Journal articles: 'Diagram correlation'

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Nugroho, Heru Santoso Wahito, Sanglar Polnok, Tanko Titus Auta, Ambo Dalle, Bahtiar Bahtiar, Pius Selasa, Koekoeh Hardjito, Atik Badi’ah, Fransiskus Salesius Onggang, and I. Putu Suiraoka. "What is a Good Way to Visualize the Positive Correlation between Two Numerical Variables?" Aloha International Journal of Multidisciplinary Advancement (AIJMU) 3, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/aijmu30201.

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Most of the results of correlation analysis between variables are not equipped with visualization, so it is deemed necessary to explain how best to visualize the results of correlation analysis, especially for numerical variables. In this case, the best way to present correlations between numerical variables is a scatter diagram. If the points on the diagram are closer to the straight line, the higher the correlation coefficient, meaning that the degree of correlation is getting stronger. In this case, the positive correlation is indicated by the line from the lower left to the upper right. This visualization helps clarify the reader's understanding of the results of the correlation analysis, as well as being a valuable lesson for their similar research projects. Keywords: positive correlation; correlation coefficient; visualization; scatter diagram

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Foerster, D. "Planar diagram approach to the correlation problem." Physical Review B 61, no. 8 (February 15, 2000): R5066—R5069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.61.r5066.

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Lei, Ya-Juan. "X-ray cross-correlation analysis of the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S306 (May 2014): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314010655.

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AbstractWe analyze the cross-correlation function of the soft and hard X-rays of the atoll source 4U 1636-53 with RXTE data. The results show that the cross-correlations evolve along the different branches of the color-color diagram. At the lower left banana states, we have both positive and ambiguous correlations, and positive correlations are dominant for the lower banana and the upper banana states. The anti-correlation is detected at the top of the upper banana states. The cross-correlations of two atoll sources 4U 1735-44 and 4U 1608-52 have been studied in previous work, and the anti-correlations are detected at the lower left banana or the top of the upper banana states. Our results show that, in the 4U 1636-53, the distribution of the cross-correlations in the color-color diagram is similar to those of 4U 1735-44 and 4U 1608-52, and confirm further that the distribution of cross-correlations in color-color diagram could be correlated with the luminosity of the source.

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Arifin, Mohammad Nazir, and Daniel Siahaan. "Structural and Semantic Similarity Measurement of UML Use Case Diagram." Lontar Komputer : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Informasi 11, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/lkjiti.2020.v11.i02.p03.

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Reusing software has several benefits ranging from reducing cost and risk, accelerating development, and its primary purposes are improving software quality. In the early stage of software development, reusing existing software artifacts may increase the benefit of reusing software because it uses mature artifacts from previous artifacts. One of software artifacts is diagram, and in order to assist the reusing diagram is to find the level of similarity of diagrams. This paper proposes a method for measuring the similarity of the use case diagram using structural and semantic aspects. For structural similarity measurement, Graph Edit Distance is used by transforming each factor and use case into a graph, while for semantic similarity measurement, WordNet, WuPalmer,and Levenshtein were used. The experimentation was conducted on ten datasets from variousprojects. The results of the method were compared with the results of assessments from experts.The measurement of agreement between experts and method was done by using Gwet’s AC1 andPearson correlation coefficient. Measurement results with Gwet’s AC1 diagram similarity are 0,60,which were categorized as “moderate" agreement and the result of measurement with Pearsonis 0.506 which means there is a significant correlation between experts and methods. The resultshowed that the proposed method can be used to find the similarity of the diagram, so finding andreuse of the diagram as a software component can be optimized.

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Eryshev, Vladimir, Nickolay Karpenko, and Artur Zhemchuyev. "INTEGRAL PARAMETERS OF CONCRETE DIAGRAMS FOR CALCULATIONS OF STRENGTH OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS USING THE DEFORMATION MODEL." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2020-16-1-25-37.

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In accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, restrictions are introduced on stress levels at the end of the falling branch of the diagrams at the maximum normalized strain values. We have developed mathematical models that establish a uniform sequence for calculating the unambiguous values of deformations at the base points of concrete diagrams, taking into account the accepted functional relationships and the rules for their use according to the tables of normative documents. It was shown that for equal values of deformations and stresses at base points, analytical expressions of diagram recommended by regulatory documents, even if it differs in structure, give identical outlines, diagram branches coincide. The correlation between the calculation models by Russian and foreign regulatory documents was established by comparing the values of the integral parameters of the diagrams and the ultimate forces obtained by calculating the reinforced concrete element according to the deformation model. As integral parameters of concrete deformation diagrams, it was recommended to use areas bounded by diagram branches and diagram completeness coefficients. Analytical modeling of integral parameters allowed us to exclude the procedure for numerically summing stresses along elementary strips in a section and solving nonlinear equations by the method of successive approximations when calculating the strength of an element.

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Schulze, W., and D. Kolb. "H+2 correlation diagram from finite element calculations." Chemical Physics Letters 122, no. 3 (December 1985): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(85)80575-3.

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Amirfeyz, Rouin, Sanchit Mehendale, Sarah Tyrrell, Raj Bhatia, Ian Leslie, and Gordon Bannister. "KATZ AND STIRRAT HAND DIAGRAM REVISITED." Hand Surgery 15, no. 02 (January 2010): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810410004667.

