Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diagnostic mécanique'
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Milloud, Rachel. "Approche mécanique de l'adhésion cellulaire, ouverture au diagnostic." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY034/document.
Full textCell ability to sense mechanical properties of their microenvironment is crucial for tissue homeostasis which means their capacity to maintain mechanical integrity as they are submitted to external forces.Integrins have been highlighted as mechanotransducers able to form micro-scale structures called focal adhesion sites which mechanically link cells to the extracellular matrix by recruiting various adaptors. Both b1 and b3 integrins have been identified as the principal actors of tensional homeostasis. However as the resulting mechanotransduction processes are intrinsically dynamic, the respective and cooperative roles b1 and b3 integrins need to be addressed over time and space.In the present work, coupling time-resolved traction force microscopy and genetics approaches, we investigated the respective role of b1 and b3 integrins in active force generation at the single cell level. Our findings show that b1 integrins has an essential role in generation of cellular traction forces, b1 integrin-generated force is negatively regulated by b3 integrins which impacts the redistribution of b1 integrin containing adhesion through its ability to bind to talin and kindlin, b3 integrin supports min-scale temporal regulation of cellular contractile activity generated by b1 integrin. Finally, cell mechanical equilibrium relies on the ability of cells to maintain a fixed contractile moment.I also participated in two others studies in the framework of collaborations in which I used the traction force microscopy as a diagnostic tool to observe the effect of contractile forces in the formation of the aortic lumen and the formation of proplatelets. I was able to confirm that the protein amotL2 connecting the contractile fibers to VE-cadherin, is involved in intercellular forces necessary for the formation of the aortic lumen. And in a second collaboration, where I found by using traction force microscopy that the contractility of megakaryocytes via its actomyosin system, is necessary for the formation proplatelets
Safinowski, Pawel. "Diagnostic ultrasonore de la dégradation mécanique et structurale du béton." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664281.
Full textAllaouchiche, Bernard. "Méthodes de diagnostic rapide des pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T067.
Full textMermoz, Emmanuel. "Automatisation du diagnostic vibratoire des transmissions de puissance d'hélicoptère." Paris, ENSAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENAM0016.
Full textThe presented works become integrated within the framework of the vibratory surveillance of the mechanical transmissions of helicopter. After a presentation of the general principles of the vibratory analysis and the various associated methods of diagnosis, a new methodology of automatic diagnosis is defined. This method is realized by a computer application allowing to make a manual or automatic vibratory diagnosis. The procedure of study of data is described with the features of the software associated. Finally a research on the possibilities of modeling allowing to improve the capacities of diagnosis is presented. It articulates around two axes: the statistical vision of the vibratory indicators and the mechanical modeling of the dynamic efforts
Ghiss, Moncef. "Dégénérescence discale et outils de diagnostics : couplage d'un modèle osmotico-mécanique et d'imagerie de résonance magnétique nucléaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4334.
Full textDisc diseases are major public health problem in industrialized countries where they affect a large proportion of the population. Disc degeneration (DD) is considered to be one of the leading causes of pain consultation and sick leave in France. This study is an attempt to diagnose DD and more generally an assessment of the functionality and viability of the InterVertebral Disc (IVD). The IVD is an heterogeneous cartilage, that ensures rachis mobility and optimal stress redistribution between vertebrae. These two main properties are linked to the hydric content and the presence of proteoglycans (PG) which decline in a natural process throughout life. This degenerative process is in some case accelerated, leading to the Degenerative Disc Diseases (DDD) or troubles. Several studies have shown the importance of the water content of the disc on its biomechanical behavior. The aims of our study are:1. to follow with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the variation in morphology and hydration under mechanical stress,2. to follow with a numerical model, the changes in mechanical parameters such as stiffness, Poisson's ratio and the intrinsic permeability of the IVD.The post-processing on Magnetic Resonance (MR) data allowed reconstructing the 3D deformation under a known mechanical load and deducing the porosity of the disc. The results obtained are conform with the literature and the adopted behavior adheres perfectly with the experimental data. This study demonstrates also, the ability to calculate the mechanical parameters of an IVD, providing precious information to understand the mechanical behaviour and hence judge the viability of the IVD
Beaussier, Hélène. "Pharmacologie et mécanique de la plaque d'athérosclérose." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P619.
Full textOur research is based on the role of arterial stiffness in the atherosclerotic carotid wall mechanics to understand plaque rupture in essential hypertensive patients. All mechanical parameters were measured on the common carotid artery (CCA) segment by a non-invasive echotracking system, the ArtLab®. We have modelled the in vivo mechanical behavior of human CCAs to quantify contributions of micro-constituents with age and hypertension. Arterial stiffness could explain changes in mechanical characteristics of wall micro-constituents in hypertension and atherosclerotic arterial wall behaviour in response to mechanical strains. Two opposite patterns of longitudinal bending strain (BS) has been shown in atherosclerotic plaques on the CCA: inward BS (pattern B), i. E. Lower radial strain at the plaque level than adjacent segment, and outward BS (pattern A). We have defined determinants of the pattern B (Beaussier, Hypertension 2008): essential hypertension, outer remodelling and absence of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers. Arterial wall of hypertensive patients are less elastic at the site of the plaque, exposing the plaque to a greater risk of rupture. RAS blockers could protect against inward BS. We have correlated the arterial mechanics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (echotracking) with their composition (MRI). We have shown that inward BS pattern are more often associated with complex plaques, with lipid rich core and with an outer remodelling; these are structural characteristics of “vulnerable” plaque, prone to rupture. This suggested that inward BS is a mechanical feature of vulnerable plaques
Nguile, Makao Molière. "Pneumonies nosocomiales acquises sous ventilation mécanique : prédiction du diagnostic et influence sur le pronostic." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538779.
