Academic literature on the topic 'Diagnostic Proportions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diagnostic Proportions"
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Dukarm, James, Zachary Draper, and Tomasz Piotrowski. "Diagnostic Simplexes for Dissolved-Gas Analysis." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 6459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236459.
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A Duval triangle is a diagram used for fault type identification in dissolved-gas analysis of oil-filled high-voltage transformers and other electrical apparatus. The proportional concentrations of three fault gases (such as methane, ethylene, and acetylene) are used as coordinates to plot a point in an equilateral triangle and identify the fault zone in which it is located. Each point in the triangle corresponds to a unique combination of gas proportions. Diagnostic pentagons published by Duval and others seek to emulate the triangles while incorporating five fault gases instead of three. Unfortunately the mapping of five gas proportions to a point inside a two-dimensional pentagon is many-to-one; consequently, dissimilar combinations of gas proportions are mapped to the same point in the pentagon, resulting in mis-diagnosis. One solution is to replace the pentagon with a four-dimensional simplex, a direct generalization of the Duval triangle. In a comparison using cases confirmed by inspection, the simplex outperformed three ratio methods, Duval triangle 1, and two pentagons.
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Berry, C. C. "A tutorial on confidence intervals for proportions in diagnostic radiology." American Journal of Roentgenology 154, no. 3 (March 1990): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.154.3.2106207.
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Ross, Marshall, Sasha Selby, Naveen Poonai, Helena Liu, Shabnam Minoosepehr, Graham Boag, Robin Eccles, and Graham Thompson. "The Effect of a Full Bladder on Proportions of Diagnostic Ultrasound Studies in Children with Suspected Appendicitis." CJEM 18, no. 6 (April 4, 2016): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.23.
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AbstractObjectivesWe examined the effect of a full bladder on proportions of diagnostic ultrasound (US) studies in children with suspected appendicitis. We also examined the effect of a full bladder on proportions of fully visualized ovaries on US in children with suspected appendicitis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective health record review of children aged 2-17 years presenting to a tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED) with suspected appendicitis who had an ultrasound performed. We compared proportions of diagnostic US studies in children with full and sub-optimally filled bladders. We also compared proportions of ovarian visualization in females with full and sub-optimally filled bladders.Results678 children were included in our final analysis. The proportion of diagnostic US studies did not vary significantly between groups with a full (132/283, 47%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 38%-56%) or sub-optimally filled bladder (205/395, 52%, 95% CI 47%-57%)(p=0.17). Rates of ovarian visualization were higher in females with a full bladder (196/205, 96%, 95% CI 93%-99%) compared to those with a sub-optimally filled bladder (180/223, 81%, 95% CI 76%-86%) (p<0.01).ConclusionsAdministrators and clinical decision makers should consider removing routine bladder filling practice from current pediatric appendicitis protocols in males and in pre-pubertal females where ovarian pathology is not suspected. Selective bladder filling prior to US should be performed in females when ovarian pathology is suspected.
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Ju, X., D. N. Teusner, A. J. Spencer, and D. S. Brennan. "Longitudinal Changes in Proportions of Dental Services Provided by Australian Dentists, 1983 to 2010." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2016): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416681479.
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The objective of the study was to estimate the longitudinal change over a 26-y period in the proportion of dental services provided in 10 main service provision areas by Australian dentists. A random sample of Australian dentists was surveyed approximately every 5 y, commencing 1983 to 1984. The mean proportion of dental services provided was calculated from practitioner activity logs. Mixed effects regression models estimated the longitudinal change in the proportion of services provided, by dentists’ age and birth-year cohort. Response rates across data collection waves ranged from 67% to 76%. Between 1983 to 1984 and 2009 to 2010, the mean proportion of diagnostic, preventive, and crown/bridge services provided tended to increase, and the mean proportion of restorative, oral surgery, and prosthodontic services tended to decrease. Mean proportions of endodontic and orthodontic services fluctuated. Relative to the youngest cohort (born after 1984), across cohorts of older to younger dentists, the proportions of diagnostic and preventive services increased, and restorative and prosthodontic decreased. Older cohorts provided the lowest proportions of diagnostic and preventive services (oldest cohort born before 1918: β = −32.1 ± 4.8; cohort born 1934 to 1938: β = −11.6 ± 3.2, respectively). Older cohorts provided the highest proportions of restorative and prosthodontic services (born before 1918: β = 27.3 ± 5.6; born 1919 to 1923: β = 10.5 ± 2.4, respectively). Some service area trends varied across birth-year cohorts. Endodontic service provision was declining for younger cohorts but increasing for older cohorts. Preventive service provision was increasing for younger cohorts but declining for older cohorts. This study identified trends not evident in previous time-series analysis. First, provision of restorative and oral surgery services, as a proportion of all services provided, was declining. Second, there were competing intercohort trends. These may indicate that new norms in dental education are influencing clinical decision making and that new trends in dental service provision may emerge as older dentists retire. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study identified several trends in dental service provision and indicated that not all trends were consistent across all birth-year cohorts. Findings inform dental health care policy and priorities for dental education. In addition, the identified trends have implications for the future composition of the oral health workforce.
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Busse, R., and C. Schwenke. "Analysis of Differences in Proportions from Clustered Data with Multiple Measurements in Diagnostic Studies." Methods of Information in Medicine 46, no. 05 (2007): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/me0433.
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Summary Objectives: In diagnostic studies, proportions such as sensitivities are often to be calculated and to be compared between different diagnostic procedures. As statistical unit of analysis, multiple observational units may be assessed within each patient, i.e., multiple lesions in an organ. As a requirement, these are to be assessed by multiple blinded readers. In this paper we propose a method to cover correlations between units within patients, correlations between procedures and correlations between different raters assessing each observational unit. Methods: The proposed approach is a two-step method to analyze clustered data with multiple measurements to compare diagnostic procedures in a paired modality design and the correlation between the readers in a paired reader design. The performance of the approach was compared to a generalized estimation equations model (GEEs) by power simulations. Results: Power simulations suggest, that the two-step approach is not inferior to GEEs with regard to the single readers as well as with regard to the average reader. Conclusions: An intuitive approach was developed next to established methods to analyze “paired modality, paired reader” and “unpaired modality, paired reader” studies with binary endpoints when estimating proportions and differences in proportions for clustered data with multiple measurements. This two-step approach is an alternative method to cover routine designs of diagnostic studies where the difference of proportions is to be estimated directly along with confidence intervals.
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Mandelli, Laura, Angelo Arminio, Anna-Rita Atti, and Diana De Ronchi. "Suicide attempts in eating disorder subtypes: a meta-analysis of the literature employing DSM-IV, DSM-5, or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 08 (November 29, 2018): 1237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718003549.
