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1
Muñoz, Karen. "Counseling Skill Development in Audiology: Clinical Instruction Considerations." Seminars in Hearing 39, no. 01 (February 2018): 009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613701.
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AbstractAudiologists play a critical role in supporting patients as they provide diagnostic information about their hearing and in the delivery of treatment services. Graduate training related to counseling, however, varies among programs in the extent students are prepared to engage effectively and intentionally with patients. Instruction is needed to provide students with a framework that supports their ability to learn and implement evidence-based counseling services. This article addresses the impact patients can experience when counseling gaps exist, shares clinical instruction strategies that can support students' acquisition of counseling skills, and discusses considerations for integration of counseling education into graduate training programs.
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Methe, Scott A., John C. Begeny, and Lemontrel L. Leary. "Development of Conceptually Focused Early Numeracy Skill Indicators." Assessment for Effective Intervention 36, no. 4 (July 13, 2011): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508411414150.
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This research was conducted to evaluate the technical properties of a set of early numeracy CBM tests that were designed to operationalize early numeric concepts. Data were collected over the course of a school year from 113 kindergarten and first-grade children using nine separate tests with three alternative forms. In addition, test–retest reliability was examined. Correlational design methods were used to examine the consistency of the tests as well as their relation to criterion measures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also generated and inspected to examine diagnostic accuracy. Results indicated that two tests demonstrated strong technical properties across all three analyses, and an additional two demonstrated promise. Methodological improvements to test procedures should be addressed in future research, and linking assessment to intervention can be facilitated using tests developed in the current study.
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Ovsyannikova, T. M., S. A. Lapshina, N. Yu Tyzhinova, and A. A. Berdnikova. "Examination of a Child with ASD in PsychologicalMedical-Pedagogical Commission with the Use of Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills, Revisited (ABBLS-R)." Autism and Developmental Disorders 16, no. 2 (2018): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2018160204.
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Problems of assessment of children with autism spectrum disorders during the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission (PMPC) are discussed. Psychological and pedagogical diagnostics of such children has its own specific, first of all, because of difficulties of contact establishment. In the period from January to October 2016, the specialists of the Central PMPC conducted 42 diagnostic procedures for children with ASD with the use of standard assessment methods and some scales of Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills, Revisited (ABBLS-R). Based on the results of the performed study, it was concluded that diagnostic procedures with the use of the ABLLS-R allows to identify areas of skills which are most in need of intervention as well as frequent deficiencies in the development of speech. Also, the technique allows you to objectively assess the level of development of such an important social skill as imitation and sensitivity to the nuances of others actions.
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Berkeley, Sheri L., Lauriece L. Zittel, Lisa V. Pitney, and Stacia E. Nichols. "Locomotor and Object Control Skills of Children Diagnosed with Autism." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 18, no. 4 (October 2001): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.18.4.405.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the locomotor and object control skills of children, ages 6–8 years, with autism and to compare their performances with the norms reported by Ulrich (1985) for the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD). Consistent with trends from the general population, differences were found between boys (n = 10) and girls (n = 5) with the largest differences found in the object control skill performances. Overall fundamental skill delays were demonstrated by 73% of all participants, placing them in the poor and very poor TGMD performance categories. These findings support the need to assess the gross motor skills of young children with autism in addition to other developmental skill areas outlined in diagnostic manuals.
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Kicklighter, Taz H., Paul R. Geisler, Mary Barnum, Scott Heinerichs, and Malissa Martin. "Exploration of Factors Perceived to Influence Development of Diagnostic Reasoning in Athletic Trainers and Athletic Training Students." Athletic Training Education Journal 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1302120.
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Context:Diagnostic reasoning is acknowledged as a vital skill for medical practice, but research regarding this core aspect of medical cognition as it pertains to athletic training contexts is scarce. To compare athletic training–specific clinical reasoning skills with those of other health care practitioners, educators need to better understand how athletic trainers (ATs) think, what helps them think better, and what may hinder their thinking skills as related to diagnostic reasoning challenges in the clinical context.Objective:To conduct a preliminary investigation into ATs' and undergraduate athletic training students' perceptions about their diagnostic reasoning processes. Secondarily, to identify and compare activities or practices that may influence individual diagnostic reasoning abilities.Design:Qualitative research.Setting:Online interviews.Patients or Other Participants:Twenty-three participants (11 ATs, 12 senior-level athletic training students) were convenience sampled from a pool of participants used in a separate, multifaceted diagnostic reasoning study.Main Outcome Measure(s):Participants were interviewed in an online format to determine their diagnostic processing ability and perceived factors that enhance and hinder diagnostic reasoning. Data were analyzed using a general inductive approach.Results:Analysis determined ATs and athletic training students used similar reasoning processes to previously reported expert- and novice-level reasoning abilities, respectively. Professional socialization and metacognitive activities were found to enhance individual diagnostic reasoning abilities in both groups. Lack of professional socialization and time in ATs and limited experiences and educational settings in athletic training students were thought to detract from diagnostic reasoning development.Conclusions:Use of diagnostic reasoning and factors perceived to influence ATs' and athletic training students' ability found within our study correspond with previously reported theories and mimic the current understanding of expert and novice abilities respectively. Understanding factors that influence diagnostic reasoning ability is crucial for developing effective pedagogical and curricular strategies in athletic training education.
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Johnson, Steve, Sarah Veitch, and Silvia Dewiyanti. "A framework to embed communication skills across the curriculum: A design-based research approach." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.12.4.6.
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This paper will report on the development of a university-wide framework to embed communication skills in learning, teaching and assessment at Murdoch University. The framework is based on a multi-layered approach that aims to support both staff and students through an integrated set of services and resources. These include communication skills rubrics, professional development workshops and online resources for staff, and diagnostic assessment and online modules for students. Although the project has been driven by pragmatic, institutional needs, it has aimed to contribute to theoretical understandings concerning ways of embedding the teaching, learning and assessment of communication skills in higher education curricula. Alongside the development of a practical, university-wide Communication Skills Framework, the project has followed a design-based research approach to generate guiding principles for embedding communication skill across the curriculum in higher education.
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Luu, Cindy, Thomas B. Talbot, Cha Chi Fung, Eyal Ben-Isaac, Juan Espinoza, Susan Fischer, Christine S. Cho, Mariam Sargsyan, Sridevi Korand, and Todd P. Chang. "Development and Performance Assessment of a Digital Serious Game to Assess Multi-Patient Care Skills in a Simulated Pediatric Emergency Department." Simulation & Gaming 51, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 550–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878120904984.
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Objective. Multi-patient care is important among medical trainees in an emergency department (ED). While resident efficiency is a typically measured metric, multi-patient care involves both efficiency and diagnostic / treatment accuracy. Multi-patient care ability is difficult to assess, though simulation is a potential alternative. Our objective was to generate validity evidence for a serious game in assessing multi-patient care skills among a variety of learners. Methods. This was a cross-sectional validation study using a digital serious game VitalSignsTM simulating multi-patient care within a pediatric ED. Subjects completed 5 virtual “shifts,” triaging, stabilizing, and discharging or admitting patients within a fixed time period; patients arrived at cascading intervals with pre-programmed deterioration if neglected. Predictor variables included generic multi-tasking ability, video game experience, medical knowledge, and clinical efficiency with real patients. Outcome metrics in 3 domains measured diagnostic accuracy (i.e. critical orders, diagnoses), efficiency (i.e. number of patients, time-to-order) and critical thinking (number of differential diagnoses); MANOVA determined differences between novice learners and expected expert physicians. Spearman Rank correlation determined associations between levels of expertise. Results. Ninety-five subjects’ gameplays were analyzed. Diagnostic accuracy and efficiency distinguished skill level between residency trained (residents, fellows and attendings) and pre-residency trained (medical students and undergraduate) subjects, particularly for critical orders, patients seen, and correct diagnoses (p < 0.003). There were moderate to strong correlations between the game’s diagnostic accuracy and efficiency metrics compared to level of training, including patients seen (rho = 0.47, p < 0.001); critical orders (rho = 0.80, p < 0.001); time-to-order (rho = −0.24, p = 0.025); and correct diagnoses (rho = 0.69, p < 0.001). Video game experience also correlated with patients seen (rho = 0.24, p = 0.003). Conclusion. A digital serious game depicting a busy virtual ED can distinguish between expected experts in multi-patient care at the pre- vs. post-residency level. Further study can focus on whether the game appropriately assesses skill acquisition during residency.
