Academic literature on the topic 'Diagnostics of an machine-building enterprise’s activity'

Introduction. At the present stage, the occupational pathology of the skin remains one of the significant medical and social problems. In this regard, special attention is paid to the early diagnosis of sensitization to industrial chemical allergens to target occupational allergic diseases. The aim of the study was to study the changes in clinical and laboratory parameters in the formation of allergic skin diseases in workers during nickel plating. Material and methods. Three hundred eighty-nine employees of the machine-building enterprise were examined. The leading group consisted of 214 people exposed to harmful chemical factors of production. Group of intact persons 175 people is represented by employees who do not come into contact with harmful factors of the production environment. The condition of the skin of workers was analyzed. Laboratory studies of oxidative metabolism and immune status were performed according to unified methods. The nickel content in the urine was determined by voltammetry. Results. At the studied enterprise, 38,3% of workers were diagnosed with occupational skin diseases (epidermosis, allergic dermatitis, eczema). In the formation of dermatological morbidity, an increase in the activity of alkaline (ALPn) and acid (ACPn) phosphatase of neutrophils by 1,7-2.2 times and inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPn) by 1.2-1.5 times relative to the control group was found. On the part of the immune system, there was an activation of the suppressor function of T-lymphocytes (CD8+); B-lymphocytes (CD20+), an increase in the content of immunoglobulins IgG, total IgE, circulating immune complexes by 1.5-2.0 times and a decrease in the levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM by 3.0-5.0 times compared to the control. The relationship between the nickel content in the urine of workers and changes in the indicators of ACPn (r = 0.76), MPn (r = -0.87), (CD4+) (r = -0.91), (CD8+) (r = 0,86), general IgE (r = 0.92), indicating the priority role of nickel compounds in the formation of allergodermatoses in workers. Conclusion. The proposed complex of biomarkers aims to detect early the initial forms of allergodermatosis and the formation of risk groups for the timely rehabilitation of electroplating workers.

Abstract. The activity of enterprises in modern economic conditions is exposed to threats caused by the uncertainty of the market environment. One of the options for overcoming the crisis and reducing the level of economic risk for enterprises is to develop and implement effective anti-crisis measures, which should be implemented comprehensively and using the results of the continuous diagnostics. That is the reason why the purpose of the study is to develop the theoretical and methodological provisions for building a system for diagnosing crisis situations of enterprises. Unlike other approaches to building such a system, the authors focus on the calculation of an integrated indicator, partial indicators of which reflect the level of crisis situations in the enterprise by areas of origin, taking into account the provisions of the balanced scorecard (BSC). Systematizing the research of scientific sources, as well as taking into account the provisions of the balanced scorecard (BSC), the authors propose to distinguish depending on the scope of four components of the financial and economic crisis in enterprises: financial, operational (production), staffing and marketing crisis. It is proposed to diagnose the crisis of the enterprise by determining the integrated indicator using the analytic hierarchy process (T. Saaty method) and expert survey (to calculate the severity of crises and indicators), as well as the method of rationing (to bring indicators of crisis diagnostics, which are different by types, to a single information orientation and dimension). The system of indicators of diagnostics of financial, operational, staffing and marketing crisis at the enterprises is formed and for their further rationing, their characteristic values are defined. To generalize the level of crisis in the enterprise, the authors proposed to use the universal Harrington scale. According to this scale, the authors identified five levels of crisis in the enterprise and provided their characteristics. Keywords: crisis state, financial crisis, operational crisis, staffing crisis, marketing crisis, Balanced Scorecard (BSC), indicators of crisis diagnostics, analytic hierarchy process. JEL Classіfіcatіon Q01, G32, H12 Formulas:19; fig.: 0; tabl.: 11; bibl.: 27.

