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Crosetto, John B. "Hölderlin's skeptical horizon : negation and the renunciation of dialectical production in Hyperion /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6626.
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Rainford, Lydia. "Feminism and irony." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340003.
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Sirichai, Yokota Riegle Rodney P. "Comparing two strategic decision making techniques, consensus and dialectical inquiry, in a Thai organizational culture." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1994. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9521348.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994.Title from title page screen, viewed April 18, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Rodney P. Riegle (chair), John R. McCarthy, Paul J. Baker, Jeffrey Hecht. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-75) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Bueno, Aline Chitero [UNESP]. "A concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável nos parâmetros curriculares nacionais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90115.
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Esta proposta de trabalho originou-se da constatação do destaque que a discussão referente à temática ambiental tem recebido nos meios de comunicação, na comunidade científica e também no cotidiano do professor em sala de aula, através dos temas transversais propostos nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais – PCN. Dentre os temas assim considerados encontra-se o ―meio ambiente‖, o qual explicita uma concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável, entendida como o possível caminho para o enfrentamento da problemática ambiental atual. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a apropriação que o PCN realiza da concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável, bem como discutir seus limites e possibilidades frente à problemática ambiental. Esta pesquisa, de cunho teórico e bibliográfico, teve por ponto de partida aprofundar-se no conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, a partir do conhecimento da concepção de desenvolvimento no modo de produção capitalista bem como a proposta de sustentabilidade que adjetiva o primeiro termo. Desta perspectiva verificou-se a seguinte contradição: desenvolvimento no capitalismo significa crescimento econômico, lucro, fundamentado na exploração do homem e da natureza; sustentabilidade inclui a preservação da natureza, a partir do uso racional dos recursos e qualidade de vida para todos. Diante de tal constatação vislumbrou-se que as discussões presentes nos PCN não contemplam tal contradição, apenas a tangenciam, propondo a utilização do termo sustentabilidade em detrimento ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Para esta análise abordou-se a questão a partir da contradição dialética entre as suas dimensões histórica, econômica e social no contexto ensino, com base nos fundamentos filosóficos, metodológicos e lógicos, expressos no...
The purpose of this work was originated from the notice of the emphasis the discussion related to environmental issues has received in the media, the scientific community and also in the routine of teachers in class through transversal themes suggested in the National Curriculum Parameters – NCP (in Portuguese, Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais – PCN). Among these so-called themes there is the ―environment‖, which exposes a conception of sustainable development that is understood as the possible way to facing the recent environmental debate. Thus, the goal of this work is to study the appropriation of sustainable development conception the NCP do, as well as to discuss its limits and possibilities related to environmental discussion. Having a theoretical e bibliographical basis, this research was initiated by going deeply in the concept of sustainable development. We started our work from the conception of development in the capitalist production mode, as well as the purpose of sustainability that qualifies the second term. From this perspective the following contradiction was perceived: development in capitalism means economic growing, profit, both based on human and nature exploitation; sustainability includes nature preservation by rational resources use and life quality for everyone. For this reasons, it was descried that the discussions of the NCP do not contemplate this contradiction, but merely allude to it, suggesting the use of the term sustainability instead of sustainable development. In order to proceed with this analysis, the problem was approached from the dialectical contradiction between its historical, economical and social dimensions in the teaching context, based on philosophical, methodological e logical fundaments expressed in dialectical historical materialism. It can be concluded that, despite the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bueno, Aline Chitero. "A concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável nos parâmetros curriculares nacionais /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90115.
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Orientador: Edílson Moreira de OliveiraBanca: Celso de Prado Ferraz de Carvalho
Banca: José Luis Vieira de Almeida
Resumo: Esta proposta de trabalho originou-se da constatação do destaque que a discussão referente à temática ambiental tem recebido nos meios de comunicação, na comunidade científica e também no cotidiano do professor em sala de aula, através dos temas transversais propostos nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCN. Dentre os temas assim considerados encontra-se o ―meio ambiente‖, o qual explicita uma concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável, entendida como o possível caminho para o enfrentamento da problemática ambiental atual. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a apropriação que o PCN realiza da concepção de desenvolvimento sustentável, bem como discutir seus limites e possibilidades frente à problemática ambiental. Esta pesquisa, de cunho teórico e bibliográfico, teve por ponto de partida aprofundar-se no conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável, a partir do conhecimento da concepção de desenvolvimento no modo de produção capitalista bem como a proposta de sustentabilidade que adjetiva o primeiro termo. Desta perspectiva verificou-se a seguinte contradição: desenvolvimento no capitalismo significa crescimento econômico, lucro, fundamentado na exploração do homem e da natureza; sustentabilidade inclui a preservação da natureza, a partir do uso racional dos recursos e qualidade de vida para todos. Diante de tal constatação vislumbrou-se que as discussões presentes nos PCN não contemplam tal contradição, apenas a tangenciam, propondo a utilização do termo sustentabilidade em detrimento ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Para esta análise abordou-se a questão a partir da contradição dialética entre as suas dimensões histórica, econômica e social no contexto ensino, com base nos fundamentos filosóficos, metodológicos e lógicos, expressos no... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this work was originated from the notice of the emphasis the discussion related to environmental issues has received in the media, the scientific community and also in the routine of teachers in class through transversal themes suggested in the National Curriculum Parameters - NCP (in Portuguese, Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCN). Among these so-called themes there is the ―environment‖, which exposes a conception of sustainable development that is understood as the possible way to facing the recent environmental debate. Thus, the goal of this work is to study the appropriation of sustainable development conception the NCP do, as well as to discuss its limits and possibilities related to environmental discussion. Having a theoretical e bibliographical basis, this research was initiated by going deeply in the concept of sustainable development. We started our work from the conception of development in the capitalist production mode, as well as the purpose of sustainability that qualifies the second term. From this perspective the following contradiction was perceived: development in capitalism means economic growing, profit, both based on human and nature exploitation; sustainability includes nature preservation by rational resources use and life quality for everyone. For this reasons, it was descried that the discussions of the NCP do not contemplate this contradiction, but merely allude to it, suggesting the use of the term sustainability instead of sustainable development. In order to proceed with this analysis, the problem was approached from the dialectical contradiction between its historical, economical and social dimensions in the teaching context, based on philosophical, methodological e logical fundaments expressed in dialectical historical materialism. It can be concluded that, despite the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Wels, Volkhard. "Humanistische Ars und deutsche Sprache in Ortholph Fuchspergers "Dialectica deutsch" (1533)." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6927/.
