Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diagnostic pathway

Academic literature on the topic 'Diagnostic pathway'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Diagnostic pathway"

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Pearson, C., J. Fraser, and J. Shelton. "Using English National Cancer Registration and Linked Health Datasets to Assess Variation in Diagnostic Pathway Length for Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients by Stage and Route to Diagnosis." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 75s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.62700.

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Background: Understanding factors that contribute to longer diagnostic pathways is important to improve efficiency of these pathways and can provide evidence for the implementation of the forthcoming 28-day Faster Diagnostic Standard (FDS) in England. This analysis uses linked national cancer registrations and other health datasets to define diagnostic pathway length and examine variation by route to diagnosis (RtD), stage and patient characteristics for colorectal and lung cancer patients. Aim: To achieve a more in-depth understanding of the diagnostic pathway for colorectal and lung cancer patients and identify particular factors associated with longer diagnostic pathways. Methods: English cancer registrations (2014 & 2015) diagnosed with colorectal and lung cancers (C18-20, C33-34) were linked to the hospital episode statistics, diagnostic imaging dataset, cancer waiting times and RtD data. Patients with multiple diagnoses or unknown RtD were excluded. To construct the pathway length, a start date was derived by defining the earliest relevant event (referral into/appointment in secondary care or diagnostic procedure) from available datasets in the 6 months prediagnosis. The pathway length was determined for each cancer site separately, by stage, RtD and patient characteristic. Regression analysis produced odds ratios (OR) of having a longer diagnostic pathway while controlling for other factors, including age, sex, comorbidities and deprivation. The longer pathway was defined as longer than the median days per cancer site. Results: Of 64,320 colorectal and 71,526 lung patients included, 99.5% and 99.8% respectively had at least one relevant first event recorded. The median pathway length (days) was 26 (IQR 11-56) for colorectal and 35 for lung (15-83). Pathway length decreased significantly with later stage (stage 1-4 - colorectal: 35 to 20, lung: 75 to 25) with significant variation also by presentation route and comorbidity score. Regression analysis showed that, after adjustment for other factors (including stage), patients on a GP referral route had an increased odds of a long pathway compared with the two week wait route (an urgent GP referral with a suspicion of cancer) (colorectal aOR: 4.5, lung aOR: 2.5). Patients diagnosed via emergency presentation route, which are predominantly late stage, had the shortest pathway length and reduced ORs of having a longer diagnostic pathway (colorectal aOR: 0.2, lung aOR: 0.4). Certain patient characteristics are also associated with longer diagnostic pathway length. Conclusion: There is substantial variation in diagnostic pathway length by stage and route for both sites and in many cases these pathways exceeded 28-days (colorectal: 45.3%, lung: 56.4%). Vague symptoms, comorbidities and other patient characteristics may make cancer more difficult to diagnose. Factors associated with longer waits could support the creation of targeted initiatives to reduce the diagnostic pathway length.
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Rabbolini, David. "Diagnostic pathway for platelet disorders." Pathology 54 (March 2022): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2021.12.073.

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Judson, Marc A., Bruce W. Thompson, David L. Rabin, Joanne Steimel, Genell L. Knattereud, Daniel T. Lackland, Cecile Rose, Cynthia S. Rand, Robert P. Baughman, and Alvin S. Teirstein. "The Diagnostic Pathway to Sarcoidosis*." Chest 123, no. 2 (February 2003): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.123.2.406.

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Stopyra, Jason, Anna Catherine Snavely, Brian Hiestand, Brian J. Wells, Kristin Macfarlane Lenoir, David Herrington, Nella Hendley, Nicklaus P. Ashburn, Chadwick D. Miller, and Simon A. Mahler. "Comparison of accelerated diagnostic pathways for acute chest pain risk stratification." Heart 106, no. 13 (April 8, 2020): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316426.

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BackgroundThe History Electrocardiogram Age Risk factor Troponin (HEART) Pathway and Emergency Department Assessment of Chest pain Score (EDACS) are validated accelerated diagnostic pathways designed to risk stratify patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. Data from large multisite prospective studies comparing these accelerated diagnostic pathways are limited.MethodsThe HEART Pathway Implementation is a prospective three-site cohort study, which accrued adults with symptoms concerning for acute coronary syndrome. Physicians completed electronic health record HEART Pathway and EDACS risk assessments on participants. Major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction and coronary revascularisation) at 30 days were determined using electronic health record, insurance claims and death index data. Test characteristics for detection of major adverse cardiac events were calculated for both accelerated diagnostic pathways and McNemar’s tests were used for comparisons.Results5799 patients presenting to the emergency department were accrued, of which HEART Pathway and EDACS assessments were completed on 4399. Major adverse cardiac events at 30 days occurred in 449/4399 (10.2%). The HEART Pathway identified 38.4% (95% CI 37.0% to 39.9%) of patients as low-risk compared with 58.1% (95% CI 56.6% to 59.6%) identified as low-risk by EDACS (p<0.001). Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 0.4% (95% CI 0.2% to 0.9%) of patients classified as low-risk by the HEART Pathway compared with 1.0% (95% CI 0.7% to 1.5%) of patients identified as low-risk by EDACS (p<0.001). Thus, the HEART Pathway had a negative predictive value of 99.6% (95% CI 99.1% to 99.8%) for major adverse cardiac events compared with a negative predictive value of 99.0% (95% CI 98.5% to 99.3%) for EDACS.ConclusionsEDACS identifies a larger proportion of patients as low-risk than the HEART Pathway, but has a higher missed major adverse cardiac events rate at 30 days. Physicians will need to consider their risk tolerance when deciding whether to adopt the HEART Pathway or EDACS accelerated diagnostic pathway.Trial registration numberNCT02056964.
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Cafarotti, S., V. Porziella, S. Margaritora, and P. Granone. "Diagnostic pathway in anterior mediastinal mass." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2010.256750a.