HR management is one of the most important areas of a machine-building enterprise activity. The most important HR management functions are motivation, managing employee relations, training and development, managing employee’s quality. The personnel qualitative characteristics are reflected in the degree of professional and qualification suitability for work. Upgrading the skills of the enterprise’ personnel and their acquiring of new competencies should be based on lifelong learning system and continuous professional training. Personnel training are important part of the enterprise’s HR management system. It contributes to the development of organizational processes, the achievement of the enterprise’ goals and objectives. Personnel training aimed at their developing and motivating are a long-term investment in the enterprise employees.

Purpose. The aim of the article is generalization of the conceptual foundations of strategic management to ensure the economic security of the enterprise in the process of building systems of economic protection of the results of activities of agro-business subjects as an effective mechanism for counteracting external and internal threats. Methodology of research. Scientific methods are used in the writing of the articles, in particular: theoretical generalization – to understand key theories of strategic management; synthesis and analysis – to detail the systems of economic protection of the results of the activity of the subjects of agribusiness as an object of research by its breakdown into parts; abstract and logical method – during the study of the structure of the components of the system of economic protection of the results of the enterprises. Findings. The toolkit of economic protection of agribusiness entities, which can be further transformed and supplemented according to the research of the peculiarities of functioning of their activity in the current market conditions, is investigated. It is substantiated that economic protection of the results of the enterprise activity should include a system of diagnostics and risk management, which will further ensure within the enterprise itself to make prompt decisions on strategic risk management both internal and external environment. The scheme of risk management in the system of economic protection of investment activities of agribusiness entities is proposed. The systems of economic protection of the results of activity of enterprises are improved. Originality. The main criteria of efficiency of economic protection of interests and results of activity of subjects of agro-business in the long term are substantiated: profitability of own capital and economic equilibrium, which characterizes rationality and prudence of management of economic resources and creates a basis for achievement of strategic goals of the enterprise in the long term. Practical value. The introduction of the proposed research results into the activities of agribusiness entities for the use of conceptual principles of strategic planning will contribute to the establishment of a system of economic protection of the results of business activity and dynamic development. Key words: strategic management; risk; threat; protection; result; economic security; management system; enterprise.

Abstract Background and purpose: Employees with their knowledge, skills and values are a connecting link between the deep organizational transformations and new technologies. In this regard, the human resource management system needs new approaches and tools for the diagnostics, training and personnel development based on the synchronization of the organization and the employee’s values. The study aim is to develop a comprehensive methodology for building an employee’s soft skills profile in order to form personalized educational trajectory and an adaptive management system creation. Methodology: An approach to the soft skills profile’s formation through broadcasting of the description of personality’s behavioral indicators into actual supra-professional competencies is considered. Modeling and automation of the employee profile’s soft skills was carried out. Statistical observation and empirical confirmation were used to evaluate the developed methodology. 115 respondents from different fields of science and technology from Reshetnev University took part in the diagnostic. Results: The results show that the proposed complex automated personality diagnostics is valid. And it allows you to visualize the soft skills profile, determine the level of competencies’ expression and identify the directions of the employee’s individual development. Conclusion: The study offers a comprehensive integrated methodology which allows you to assess the formation level of representatives’ soft skills of various fields of activity. This development can be used both in the educational environment to form an education ecosystem in accordance with the requirements of the innovative economy development and in the enterprise management system to increase the production potential of both employees themselves and enterprises.

The article is aimed at analyzing the external operational environment of machine-building enterprises in the context of economic security and identifying the prerequisites for motivational management of the economic security of enterprise. Nowadays, effective management of the economic security of enterprise is one of the established imperatives that provide for the sustainable development and protection of the enterprise’s interests in the face of the contemporary challenges. Industrial enterprises operate in conditions of constant uncertainty and variability, which contributes to the search for effective instruments to ensure the proper level of protection of economic interests of a particular economic entity and industry in general. The article analyzes some indicators of activity of enterprises of machine-building industry of Ukraine. It is concluded that, despite the reduction of indicators such as the share of the processing industry in the GDP of the country, the number of employed people in the enterprises of the industry and the number of enterprises, along with the other, equally important indicators, show growth. First of all, it’s a question of the growth of sales volumes, net profit and profitability, which indicates the existing potential of the industry to implement the motivational management of economic security, because it provides not only for satisfying interests of the owners of enterprises, but also of all elements of the economic security system. Prospects for further research in this direction are the definition of the main elements, stages and methods of implementation of motivational management of economic security at machine-building enterprises.