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Der Aufsatz argumentiert, dass der entscheidende Punkt an Ortholph Fuchspergers "Dialectica deutsch" der Nachweis ist, dass es möglich ist, in deutscher Sprache zu argumentieren. Dies richtet sich gegen die alleinige Verwendung der lateinischen Sprache als wissenschaftlicher Sprache. Fuchsperger zieht damit eine Konsequenz aus der humanistischen Umbestimmung des ars-Begriffes als einer deskriptiven und nicht normativen Verfahrensweise.
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Moss, Sean. "The dialectica models of type theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280672.
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This thesis studies some constructions for building new models of Martin-Löf type theory out of old. We refer to the main techniques as gluing and idempotent splitting. For each we give general conditions under which type constructors exist in the resulting model. These techniques are used to construct some examples of Dialectica models of type theory. The name is chosen by analogy with de Paiva's Dialectica categories, which semantically embody Gödel's Dialectica functional interpretation and its variants. This continues a programme initiated by von Glehn with the construction of the polynomial model of type theory. We complete the analogy between this model and Gödel's original Dialectica by using our techniques to construct a two-level version of this model, equipping the original objects with an extra layer of predicates. In order to do this we have to carefully build up the theory of finite sum types in a display map category. We construct two other notable models. The first is a model analogous to the Diller-Nahm variant, which requires a detailed study of biproducts in categories of algebras. To make clear the generalization from the categories studied by de Paiva, we illustrate the construction of the Diller-Nahm category in terms of gluing an indexed system of types together with a system of predicates. Following this we develop the general techniques needed for the type-theoretic case. The second notable model is analogous to the Dialectica category associated to the error monad as studied by Biering. This model has only weak dependent products. In order to get a model with full dependent products we use the idempotent splitting construction, which generalizes the Karoubi envelope of a category. Making sense of the Karoubi envelope in the type-theoretic case requires us to face up to issues of coherence in our models. We choose the route of making sure all of the constructions we use preserve strict coherence, rather than applying a general coherence theorem to produce a strict model afterwards. Our chosen method preserves more detailed information in the final model.
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Pradic, Pierre. "Some proof-theoretical approaches to Monadic Second-Order logic." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN028.
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Cette thèse traite de certains aspects de la logique Monadique du Second Ordre sur les mots infinis (MSO) à travers le prisme de la théorie de la démonstration.Elle contient deux parties distinctes.La première étudie des variantes intuitionistes de MSO avec de fortes propriétés du témoin qui permettent d’extraire des fonctions synchrones à partir de dérivations formelles.Un sous-système constructif avec la propriété du témoin est défini et est prouvé correct et complet pour la synthèse de Church. Pour ce faire, la correspondance entre formules de MSO et automates est raffinée pour donner une sémantique du système constructif où les preuves correspondent à une notion de simulation entre automates non-déterministes. Cette notion est étendue aux automates alternants. Cela mène à un sous-système de MSO plus fin basé sur la logique linéaire. Un théorème de complétude plus fort est montré pour ce dernier reposant sur la détermination des jeux ω-réguliers et une interprétation des formules similaire à la traduction Dialectica de Gödel.La seconde partie s’intéresse à la force axiomatique du théorème de décidabilité de MSO sur les mots infinis et autres résultats afférents de théorie des automates sur les mots infinis dans le cadre des mathématiques à rebours.On montre entre autres une équivalence entre la décidabilité de MSO, la version additive du théorème de Ramsey pour les paires et le principe de récurrence pour les formules Σ⁰₂ dans la théorie RCA₀. On conclut cette partie avec quelques résultats préliminaires concernant la décidabilité de MSO sur les rationnels, qui établissent que des axiomes strictement plus forts sont nécessaires dans ce casThis thesis studies certain aspects of Monadic Second-Order logic over infinitewords (MSO) through the lens of proof-theory. It is split into two independentparts.The first parts studies intuitionistic variants of MSO with strong witnessing properties allowing the extraction of synchronous functions from formal proof derivations.A constructive system with a suitable witnessing property is defined and proven correct and complete with respect to Church’s synthesis. To this end, the usual correspondence between MSO formulas and automata is refined to give a semantics of the constructive subsystem where proofs are correspond to simulations between non-deterministic automata. This notion is extended toalternating automata. This leads to a finer-grained system based on linear logicand MSO, which is then approached similarly. A stronger completeness theoremis shown for this latter system; the proof requires the determination of ω-regular games and an interpretation of linear formulas reminiscent of Gödel’sDialectica.The second part of this thesis is concerned with the axiomatic strength of the decidability theorem for MSO over infinite words and related results on infinite word automata. We proveamong other things an equivalence between the decidability of MSO, the additive version ofRamsey’s theorem for pairs and the principle of Σ⁰₂-induction over the weak artithmetical theoryRCA₀. We conclude this part by collecting a few results concerning the decidability of MSO overrationals, showing that axioms beyond Σ⁰₂-induction are necessary in that case
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Wels, Volkhard. "Triviale Künste : die humanistische Reform der grammatischen, dialektischen und rhetorischen Ausbildung an der Wende zum 16. Jahrhundert. - [2. Aufl.]." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5143/.