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Barbetakis, N., and C. Asteriou. "Diagnostic pathway for anterior mediastinal masses." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 846–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2010.256750a1.

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Kasujja, Francis Xavier, Fred Nuwaha, Meena Daivadanam, Juliet Kiguli, Samuel Etajak, and Roy William Mayega. "Understanding the diagnostic delays and pathways for diabetes in eastern Uganda: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 21, 2021): e0250421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250421.

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Background Type 2 diabetes is rapidly becoming a significant challenge in Uganda and other low and middle-income countries. A large proportion of the population remains undiagnosed. To understand diagnostic delay, we explored the diagnostic pathways for diabetes among patients receiving care at a semi-urban district hospital in eastern Uganda. Methods Eligible participants were patients aged 35–70 years receiving care at the diabetes clinic of Iganga district hospital between April and May 2019 and their healthcare providers. Patients were interviewed using an interview guide to collect information on patients’ symptoms and their diagnostic experience. A separate interview guide was used to understand the organisation of the diabetes services and the diabetes diagnostic process at the hospital. Using maximum variation purposive sampling, we selected 17 diabetes patients aged 35–68 years, diagnosed within the previous three years, and the three health workers managing the diabetes clinic at Iganga hospital. The data was analysed using ATLAS.ti version 8 to code, organise and track the data segments. We conducted template analysis using a priori themes derived from the intervals of Walter’s model of Pathways to Treatment to identify the factors influencing diagnostic delay. Results We identified four typologies: a short diagnostic pathway, protracted appraisal pathway, protracted appraisal and diagnostic interval pathway, and delayed treatment pathway. The pathways of patients with protracted appraisal or diagnostic intervals demonstrated strong socio-cultural influences. There was a firm reliance on traditional healers both before and after diagnosis which deferred enrolment into care. Other health system barriers implicated in delayed diagnosis included stock-out of diagnostic supplies, misdiagnosis, and missed diagnosis. Denial of diagnosis was also found to lead to delayed initiation of care. Conclusion Reducing diagnostic delay requires addressing both negative socio-cultural influences and the adoption of system-wide interventions to address barriers to timely diagnosis.
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Christensen, Helle Marie, and Lotte Huniche. "Patient perspectives and experience on the diagnostic pathway of lung cancer: A qualitative study." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212091899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120918996.

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Objectives: Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with high mortality rate and a significant burden of symptoms. It is therefore important to assess patients’ perceived quality of life during the diagnostic process and treatment. Knowledge of and attention to patients’ perspectives, experiences, and expectations in relation to lung cancer diagnostic pathways is limited. The aim of the study is to contribute with patients’ and relatives’ experiences with and their assessment of the quality of a hospital-based lung cancer diagnostic pathway. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted, comprising participant observation with 20 patients and semi-structured interviews with further 19 patients referred to the Lung Cancer Package, which initiates a fast track diagnostic pathway in a hospital setting. Data were obtained over a period of 9 months and analysed in collaboration with an interdisciplinary team of health professionals. The purpose was to further develop existing management strategies of the fast track diagnostic pathway based on patient’s perspectives. Results: Patients associated the fast track diagnostic pathway with high levels of anxiety due to the immediate risk of a lung cancer diagnosis. Although patients experienced the fast track programme as very challenging, they still wanted to move through the diagnostic pathway as quickly as possible. The patients expressed a need for support from relatives and repeatedly required information in multiple formats from health professionals throughout the diagnostic pathway. Conclusions: The study provided insight into the need for developing the fast track diagnostic pathway with a focus on patient anxiety, network involvement, and information strategies. The results qualified clinical practice with an increased focus on managing patients’ anxiety, raised awareness to involve relatives in the diagnostic process, and relaying information in dialogue with patients and their relatives, including management strategies to support patients through diagnostic investigations in the fast track programme.
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Bragde, Hanna Gustafsson, Ulf Jansson, Mats Fredrikson, Ewa Grodzinsky, and Jan Söderman. "Characterisation of gene and pathway expression in stabilised blood from children with coeliac disease." BMJ Open Gastroenterology 7, no. 1 (December 2020): e000536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000536.

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IntroductionA coeliac disease (CD) diagnosis is likely in children with levels of tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (anti-TG2) >10 times the upper reference value, whereas children with lower anti-TG2 levels need an intestinal biopsy to confirm or rule out CD. A blood sample is easier to obtain than an intestinal biopsy sample, and stabilised blood is suitable for routine diagnostics because transcript levels are preserved at sampling. Therefore, we investigated gene expression in stabilised whole blood to explore the possibility of gene expression-based diagnostics for the diagnosis and follow-up of CD.DesignWe performed RNA sequencing of stabilised whole blood from active CD cases (n=10), non-CD cases (n=10), and treated CD cases on a gluten-free diet (n=10) to identify diagnostic CD biomarkers and pathways involved in CD pathogenesis.ResultsNo single gene was differentially expressed between the sample groups. However, by using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), significantly differentially expressed pathways were identified in active CD, and these pathways involved the inflammatory response, negative regulation of viral replication, translation, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. The results indicate that there are differences in pathway regulation in CD, which could be used for diagnostic purposes. Comparison between GSEA results based on stabilised blood with GSEA results based on small intestinal biopsies revealed that type I interferon response, defence response to virus, and negative regulation of viral replication were identified as pathways common to both tissues.ConclusionsStabilised whole blood is not a suitable sample for clinical diagnostics of CD based on single genes. However, diagnostics based on a pathway-focused gene expression panel may be feasible, but requires further investigation.
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Smith, Matthew E., Yemisi Takwoingi, Jon Deeks, Cuneyt Alper, Manohar L. Bance, Mahmood F. Bhutta, Neil Donnelly, Dennis Poe, and James R. Tysome. "Eustachian tube dysfunction: A diagnostic accuracy study and proposed diagnostic pathway." PLOS ONE 13, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): e0206946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206946.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diagnostic pathway"

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Martin, Laura. "Insights into the tuberculosis diagnostic pathway." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/33125.

