Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diagnostic vétérinaire'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 20 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Diagnostic vétérinaire.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Beck, Cécile. "Nouvelles stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques contre les flavivirus neurotropes en médecine vétérinaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS083/document.
Full textFlaviviruses with a major impact in veterinary medicine are widely distributed (e.g. West Nile fever (WNF) has spread across the five continents and Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is reported in South-East Asia) and are mainly responsible for neurological diseases in humans and/or horses.After flavivirus infection, viremia in mammal hosts is generally short and consequently indirect methods are mostly used to diagnose flavivirus infections. However, frequent spatial overlapping in their circulation areas renders the interpretation of serological assays difficult. Indeed, cross-reactions between flaviviruses are observed in rapid serological tests such as in ELISA and immunofluorescence assays (IFA). Serological assay results should thus be confirmed by the tedious comparative virus neutralization test (VNT) using a panel of viruses known to circulate in the area. Moreover, the risk of emergence of new flaviviruses such as reported recently with the Zika virus in Brazil or in North America should be considered when studying flavivirus epidemiology.In the first section, a new strategy aiming at improving the serological diagnosis of flavivirus infections was developed using the multiplexing capacity of microsphere immunoassays (MIA). The flavivirus soluble envelope (sE) glycoprotein ectodomain is composed of three domains (D), e.g. DI, DII and DIII, with EDIII containing virus-specific epitopes. Recombinant EDIIIs of different flaviviruses were synthesized in the Drosophila S2 expression system. The microspheres coupled with rEDIIIs were assayed with equine and ovine sera from natural and experimental flavivirus infections or non-immune samples. Very encouraging results have been obtained and this innovative multiplex immunoassay based on flavivirus rEDIIIs appears to be a powerful alternative to ELISAs and VNTs for veterinary diagnosis of flavivirus-related diseases.MIA with WNV nonstructural 1 protein were also implemented to differentiate Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA). Such a DIVA approach was only successful when horses had been immunized with a recombinant canarypox vaccine, while horses receiving inactivated WNV vaccine developed immune responses close to the ones induced after natural infection.Another pitfall in veterinary medicine is the lack of therapeutics for viral diseases and specifically for flaviviruses. The therapeutic arsenal is indeed rather limited and animals are generally administered supportive treatments only. In the second part, the results of the in vitro testing of a broad spectrum antiviral named sr1057 on WNV and JEV replication are presented. This chemical, identified from a unique screening strategy developed by Pasteur Institute, is probably targeting the host cell and was found to inhibit the replication of varied RNA and DNA viruses belonging to different virus families. The sr1057 compound was not as efficient at inhibiting the replication of flaviviruses as for other RNA+ viruses, with a modest antiviral effect demonstrated for WNV and a higher efficacy on JEV. This antiviral presents however potentials for applications in equine veterinary medicine because it efficiently inhibited equine herpes virus-1 and equine arteritis virus in vitro, as clearly shown by other collaborators
Yilma, Jobre Makonnen. "Contribution à l'étude de l'épidémiologie, du diagnostic immunologique et de la physiopathologie de l'oestrose ovine (oestrus ovis linne 1761)." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT036A.
Full textBlin, Manon. "Développement d'outils de diagnostic de terrain pour la détection de la schistosomiase : une approche One Health." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0038.
Full textIt is now evident that environmental degradation can facilitate the transmission of infectious diseases, particularly by bringing humans into closer proximity with vectors or animals. In the case of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), the World Health Organization (WHO) is endeavoring to mobilize institutions and the scientific community by identifying, for each NTD, existing gaps in clinical diagnostic needs, the criteria required for their development, and the strategies to be adopted to combat the disease. Among them, schistosomiasis, the second most prevalent human parasitic disease, suffers from a distinct lack of diagnostic tools that combine sensitivity and deployability to detect cases with low parasitic intensity in endemic areas. Additionally, such tools are needed to facilitate animal and environmental diagnosis, enabling an integrated approach to disease control. The objectives of this thesis align with the One Health strategy, proposing the development and application of field-friendly diagnostic tools for humans, animals, and the environment. Ongoing efforts in research, development, prevention, treatment, and awareness are essential to achieve a world where Schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases cease to threaten human health
Lehmann, David. "Amélioration des tests de diagnostic sérologique des Herpèsvirus BoHV-1 et SuHV-1." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T004.