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Die Arbeit beschreibt die humanistische Reform des 'Triviums', also der grammatischen, dialektischen (logisch-argumentativen) und rhetorischen Ausbildung, wie sie sich in dem Zeitraum von 1480 bis 1540 an Schulen und Universitäten durchsetzte. Die Arbeit ist dabei sowohl historisch wie systematisch angelegt, indem sie die Lehrinhalte der jeweiligen Kunst an ausgewählten Lehrbüchern darstellt, gleichzeitig aber unter ständigem Rückbezug auf die scholastisch-mittelalterliche Tradition die humanistischen Neuerungen davon abgrenzt. Im Zentrum stehen Werke von Lorenzo Valla, Rudolf Agricola, Erasmus, Juan Luis Vives und Philipp Melanchthon. Es stellt sich dabei heraus, daß die humanistischen Neuerungen in erster Linie die Praxisbezogenheit des Triviums betreffen, erst aus dieser ergeben sich dann die inhaltlichen Neuerungen. Unter Praxisbezogenheit ist dabei sowohl die Ableitung von Grammatik, Dialektik und Rhetorik aus der Beobachtung ihrer immer schon vorgängigen Anwendung zu verstehen, als auch ihre Anwendung zum Zweck der sprachlichen, argumentativ-logischen und rhetorischen Analyse. D.h. das grammatische, dialektische und rhetorische Regelwerk wird auf deskriptivem Wege gewonnen, um wiederum in der Analyse auf die Praxis zurückgewendet zu werden. Dieser Analyse werden dabei von alltäglichen Äußerungen, politischen, religiösen oder sonstigen sachlichen Texten bis hin zu literarischen Werken alles unterzogen. In einem letzten Teil stellt die Arbeit drei solcher Analysen vor und versucht sich schließlich selbst an einer dialektisch-rhetorischen Analyse dreier dramatischer Bearbeitungen der Parabel vom verlorenen Sohn.
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Wu, Jing, and 吴静. "The logic of difference in Deleuze and Adorno: positive constructivism vs negative dialectics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44758340.
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Wels, Volkhard. "Melanchthons Lehrbücher der Dialektik und Rhetorik als komplementäre Teile einer Argumentationstheorie." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6912/.
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Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass Melanchthons Änderungen an den traditionellen Lehrinhalten der Dialektik (Logik) und der Rhetorik in erster Linie nicht inhaltlich, sondern durch die argumentationstheoretische Neuausrichtung der beiden Disziplinen motiviert ist.
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Kelley, Logan. "The Quantum Dialectic." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/4.
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A philosophic account of quantum physics. The thesis is divided into two parts. Part I is dedicated to laying the groundwork of quantum physics, and explaining some of the primary difficulties. Subjects of interest will include the principle of locality, the quantum uncertainty principle, and Einstein's criterion for reality. Quantum dilemmas discussed include the double-slit experiment, observations of spin and polarization, EPR, and Bell's theorem. The first part will argue that mathematical-physical descriptions of the world fall short of explaining the experimental observations of quantum phenomenon. The problem, as will be argued, is framework of the physical descriptive schema. Part I includes in-depth discussions of mathematical principles. Part II will discuss the Copenhagen interpretation as put forth by its founders. The Copenhagen interpretation will be expressed as a paradox: The classical physical language cannot describe quantum phenomenon completely and with certainty, yet this language is the only possible method of articulating the physical world. The paradox of Copenhagen will segway into Kant's critique of metaphysics. Kant's understanding of causality, things-in-themselves, and a priori synthetic metaphysics. The thesis will end with a conclusion of the quantum paradox by juxtaposing anti-materialist Martin Heidegger with quantum founder Werner Heisenberg. Our conclusion will be primarily a discussion of how we understand the world, and specifically how our understanding of the world creates potential for truth.
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McCarthy, John Myles. "Aristotle’s Sophistical Refutations: A Translation with Introduction, Commentary, and Appendices." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108244.
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Thesis advisor: Gary M. GurtlerAristotle’s Sophistical Refutations (SE) investigates the five devices which sophists employ to appear wise in dialogue. The sophist’s primary device is the sophistical refutation which is a particular kind of fallacy. A sophistical refutation is a merely apparent refutation. Thus, the fallacy has two causes: the “causa apparentiae” and the “causa non existentiae." A genuine refutation is a syllogism based on an interlocutor’s opinions that leads necessarily to a conclusion which contradicts some other established position of the interlocutor. The sophist desires especially the apparent refutation of his opponent because the greatest glory follows upon seeming to expose the ultimate defect in opponent’s understanding, a contradiction. The SE neither accounts for every cause of error nor every type of false reasoning; “ad” arguments like ad baculum or ad hominem are not in investigated in the SE because they are not apparent refutations. After a description of the SE’s subject matter, the dissertation’s introduction locates the role of the SE in Aristotle’s Organon and explains why a dialectician would investigate and untie sophisms. Sophistic is the sham portion of the dialectic which is a universal art (τέχνη) of syllogizing from endoxes to the contradiction of an interlocutor. Unlike principles of demonstrations, endoxes are premises that are in accord “with the expectation (ἔνδοξος) of all or most or the wise, and of all the latter or most or of the most knowing.” They do not need to be certain or true; instead, they must be acceptable to a dialectical opponent. Dialecticians derive endoxes from dialectical places (τόποι), i.e., extrinsic and most universal principles which usually affirm relations between logical intentions and may be employed in any given subject matter. Sophists use sophistical places which may be expressed as universal propositions and provide the foundation for the apparent reasonability of the sophistical refutations. That said, unlike dialectical places, Aristotle does not present sophistical places as universal conditional statements of logical intentions; they are presented as common distinctions—such as the distinction between the different senses of a word—that a sophist may exploit to produce a sophistical refutation. A dialectician will study sophistic for the same reasons he will learn dialectic; it is useful for exercise, conversation, and in the philosophical sciences. Moreover, investigating sophisms facilitates appreciation of distinctions that are fundamental to Aristotelian philosophy, protects the philosopher from error, and preserves his reputation. Although translation of Aristotelian logical works is difficult—especially one which contains many examples of linguistic fallacies—the dissertation provides a faithful and consistent translation of the treatise. The line by line commentary contains explanation of the order, purpose, and meaning of the text, clarification of Aristotle’s difficult examples, discussion of scholarly treatment of controversial passages, and references to other relevant passages in the Organon. The dissertation ends with two appendices to provide a thorough treatment of Aristotle’s two most deceptive fallacies: the fallacy of equivocation and the fallacy of the accident. The first appendix locates equivocation as a kind of proper naming (as opposed to figurative) and offers an original interpretation of Aristotle’s argument for the necessity of equivocation based on his understanding of how we name. Afterward, the appendix unfolds the nature and solution to the fallacy, explains Aristotle’s places (τόποι) for detecting equivocation, and categorizes the kinds of equivocation. The second appendix unfolds a unique and overlooked explanation of the fallacy of the accident that allows Aristotle to be read consistently, distinguishes the fallacy from the other fallacies, and accounts for Aristotle’s examples. The fallacy of the accident occurs when a middle term’s connection to one extreme term is accidental to its connection to the other. The appendix locates the fallacy through a reduction of all fallacies outside of speech to ignorance of refutation, offers four distinct meanings of ‘accident’ in Aristotle, shows which meaning Aristotle attributes to the fallacy, divides the fallacy into three species, and answers objections to its explanation
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
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Deitch, Judith A. "The genre of logic and artifice, dialectic, rhetoric, and English dialogues, 1400-1600, Hoccleve to Spenser." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/NQ35142.pdf.