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AbstractBackgroundQuantification of suicidal risk in specific populations is important for the adoption of targeted prevention and harm reduction measures. Though there remains little systematic evidence, risk of suicide attempts for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-purging anorexia nervosa (AN-bp) appears higher than restrictive AN (AN-r); risk in binge eating disorder (BED) is still unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare proportions of suicide attempts in eating disorder (ED) subgroups.MethodsA literature search using combinations of key-words for ED and suicide attempts was performed. Studies reporting proportions of suicide attempters in at least two ED groups, diagnosed according to DSM-IV or -5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria were considered. ED subgroups were analyzed in pairs using a binary random effect model for proportions. Publication bias, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsIn BN, attempted suicide was more frequent (21%) than in AN (12.5%), but the difference was statistically significant only when BN was compared with AN-r (9–10%). In BED, the proportion of suicide attempts was as high as in AN (10–12%).ConclusionsThough limited by heterogeneity across the studies in terms of methodology and aims, inability to control for relevant confounding variables, exclusion of ED not otherwise specified, this study supports suicide attempts as a major issue in EDs, especially in binge-purging subtypes, i.e. BN and AN-bp. Similar suicidal proportions were observed in AN and BED. The reasons for a greater proportion of attempted suicide in binge/purging subtypes need to be explored in future studies.
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Burke, Rachael M., Saulos Nyirenda, Hussein H. Twabi, Marriott Nliwasa, Elizabeth Joekes, Naomi Walker, Rose Nyirenda, et al. "Design and protocol for a cluster randomised trial of enhanced diagnostics for tuberculosis screening among people living with HIV in hospital in Malawi (CASTLE study)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): e0261877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261877.
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Background People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a high risk of death if hospitalised in low-income countries. Tuberculosis has long been the leading cause of admission and death, in part due to suboptimal diagnostics. Two promising new diagnostic tools are digital chest Xray with computer-aided diagnosis (DCXR-CAD) and urine testing with Fujifilm SILVAMP LAM (FujiLAM). Neither test has been rigorously evaluated among inpatients. Test characteristics may be complementary, with FujiLAM especially sensitive for disseminated tuberculosis and DCXR-CAD especially sensitive for pulmonary tuberculosis, making combined interventions of interest. Design and methods An exploratory unblinded, single site, two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial, with day of admission as the unit of randomisation. A third, smaller, integrated cohort arm (4:4:1 random allocation) contributes to understanding case-mix, but not trial outcomes. Participants are adults living with HIV not currently on TB treatment. The intervention (DCXR-CAD plus urine FujiLAM plus usual care) is compared to usual care alone. The primary outcome is proportion of participants started on tuberculosis treatment by day 56, with secondary outcomes of mortality (time to event) measured to to 56 days from enrolment, proportions with undiagnosed tuberculosis at death or hospital discharge and comparing proportions with enrolment-day tuberculosis treatment initiation. Discussion Both DCXR-CAD and FujiLAM have potential clinical utility and may have complementary diagnostic performance. To our knowledge, this is the first randomised trial to evaluate these tests among hospitalised PLHIV.
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Hoa Tran, An, Minh Man Pham Bui, and Thuong Dieu Thi Trinh. "Survey the proportions of TCM symptoms and patterns in stable COPD patients at University Medical Center HCMC." MedPharmRes 6, no. 4 (April 20, 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32895/ump.mpr.6.4.2.
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Introduction: COPD affects the quality of a patient’s life and leads to death. Identifying TCM symptoms and clinical patterns proportions in the community will make diagnosis and treatment more effective. In Vietnam, there were no epidemiological documents about COPD in TCM. Therefore, this study wished to survey stable COPD patients to find out the proportions of symptoms and patterns in TCM to create a basis for further practice. Methods: The survey was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants were stable COPD outpatients at the Clinic and respiratory function test of the University Medical Center HCMC from September to December 2018. According to the survey form based on the TCM diagnostic criteria, the proportions of symptoms and patterns were recorded. Results: After three months, 116 patients were recruited. The proportions of 30 TCM symptoms and signs were recorded. The proportions of patients were as follows: 80.17% met Lung qi deficiency, 76.72% for Lung-kidney qi deficiency, 53.45% for Lung-kidney qi and yin deficiency, 47.41% for Lung-spleen qi deficiency, and 2.59% for not meeting any of the diagnostic criteria. Patterns were overlapping in the same patients. Conclusions: All TCM symptoms and patterns in the diagnostic criteria appeared in COPD patients. The deficiency of the Lung and Kidney was the most common. Most patients were classified into many different patterns with multi organs damage. More multicenter studies with bigger participants numbers are suggested.
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Copeland, J. R. M., B. J. Gurland, M. E. Dewey, M. J. Kelleher, A. M. R. Smith, and I. A. Davidson. "Is There More Dementia, Depression and Neurosis in New York?" British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 4 (October 1987): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.4.466.
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A computerised diagnosis, AGECAT, is applied to data from random community samples of the elderly in New York and London in order to examine the prevalence of mental illness in the two cities, especially the result reported from the same study, using a different diagnostic procedure, that the proportion of dementia was higher in New York. The greater proportion of dementia in New York is confirmed for all AGECAT's levels of diagnostic confidence, for both sexes and at all half-decades over 65 years. Provided that this difference is upheld and genetic differences can be discounted, these findings would seem to support a contributory environmental cause for dementia. Proportions of depression as a whole are similar in both cities. Syndrome case and sub-case levels of neurotic disorder are generally higher in London.
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Kononov, Jake, Jim Williams, and Catherine Durso. "A Closer Look at Highway Safety Diagnostics and Crash Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120913298.
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Diagnostic methods in the context of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) aim to identify abnormalities or patterns in crash occurrence which may provide an important clue to an effective remedy. These methods are used to assess the nature of the safety problem and on its basis select a countermeasure for which there is a known crash modification factor. Two approaches are presently used to perform diagnostic examinations: the test of proportions and crash type-specific safety performance functions (SPFs). The test of proportions uses empirical proportions (diagnostic norms) of crash types and crash attributes within congestion strata, the total number of crashes, and the number of observed crashes of a specific type to compute the cumulative probability of the observed outcome. Crash type-specific SPFs are used to identify sites at which the observed frequency or severity of specific crash types is higher than expected. This paper examines the strengths of both methods by applying them to the same datasets and comparing the results. The findings suggest that the test of proportions works well in identifying locations with a single disproportionally frequent crash type. Crash type-specific SPFs can identify locations having multiple crash types with an elevated frequency, but will not identify locations having crash patterns susceptible to correction but not having elevated counts. Findings also suggest that the degree of stratification in diagnostic norms influences the number of overlapping sites detected by both methods.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diagnostic Proportions"
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Kim, Hyun Seok (John). "Diagnosing examinees' attributes-mastery using the Bayesian inference for binomial proportion: a new method for cognitive diagnostic assessment." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41144.