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Background: Early identification of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is important. Existing first and second-line drug (SLD) susceptibility testing (DST) strategies can be slow, unreliable and inaccessible. Methods and Findings: SLD DST on the MODS platform (MODS+): 97 drug-naïve and on-treatment patients provided sputum samples for analysis by MODS+ for SLDs. Agreement of MODS+ results with proportions method was >80% for fluoroquinolones and second-line injectables but suboptimal for ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, cycloserine, ciprofloxacin and ethionamide. Performance of MODS kit for TB and multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) diagnosis: Sputum samples (N=2446) were cultured in parallel by standard methods and MODS kit. Compared to conventional MODS, MODS kit sensitivity and specificity for TB detection was 99.3% (95%CI:98.3-99.8%) and 99.0% (95%CI:97.8-99.6%) respectively, for detection of rifampicin resistance 98.9% (95%CI:94.2-100.0%) and 99.0% (95%CI:97.8-99.6%) respectively and for detection of isoniazid resistance 96.0% (95%CI:90.8-98.7%) and 99.5% (95%CI:98.4-99.9%) respectively. Can changes in culture time to detection of TB (TTD-TB) predict MDR-TB? 95 patients provided sequential sputum samples before and during treatment for culture by MODS. TTD-TB increased during treatment but TTD-TB distribution at each time point did not differ between MDR and drug-susceptible strains (p=0.4, during eight weeks first-line treatment). Should TB DSTs be rationed to 'high risk' TB suspects? Clinico-epidemiological data from TB suspects (N=1545) underwent multivariate analysis for DR-TB predictors. 17 selective testing strategies were based on significant predictors and international guidelines. The proportions of DR-TB patients captured by each strategy were calculated. 147 patients had culture-positive TB (DR-TB, n=31). If only those with a MDR-TB risk factor were tested 53.1% of DR-TB patients would not have undergone DST. Most strategies performed similarly poorly or tested 80% of the population to detect 90% of DR-TB patients. Conclusion: The MODS+ assay and MODS kit are promising diagnostic tools, likely to aid important universal access to early TB DST.
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Laird, Madeleine Mackay. "Parental perceptions of a pre-school diagnostic pathway for autism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/parental-perceptions-of-a-pre-school-diagnostic-pathway-for-autsim(85bcad79-fa33-4b62-95f3-45662cda7021).html.

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There is a recognition that services for people with autism and their families need to improve. Although a number of good practice documents and clinical guidance have been published there is continued concern that services are still not providing optimum support. Despite many of the documents focussing upon the diagnostic procedures there is little information available on the quality of the diagnostic process from the parents’ perspective. This qualitative study aims to explore parents’ perceptions of a diagnostic pathway for pre-school children, with autism, in a Local Authority in the North West of England. It considers the factors which, parents perceive, contribute to the success of the local pathway and aims to identify any areas of unmet need for the parents and their families. It also investigates what, if any, feelings of grief and loss are experienced by the parents when their children are diagnosed with autism. It seeks to determine whether the existing pathway supports parents through feelings of grief and loss which may accompany a diagnosis. An interpretivist paradigm was adopted. Eight semi structured interviews were conducted with an opportunity sample of parents drawn from the Multi Agency Autism Team’s database. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and a thematic analysis was made of the data. Two core themes, Knowledge and Loss, emerged from the data which conceptualised the parent’s perception of the diagnostic process. Both of the themes contained sub themes: Knowledge - acquisition of knowledge: communication of knowledge: and quality of knowledge Loss - feelings of grief and loss: being supported through loss: and loss of normal familyThe results of the research are discussed within the context of the existing literature and illustrated with pertinent quotations made by the parents. The findings are supportive of previous research that the diagnosis of autism is a complex and emotionally challenging experience. The results suggest that communication with professionals, the manner in which the diagnosis is disclosed and the support available to families, are pivotal factors in the local pathway. The personal attributes of the professionals who support families, for example, ability to be flexible and have empathy, were more important to the sample than their knowledge of autism. Parents identified areas of unmet need in the existing pathway including having a clear understanding of the possible outcome of their child’s assessment, being provided with information about autism and access to post diagnostic support. The entire sample reported feelings of grief and loss when their child was diagnosed with autism. Their descriptions of these feelings suggest that they experience an ambiguous loss. The implications of the findings for practice are discussed and areas for future research are suggested in response to the findings.
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Johns, Christopher. "Improving the diagnostic pathway of pulmonary hypertension using cardio-pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20207/.