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Schoof, Carlos. "“Some Aspects of the Dialectics of Plato’s Parmenides from a Hegelian Perspective”." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119546.
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The purpose of this paper is to offer a general view of the philosophical affinities between Plato and Hegel through the analysis of the Hegelian interpretation of the Parmenides. We will show how the Hegelian approach to Plato, and his understanding of idealism and dialectics, is determined by Hegel’s debate with the philosophy of Kant. A brief exposé of the differences between Kantian transcendental idealism and Hegelian absolute idealism will be needed. Then, we will show some traits of the Hegelian hermeneutics of Plato in order to understand how the first part of the Parmenides admits parallelisms with certain excerpts of Hegel’s work, both regarding its philosophical purpose as well as stylistically. Finally, the Author expounds the Hegelian evaluation of the dialectical exercise from the second part of the Parmenides. There, Platonic Dialectic fails and does not accomplish its philosophical purpose, and becomes a valuable skepticism consubstantial to philosophical thought.El propósito del presente trabajo es ofrecer un panorama de las afinidades filosóficas entre Platón y Hegel a partir del análisis de la interpretación hegeliana del Parménides. Se mostrará cómo la aproximación hegeliana a Platón y su comprensión del idealismo y la dialéctica están marcadas por el debate con la filosofía kantiana. Esto exige una breve exposición del idealismo trascendental kantiano frente al idealismo absoluto hegeliano, así como de la lógica trascendental kantiana frente a la lógica especulativa hegeliana. Se señalarán luego algunos rasgos hermenéuticos de la interpretación hegeliana de Platón para poder exponer después cómo la primera parte del Parménides admite paralelismos de intención filosófica y hasta narrativos con pasajes de obras de Hegel. Finalmente, se expondrá la evaluación hegeliana del ejercicio dialéctico de la segunda parte del Parménides. Esto exige indicar por qué la dialéctica platónica no logra su cometido filosófico del todo y queda “reducida” a un escepticismo, no desprovisto de valor sino consustancial a toda labor filosófica.
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Flores, Rodríguez Griselda. "Exploring dialectic tensions in teachers' relationships in school settings." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Duncombe, Matthew. "The nature and purpose of relative terms in Plato." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243634.
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Relative terms are those such as ‘larger’, ‘smaller’, ‘parent’ and ‘offspring’. Questions concerning the nature of this type of term in Plato fall under three themes. First, logic: what is the syntax and semantics of relative terms? Second, metaphysics: what structures in the world constitute relative properties? Third, taxonomy: do relative terms form a distinguishable class? Questions concerning purpose ask what role these terms have in the wider economy of Plato’s thought. Only one existing approach addresses all of these themes and questions: it was put forward by G.E.L. Owen in 1957, although it was subsequently developed by others. The Owenian view holds that relatives are syntactically or semantically incomplete, that they are identical to metaphysically dyadic relations and that they do form a taxonomic class. According to Owen, Plato introduces relative terms to bolster a certain argument for the separation of forms and participants. Therefore, they have an ontological purpose. This thesis aims to offer a plausible, non–anachronistic alternative to the Owenian view. To give such an account I have to argue for a radically different logic, metaphysics and purpose for relatives in Plato. I call the view that I defend ‘conjunctivism’. I begin by characterising the logic of conjunctivism. Plato holds that relative terms have formal objects. These are exceptionlessly correct objects of the relative in question. A parent is always and only parent of offspring, so ‘offspring’ is the formal object of ‘parent’. I then demonstrate that the metaphysical problems for relatives which are not dyadic relations are avoided by Plato’s version of conjunctivism. Looking at Sophist 255c–d and Parmenides 133c–134e, I discuss the taxonomy of relative terms. I show that, under the conjunctive reading, they form a distinguishable class and, in contrast to Owenian relatives, each reciprocates with its correlative. So, just as a parent is relative to offspring, so offspring are relative to a parent. With the nature of relative terms established, I proceed to refute Owen’s account of their purpose, and give my own explanation. By looking at passages from the Euthydemus and Charmides, I argue that Plato introduced relative terms to articulate why some arguments are fallacies and others not. That is, relative terms have a dialectical purpose.
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Chang, Paul Y. "Protest and repression in South Korea (1970-1979) : the dialectics of movement emergence and evolution /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Hiller, Mark F. "The labour of the negative : Hegel and Adorno /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39201.pdf.
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Bermejo, Luque Lilian. "Bases filosóficas para una teoría normativa integral de la argumentación. Hacia un enfoque unificado de sus dimensiones lógica, dialéctica y retórica." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10834.
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Tras el análisis de las principales teorías de la argumentación contemporáneas, se desarrollan concepciones alternativas de las dimensiones lógica, dialéctica y retórica de la argumentación de cara a la elaboración de una teoría normativa capaz de integrarlas.After the analysis of the main current theories of argumentation, I develop alternative conceptions of the logical, dialectical and rhetorical dimensions of argumentation towards the elaboration of a normative theory of argumentation able to integrate them.