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Purpose of this study was to propose a simple and effective method for cognitive diagnosis assessment (CDA) without heavy computational demand using Bayesian inference for binomial proportion (BIBP). In real data studies, BIBP was applied to a test data using two different item designs: four and ten attributes. Also, the BIBP method was compared with DINA and LCDM in the diagnosis result using the same four-attribute data set. There were slight differences in the attribute mastery probability estimate among the three model (DINA, LCDM, BIBP), which could result in different attribute mastery pattern. In Simulation studies, it was found that the general accuracy of the BIBP method in the true parameter estimation was relatively high. The DINA estimation showed slightly higher overall correct classification rate but the bigger overall biases and estimation errors than the BIBP estimation. The three simulation variables (Attribute Correlation, Attribute Difficulty, and Sample Size) showed impacts on the parameter estimations of both models. However, they affected differently the two models: Harder attributes showed the higher accuracy of attribute mastery classification in the BIBP estimation while easier attributes was associated with the higher accuracy of the DINA estimation. In conclusion, BIBP appears an effective method for CDA with the advantage of easy and fast computation and a relatively high accuracy of parameter estimation.
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Zerbinatti, Luiz Fernando Molinari. "Predição de fator de simultaneidade através de modelos de regressão para proporções contínuas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-05042008-103844/.
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O fator de simultaneidade é fundamental no planejamento de redes de distribuição de gás natural. Trata-se de um multiplicador entre 0 e 1 que ajusta o consumo total teórico de um número de aparelhos de utilização em condições reais. Em 2005 o Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT) e a Companhia de Gás de São Paulo (COMGÁS) realizaram um estudo no qual determinou-se o fator de simultaneidade em um conjunto de edificações residenciais. Um modelo de regressão foi proposto para expressar o fator de simultaneidade em termos da potência total instalada. O modelo ajustado pode ser utilizado para predizer o fator de simultaneidade em novas edificações. O modelo em questão é um modelo de regressão linear normal no qual a variável resposta é o logaritmo do fator de simultaneidade. Nesta dissertação, o objetivo é investigar outras possibilidades de modelos de regressão adequados aos dados obtidos pelo IPT e pela COMGÁS. Especial atenção é dada ao modelo de regressão beta proposto por Ferrari e Cribari-Neto (Journal of Applied Statistics, 2004) por possuir vantagens sobre o modelo de regressão linear normal. O modelo de regressão beta assume que, dadas as covariáveis, a variável resposta possui distribuição beta, sendo adequado para modelar dados observados no intervalo unitário. Desta forma, a transformação na variável resposta - o fator de simultaneidade - é desnecessária. Além disso, é proposta uma nova abordagem para a predição do fator de simultaneidade, diferente de todas as abordagens pesquisadas na literatura, utilizando a técnica de bootstrap.The simultaneity factor is fundamental in planning gas distribution networks. It is a multiplicator between 0 and 1 that adjusts the theoretical total consumption of a number of devices to realistic conditions. In 2005, the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT) and the Companhia de Gás de São Paulo (COMGÁS) performed a study in which the simultaneity factor of gas consumption in a set of residential buildings have been determined. A regression model was proposed to express the simultaneity factor in terms of the total power of installed equipment. The fitted model can be used to predict the simultaneity factor in new buildings. The model they proposed is a normal linear regression model in which the response variable is the logarithm of the simultaneity factor. In the present dissertation, our aim is to investigate other possible regression models suitable to the data obtained by IPT and CONGÁS. Emphasis is given to the beta regression model proposed by Ferrari and Cribari-Neto (Journal of Applied Statistics, 2004) which has a number of advantages over normal linear regression models. The beta regression model assumes that, given the covariates, the response variable has a beta distribution, which is adequate to model data observed in the unit interval. Therefore, no transformation in the response variable, the simultaneity factor, is needed. Additionally, we present a new approach for the prediction of the simultaneity factor, that is different from all the approaches shown in the literature, using the bootstrap technique.
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Groll, Emily D. "Comparison of anthropometric and DXA measurements of regional body fat." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1398712.
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Purpose: The primary purpose of this research study was to assess the degree of agreement between simple anthropometric measurements (i.e. body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) and the measures of regional adiposity, with a primary focus on the androidlgynoid ratio, assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This secondary purpose of the study was to identify any significant correlations between the measures of regional adiposity, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Forty-eight subjects, 19 males (48.7 ± 16.9 years) and 29 females (43.6 ± 16.2 years), volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects underwent laboratory testing compromised of resting blood pressure, blood lipid analysis, waist & hip circumference, total body DXA scan, and a one week physical activity assessment. Results: Significant correlations were observed between body mass index and region body fat % (r = 0.84, 0.79), waist circumference and android fat % (r = 0.79, 0.75), and waist-to-hip ratio and androidlgynoid ratio (r = 0.72, 0.61) for men and women, respectively. Fasting insulin was correlated with region body fat %, android body fat %, trunk body fat %, and the android/gynoid ratio. The android/gynoid ratio was correlated with high density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. There was a statistically significant negative relationship observed between average steps per day and body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, region body fat %, android body fat %, and trunk body fat %. Conclusions: This study found that there are strong relationships between simple anthropometric measures and regional body fat measures from the DXA. According to the data in the present study, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio provide simple yet sensitive methods for the estimation of regional body fat in Caucasian males and females. In addition, this study found significant correlations between measures of the blood lipid profile, physical activity, and both simple anthropometric and DXA measures of regional body fat. Key words: android fat, body mass index, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, gynoid fat, obesity, waist circumference.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Charoensawat, Supada. "A likelihood approach based upon the proportional hazards model for SROC modelling in meta-analysis of diagnostic studies." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627926.
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The number of meta-analysis of diagnostic studies is increasing and the models which deal with the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) have become quite popular. Many of these models have reached considerable statistical complexity, required expertise and knowledge. Here" a model named the proportional hazard model (PHM) is developed. The PHM model has a simple form and is easy to interpret. There is only one parameter of interest 0, which is called the diagnostic accuracy and has the interpretation that the smaller 0 is, the higher the diagnostic accuracy.
