Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diagnostic environnemental'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Diagnostic environnemental.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Valat, Charlotte. "Développement d'outils biologiques pour le diagnostic environnemental." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EMSE0015.
Full textTo improve the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) management and detect the effects of pollutants according to their chemical and biological properties, two biological tools were developed in this thesis. The first tool is a luminescence-based test used to measure a new parameter ((ATP) / (ATP+ADP+AMP)), the Adenylic Charge (AC). The AC reflects the global biological activity (in the activated sludge). The results showed that the biodegradability of organic compounds as naphthalene, acetonitrile and their (acute) toxicity can be studied by the AC measurements. This parameter guarantees the follow-up of the WWTP disturbances. The AC can be used such as an alarm system in the WWTP framework management. The second more specific biologic tool was developed for the naphthalene (substance of priority interest (Directive 2000/60/CE)) and the product of its degradation (salicylic acid). This biosensor supplements the first tool and is applied to control polluted and treated waters. This biological sensor is composed of nah and sal operons responsible for the naphthalene degradation by P. Putida. The regulating sequences of interest were coupled with a reporter gene (eGFP), then, they are cloned and transfected in E. Coli DH5α. To improve the sensibility and to reduce the time measurement, several alternatives were envisaged (plasmid multicopy, modification of the molecular recognition system). The results showed a decrease in the time measurement and the basal level of the gene reporter expression
Gondran, Natacha. "Système de diffusion d'information pour encourager les PME-PMI à améliorer leurs performances environnementales." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804929.
Full textDesmet, Cloé. "Systèmes de détection multiparamétrique de marqueurs biologiques ou de polluants, appliqués au diagnostic et au contrôle environnemental." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10149/document.
Full textThe work reported in this thesis focuses on the development of new multiplex analytical devices on biochip or electrode microarray format, dedicated to diagnosis and environmental monitoring. The objective of the first research axis is diagnosis, thanks to the detection in patients’ serum of a panel of antibodies, biomarkers of a pathological state. For that purpose, two immunotests have been developed, enabling the multiparametric detection of specific antibodies by automated and high-throughput analysis of serum samples. This approach is based on the antibodies capture by antigens probes immobilized in a matrix of spots on a membrane surface composing the wells bottom of a micro-titer plate. Enzyme-labeled antibodies have been used, providing a colorimetric detection. This device enabled the achievement of the analysis of 96 samples in less than three hours and has been applied to different applications. The first one consists of allergy diagnosis, and the second focuses on cancer diagnosis. The second part of this work is applied to environmental monitoring, through water analysis. Different types of pollutants have been defined as targets: pesticides, toxins and explosives. In order to integrate them in a matrix of probes, different conjugates have been synthesized with these haptens. After screening and optimization of the conjugates through their reactivity and cross-reactivity with the specific antibodies, the developed device demonstrated his analytical performances in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. Finally, for the European Project BONAS, a last sensor based on water analysis has also been developed. This electrochemical microarray aims to detect explosives precursors, used in improvised explosive devices, for the localization of hidden bomb factory. The chip was designed as a screen-printed electrode network, which was modified by different metals electrodeposition
Blin, Manon. "Développement d'outils de diagnostic de terrain pour la détection de la schistosomiase : une approche One Health." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0038.
Full textIt is now evident that environmental degradation can facilitate the transmission of infectious diseases, particularly by bringing humans into closer proximity with vectors or animals. In the case of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), the World Health Organization (WHO) is endeavoring to mobilize institutions and the scientific community by identifying, for each NTD, existing gaps in clinical diagnostic needs, the criteria required for their development, and the strategies to be adopted to combat the disease. Among them, schistosomiasis, the second most prevalent human parasitic disease, suffers from a distinct lack of diagnostic tools that combine sensitivity and deployability to detect cases with low parasitic intensity in endemic areas. Additionally, such tools are needed to facilitate animal and environmental diagnosis, enabling an integrated approach to disease control. The objectives of this thesis align with the One Health strategy, proposing the development and application of field-friendly diagnostic tools for humans, animals, and the environment. Ongoing efforts in research, development, prevention, treatment, and awareness are essential to achieve a world where Schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases cease to threaten human health
Ponton, Martin. "Diagnostic et perspectives d'un système de gestion des déchets domestiques urbains : le cas de Santiago de los Cabaileros en République Dominicaine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11451.