Full textEssone, Obame Hans. "Étude expérimentales des défauts de connecteurs encartables dorés et mise en oeuvre d'outils de diagnostic." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S032.
Full textThis work has for objective the study of the default involving to low level thin gold layer connectors for printed circuit boards failure. Several parameters can be at origin of a «false contact» in this kind of connector: loss of force due to the relaxation of springs, corrosion and pollution. If solutions were brought to protect against the corrosion (gold deposit in contact areas), loss of the mechanical properties of the contacts is inevitable because of the long lasting of life planned by these connectors (40 years initially). Their remaining life expectancy represents a major stake and requires to be known. To answer it, evolution of various parameters that characterize these connectors, such as insertion force, contact force, springs deflection, and contact resistance, is studied for a high number of operations of insertion/withdrawal phases thanks to insertion and friction contacts benches realized. EDX Analysis of the contact areas is made to estimate importance of contact surface damages. . Once these parameters known, an innovative prototype sensor for force measurement was developed for connector, based on piezoresistive effect, allows direct measurement of contact force. A major observation during those measures of force with this sensor is variation of this one according to contacts. The geometric tolerance of connector housing is assumed to be the major explanation of these variations. A correlation is made between measurements obtained by force sensor and measurements of distances between springs (difference of gap) obtained thanks to a visual inspection system for connectors with the aim to find an effect of causality between those two parameters
Devauchelle-Gach, Béatrice. "Diagnostic mécanique des fatigues sur les structures soumises à des vibrations en ambiance de travail." Paris 9, 1991. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1991PA090040.
Full textRamahaleomiarantsoa, Fanjason Jacques. "Diagnostic des systèmes à énergies renouvelables de type éolien." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022178.
Full textImpériale, Alexandre. "Méthode d'assimilation de données de la donnée image pour la personnalisation de modèles mécaniques : application à la mécanique cardiaque et aux images de marquage tissulaire." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066622.
Full textThis thesis aims at incorporating complex data derived from images into a data assimilation strategy available for mechanical systems. Our work relies on some recent developments that propose a sequential data assimilation method made of a Luenberger filter for the state space and an optimal filter reduced to the remaining parameter space. We aim at performing parameter identification for a biomechanical model of the heart and, within the scope of this application, we formalize the construction of shape discrepancy measurements for two types of data sets: first, the data expected of a processing step of tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging (tagged-MRI) and, second, more standard data composed by the contours of the object. Initially based on simple distance measurements we enrich these discrepancy measures by incorporating the formalism of currents which enables to embed the contours of the object within the dual of an appropriate space of test functions. For each discrepancy operators we analyze its impact on the observability of the system and, in the case of tagged-MRI, we prove that they are equivalent to a direct measurement of the displacement. From a numerical standpoint, taking into account these complex data sets is a great challenge that motivates the creation of new numerical schemes that provide a more flexible management of the various observation operators. We assess these new means of extracting the rich information contained in the image by identifying in realistic cases the position and the intensity of an infarct in the heart tissue
Gautier, Guillaume. "Diagnostic vibratoire des systèmes mécaniques par subspace fitting." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4026/document.
Full textIn this thesis, a subspace fitting (SF) method is presented for the identification of mechanical parameters and assessment of the health condition of vibrating structures. The SF method attempts to extract, from subspace identification methods (4SID), a system observability matrix of the system and correlate them with a theoretical observability matrix. The originality of this work is to obtain the theoretical observability matrix from a finite element model (EF) of the structure. By adjusting unknown parameters of the FE model, the mechanical properties of the vibrating structure are identified. Computational costs of such a procedure are reduced by considering a model reduction method based on the excitations and sensors location. The method is evaluated for the identification of natural frequencies of a vibrating structure. Numerical and experimental applications are assessed to show the relevance of such an approach. In particular, it is highlighted that the SF method can accurately identify the natural frequencies of a structure to high noise levels
Djaghloul, Mehdi. "Bio-ingéniérie de la palpation mécanique cutanée par instrumentation non invasive : compréhension du vieillissement chronologique." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENISE028.
Full textUnderstanding the mechanical behaviour of the collagen network and elastin fibres during ageing is an important issue. It concerns the public health prevention of certain skin pathologies, and at the same time the issue engineering field for the development of equivalent cutaneous tissue. In this work, we are interesting in studying mechanical behaviour and vibro-acoustic properties of human skin at the different stages of ageing. Surface waves propagation in biological tissue in a scale of with low frequencies were few carried out in the literature. However, monitoring the waves propagation induced by friction in the skin tissue provides a non-invasive means for the study of mechanical and tribological behaviour of human skin in-vivo. In this way, "WaveSkin" is a tribometer dasigned and developed as a source of excitation by friction. It was used to measure and quantify the propagation of the surface wave by a laser velocimetry. The obtained sesults on chronological ageing and gender effects, allow the identification of the difference in mechanical behaviour of men-women skins by using their vibrational signature induced by a friction excitation. The first results permits us to follow this study and focus on understanding the genesis of a surface and volume waves. Using short time air blast impact as solicitation, the goal is to understand how from a local deformation without contact, the induced disturbance and wave propagation give us an explicit information about skin conditions, the effect ageing and the effect of gender. The air blast impact device was initially developed for the measurement of the eye tension in ophtalmology. Inspired by this approach, a new device dedicated to the solicitation of cutaneous tissue using a local impact and measuring the generated wave by controlled local deformation. After sizing the device, it has been coupled and synchronized with a velocimetry laser for measuring the velocity of surface wave propagation. This device was successfully inserted for a new experimental protocol on the effect of chronological ageing and gender. The results are unprecedented in the literature, the vibration signature of skin tissue and the local response in the impact area, confirmed the nature of behaviour Men-Women during chronological ageing related to the first part of the study. Thanks to the ease of the experimental set, it was possible to measure the propagation speed of the surface wave in different directions, and thus identify and quantify the anisotropy of the natural skin tension, which is the image of the natural tension of collagen network and elastin fibres. This original and promising device can ptentially be used in dermatology clinic for the diagnosis of certaindisease states caused by a malfunction of the collagen network and elastin fibres
Boungou-Tsoumou, Darcy Yannick Joseph. "Apport de la cyclostationnarité de signaux mécaniques au diagnostic d’endommagement par fatigue et à l’enrichissement de données fournies par des approches fiabilistes." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENISE022.