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Wu, Haiyan, Xinya Liang, Hülya Yürekli, Betsy Jane Becker, Insu Paek, and Salih Binici. "Exploring the Impact of Q-Matrix Specifications Through a DINA Model in a Large-Scale Mathematics Assessment." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 38, no. 5 (August 20, 2019): 581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282919867535.
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The demand for diagnostic feedback has triggered extensive research on cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs), such as the deterministic input, noisy output “and” gate (DINA) model. This study explored two Q-matrix specifications with the DINA model in a statewide large-scale mathematics assessment. The first Q-matrix was developed based on five predefined content reporting categories, and the second was based on the post hoc coding of 15 attributes by test-development experts. Total raw scores correlated strongly with the number of skills mastered, using both Q-matrices. Correlations between the DINA-model item statistics and those from the item response theory analyses were moderate to strong, but were always lower for the 15-skill model. Results highlighted the trade-off between finer-grained modeling and less precise model estimation.
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Wataganara, Tuangsit. "Development of Fetoscopic and Minimally Invasive Ultrasound-guided Surgical Simulator: Part of Global Education." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 3 (2013): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1306.
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ABSTRACT Modern practice in perinatology involves a significant portion of invasive procedures. Training in fetal diagnostic procedures is generally accomplished using in vitro model. Fetal therapeutic procedures require a more sophisticated skill. Fetoscopic intervention is most commonly performed for laser dichorionization of the placental in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. A co-ordination between ultrasound guidance and endoscopic surgical skill is required. This article outlines the training schemes in fetal surgery, including surgical simulator (in vitro) model, animal model, and observer and hands-on training. We have described our Siriraj Fetoscopic Surgical SimulatorTM for the trainee to master his proficiency at his own time and pace. How to cite this article Wataganara T. Development of Fetoscopic and Minimally Invasive Ultrasound-guided Surgical Simulator: Part of Global Education. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(3):352-355.
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Kemeny, Martha E., Brent Hawkins, and Heather Porter. "ATRA COMPETENCY STUDY: PROMOTING DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL THERAPISTS SERVING OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S2—S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.006.
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Abstract Competency concerns the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform specific job tasks. In the field of recreational therapy (RT), four documents from the certification (NCTRC), accreditation (CARTE), and professional association (ATRA) broadly identify areas of competency for RTs. While broad competencies are defined, no specific competencies (i.e., diagnoses, assessments, interventions, theories) are identified. Sixty-seven RT experts, including 10 verified older adult experts with greater than five years experience and peer-reviewed publications, participated in three rounds of a Delphi study to gain content consensus. After experts in each setting identified key terms in the first round, experts reviewed the consolidated list twice to generate the final competency list. Next, all certified recreational therapists were invited to rate the extent that each competency item is being used in RT practice; the extent of their knowledge/skill for each item; and the degree of interest in gaining more knowledge/skill. A total of 1377 recreational therapists participated in the study (88% females, 11% male, 1% non-disclosed) with participants ranging in age from 20-60+ years of age. The study’s findings related to specific diagnostic populations served; interventions/modalities, techniques, standardized assessment tools, and theories utilized; education, training, and counseling topics in treatment; and on-the-horizon treatment and issues. This comprehensive two-part multi-year study is the first to explore current RT practice at a micro-competency level. In the effort to improve practice, these specific competencies necessary for RT practice with older adults are significant to both educators and practitioners in future curriculum and professional development efforts.
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Mytnyk, Alexandr, Olena Matvienko, Andrii Guraliuk, Nataliia Mykhalchuk, and Ernest Ivashkevych. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTIVE INTERACTION SKILL AS A COMPONENT OF SOCIAL SUCCESS OF JUNIOR PUPIL." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 28, 2021): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol2.6406.
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The article proves that in order to achieve success in a person's society, it is important to be not only intellectually developed, but also to be able to work effectively in a team. The analysis of a scientific literature shows that there is a lack of research aimed at the purposeful development of students' ability to interact constructively with others. The purpose of the article is to reveal the theoretical and practical foundations for the development of the ability to constructively interact with others in primary school students. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis of a scientific literature on the problem of research, modeling, in order to describe the technique of constructing tasks for joint activities; empirical methods: diagnostic techniques, psychological and pedagogical experiment; methodology for building teaching as a holistic creative process.The article describes the essence of constructive interaction between the subjects of the educational process, presents the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of students of primary school age, the ability to constructively interact with others, namely: the introduction of the course "Logic" in the educational process of primary school in grades from 2 to4, tasks, related to the content of the course "Logic", in the lessons on the disciplines of the humanities and natural-mathematical cycles; the use of interactive teaching methods in the educational process; creation and implementation of tasks for joint educational activities, providing for the "I - inclusion" of everyone in joint work. A system of tasks related to the content of the course "Logic" is presented, examples of tasks of a combined nature are given and the process of working on them is described. The creation of tasks for joint educational activities in large and small groups by means of ICT is described, examples of such tasks are given, the process of working on such tasks is described.With the help of the introduction of certain diagnostic techniques and the organization of experimental research at the all-Ukrainian level, the positive dynamics of the development of students' ability to interact constructively with others and, as a consequence, the effectiveness of the named psychological and pedagogical conditions for the development of the presented skill have been proved.
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Cronin, John J. "A Graduate Communication Course for an Era of Global Commerce: A Case Study." Business Communication Quarterly 58, no. 2 (June 1995): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056999505800207.
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This article describes the development of a communication course for graduate business students that recognizes the emergence of global commerce using high-technology communication, while not ignoring fundamental skills. A "diagnostic assessment center" activity measures student abilities at the start of the course and again at the end. Oral and written skill-building and instruction in technologi cally mediated and intercultural communication are features of the course. The course was offered on an experi mental basis, and student progress and reactions to the course were carefully monitored. I explain the rationale behind the course content, evaluate the results, and offer advice to other schools designing such a course.
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Smithson, Sarah, Maggie Bartlett, David Blanchard, and Matthew Webb. "Evidence-based physical examination." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 11, no. 7 (May 25, 2018): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738018767699.
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It has been suggested that the focused clinical examination should be claimed as a specialist GP skill. Integral to this objective is the ability to select and interpret an examination to accurately support the diagnostic process. This article will introduce you to evidence-based physical examination (EBPE), and how it can be used in your day-to-day work with patients. You will learn how to make evidence-based and efficient use of the physical examination, while also improving your skills in diagnosis. The connection between information gathered in history taking, the development of diagnostic hypotheses, and the choice of specific examinations to confirm or refute these hypotheses will be explored using simple clinical scenarios. You will be introduced to the statistical tools used in EBPE that enable you to make an estimation of the likelihood of a patient having a particular diagnosis once the examination has been performed.
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., Sasmoko, Yasinta Indrianti, Anindyo Widhoyoko, and Rochmat Wahab. "Organizational Diagnostic Model in Higher Education: Literature Review of Organizational Diagnostic Model through Mckinsey 7s Framework Model, Weisboard 6 Boxes Model and National Education Standards in Indonesia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.30 (August 24, 2018): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18264.
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Organizational diagnosis is done for organizational development and change. This study aims to further examine the concept of an organizational model that tries to cultivate the McKinsey 7S Framework Model and the Weisbord Six Box Model with the National Standards of Higher Education. This research uses Neuroresearch research method, which is a research method that combines quantitative and qualitative research with an exploratory stage. The result of the research shows the design of Organizational Diagnostic Model for Higher Education in Indonesia which consists of Strategy, Structure, System, Skill, Staff, Leadership, Value and Purpose (SNPT) consisting of Education Standard, Research Standard, and Standard of Community Service.
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Plapinger, Donald S., and Darryn M. Sikora. "The Use of Standardized Test Batteries in Assessing the Skill Development of Children With Mild-to-Moderate Sensorineural Hearing Loss." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 26, no. 1 (January 1995): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2601.39.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of using standardized psychoeducational diagnostic instruments on children with mild-to-moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Historically, these procedures either have been modified or eliminated from the evaluation protocol (Kretschmer & Quigley, 1988). The results of the present study suggest that tests standardized on students with normal hearing may be used with confidence to assess both cognitive and academic levels of functioning in students with sensorineural hearing loss.
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Galvani, D. "What are the features of an expert haematological microscopist?" Journal of Clinical Pathology 61, no. 10 (August 28, 2008): 1108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2008.057893.