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Katz and Stirrat devised a hand diagram, which uses subjective information from the patient for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). They reported a good result. We tested the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of this hand diagram. Twenty five consecutive patients with a diagnosis of CTS, 25 with other common hand and wrist problems but CTS and 25 healthy individuals were prospectively recruited. Each patient filled in a hand diagram. Two experienced hand surgeon scored the diagrams blindly on two different sittings four-week apart. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen's Kappa were used for intra and inter-observer reliability respectively. The intra-observer agreement was poor (ICC 95% 0.33–0.65) and inter-observer was fair (Kappa = 0.241). This study does not support the use of Katz and Stirrat Hand Diagram for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome in place if a thorough clinical examination.

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Li, Q., Z. Li, L. Chen, and C. Yao. "Regionalization of coaxial correlation diagrams for the semi-humid and semi-arid catchments in Northern China." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 368 (May 7, 2015): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-317-2015.

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Abstract. This study aims to identify both hydrologically and physically similar catchments which would be the best donors for runoff prediction in ungauged catchments. For this study, eight gauged catchments located in the semi-humid and semi-arid regions of Northern China were used. Hydrological similarity was defined based on the transferability of coaxial correlation diagrams. The physical similarity among catchments was determined by a weighted Euclidean distance based on 19 catchment descriptors including catchment topography, land cover, and soil type. The overlap between hydrologically similar catchments and physically similar catchments was then analysed to identify the best donors. The results suggest that six catchments were hydrologically similar, of which four catchments were both hydrologically and physically similar. It is argued that once a reliable coaxial correlation diagram has been established, the coaxial correlation diagram can be transferred from one catchment to another for runoff prediction, provided that these catchments are physical similar.

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Zhang, Chun You, and Xiao Qiang Wu. "Intrusion Scenario Dynamic Correlation Algorithm Based on Single Value Causality Diagram." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3063.

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In order to obtain the effective network intrusion alarm information, and reveal the intention of attackers, an intrusion scenario dynamic correlation algorithm is proposed based on single value causality diagram. According to the composition principle of single value causality diagram, the key factors of the cause and effect diagram are defined. By relating the alarm information of intrusion detection system, attack scenarios are constructed based on cause and effect diagram, and dynamic correction is conduct. Based on the MIT Lincoln laboratory data sets, the correlation test is done using the above attack scenario correlation algorithm. Test results show that the reconstruction of attack scenarios and actual condition have very good consistency, proving that the proposed correlation algorithm can correctly reflect the real hacker intrusion process. The research of this paper provides effective help for the security administrator to implement effective management measures.

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Li, Qiaoling, Zhijia Li, Yuelong Zhu, Yuanqian Deng, Ke Zhang, and Cheng Yao. "Hydrological regionalisation based on available hydrological information for runoff prediction at catchment scale." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 379 (June 5, 2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-379-13-2018.

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Abstract. Regionalisation provides a way of transferring hydrological information from gauged to ungauged catchments. The past few decades has seen several kinds of regionalisation approaches for catchment classification and runoff predictions. The underlying assumption is that catchments having similar catchment properties are hydrological similar. This requires the appropriate selection of catchment properties, particularly the inclusion of observed hydrological information, to explain the similarity of hydrological behaviour. We selected observable catchments properties and flow duration curves to reflect the hydrological behaviour, and to regionalize rainfall-runoff response for runoff prediction. As a case study, we investigated 15 catchments located in the Yangtze and Yellow River under multiple hydro-climatic conditions. A clustering scheme was developed to separate the catchments into 4 homogeneous regions by employing catchment properties including hydro-climatic attributes, topographic attributes and land cover etc. We utilized daily flow duration curves as the indicator of hydrological response and interpreted hydrological similarity by root mean square errors. The combined analysis of similarity in catchment properties and hydrological response suggested that catchments in the same homogenous region were hydrological similar. A further validation was conducted by establishing a rainfall-runoff coaxial correlation diagram for each catchment. A common coaxial correlation diagram was generated for each homogenous region. The performances of most coaxial correlation diagrams met the national standard. The coaxial correlation diagram can be transferred within the homogeneous region for runoff prediction in ungauged catchments at an hourly time scale.

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Hasegawa, Shinji, Masatake Kawada, Takashi Semura, Shiro Matsumura, Kenji Muto, and Koichi Nakamura. "Auto Recognition of Handwriting Sequence Diagram using Correlation Method." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 122, no. 2 (2002): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.122.191.

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Biebighauser, Daniel P., John Gregoire, and Darin J. Ulness. "General counting formulae for factorized time correlation diagram analysis." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 320 (March 2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(02)01594-7.

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Chayes, J. T., L. Chayes, and J. Machta. "Phase diagram and correlation length bounds for Mandelbrot aerogels." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 26, no. 17 (September 7, 1993): 4249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/26/17/031.

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Shigabaeva, G. N., and E. O. Akhtyrskaya. "Correlation analysis of heavy metals in sediments." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 2-3 (May 20, 2014): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67561.

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This paper presents the results of chemical analysis of lakes sediments in the taiga zone of Western Siberia. The total content and mobile forms of heavy metals are determined, correlation diagram for the heavy metal content is made, Clarke concentrations are calculated. There is constructed a matrix of pair correlations using the program Statistika 6.0.