Full textAbiven, Pascale. "Diagnostic de l'infection à Mycloplasma Hyopneumoniae chez le porc : mise en évidence des anticorps sériques à l'aide d'un élisa par compétition et détection de l'agent pathogène par hybridation ADN-ADN." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28170.
Full textKhoury, Rana. "Pixscan : micro-tomodensitomètre à pixels hybrides pour le petit animal." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22099.
Full textSince more than a dozen years, efforts were led in the field of X-ray tomography for small animal principally for the improvement of spatial resolution and the diminution of the absorbed dose. The CPPM developed a micro-CT, PIXSCAN, based on an hybrid pixels detector, XPAD2. In this context, my thesis work consists in studying the demonstrator PIXSCAN/XPAD2 and the contribution of the hybrid pixels in the imaging of the small animal. A rapid analytical simulation, FastSimu, was developed. An extrapolation of the performances of the demonstrator PIXSCAN as well as the validation of the results obtained with the real data were led by means of the analytical simulator FastSimu. The demonstrator PIXSCAN/XPAD2 allowed to obtain reconstructed images with a rather good quality for a relatively weak absorbed dose. Its spatial resolution is degraded by the presence of a high number of defective pixels on its detector XPAD2. Besides, a new version of the demonstrator PIXSCAN/XPAD3 is under fabrication. This last, characterized by pixels two and a half times smaller and the almost absence of the defective pixels will bring a considerable improvement of the spatial resolution
Mauffre, Vincent. "Identification de marqueurs précoces de la gestation dans les cellules immunitaires circulantes chez les ruminants." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1193.
Full textIn cattle farming, reproductive performance is closely linked to farm profitability. The early identification of non-pregnant females, using pregnancy diagnosis tests, would allow rapid re-insemination of the animals, thus shortening the interbreeding interval. Ideally, pregnancy detection would be performed prior to the return to oestrous, namely at the time of implantation, which is not possible using current state-of-the-art pregnancy diagnosis techniques. At this early stage of pregnancy, the conceptus produces a ruminant-specific antiluteolytic signal, the interferon tau, which is responsible for the maternal pregnancy recognition. This interferon is critical in the communication between conceptus and maternal organism. The expression of numerous genes has been reported to be regulated by the interferons, in the endometrium and in blood leucocytes of ruminants, at the time of implantation.Recent technical advances for functional analysis of the genome have provided new opportunities for the use of these biological markers in pregnancy diagnosis. The main purpose of this work was to identify non-invasive, reliable and early pregnancy diagnostic markers in immune circulating cells, along with the characterisation of the local and systemic responses of the maternal organism to pregnancy.In order to identify new candidate genes, we performed a transcriptome analysis of pregnant and non-pregnant peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which we combined to a transcriptome analysis of the caroncular endometrium and the lymph nodes that specifically drain the uterus. For practical and cost-effectiveness reasons, these samples were collected in sheep. Based on the results of the transcriptome analysis, we selected, among the differentially expressed genes (DEG), a set of candidate genes in order to develop an early pregnancy diagnosis test initially in ewes and in cows in a second step. Expression of these genes was assessed using real time qPCR. Based on the expression levels of these candidate genes, pregnancy diagnosis tests were performed on different sets of animals: an experimental set of ewes, an experimental set of cows and finally, on a set of ewes from commercial herds. Five candidate genes were identified and evaluated: CXCL10, STAT1, MX1, MX2 and ISG15. Diagnosis tests displayed reliable results in the experimental sets of animals but failed to discriminate pregnancy in the set of farm animals. In this group, we observed high variations in interferon stimulated genes (ISG) expression levels highlighting the low specificity of ISG based pregnancy diagnosis tests performed in farm on heterogeneous batch of animals.To understand this lack of specificity, a simultaneous transcriptome analysis of blood leucocytes, lymph nodes and caroncular endometrium revealed respectively 118, 17 and 2823 DEG. Very few DEG were noticed in the lymph nodes. But if 78% of the DEG in blood leucocytes were found in the endometrium as well, only 3% of the DEG in the endometrium were shared with blood cells. Data mining analysis of the lists of DEG showed a strong pregnancy associated response in both blood leucocytes and the endometrium, an interferon response type, related to the implication of the interferon tau. However, this transcriptomic signature, identified in both biological tissues, is not pregnancy specific as it is frequently associated with pathogen agents.Finally, this work has enabled to highlight the slight correlation between the local (endometrium) and the peripheral (blood leucocytes) response during early pregnancy. But this work has also pointed out that the transcriptomic signature related to pregnancy, an interferon response type, is not pregnancy-specific. This lack of specificity is due to the unreliability of ISG based pregnancy diagnosis tests. Further investigations are needed to identify alternative pregnancy markers, independent of the interferon tau
Roman-Binois, Annelise. "L'archéologie des épizooties : mise en évidence et diagnostic des crises de mortalité chez les animaux d’élevage, du Néolithique à Pasteur." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H052/document.