Full textLesur, Claire. "Cultiver Miscanthus x giganteus en parcelles agricoles : du diagnostic agro-environnemental à la conception-évaluation ex ante de systèmes de culture à vocation énergétique." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0084/document.
Full textSecond-generation biofuels could provide renewable energy while reducing the globaleconomy dependence on oil and mitigating climate change. However, their greenhouse gasemission balances, as well as their energy and environmental balances, are discussed,especially when they are produced from agricultural feedstock. The use of agriculturalfeedstock for energy purposes also raises the issue of competition with food production. Inthis context, this work contributes to the assessment of the sustainability of Miscanthus xgiganteus, a perennial C4 crop candidate to the production of second-generation ethanol. Theobjectives of this work are (i) to achieve a multicriteria evaluation of cropping systems basedon M. Giganteus using data collected in farmers’ fields and (ii) to compare these croppingsystems with cropping systems including other resources Agricultural candidates for biofuelproduction. The main contributions of this work are (i) the study of the variability of yieldsand winter nitrate losses in a network of commercial fields located in Burgundy (France), (ii)the characterization by modeling of M. giganteus long-term yield evolution and (iii) theintegration of these findings in a process of cropping systems design and assessment aimingat comparing M. giganteus with other feedstock candidate to the production of bioethanol.The study of M. giganteus in farmers’ fields shows that the high variability of yields andnitrate losses is linked to (i) crop age, (ii) soil type and (iii) the type of field (i.e. culturalhistory, size, shape, and environment). Contrasting yield scenarios, built by combining datacollected in commercial fields with a long-term yield evolution model, show that thesensitivity of assessment results regarding yields depends on the assessment field. Theinsertion of M. giganteus in a cropping system can significantly improve the greenhouse gasemission balance as well as the environmental balance, compared with a cropping systembased on a short cropping sequence. Economic results depend strongly on M. giganteus yield.Other agricultural feedstocks are also interesting, especially on soils where the yield potentialof M. giganteus is low: this is particularly the case of alfalfa stems, which can be used forsecond-generation ethanol production
Thieffin, Jean-Marc. "Diagnostic pour un développement économique par la relance des activités du tourisme : le cas des communes de Rimplas, St Martin Vésubie, Valdeblore et Venanson dans le département des Alpes Maritimes." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE2007.
Full textDiop, Amadou. "Diagnostic des pratiques d'utilisation et quantification des pesticides dans la zone des Niayes de Dakar (Sénégal)." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959895.
Full textMulero, Stephen. "Développement d’outils d’écologie moléculaire pour un suivi intégratif des maladies transmises par les mollusques d’eau douce dans un contexte d’émergences et de changements globaux A Multiplex Rapid Diagnostic PCR (RD-PCR) approach for xenomonitoring of human and animal schistosomiases in a One Health context Genetic diversity and relationships of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) with native and introduced definitive and intermediate hosts Simultaneous genotyping of gastropods and their trematode parasites using Amplicon Sequencing Pre-zygotic isolation mechanisms between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis parasites: from mating interactions to differential gene expression." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0023.
Full textGlobal changes, whether climatic or anthropogenic, have various consequences in human and animal health, as well as for worldwide ecosystems. One of the most important is the modification of geographical ranges of species and those of their associated pathogens. It is in this context that in recent years we have witnessed a resurgence in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases around the world. While research efforts in this field are mainly focused on viral diseases, freshwater snail-borne diseases, that affect more than 1 billion peoples around the world, are also subject to these outbreaks, which have become frequent. However, the study of the dynamics of parasites associated with these diseases focuses primarily on the diagnosis and treatment of the definitive hosts, particularly humans. Such an approach does not prevent the transmission of these parasites to humans and even less prevent an emergence event, and the existing tools used to monitor these parasites in the environment are difficult to apply at large scale. This thesis work, therefore aims to provide a more environmental vision of the dynamics of these diseases. With the example of the emergence of urogenital bilharziasis in Corsica, we analysed this emergence by integrating the study of the life history traits of the tropical parasite in question, particularly its thermo tolerance, as well as the role of mollusc intermediate hosts and wild and domestic definitive hosts in the local maintenance of the parasite lifecycle. In a second step, we have developed environmental DNA diagnostic tools for the detection of molluscs hosts in the environment in order to identify areas at risk of emergence, as well as tools for intramolluscal detection of schistosomes to identify active sites of transmission, and thus allow the environmental monitoring of the actors of these diseases. To complete these approaches, we have developed a more generalised environmental metabarcoding tool to characterise freshwater mollusc communities and initiated the development of a similar tool for the characterisation of trematode communities, in order to study the interactions between these organisms. Lastly, we discuss the integration of all these elements into new control strategies against snail-borne diseases
Ba, Awa. "Les fonctions reconnues à l'agriculture intra et périurbaine (AIPU) dans le contexte dakarois : caratérisation, analyse et diagnostic de durabilité de cette agriculture en vue de son intégration dans le projet urbain de Dakar (Sénégal)." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/4646/01/These_Dr_Awa_BA.pdf.