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Burlyaeva, E. V., V. V. Burlyaev, V. V. Kononenko, and V. S. Tsekhanovich. "Verification of functional models of chemical manufacturing." Fine Chemical Technologies 14, no. 4 (September 15, 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-4-69-76.

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A generalized algorithm for the verification of functional models and the rules for the verification of diagrams related by levels of detail were developed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the analysis of a tree which describes the decompose relations in functional diagrams. At each step of the algorithm, a pair consisting of a parent diagram and a functional diagram is selected, and the correlation of the arrows and their roles is checked for both. The formalization of the verification rules was based on the set-theoretic representation of functional diagrams in the form of labeled oriented graphs. The rules make it possible to map the position and roles of the arrows associated with the detailed function block of the parent diagram to the arrows of the child diagram. The following rules for each of the possible arrow roles were established: “input”, “output”, “control”, “mechanism”. The use of the logic programming language PROLOG was proposed for the implementation of the algorithm. A knowledge base structure comprised of 3 interrelated predicates to describe the tree of diagrams, nodes and edges of the graphs was suggested. A query to check the verification rules was formed, and methods of binding variables and fixing roles were considered. The analysis and verification of a fragment of a functional model for the production of vinyl acetate from ethylene was conducted as an example. The functional diagrams for the processes “Condensate separation” and “Vinyl acetate isolation” connected by a decompose relation were developed, their set-theoretic models were constructed, and the use of rules for the verification of each type of arrow were considered.

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Su, Zhu, Weibing Deng, Jihui Han, Wei Li, and Xu Cai. "Occurrence of synchronized flow due to overtaking strategy in the Nagel–Schreckenberg model." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 12 (November 23, 2016): 1650147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116501473.

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The Nagel–Schreckenberg model with overtaking strategy (NSOS) is proposed, and numerical simulations are performed for both closed and open boundary conditions. The fundamental diagram, space-time diagram and spatial-temporal distribution of speed are investigated. In order to identify the synchronized flow state, both the correlation functions (autocorrelation and cross-correlation) and the one-minute average flow rate versus density diagram are studied. All the results verify that synchronized flow does occur in our model.

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Zhiyong, Li, Zhao Hongdong, Zeng Ruili, Xia Kewen, Guo Qiang, and Li Yuhai. "Fault Identification Method of Diesel Engine in Light of Pearson Correlation Coefficient Diagram and Orthogonal Vibration Signals." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (February 27, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2837580.

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In order to select fault feature parameters simply and quickly and improve the identification rate of diesel engine faults by using the vibration signals, this paper proposes a diesel engine fault identification method on the basis of the Pearson correlation coefficient diagram (PCC Diagram) and the orthogonal vibration signals. At first, the orthogonal vibration acceleration signals are synchronously acquired in the direction of the top and side of the cylinder head. And the time-domain feature parameters are extracted from the orthogonal vibration acceleration signals to obtain the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Then, the correlation coefficient diagram used to do feature parameter screening is constructed by selecting the feature parameters with the correlation coefficient of more than 0.9. Finally, generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is adopted to classify and identify fuel supply fault in diesel engine. The results show that using the PCC Diagram can simplify the selection process of the feature parameters of the orthogonal vibration signals quickly and effectively. It can also improve the fault identification rate of diesel engine significantly with the help of adding the newly proposed cross-correlation coefficient of the orthogonal vibration signals into the GRNN input feature vector set.

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Liu, Weian, and Tara Hutchinson. "Characterizing Seismic Resiliency Using an Energy Dissipation-Recentering Correlation Diagram." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 3 (August 2016): 1545–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/101214eqs154m.

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For a structural system, the potential to dissipate energy and recenter during an earthquake are two important characteristics that support seismic resiliency. This paper proposes two dimensionless parameters, namely, an energy dissipation ratio ( R ED) and a recentering ratio ( R RC), to quantify the potential of an inelastic mechanism to dissipate hysteretic energy and recover from inelastic deformations, respectively. For most mechanisms used in seismic design, these two parameters are not independent, but rather, they are inherently related. In this work, an R ED- R RC correlation diagram is established by placing each parameter within a two-dimensional plot. Importantly, four different zones with varying seismic response attributes are identified. Numerical studies considering various idealized inelastic systems coupled with experimental data are then utilized to demonstrate the utility of the R ED- R RC correlation diagram as a simple design tool for estimating the seismic resiliency of a system.

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Milošević, Nenad Zoran, Aleksandar Stojan Sedmak, Gordana Miodrag Bakić, Vukić Lazić, Miloš Milošević, Goran Mladenović, and Aleksandar Maslarević. "Determination of the Actual Stress–Strain Diagram for Undermatching Welded Joint Using DIC and FEM." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 4691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164691.

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This paper presents new methodology for determining the actual stress–strain diagram based on analytical equations, in combination with numerical and experimental data. The first step was to use the 3D digital image correlation (DIC) to estimate true stress–strain diagram by replacing common analytical expression for contraction with measured values. Next step was to estimate the stress concentration by using a new methodology, based on recently introduced analytical expressions and numerical verification by the finite element method (FEM), to obtain actual stress–strain diagrams, as named in this paper. The essence of new methodology is to introduce stress concentration factor into the procedure of actual stress evaluation. New methodology is then applied to determine actual stress–strain diagrams for two undermatched welded joints with different rectangular cross-section and groove shapes, made of martensitic steels X10 CrMoVNb 9-1 and Armox 500T. Results indicated that new methodology is a general one, since it is not dependent on welded joint material and geometry.