Full textAcute episodes of animal mortality had severe impacts on past societies, with lasting economical, sanitary and social consequences. They remain however largely undocumented, in particular in archaeology, where the millions of animal victims described in historical texts appear to have left no material evidence. This dissertation thus strives to explore this discrepancy and to demonstrate that not only is it possible to identify archaeological deposits of mass animal mortality, but that it is also possible to diagnose the specific cause of the deaths. Theses aims are addressed by an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on methods and data from the fields of archaeology, history and veterinary science, and leading to the development of two methodological tools. The first tool allows the identification of animal mass mortality deposits through a flow chart based on objective archaeological criteria. The second presents as a protocol allowing the differential diagnosis and those of the main causes for animal mortalities in that time and place. Selected diagnostic hypotheses are then tested by targeted analyses. This allows us to identify fifty-one archaeological animal deposits probably resulting from mass mortality events in the bibliographical record, and to carry out a multi-criteria analysis of the resulting corpus in a diachronic and a species-specific perspective. Six ovine assemblages dating from the Roman period to the Modern period are then selected for an in-depth archaeological and osteological study. Likely diagnostic hypotheses are identified through our protocol in five cases out of six, one of which is confirmed by the paleoparasitological identification of the suspected pathogen
Shi, Zhengli. "Etude d'un virus bacilliforme des crevettes Penaeidae ("White Spot Syndrome Virus", WSSV) : clonage, analyse partiel[le] du génome et outils de diagnostic." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20058.
Full textFang, Xiaochao. "Design and integration of a low-noise readout chain in CMOS technology for APD-based sall-animal PET imaging." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6021.
Full textThis thesis presents my research work on the conception of a readout chain dedicated to the APD (Avalanche Photo Diodes)-based PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging for small animal. The PET imaging allows the conjunction of its modality with the micro CT (X-ray Computerized Tomography) and micro SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) imaging which have been developed at IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178). These three imaging compose a multi-modality imaging system for small animal (AMISSA). Two prototypes have been designed in order to finally realize the complete readout chain. The first one (called APD Chip) is a ten-channel low noise front-end circuit. Every channel consists of a Charge Sensible Amplifier (CSA), a CR-(RC)2 shaper, and an analogue buffer. The Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) in input from test is equal to 275 ± 2 e- + 10 e- /pF for a shaping time of 136 ns. The second prototype PETROC is a mixed circuit. It comprises an eight-channel Peak Detect and Hold (PDH) circuit and a five-channel Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC). The simulation shows that the error is less than 0. 7% over the whole dynamic range. A multi-level interpolation was implemented in the TDC design to obtain a measurement range up to 10 µs and a bin size of 20 ps. In this thesis, the prototypes are presented for both their theoretical analyses and their circuit designs. The test results of the first prototype are also presented
Chantepie, Benoît. "Etude et réalisation d'une électronique rapide à bas bruit pour un détecteur de rayons X à pixels hybrides destiné à l'imagerie du petit animal." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22114.pdf.
Full textSince the invention of computerized tomography (CT), charge integration detector were widely employed for X-ray biomedical imaging applications. Nevertheless, other options exist. A new technology of direct detection using semiconducors has been developped for high energy physics instrumentation. This new technology, called hybrid pixel detector, works in photon counting mode and allows for selecting the maximum energy of the counted photons. The iXgam research team at CPPM develops the PIXSCAN demonstrator, a CT-scanner using the hybrid pixel detector XPAD. The aim of his project is to evaluate the improvement on image quality and on dose delivered durinf X-ray examinations of a small animal. After a first prototype of hybrid pixel deector XPAD1 proving the feasibility of the project, a complete imager XPAD2 was designed and intergrated in the PIXSCAN demonstrator. Since then, with the evolution of microelectronic industry, important improvements are conceivable. To reducing the size of pixels and to improving the energy resolution of detectors, a third design XPAD3 was conceived and will be soon integrated in a second generation of PIXSCAN demonstrator. In this project, my thesis(s work consisted in taking part to the design of the detector readout electronics, to the characterization of the chips and of the hybrid pixel detectors, and also to the definition of a autozeroing architecture for pixels
Solano, Philippe. "Implications épidémiologiques de la variabilité génétique des populations de glossines. Cas de "Glossina palpalis" en Afrique de l'ouest." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20169.