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Carstens, Wiehahn Alwyn. "Regression analysis of caterpillar 793D haul truck engine failure data and through-life diagnostic information using the proportional hazards model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20333.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Physical Asset Management (PAM) is becoming a greater concern for companies in industry today. The widely accepted British Standards Institutes’ specification for optimized management of physical assets and infrastructure is PAS55. According to PAS55, PAM is the “systematic and co-ordinated activities and practices through which an organization optimally manages its physical assets, and their associated performance, risks and expenditures over their life cycle for the purpose of achieving its organizational strategic plan”. One key performance area of PAM is Asset Care Plans (ACP). These plans are maintenance strategies which improve or ensure acceptable asset reliability and performance during its useful life. Maintenance strategies such as Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) acts upon Condition Monitoring (CM) data, disregarding the previous failure histories of an asset. Other maintenance strategies, such as Usage Based Maintenance (UBM), is based on previous failure histories, and does not consider CM data. Regression models make use of both CM data and previous failure histories to develop a model which represents the underlying failure behaviour of the asset under study. These models can be of high value in ACP development due to the fact that Residual Useful Life (RUL) can be estimated and/or the long term life cycle cost can be optimized. The objective of this thesis was to model historical failure data and CM data well enough so that RUL or optimized preventive maintenance instant estimations can be made. These estimates were used in decision models to develop maintenance schedules, i.e. ACPs. Several regression models were evaluated to determine the most suitable model to achieve the objectives of this thesis. The model found to be most suitable for this research project was the Proportional Hazards Model (PHM). A comprehensive investigation on the PHM was undertaken focussing on the mathematics and the practical implementation thereof. Data obtained from the South African mining industry was modelled with the Weibull PHM. It was found that the developed model produced estimates which were accurate representations of reality. These findings provide an exciting basis for the development of futureWeibull PHMs that could result in huge maintenance cost savings and reduced failure occurrences.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Fisiese Bate Bestuur (FBB) is besig om ’n groter bekommernis vir maatskappye in die bedryf te word. Die Britse Standaarde Instituut se spesifikasie vir optimale bestuur van fisiese bates en infrastruktuur is PAS55. Volgens PAS55 is FBB die “sistematiese en gekoördineerde aktiwiteite en praktyke wat deur ’n organisasie optimaal sy fisiese bates, hul verwante prestasie, risiko’s en uitgawes vir die doel van die bereiking van sy organisatoriese strategiese plan beheer oor hul volle lewensiklus te bestuur”. Een Sleutel Fokus Area (SFA) van FBB is Bate Versorgings Plan (BVP) ontwikkeling. Hierdie is onderhouds strategieë wat bate betroubaarheid verbeter of verseker tydens die volle bruikbare lewe van die bate. Een onderhoud strategie is Toestands Gebasseeerde Onderhoud (TGO) wat besluite baseer op Toestand Monitering (TM) informasie maar neem nie die vorige falingsgeskiedenis van die bate in ag nie. Ander onderhoud strategieë soos Gebruik Gebasseerde Onderhoud (GGO) is gebaseer op historiese falingsdata maar neem nie TM inligting in ag nie. Regressiemodelle neem beide TM data en historiese falings geskiedenis data in ag ten einde die onderliggende falings gedrag van die gegewe bate te verteenwoordig. Hierdie modelle kan baie nuttig wees vir BVP ontwikkeling te danke aan die feit dat Bruikbare Oorblywende Lewe (BOL) geskat kan word en/of die langtermyn lewenssilus koste geoptimeer kan word. Die doelwit van hierdie tesis was om historiese falingsdata en TT data goed genoeg te modelleer sodat BOL of optimale langtermyn lewensiklus kostes bepaal kan word om opgeneem te word in BVP ontwikkeling. Hierdie bepalings word dan gebruik in besluitnemings modelle wat gebruik kan word om onderhoud skedules op te stel, d.w.s. om ’n BVP te ontwikkel. Verskeie regressiemodelle was geëvalueer om die regte model te vind waarmee die doel van hierdie tesis te bereik kan word. Die mees geskikte model vir die navorsingsprojek was die Proporsionele Gevaarkoers Model (PGM). ’n Omvattende ondersoek oor die PGM is onderneem wat fokus op die wiskunde en die praktiese implementering daarvan. Data is van die Suid-Afrikaanse mynbedryf verkry en is gemodelleer met behulp van die Weibull PGM. Dit was bevind dat die ontwikkelde model resultate geproduseer het wat ’n akkurate verteenwoordinging van realiteit is. Hierdie bevindinge bied ’n opwindende basis vir die ontwikkeling van toekomstige Weibull Proporsionele Gevaarkoers Modelle wat kan lei tot groot onderhoudskoste besparings en minder onverwagte falings.
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MacKenzie, James. "The Proportion of Adolescents Complaining of Anterior Knee Pain with Osteochondritis Dissecans and the Utility of Screening Radiographs in its Diagnosis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604313.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Osteochondritis dissecans is a rare condition which can cause disabling knee pain in adolescents. Treatment and prognosis hinges upon the stage of the lesion and early detection is paramount 1‐3. Until recently, epidemiologic information regarding OCD in adolescents was unavailable. However in 2013 Kessler et al. demonstrated an incidence of 9.5/100,000 in the general adolescent population 4. Chief complains from patients with OCD usually localize pain to the knee joint line, but less commonly, patients may complain of anterior knee pain. This retrospective chart review looked at the amount of OCD diagnoses in adolescents specifically complaining of anterior knee pain without causative trauma in the years 2009 and 2010 at a major children’s hospital. It was noted that 7.5% of children with this presentation had a diagnosis of OCD. This number was over three orders of magnitude higher than the incidence seen in the general adolescent population as established by Kessler and may support the use of screening radiographs in this subset of patients to detect OCD in its early stages.
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Zein, Eddine Abbass. "Algorithmes de détection et diagnostic des défauts pour les convertisseurs statiques de puissance." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH28/document.