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Whilst pulmonary hypertension is a relatively uncommon condition, it is associated with a poor quality of life and poor survival. It is therefore important that we correctly identify patients who suffer from pulmonary hypertension, assess the underlying cause (an essential step for treatment) and seek those who are at risk of death. Current guidelines centre on right heart catheterisation as the recommended tool to answer these important clinical questions. Since it was first described in the mid-1950s, there have been significant improvements in the survival of patients with pulmonary hypertension, mainly due to the introduction of vasodilator therapies and surgical procedures. There have been parallel improvements in imaging technologies, the most tangible of which is cardiac MRI, allowing time resolved assessment of cardiac structure and function. Despite these improvements in non-invasive methodologies, there remains heavy reliance upon invasively measured pressures and flow for the diagnosis, phenotyping and assessment of risk in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this PhD thesis is to evaluate, and hopefully increase, the role of cardio pulmonary vascular MRI in the non-invasive assessment of pulmonary hypertension. I show that cardiac MRI metrics, particularly when combined in a regression model, are able to predict mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Such models are able to identify with reasonable accuracy the presence of pulmonary hypertension in patients referred to a tertiary referral centre. The role of cardio-pulmonary MRI in the assessment of the underlying group of pulmonary hypertension, such as chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension and PH-left heart disease, is then explored as identification of patients who may respond to PH specific therapy is an important step. Finally, the role of MRI in the assessment of prognosis, concentrating specifically on patients with PH left heart disease and PH in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is assessed.
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Vignali, Giulia. "The Bell Tower: the facts-finding pathway and good practice for the structural diagnostic analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Specific characteristics of single heritage constructions pose a challenge at the moment of the formulation of a judgement on the preservation state and safety of the object. In Italy, the guidelines on assessment and reduction of seismic risk to heritage constructions have provided a procedure for gaining an adequate level of knowledge of masonry constructions. Such operative methodology is presented as a path made of many aspects that, at different levels and from many viewpoints, should bring together a detailed qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the artifact under analysis. Knowledge steps include the search for documents and information from various sources, visual inspections, surveys and non-invasive diagnostic approaches, structural numerical modelling. Nevertheless, these guidelines are necessarily a generic document and cannot detail many practical aspects so that the professional dealing with real cases has to rely on extensive knowledge and experience. This is particularly true in the case of peculiar typologies of constructions, such as ancient masonry towers, which – due to their geometry - present extra problems of accessibility, inspection and survey. This thesis looks at a number of medieval masonry towers with steeple masonry spires located in Piacenza and Ravenna, Italy, to test on-site a multidisciplinary, coherent facts-finding path that keeps into account the characteristics and problematics of the single constructions in order to reach a reliable evaluation, drawing from the examination of the collected info and produced data. At the same time, this thesis aims to consolidate the author’s knowledge about the most correct choice and procedural application of various techniques according to the specific aims, in view of her professional future, keeping in mind both the engineer’s viewpoint of building safety and the architect respect for the heritage value.
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Dickinson, C. L. "The integration of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway for localised prostate cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1464111/.

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The current clinical pathway for localised prostate cancer firstly involves serum PSA testing, through screening programmes or ad hoc testing in highrisk or symptomatic men. If the PSA is raised, a transrectal-ultrasound guided biopsy is performed for histological diagnosis for suspected cancer. However, serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels are inaccurate in selecting an ‘at-risk’ group for malignancy, and transrectal-ultrasound guided biopsy is a morbid procedure in which approximately 30% of men are under-diagnosed (through missing the disease) or misdiagnosed (through underestimating the true disease burden), therefore misinforming on appropriate management. A proportion of men are ‘over-diagnosed’ with low risk cancers on biopsy that may have little to no metastatic potential. The current management options of low- to intermediate-risk disease includes active surveillance with regular repeat serum PSA and biopsy tests and their inherent limitations. The alternative, which is radical treatment, may cause significant morbidity and reduce quality of life, despite considerable technical advances. An imaging test that is able to detect, characterise and localise prostate cancer may allow better diagnosis through improved risk stratification to the current standard tests, and targeted sampling of any suspicious areas, with more effective grading of disease burden. Additionally, the morbidity associated with the current therapeutic options could be reduced through the identification and targeted treatment of cancer lesions (‘focal therapy’), rather than the whole prostate. This thesis addresses the adoption of multi-parametric (mp)MRI for these diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Whilst mpMRI has already demonstrated high accuracy rates for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, the current lack of standardisation of conduct and reporting has reduced comparability between studies and resulted in poor external validity. I present the rationale for the use of a new prostate mpMRI scoring system and the consensus outputs from a European expert group on standardising conduct and reporting, and their applications to date. I also present studies that apply the information obtained from mpMRI on the location and burden of clinically significant disease, to plan, conduct and follow-up focal treatment.
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Eliasson, Madeleine. "Recurrent macroscopic hematuria after anegative investigation – diagnostic yield ofrepeat investigation." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-93341.

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Introduction: Macroscopic hematuria is an important alarm symptom of cancer in theurinary tract. One single episode in patients over the age of 50 fulfills the criteria for referralto the standardized care pathway. Several patients included in the pathway with a negativeresult of the investigation will return with recurrent macroscopic hematuria for repeatinvestigation. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of repeat investigation in patients presenting withrecurrent macroscopic hematuria after a previous negative investigation and to estimate theincidence of false negative investigations in the standardized care pathway for cancer in theurinary tract. Material and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed at theDepartment of Urology in Örebro County, including all patients investigated in thestandardized care pathway for cancer in the urinary tract during 2016 with a negative result ofthe investigation. Individuals with repeat investigation were identified. Results of theseinvestigations and the time interval between investigations were documented. Results: Repeat investigation was performed in 96 out of 627 patients (15.3%). Two (2.1%)were diagnosed with cancer, at a time interval from initial investigation of 4 and 27 months,respectively. Other results were benign urological conditions (n = 62) and normalinvestigations (n = 30). Conclusions: It appears that few tumors are missed when macroscopic hematuria isinvestigated in the standardized care pathway. We observed a very low number of newlydiagnosed cancers after repeat investigation of recurrent macroscopic hematuria. A moreselective approach regarding repeat investigations should be considered.
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Kanthabalan, Ana Abhiramy. "The evaluation of a novel imaging-based complex diagnostic and therapeutic pathway intervention for men who fail radiotherapy for prostate cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057034/.

