/soph.n38.2025.04.
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The objective is to highlight the advantages of articulating induction and analogy with appliedethics in socio-educational projects. The review of articles shows that principlist ethics underpinnedby deductive logic predominate in social projects, but some studies reveal dialogic and criticalapplied ethics structured with induction and analogy. Theoretical positions on the status of applied ethics are examined, confirming that induction and analogy are present both in the casuistry that culminates in the construction of maxims or prudential criteria, and in procedures that requirethe participation of those involved in each concrete case, and in the circle of critical hermeneuticswith its dialectics. Using an analytical-synthetic procedure, 12 socio-educational projects carried out in a non-formal modality are examined. As a result, four combinations are distinguished: 1)prescriptive ethics and deductive logic; 2) ethics of recognition and alternate logics; 3) dialogicethics and logic of discovery; and 4) prudential ethics of critical hermeneutics and dialectical logic.It is concluded that, by including induction and analogy in the ethics applied in socio-educational projects, a contribution is made to the improvement of learning and the production of behavioral patterns and moral convictions in accordance with the respective context.
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Byrd, Jeremy. "The Dialectical Advantage of the Direct Argument." Erkenntnis 79, no. 2 (2013): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-013-9503-y.
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Savelieva, Marina Yu. "From the “logic of paradoxes” to dialectical logic (historical transformation of Spinozist methodology)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 38, no. 3 (2022): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.309.
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The article deals with the features of the transformation of the philosophical cognitive methodology in the heritage of B. Spinoza. The central concept of Spinozism is the concept of “substance”, which plays not only a meaningful, but also a formal role in his philosophy. An analysis of the interpretation of the term “substance” by Spinoza reveals its paradoxical nature. The paradox arises in the context of operating with extremely abstract and universal concepts, therefore, thinkers always try to give these concepts a natural-philosophical character, make them more meaningful and thereby reduce the level of their inconsistency. Spinoza’s idea of substantiality as a criterion of the absolute essence of God clearly proves this. Referring to God as an absolute and universal substantial criterion, Spinoza tried to restore in rights the religious status of ontology and metaphysics, which was questioned by the theory of innate ideas of Descartes and achieved the exact opposite result. On the one hand, the substantiality of God appeared to be consistent and universal; on the other hand, His substantial character was the basis for the denial of His absoluteness, because infinite substance seeks to self-determination and self-restraint. Thus, Spinoza became the author of the concept of an absolutely contradictory substantial God as the absolute foundation of a contradictory world and the contradictory nature of human knowledge. In this sense, the paradox manifests itself not only as an obstacle to objective historical knowledge, but also as a way of transforming philosophical ideas in the history of mankind. This is the only way to understand the essence of the transformation of the ideas of Spinozism in the philosophy of Hegelianism and Marxism: the adoption of the formal features of the metaphysical concept of “substance” became the basis for the transformation of the metaphysical logic of paradox to dialectical logic.
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Jiang, Yaozhi. "Dialectical Logic K-Model: the Discrete Time Dynamical Sampling System, Multidimensional Logic Variable and Associate Database(ADB)." Journal of Mathematics Research 10, no. 2 (2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v10n2p88.
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Following the earlier works about dialectical logic K-model by the author, in this succeed paper author described the three problems : the first is that discrete time dynamical sampling system to solve which the true-value function is unknown and need discrete time dynamical sampling system to obtain a series of sampled discrete time true-value function points to predict the continuous true-value function or we need some properties of true value function in the frequency domain, a several formulas for true-value function of single-dimensional logic variable via discrete Fourier transformation are explained; the second is the graph expression and matrices expression for the multidimensional logic variables in dialectical logic K-model. Multidimensional logic variable is important that can be used in multidimensional contradictions and in multiple-person games. In fact, author also described the graph $G_K^p$ and corresponding matrices of the multidimensional logic variables; the third is the machine oriented database, associated database i.e. ADB, this is a new database for artificial intelligence, in present paper author describes theoretical properties and some features of ADB.
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GRECHKO, Mikhail V., and Larisa A. KOBINA. "The evolution of economic systems: The dialectics of regress." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 7 (2021): 1296–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.7.1296.
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Subject. We herein examine, sort out and integrate economic knowledge to analyze systemic contradictions, which constitute necessary and sufficient conditions for the evolution of macrosystems. In this research, we draw upon the cognitive potential of the dialectical systemic-historical approach. Objectives. We examine the gradual transformation of complex subjects with weak structure and the qualitative representation of the regress dialectics in terms of the logic of the evolution of economic systems. Methods. The study draws upon the cognitive potential of the dialectical method, the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, with some elements of the formation approach added, which helped definitely determine and capture systemic traits and principles of the regress dialectics of old systems, and their possible development trajectories. Results. The article sets forth systemic contradictions, qualities and traits of the regress dialectics, referring to the evolutionary phases of economic systems. To display the regress dialectics properly, we formulated respective principles for studying mutated forms, demonstrating the inevitability of their self-reproduction, and revealing the real, though concealed, substance. Conclusions. The article sorts out key conclusions. The findings may underlie the scientific basis for comprehending the evolution of complex subjects with weak structure and macrosystems.