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Les convertisseurs DC-DC suscitent un intérêt considérable en raison de leur puissance élevée et de leurs bonnes performances. Ils sont particulièrement utiles dans les systèmes multisources de production d'énergie électrique. Toutefois, en raison du grand nombre de composants sensibles utilisés dans ces circuits et comprenant des semi-conducteurs de puissance, des bobines et des condensateurs, une probabilité non négligeable de défaillance des composants doit être prise en compte. Cette thèse considère l'un des convertisseurs DC-DC les plus prometteurs - le convertisseur ZVS à pont isolé de type Buck. Une approche en deux étapes est présentée pour détecter et isoler les défauts en circuit ouvert dans les semi-conducteurs de puissance des convertisseurs DC-DC. La première étape concerne la détection et la localisation des défauts dans un convertisseur donne. La seconde étape concerne sur les systèmes munis de plusieurs convertisseurs DC-DC. Les méthodes proposées sont basées sur les réseaux Bayesiens (BBN). Les signaux utilisés dans ces méthodes sont ceux des entrées de mesure du système de commande et aucune mesure supplémentaire n'est requise. Un convertisseur expérimental ZVS à pont isolé de type Buck a été conçu et construit pour valider la détection et la localisation des défauts Sur un seul convertisseur. Ces méthodes peuvent être étendues à d'autres types de convertisseurs DC-DCDC-DC converters have received significant interest recently as a result of their high power capabilities and good power quality. They are of particular interest in systems with multiple sources of energy. However due to the large number of sensitive components including power semiconductor devices, coils, and capacitors used in such circuits there is a high likelihood of component failure. This thesis considers one of the most promising DC-DC converters—the ZVS full bridge isolated Buck converter. An approach with two stages is presented to detect and isolate opencircuit faults in the power semiconductor devices in systems with DC-DC converters. The first stage is the fault detection and isolation for a single DC-DC converter, while the second stage works on a system with multiple DC-DC converters. The proposed methods are based on Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). The signals used in the proposed methods are already available as measurement inputs to control system and no additional measurements are required. An experimental ZVS full bridge isolated Buck converter has been designed and built to validate the fault detection and isolation method on a single converter. The methods can be used with other DC-DC converter typologies employing similar analysis and principals
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MAIA, ANA F. "Padronização de feixes e metodologia dosimétrica em tomografia computadorizada." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11291.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:01/06837-2
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Lino, Alael Barreiro Fernandes de Paiva. "Contribuição ao estudo das características morfológicas da maxila e incisivos centrais superiores em indivíduos com oclusão normal com vistas ao diagnóstico e planejamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23133/tde-10072008-153347/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características morfológicas da maxila e dos incisivos centrais superiores em relação às dimensões e posicionamento de ambos e verificar as inter-relações entre as variáveis obtidas. A amostra foi constituída de 32 telerradiografias em norma frontal, 32 em norma lateral e 32 modelos ortodônticos em gesso de 32 indivíduos leucodermas, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 12 anos completos a 17 anos e 1 mês, na dentição permanente, portadores de oclusão dentária normal, residentes na cidade de São Paulo, sem tratamento ortodôntico e todos filhos de brasileiros. Toda amostra foi escaneada e digitalizada, e os dados gerados foram em seguida exportados para programas de análises computadorizados nos quais foram definidas grandezas lineares e angulares diretamente sobre a amostra digitalizada. Os valores obtidos foram repetidos, pelo mesmo operador, com um intervalo mínimo de 15 dias entre as medidas com o objetivo de avaliar o erro do método. Os resultados mostraram compatibilidade com as estimativas de erros operacionais. Inicialmente cada exame foi estudado separadamente e num segundo momento analisadas as diferenças entre os gêneros e os dados correlacionados. Após análise estatística e interpretação dos resultados verificou-se na telerradiografia lateral, que a posição do incisivo central superior pode ser determinada de acordo com as variações anatômicas da maxila observadas no sentido ântero-posterior estando o ápice relacionado com a crista nasal da maxila e a borda incisal e cervical com a espinha nasal anterior. No estudo da telerradiografia frontal, encontrou-se resultados semelhantes, na largura da maxila, aos padrões de normalidade. Na avaliação dos modelos ortodônticos digitalizados, verificou-se a influência dos planos de referência na determinação da inclinação vestíbulo-lingual da face vestibular dos incisivos centrais superiores. Foram observadas pequenas diferenças entre algumas grandezas, quando os gêneros foram comparados. Nesta pesquisa, foram correlacionados os dados obtidos nos exames complementares e encontrou-se diversas associações estatisticamente significativas entre as grandezas esqueléticas e dentárias confirmando a tendência de proporcionalidade. Todas estas foram submetidas à análise de regressão linear que gerou equações das variações. Com a finalidade de contribuir ao diagnóstico e planejamento, pode-se afirmar que a posição e dimensão mésio-distal dos incisivos centrais superiores podem ser determinadas individualmente a partir das grandezas intrínsecas da maxila.The objective of this work was to analyze the morphological characteristics of the maxilla and the upper central incisors in relation to the dimensions and positioning of both and to verify the inter relations between the obtained variables. The sample was made up of 32 posteroanterior radiographs (PA), 32 lateral head radiographs and 32 orthodontic models in plaster of 32 white individuals of both genders in the age group of completed 12 years to 17 years and one month, with permanent dentition and normal dental occlusion, residing in Sao Paulo City, who have Brazilian parents and have not had orthodontic treatment. All samples were scanned and digitalized, and the generated data were exported to computerized analysis programs, in which linear and angular values were defined directly over the digitalized sample. The obtained values were repeated, by the same operator, with a minimum interval of 15 days between measurements with the objective of evaluate the error in the method. The results showed compatibility with the estimates of operational errors. Initially every exam was studied separately and in a second moment the differences between genders and the correlated data were analyzed. After the statistical analysis and the interpretation of the results, it was verified in the lateral head radiographs, that the position of the upper central incisor can be determined according to the anatomic variations of the maxilla observed in the anteropoterior position, the apex being related to the nasal crest of the maxilla and the incisal and cervical edge being related to the anterior nasal spine. In the study of posteroanterior head radiographs, it was found similar results to the normality patterns, in the width of the maxilla. In the evaluation of the digitalized orthodontic models, the influence of planes of reference was verified in the determination of the labiobuccal inclination of labial surface of the upper central incisors. Small differences between some values were observed, when genders were compared. In this research, the obtained data in the complementary exams were correlated and found several statistically significant associations between dental and skeletal values, confirming the tendency of proportionality. All these associations were submitted to the analysis of linear regression which produced equations of variation. With the purpose of contributing to the diagnosis and planning can be affirmed that the position and mesiodistal dimension of the upper central incisors can be individually determined starting from the intrinsic values of the maxilla.
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Irobi, Edward Okezie. "Time to Diagnosis of Second Primary Cancers among Patients with Breast Cancer." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2661.
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Many breast cancer diagnoses and second cancers are associated with BRCA gene mutations. Early detection of cancer is necessary to improve health outcomes, particularly with second cancers. Little is known about the influence of risk factors on time to diagnosis of second primary cancers after diagnosis with BRCA-related breast cancer. The purpose of this cohort study was to examine the risk of diagnosis of second primary cancers among women diagnosed with breast cancer after adjusting for BRCA status, age, and ethnicity. The study was guided by the empirical evidence supporting the mechanism of action in the mutation of BRCA leading to the development of cancer. Composite endpoint was used to define second primary cancer occurrences, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the median time-to-event among comparison groups and BRCA gene mutation status. Cox proportional hazards was used to examine the relationships between age at diagnosis, ethnicity, BRCA gene mutation status, and diagnosis of a second primary cancer. The overall median time to event for diagnosis of second primary cancers was 14 years. The hazard ratios for BRCA2 = 1.47, 95% CI [1.03 - 2.11], White = 1.511, 95% CI [1.18 - 1.94], and American Indian/Hawaiian = 1.424, 95% CI [1.12 -1.81] showing positive significant associations between BRCA2 mutation status and risk of diagnosis of second primary colorectal, endometrial, cervical, kidney, thyroid, and bladder cancers. Data on risk factors for development of second cancers would allow for identification of appropriate and timely screening procedures, determining the best course of action for prevention and treatment, and improving quality of life among breast cancer survivors.
Books on the topic "Diagnostic Proportions"
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Scott, Naomi. The epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0062.