Full textGhodbane, Ramzi. "Diagnostic rapide de la tuberculose pulmonaire par isolement et culture de Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5057.
Full textMycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of one of the most common infectious diseases in the world killing more than 1.2 million people each year according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Currently, M. tuberculosis tuberculosis emerges in other species like non-human primates, Asian elephants, farm animals and some wild animals. We have shown that three species of M. tuberculosis complex survive in the soil for at least 12 months and are pathogenic in a mouse model and M. tuberculosis-infected soil is a potential source of infection for animals. We then developed a protocol for rapid culture of M. tuberculosis, including a new solid culture medium, optimized conditions of incubation, and detection of microcolonies by autofluorescence. Our thesis has helped develop techniques and protocols that are revolutionizing the culture and isolation of M. tuberculosis by reducing delays culture and susceptibility testing, a crucial point for the fight against tuberculosis, especially in countries limited resources and countries with strong emergence of M. tuberculosis strains more resistant. These protocols are being transferred to the routine laboratory
Prawirosukarto, Sudharto. "Etude d'un virus pathogène de "Setothosea asigna" Van Eecke (Lepidoptera : limacodidae), ravageur du palmier à huile en Indonésie : caractérisation, diagnostic et épidémiologie en plantation." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20261.
Full textFeuillet, Thomas. "Développement de capteurs optimisés pour l'IRM à champ magnétique faible (0.2T) : application à l'imagerie de l'animal." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10302/document.
Full textMagnetic resonance imaging {MRl) in veterinary practice employs low magnetostatic field devices which have numerous advantages such as their low maintenance and initial cost. Yet, the radiofrequency {RF) coils commercially provided with these devices are dedicated to human morphology, therefore reducing image quality. ln this work, simple optimization methods for 0.2 T RF coils were developed for an implementation in research and preclinical studies. Optimization protocol was subdivided into two main steps. First, an analytical model was developed using MATLAB in order to estimate the intrinsic signal to noise ratio variations with coil and imaged sample characteristics. Validation of the model was assessed thanks to quality factor comparison between simulated and measured values. The use of the analytical model for two specific studies was described in a recently accepted publication. Second, active decoupling was investigated. lndeed, passive decoupling is the decoupling method implemented on the 0.2 T MR device at our disposal. However, this technique can lack of efficiency in some experiments, inducing imaging artifacts and reduced quality factor. Active decoupling method was therefore implemented. The electronic performances of the coils equipped this way were better than in passive decoupling. This active decoupling device combined with an inductive coupling connecting system was tested at 3 T to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a new universal connecting device, for which an article was recently submitted
Delespaux, Vincent F. P. "Improved diagnosis of trypanosome infections and drug resistant T.congolense in livestock." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211060.
Full text
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rangel, Valderrama Saray Julieth. "Facteurs de risque d´introduction et diagnostic de Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10294.
Full textMycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis an enteric, chronic and incurable disease of ruminants, with a major economic impact. A better understanding of the risk factors associated with the introduction of the disease in a herd, is essential for its prevention. Improving diagnostic tests are also important for the control. The introduction of new animals into the herd and the presence and contact of wild and domestic species with cattle, appear to be a risk factor for disease introduction. We conducted a systematic review to obtain relevant information to answer the question about the importance and impact of these factors on the introduction of the disease into a herd. On the other hand, the detection of MAP in feces by bacterial culture remains the diagnostic method of choice despite of the factors that can affect it. A series of 3 steps are required to confirm the presence of MAP: (1) culture (2) acid fast stain (3) MAP confirmation by PCR (if detected in step 2). Some fecal samples exhibit a particularity due to their normal heavy load of micro-organisms. These contaminants can interfere with the growth and detection of MAP. A study to: a) assess the impact of some covariables on the culture results by a retrospective analysis of a databank and b) to evaluate the possibility to optimize MAP diagnostic process by performing a PCR analysis on cultures declared as contaminated was realized.