Full textIn this thesis, the second-order of cyclostationnarity is put forward to detect and diagnose the fatigue damage of a material subjected to low cycle fatigue (LCF). Indeed, the LCF is defined by repetitive cyclic in a low stress and a short period. The vibration response of material subjected to LCF provide information linked to the solicitation and to the fatigue damage. So, we carried out two experimentations. The fisrt about a cantilever beam with breathing cracks, we assume that under the solicitation, breathing cracks generates a non-linearity in the stiffness of the material and this one decreases with the damage. We use the second-order of the cyclostationarity to reveal this non-linearity and show that the fatigue provide a random component in the signal which increases with the fatigue damage. The second study , we use an optical encoder signal to diagnose the state of fatigue damage of a rotating shaft submitted to the twisting. Indeed, the optical encoder signal gives the angular position of the shaft, and allows to estimate the instantaneous frequency of the shaft. This instantaneous frequency allows to diagnose with more precision the state of cinematic components of the mechanical system (bearings, gearing. . . ). So, after a brief mention of the estimation techniques of the instantaneous frequency, we suggest a new way to detect and measure the torsional angle of a shaft in rotating in the framework of fatigue damage by means of cyclostationarity. We use the instrumentation of an optical encoder and we extract, from the signal provided, the phase relatively to the twist. The mathematical model is simulated and applied on reals signals
Kass, Souhayb. "Diagnostic vibratoire autonome des roulements." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI103.
Full textThe industrial and transportation sectors require more and more efficient and complex machines and installations increasing the risk of failure and disruption. This can lead to the immediate shutdown of a machine and disrupts the proper functioning of the entire production system. The diagnosis of industrial machines is essentially based on the monitoring of symptoms related to different degradation conditions. These symptoms can be derived from various sources of information, including vibration and acoustic signals. Nowadays, many effective techniques are well established, based on powerful tools offered by the theory of cyclostationary processes. The complexity of these tools requires an expert to use them and to interpret the results based on his/her experience. The continuous presence of the expert is expensive and difficult to achieve in practice. Condition indicators for rotating machines exist in the literature but they are conceived under the assumption of perfect operating conditions. They are limited, dispersed and generally not supported by theoretical frameworks. The main objective of this thesis is to reduce the use of human intervention by proposing strategies to design two optimal indicators that summarize diagnostic information into a scalar value. A distinction is made between two families in diagnosis: the case where prior information on the faults is known and the case where it is unknown. These indicators are designed to be used in an autonomous process without requiring human intervention, using statistical hypothesis tests. The capacity of these indicators is validated on real data and compared with other indicators from the literature in terms of detection performance
Lizot, Jean-Philippe. "Intérêt de l'échographie mode B en alternative au scanner dans le diagnostic du comblement du sinus maxillaire chez les patients sous ventilation mécanique suspects de sinusites nosocomiales." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M002.
Full textDezert, Théo. "Combinaison d'informations ponctuelles et volumiques pour le diagnostic d'ouvrages en terre soumis à des risques hydrauliques." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4061.
Full textIn France, the river protection levees extend over more than 8,600 km. These structures are very heterogeneous, due to their construction and their history (breaks and repairs, extensions ...). Breaks of work are likely to lead to disastrous consequences such as loss of lives, economic and environmental disasters. In order to prevent the risk of breakage, special supervision of the protection levees is required. This surveillance begins with a visual recognition of the object of study as well as historical and bibliographic research. Recognized methodologies for the assessment of hydraulic structures including complementary geotechnical and geophysical reconnaissance methods are also being used. This work presents a new way of combining data from these two types of information sources, taking into account the specificities of each kind of method (level of imperfection associated with the data, spatial distribution of the information). This new methodology considers the framework fixed by the theory of belief masses and improves the characterization of lithological sets within levees by providing information on the level of conflict between information sources while proposing a confidence index associated with the results. The methodology is implemented through examples of subsoil sections characterized by synthetic and experimental data as well as by data from a real earthen levee
Menexiadis, Dimitri. "Conception d'un système expert d'aide au diagnostic pour les machines tournantes." Valenciennes, 1988. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/04ba5d72-dc25-461d-8efd-ab79aeeefb8f.
Full textAubert, Eddy. "Diagnostic optique du vieillisement électrique des résines époxydes sous faible champ électrique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/340/.
Full textEpoxy resins are insulating materials widely used in electrical systems since a long time. They are made with micro-particles to improve the thermal and mechanical properties. However, problems remain regarding the possible influence of these charges on the electrical behaviour, particularly on them long-term aging under different stresses. The objective of this work is to probe the electrical activity of potential defects in analysing the optical signals under moderate alternative electrical stress (up to 9 kV). Resins with and without charges have been studied. The major obstacle of this work was to improve the collection of luminous signal, given the low level of luminescence detected, inherent to the use of low field, near the services conditions. The interpretation of the different phenomena is based on spectral analysis, imaging devices and the issue of counting photons. Two luminescent behaviours have been observed, the first shows an evolution of the luminescence with the electric field to which the sample is submitted, the second regular shows discontinuity in the same evolution with instability that we could identify as being due to non-detectable micro-cavity by DP measuring devices. Experiments were conducted to determine the evolution of this luminescence in the case of the two behaviours during ageing under different constraints (electric and humidity). Few changes were observed
Capdevila, Xavier. "Intérêt du lavage broncho alvéolaire pour le diagnostic et la conduite thérapeutique des pneumonies bactériennes associées à la ventilation mécanique." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11087.