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Thakur, Abhishek Kumar, Rajendra Prasad Gorrey, Vikas Jindal, and Krishna Muralidharan. "A data-driven approach to approximate the correlation functions in cluster variation method." Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 30, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-651x/ac3a16.

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Abstract The cluster variation method is one of the thermodynamic models used to calculate phase diagrams considering short range order (SRO). This method predicts the SRO values through internal variables referred to as correlation functions (CFs), accurately up to the cluster chosen in modeling the system. Determination of these CFs at each thermodynamic state of the system requires solving a set of nonlinear equations using numerical methods. In this communication, a neural network model is proposed to predict the values of the CFs. This network is trained for the bcc phase under tetrahedron approximation for both ordering and phase separating systems. The results show that the network can predict the values of the CFs accurately and thereby Helmholtz energy and the phase diagram with significantly less computational burden than that of conventional methods used.

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Corchero, R., A. Marcilla, M. M. Olaya, P. Carbonell-Hermida, and A. Soto. "Equilibria and correlation of systems involving 1-hexyl-3-methylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate." RSC Advances 9, no. 72 (2019): 42524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09283h.

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Li, Yang, Xiaohua Zhao, Qing He, Lihua Huang, and Jian Rong. "Comprehensive Evaluation and Classification of Interchange Diagrammatic Guide Signs’ Complexity." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9865305.

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The effectiveness of interchange diagrammatic guide signs has significant meaning in traffic safety and driver’s understanding. This paper presented a comprehensive evaluation and classification of interchange diagrammatic guide signs’ complexity. The effectiveness of interchange diagrammatic guide signs relies on how well road users can understand those diagrams. This study tested 37 types of diagrams on the visual recognition complexity degree in three levels, general level, partial level, and detailed level, and finally seven indexes are selected to evaluation and classification of interchange diagrammatic guide signs’ complexity. These indexes can be used to conduct quantitative evaluation and classification. And the result of diagram complexity range is between −1.366 and 2.046, which have a correlation with graph cognition complexity, including perspective of distribution, diagram character, essential element expression manner, and utilization degree, andK-means clustering method was used in the analysis. Based on the presented method, 37 types of diagrams are separated into three categories according to their complexity score: low complexity, medium complexity, and high complexity. This study not only presents a theoretical approach for quantitative evaluation of guide signs’ complexity and effectiveness but also can be a reference for traffic sign design and application.

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Rybakov, Vladimir, and Alexander Sergey. "Mathematical Analogy between Non-Uniform Torsion and Transverse Bending of Thin-Walled Open Section Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.746.

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The objective of this work is to identify and make an analysis of correlation between functions of bimoments and function of bending moments arising in the beams under the same loads. This article shows the possibility of using a diagram of bending moment multiplied by a factor as a diagram of bimoment. The maximum deviation between diagram of bending moment and diagram of bimoment made up 3.6 % of maximum bending moment in case of uniformly distributed load on one side of fixed supported beam.

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Tan, Mao, Bian Xiufang, Xue Xianying, Zhang Yanning, Guo Jing, and Sun Baoan. "Correlation between viscosity of molten Cu–Sn alloys and phase diagram." Physica B: Condensed Matter 387, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2005.10.140.

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Kolomeisky, Eugene B., and Joseph P. Straley. "Phase diagram and correlation exponents for interacting fermions in one dimension." Reviews of Modern Physics 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 175–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.68.175.

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Nishizawa, T., I. Ohnuma, and K. Ishida. "Correlation between interfacial energy and phase diagram in ceramic-metal systems." Journal of Phase Equilibria 22, no. 3 (May 2001): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497101770338761.

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Latgé, A., E. V. Anda, and J. L. Morán-López. "Effects of correlation and disorder on the phase diagram ofYBa2Cu3O6+x." Physical Review B 42, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 2543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.42.2543.

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Calvet, M. T., M. A. Cuevas-Diarte, Y. Haget, P. R. van der Linde, and H. A. J. Oonk. "Binary p-dihalobenzene systems - correlation of thermochemical and phase-diagram data." Calphad 15, no. 3 (July 1991): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916(91)90002-2.

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Kocharian, A., and A. Sogomonian. "Phase diagram and correlation function decay of bipolarons in 2D lattices." Physica B: Condensed Matter 194-196 (February 1994): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(94)90552-5.

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Marcilla, Antonio, María del Mar Olaya, Paloma Carbonell-Hermida, Marta K. Wojtczuk, Héctor Rodríguez, Eva Rodil, and Ana Soto. "Acetone + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate phase diagram: A correlation challenge." Fluid Phase Equilibria 557 (June 2022): 113419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2022.113419.

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Handayani, H., and Rahma Widiantie. "Pre-services biology teachers: correlation of metacognition awareness with the ability to design experiments through vee diagram." Biosfer 13, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.v13n1.143-154.