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Aims:To determine what skills make a good consultant haematological microscopist; to explore how these skills develop during training and to determine whether these skills are maintained following training.Methods:Twenty consultant haematologists underwent a semistructured interview to explore these issues. The interviews were transcribed and analysed for common themes using the N-vivo analytic package. This provides rich subjective qualitative data as opposed to hard objective quantitative data.Results:Experience, methodicity and interest were the commonest skills mentioned. However, 25% of interviewees admitted they no longer followed a format when reporting. Interviewees agreed they had passed from a hypothetico-deductive to a scheme-inductive diagnostic reasoning model during acquisition of expertise. Only 20% had undertaken refresher training since becoming consultants, but the majority undertake some peer review of their work.Conclusions:These skills could form the basis of vocational and revalidation assessments in the practice of haematological microscopy. The elucidation of such skill development can help refine standards and remedial training through the process of “deliberate practice.” Finally, the low uptake of refresher courses for established consultants needs serious consideration.
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Sessiani, Lucky Ade. "WORD-SOUND THERAPY AS AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE PHONOLOGICAL AWARENESS: CASE STUDY ON A CHILD WITH PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER." Journal of Psychology and Instructions 2, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpai.v2i2.15981.
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Phonological awareness is ability to segment the syllables and phonemes heard in speech. It is also the most important behavioral index to measure the development of reading skill. Children who had problems or impairments in phonological awareness will perform high-risk for reading skill mastery which is the most important skill in early education level. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of Word-Sound Therapy in improving phonological awareness and speech production in single word segment level. The subject of the study is a child, 5 years of age, who met the diagnostic criterias for Phonological Disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). The Word-Sound Therapy is used as an intervention which include series of phonological awareness tasks and inserting the speech production training between the phonological awareness activities to improve phonemic awareness. This research is using a multiple baseline across behavior design. The qualitative data analysis was conducted using behavioral approach, Response Antecedents Consequences-Strength (RAC-S). Visual inspection was also used to observe the emergence of target behaviors. Result showed that Word-Sound Therapy is improving child’s ability in identifying similarity and analyze the last phoneme in words. Result also showed that this therapy could be used for children at minimum 5 years of age, had normal IQ, and needs a phonological awareness intervention especially focused in rhyme detection and last phoneme isolation.
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Thomas, Gary S., and David C. Miller. "Development of an Air Combat Performance Measure." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 18 (October 1988): 1207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803201804.
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The purpose of this research was to formulate a unitary measure of performance for simulated one-versus-one, within visual range, air-to-air combat. The measure will serve as a criterion for the development and validation of specific measures of ACM skill that can be used to provide diagnostic performance feedback to pilots. Two experiments were conducted in which fighter pilots served as judges and rank-ordered, from most to least desirable, hypothetical ACM engagement outcomes. Outcome variables included (1) whether or not the hypothetical pilot achieved a “kill,” (2) whether or not he survived the mission, (3) the percent of time the pilot was in an offensive, defensive, or neutral posture, (4) length of engagement, and (5) posture at the beginning and end of the engagement (offensive, defensive, or neutral). In order to determine inter-rater agreement among judges in Experiment I, their rankings were correlated. Correlations ranged from .93 to .99. Pilots' rankings of engagement outcomes were subjected to linear regression analyses to derive equations that could be used as a unitary measure of ACM success. The regression equation in Experiment I accounted for 95% of the variance in rankings, and the composite regression model calculated in Experiment II accounted for more than 70% of the variance.
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Grib, E. V., E. V. Kolomoets, and V. V. Latysheva. "Game-based Methods for Competence “Teamwork and Leadership” Development: The Case of Engineering Students." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 29, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-10-125-134.
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The competence “teamwork and leadership” is one of the key and the most required in the modern professional environment. The article presents the experience of the Department of sociology, psychology and social management of Moscow Aviation Institute in the development of teamwork skills among students majoring in engineering.Teamwork in the article is understood as an effective joint activity to achieve goals. Teamwork as a professional competence includes certain skills and abilities that are being formed gradually on the basis of interpersonal and intergroup communication. For the formation of team qualities, gamebased learning methods are used, which increase the effectiveness of pedagogical efforts. Game methods in comparison with traditional lectures and seminars involve more active communication, emotional colouring and visual demonstration of the results. The main task of a teacher is not to broadcast information and check its assimilation, but to stimulate the activity of students themselves. Game-based methods are both a diagnostic and corrective tool, they allow to identify already existing skills, activate the behaviour of students in the desired direction and consolidate the result. The article analyses the experience of using active training methods for the development of the competence “teamwork and leadership”. Trainings are conducted in several stages, on each of them certain tasks are being solved: the current level of competence development is evaluated, tasks are performed together, results are discussed, and an exercise is given to reinforce the skill. After the trainings, change in the participants’ attitude to teamwork and increase in the level of cohesion, trust, and involvement were revealed. The experience of organising of trainings turned out to be successful and useful not only for building competence, but also for identifying difficulties that prevent students from creating effective teams.The materials of the article may be of interest to University teachers working on the development of students’ competence “teamwork” and using learning technologies.
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Stepanchenko, N. I., I. B. Hrybovska, M. V. Danylevych, and R. V. Hryboskyy. "Aspects of psychomotor development of primary school children with hearing loss from the standpoint of Bernstein's theory of movement construction." Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 24, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0308.
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Purpose: As the latest research shows, psychomotor development and motor learning of deaf children is garnering a great deal of attention from scientists. Effectively correcting the psychomotor development of hearing-impaired kids requires a deep understanding of the disorders, structures, depth, and the children’s potential motor learning capabilities. We believe this understanding can be reached with the Bernstein approach. However, we were able to find only a handful of studies on psychomotor development of hearing-impaired children from the point of view of the theory of how motor skills are formed. Based on this theory, the purpose of this study was to create a diagnostic program that can evaluate and analyze psychomotor disorders and uncover their mechanism in hearing impaired kids compared to their peers with normal hearing. Methods: The study included 54 children from primary schools in Lviv with normal hearing and 94 primary school children with hearing loss from the Lviv Specialized Boarding School named after Maria Pokrova №101 and the Zhovkiv Training and Rehabilitation Center “Zlagoda” (51 children with hearing loss and 43 deaf children). The research sample we chose was random and the children ranged in age from 7-8 years old. To study a single motor skill based on the involvement of multiple levels of central nervous system control, the jump model was chosen. The study consisted of 10 tests, each of which was rated on a 5point scale. Gathered and analysed data were used for the quantitative method. Result: It was established that children with hearing loss had psychomotor retardation on all motor skill levels compared to their peers with normal hearing. Hearing impaired children had a low level of static and dynamic coordination, speed of movement, and motor memory. The lowest level of development was purposeful movement. Conclusions: We identified specific psychomotor disorders in primary school children with hearing loss compared to their peers with normal hearing on all levels of motor skill formation, and found correlations between the overall assessment of hearing impaired children and the studied components by level of movement construction: for any motor activity, there is a primary level, which forms the foundation of the movement and all other levels that are activated when performing the movement. The aspects of sensory-motor functions in primary school children with hearing loss depend on the level of hearing loss and consist of an absence of coordination on multiple levels of movement construction.
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Pugalendhi, Arivazhagan, Rajesh Ranganathan, Narendran Venkatapathy, Kalpana Narendran, and Parag K. Shah. "Design and development of model eye for retina laser by using additive manufacturing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 235, no. 1 (September 28, 2020): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411920960548.
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Surgical skill of the surgeon can be improved by surgical simulation. Especially in ophthalmology, it is impossible to use real human/non-human primate eyes for ophthalmology surgery practice. However, surgical practice is most important for ophthalmologist. The retina laser surgery is one of the ophthalmology surgeries and it requires more surgical practice for surgeons to use the laser beam precisely to coagulate and fuse small areas of tissue. Dealing with the prospect of vision reduction or vision loss presents a peculiar problem and that can be highly stressful and frustrating for both doctors and patients. In this regard, training for indirect ophthalmoscopy and retinal photocoagulation is undergone using model eyes instead of real eyes. Properties and functioning of an existing model eye are huge and they differ from real human eye such as casings are completely rigid and focusing of retinal fundus is not completely covered. Therefore, this research concentrates to develop a model eye that assimilates close to the human eye by focussing on the maximum viewing area that is not done at the moment. Finally, the design and development of re-engineered model eye for retina laser is fabricated by additive manufacturing. Compared to existing plastic model eye, viewing area and viewing angle of the re-engineered model eye is increased by 16.66% and 6.14%, respectively. Due to design modifications and elimination of the insert, it can be reduced by 18.99% and 13.95% of height and weight of the top casing respectively. Developed re-engineered model eye will improve the surgical and diagnostic skill of the surgeon and increase their confidence and proficiency. It also augments the effective use of essential ophthalmic instruments. Additionally, it can reduce the surgical error and meet the existing demand of actual eyes for surgical practices.