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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter describes a retrospective study examining the epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome in the Dutch general population. The researchers accessed patient data by means of the Integrated Primary Care Information project, which provided a large representative sample of the general population inclusive of all ages. They found an incidence of 26.2 per 100,000 person-years from a source population of 190,902 people. In those patients diagnosed by a specialist, three contemporaneous diagnostic criteria were applied, one of which was that of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). The authors demonstrated that there were marked differences in the proportions of cases fulfilling different criteria and thus highlighted problems with case diagnosis. When the 1994 IASP criteria were strictly applied, the incidence was found to be 16.8 per 100,000 person-years.
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Diagnostic Placement and Mastery Tests: Ratio Proportion and Percent. Contemporary Books, 1990.
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Liu, Timothy C. Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Problematic Internet Use. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0065.
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This chapter discusses the phenomenology and epidemiology of problematic Internet se (PIU). Interest in the addictive potential of Internet activities has grown in the past two decades. Problematic Internet use can be broadly defined as uncontrolled use of the Internet that leads to significant psychosocial and functional impairments. It is currently conceptualized as an impulse control disorder that may share features with substance dependence disorders. Reliable studies have estimated the prevalence in the general population to be about 1%, but higher proportions of individuals might be at risk. Comorbidities with other psychiatric disorders are common. Concerns exist regarding the appropriateness and implications of formally recognizing PIU as a distinct disorder in current diagnostic systems. Given the ever-growing exposure to the Internet, especially in younger generations, PIU might become an emerging public health problem. Further studies are greatly needed, especially those using valid measures and longitudinal designs. Neuroimaging and genetic studies should also be explored.
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Casey, Patricia. The course and prognosis of adjustment disorders (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786214.003.0008.
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The diagnostic stability of AD is questionable since there are no specific diagnostic criteria and many clinicians are not familiar with AD, mistaking it for some overlapping disorder. Case-register and inpatient records all identify poor stability, although this was not unique to AD and includes other non-psychotic disorders. The duration of hospitalization is shorter for those with AD than for those with other diagnoses, and a similar pattern has been observed for outpatient follow up. The prognosis for AD is described as good. Long-term follow-up studies show that a large proportion of patients are well and do not require readmission. Among adolescents, a diagnosis of AD may augur more serious underlying psychopathology, and they have higher readmission rates than adults with the diagnosis. AD is the most common diagnosis in those dying by suicide in some countries and it occurs earlier in the course of AD than in other diagnostic groups.
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Riley, Bobbie, and Navil Sethna. Pediatric Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0054.
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Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS-1) is a condition that affects adolescents and children under the age of 7. It usually follows minor injury and rarely occurs spontaneously. The pain is usually out of proportion to the inciting injury. Pain, allodynia, and/or hyperalgesia are severe enough to inhibit use of the affected limb. Delay in diagnosis and self and/or iatrogenic immobilization of the affected limb may lead to worsening pain, skin hypersensitivity and discoloration, swelling, and vasomotor and dystrophic abnormalities. The diagnosis of CRPS-1 and 2 is based on symptoms. There are no diagnostic tests that can confirm the presence or absence of CRPS-1. CRPS-2 diagnosis is established by nerve conduction test and electromyography. Clinical practice neuropathic guidelines are most effective for CRPS-2 treatment. Pharmacological and interventional treatment options for CRPS-1 are limited and usually ineffective because the underlying mechanism(s) are yet to be determined.
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Clark, Terrell A. Assessment and Development of Deaf Children with Multiple Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0002.
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The proportion of children who are deaf or hard of hearing and also have other medical, neurodevelopmental, behavioral, or psychosocial conditions is increasing. Prevalence estimates run as high as 50% to 70%. The shifting complexity challenges not only the learners but also the teachers, administrators, and policymakers responsible for the education of deaf students. Documentation of diagnostic profiles contributes to understanding the learning profile of deaf students with concomitant conditions. This may also inform policy decisions, programmatic design, calibration of parental expectations, and implementation of effective teaching strategies. Through illustrative case examples, this chapter explores the principles of differential diagnosis and the implications of various conditions. Topics covered include genetic syndromes, vestibular dysfunction, intrauterine viral infection with associated congenital hearing loss, autism spectrum disorder, reactive attachment disorder, complex medical histories resulting in severe neurologic compromise, intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, and nonsyndromic genetic conditions.
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Tanislav, Christian, and Manfred Kaps. Classification. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722366.003.0003.
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The classification of a cerebrovascular event distils information obtained in the workup and other related case history to a category indicating a specific pathophysiology, with direct implications for the subsequent secondary prevention management. A minimum standard of diagnostics is required for a precise classification. In young stroke victims, the conventional Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) stroke subtype classification may only address the aetiopathogenesis in 30–60% of the individuals who are affected by vascular risk factors. Applying the criteria defined by TOAST for large-artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and small artery disease is reliable for young stroke victims as verified in many clinical investigations. However, in a considerable proportion of stroke patients, the stroke aetiology remains unclear. For this group, some patients need to be treated in a particular manner, such as those with two or more possible aetiologies or those with suspected paradoxical embolism. In patients remaining purely cryptogenic despite an extensive diagnostic workup, imaging findings may help to identify potential triggers, particularly when an embolic infarction pattern in the acute brain imaging is obvious. Despite its shortcomings, the TOAST classification is the most universally used classification in ischaemic stroke patients. New developments in the field are addressed in this chapter and aspects are incorporated for the nominated classification adapted for the specific group of young stroke patients.
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Archer, Nick, and Nicky Manning. Management of fetal structural cardiac disease in pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199230709.003.0023.
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Introduction 304Diagnosis 306Counselling 308Management of pregnancy 310Fetal intervention 312Management of delivery 314Place of delivery 316Future pregnancies 318Cardiac abnormalities account for approximately 20% of neonatal deaths and in some the cardiac cause is only identified at post-mortem; a significant proportion of CHD remains undetected during pregnancy and thus does not influence management of the pregnancy or delivery. However, there are some lesions whose early postnatal management may be altered in the light of prior knowledge and thus prenatal diagnosis may improve postnatal outcome both in terms of mortality and morbidity....
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Armstrong, Richard. Dementia. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0228.
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Dementia is a syndrome defined by a persistent, progressive decline in multiple cognitive functions to a degree sufficient to detrimentally impact activities of daily living and social function. The syndromic diagnosis of dementia is useful, since the general management and economic burden of these patients remains similar, irrespective of etiology. However, a more precise etiological diagnosis must be sought, since disease-specific treatment is increasingly likely to be appropriate. The term ‘mild cognitive impairment’ (MCI) refers to an objective impairment in a cognitive function (usually memory) which does not impair activities of daily living. The aim underlying the use of this term is to identify those with the early pathophysiological changes of neurodegenerative disease. Nonetheless, ‘MCI’ is not synonymous with ‘early dementia’, as a significant proportion of those with MCI will not worsen. The term should therefore be used cautiously.
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Ducrocq, Gregory, Franck Thuny, Bernard Iung, and Alec Vahanian. Acute valve disease and endocarditis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0059.