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Practice plays a role in explaining theory through the form of laboratory activities. Practice in the form of investigation, such as designing experiments, is a form of practice that focuses on the thought thinking process compared to the verification practice. Designing experiments in the form of the Vee diagram are a practice that develops the thought process and metacognition awareness, and it has been one of the factors associated with design experiments. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of metacognition awareness towards the ability to design experiments that are outlined in the form of a Vee Diagram. The method used was correlational research that measured the relationship between metacognition awareness indicators. It consisted of declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, limited knowledge, and cognition regulation with the ability to design experiments. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with 28 students of the third semester of a private university in Kuningan. Instruments in this study consisted of the Vee Diagram rubric and the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) for metacognition awareness. The results showed that there was a correlation between declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, limited knowledge, and cognition regulation simultaneously with the ability to design experiments by 63.4%. The remaining 36.6% came from other factors.

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Nohira, Hiroyuki, and Toshiyuki Nohira. "Revisiting the von Neumann–Wigner noncrossing rule and validity of a dynamic correlation diagram method." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 18, no. 02 (March 2019): 1950013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633619500135.

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The noncrossing rule for potential energy surfaces can be applied only, as originally postulated by von Neumann and Wigner, to slowly occurring changes; it has, however, over many years, been widely used to rationalize fast chemical reactions. Taking the conversion of Dewar benzene to benzene as an example, we demonstrate a reaction that has a timescale for which crossings are allowed. Since it is now established that elementary chemical reactions proceed over ca. 10–100[Formula: see text]fs, as revealed experimentally by Zewail, the noncrossing rule cannot any longer be said to be valid for most chemical reactions. We further demonstrate that the mechanism of the chemiluminescent conversion of Dewar benzene to benzene is explained by an electronic state diagram derived using a dynamic correlation diagram method which allows crossings, whereas the reaction is not explained by a conventional approach, applying the noncrossing rule using a static correlation diagram method.

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Haubner, Roland, and Susanne Strobl. "Slag Investigations from Bronze Age Copper Smelting Sites." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.608.

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During the Bronze Age intensive mining and smelting activities for copper production took place in the Eastern Alps. To get information about the copper smelting process, the elemental compositions of slags are marked in equilibrium phase diagrams (e.g. FeO-CaO-SiO2) and so the melting properties can be estimated. Doing so you have to keep in mind that slags have complex compositions and phase diagrams are available for three compounds only. For the analytical measurements it has to be ensured that only molten parts of the slag are measured and not contamination of other ambient material. Spot and area measurements by SEM-EDX are useful to get realistic data. In this case a complete correlation between the image of the analyzed area, the microstructure and the chemical composition of the sample is necessary. For marking spots in the phase diagram the calculation method has to be described exactly. For our results we calculated the ratio FeO-SiO2-CaO(+MgO+Al2O3). From the morphology of the observed phases, their chemical composition and the data from the phase diagram a solidification sequence can be suggested. We recommend this method because measurements by e.g. XRF provide rather general composition values. If the slag samples are inhomogeneous, unrealistic melting points are read from the phase diagram. Inhomogeneities can be caused by soil contaminations, which are not part of the molten slag, or by corrosion, when some phases were attacked and changed during storage in soil.

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Li, Haochuan, Jingtao Zhu, Zhanshan Wang, Hong Chen, Yuzhu Wang, and Jie Wang. "Integration method for directly analyzing interface statistics of periodic multilayers from X-ray scattering." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 1 (November 2, 2013): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577513024296.

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An integration method is demonstrated for directly determining the average interface statistics of periodic multilayers from the X-ray scattering diagram. By measuring the X-ray scattering diagram in the out-of-plane geometry and integrating the scattered intensity along the vertical momentum transferqzin an interval, which is decided by the thickness ratio Γ (ratio of sublayer's thickness to periodic thickness), the cross-correlations between different interfaces are canceled and only the autocorrelations are reserved. Then the multilayer can be treated as a `single interface' and the average power spectral density can be obtained without assuming any vertical correlation model. This method has been employed to study the interface morphology of sputter-deposited W/Si multilayers grown at an Ar pressure of 1–7 mTorr. The results show an increase in vertical correlation length and a decrease in lateral correlation length with increased Ar pressure. The static roughness exponent α = 0 and dynamic growth exponentz= 2 indicate the Edwards–Wilkinson growth model at an Ar pressure of 1–5 mTorr. At an Ar pressure of 7 mTorr, α = 0.35 andz= 1.65 indicate the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang growth model.

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Hu, Lin, Qujin Cui, Yaqin Zhang, Xiaoqin Zhou, Yatin Pan, Juan Tang, Jinqing Li, Wenyuan Xu, and Hanhong Xu. "Exploration of Light-Controlled Chemical Behavior and Mechanism in a Macrocyclic Copper Complex Catalyst–Acetone–Glucose–Bromate–Sulfuric Acid Oscillation System." Catalysts 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9010065.