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Background: One-third of men may experience biochemical failure by 8 years following radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Focal salvage therapy (FST) may offer further curative treatment. Before FST, distant disease must be ruled-out and intra-prostatic disease must be accurately detected and characterised. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate novel diagnostic and staging techniques and outcomes of focal salvage treatments for radiorecurrent prostate cancer. Methods: Both retrospective and prospective data will be presented. A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare a) Bone scan with Choline PET/CT in the detection of distant metastases b) Accuracy of MRI-Targeted Biopsy (MRI-TB) with whole-gland template mapping biopsy (TPM) c) the outcomes of focal salvage HIFU (FS-HIFU). These retrospective analyses provided important inputs into the design and conduct of the prospective trial FORECAST - Focal RECurrent Assessment and Salvage Treatment. Key trial outcomes were a) detection rate of distant metastatic disease of Whole Body MRI compared to other staging scans b) detection rate of MRI for clinically significant prostate cancer and c) Short-term outcomes of focal salvage therapies. Outcomes: Within the retrospective analyses, there was poor concordance with bone scan and Choline PET/CT in the detection of metastatic disease (kappa value 0.024). MRI-TB had lower detection rates of clinically significant cancer compared with TPM biopsy; 77.9% vs. 85.7% (p=0.146). The b-DFS rate post FS-HIFU was 48% (95% CI 39–59) and composite end free survival was 40% (95% CI 31–50). In the prospective analyses, there was moderate agreement between WB-MRI and Choline PET/CT for bony metastatic disease (Kappa=0.411 (p < 0.0001)). MRI (PIRADS 4) had a high sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for the detection of clinically significant cancer 90%, 81.3%, 85.7% and 86.7%. b-DFS rates post FS-HIFU and FS-cryotherapy was 73% (95% CI 51-100) and 67% (95% CI 30-100) at 12 months (p=0.95).
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Bauffe, Frédérique. "Etude de protéines parasitaires pour l'amélioration des tests de diagnostic rapide du paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5068.

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Le paludisme est un problème de santé public dans de nombreux pays. Cinq espèces infectent l'homme : P. falciparum, responsable de la grande majorité des décès, et P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae et P. knowlesi qui provoquent des formes bénignes de la maladie. Le diagnostic qui fait partie des moyens de lutte, est une urgence médicale. Les tests de diagnostic rapides (TDRs) dont l'usage est recommandés par l'OMS, sont donc de plus en plus employés. Cependant, la détection et l'identification des espèces non P. falciparum par ces tests est insuffisante. Le besoin en nouveaux couples « antigènes-anticorps » est une nécessité pour améliorer les TDRs. Au cours de ce travail, de nouveaux anticorps anti LDH de P.malariae ont été produits.Une recherche de nouveaux antigènes a également été entreprise. Pour cela, certaines enzymes de la voie de la glycolyse ont été étudiées. Pour la première fois des séquences des enzymes de cette voie ont été obtenues pour P. ovale et P. malariae. Elles ont permis de déterminer de nombreux épitopes cibles potentiels spécifiques et ceux communs à toutes les espèces. Dans un deuxième temps, une recherche en protéomique a été menée pour identifier des biomarqueurs parasitaires. L'étude du culot globulaire et du plasma de patients infectés a permis la sélection de 8 protéines cibles originales. Ces travaux préparent la fabrication et la commercialisation par la société Whidiag d'une nouvelle génération de TDRs pour le paludisme
Malaria is a public health problem in many countries. Five species infect humans: P. falciparum, responsible for the vast majority of deaths, and P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi causing mild forms of the disease. The diagnostic is a means of control and a medical emergency. The rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) whose are recommended by WHO, are increasingly used. However, the detection and identification of not P. falciparum species is insufficient. New "antigen-antibody" couples are a need to improve the RDTs performance. In this work, new anti LDH antibodies from P. malariae were produced. A search for new antigens was also undertaken. For this purpose, some enzyme of glycolysis pathway were studied. For the first time the sequences of the enzymes from this pathway were obtained for P. ovale and P. malariae. We identified many potential target epitopes specific and common to all those species. In a second step, a proteomics approches has been conducted to identify parasites biomarkers. The study of red blood cells and plasma of infected patients has led to the selection of 8 original target proteins. This work prepares the manufacturing and marketing of a new generation of RDTs for malaria by the company Whidiag
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Phyu, Su Myat. "Targeting of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and associated kinases in breast and colon cancer cells and response evaluation by molecular imaging techniques." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238576.