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Nascimento, Júnior Fábio Baltazar do. "A Ciência da Lógica e o problema da consistência de Hegel : considerações sobre Hegel e o princípio da não-contradição." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15561.
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This work intends to discuss if Hegel s logic is classic or suspends the principle of non-contradiction. We tried to define this logical principle without presupposing any special ontology. We also analyzed some fundamental parts of the Science of Logic, which is a central work of Hegelian system. We believe that our arguments show that Hegel did not disobey the principle of non-contradiction, which can evaluate even ontology of contradiction.Nosso trabalho procura enfrentar o problema de saber se a lógica utilizada por Hegel é consistente ou se consegue suspender o princípio de não-contradição. Para tanto, tentamos definir este princípio de modo que não forçássemos nenhuma ontologia especial e fizemos análise de alguns trechos fundamentais da Ciência da Lógica, que é uma obra central do sistema hegeliano. Acreditamos que nossos argumentos mostrem que Hegel não desobedece ao princípio de não-contradição, que vale para julgar até mesmo ontologias da contradição.
Mestre em Filosofia
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Amatullo, Mariana V. "Design Attitude and Social Innovation: Empirical Studies of the Return on Design." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1429204015.
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Smets, Michael. "Doing deals in a global law firm : the reciprocity of institutions and work." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:48185e10-6537-4305-8af3-8ccb27a07ebb.
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Since the early 1990s, institutional approaches to organizations have increasingly focused on explaining the role of agency in processes of institutional creation and transformation. The paradox of embedded agency, the question of how actors can become motivated and enabled to transform supposedly taken-for-granted practices, structures and norms has become the fundamental puzzle of contemporary institutional theory. Recent attempts to resolve this puzzle under the label of “institutional work” focus on practices aimed at creating, maintaining, and disrupting institutions, but portray them as planned, discrete episodes that unfold in isolation from everyday organizational or social life. Thereby, the label highlights institutionalists’ current neglect of work in its literal meaning as actors’ everyday occupational tasks and activities. The detachment of institutional work from practical work constitutes a significant blind spot in institutionalists’ understanding of agency and calls for research that examines the reciprocity of institutions and work. Drawing on illuminating constructs from theories of practice, this study extends existing field-level approaches to the paradox of embedded agency. It argues for a practice-based institutionalism that focuses on individual actors and the role of their collective micro-level praxis in constituting macro-level institutions. It re-connects institutional arguments to every-day activity rather than organizational or managerial action, unpacks the micro-practices and micro–politics by which actors negotiate institutional contradictions and demonstrates the reciprocity of institutions and work. The research addresses the detachment of institutional and practical work through a single-case study of a global law firm’s banking group. It explores what banking lawyers do when they ‘do deals’ and how their practical work may attain institutional relevance. Positioned at the intersec-tion of local laws, international financial markets, commercial and professional logics, banking lawyers operate across multiple institutional frameworks. Observations and accounts of their work provide particularly rich insights into the dynamics of institutional persistence and change, because they illustrate empirically how contradictory institutionalized concepts, practices and logics are experienced, negotiated, and constituted at work.
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Scarpim, Simone [UNESP]. "Modelagem inicial para o ensino de geometria eucliadiana plana segundo a teoria da atividade de estudo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90933.
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Esta pesquisa é um trabalho que tem como objetivo explorar a potencialidade do modelo da atividade de estudo articulado com a teoria do conhecimento e constituir uma modelagem inicial para o Ensino de Geometria Eucliadiana Plana, segundo o modelo da atividade de estudo. Fundamenta-se na Teoria do Conhecimento Marxista, na Psicologia Sócio-Histórica e no Experimento Formativo (EF) que ocorreu na União Soviética, sob coordenação de Daniíl B. Elkonin e Vasili V. Davidov. Parte da análise de uma Iniciação Científica na qual se apresenta um experimento didático piloto baseado no modelo da atividade de estudo, para conteúdos de Geometria Plana e número real. Apresenta um estudo a respeito da teoria do conhecimento como forma de justificar e evidenciar algumas das escolhas, tanto de organização, quanto de conteúdos que foram abordados. Aborda a teoria da atividade no seu sentido mais geral apresentando a hipótese que o ponto de partida de seu estudo teórico é o conceito de modelo de atividade. Apresenta um estudo da teoria da atividade, nos seus aspectos psicológicos gerais (Leontiev) e da teoria da atividade de estudo formulada no EF. Finalizando a dissertação, são formulados alguns apontamentos para o ensino de Geometria Euclidiana Plana a partir dos pressupostos teóricos abordados, com ênfase no significado do método de ascensão de ascensão do abstrato ao concreto para a assimilação do sistema no significado do método de ascensão do abstrato ao concreto para assimilação do sistema de conceitos desse conteúdo de Matemática. A metodologia foi a reflexão sobre o modelo de atividade de estudo subordinando o modelo lógico-dedutivo da Geometria Euclidiana Plana, de forma a obter-se uma modelagem inicial desse conteúdo segundo a atividade de estudo. Propõe, em termos de hipótese, a relação geneticamente inicial (célula) para o estudo teórico da Geometria...
This research is a theorical study that has a goal to explore the potentiality of the model of the study articulated activity with the theory of the knowledge and to build an initial molding for the study activity. It's based on the Theory of the Marxist Knowledge, in the Socio Historical Psychology and in the Formative Experiment (FE) that occurred in the Soviet Union, coordinated by Daniel B. Elkonin and Vasili V. Davidov. A part of the analyses of a Scientific Study in Which is shown that a didatic experiment based on the model of the study activity, for the content of the Plan Geometry and the real number. It presents a study regarding the knowledge theory as a way of justifying and substantiating some of the choices, as much organization as contents that there used in the study. It broaches the activity theory on its sense more general presenting the hypothesis that the foothold of its theoretical study is the conception of the activity model. It presents a study of the activity theory, on its general psychological aspects (Leontieve) and on the theory of the study activity formulated on the FE. Concluding the dissertation, some notes are made for the teaching of Plan Euclidean Geometry from the prerequisite theoretical report, with emphasis in the meaning of the method of the ascension from the abstract to the concrete for the assimilation of the concepts system of this content of the Mathematics. The Methodology was the reflexion about the model of the study activity, subordinating the model logical deductive of the Plan Euclidean Geometry, to obtain an initial molding of this second content the study activity. It proposes, in hypothesis terms, the genetically initial relation (cell) for the theorical study of the Plan Euclidean Geometry: ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Scarpim, Simone. "Modelagem inicial para o ensino de geometria eucliadiana plana segundo a teoria da atividade de estudo /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90933.