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Tsvetkova, N. A., and S. V. Kulakova. "Women in Penal Correction System: Personality Characteristics and Opportunities for Professional and Career Development." Psychology and Law 11, no. 2 (2021): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2021110205.
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Presents the results of an empirical study of women employed in the penitentiary system. Seven techniques were used: the Big Five Personality Questionnaire (NEO Personality Inventory); Hall Emotional Intelligence Test (by Nicholas Hall); test E.Berne'; the diagnostic technique for the motivators of one's socio-psychological activity; the methodology for studying the style of one's behavioral self-regulation by V.I. Morosanova; self-rating of possibilities for one's professional development and career; expert evaluation of officer's personality by B.G. Bovin. The examined group of female officers is characterized by : a) mid-range values of the four "traits of a normal personality"; b) modest levels of "emotional intelligence"; c) structural personality disorders which complicate interpersonal communication; d) an ambition to succeed accompanied by a much less apparent will to power; e) an accentuated average style of behavioral self-regulation with the vitally important "modeling skill" as the leading component and the "self-dependence" trait as a "backward" one. Finally, recommendations were proposed to improve the work with the personnel in the penitentiary system.
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Nielsen-Gammon, John W., and David A. Gold. "Dynamical Diagnosis: A Comparison of Quasigeostrophy and Ertel Potential Vorticity." Meteorological Monographs 55 (November 1, 2008): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/0065-9401-33.55.183.
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Abstract Advances in computer power, new forecasting challenges, and new diagnostic techniques have brought about changes in the way atmospheric development and vertical motion are diagnosed in an operational setting. Many of these changes, such as improved model skill, model resolution, and ensemble forecasting, have arguably been detrimental to the ability of forecasters to understand and respond to the evolving atmosphere. The use of nondivergent wind in place of geostrophic wind would be a step in the right direction, but the advantages of potential vorticity suggest that its widespread adoption as a diagnostic tool on the west side of the Atlantic is overdue. Ertel potential vorticity (PV), when scaled to be compatible with pseudopotential vorticity, is generally similar to pseudopotential vorticity, so forecasters accustomed to quasigeostrophic reasoning through the height tendency equation can transfer some of their intuition into the Ertel-PV framework. Indeed, many of the differences between pseudopotential vorticity and Ertel potential vorticity are consequences of the choice of definition of quasigeostrophic PV and are not fundamental to the quasigeostrophic system. Thus, at its core, PV thinking is consistent with commonly used quasigeostrophic diagnostic techniques.
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Foran, A. S. "P043: Education innovation: a postgraduate emergency medicine musculoskeletal medicine curriculum." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S92—S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.219.
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Introduction / Innovation Concept: Musculoskeletal medicine (MSKM) complaints account for a significant portion of emergency room visits. Furthermore, MSKM diagnostic and management skills are poorly taught in undergraduate medicine and emergency medicine (EM). Here, we successfully developed an MSKM curriculum resulting in objectively improved resident acumen. Methods: Curriculum development was achieved by surveying local EM residents on their perceived MSKM deficits, and effective MSK teaching strategies. A literature search was also completed identifying MSKM teaching shortcomings. Finally, orthopaedic surgeons were asked which clinical entities they thought should be emphasized in our curriculum. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: A case-based MSKM curriculum was created. Cases emphasized commonly occurring emergency department presentations, topics that EM practitioners self-identified as requiring further teaching, commonly missed problems at first presentation, and high-risk cases if mismanaged. Curriculum implementation consisted of three, half-day, workshops. Workshops included didactic lectures, MSKM physical exam practice, and MSKM cases. MSKM cases required resident history taking and physical exam practice, radiography interpretation, and management plan formulation. Objective assessments of resident MSKM knowledge and skill were given to the learners before and after the workshops. Survey questions were grouped into 3 categories: MSK assessment, investigation, and management. Questions were scored on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from “not at all confident” to “very confident”. A Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test indicated statistically significant improvement in learner confidence within all three domains after the first workshop (n=19 learners; assessment: p<0.001, investigation: p<0.001, management: p<0.001), and after the second workshop (n=24 learners; assessment: p<0.001, investigation: p<0.001, management: p<0.001). Conclusion: We successfully incorporated MSKM teaching into our academic curriculum based on previously identified weaknesses, resulting in improved resident MSKM case management. Further MSKM teaching sessions and evaluations to facilitate knowledge and skill maintenance are currently under development.
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Hwang, Jiwon, Yoonju Kim, Jungmin Kim, and Hyunjeong Lee. "A Review on the Question Development and Operation Process for Improving the Feasibility of Key Competencies Diagnostic Tools-Focusing on K-CESA Communication Skill Result." Korea Association for Care Competency Education 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52616/jccer.2018.3.2.25.
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Sheats, M., Sarah Hammond, and April Kedrowicz. "Analysis of Final Year Veterinary Students’ Telephone Communication Skills at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital." Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5040099.
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Client communication is a core clinical skill that is taught as part of the required curriculum at many veterinary colleges. Although much client communication occurs face-to-face, telephone communication is used to provide patient updates, relay results of diagnostic tests, and check on discharged patients. This research explored fourth year veterinary medical students’ telephone communication skills. We recorded and analyzed the transcripts of 25 calls students made to clients of three different services in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Additionally, we explored the perspectives of veterinary educators by distributing a survey to university faculty and house officers (n = 57). Results indicate that students excelled at identifying the patient and purpose of the call and incorporating professional language and clear explanations. They require development in providing structure and incorporating core communication skills. Compared with our survey results, the student findings are at odds with clinicians’ expectations of students’ communication abilities. We conclude that additional training is required to familiarize students with expectations regarding telephone communication, including reviewing the case thoroughly, preparing to answer questions and provide explanations, following organizational protocol, and incorporating open ended questions, reflective listening, and empathy. This data will inform design, and help to measure the impact, of telephone communication education and training that will be incorporated into the existing veterinary communication curriculum.
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Schilling, Jim. "Instructional Strategy: Administration of Injury Scripts." Athletic Training Education Journal 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1103152.
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Context: Learning how to form accurate and efficient clinical examinations is a critical factor in becoming a competent athletic training practitioner, and instructional strategies differ for this complex task. Objective: To introduce an instructional strategy consistent with complex learning to encourage improved efficiency by minimizing intrinsic cognitive load and effectiveness by emphasizing the development of mental schemas. This strategy, called illness scripts in medicine, was adapted as injury scripts for athletic training. Background: Athletic training students are taught to learn a universal clinical reasoning process for conducting clinical examinations that consists of extensive collecting of patient data and matching these data to a hypothesis, referred to as a hypothetico-deductive approach. This process is burdensome to cognitive load storage capacity and delays development of expertise in diagnostic accuracy. Description: Injury scripts is a clinical reasoning strategy consistent with complex learning, where the evaluation of knowledge and skill competencies or key features of specific conditions are integrated in an incremental, simple-to-complex progression. This strategy will improve learning efficiency and effectiveness. The context in which cases are presented should emphasize real-life scenarios. Clinical Advantage(s): Improved efficiency of student learning and enhanced effectiveness in the professional preparation of knowledge and skills for injury evaluation. Conclusion(s): By integrating evaluation competencies or key features of specific conditions, they can be stored as injury scripts in long-term memory, saving space in working memory and ultimately minimizing intrinsic cognitive load. As students migrate through the curriculum, existing injury scripts will expand by consolidating additional information and effectively prepare them to be competent professionals in clinical examination and diagnosis. Students must also recognize that if specific data collected do not match a script, further analysis is needed to avoid diagnostic error.
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Tsigilis, Nikolaos, and Athanasios Koustelios. "Development and validation of an instrument measuring core job characteristics." International Journal of Educational Management 34, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-03-2019-0112.
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Purpose Much of prior research focused on the dimensionality of the part of Job Diagnostic Survey that measures the core job characteristics, with mixed findings. The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate an instrument assessing core job characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Public school teachers (n=685) serving in elementary and secondary schools filled in the Core Job Characteristics Inventory (CJCI). CJCI comprises 29 items to assess job autonomy, task significance, task identification, skill variety and feedback from the job. The development of the CJCI undergone the following stages: development of an initial pool of items, examination of its content validity by ten experts and a pilot study. Findings Exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors with satisfactory internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis showed mixed results. Application of exploratory structural equation modeling procedures revealed that a correlated five-factor model yielded an adequate fit to the data. Associations among the five work features were significant, positive and yielding moderate values. Correlations among the five-core job characteristics and two affective job responses (job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion) provided evidence of CJCI concurrent validity. Practical implications Human resources managers can use CJCI to measure core job characteristics or to evaluate interventions in the work places. Originality/value A new instrument was developed to measure core job characteristics, and to address previous shortcomings reported in the literature. The rigorous methodological procedure, which followed for the development of the CJCI combined with a cross-validation approach best guarantees its applicability.