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The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT (Protein Kinase B)/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signalling pathway, downstream of tyrosine kinase receptors, is upregulated in human cancers including breast and colon cancers. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK 3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase plays important role in various cellular processes including glycogen synthesis mediated by insulin signalling pathway. Moreover, 5' adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial cellular energy sensor, has regulatory role in cell growth and proliferation through mTOR pathway. Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is the major phospholipid in the mammalian cell membranes and is mainly synthesized by the CDP-choline pathway. Malignant transformation has been reported to be associated with altered choline metabolism. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway upregulates the key enzymes of phospholipid metabolism. The first line antidiabetic drug, metformin, modulates glucose and concomitant lipid metabolism through AMPK activation. Studies suggest phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and breakdown through CDP-choline pathway are modulated by glucose metabolism and de novo fatty acid synthesis. Cancer cell growth inhibitory effect of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/GSK3 pathway inhibitors and metformin were investigated by cytotoxic assay, western blot and cell cycle analysis in breast and colon cancer cells. IC50 values of anticancer drugs and combination indices between drug combinations were determined. 31P-NMR was carried out on cell extracts after drug treatments. [14C (U)] glucose and [3H] choline incorporation into lipids were also determined. All inhibitors targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, GSK3 and metformin have cancer cell growth inhibition. By 31P-NMR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition induced agent-specific changes in PCho intensity. Increased UDP-sugars observed in breast and colon cancer cell extracts treated with LY294002 and AZD8055, an effect abrogated by inclusion of a GSK3 inhibitor. A link between glycolytic intermediates and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis was investigated by metformin and GSK3 inhibitor in breast and colon cancer cells.
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Mohanty, Sujit Kumar. "A. Genetic characterization of the caffeine C-8 oxidation pathway in Pseudomonas Sp. CBB1 B. Validation of caffeine dehydrogenase as a suitable enzyme for a rapid caffeine diagnostic test." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4879.

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Pseudomonassp. CBB1 degraded caffeine via C-8 oxidation. Previously, a novel quinone-dependent caffeine dehydrogenase (Cdh) was shown to catalyze the oxidation of caffeine to 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid (TMU). Initial metabolite analysis using resting cells and partially purified extract of CBB1 identified transient accumulation 1,3,7-trimethyl-5-hydroxyisourate (TM-HIU), and 3,6,8-trimethylallantoin (TMA). TMA structure was confirmed; chiral analysis revealed that it was racemic. In contrast, a time-course reaction showed that one of the enantiomers of TMA accumulated nine times, and racemized in three hours. Based on this, it was proposed that TMU was converted to TM-HIU and enantiomeric TMA. A 43-kDa NADH-dependent TMU mononxygenase (TmuM) was purified and shown to convert TMU to unstable TM-HIU. The enzyme belonged to a new family of FAD-dependent monooxygenases. The enzyme was specific for methyluric acid with no activity on uric acid. Homology model of TmuM revealed a larger, more hydrophobic active site compared to analogous uricase in the uric acid pathway. Genes encoding heterotrimeric Cdh (cdhA,B,C) and TmuM (tmuM), were located on a 25.2-kb fragment in CBB1 genome. Gene cluster analysis relative to similar cluster in uric acid degrading organisms identified five more putative genes of the C-8 oxidation pathway, namely tmuH, tmuD, orf1, orf2, and orf3. First three genes were assigned encoding TM-HIU hydrolase (TM-HIU to TM-OHCU), TM-OHCU decarboxylase (TM-OHCU to stereospecific TMA (proposed S-(+)-TMA)), and trimethylallantoinase (stereospecific TMA to TMAA), respectively. Further, orf2 and orf3 are proposed to encode for YlbA and ArgE like hydrolase and deacetylase, which convert TMAA to glyoxylate, di- and monomethylurea. This is the first report of (a) TMA structure (b) TMU monooxygenase and TM-HIU (hydroxylation product of TMU), and (c) complete delineation of C-8 oxidation pathway by a combination of enzymology and cluster analysis. Excessive consumption of caffeine in various forms has created a need for a rapid diagnostic test, esp. for nursing mothers and infants. Cdh was hypothesized to be suitable for this test. Sensitivity of the test was shown to be 1 ppm. A colorimetric test with partially purified Cdh and INT-dye was optimized to detect within a minute, caffeine in drugs, nursing mother's milk, and differentiate decaffeinated beverages.
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Books on the topic "Diagnostic pathway"

1

R, Dalrymple-Hay M. J., ed. Pathways through surgical finals. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1993.

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Hofmann, Walter, Johannes Aufenanger, and Georg Hoffmann, eds. Laboratory Diagnostic Pathways. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110455083.

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Liu, Grant T. Neuro-ophthalmology: Diagnosis and management. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2001.

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Marcelle, Cedars, ed. Infertility: Practical pathways in obstetrics & gynecology. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Pub. Division, 2005.

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Saidoff, David C. Critical pathways in therapeutic intervention: Upper extremities. St Louis: Mosby, 1997.

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Saidoff, David C. Critical pathways in therapeutic intervention: Upper extremity. St. Louis: Mosby, 1997.

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Mulhall, John P. Clinical care pathways in andrology. New York: Springer, 2014.

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L, McDonough Andrew, ed. Critical pathways in therapeutic intervention: Extremities and spine. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002.

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A, Hausman Kathy, ed. Clinical pathways for collaborative practice. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1995.

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Lang, Marilyn. Critical pathways: National directory of healthcare. Santa Barbara, CA (P.O. Box 40959, Santa Barbara 93140-0959): COR Healthcare Resources, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diagnostic pathway"

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_16.

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_21.

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 69–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_24.

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 75–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_27.

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_30.

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_33.

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 109–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_39.

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_42.

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 133–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_48.

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Goonewardene, Sanchia S., Peter Pietrzak, and David Albala. "Diagnostic Pathway for." In Basic Urological Management, 141–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98720-0_51.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diagnostic pathway"

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Rodrigues, Mauri M., Sílvia Carla S. Rodrigues, Mariana S. Lima, Patrícia K. Vitorio, and Carlos Alberto C. Pereira. "The Diagnostic Pathway To Sarcoidosis - Factors Associated With The Delay In Diagnosis." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a3024.