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In this paper, the effect of ultraviolet light on the [CuL](ClO4)2–glucose (Glu)–acetone (Act)–sodium bromate (NaBrO3)–sulfuric acid (H2SO4) oscillation system was studied. The reaction mechanism and Oregonator model were established to verify the mechanism. Comparison of the bromide ion electrode–platinum electrode correlation diagrams with and without ultraviolet light reveals a nontracking phenomenon in the bromide ion electrode–platinum electrode correlation diagram under illumination, indicating that the illumination will affect the changes in the bromide ion concentration in the system. During the process, as UV intensity increases, the concentration of bromide ions in the system increases, and bromide ions can inhibit chemical oscillations, resulting in a decrease in the amplitude of chemical oscillations, further verifying that the proposed mechanism is reasonable.

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Xu Hai-Chao, Niu Xiao-Hai, Ye Zi-Rong, and Feng Dong-Lai. "Unified phase diagram of Fe-based superconductors based on electron correlation strength." Acta Physica Sinica 67, no. 20 (2018): 207405. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.67.20181541.

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Bzdak, A., V. Koch, V. Skokov, and N. Strodthoff. "Cumulants vs correlation functions and the QCD phase diagram at low energies." Nuclear Physics A 967 (November 2017): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2017.05.047.

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Hirao, Hajime. "Correlation diagram approach as a tool for interpreting chemistry: an introductory overview." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science 1, no. 3 (January 21, 2011): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcms.20.

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Fayydh, Adnan. "EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN AL-WAFFA AND KUBAYSA AREAS USING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, AL-ANBAR, WESTERN IRAQ." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2D (October 31, 2020): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2d.8ms-2020.10-30.

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The groundwater is a substantial source of fresh water and has been used for various anthropogenic uses. The aim of this work is to investigate groundwater quality and type in kubaysa and AL-Waffa areas, Anbar, Iraq using multivariate statistics approach. The groundwater was sampled from ten wells for each region during the period from October 2018 to March 2019. The levels of T, TUR, pH, EC, TDS, DO, COD, TH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl-, F-, SO42-,, NO3-, HCO3-, S-2 and SiO2, were measured. The majority of the physicochemical parameters exceed the permissible guidelines. Pearson’s Correlation technique, multivariate statistical tools such as cluster analysis and principle component analysis were applied to determine the groundwater type. For Al –Waffa area, the EC had a positive strong correlation with TDS, Na+, Cl-. The TDS had positive strong correlations with NO3-. TH and Ca2+ possess a very good positive correlation between each other and positive strong correlations with SO42-. Sodium has positive strong correlations with k+ and Cl-. For the kubaysa area, the EC has positive strong correlations with TDS, Na+, K+ and Cl-. The TDS have positive strong correlations with TH, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, and SO42-. The piper diagram indicates that the groundwater types in AL-Waffa and kubaysa regions are Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and Ca2+, Mg2+,Cl-, SO42 respectively. The results showed unsuitable water for drinking purposes and need to be treated. The main finding of the current study is a suggestion to use the multivariate statistics technique in determining the groundwater classification type as an alternative method for the piper diagram.

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Kruchinin, Sergei P., Roberts I. Eglitis, Vitaliy P. Babak, Iryna G. Vyshyvana, and Stanislav P. Repetsky. "Effects of Electron Correlation inside Disordered Crystals." Crystals 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020237.

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We propose a novel approach for characterising the electron spectrum of disordered crystals constructed from a Hamiltonian of electrons as well as phonons and a diagram approach for Green’s function. The system’s electronic states were modelled by means of the multi-band, tight-binding approach. The system’s Hamiltonian is described based on the electron wave functions at the field of the atom nucleus. Our novel approach incorporates the long-range Coulomb interplay of electrons located in different lattice positions. Explicit interpretations of Green’s functions are derived using a diagram method. Equations are obtained for the vertex components for the mass operators of the electron–electron as well aselectron–phonon interplays. A system of equations for the spectrum of elementary excitations in the crystal is obtained, in which the vertex components for the mass operators of electron–electron as well as electron–phonon interplays are renormalised. Thismakes it possible to perform numerical computationsfor the system’s energy spectrum with a predetermined accuracy. In contrast to other approaches in which electron correlations are only taken into account in the limiting cases of an infinitely large and infinitesimal electron density, in this method, electron correlations are described in the general case of an arbitrary density. We obtained the cluster expansion of the density of states (DOS) of the disordered systems. We demonstrate that the addition of the electron-scattering mechanismsto the clusters is decreasing. This happens due to a growing number of positions in the cluster, which hang ontothe small parameter. The computing exactness is fixed by a small parameter for cluster expansion of Green’s functions of electrons as well as phonons.

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Pujiana, Dwi Harti, Mustafid Mustafid, and Di Asih I. Maruddani. "DIAGRAM KONTROL MULTIVARIAT np DAN DIAGRAM KONTROL JARAK CHI-SQUARE DALAM PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK KAIN DENIM (Studi Kasus di PT Apac Inti Corpora)." Jurnal Gaussian 7, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v7i4.28866.