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Vezetiu, E. V., E. V. Vovk, and O. B. Martynyuk. "Diagnostics of future preschool educators research skills development." SHS Web of Conferences 87 (2020): 00073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208700073.
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The article deals with the process of diagnostics of future preschool educators’ research skills development. The need to develop a system of diagnostics of future preschool educators’ research skills development is justified by the need to develop students ’ components of research competence specified in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education (FSES HE). The system of activity of the modern teacher of preschool education involves not only implementation of education and training of children, but also organization and conduct of research activities with pupils, elementary preparation of preschoolers for implementation of the analyzed activities in the future which justifies the need for diagnostics of future personnel educators’ research skills development in the process of their professional training in high school. The success of analyzed skills of future teachers’ development cannot be determined without diagnostic operations to identify the level of specialists’ research competence development. Thus, the purpose of this study is to solve the problem of criteria and indicators; determination the levels of research skills and their characteristics development. The aim of the research is realized by applying methods of pedagogical diagnostics, analysis and generalization. Practical and theoretical novelty of the study is justified by the fact that in its course, methods of selection and compilation of diagnostic tools, principles of implemented diagnostic operations and pedagogical conditions for their implementation are determined and a universal algorithm of actions for the use of diagnostic tools is developed. It allows determining the objective level of diagnostics of future preschool educators’ research skills development in order to imperfect it by adjusting and improving the whole methodological system. The results of the study allowed justifying the effectiveness of the developed system of pedagogical diagnostics which allows using it in future in determining diagnostics of future preschool educators’ research skills development.
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Vukićević, Sanja, Mirjana Đorđević, Nenad Glumbić, Zorica Bogdanović, and Milica Đurić Jovičić. "A Demonstration Project for the Utility of Kinect-Based Educational Games to Benefit Motor Skills of Children with ASD." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 6 (August 7, 2019): 1117–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512519867521.
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Motor disorders often accompany autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although they are not included in its diagnostic criteria. Slower motor development is evident in early childhood in this population, making early motor skills intervention advisable. As educational games and modern technology can represent new forms of treatment, this study evaluated four Kinect-based visuo-motor games called Fruits that were specially designed for this research. We sought to test whether children with ASD would show behavior changes during their game play and whether any effects would generalize to another game called Rackets. The study included 10 elementary school children with ASD, aged 9-13 years, who were divided into (a) an experimental group ( n = 5) who, in addition to standard treatment, played Fruits once a week for a 5-week period and Rackets both before and after the 5-week period and (b) a control group ( n = 5) who received only standard treatment during this period and also played Rackets before and after it. We found significant improvements in gross motor skills and successful generalization of acquired skills among children in the experimental group relative to the control group. The experimental group also showed an increase in positive emotions and a decrease in loss of attention while playing the games. These preliminary findings indicate a motor skill benefit for children with ASD who play Kinect-based educational games, but further research is needed to replicate and expand these findings with larger participant samples.
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Moloney, Kristen, Monika Janda, Michael Frumovitz, Mario Leitao, Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Emma Rossi, James L. Nicklin, et al. "Development of a surgical competency assessment tool for sentinel lymph node dissection by minimally invasive surgery for endometrial cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 31, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-002315.
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IntroductionSentinel lymph node dissection is widely used in the staging of endometrial cancer. Variation in surgical techniques potentially impacts diagnostic accuracy and oncologic outcomes, and poses barriers to the comparison of outcomes across institutions or clinical trial sites. Standardization of surgical technique and surgical quality assessment tools are critical to the conduct of clinical trials. By identifying mandatory and prohibited steps of sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection in endometrial cancer, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a competency assessment tool for use in surgical quality assurance.MethodsA Delphi methodology was applied, included 35 expert gynecological oncology surgeons from 16 countries. Interviews identified key steps and tasks which were rated mandatory, optional, or prohibited using questionnaires. Using the surgical steps for which consensus was achieved, a competency assessment tool was developed and subjected to assessments of validity and reliability.ResultsSeventy percent consensus agreement standardized the specific mandatory, optional, and prohibited steps of SLN dissection for endometrial cancer and informed the development of a competency assessment tool. Consensus agreement identified 21 mandatory and three prohibited steps to complete a SLN dissection. The competency assessment tool was used to rate surgical quality in three preselected videos, demonstrating clear separation in the rating of the skill level displayed with mean skills summary scores differing significantly between the three videos (F score=89.4; P<0.001). Internal consistency of the items was high (Cronbach α=0.88).ConclusionSpecific mandatory and prohibited steps of SLN dissection in endometrial cancer have been identified and validated based on consensus among a large number of international experts. A competency assessment tool is now available and can be used for surgeon selection in clinical trials and for ongoing, prospective quality assurance in routine clinical care.
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Babalich, Viktoriya, Tetyana Malenyuk, Olena Golub, and Alexander Broyakovsʹkyy. "CORRECTIONAL CORRECTION ABILITIES IN YOUNG CHILDREN SCHOOL AGE WITH DISABILITIES HEARING BY SWIMMING MACHINES." Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper 1 (2020): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32540/2071-1476-2019-1-207.
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Introduction. This article addresses the issue of improving of children with hearing impairments. Using swimming facilities, we aimed to improve coordination preparedness, as well as swimming skills of hearing impaired children. The hypothesis of the study is to correct deviations in the development of children with hearing impairments, in particular coordination of movements, which can be achieved by developing a program and guidelines for the use of swimming equipment. The purpose of: To scientifically program substantiated correction children coordination of primary school age with hearing impairment by swimming means for full physical development. To solve this goal were used following research methods: theoretical analysis, analysis of pedagogical experience, observation, diagnostic methods (conversation, testing); pedagogical experiment (ascertaining, formative); methods of statistical processing of received information. The study involved children with mild pathologies of the auditory analyzer aged 8-9 years. Results. In the result of research was proved the positive impact of swimming on the coordination correction of children with hearing impairment. Confirmation of positive dynamics is an improvement in the results of test assignments. The greatest increase of indicators was achieved in a test task performed in water (P <0.05). The practical: The implemented program using specially matched solutions and methods that take into specifics of disease positively influenced the formation of coordination preparedness for children with hearing impairments. At the same time use of swimming aids contributed to the mastery of a vital skill for every person - the ability to swim. Key words: hearing impaired children, adaptive swimming, rehabilitation, pathology, physical fitness.
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Hrechuha, Irina. "Psychosocial factors of development of a literary gifted personality." HUMANITARIUM 41, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2308-5126-2019-41-1-64-74.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the psychosocial factors of development of a literary gifted personality.The article reveals the essence of such psychological categories as: «gifted personality», «age-related giftedness», «signs of giftedness» and «literary gifted personality». The diagnostic features of the biographical interview, as a method of examining of literary gifted personality have been analyzed. While exploring the life path of a person, we see its reflection in the events, circumstances and social environment in which the individual grew up and developed. The features of the influence of reference persons on the development of a literary-gifted pupil`s personality in various age periods are described.It has been proved that the presenceof significant people in the social environment of the child, who are his inheritance examples and support him at all stages of his creative development, is a condition for personal growth.It has been noted that an important motivating factor for the development of literary abilities, especially in the initial stages, is a meeting the need for acknowledgment and recognition.The age dynamics in the reference structure of literary gifted personalities consists in its expansion and complication: preschool age – orientation toward supporting the immediate environment (family and relatives), junior school age – expanding the circle of reference persons (adding friends, classmates, and school teachers); adolescence – displacement of the reference dominance to friends and classmates, to the teacher of the Ukrainian language and literature and the head of the literary club, as well as appearing of virtual reference persons; early adolescence – increasing of the reference rate of virtual persons, the high level of reference of friends, the teacher of the Ukrainian language and literature and the head of the literary club remains the same. Empirically, it has been established that at all stages of the development of a literary gifted personality, a special role is played by the teacher of the Ukrainian language and literature and virtual reference persons (writers, poets, playwrights) who are standards of literary creativity and skill forpupils.