The article is aimed at analyzing the external operational environment of machine-building enterprises in the context of economic security and identifying the prerequisites for motivational management of the economic security of enterprise. Nowadays, effective management of the economic security of enterprise is one of the established imperatives that provide for the sustainable development and protection of the enterprise’s interests in the face of the contemporary challenges. Industrial enterprises operate in conditions of constant uncertainty and variability, which contributes to the search for effective instruments to ensure the proper level of protection of economic interests of a particular economic entity and industry in general. The article analyzes some indicators of activity of enterprises of machine-building industry of Ukraine. It is concluded that, despite the reduction of indicators such as the share of the processing industry in the GDP of the country, the number of employed people in the enterprises of the industry and the number of enterprises, along with the other, equally important indicators, show growth. First of all, it’s a question of the growth of sales volumes, net profit and profitability, which indicates the existing potential of the industry to implement the motivational management of economic security, because it provides not only for satisfying interests of the owners of enterprises, but also of all elements of the economic security system. Prospects for further research in this direction are the definition of the main elements, stages and methods of implementation of motivational management of economic security at machine-building enterprises.

The article develops an image of a perfect innovatively active organization and tests of its diagnostic capabilities at the enterprises of the machine-building industry. The current conditions of functioning of organizations that actively carry out innovative activities have led to the use of post-neoclassical managerial rationality as a converging epistemic paradigm, which allows to systematically examine the phenomenon of innovative activity. When constructing the image of a perfect innovatively active organization, the existing pool of managerial knowledge, taking into account dynamism, non-linearity, complexity and uncertainty of conditions, was systematized and synthesized on the basis of the use of synergistic approaches, which provided possibilities to form systemic ideas about the characteristics of an organization capable of organic coevolution with the external environment. The hypothesis used for the present study is as follows: the modern market environment is characterized by inequality and dynamic organization, which can be coevoluted only by applying the cognitive potential of a wide social environment. This, in turn, involves an appeal to the mechanisms of self-organization, which are able to create management models of a fundamentally different order of complexity, are sensitive to changes in the external environment, and are able to produce relevant adaptive reactions to these transformations. In the course of the study, the synergistic approach was used to select the congruent properties of a perfect innovation-active organization. The list of progressive management practices of a perfect innovation-active organization is typologized and synthesized. On the basis of the proposed image, a questionnaire is developed, allowing to diagnose the quality of management of innovative development of enterprises of the machine-building industry.