Full textAndrieu, Michel. "Revêtements sur acier par PACVD radiofréquence et micro-onde : diagnostic de la phase gazeuse et optimisation de la tenue mécanique." Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0267.
Full textBouaou, Kevin. "Apport de la mécanique des fluides dans l'étude des flux sanguins aortiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS076.
Full textAging is associated with morphological, functional and hemodynamic changes in the arterial system, most often aggravated by cardiovascular disease. Understanding these aggravating interactions is important to reduce patients risk. Medical imaging plays a major role in this context through modalities such as velocity encoding MRI combined with quantitative image processing and computational resolution of Navier-Stokes equations that govern blood flow hemodynamics. The aim of this thesis is to develop and combine image processing methods dedicated to 4D flow MRI data analysis with computational fluid dynamics to extract quantitative biomarkers such as intra-aortic pressure fields and their spatio-temporal propagations, aortic wall shear stress and intra-aortic vorticity. We have demonstrated the ability of these biomarkers to detect age-related sub-clinical aortic impairment and to characterize pathological aortic dilatation. In addition, association of spatio-temporal aortic pressure distributions with vortex occurrence and duration as well as with wall shear stress were studied. In a second work, we developed a numerical simulation software to solve the Navier-Stokes system using finite element models. An iterative projection method was applied to 2D and 3D vessel stenosis models as well as to 3D geometrical aortic models resulting from segmentation to validate our implementation. Finally, a preliminary work applying our numerical model to patient-specific geometries was performed revealing encouraging associations between simulated data and MRI measures
Fourati, Aroua. "Modélisation électro-magnéto-mécanique d'une machine asynchrone sous approche angulaire : Application au diagnostic des défauts de roulements en régime non stationnaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI078.
Full textIn an induction machine, the diagnosis of defects by analysis of the electrical current signal requires knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the machine. In addition to external excitation sources, the behavior of the motor is governed by a set of periodic phenomena related to its angularly periodic geometry and coupled by their multiphysical character. In the presence of a bearing defect, measurable quantities will have components at its characteristic frequency combined with the characteristic frequencies of the engine. The understanding of interactions, in particular modulation, requires the implementation of numerical models that represent the manifestations of coupled phenomena. This thesis work proposes an electro-magneto-mechanical model of a squirrel-cage induction machine coupled to a rolling bearing model in an original writing frame called "Angular Approaches". By keeping the "Angle-Time" relation in modeling, it is possible to easily extend the modeling to non-stationary operating conditions and to introduce a strong coupling between the mechanical and electromagnetic models. Thus, it is shown that the instantaneous angular speed is the quantity which ensures the transmission of the localized mechanical defect to the electrical quantities. The proposed model thus offers a decryption of the modulation phenomena present on the transfer path and described by the couplings of cyclic dynamic behaviors (permeance network, loading of the rolling elements, etc.) and / or periodic (structural resonances, electrical resonance, etc.). This work opens the way for a better understanding of the multiphysical coupled behaviors of an electrical machine to better specify the monitoring tools to be used. Further developments can now be directed to a complexity of models or to the exploitation of fine dynamic behaviors in a non-steady operating conditions
Chevalier, Stéphane. "Modélisation multiphysique de l'impédance des piles à combustible PEM. Application au diagnostic de stack par spectroscopie." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991194.
Full textLepetit, Luc. "Etude d'une méthode de diagnostic de digues avec prise en compte du risque de liquéfaction." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21340.
Full textBensaad, Djihed. "Diagnostic de fuites internes dans une pompe à pistons axiaux." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES020.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is intended for the fault diagnosis of axial piston pumps. In this context, we propose different methods able to diagnose internal leakages in an axial piston pump, in particular those caused by one or several worn pistons. We begin this manuscript by recalling the fundamental concepts related to hydrostatics and explaining the working principle of axial piston pumps. After that, we discuss the modeling and simulation of the behavior of this type of pump. This step is essential to understand the variation of characteristic variables of the pump (pressure and flow rate). Next, we compare the simulated pressure signals with those acquired on an experimental test bench. This is intended to demonstrate the robustness of the used modeling and to highlight cases where the modeling differs from reality. Finally, we propose three diagnostic methods based on different approaches. On the one hand, the first two methods aim to identify the faulty piston when there is a piston leak. These are model-based methods that use the estimation of interest parameters to make the diagnosis decision. On the other hand, the last method is data oriented. It uses the collected data for various health conditions and under different operating conditions (speed and load) in order to discriminate several classes. Each class corresponds to one health condition. This method offers the possibility to distinguish the most robust indicator that allows piston leak diagnosis, regardless of the operating condition
Ech, Cheikh Fouad. "Modélisations numérique et analytique du comportement mécanique et multiphysique d'une phase haute-tension pour fermes offshores." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0004.