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Chevrie, Karine. "Navigating the regulatory pathway for an innovative bionic vision system." In Advanced Biomedical and Clinical Diagnostic and Surgical Guidance Systems XVIII, edited by Anita Mahadevan-Jansen. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2560182.

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Aujayeb, Avinash, and Karl Jackson. "The UK timed diagnostic lung cancer pathway: a pleural disaster." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.1138.

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Lok, Laurence S. C., Nicholas J. Innes, and Rana Rabbani. "Improving The Lung Cancer Diagnostic Pathway: Small Change, Big Difference." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5143.

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Huxley, Michelle, Sue Stubbs, Lynn Thomas, Gerhard Bockeler, Duncan Fullerton, and Syed M. H. Kazmi. "Is time from “referral to diagnosis” in lung cancer pathway affected by diagnostic test delays?" In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa4227.

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Amir, Adnan, Alison Spray, Nicola Haley, Katheryn Gracie, and Alison Gill. "RAPID lung cancer diagnostic and care pathway from referral to treatment." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2912.

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Doig, Catherine, Christopher Butter, Nikolaos Hadjisavvas, Sujoy Saikia, Ali Fawzi, Madeleine Hewish, and Shashank Sharma. "Assessing the role of pleural fluid in current cancer diagnostic pathway." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2923.

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Lee, M., R. Baranowski, G. Sotiropoulos, R. McDermott, N. Jayasekera, S. Lloyd-Owen, S. Ainkaran, T. O’Shaughnessy, and D. Waller. "S37 The use of diagnostic robotic assisted segmentectomy accelerates the lung cancer pathway." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting, Wednesday 17 to Friday 19 February 2021, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.42.

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Zahid, Muhammad Ammar, and Abdelali Agouni. "Identification of a miRNA signature as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in renal cell carcinoma." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0109.

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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). If diagnosed in later stages, ccRCC is associated with high renal cancer related morbidity and poor prognosis. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted interest as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers due to their important role in cancer development and progression. Availability of big omics data in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) coupled with data mining and machine learning have revolutionized the identification of robust diagnostic and prognostic signatures in different types of cancers. In this study, we have utilized the miRNA sequencing data of 516 ccRCC patients from TCGA to identify a diagnostic and prognostic signature by using a combined approach of differential expression analysis, survival analysis and machine learning. Differential expression analysis identified 30 downregulated and 20 upregulated miRNAs in the primary tumor as compared to solid tissue normal samples. Out of these 50 differentially expressed miRNAs, higher expression of 7 and lower expression of 6 miRNAs were found to be significantly associated with poor survival when analyzed using the Kaplan-Maier survival method. Pathway enrichment analyses related to the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis was the most significantly enriched KEGG pathway while proteoglycans in cancer pathway was enriched by the highest number of survival-associated miRNAs target genes. Differential expression and association with poor survival was used as a prefilter for training a support vector machine model capable of classifying tumor samples from solid tissue normal samples with an accuracy and precision of 99.23% and 98.50%, respectively. We have identified here a nine-miRNA signature in ccRCC patients that is capable of segregating tumor from normal tissue samples with high accuracy and precision. The future validation of this classification model in in a clinical cohort will support translation of these findings into clinical practice for early detection and follow-up of ccRCC.
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Canning, A., A. Peace, A. McNeill, G. Aleong, R. Bond, and D. Finlay. "36 Variable diagnostic accuracy in reading ecgs in a nurse-led primary pci pathway." In Irish Cardiac Society Annual Scientific Meeting & AGM, Thursday October 5th – Saturday October 7th 2017, Millennium Forum, Derry∼Londonderry, Northern Ireland. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-ics17.36.

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Reports on the topic "Diagnostic pathway"

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Bruno, Francesco, Domenico Arcuri, Francesca Vozzo, Antonio Malvaso, Alberto Montensanto, and Raffaele Maletta. Expression and signaling pathways of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and pro-NGF in breast cancer: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0017.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to systematically review and comprehensively summarize the current experimental evidence about the involvement of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and pro-NGF signaling pathways in breast cancer. Therefore, the questions are as follows: (1) What is the expression level of NGF, pro-NGF and their receptors in breast cancer? (2) What is the role played by NGF, pro-NGF and their receptors in the pathophysiological mechanisms (i.e., proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis) of breast cancer? (3) What is the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of NGF, pro-NGF and their receptors in breast cancer? Condition being studied: Breast cancer is a neoplasm of epithelial origin that generally develops in the parts of the breast tissue made up of the glands involved in milk production or in the ducts that connect the glands to the nipple. In women it represents the most frequent cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death. The incidence of breast cancer is estimated to increase over the years and to reach 3.2 million in 2050, thus representing a health emergency both from a medical and a psychological point of view. Therefore, prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer appears to be of primary urgency as well as the development of new treatments able to improve its prognosis.
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Pantuck, Allan. Early Diagnosis of Clear Cell Kidney Cancer via VHL/HIF Pathway-regulated Circulating microRNA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599473.

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Bercovier, Herve, Raul Barletta, and Shlomo Sela. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Secreted and Cellular Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573078.bard.