The labor conditions of workers of key professions of selwynite concentrating manufacture (drying machine operative, granulation machine operative, dosing of drying-granulating room machine operative, centrifuge operative, filtration operative, transporter of drying granulating room, engineer of mill machine) are characterized by effect of physical factors of industrial environment. The noise is the most significant of them. It is established that level of noise at working places of workers of analyzed specialties attains 83-98 dBA that on 18 dBA is higher of maximum permissible level of 80 dBA. In examined workers a reliable increasing of level of homocysteine and lipoprotein (a) up to 3.8 times is established against the background of decreasing of production of nitric oxide in blood serum up to 1.2 times and increasing of level of malonic di-aldehyde up to1.3 times relatively to similar indices in workers of comparison group. The consequence of these processes can be a disorder of structure and endothelial function of vessels, increasing of permeability of endothelium, loss of its elasticity and as a consequence disorder of functional activity of vessel wall. The substantiation is given to indicator indexes (level of lipoprotein (a), homocysteine in blood serum and content of malonic di-aldehyde in blood plasma), having higher and average degree of occupational conditionality and forming biochemical profile of endothelial dysfunction as a predictor of arterial hypertension in workers of selwynite ore-dressing and processing enterprise undergoing effect of noise. The given biochemical indices are appropriate to be applied in early diagnostic and prevention of endothelial dysfunction in workers of the mentioned enterprises.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет «Харківській політехнічний інститут». – Харків, 2009. Дисертаційну роботу присвячено актуальним проблемам теоретичних, методичних і прикладних аспектів діагностики у системі антикризового управління підприємствами машинобудування. У роботі досліджено підходи до економічного змісту основних категорій та понять, що супроводжують процес управління кризою. Конкретизовано поняття «криза підприємства» як крайнє загострення протиріч на підприємстві як соціально-економічній системі, викликаний її іманентною природою, що загрожує пріоритетним цілям підприємства. Обґрунтовано з позиції системного та функціонального підходів градацію кризи підприємства за стадіями дестабілізації, неорганічних та органічних змін. Розроблено схему структури антикризового управління машинобудівним підприємством на основі взаємозв’язків між його об’єктами. Визначено тенденції динаміки результатів діяльності машинобудівних підприємств України та систематизовано причини та особливості їх кризового стану. Розроблено методичний підхід до діагностики стадій кризи підприємств машинобудування, який ґрунтується на використанні методів фінансового, факторного, кластерного та дискримінантного аналізу. Використання запропонованого підходу дозволяє отримати більш об’єктивну та надійну оцінку стадій кризи з метою підвищення обґрунтованості вибору альтернатив при прийнятті рішень щодо напрямків антикризових заходів. Запропоновано методичній підхід до вибору антикризових заходів на основі результатів діагностики стадії кризи та ресурсних можливостей підприємства за допомогою матриці станів, що обумовлює селективний підхід до вибору найбільш обґрунтованих та ефективних з них.
Thesis for a scientific degree of candidate in economic sciences majoring in 08.00.04 - economics and management of enterprises (on different kinds of economic activity). National technical university «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute». – Kharkiv, 2009. The dissertational work is devoted to vital problems of theoretical, methodical and applied aspects of diagnostics in the system of anti-recessionary management of Ukraine’s machine-building enterprises. The research of theoretical and methodical approaches to the contents of the basic categories and concepts of anti-recessionary management has been carried out. A complex classification of crises of an enterprise is presented. The gradation of the crisis of an enterprise at different stages is proved. The theoretical basis and methodical toolkit of antirecessionary operation of business is generalized and expanded. The structural model of anti-recessionary management of machine-building enterprises is grounded on the basis of interrelations between its objects. The methodical toolkit of crisis diagnostics and a possibility of bankruptcy are analyzed, enterprises of the machine-building branch taken as an example. The analysis of the condition of machine-building enterprises is conducted, the reasons and features of their crisis condition being systematized. The methodical approach to the diagnostics of a crisis stage of mechanical engineering enterprises on the basis of synthesis of financial, factorial analysis methods is advanced. An approach to a choice of anti-recessionary actions based on diagnostics results of a crisis stage and enterprises’ resource opportunities by means of a matrix of conditions is presented.

Abstract: Introduction. Professional stress is recognized as a factor of professional risk in organizations at the level of National standards of the Russian Federation and programs for reducing professional risks of many large enterprises. The introduction of modern means of monitoring occupational stress at enterprises allows improving the physical and mental indicators of the personnel resource due to timely diagnostics, as well as reducing the number of visits to specialists. Aim is to conduct a comparative analysis of hardware systems for diagnosing occupational stress to assess the possibility of their use in professions of the «man-machine» type. Research methods. The analysis of stress factors affecting labor activity in professions of the «man-machine» type and the legal framework in the field of labor protection is carried out. Results. The factors of the production process and stress factors in the selected type of professions are highlighted. The main indicators for assessing professional stress and the means of monitoring stress, the use of which is most appropriate, are determined.