Bernier, Gosselin Véronique. "Validation de l'échographie des bulles tympaniques pour le diagnostic d'otite moyenne chez le veau." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10841.
Full textOtitis media is a common disease in calves but can remain subclinical, making diagnosis challenging on the farm. The objective of this study is to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound imaging technique of tympanic bulla for the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical otitis media, and to determine its repeatability. Forty calves 19-50 days of age were selected from a veal calf farm, on the basis of results of ultrasound examination performed on the farm (A). Ultrasound examination was performed a second time by the same ultrasonographer (A') and by another ultrasonographer (B), and diagnosis was recorded for both tympanic bulla as negative, suspicious or positive. Images were recorded for further re-reading. Calves were euthanized and submitted for necropsy, and histopathologic diagnosis was used as gold standard. Based upon histology, 45 bullae were affected with otitis media and 35 bullae were unaffected. Depending on ultrasonographer and on classification of suspicious bullae, sensitivity varies from 32% to 63% and specificity varies from 84% to 100%. Repeatability is moderate, with kappa values of 0.53 for A'-B, 0.48 for A-A', and 0.58 and 0.75 for re-reading of A' and B, respectively.
Denis-Robichaud, José. "Effet d'un traitement intra-utérin de céphapirine sur les performances en reproduction des vaches laitières." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10776.
Full textReproduction is a major concern in the dairy industry. In this context, it is relevant to have an early identification of cows at risk of altered subsequent reproductive performance, especially if a treatment is available and effective to improve this performance. Clinical and subclinical endometritis are defined based on their impact on reproductive performance and are interesting tools for reproductive tract health surveillance. The first objective of this research project was to determine simultaneously diagnostic criteria for clinical (diagnosed by Metricheck) and subclinical (diagnosed by endometrial cytology or leukocyte esterase testing) endometritis based on their impact on reproductive performance at first service. Clinical endometritis was defined as presence of purulent vaginal discharge whereas subclinical endometritis was defined as presence of ≥ 6% of polymorphonuclear cells using endometrial cytology or the presence of “large amount of leukocytes” using leukocyte esterase testing. The second objective of this research project was to determine the effect of an intrauterine infusion of cephapirin on the reproductive performance at first service in cows with clinical endometritis, subclinical endometritis, and in cows unaffected by endometritis. Cephapirin treatment had no effect on first service pregnancy risk in unaffected cows or in cows affected by clinical endometritis. However, there was a tendency of a positive effect of the treatment in cows affected by subclinical endometritis. Presence of prolonged postpartum anovulation in cows may reduce the efficacy of the cephapirin treatment, especially in cows affected by clinical endometritis.
Couto, Gabriel B. "Comparison of a leukocyte esterase test with endometrial cytology for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis and correlation with first service pregnancy rate in postpartum Holstein cows." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4256.
Full textThe point toward this study was to determine the diagnostic test characteristics of the leukocyte esterase activity test for subclinical endometritis in postpartum Holstein dairy cows. The objectives were 1) to compare uterine leukocyte esterase activity and the endometrial cytology (EC), 2) to compare leukocyte esterase activity of the cervix (CxLE) and the uterus (UtLE), 3) Compare two methods of assessing the slides (i.e. an exhaustive method and a rapid method). Two hundred eighty five post partum Holstein cows from 5 commercial dairy herds had a post partum evaluation between 21 and 47 days in milk (DIM). Sixty seven cows where diagnosed with clinical endometritis by transrectal and vaginoscopy examinations and were excluded from the study. Two hundred eighteen cows were enrolled for endometrial cytology and esterase activity test. The ovarian status was determined by transrectal examination. Computerized databank, dairy DSA (Dossier de Santé Animale) indexing all the cows was used to retrieve individual information for analysis. The percentage of neutrophils was significantly correlated with the LE from the uterus and cervix. The LE from cervix and uterus decreased significantly with DIM, however, they were not statistically associated with pregnancy risk at 90 DIM (n=186). Between 32-47 DIM, the percentage of neutrophils and risk of pregnancy at 90 DIM were associated (n=94, P=0.04). For the same period, survival analysis identified cows with > 2.6 % neutrophils on EC as subclinical endometritis cows with a prevalence of 56%. The two methods for assessing the slides were correlated by 81%. Subclinical endometritis diagnosed by endometrial cytology between 32 and 47 DIM was associated with reduced risk of pregnancy at first service.