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Masalova, V. S., and E. K. Yaglovskya. "To the Question of Understanding by Preschoolers the Emotional States of Another Person." Вестник практической психологии образования 17, no. 1 (2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2020170101.
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The article presents the results of studies during which the authors studied the dynamics of the development of the emotional and social spheres of preschool children. Based on the results, a number of issues related to the diagnosis and various psychological practices aimed at the development of these areas are considered. Also given are the results of a study that identifies the age-related potential of preschool children associated with the ability to focus on the emotional states of another person. The results presented in the article demonstrate that only in the fifth year of life, most children on their own (without the help of an adult) begin to highlight the emotional state of a person as an essential sign. But they do not use their skill when they try to orient in the sense of what is happening. Only at the end of preschool age do some children begin to determine the meaning of what is happening on the basis of the emotional states of another person. Based on the data obtained, an admission is made about the need for developmental (not diagnostic) work with children. The methodology of the forming experiment described in the article allows one to determine the directions of psychological and pedagogical support of the emotional development of preschool children.
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Sankarasubramanian, A., Upmanu Lall, and Susan Espinueva. "Role of Retrospective Forecasts of GCMs Forced with Persisted SST Anomalies in Operational Streamflow Forecasts Development." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jhm842.1.
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Abstract Seasonal streamflow forecasts contingent on climate information are essential for water resources planning and management as well as for setting up contingency measures during extreme years. In this study, operational streamflow forecasts are developed for a reservoir system in the Philippines using ECHAM4.5 precipitation forecasts (EPF) obtained using persisted sea surface temperature (SST) scenarios. Diagnostic analyses on SST conditions show that the tropical SSTs influence the streamflow during extreme years, whereas the local SSTs (0°–25°N, 115°–130°E) account for streamflow variability during normal years. Given that the EPF, local, and tropical SST conditions are spatially correlated, principal components regression (PCR) is employed to downscale the GCM-predicted precipitation fields and SST anomalies to monthly streamflow forecasts and to update them every month within the season using the updated EPF and SST conditions. These updated forecasts improve the prediction of monthly streamflows within the season in comparison to the skill of the monthly streamflow forecasts issued at the beginning of the season. It is also shown that the streamflow forecasting model developed using EPF under persisted SST conditions performs well upon employing EPF obtained under predicted SSTs as predictor. This has potential implications in the development of operational streamflow forecasts and statistical downscaling, which requires adequate years of retrospective GCM forecasts for recalibration. Finally, the study also shows that predicting the seasonal streamflow using the monthly precipitation forecasts reproduces the observed seasonal total better than the conventional approach of using seasonal precipitation forecasts to predict the seasonal streamflow.
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Sobash, Ryan A., Glen S. Romine, Craig S. Schwartz, David J. Gagne, and Morris L. Weisman. "Explicit Forecasts of Low-Level Rotation from Convection-Allowing Models for Next-Day Tornado Prediction." Weather and Forecasting 31, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 1591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-16-0073.1.
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Abstract Three diagnostic fields were examined to assess their ability to act as surrogates for tornadoes in a convection-allowing ensemble system run during the spring of 2015. The diagnostics included midlevel (2–5 km AGL) updraft helicity (UH25), low-level (0–3 km AGL) updraft helicity (UH03), and low-level (1 km AGL) vertical relative vorticity (RVORT1). RVORT1 was used as a direct measure of low-level rotation strength. Each storm’s RVORT1 magnitude and near-storm environment properties were extracted from each hour’s forecasts using an object-based approach. The near-storm environments of storm objects with large magnitudes of RVORT1 were very similar to the environments identified as conducive for the development of tornadic supercells in previous proximity sounding-based studies (e.g., low lifted condensation levels and strong low-level shear). This motivated the use of RVORT1 as a direct surrogate for tornadoes, without the need to filter forecasts with environmental information. The relationship between UH25 and UH03 was also explored among the simulated storms; UH03 only exceeded UH25 in storms occurring within low-CAPE/high-shear environments, while UH03 rarely exceeded UH25 in traditional supercell environments. Next-day ensemble surrogate severe probability forecasts (E-SSPFs) for tornadoes were generated using these diagnostics for 92 forecasts, with thresholds based on the number of observed tornado reports. E-SSPFs for tornadoes using RVORT1 and UH03 were more skillful than E-SSPFs using UH25. The UH25 E-SSPFs possessed little skill, regardless of threshold or smoothing length scale. All E-SSPFs suffered from poor sharpness at skillful scales, with few forecast probabilities greater than 40%.
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Gross, Andrews, Bergamaschi, Downing, Holleman, Burdick, and Durand. "The Use of Stable Isotope-Based Water Age to Evaluate a Hydrodynamic Model." Water 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112207.
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Transport time scales are common metrics of the strength of transport processes. Water age is the time elapsed since water from a specific source has entered a study area. An observational method to estimate water age relies on the progressive concentration of the heavier isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water that occurs during evaporation. The isotopic composition is used to derive the fraction of water evaporated, and then translated into a transport time scale by applying assumptions of representative water depth and evaporation rate. Water age can also be estimated by a hydrodynamic model using tracer transport equations. Water age calculated by each approach is compared in the Cache Slough Complex, located in the northern San Francisco Estuary, during summer conditions in which this region receives minimal direct freshwater inflow. The model’s representation of tidal dispersion of Sacramento River water into this backwater region is evaluated. In order to compare directly to isotopic estimates of the fraction of water evaporated (“fractional evaporation”) in addition to age, a hydrodynamic model-based property tracking approach analogous to the water age estimation approach is proposed. The age and fractional evaporation model results are analyzed to evaluate assumptions applied in the field-based age estimates. The generally good correspondence between the water age results from both approaches provides confidence in applying the modeling approach to predict age through broader spatial and temporal scales than are practical to assess using the field method, and discrepancies between the two methods suggest aspects of both approaches that may be improved. Model skill in predicting water age is compared to skill in predicting salinity. Compared to water age, salinity observations are shown to be a less useful diagnostic of transport in this low salinity region in which salt inputs are poorly constrained.
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Moraes, Pedro Henrique de Marqui, Rosa Sigrist, Marcelo Straus Takahashi, Marcelo Schelini, and Maria Cristina Chammas. "Ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of thyroid nodules: evolution of a promising diagnostic tool for predicting the risk of malignancy." Radiologia Brasileira 52, no. 4 (August 2019): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2018.0084.
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Abstract The elastic properties of tissue have always been of interest in clinical practice. In the past, the identification of structures that were stiffer on physical palpation would raise the suspicion that “there was something wrong”. With the development and advancement of medicine, there proved to be a true correlation in the prediction of malignancy of a lesion: malignant disease tends to stiffen the affected tissue, either by increased cell proliferation or fibrosis. Palpation is the oldest method for the detection of thyroid nodules, which is informed by the knowledge that malignant thyroid lesions tend to be much harder than benign ones. Unfortunately, palpation is a highly subjective method that is dependent on the size and location of the lesion, as well as on the skill of the physician. In cases where these nodules are very small or are located in deep regions, their detection by palpation is difficult or even impossible. In addition, although a malignant lesion differs in terms of elasticity, it may not have echogenic properties, preventing its detection by conventional ultrasound. Imaging that indicates the stiffness or deformation of tissues, through the use of ultrasound elastography techniques, adds new information related to their structural formation. In this article, we review the basic physical principles of elastography and the evolution of the method for the evaluation of thyroid nodules, as well as the limitations of and future perspectives for its use.
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Abramson, Maria Kulick, and Peter J. Lloyd. "Development of a Pitch Discrimination Screening Test for Preschool Children." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 27, no. 04 (April 2016): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14052.
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Background: There is a critical need for tests of auditory discrimination for young children as this skill plays a fundamental role in the development of speaking, prereading, reading, language, and more complex auditory processes. Frequency discrimination is important with regard to basic sensory processing affecting phonological processing, dyslexia, measurements of intelligence, auditory memory, Asperger syndrome, and specific language impairment. Purpose: This study was performed to determine the clinical feasibility of the Pitch Discrimination Test (PDT) to screen the preschool child’s ability to discriminate some of the acoustic demands of speech perception, primarily pitch discrimination, without linguistic content. The PDT used brief speech frequency tones to gather normative data from preschool children aged 3 to 5 yrs. Research Design: A cross-sectional study was used to gather data regarding the pitch discrimination abilities of a sample of typically developing preschool children, between 3 and 5 yrs of age. The PDT consists of ten trials using two pure tones of 100-msec duration each, and was administered in an AA or AB forced-choice response format. Study Sample: Data from 90 typically developing preschool children between the ages of 3 and 5 yrs were used to provide normative data. Data Analysis: Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-testing was used to examine the effects of age as a continuous variable on pitch discrimination. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine the significance of age on performance on the PDT. Spearman rank was used to determine the correlation of age and performance on the PDT. Results: Pitch discrimination of brief tones improved significantly from age 3 yrs to age 4 yrs, as well as from age 3 yrs to the age 4- and 5-yrs group. Results indicated that between ages 3 and 4 yrs, children’s auditory discrimination of pitch improved on the PDT. The data showed that children can be screened for auditory discrimination of pitch beginning with age 4 yrs. Conclusions: The PDT proved to be a time efficient, feasible tool for a simple form of frequency discrimination screening in the preschool population before the age where other diagnostic tests of auditory processing disorders can be used.