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Orientador: Geraldo Antonio BergamoBanca: Maria Aparecida Mello
Banca: Washington Luiz Pacheco de Carvalho
Resumo: Esta pesquisa é um trabalho que tem como objetivo explorar a potencialidade do modelo da atividade de estudo articulado com a teoria do conhecimento e constituir uma modelagem inicial para o Ensino de Geometria Eucliadiana Plana, segundo o modelo da atividade de estudo. Fundamenta-se na Teoria do Conhecimento Marxista, na Psicologia Sócio-Histórica e no Experimento Formativo (EF) que ocorreu na União Soviética, sob coordenação de Daniíl B. Elkonin e Vasili V. Davidov. Parte da análise de uma Iniciação Científica na qual se apresenta um experimento didático piloto baseado no modelo da atividade de estudo, para conteúdos de Geometria Plana e número real. Apresenta um estudo a respeito da teoria do conhecimento como forma de justificar e evidenciar algumas das escolhas, tanto de organização, quanto de conteúdos que foram abordados. Aborda a teoria da atividade no seu sentido mais geral apresentando a hipótese que o ponto de partida de seu estudo teórico é o conceito de modelo de atividade. Apresenta um estudo da teoria da atividade, nos seus aspectos psicológicos gerais (Leontiev) e da teoria da atividade de estudo formulada no EF. Finalizando a dissertação, são formulados alguns apontamentos para o ensino de Geometria Euclidiana Plana a partir dos pressupostos teóricos abordados, com ênfase no significado do método de ascensão de ascensão do abstrato ao concreto para a assimilação do sistema no significado do método de ascensão do abstrato ao concreto para assimilação do sistema de conceitos desse conteúdo de Matemática. A metodologia foi a reflexão sobre o modelo de atividade de estudo subordinando o modelo lógico-dedutivo da Geometria Euclidiana Plana, de forma a obter-se uma modelagem inicial desse conteúdo segundo a atividade de estudo. Propõe, em termos de hipótese, a relação geneticamente inicial (célula) para o estudo teórico da Geometria ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research is a theorical study that has a goal to explore the potentiality of the model of the study articulated activity with the theory of the knowledge and to build an initial molding for the study activity. It's based on the Theory of the Marxist Knowledge, in the Socio Historical Psychology and in the Formative Experiment (FE) that occurred in the Soviet Union, coordinated by Daniel B. Elkonin and Vasili V. Davidov. A part of the analyses of a Scientific Study in Which is shown that a didatic experiment based on the model of the study activity, for the content of the Plan Geometry and the real number. It presents a study regarding the knowledge theory as a way of justifying and substantiating some of the choices, as much organization as contents that there used in the study. It broaches the activity theory on its sense more general presenting the hypothesis that the foothold of its theoretical study is the conception of the activity model. It presents a study of the activity theory, on its general psychological aspects (Leontieve) and on the theory of the study activity formulated on the FE. Concluding the dissertation, some notes are made for the teaching of Plan Euclidean Geometry from the prerequisite theoretical report, with emphasis in the meaning of the method of the ascension from the abstract to the concrete for the assimilation of the concepts system of this content of the Mathematics. The Methodology was the reflexion about the model of the study activity, subordinating the model logical deductive of the Plan Euclidean Geometry, to obtain an initial molding of this second content the study activity. It proposes, in hypothesis terms, the genetically initial relation (cell) for the theorical study of the Plan Euclidean Geometry: ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Demarle-Casadebaig, Monique. "Gongsun Long 公孫龍 : des noms à la désignation, la pensée du langage en Chine à l'époque des Royaumes-combattants." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0024.
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Ce travail propose la traduction et le commentaire de l'ensemble des textes par lesquels nous a été transmis l’enseignement de Gongsun Long 公孫龍 (320-250) axé sur la question de la « rectitude » ou « correction » des noms. Pour éclairer ce débat dont les termes ne peuvent être directement transcrits dans le langage de la logique, de la linguistique ou de la philosophie moderne, on a cherché à reconstituer les préoccupations de « l’école des noms » mingjia 名家. Dans une époque de désordre social, cette école a repensé l’exigence confucéenne de la rectitude des noms en liaison avec le besoin de classification des termes en l’étendant à des intérêts précis, aussi bien dans le domaine de l’application des lois, que des définitions et de la nature. Dans ce contexte historique le Gongsun Longzi 公孫龍子peut se comprendre comme visant à accomplir définitivement le projet de l’école des noms mais dans une forme originale et étrangère aux différents modes d’argumentation de l’époque. Gongsun Long serait ainsi, à sa manière, le penseur d’un moment de crise dans la transmission de la tradition confucéenne. Sa méthode l’a éloigné de ses devanciers mais aussi de ses contemporains, sans qui pourtant nous ne pourrions le comprendre, et ses successeurs se sont écartés de lui comme d’une sorte d’imposteur, sans peut-être l’avoir compris. Par les éclaircissements qu’il tente d’apporter à ce destin singulier, ce travail propose donc les rudiments d’une « apologie de Gongsun Long », qui essaie finalement de rendre compréhensible et « logiquement acceptable » toute la profondeur de la pensée de la désignation, dont on s’efforce de montrer que, jusque dans le style paradoxal qu’elle requiert pour son expression, elle est inséparable et même révélatrice d’une originalité de la langue chinoise, qu’elle contribue fortement à mettre en lumièreThis work provides a translation with commentary of all remaining texts by which we can know the learning of Gongsun Long 公孫龍 (320 – 250 BC). His main concern was about “correction of names”, a topic commonly disputed at the time of Warring Kingdoms, but the meaning of which cannot easily appear in the language of logic, linguistics or philosophy of our time. This is why our work had to include an historical survey of the School of Names in its debates about this topic, firstly proceeding from Confucius lessons. In that time of violent public troubles, the confucianist claim for correctedness of names was connected by this school with precise needs of classification, for the sake of applying laws, defining terms, and rhetoric. The Gongsun Longzi 公孫龍子purpose may be understood as an attempt to fulfil the project of School of Names, but in a so freshly new form and strange style in this time that Gongsun Long gives us a witness of a moment of crisis in history of the confucianist tradition. Because of his method, he stood aside from previous and contemporary thinkers, and posterity indeed threw some contempt on him as if guilty of delusion. Trying to enlighten so sad a fate, our work is pleading for some “apology for Gongsun Long”, in order to make sense of his deep study of meaning, and show how the paradoxes required for his expression give strong evidence for the original character of Chinese language itself
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Wikström, Patrik. "Den argumenterande Olof Palme : en argumentationsanalys av strukturer och strukturbrott i Olof Palmes inlägg i valdebatten mot Thorbjörn Fälldin i Scandinavium, Göteborg, 1976." Licentiate thesis, Örebro University, Department of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1528.