Full textOTDR-based electrical cable diagnostic methods exist that allow the detection and localization of faults, but the analysis of the measured signals needs to be improved, particularly through the use of models. The link between the physical degradation of the cable and the values of the electrical parameters has, to our knowledge, never yet been realized. As a result, we are not able to know the actual condition of the cable in its natural evolution environment, let alone its residual life. The work carried out in this thesis aims at studying the mechanical behavior in both quasistatic and cyclic fatigue loadings in order to correlate the deformation levels reached to the operating mechanisms of damage and which reflect the proliferation of microstructural defects within the components of the phase (Conductor and insulators). To do this, we propose a numerical modeling using Abaqus. Then, again using numerical modeling, this time using Comsol, we tried to show the impact of mechanical damage on the physical properties (electrical and thermal) of the phase, emphasizing the role of copper. Insulators are playing a key role as well. However, the contour of the thesis had to be well defined in accordance with the time allocated and it seemed to us that a lot of information can be got out of the study of the conductor
André, Hugo. "Surveillance angulaire d’une ligne d’arbre d’éolienne sous conditions non stationnaires." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0124.
Full textThe overall background for the thesis is the need to develop new methods for monitoring machines subject to nonstationary operating conditions of speed and load, as typified by wind turbines. This has become particularly important because of the increasing prevalence of wind turbines for the sustainable supply of electrical power. Because of the cost of installing and maintaining wind turbines, often situated in remote areas and increasingly used off-shore, it has become imperative to use the most up-to-date monitoring methods to avoid unforeseen failure. For the same reason there has been a tendency to increase the size of individual units, but this gives problems for the transmissions used to convert the low speed input at a fraction of a Hz to the speed of conventional generators in the range 16-30 Hz or so. The power delivered by a turbine is proportional to the square of its diameter, but the input torque is proportional to the cube, and a large part of the cost of the gearbox is related to the torque. Anecdotally, this appears to have resulted in a situation where many transmissions are failing in a shorter time than their design life, and this means not only that their design must be improved, but also that they must be monitored more closely than many other machines, to detect and diagnose incipient faults at the earliest possible stage. The thesis seeks to help to redress the situation by proposing a number of innovative methods to improve the detection and diagnosis of faults in machines with variable speed and load, and especially wind turbine transmissions, not only to make the monitoring more efficient, but also more economical
Bonnet, Dimitri. "Vélocimétrie par images de particules (PIV) pour le diagnostic d'écoulements dans la boucle d'air automobile." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978193.
Full textGuillaume, Ludivine. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques intrinsèques d’un modèle de microtumeur in vitro." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30227.
Full textA tumor is a highly organized three-dimensional structure constituted by a heterogeneous population of cells in close interaction with their microenvironment. This organization and these interactions are central in the process of tumorigenesis. Recent evidence shows that changes in the mechanical properties of the microenvironment are essential parameters of tumor development that must be considered in a therapeutic innovation perspective. A tumor is also characterized by intrinsic mechanical properties that could result from its organization, growth, cell-cell, cell-matrix interactions and cell proliferation. Different studies show that the intrinsic mechanical properties of tumors, and specifically the growth-accumulated stress, might impair the therapeutic response. The spheroid, a multicellular 3D in vitro model, mimics the three-dimensional architecture and cell heterogeneity found in vivo in a tumor micro-domain. Its properties and the predictivity of its response to anti-tumor drugs, make it a validated and widely used model for pre-clinical evaluation.The objective of our work was to characterize the intrinsic mechanical properties of a spheroid model and to study their impact on the cellular organization. The multidisciplinary approach implemented considers the spheroid as a material. We have shown that, like tumors, spheroids accumulate mechanical stress during their growth. Mathematical modeling has allowed associating this stress with a peripheral tangential force. Depending on the production conditions the accumulated mechanical stress results in a difference in cell organization and surface stiffness, evidenced using AFM. We have also demonstrated, using 3D microscopy that the accumulation of mechanical stress is associated with nuclei alignment parallel to spheroid surface that depends on actin cytoskeleton and cell-cell interactions. Finally, we have developed, using microfabrication technologies, a device, adapted to submillimetric samples such as spheroids, to characterize their elastic modulus. This work contributes to our understanding of the consequences of intrinsic mechanical stresses on the organization of a micro-tumor. These parameters could have an impact on the diffusion and efficacy of therapeutic agents and therefore need to be further investigated in a pharmacological evaluation optimization perspective
Fournier, Etienne. "Protocole de diagnostic des entraînements asynchrones par références : application à la détection des déséquilibres mécaniques et des défauts de courroies." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15546/1/E_Fournier.pdf.
Full textEl-Nabbout, Fidele. "L'apport du scanner 3D en anatomie dentaire : résultats et applications aux calculs d'ancrage et à la mécanique orthodontique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/225/.
Full textThe present study is an update on anchorage values in orthodontics and their impact on treatment options. The chosen sample included 120 subjects. 3D tomodensitometry using C2000-Cepha and Cepha 3DT software, calculated tooth anatomy parameters such as root volume which can serve as a basis for defining anchorage in orthodontics. According to this selection, the software C2000 achieves a reconstruction; it permits the determination of essential parameters in the survey of teeth and their role in the therapeutic attitude choice in orthodontics: - Anchorage values of a tooth and groups of teeth, - 3D localization of resistance centers groups. The individual anatomical data for each dental and groups of teeth enlighten certain therapeutic options. The reference values were calculated and compared with those available in the literature. They challenge a number of current approaches in orthodontic treatment, and it sometimes misleads us to a more prudent therapeutic attitude. The use of these group gravity centers in practice, find an immediate clinical application in counts of conventional mechanics and in counts of mechanics relying on the absolute anchorages, means the mini-screws
Touret, Thomas. "Health Monitoring : Impact thermique d’un défaut dans une transmission par engrenages - application aéronautique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI041.