Full textA l’instar de ce qui est constaté dans d’autres pays du Sud, la population urbaine de Dakar croît rapidement, tant par le croît naturel que l’immigration. Cela pose, entre autres, les questions de l’approvisionnement alimentaire, notamment en produits frais et de la gestion durable des espaces ouverts : les Niayes et les zones agricoles en périphérie de Rufisque. Aussi, deux programmes sont en cours à Dakar : le PASDUNE et les Microjardins, réactualisent la nécessité d’examiner la place d’une agriculture durable dans le fonctionnement de cette région capitale. La problématique présente les concepts d’ griculture urbaine, multifonctionnalité de l’agriculture et ville durable ainsi que le contexte. La méthodologie repose sur des enquêtes auprès de six catégories d’acteurs (agriculteurs, commerçants et bana-banas, consommateurs, élus, planificateurs et aménageurs et agents du conseil et de l’encadrement technique agricoles) pour tester les trois hypothèses suivantes : différentes fonctions sont reconnues aux Niayes et à l’agriculture ; les fonctions économiques prédominent ; cette reconnaissance fonctionnelle est importante pour maintenir une agriculture in situ. Nos résultats montrent que : - même si toutes les catégories d’acteurs sont conscientes du rôle alimentaire de proximité que joue l’agriculture intra et périurbaine à Dakar, les acteurs de la filière agricole – agriculteurs, intermédiaires (commerçants et bana-banas) et consommateurs – plébiscitent les fonctions économiques alors que les décideurs – élus, planificateurs et aménageurs et agents du conseil et de l’encadrement technique agricoles – mettent en avant les fonctions environnementales et paysagères (poumon vert) ; - à partir de la typologie fine que nous avons construite, il existe une grande diversité des types de systèmes de production et d’activité dans les quatre zones clé (avec ou sans Niayes, dans ou hors du tissu urbain dense) d’agriculture que nous avons identifiées. De plus, la durabilité intrinsèque et exogène des exploitations, au sens de Godard et Hubert (2002), est variable selon les types de systèmes de production et d’activité et les zones ; - les intermédiaires et les consommateurs accordent beaucoup d’importance à la fraîcheur et au prix bon marché des produits de Niayes mais certains évoquent la limite de l’utilisation des pesticides et des eaux usées urbaines sur certains sites et considèrent les produits micro-jardins comme plus sains. Enfin, la discussion confronte nos résultats avec la bibliographie et relève les limites de notre étude tout en soulignant les perspectives scientifiques et opérationnelles qu’elle offre. Notre travail montre la grande diversification de l’agriculture dakaroise et la nécessité d’instaurer une médiation entre les catégories d’acteurs pour une agriculture durable, un cadre de vie meilleur et une ville durable
As it is generally noted in other developing countries, the urban population of Dakar is fast growing, due to natural growth and immigration. This situation raises, among others, the issues of food supply, particularly fresh produces and sustainable management of opened spaces: Niayes and agricultural areas in the surroundings of Rufisque. Moreover, two programs ongoing in Dakar: the PASDUNE (Program of actions for protection and urban development of the Niayes and green zones of Dakar) and the Microgardens are re-actualizing the necessity to examine the place of a sustainable agriculture in the working of this capital region. The problematic presents the concepts of urban agriculture, multifunctionality of agriculture and sustainable city and the context. The methodology is based on surveys of six categories of actors (farmers, retailers and bana-banas, consumers, elected people, planners and agents of the agricultural council and technical training) to test the three following hypotheses: different functions are recognized to Niayes and agriculture; economic functions predominate; this functional recognition is important to maintain agriculture in situ. Our results show that: - even if all categories of actors are aware of the food supply role of the intra and periurban agriculture in Dakar, the actors of the agricultural sector - farmers, middlemen (retailers and bana-banas) and consumers – place in a prominent position the economic functions while decision-makers - elected people, and agents of the agricultural council and technical training - put forward environmental and landscape (green lung) functions; - From the thorough typology we built, there is a great diversity of production and activity’s systems in the four