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Abstract
The topic of the present dissertation is argumentation in the late statesman Olof Palme (1927-1986). One may reasonably think that the fascination for Palme is mainly due to his way of expressing his policy, and therefore also to his argumentation strategy. The theoretical background consists of Lloyd F. Bitzers’s theory on the rhetorical situation, Stephen E. Toulmin’s theory on the description of argumentation structures and on the notion of fallacy, as it appears in pragma-dialectics and informal logic. The rhetorical situation is used to identify vital presuppositions and conditions surrounding the analysed argumentation.Toulmin’s theoretical model is used to analyse structures in the argumentation, and the notion of fallacy is used to discover infringements upon these structures. The object of this analysis is the decisive electoral debates of autumn 1976 between Olof Palme and Thorbjörn Fälldin, held in Scandinavium, Gothenburg, Sweden. Palme had to think of a number of surrounding conditions, such as that the debate was decisive, the composition of the audience. Palme and Fälldin otherwise appeared to be rather equally equipped for the debate. Palme’s task was primarily to gain the number of votes needed to continue to keep social democracy in power. There seem to exist several levels making up his argumentation, grouped under attack and defence. Defence is in most cases based upon a strong connection with the social democrat tradition. The attack is more complicated, linked to Palme’s overall argumentative intention: to depict the non-socialists as a bad governing alternative, and the social democrats as a better one. Fallacies are regarded as instances of breaking the frame of rules that govern a critical discussion. Palme has several fallacy-like features in his argumentation. Among those, most common, are that he attacks the person Thorbjörn Fälldin, instead of the policy or party that he represents. Palme also starts from presupposed premises and tries to link the economic policy of the alliance to an intellectually-thought delimiting between liberal and conservative capitalism and social-democrat solidarity. He strives to portray the liberals and conservatives as money-orientated, whereas social democracy is depicted as people-orientated.Palme goes arguably too far at several moments during the debate,which possibly hurts his own argumentation.
Keywords: Olof Palme, argumentation, argumentation analysis, rhetoric, rhetorical situation, Toulmin´s argumentative model, fallacy, informal logic, pragma-dialectic, critical discussion, debate, Thorbjörn Fälldin, social democracy, election
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Chen, Li, and 陳力. "The Natioanlism''s View on the Trend of Unification-Independence in Taiwan: the Perspective of Dialectical Logic." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54898747155260504465.
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碩士銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士班
100
The existence of Taiwan is acknowledged but not recognized by almost all nations. The purpose of this research is not to come up solutions to the parodox but search an approach to explain the paradox.The focus is “How To Explain It” instead of “How To Solve It”. The main question asked in this paper is whether Taiwan is a country. The author tries to define country with the help of dialetical logic. By this view, nation is nothing but a temporary collectivity. Therefore, the status of Taiwan can not only be explained as an independent country but also be explained as a part of China under “one country, two systems”.
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Jurkovic, Ivan Come. "Logic of life and dialectic. A perspective of the principles of Wilhelm Dilthey's and Georg Misch's philosophy of life : Schleiermacher's Dialectic background." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338261.
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This paper aims to seek how far the main concepts and principles of the life's philosophy thought of as « life's logic », developped by Georg Misch, are common to a logic which goes in the direction of a real dialectic, as proposed by Schleiermacher. This life's logic will be considered in itself through the tensions it is trying to keep alive, its critical dimension to Heideggers Fundamentalontology, and in a retrospective view, by seeking the meaning of logic in Diltheys philosophy on which Georg Misch founds his purpose. Therefore, the need, meaning and conception of philosophy of life for Dilthey will be exposed through the new experience field he opened, the new task given to the logic, to the theory of knowledge and to the methodology, and also through the new conceptuality needed to accomplish this task. By the exposition of the fundamental presuppositions of this life-immanent logic it will be discussed how far Schleiermacher's transcendental foundations of knowledge as an endless progress happening between debating subjects can or have to be part of it. This will be done considering the impossibilities implicated by the fact that he represents the metaphysical thought that has to be overstepped. Keywords: G. Misch, W. Dilthey, F. Schleiermacher, Philosophy of Life, dialectic, immanent...
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Ozkara, Sila. "Hegel's Circular Epistemology in the Phenomenology of Spirit and the Science of Logic." 2013. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/etd,162296.