Full textHealth monitoring applied to gear units and based on dynamic or acoustic measurements is a growing technology. It is especially true in the present industrial context that tends to increase constrains on any mechanical systems. Nevertheless, this technology faces great difficulties regarding signal treatments and failure identifications. Thus, another health monitoring approach based on temperature measurements is considered. Enclosed gear drive temperatures are imposed by their efficiency and their environment. Therefore, any component damage can lead to efficiency degradation and so a local temperature increase. The proposed study aims to evaluate the capability of temperature measurements to detect, diagnose and estimate the remaining life expectancy of any mechanical component. A bibliographic study shows that temperature analysis is a valid approach to detect failure in mechanical systems. Indeed, a substantial number of studies deal with this subject. But, these studies are rarely able to diagnose or estimate remaining life expectancy as they are lacking of a comprehensive thermal model. Considering this observation, a model based on the thermal network approach was developed to simulate the energetic behavior of a given gear unit. It shows that any variation in mechanical system efficiency results in localized temperature increase. It also reveals that the simulated temperature variation is proportional to the power loss one. Those two observations suggest that temperature measurements could be a relevant approach. Experimental investigations were conducted with twin-disc machines to replicate gear mesh contact conditions. This study shows that a defect such as micropitting has a direct impact on friction coefficient for a lubricated contact. The relationship between friction increase and defect number appears to be proportional. These experiments suggest that the efficiency of geared mechanical systems could be directly impacted with such failures. Finally, an FZG test rig was used to experimentally characterize the effect of micropitting on power losses and temperatures. Tests indicate that there is a direct relationship between efficiency and temperatures. Furthermore, efficiency variations are numerically linked to gear surface features and micropitting magnitude evolutions observed during tests. Temperature variation appears to be consistent with the ones obtained with the thermal model. In fine these results show that temperature measurements are a valuable approach to diagnose and estimate the remaining life expectancy of a geared mechanical system
Hue, Valentin. "Simulation de mouvement humain sur postes de travail pour le diagnostic et l'aide à la conception." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652790.
Full textMrozewski, Kamil Janusz. "Diagnosis of mechanical tightening of a single polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (LT-PEM and HT-PEM) in aeronautical applications." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0034/document.
Full textThe aeronautical R&D activities are currently shaped by the issues associated with the pollutantrich nature of the industry and the natural evolution towards more effective and sustainable technologies. In this regard, the development of more electric aircraft would contribute to reducing fossil fuel consumption by incorporating alternative sources and converters of energy, such as FCs. However, a FC system would have to comply with particular reliability and safety constraints, especially as the aeronautical environment is not very indulgent: abundant pressure and temperature cycling as well as mechanical loads, varying both in frequency and amplitude, in all three dimensions. Vibrations and shocks can in particular lead to a sudden or gradual loosening of the FC, thus degrading its performance, and possibly provoking a gas leak. It therefore seems important to be able to monitor the tightening state of a FC over time, ideally in a non-intrusive manner. Results reported in the literature indicate that the quality of the mechanical tightening of a FC assembly might be assessed through its ohmic resistance (Rohm), more precisely through its electronic part (Re-, formed by the bulk resistances of FC layers and the interfacial contact resistances). In nominal operating conditions, the second and more dominant part of Rohm – the protonic resistance (RH+, formed by the membrane and ionomer resistances) – does not depend on clamping pressure. This amalgamation of resistances of different natures prevents an easy extraction of Re- without the use of invasive sensors and thus an estimation of the quality of the mechanical tightening of a FC assembly. This thesis proposes an in situ preventive diagnosis method that is capable of detecting the degradation of clamping conditions of a FC through the modelling of its ohmic resistance. A theoretical study is performed and demonstrates that the RH+ and Re- resistances can be separated from the total Rohm, based on their temperature dependence. The proposed method is verified with experimental data generated during the characterization of low and high temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) single cells. Although some differences between the values identified by the algorithm and those reported in the literature are observed, they correctly depict the behavior of the mechanical tightening of the tested FCs. Overall, the results are encouraging in the aim of monitoring the quality of mechanical tightening of a FC through the evolution of RH+ and Re-
Brunet, Eric. "Conception et réalisation d'un système expert d'aide à l'interprétation des chocs mécaniques en centrale nucléaire." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD113.
Full textThe main purpose of this research work was the design of a Diagnostic Expert System work bench (MIGRE) and, from it, the realization of a system to aid the interpretation of mechanical impacts in nuclear power plants. The central problem for knowledge based system is related to the concept of “knowledge”. MIGRE proposes a three-level classification of knowledge. The first level is concerned with basic or descriptive knowledge and is formalised in an Entity-Relation model. The second level associates the basic concepts with specific information (“Knowledge Vector”). The last level deals with inference knowledge. Each element of expertise is represented by a “marked” rule (strategy, inference, definition,. . . ). MIGRE provides tools support the activities of application development. Thus, the knowledge base editor includes a Specialized Natural Language Interface, whose aim is to understand the “meaning” of a sentence, and in particular to look for “implicit” knowledge. The parser is a semantic one, using a Definite Clause Grammar. Problem solution is guided by the answers given by the knowledge Exploitation module to a number of tasks extended dynamically during the reasoning. The results show that the two “intellectual” activities of understanding sentences and reasoning to solve a problem require a common core of knowledge
Moustafa, Wael. "Élaboration d'un système de suivi de l'endommagement de composants mécaniques fonctionnant en régime variable et à très basse vitesse : Application au diagnostic sur roulements." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS030.