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S. Nagovitsyn, Roman, Svetlana Yu. Senator, Aleksandr Y. Ratsimor, Nataliya V. Neverova, and Oleg V. Srebrodolsky. "A MODULAR APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF COMPETENCIES OF BACHELORS OF TEACHER EDUCATION." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8138.
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Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study to develop a model for the implementation of a modular approach to the formation of competencies of bachelors of pedagogical education and experimentally prove its effectiveness in the practice of professional training of students - future teachers.
Methodology: Based on the diagnostic tools for B. Bloom's taxonomy in the author's modification, the levels of formation for each competency (n=19) identified for research work in the aspect of advanced (excellent), basic (good) and threshold (satisfactory) indicators were determined. Monitoring was carried out according to activity and reflective indicator. The study participants were students studying at the bachelor's degree in the direction of “Education and pedagogical sciences” (n=87). The authors used the SPSS20 program to analyze the student's t-test.
Main Findings: The pedagogical experiment showed the reliability of a larger number of students of the experimental group, compared with the control group, in terms of the high - advanced level of formation of their average competencies (p<0.01). The implementation of the modular approach with the highest significance (p<0.01) had an impact on students' ability to analyze the main stages and patterns of historical development for the formation of patriotism and civic position. Using the author’s curriculum, the ability to solve the problems of upbringing and spiritual and moral development of students in educational and extracurricular activities significantly increased (p<0.01) among students.
Applications of this study: The results of the experiment will be of interest to a wide circle of students and specialists in the field of pedagogical science.
Novelty of this study: The practical implementation of the author’s curriculum on the basis of a modular approach to the formation of competencies at the levels of “knowledge - skill - skill - action” in the system “basic academic disciplines - varied subjects - educational practice - state certification” has made it possible to increase the efficiency of the educational process.
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Megha Dipak Rudey, Renu Rathi, and Bharat Rathi. "An Ayurvedic perspective of COVID 19: A Pandemic Situation." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (December 21, 2020): 1627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.4191.
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COVID-19 (Novel coronavirus or corona disease is spreading continuously all over the world. Overloading of ICU and health care system capacity. Along with age factor, community spread, vertical transmission of disease and clinical manifestation is the risk factor for the poor outcomes. The transmission is mainly through respiratory droplets when individual sneezes or coughs and also due to the close contact with an infected individual. Every researcher is in found of preventive measure, and in found of effective treatment for it. As the population is rushing to keep themselves protected from the infection, Ayurveda practitioners are in stress that the kalpas cited in Ayurveda literature will be helpful in strengthening the immunity and to fight against COVID-19. It is an attempt to study the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) it's clinical diagnostic and management in Ayurveda perspective. Various Samhitas, such as Charaka Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Madhava Nidana articles were referred for this study. According to Ayurveda literature, a unique method of impending a fresh identified illness Rather than centring on the bacteriological etiology, Ayurveda encirclements a universal skill for particularising the details of the illness at hand. Till the date, no vaccination is being found for COVID-19 yet, but the concepts given in Vedas have information about diagnostic and management. This attempt is to encourage Ayurveda practitioners and young researcher’s to work on the formulations, which are cited thousands of years ago to breakdown the pathology of disease and work for the development and promotion of Ayurveda.
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Uhler, Kristin, Shannon M. Burns, Molly Dalpes, and Christine Yoshinaga-Itano. "An Auditory Spoken Language Matrix for Differential Diagnosis of Spanish-Speaking Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 18, no. 3 (October 2011): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds18.3.71.
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A sample of children from Spanish-speaking homes who are hard-of-hearing demonstrated less than optimal outcomes following cochlear implantation. The authors developed a unique diagnostic protocol to identify potential causes. Inclusion criteria included hearing loss identified by 3 months of age, amplification, a Spanish-speaking home, and enrollment in the statewide early intervention system by 6-months of age. The authors collected extensive demographic data from participants, and the participants completed the same language assessments in 6-month time intervals, examining receptive and expressive language as well as parent-child interaction. Additional assessments included cortical auditory-evoked potentials (i.e., P1), infant speech perception, auditory skill questionnaires, and audio recordings taken over a 12–16 hour period in the child's natural language environment. This auditory spoken language matrix allowed identification of good auditory performers who performed poorly on expressive language measures and poor auditory performers with poor expressive and receptive language outcomes. The comprehensive nature of the assessment allowed examination of spoken language input and helped determine if poor language outcomes were associated with a lack of spoken language input (Hart & Risely, 1995). This matrix allowed the authors to rule out audibility, discrimination, auditory development, and quality of exposure to auditory spoken language as causes of delayed development. The article discusses additional benefits of using this protocol.
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Bonavita, Massimo, Mats Hamrud, and Lars Isaksen. "EnKF and Hybrid Gain Ensemble Data Assimilation. Part II: EnKF and Hybrid Gain Results." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 12 (November 30, 2015): 4865–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0071.1.
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Abstract The desire to do detailed comparisons between variational and more scalable ensemble-based data assimilation systems in a semioperational environment has led to the development of a state-of-the-art EnKF system at ECMWF, which has been described in Part I of this two-part study. In this part the performance of the EnKF system is evaluated compared to a 4DVar of similar resolution. It is found that there is not a major difference between the forecast skill of the two systems. However, similarly to the operational hybrid 4DVar–EDA, a hybrid EnKF–variational system [which we refer to as the hybrid gain ensemble data assimilation (HG-EnDA)] is capable of significantly outperforming both component systems. The HG-EnDA has been implemented with relatively little effort following Penny’s recent study. Results of numerical experimentation comparing the HG-EnDA with the hybrid 4DVar–EDA used operationally at ECMWF are presented, together with diagnostic results, which help characterize the behavior of the proposed ensemble data assimilation system. A discussion of these results in the context of hybrid data assimilation in global NWP is also provided.
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Grobecker, Betsey, and Richard De Lisi. "An Investigation of Spatial-Geometrical Understanding in Students with Learning Disabilities." Learning Disability Quarterly 23, no. 1 (February 2000): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511096.
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Five- to 13-year-old children of average intelligence who had been identified as having learning disabilities (LD, n = 85) and not identified as having learning disabilities (NLD, n = 94) were individually tested for their ability to mentally anticipate and execute pegboard transformations of square and diamond figures, complete free-hand drawings of these figures, and draw figures on the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration. For students with LD and NLD alike: (a) age-related improvements in transformational strategies and in drawing were evident; (b) diamond figures were easier than square figures to transform but more difficult to draw; and (c) significant intra- and intertask correlations were obtained on pegboard and free-hand drawing tasks. These findings are consistent with predictions derived from Piagetian theory and suggest that a general spatial-cognitive mechanism determined performance on the tasks administered. On most tasks, students with LD did not perform as well as same-aged students with NLD even though the effects of IQ were reduced via matching and statistically controlled. The LD-NLD group differences are interpreted as reflecting delayed development in this general spatial-cognitive mechanism in students with LD rather than a specific skill deficit in visual-perceptual processing. Diagnostic and remedial implications of the findings and interpretation are discussed.
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Pian, Linping, Lawrence M. Gillman, Paul B. McBeth, Zhengwen Xiao, Chad G. Ball, Michael Blaivas, Douglas R. Hamilton, and Andrew W. Kirkpatrick. "Potential Use of Remote Telesonography as a Transformational Technology in Underresourced and/or Remote Settings." Emergency Medicine International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/986160.