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This thesis concerns the circular epistemology of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit and Science of Logic. I argue that these works can be read as epistemologies based on the dialectical structure of their progression. Furthermore, I claim that this dialectical structure is circular. I hold that the epistemology of these works is circular not only because it is anti-foundational, self-justifying, and presuppositionless, but also in these works one instance of knowledge depends on the next for its justification and so on, until the last instance of knowledge returns to the first. Hegel sharply attacks Reinhold in The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's System of Philosophy, but changes his mind in the Science of Logic to embrace elements of Reinhold's philosophy. I argue that, through this circular epistemological reading of the Phenomenology of Spirit and the Science of Logic, we can account for Hegel's changing view.McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts;
Philosophy
MA;
Thesis;
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Lee, Ling-Yee, and 李令儀. "The Dialectic logics of culture and commerce:The Development and changes of Book Publishing Industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59c6u2.
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博士國立臺灣大學
社會學研究所
103
Being cultural commodities, Books are carriers and disseminators of ideas, by which knowledge is passed from authors to readers, from one generation to the next. Because books played a pivotal and crucial role in the intellectual, cultural, and educational sphere, the process of production of book industry is influenced by the conditions beyond the principles of supply-demand model and profit-making. All the belief of publishers and editors, the culture value about books in the society, and the policy of the state would shape the configuration of publishing market. My dissertation explores the market process, changes and consequence of the development and transformation of book publishing industry of Taiwan. Due to the distinct historical and social context, Taiwan’s book publishing industry developed a distinguished model, which some local publishers named “compressed growth”. For one thing, the freedom of speech and publishing was severely monitored and purged until the KMT government lifted the martial law on 1987. From the late 1980s, Taiwan’s publishing industry grew at a rapid and striking rate. There were as many as 10,000 book publishing firms in this country, according to a recent figure, issuing more than 40,000 new titles annually. Given the population and book market are relatively small in Taiwan, the surprising publishing energy in Taiwan is relatively high. Thus, there are two chief problematics of this research. The first one is more general: what are the distinctive logics of the book publishing industry? How does the belief and value of the publishers and other agents influence their commercial operation? How do publishers and other agents in this industry moderate the tension between the goals of culture and commerce? The second one tries to solve an empirical puzzle of publishing industry in Taiwan: why do the publishers publish so much books during the decline of the numbers of reading publics and the period of economic distress? The problem of overproduction and inefficiency of this industry was obvious since the book return rate was more than 40% in recent years. Based on the concepts of the “field” of Pierre Bourdieu, the “publishing chain” of John B. Thompson, and the “circuits of commerce” of Vivianna Zelizer, I construct a conception of “publishing circuits of commerce” as an analyzing framework in my study. The findings suggested that the institutions and logics of the publishing field reinforce the overproduction and the unbalance of supply and demand through the tightly embedded commercial ties. The financial embeddedness through the institutions such as preservation account, the monthly checkout and payment system constitutes a kind of overembededdness, which ossifies the commercial linkages of the production, distribution and sales sectors of the publishing circuits of commerce, and intensifies the inefficiency of the publishing chain. The contributions of this study are as follows. First, as the existed researches about embeddedness and netwok analysis say little about power, my research analyze the power relationship of different agents and organizations; second, I indicate that the effort trying to enhance the efficiency of the distributors and major retail channels does not elevate the efficiency of the whole industry either, but to threaten the survival of other agents in the other sectors. Third, as the great uncertainties of the publishing field, the vital strategy is effectiveness which keeps organizations surviving; as the unpredictability of profit and growth in publishing field, the better strategy is fuzzy logic which try to lower the risk and to be flexible, and the rationalization principle of efficiency would conflict with the logics of effectiveness.
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Kulcinski, Arcadi. "Técnicas de Persuasão." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14785.
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A presente investigação tem como objetivo principal identificar e explicar as
diversas técnicas de comunicação que poderão ser utilizadas na persuasão e na
manipulação de pensamento, opiniões e disposição para a ação (diathesis) de um
auditório. A partir da exploração da arte de retórica, aplicada à comunicação
interpessoal, assim como aos outros meios de comunicação, sobretudo o audiovisual,
e também na exploração de comunicação não-verbal, pretende-se demostrar e
explicar os diversos métodos e procedimentos de persuasão e de manipulação. Estas
serão divididas em três grupos, cada um referente aos modos de persuasão de
Aristóteles, isto é o ethos, pathos e logos, também designados pelo autor como
“provas técnicas” na sua Techné Rhetoriké, obra inaugural sobre o estudo reflexivo do
que ele designa por “meios persuasivos implicados em cada caso”.
Uma especial atenção é focada nas três técnicas de criação da empatia,
procedimentos essenciais para dispor o auditório perante o orador e para a criação de
culto à personalidade. A interpretação e o desenvolvimento da linguagem corporal é,
sem dúvida uma base importante para toda a comunicação persuasiva e, por isso
mesmo, a maior parte dos procedimentos puramente retóricos serão interlaçados com
a comunicação não-verbal que, segundo algumas estimativas, representa 95% de toda
a comunicação. Não será ousado dizer que a comunicação não-verbal esta já, presente
na interacção entre os animais de uma mesma espécie, designadamente nos rituais de
acasalamento. Por isso, ser-nos-ia impossível ignorar o seu contributo numa
investigação sobre a persuasão e a manipulação no quadro da comunicação
interpessoal.
Como corolário da investigação a desenvolver na presente Dissertação,
procederemos a uma análise empírica das técnicas de persuasão e de manipulação
utilizadas num filme de propaganda de 1934 sobre a Alemanha Nazi da terceira década
do século XX, realizado por Leni Riefenstahl e chamado “O triunfo da vontade”. Propomos, no limite, demonstrar a eficácia performativa da retórica quando, como
acontece no caso estudado, é levada ao limite na sua capacidade de manipulação e
controlo da mente humana. Só que, no caso empírico estudado, não estamos já a falar,
com rigor, da arte retórica tal como foi fundada por Aristóteles e reabilitada por Chaïm
Perelman, mas sim de refinados artifícios retóricos ao serviço da manipulação e
controlo do pensamento. Com esta investigação pretendo demostrar a importância da
comunicação estratégica e tecnicamente estruturada assente nos modos de persuasão
retórica, com a finalidade desta ser eficaz