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The management of patients with acute valve disease is now a rare, but challenging, event, as valvular patients are often elderly with severe comorbidities. Furthermore, a proportion of previously operated patients present with acute valve dysfunction. The aim, in this situation, is to establish a rapid diagnosis, based on clinical examination and echocardiography, followed by early intervention. The primary treatment remains surgical valve replacement. However, a more conservative surgical approach is under development, and, more recently, percutaneous interventional techniques have been introduced. In the future, every effort should be made to avoid performing interventions in an acute situation, as it is always at high risk.
Book chapters on the topic "Diagnostic Proportions"
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Ben-Chaim, David, Yaffa Keret, and Bat-Sheva Ilany. "Diagnostic Questionnaire in Ratio and Proportion." In Ratio and Proportion, 233–43. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-784-4_16.
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Joseph, Benjamin. "Short Stature and Altered Body Proportions." In Paediatric Orthopaedic Diagnosis, 349–58. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2392-4_33.
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Joseph, Benjamin. "Abnormal Body Proportions and Dwarfism at Birth." In Paediatric Orthopaedic Diagnosis, 139–46. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2392-4_16.
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Saeki, Hiroyuki, and Toshiro Tango. "Statistical Inference for Non-inferiority of a Diagnostic Procedure Compared to an Alternative Procedure, Based on the Difference in Correlated Proportions from Multiple Raters." In Developments in Statistical Evaluation of Clinical Trials, 119–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55345-5_7.
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Caroni, C. "Diagnostics for Cox’s Proportional Hazards Model." In Statistics for Industry and Technology, 27–38. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8206-4_3.
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Rowden, Adam K. "Pain Out of Proportion to Examination." In Visual Diagnosis in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, 33. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470755921.ch51.
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Kowalski, J. Michael, and Adam K. Rowden. "Pain out of Proportion to Examination." In Visual Diagnosis in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, 35–36. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444397994.ch51.
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Grambsch, Patricia M. "Goodness-of-fit and diagnostics for proportional hazards regression models." In Recent Advances in Clinical Trial Design and Analysis, 95–112. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2009-2_5.
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Economou, P., and C. Caroni. "Closure Properties and Diagnostic Plots for the Frailty Distribution in Proportional Hazards Models." In Statistical Models and Methods for Biomedical and Technical Systems, 43–53. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4619-6_4.
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Salazar, Javier, and Anne Le. "The Heterogeneity of Liver Cancer Metabolism." In The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism, 127–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_9.
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AbstractPrimary liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death around the world. Histologically, it can be divided into two major groups, hepatocellular carcinoma (75% of all liver cancer) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (15% of all liver cancer) [1, 2]. Primary liver cancer usually happens in liver disease or cirrhosis patients [1], and the risk factors for developing HCC depend on the etiology [3] and the country of provenance [1]. There is an urgent need for an accurate diagnostic test given the high proportion of false positives and false negatives for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a common HCC biomarker [4]. Due to often being diagnosed in advanced stages, HCCrelated deaths per year have doubled since 1999 [3]. With the use of metabolomics technologies [5], the aberrant metabolism characteristics of cancer tissues can be discovered and exploited for the new biomarkers and new therapies to treat HCC [6, 7].
Conference papers on the topic "Diagnostic Proportions"
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Panasiuk, Ia V., N. S. Churilova, N. V. Vlasenko, D. V. Dubodelov, V. V. Klushkina, and S. N. Kuzin. "EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD OBLAST DURING FEBRUARY 26, 2020 TO JULY 22, 2020." In Molecular Diagnostics and Biosafety. Federal Budget Institute of Science 'Central Research Institute for Epidemiology', 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-165.
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We studied individual parameters of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the Nizhny Novgorod region for the period from February 26 to July 22, 2020. It was shown that the most intensively involved in the epidemic process were persons of the age category from 42 to 65 years, among the sick the proportion of women was more (58,12%) than the proportion of men (41,8%). A positive correlation was found between the number of COVID-19 cases and age for the age groups from 19 to 41 years old and from 42 to 65 years old.
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Dubodelov, D. V., V. V. Klushkina, N. S. Churilova, Ia V. Panasiuk, N. V. Vlasenko, and S. N. Kuzin. "EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 INCIDENCE IN THE POPULATION OF KRASNODAR KRAI IN THE PERIOD FROM MARCH 10 TO AUGUST 17, 2020." In Molecular Diagnostics and Biosafety. Federal Budget Institute of Science 'Central Research Institute for Epidemiology', 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-9900432-9-9-133.
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We studied individual parameters of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the Krasnodar Territory for the period from March 10 to August 17, 2020. It is shown that a high level of morbidity remains after the abolition of restrictive measures — on average, 83 patients with COVID-19 were registered per day in the final phase of the observation period. The proportion of patients with severe and moderate disease is 63.7%, and in persons over the age of 65, their proportion is slightly higher — 76.0%. The most intensively involved in the epidemic process are pensioners, temporarily unemployed (men and women) and workers of medical organizations (women).
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Perminov, Nikolay, Maxim Smirnov, Konstantin Melnik, Lenar Gilyazov, Oleg Bannik, Marat Amirhanov, Diana Tarankova, and Aleksandr Litvinov. "Robust diagnostics of dark counts for quantum networks." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce27726f64b0.74021110.
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In this work, we study timestamps when registering counts of single-photon detectors in quantum communications. Post-pulse counts are analyzed based on several approaches. Explicit statistical accounting of the noise of quantum detectors allows you to most correctly select the mode of use of the detectors to realize the most efficient quantum communication with the highest signal to noise ratio. Direct statistical analysis and robust diagnostics of the noise of quantum detectors can be done by ranging the time's tags of quantum keys that are available for the online diagnostic system and analysis a significant amount of information about the quantum communication performance (the amount of dark noise and post-pulse counts, line interference, etc.). The conclusion is made about the proportion of dark noise and post-pulse counts in the total noise, and the limits of applicability of the theory are shown using a sequence of the ranged amplitudes. We offer non-parametric robust diagnostic of times tags in keys to increase the security of quantum networks, and also discuss the prospects of commercializing quantum-classical cloud-based security services.
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Chigier, Norman. "Industrial Applications of Spray Technology." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0776.