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Mortality and morbidity from traumatic injury are twofold higher in rural compared to urban areas. Furthermore, the greater the distance a patient resides from an organized trauma system, the greater the likelihood of an adverse outcome. Delay in timely diagnosis and treatment contributes to this penalty, regardless of whether the inherent barriers are geographic, cultural, or socioeconomic. Since ultrasound is noninvasive, cost-effective, and portable, it is becoming increasingly useful for remote/underresourced (R/UR) settings to avoid lengthy patient travel to relatively inaccessible medical centers. Ultrasonography is a user-dependent, technical skill, and many, if not most, front-line care providers will not have this advanced training. This is particularly true if care is being provided by out-of-hospital, “nontraditional” providers. The human exploration of space has forced the utilization of information technology (IT) to allow remote experts to guide distant untrained care providers in point-of-care ultrasound to diagnose and manage both acute and chronic illness or injuries. This paradigm potentially brings advanced diagnostic imaging to any medical interaction in a setting with internet connectivity. This paper summarizes the current literature surrounding the development of teleultrasound as a transformational technology and its application to underresourced settings.
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Ahmadpour, Hamed, Ommolbanin Bazrafshan, Elham Rafiei-Sardooi, Hossein Zamani, and Thomas Panagopoulos. "Gully Erosion Susceptibility Assessment in the Kondoran Watershed Using Machine Learning Algorithms and the Boruta Feature Selection." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 10110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810110.
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Gully erosion susceptibility mapping is an essential land management tool to reduce soil erosion damages. This study investigates gully susceptibility based on multiple diagnostic analysis, support vector machine and random forest algorithms, and also a combination of these models, namely the ensemble model. Thus, a gully susceptibility map in the Kondoran watershed of Iran was generated by applying these models on the occurrence and non-occurrence points (as the target variable) and several predictors (slope, aspect, elevation, topographic wetness index, drainage density, plan curvature, distance to streams, lithology, soil texture and land use). The Boruta algorithm was used to select the most effective variables in modeling gully erosion susceptibility. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the receiver operating characteristics, and true skill statistics (TSS) were used to assess the model performance. The results indicated that the ensemble model had the best performance (AUC = 0.982, TSS = 0.93) compared to the others. The most effective factors in gully erosion susceptibility mapping of the study region were topological, anthropogenic, and geological. The methodology and variables of this study can be used in other regions to control and mitigate the gully erosion phenomenon by applying biophilic and regenerative techniques at the locations of the most influential factors.
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Patrawalla, Paru, Mangala Narasimhan, Lewis Eisen, Ariel L. Shiloh, Seth Koenig, and Paul Mayo. "A Regional, Cost-Effective, Collaborative Model for Critical Care Fellows’ Ultrasonography Education." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 12 (February 12, 2019): 1447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066619828951.
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Objective: Training in critical care ultrasonography is an essential tool in critical care medicine and recommended for fellowship programs in pulmonary and critical care medicine. Major barriers to implementing competency-based training in individual fellowship programs include a lack of expert faculty, time, and funding. Our objective was to investigate whether regional collaboration to deliver an introductory critical care ultrasonography course for fellows might overcome these barriers while achieving international training standards. Methods: This was a retrospective review of course evaluation and learner assessment data from a 3-day ultrasonography course between 2012 and 2017. All critical care fellows (n = 545) attending the course completed pre- and postcourse surveys and postcourse knowledge and technical skills tests. Evaluation of educational outcomes was performed based on the Kirkpatrick model. Results: Fellows reported minimal prior formal training in ultrasonography, and ultrasound-guided vascular access was the most common area of prior training. The course was a blended model of didactic lectures coordinated with real-time demonstration scanning using live models, hands-on training on human models and task trainers, and interpretation of ultrasonography images with a wide range of pathology. Course content included basic echocardiography and general critical care ultrasonography (lung, pleural, vascular diagnostic, vascular access, and abdominal ultrasonography). At the conclusion of the course, fellows demonstrated high levels of knowledge and skill competence on a previously validated assessment tool and significantly improved confidence in all content areas. Barriers to training at individual programs were overcome through faculty cooperation, faculty development, and cost sharing. Success of this model is supported by the sustained growth of this course. Conclusions: A regional collaborative model for training fellows in ultrasonography is a feasible, efficient, and flexible model for delivering curricula, where expertise at individual programs is not routinely available.
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Jiang, Wei, Kai Zhao, and Xinlong Jin. "Diagnosis Model of Volleyball Skills and Tactics Based on Artificial Neural Network." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (August 20, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7908897.
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With the development of China’s sports industry, the technical and tactical level of the team is required to be higher and higher. This study mainly discusses the diagnostic model of volleyball technique and tactics based on artificial neural network. With the help of the correlation function in Matlab neural network toolbox, in the training process of volleyball technical and tactical evaluation neural network, the sample data of volleyball technical evaluation index is repeatedly simulated and studied, and finally the network parameters with the minimum error and the highest accuracy are saved as the network model for subsequent verification and evaluation. The middle layer is the hidden layer, which makes the network approach the result of volleyball experts’ evaluation of the technology by adjusting the weights of neurons. The last layer is the output layer, which outputs the actual evaluation results of volleyball experts on the technology. Through repeated training and comparison of input samples, the maximum number of training times of BP network for volleyball technical and tactical evaluation is determined to be 32. Some common experience of estimating hidden node number is provided by trial-and-error method. On this basis, the number of hidden nodes to minimize the network error is finally determined to be 4 through repeated training and comparison. In the process of network diagnosis, the average difference between the evaluation score of network output and the score of actual experts is less than 1%, which reaches a very high precision. It shows that the volleyball skill evaluation model based on BP neural network is feasible in technology and the result is relatively reliable.
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Patel, Suprava, Ritu Priya, Phalguni Padhi, Tripty Naik, Jessy Abraham, Rachita Nanda, Eli Mohapatra, and Sarita Agrawal. "Prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism and G6PD Deficiency in Newborns in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India." Journal of Neonatology 35, no. 1 (March 2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973217920987713.
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Objectives: The fundamental prerequisite of a screening program is the accessible epidemiological data regarding disease burden and awareness regarding the disorder. This is the foremost study in this state to estimate the burden of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme deficiency in infants born or attending a tertiary care hospital, pursuing skill development for the technical staffs, and creating awareness for parents. Study Design: A cross-sectional study for 21 months was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Methods: The screening was conducted on 1282 babies, 48 hours subsequent to birth and up to 8 weeks of age. The dried blood spot specimens collected were analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and G6PD enzyme activity by fluoroimmunoassay method. Prevalence was calculated by percentage. Results: The proficiency of the program for all live birth babies delivered in the institute was 94.6%. In consequence to improper sampling, 4.1% samples could not be analyzed. The screening tests reported elevated TSH levels in 1.6% of total population and G6PD enzyme deficiency in 2.6% of all babies enrolled. Confirmatory tests revealed that 4 (3.1/1000) babies were declared positive for CH and 8 (6.2/1000) were announced to be G6PD deficient. Conclusion: The new prevalence observed is one of the highest prevalence of CH published in India that urges mandatory and immediate need for development of newborn screening program in the state, and improvisation and upgradation of regional diagnostic center with facilities for primary- and secondary-level testing.
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Jackson, Annabel. "Evaluation of public policy advocacy: challenges, principles and BEST-AC case study." International Journal of Public Sector Management 27, no. 4 (May 6, 2014): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-06-2011-0079.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that both the processes and outcomes of advocacy can be evaluated in ways that can help with learning and accountability. The paper reviews the literature on evaluating advocacy, with a particular focus on development work, and describes an example of the systematic evaluation of the Business Environment Strengthening in Tanzania-Advocacy Component business advocacy programme in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach – The evaluation uses a Scientific Realist methodology to give a disaggregated, contextual analysis of advocacy, asking the typically Scientific Realist question: “What works for whom in what circumstances?” Complementary methods are being applied longitudinally over a five-year period and include stakeholder interviews, business surveys, diagnostic tools and learning seminars. Findings – The paper argues that advocacy evaluation is no more complex or difficult than other aspects of development. Rigorous, cost-effective methods can be developed, so long as clear conceptualisation is carried out as an initial step. Systematic analysis of influencing tactics and capacity building demonstrates the relative skill of the advocacy organisations and allows the funder to see intermediate indicators of progress which are otherwise invisible. Practical implications – Consistent conceptualisation and measurement allow comparison over time, and between different types of projects and organisations. Integrating methods with the operation of campaigns or programmes allows the evaluator to give feedback in real time and minimise the burden on evaluands. Originality/value – The paper is based on original research/evaluation. The field is heavily concentrated on social change. The paper makes a contribution by providing an example of advocacy evaluation in the field of business advocacy and economic development. In addition, the example extends the field of advocacy evaluation by considering the systematic evaluation of a whole programme of individual advocacy projects.