Full textIn the majority of industrial sectors, production systems’ maintenance costs represent an important part of the whole process’s cost. In order to improve systems’ reliability and performance, different maintenance strategies are used. The goal is to be able to detect all potential malfunction that may affect the production. Nowadays, vibration analysis is one of the best tools in term of detection and defect monitoring. However, the application of these vibration based techniques remain difficult in the case of machines functioning at low speeds. In this thesis, we propose an alternative technique of vibration analysis for the surveillance of these machines that operate on very low speeds and variable speeds. We are specifically interested in bearings’ monitoring. This alternative technique is based on instantaneous angular speed’s variations analysis that are induced by a bearing defect. This technique is tested on a test bench and compared with other techniques such as vibration and ultrasound analysis for different loading conditions and for different bearing fault types. This study shows a high efficiency of this method in the case of very low speeds, constant and variable. This methodology has then been implemented on sugar diffusion oven in a sugar production factory. The measurements shows that this technique is a promising technique for machines’ surveillance in very low and variable speeds working conditions
Desbazeille, Mathieu. "Diagnostic de groupes électrogènes diesel par analyse de la vitesse de rotation du vilebrequin." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563111.
Full textMaamouri, Rebah. "Diagnostic et commande tolérante aux défauts appliqués à un système de conversion électromécanique à base d’une machine asynchrone triphasée." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDM0009/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to propose diagnostic strategies in the case of a sensorless speed control of a three-phase induction motor under an opened-switch or opened-phase fault. A qualitative analysis of the performances, in terms of stability and robustness, of sensorless control applied to the electrical drive in pre-fault and post-fault operation modes is presented. A model-based sliding mode observer is developed and experimentally validated for sensorless speed control of three-phase induction motor. The signals issued from the observer (model approach) as well as the measured ones (signal approach) are simultaneously used to form a hybrid approach for inverter open-switch fault detection and identification. A second-order sliding mode observer based on Super-Twisting algorithm (STA) is also developed to improve the stability and to ensure the continuity of operation of the electrical drive especially during transient states induced by the fault, permitting thus to apply the reconfiguration step without losing the control
Vicentini, Maxime. "Mise en évidence expérimentale et modélisation des régimes de combustion diphasique présents dans les foyers aéronautiques." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0011/document.
Full textNowadays, combustion of hydrocarbons is widespread in many engineering applications, including aeronautical propulsion. However, gas turbines produce pollutant emission levels that are no longer accepted. Therefore, understanding physical phenomena involved in combustion chambers is a major issue to help to the development of more eco-friendly engines. In aero-engine combustors, fuel is injected as a spray of droplets which generates a strong interaction with the turbulent air flow and the flame. This thesis aims at contributing to the development of two-phase combustion models to improve the predictive ability of numerical simulation tools. To do so, a new test setup dedicated to the study of two-phase turbulent flames has been designed and an experimental database has been built (non-reactive and reactive conditions). Simultaneous visualizations of Mie scattering droplets and heat release rate have highlighted a complex flame structure and the existence of different spray combustion regimes. Another important point of this work was to perform a statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of droplets under reactive conditions using an original measurement method. This analysis permitted to measure the inter-droplet distances (nearest neighbor) in different points of the flow and to assess the errors related to the processing of data through a numerical approach. It further appears that the spatial distribution of droplets is similar to an uniform random law while droplet combustion models are often based on a regular law
Rotimbo, Mbourou Donald Romarick. "Contribution à la surveillance et au diagnostic de défauts dans les systèmes de transmission par courroie." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES052.
Full textIn this PHD, we investigate experimental signals recorded from belt drives with a diagnosis aim of belt tension. Our research works present an exhaustive and thematic bibliography on theory and experimentation in belt drive to complete our insufficient knowledges in mechanical domain. We choosed a theoritical approach nearest real conditions of our belt drives bench. We included time fluctuaction in drive shaft speed and blet changes. Unfortunately, we could not resolve motion equations because existence of numerical limits. All conclusions will be used to understand and interprate experimental results after our signal processing numerical procedures. Our tools panel of numerical process comes from a comparative analysis extracted in several scientific documents and differents algorithms. They dedicate to surveillance, diagnosis and pronostic oriented toward bear and gear defaults. A adaptation in our belt case is necessary with variables parameters (tension, load and/or speed) affecting our case. In our automatic approach, we study several faults in analysis domains : modal, traditionnal (time, frequency, spectrum), synchronous, time-frequency and « cyclostationary » . In this last domain, we extract both comopnent (discret and random), after an previous resmapling operation applying to raw collected signal. Each falut type has a specific signature to discriminate with pertinent condition indications (time, frequency and spectrum domains). All results are discussed at the end of this PHD document. Our developped methods and algorithms are a contribution to process belt drives problems, from exprerimental signals recording with acceleromertes, constraint gauges and optical coders
Anselmi, Amedeo. "Ajustement anatomique des dispositifs d’assistance cardiaque mécanique de longue durée par exploitation de l’imagerie et de la simulation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B001.
Full textLong-term circulatory mechanical assist devices are increasingly employed in the management of patients with advanced heart failure. Nonetheless, this therapeutic strategy is still associated with immediate and long-term complications; among these, pump thrombosis, thromboembolic events and pump dysfunction are particularly dreadful. Mechanical factors are involved in their pathogenesis. We hypothesize that the analysis of the post-implantation positioning of the devices (and particularly of the admission cannula for left ventricular assist devices) might provide additional useful information for the prediction of the above events. We also hypothesize that it is possible to optimize the management of these patients (under the perspective of device selection, choice of the left ventricular implantation site and implantation modalities) through computer-assisted preoperative planning. We have therefore established two axes of research. With the first axis, we propose an original system for orientation analysis of the intraventricular admission cannula with respect to the mitral valve (postoperative CT scan). This analysis indicates a significant association between the cannula orientation towards the interventricular septum and the occurrence of early/delayed complications. This novel method will be validated in larger cohorts and tested in a prospective clinical investigation. With the second axis, we propose a virtual implantation solution (environment Cami-TK), based on semi-automatic segmentation of cardiac structures (preoperative CT scan), augmented visualization of the CT scan images, virtual positioning of a 3D mesh representing the devices, and collision analysis with the thoracic structures (left ventricular assist devices and total artificial heart) or the right ventricle (ventricular assist devices only). We finally indicate future investigations concerning the application of computational fluid dynamics to facilitate computer simulation of the hemodynamics within the assisted left ventricle, and refined prediction of adverse events
Gousseau, William. "Pronostic de dégradation d'endommagements de roulements sur application aéronautique par analyse vibratoire." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI063.