key areas (with or without Niayes, near or far from the city) of agriculture we have identified. Moreover, intrinsic and exogenous sustainability of farms, in the meaning of Godard and Hubert (2002), is variable depending on the types of production and activity’s systems and the areas; - The middlemen and consumers give great importance to the freshness and the cheapness of Niayes produces but some of them have talked about the limit of using wastewater and pesticides in some sites and have considered that micro-gardens’ produces are more wholesome. At last, the discussion compares our results with the bibliography and notes the limits of our study while stressing the scientific and operational perspective it offers. Our work shows the great diversification of Dakar’s agriculture and the necessity to set up mediation between the different categories of actors in order to promote a sustainable agriculture, a better living environment and a sustainable city
Buchheit, Pauline. "Le recueil de multiples finalités de l'environnement en amont d'un diagnostic de vulnérabilité et de résilience : Application à un bassin versant au Laos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IAVF0008.
Full textLao PDR is a landlocked country with low population density, which stands nowadays in a process of regional economic integration, after suffering wars related to decolonization and Cold War during several decades. A very fast economic growth, based on the development of infrastructures of transport and natural resource exploitation, has led to large differentiated impacts on populations and their resource based livelihoods. The concepts of resilience and vulnerability have been used in different disciplines to analyze and manage the dynamics of geographical areas and social groups facing rapid and uncertain changes. Both concepts are used within a variety of frameworks of analysis of society-environment relationships. While all reviewed frameworks take into account multiple scales of analysis in order to tackle the complexity of the studied phenomena, they do not, however, assess vulnerability and resilience at the same scales. In particular, some frameworks are actor-centered, while others are system-centered. The scale and limit of the socioecological system whose resilience or vulnerability is assessed depend on the issues that the authors want to tackle. Before such an assessment, it seems necessary to identify the issues of resilience and vulnerability that we want to address. This task should not be taken over by scientists alone, but by other stakeholders as well. The question is: how can we incorporate multiple viewpoints in the system design? For this, our framework considers a socioecological system both as a specific representation of the environment offered by a stakeholder, and as a set of elements contributing to one function. This system is organized in a hierarchy of levels of observation, in which each level corresponds to an intermediary function. We developed and tested a process to collect system representations of the environment from various stakeholders, that is to say, the way they structure a socioecological system that makes sense to them, according to the purposes that they assign to their environment. This approach has been tested in the catchment area of the Nam Lik river, Fuang district, Vientiane province, where the Nam Lik 1-2 hydropower dam was built in 2010. A series of workshops were held with residents of the study area, employees of local government and Lao National University teachers. At the earliest stage of a vulnerability or resilience assessment in the field study, this thesis proposes a reflection on the possible framings of these concepts, as well as methods to collect them from multiple stakeholders
Elmhadhbi, Elhoucine. "Mise au point de techniques immunochimiques pour le diagnostic de contaminants alimentaires et environnementaux." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066108.
Full textMartinez, André. "Eléments de diagnostic et d'optimisation du fonctionnement d'un entraînement électrique dans son environnement applicatif." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0121.
Full textMILCENT, EMMANUEL. "Mise au point d'un systeme optique ultra-rapide de diagnostic thermique en environnement severe." Rennes, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAR0006.
Full textRioult, Damien. "Motilité cellulaire et immunocompétente des hémocytes de mollusques marins : applications aux diagnostics environnementaux." Thesis, Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0020/document.