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Denim fabric sort number 78032 is one type of fabric in the last 4 years almost every month produced by PT Apac Inti Corpora. In the continuity of denim fabric production process, there are data defects (non-conformity) that causes the quality of denim fabric decreases. To maintain the consistency of the quality of products produced in accordance with the specified specifications, it is necessary to control the quality of the production process that has been running for this. Multivariate control charts attributes used are multivariate control charts np using the number of samples and the proportion of disability data with correlation between variables while the chi-square distance control charts use squared distances with uncorrelated data between variables. The results showed that in the multivariate control chart np there were 2 out-of-control observations in the phase II data using control limits from phase I data already controlled by the value of BKA of 636321.4. While in the chi-square distance control chart showed all observations are in in-control condition with BKA value of 0.06536. Controlled production process obtained multivariate process capability value for multivariate control np diagram of 0.625142 <1 which means the process is not capable, while the value of process capability in the chi-square distance control chart is 1.1329> 1 which means the process is capable. Keywords: denim fabric, multivariate np control chart, chi-square distance control chart, multivariate process capability

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ElMassalami, M., P. B. Castro, and M. B. Silva Neto. "Correlations among T_c, A, and Γ _ο within FL region of T-p phase diagram of heavy-Fermion superconductors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2164, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2164/1/012031.

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Abstract Extensively reported experimental observations indicate that on varying a control parameter, such as pressure p, within the phase diagram of most quantum critical heavy fermion HF superconductors, one identifies a cascade of distinct electronic states which may be magnetic, of Kondo-type, non-conventional superconducting, Fermi Liquid, FL, or non-FL character. Of particular interest is the part of the phase diagram wherein superconductivity emerges from a strongly renormalized FL state. This region resembles the overdoped region of the T-doping phase diagram of cuprate superconductors. Remarkably, within this highly nontrivial region, one identifies a universal correlation among Tc and A: In T c θ ∝ A − 1 2 (θ is a characteristic energy scale and A is the coefficient of T 2 resistivity term). Commonly, these features are considered to be driven by a Spin-Fluctuation-mediated electron-electron scattering channel. On adopting such a channel and applying standard theories of Migdal-Eliashberg (superconductivity) and Boltzmann (transport), we derive analytic expressions that satisfactorily reproduce the aforementioned empirical correlations.

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Marketz, F., and SA Al-Hiddabi. "Spider Diagram for Tubular Expansion with Restraints." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol10iss1pp1-10.

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The aim of this study is to explain the mechanics of tubular expansion in irregularly shaped boreholes such as those frequently observed in the upper Natih reservoirs. Statistical analysis of borehole data does not indicate a strong correlation between the non-circularity and expanded tubular’s in such boreholes. A two-dimensional (2-D) finite element model was developed using commercial software to determine the non-circularity of an expanded tubular and those data were compared with the measured values. A parametric study was also conducted and spider plots were generated to determine the amount of irregularity in the expanded tubulars so that optimum operational parameters could be identified to limit cross-section irregularities during the expansion process.

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Sapre, A. K., and V. D. Mishra. "On the Nature of the Redshifts of the Twin Quasars with Discrepant Redshifts." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 9, no. 1 (1991): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000025017.

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AbstractWe examine the nature of the redshifts of twin quasars with discrepant redshifts (θ < 100 arcsec, Δz ≥ 0.5) by considering their Hubble diagram. If such twins are physically associated one expects a large scatter in their Hubble diagram. However, we find a statistically significant linear correlation between log (cz) and Vc magnitudes of such quasars, consistent with the hypothesis that their redshifts are cosmological in nature.

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Спевак, Е. Л., Ю. Д. Панов, and А. С. Москвин. "Критические температуры модели локальных бозонов на квадратной решетке в приближении Бете." Физика твердого тела 63, no. 9 (2021): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.09.51265.08h.

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We consider the inclusion of short-range correlations for a two-dimensional model of local bosons on a square lattice in the framework of the Bethe approximation for clusters of 2 and 4 sites. Explicit equations are obtained for determining the critical temperatures of charge and superfluid ordering and their solutions are considered for various ratios of the charge-charge correlation parameter and the transfer integral. It is shown that taking into account short-range correlations for temperatures of charge ordering leads to the appearance of a critical concentration of bosons, limiting the region of existence of solutions like charge ordering. For superfluid ordering, when short-range correlations are taken into account, the critical temperature is reduced down to zero values at half-filling. The phase diagram of the model of local bosons is constructed with allowance for phase separation within the framework of Maxwell's construction, and it is shown that taking into account short-range correlations in the Bethe approximation quantitatively approximates the form of the phase diagram to the results of the quantum Monte Carlo method.

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Howarth, Dean, and Joel Giedt. "The sigma meson from lattice QCD with two-pion interpolating operators." International Journal of Modern Physics C 28, no. 10 (October 2017): 1750124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183117501248.

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In this paper, we describe our studies of the sigma meson, [Formula: see text], using two-pion correlation functions. We use lattice quantum chromodynamics in the quenched approximation with so-called clover fermions. By working at unphysical pion masses we are able to identify a would-be resonance with mass less than [Formula: see text], and then extrapolate to the physical point. We include the most important annihilation diagram, which is “partially disconnected” or “single annihilation”. Because this diagram is quite expensive to compute, we introduce a somewhat novel technique for the computation of all-to-all diagrams, based on momentum sources and a truncation in momentum space. In practice, we use only [Formula: see text] modes, so the method reduces to wall sources. At the point where the mass of the pion takes its physical value, we find a resonance in the [Formula: see text] two-pion channel with a mass of approximately [Formula: see text] MeV, consistent with the expected properties of the sigma meson, given the approximations we are making.