Full textAs part of preventive maintenance of its engines, Safran Aircraft Engines wishes to complete its diagnostic operations with a reliable prognosis of the residual life of the bearings. Following an attack, there is currently a great deal of uncertainty about the remaining life before bearing failure from the threshold of vibrational observability of the damage. Current algorithms diagnose an approximate stage of degradation and generate alarm messages of different levels, each level corresponding to a different stage of degradation, combining confidence and severity of diagnosis. An important aspect of the prognosis is the taking into account of the contextual parameters influencing the rate of degradation. The objectives of this thesis are to have methods and tools to quantify a running time remaining before bearing failure with regard to: - the severity of the damage detected, - the environmental conditions of operation, - the depth The industrial constraints associated with these objectives are as follows: 1) The prognosis should be based, at least, on high-frequency vibratory measurements of a few kHz (accelerometers), contextual data (the rotational speeds of the different rotors, for example, or the amplitudes of the levels piloted on them), rotation regimes, revealing a loading of the bearings) 2). Constituing a database of tests resulting from a plan of experiments: these tests will have to take into account the constraints related to the control of the parameters considered to be significantly influential 3) This database must take into account the representativity of the vibratory environment of an aircraft engine. 4) Propose a tool or method of prognosis taking into account the nature of the bearing to consider
Combet, François. "Traitement du signal, modélisation et diagnostic des installations de remontées mécaniques." Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0109.
Full textFitouhi, Mohamed Chahir. "Cycle Time in the Lumber Industry Supply Chain. Diagnostics and Analysis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24135/24135.pdf.
Full textHosni, Houssem. "Conception d’un jumeau numérique pour un procédé d’aspiration industrielle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS031.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the design of a digital twin for industrial ventilation systems in a monitoring and diagnostic context. The input measurements of the model are exclusively electrical and no mechanical sensors are used. The particular cases of fixed and variable speed are studied. At constant speed, the demodulation of electrical currents is particularly studied and an original algorithm, based on an orthogonal signal generator, is proposed, compared to the main known methods, and validated experimentally. At variable speed, the proposed approach is based on order tracking methods without mechanical sensor in which the analysis signals are sampled as a function of the mechanical angle. In this case, the spectral components become independent of the rotation speed and the frequency analysis can be exploited. An original method is presented. It is based on the definition of an observer from a reduced number of information on the considered motor. The estimated speed is used to deduce the mechanical position and to perform the angular resampling. A generalization of the concept of ordertracking is also presented, allowing to define resampling angles adapted to the monitored faults. This method is tested on a LIAS test bench and on the industrial ventilation process
El, Tabach Mario. "Diagnostic de défauts mécaniques dans les machines tournantes par analyse des signaux électriques d'alimentation." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1502.
Full textBellec, Jérémie. "Prise en compte de la variabilité dans le calcul de structures avec contact." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472143.
Full textLecerf, Arnaud. "Développement de la PIV stéréoscopique : Application à l'étude de la propagation de flamme en milieu confiné." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES074.
Full textThis dissertation presents the development and the application of an optical diagnostic permitting to get an instantaneous cartography of the three components of velocity in a plan. This type of diagnostic is destined to a better understanding of greatly unstationary flows as those met in an industrial context (internal combustion engines, jets, flames). This method is based on a stereoscopic principle of imagery that, by cross-correlation of couples of particle pictures (PIV), permits to extract the 3D displacement of tracers in a flow inside a volume limited by the thickness of a laser sheet. In the first stage, tests have been driven on simple flows in order to validate our measurement technique and the whole developed system in real conditions. Our defined stereoscopic system in a configuration where the angle of view is limited, correctly describes a grid-turbulent flow and the big 3D structures (swirl typeflow). The application to the propagation of flame in a closed medium, showed that it is possible to consider some local studies on the behaviour of flame fronts (phenomena of delocalisation and convection). The characterization of a tumble-type flow illustrates the perspectives in the understanding of 3D movements of large scale organized structure. In turbulent flows met in engines, it is clear that the concept of swirl or tumble based on average measurements is not acceptable and the “average” data bases are not able to validate numerical results. It is therefore necessary to model the turbulent flows through its intensity and 3D structure shape as well as its instabilities met in every individual cycle
Ventre, Jeanne. "Modèles réduits d’écoulement sanguin dans les grandes artères : applications aux pathologies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS119.
Full textUnderstanding and predicting the hemodynamics of cardiovascular pathologies is crucial to improve the management and diagnosis of such diseases. Mathematical blood flow models are a suited alternative to classical approaches such as invasive measurements, data analysis methods, and medical imaging techniques. To be used as predictive tools for patient-specific studies, blood flow models need to be computed in real medical time, typically the diagnosis time. Three-dimensional models that simulate the interaction between the fluid and the mechanics of the arterial wall provide really precise data, however, they require important computational resources. Reduced-order models allow determining the pressure and flow fields with a low computational cost and in regions of the arterial network inaccessible to visualization techniques and invasive measurements. The goal of this thesis is therefore to derive a hierarchy of reduced-order models, from simple to complex, in order to study different pathologies as for instance vascular stenoses, or pulmonary hypertension