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Abstract Spray Systems are used very extensively in a wide range of industrial applications. Injection of liquid fuel in gasoline and diesel automotive engines, gas turbine aircraft and land-based engines, rocket engines and a wide variety of industrial furnaces and boilers, require improved control of atomization and spray characteristics to improve performance and efficiency and to reduce emission of pollutants to satisfy EPA regulations. Spray painting of automobiles, aircraft, bridges and a large range of manufactured products results in the waste of large proportions of paint that does not hit the target and is carried away by offspray, which requires expensive treatment to prevent pollution. In manufacturing processes, molten metal sprays are used for direct manufacture, using near net shaping, high temperature arc spray coatings (thermal spraying) and for coatings. The need to achieve uniform thickness film layers with low porosity, requires control of drop size, velocity, temperature and number density in the spray. More than 80% of agricultural crops are sprayed with herbicides, fungicides and insecticides, using aircraft and tractors. Drop size needs to be maintained sufficiently large during evaporation to prevent drift by wind away from the target crop. Drops that are too large cause wastage and low target transfer efficiencies. Control is required of initial drop size distributions and subsequent changes of spray characteristics from nozzle to target crops. Many industrial chemical and food processes use spray drying where liquid slurries, colloids and solutions are injected into heated gas (air) environments. Control of atomization and spray characteristics is required in order to meet the end product specifications, of particle size, agglomeration, porosity and friability. In the field of medicine, inhalation therapy is used for treatment of respiratory diseases. New developments include inhalation of cyclosporin to prevent rejection after lung transplants, deep lung inhalation of insulin as a more effective and comfortable treatment for diabetics and inhalation of chemotherapy for prevention of lung cancer for heavy smokers. The generation of monosize particles in nebulizers targeted to particular locations in the respiratory tract and lung surfaces requires accurate control of particle size and velocity during inhalation. Control of all these spray processes is achieved by improved atomizer design and accurate measurement of spray characteristics by phase Doppler, diffraction and imaging laser diagnostic instruments.
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Peker, Fuat, and Ibrahim Kaya. "Integral-Proportional Derivative (I-PD) Controller Tuning for Pure Integrating Processes with Time Delay." In 2019 International Conference on Applied Automation and Industrial Diagnostics (ICAAID). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaaid.2019.8934961.
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Boyu, Wang, Cai Zhenjiang, Yuan Hongbo, and Suo Xuesong. "Control Model and Experiment of Water and Fertilizer Proportion of Fertilizer Machine Based on RBF Neural Network." In 2018 International Conference on Sensing,Diagnostics, Prognostics, and Control (SDPC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sdpc.2018.8664944.
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Rabaoui, B., H. Hamdi, M. Rodrigues, and N. BenHadj Braiek. "A polytopic proportional integral observer design for fault diagnosis." In 2017 International Conference on Advanced Systems and Electric Technologies (IC_ASET). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aset.2017.7983660.
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Godbold, Conner, Farzad Poursadegh, Oleksandr Bibik, and Caroline Genzale. "Measurement of Air-Fuel Mixing in a Diesel Spray at Engine Relevant Conditions Using UV-VIS DBI Diagnostic." In ASME 2021 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2021-68205.
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Abstract Due to the non-premixed nature of diesel combustion, mixing prior to the reaction zone has proven to be one of the primary factors in emissions formation. Therefore, the advancement of diagnostics used to measure mixing fields in diesel applications is imperative for a greater understanding of how in-cylinder emissions mitigation techniques operate. Towards this goal, we have recently demonstrated the use of a high-speed two-wavelength extinction imaging measurement, UV-VIS DBI, for time-resolved measurements of mixing in a diesel spray. This diagnostic operates by back-lighting the spray with ultra-violet and visible illumination. The visible illumination is selected at a non-absorbing wavelength, such that the visible light is only attenuated by liquid droplet scattering, enabling discrete detection of the liquid-vapor mixture and pure vapor phases of the spray. For this work, Ultraviolet and visible light are generated using a ND:YAG pumped frequency-doubled tunable dye laser operating at 9.9 kHz . The simultaneous UV-Visible illumination is used to back-illuminate a vaporizing diesel spray, and the resulting extinction of each signal is recorded by a pair of high-speed cameras. Using an aromatic tracer (naphthalene, BP = 218 °C) in a base fuel of dodecane (BP = 215–217 °C), the UV illumination (280 nm) is absorbed along the illumination path through the spray, yielding a projected image of line-of-sight optical depth that is proportional to the projected fuel vapor concentration in the pure vapor region of the spray. In this paper, a new method of determining the absorption coefficient for the pure-vapor phase of the spray will be discussed, along with showing how an Inverse-Abel transform can be used to compute planar concentration data from the projected concentration data yielded by the diagnostic. This diagnostic and data processing is applied to diesel sprays from two Bosch CRI3-20 ks1.5 single-orifice injectors (140 μm and 90 μm orifice diameters) injecting into a nonreacting high-pressure and temperature nitrogen environment using a constant-flow, optically-accessible spray chamber operating at 60 bar and 900 K. The mixing data produced agrees well with previously existing mixing data, which further instills confidence in the diagnostic, and gives the diesel combustion community access to mixing field data for a 140 μm orifice diameter injector at a 60 bar and 900 K condition.
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Elleuch, Ilyes, Atef Khedher, and Kamel Ben Othmen. "State and unknown input estimation using proportional multiple integral observer for uncertain Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems." In 2017 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cadiag.2017.8075629.
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Krajcin, Idriz, and Dirk So¨ffker. "Advanced Model-Based Disturbance Compensation Control Using Proportional-Integral-Observer." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84997.
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This contribution presents a state feedback control and a new disturbance compensation method using the Proportional-Integral-Observer (PI-Observer). For a suitable class of systems the observer estimates the unmeasured states as well as unknown inputs acting on a structure using a small number of measurements. Here, the observer is applied to elastic structures where the PI-Observer can be used for model-based diagnosis and control. An extended disturbance compensation is proposed to improve the dynamical behavior, to decouple the effect of disturbances on defined outputs using the PI-Observer. The observer and the control are applied to an all side clamped elastic plate. The performance of the control is illustrated by simulation results.
Reports on the topic "Diagnostic Proportions"
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Tangka, Florence K. L., Sujha Subramanian, Madeleine Jones, Patrick Edwards, Sonja Hoover, Tim Flanigan, Jenya Kaganova, et al. Young Breast Cancer Survivors: Employment Experience and Financial Well-Being. RTI Press, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0041.2007.
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The economic burden of breast cancer for women under 50 in the United States remains largely unexplored, in part because young women make up a small proportion of breast cancer cases overall. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a web-based survey to compare data from breast cancer survivors 18–39 years of age at first diagnosis and 40–49 years of age at first diagnosis. We administered a survey to a national convenience sample of 416 women who were 18–49 years of age at the time of their breast cancer diagnosis. We analyzed factors associated with financial decline using multivariate regression. Survivors 18–39 years of age at first diagnosis were more likely to report Stage II–IV breast cancer (P<0.01). They also quit their jobs more often (14.6%) than older survivors (4.4%; P<0.01) and faced more job performance issues (55.7% and 42.8%, respectively; P=0.02). For respondents in both groups, financial decline was more likely if the survivor had at least one comorbid condition (odds ratios: 2.36–3.21) or was diagnosed at Stage II–IV breast cancer (odds ratios: 2.04–3.51).