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Zelentsov, B. P. "Correlations between states and events in the simulation of dependability using Markov processes." Dependability 22, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2022-22-1-38-43.

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The paper examines the correlations between states and events that are used in the construction of process diagrams that describe the dependability of items. Based on the constructed state and event diagram, input data is generated and the mathematical method is selected that is implemented in accordance with the problem at hand. The distinctive features and advantages of the matrix method are presented. Aim. To improve the simulation methods by clarifying the correlation between states and events and using matrix methods of calculation. Methods. The examined causal relationships between states and events allowed establishing correlations between them, i.e., an event can be the cause of a state change, then a state change is a consequence; a state can be the cause of an event, then an event is a consequence of a state. Under this approach, an event can cause a state change, while at the same time an event is a consequence of a state. The situation with states is similar. A state can be the cause of an event, while at the same time a state is the consequence of an event. It is also noted that a single state may cause a number of events, while an event can also cause a number of states. Examples of such correlations are given. It is noted that the duration of a state can be constant, random or zero. The examined correlations between states and events enable a substantiated construction of a diagram of states and transitions. A substantiated construction of a diagram of states and transitions results from a conceptual model, in which all states and events are given a physical and technical interpretation that transforms into a formal state-transition diagram. A special attention is given to the matrix methods that have a number of advantages, i.e., compactness and simplicity of converting the input characteristics into output characteristics, availability of standard software, use of verification procedures, feasibility of implementation using standard computer-based tools. The input data is also generated in matrix form. The paper indicates the characteristics of a state-transition diagram that can be calculated from the input data. Note is made of the use of methods based on semi-Markov processes. The author points out that, while using matrix methods, cycles should be generated. A relevant matter associated with the large number of states and the consequent problem of aggregation of states is touched upon. Two approaches to the aggregation of states are set forth that allow keeping the system’s output characteristics unchanged. Results. A proposal is formulated for the construction of a dependability model involving a number of stages, i.e., definition of the goal of simulation with the indication of the used dependability indicators, description of the conceptual model, construction of a substantiated state-transition diagram, selection of the mathematical method, calculations, discussing the findings, conclusions and suggestions based on the performed simulation. Discussion and conclusions. A dependability model should take into consideration the causal relationships between states and events that are established based on the physical, as well as the engineering and technical features of the item. Taking these relationships into account, a state diagram is generated that enables initial data compilation. The matrix method is efficient and has a number of useful features. The above considerations are methodological in their nature. They can be helpful for generating dependability models of technical systems and studying the dependability theory in educational institutions.

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Dong, Jie, Chao Qing Yin, Hong Xu Lu, Zi Xin Zhang, and Qing Hua Zhang. "Morphology Control of Polyimide Fibers by Phase Separation under Different Coagulation Bath Conditions." Materials Science Forum 789 (April 2014): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.142.

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In order to investigate the effects of the coagulation bath temperature and composition on the formation of polyimide fiber in wet spinning, theoretical ternary phase diagrams of water/NMP/PI system at two coagulation bath temperatures was investigated based on the extended Flory-Huggins theory. The cloud-points data of the system for more dilute PI terpolymer solutions were determined by cloud point titration, and the cloud point data for more concentrated PI terpolymer solutions were calculated by Boom's linearized cloud point curve correlation. The obtained diagrams showed that if the titration process constructed at a higher temperature, the meta-stable two-phase region in the ternary phase diagram increases, which is beneficial for the de-mixing of the filament via nucleation and growth mechanisms, resulting in a homogenous dense structure for PI fiber.

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Jovic, Biljana, Milos Tripkovic, and Aleksandar Cucakovic. "Geometric correlation of cultural landscape patterns and Prunus domestica L. species leaf." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 104 (2011): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1104029j.

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This paper provides the basics for more detailed research on the structures of bionic forms of different plant species and their application in the domain of landscape planning. The aim of this type of research is to expand knowledge of landscape planning with a deeper understanding of different geometric relations present in the existing natural forms. The correlation between structures in nature and structures that are present in contemporary landscape architecture could be established by the congruence with the geometric models from landscape. This paper is focused solely on the geometry of natural forms. The Voronoi diagram was used in order to examine the similarities and to perform a comparative analysis of the Prunus domestica L. leaf geometry and the geometry of cultural landscapes of Central Serbia. The resulting Voronoi diagram shows the similarity based on closed fields, Voronoi cells, which correspond to the nervation of Prunus domestica L. leaf by form. Using the comparative analysis, the geometric interpretation of cultural landscape examples could be linked to the geometric structure of the most frequent fruit tree species.

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van den Dool, Huug, Emily Becker, Li-Chuan Chen, and Qin Zhang. "The Probability Anomaly Correlation and Calibration of Probabilistic Forecasts." Weather and Forecasting 32, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-16-0115.1.

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Abstract An ordinary regression of predicted versus observed probabilities is presented as a direct and simple procedure for minimizing the Brier score (BS) and improving the attributes diagram. The main example applies to seasonal prediction of extratropical sea surface temperature by a global coupled numerical model. In connection with this calibration procedure, the probability anomaly correlation (PAC) is developed. This emphasizes the exact analogy of PAC and minimizing BS to the widely used anomaly correlation (AC) and minimizing mean squared error in physical units.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Diagram correlation'

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