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Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular vaccine against paratuberculosis based on protein antigen(s). A prerequisite to achieve this goal is to analyze and characterize Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mpt) secreted and cellular proteins eliciting a protective immune response. In the context of this general objective, we proposed to identify, clone, produce, and characterize: the Mpt 85B antigen and other Mpt immunoreactive secreted proteins, the Mpt L7/L12 ribosomal protein and other immunoreactive cellular proteins, Mpt protein determinants involved in invasion of epithelial cells, and Mpt protein antigens specifically expressed in macrophages. Paratuberculosis is still a very serious problem in Israel and in the USA. In the USA, a recent survey evaluated that 21.6% of the dairy herd were infected with Mpt resulting in 200-250 million dollars in annual losses. Very little is known on the virulence factors and on protective antigens of Mpt. At present, the only means of controlling this disease are culling or vaccination. The current vaccines do not allow a clear differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular paratuberculosis vaccine based on Mpt protein antigen(s) compatible with diagnostic tests. To achieve this goal it is necessary to analyze and characterize secreted and cellular proteins candidate for such a vaccine. Representative Mpt libraries (shuttle plasmid and phage) were constructed and used to study Mpt genes and gene products described below and will be made available to other research groups. In addition, two approaches were performed which did not yield the expected results. Mav or Mpt DNA genes that confer upon Msg or E. coli the ability to invade and/or survive within HEp-2 cells were not identified. Likewise, we were unable to characterize the 34-39 kDa induced secreted proteins induced by stress factors due to technical difficulties inherent to the complexity of the media needed to support substantial M. pt growth. We identified, isolated, sequenced five Mpt proteins and expressed four of them as recombinant proteins that allowed the study of their immunological properties in sensitized mice. The AphC protein, found to be up regulated by low iron environment, and the SOD protein are both involved in protecting mycobacteria against damage and killing by reactive oxygen (Sod) and nitrogen (AhpC) intermediates, the main bactericidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells. SOD and L7/L12 ribosomal proteins are structural proteins constitutively expressed. 85B and CFP20 are both secreted proteins. SOD, L7/L12, 85B and CFP20 were shown to induce a Th1 response in immunized mice whereas AphC was shown by others to have a similar activity. These proteins did not interfere with the DTH reaction of naturally infected cows. Cellular immunity provides protection in mycobacterial infections, therefore molecules inducing cellular immunity and preferentially a Th1 pathway will be the best candidate for the development of an acellular vaccine. The proteins characterized in this grant that induce a cell-mediated immunity and seem compatible with diagnostic tests, are good candidates for the construction of a future acellular vaccine.
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Faye, S. A., and D. A. Shaughnessy. Production Pathways and Separation Procedures for High-Diagnostic-Value Activation Species, Fission Products, and Actinides Required for Preparation of Realistic Synthetic Post-Detonation Nuclear Debris: Status Report and FY16 Project Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1233304.

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Kurman, Robert J., and Ie-Ming Shih. Pathogenesis of Ovarian Serous Carcinoma as the Basis for Immunologic Directed Diagnosis and Treatment. Project 1 - Molecular Characterization of Ovarian Serous Tumors Developing Along Different Pathways. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420920.

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Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Accomplishments, 2007. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7296841.aphis.

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This past year’s hard work and significant changes have enabled CPHST—a division of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program—to be an organization more capable and better aligned to support and focus on PPQ’s scientific needs. In 2007, CPHST developed the first PPQ strategic plan for CPHST. The plan shows where CPHST is going over the next 5 years, how it is going to get there, and how it will know if it got there or not. Moreover, CPHST plan identifies critical elements of PPQ’s overall strategic plan that must be supported by the science and technology services CPHST provides. The strategic plan was followed by an operational plan, which guarantees that the strategic plan is a living and breathing document. The operational plan identifies the responsibilities and resources needed to accomplish priorities in this fiscal year and measures our progress. CPHST identifies the pathways by which invasive plant pests and weeds can be introduced into the United States. CPHST develops, adapts, and supports technology to detect, identify, and mitigate the impact of invasive organisms. CPHST helps to ensure that the methods, protocols, and equipment used by PPQ field personnel are effective and efficient. All the work of CPHST is identified under one of the five program areas: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Response and Recovery Systems Technology, Risk and Pathway Analysis, and Survey Detection and Identification. CPHST scientists are leaders in various fields, including risk assessment, survey and detection, geographic information systems (GIS), molecular diagnostics, biocontrol techniques, methods and treatment, and mass rearing of insects. The following list outlines some of CPHST’s efforts in 2007: Responding to Emergencies, Developing and Supporting Technology for Treatments, Increasing Diagnostic Capacity, and Supporting Trade.
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Safeguarding through science: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 2009 Accomplishments. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7296843.aphis.

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The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) provides scientific support for the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program in order to safeguard U.S. agriculture and natural resources. CPHST is responsible for ensuring that PPQ has the information, tools, and technology to make the most scientifically valid regulatory and policy decisions possible. In addition, CPHST ensures that PPQ’s operations have the most scientifically viable and practical tools for pest exclusion, detection, and management. This 2009 CPHST Annual Report is intended to offer an in-depth look at the status of our programs and the progress CPHST has made toward the Center’s long-term strategic goals. CPHST's work is organized into six National Science Programs: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology; Risk and Pathway Analysis; Domestic Surveillance, Detection, and Identification; Emergency Response; Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Arthropods; and Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Plant Pathogens and Weeds. the scientists of CPHST provide leadership and expertise in a wide range of fields, including risk assessments that support trade, commodity quarantine treatments, pest survey and detection methods, molecular diagnostics, biological control techniques, integrated pest management, and mass rearing of insects. Some highlights of significant CPHST efforts in 2009 include: Establishment of the National Ornamentals Research Site at Dominican University of California, Established LBAM Integrated Pest Management and Survey Methods, Continue to develop Citrus Greening/Huanglongbing Management Tools, and further European Grapevine Moth (EGVM) Response.
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