Full textMytilus edulis is a bivalve mollusk and sessile filter feeder. This organism has a major advantage, both in aquaculture and in many environmental monitoring programs as an indicator species of the level of contamination by xenobiotics. This manuscript provides a review of the current understanding of the mechanisms of innate immunity exclusively invertebrates, focusing particularly prevalent role of immunocompetent cells in M. edulis : hemocytes . Our results allow us to propose an hemocyte subpopulations classification. By conventional cytological staining, flow cytometry equipped with a Coulter volume and characterization of cell motilities by videomicroscopy (time-lapse), our results provide a description of the activities and interactions at least three hemocyte subpopulations: basophils, and eosinophils hyalinocytes . The rate of of hemocytes migration was measured in vitro by a new method, the tracking of nuclei in time-lapse. This approach allows quantifying the migratory activity of these cells and their perturbations, including environmental stress. The second axis consists of an analysis of the phenotype Multi Xenobiotic Resistance (MXR) in the hemocyte subpopulations. This work also indicates that carriers ABCC / MRP regulate cell motility, which opens important perspectives in terms of biology immunity and evaluation of the immunocompetence of these animals
Perez, Magali. "Développement de capteurs passifs pour le diagnostic et la gestion environnementale du cuivre en zone viticole." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3026/document.
Full textRepeated use of copper in Bordeaux mixture to fight against mildew has led to an accumulation of this metal in the vineyard soils. To assess the impact of this pollution, the quantification of this element in the soil is essential and more precisely the quantification of the bioavailable fraction which give an indication of the copper toxicity. For that, the passive samplers appear as reliable and efficient tools. However, due to diffusion principles which control the uptake by passive samplers, an optimization of the geometry seems to be necessary and induced this study through the development of a new passive sampler: the DMG (Diffusive MilliGels). The synthesis by millifluidic process confers a unique geometry; DMG are composed of ellipsoidal beads of around 1 mm diameter. First of all, their physico-chemical parameters were characterized and analytical methods and the exposure time were optimized as well. DMG were then tested for an environmental application and their ability to sample the labile fraction of copper was thus demonstrated. Namely, analysis of freshwater by DMG allowed highlighting the influence of organic matter on the fraction retained by this passive sampler and their ability to evaluate the copper toxicity was confirmed. For that, a living organisms Ceriodaphnia dubia was exposed in the same condition during a comparative ecotoxicological study. Moreover, the comparison between DMG, DGT and a Chelex column method showed the advantages of our developed method particularly for in situ application. Finally, a series of experiments on vineyard soils was performed to reveal the abilities of DMG in copper sampling in this complex matrix
Leston, Araujo Itaua. "Facteurs environnementaux et génétiques déterminant la fonction thymique chez l'adulte sain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC092.
Full textThe thymus is a vital organ for homeostatic maintenance of the peripheral immune system. Age-associated thymic involution is associated with a reduction in tissue mass and thymic cellularity, loss of tissue structure and abnormal architecture leading to a decline in naïve T cell output. However, with the exception of age, the underlying parameters that govern thymic function in healthy humans remain to be defined. We characterized the variability of thymic function among 1000 age- and sex-stratified healthy adults of the Milieu Intérieur cohort, using quantification of TRECs in peripheral blood T cells as a surrogate marker of thymopoiesis. Age and sex were the only nonheritable factors identified that affect thymic function. TREC amounts decreased with age and were higher in women compared to men of all ages. In addition, a genome-wide association study revealed a common variant (rs2204985) within the T cell receptor TCRA-TCRD locus, between the DD2 and DD3 gene segments, which associated with TREC amounts. This association was validated in a replication cohort (MARTHA cohort). Strikingly, transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells with the rs2204985 GG genotype into immunodeficient mice led to thymopoiesis with higher TRECs, increased thymocyte counts, and a higher TCR repertoire diversity. Our population immunology approach revealed a genetic locus that influences thymopoiesis in healthy children and adults, with potentially broad implications in precision medicine, especially in aging and vaccines, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and autoimmunity. This study leads also to further study the precise mechanisms of TCRA-TCRD rearrangements at early steps of thymopoiesis
Sallin, Mathieu. "Approche probabiliste du diagnostic de l'état de santé des véhicules militaires terrestres en environnement incertain." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC099.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the structural health analysis of the body of ground military vehicles. Belonging to the 20 - 30 tons range, such vehicles are deployed in a variety of operational contexts where driving conditions are severe and difficult to characterize. In addition, due to a growing industrial competition, the mobility function of vehicles is acquired from suppliers and is no longer developed by Nexter Systems. As a result, the complete definition of this function is unknown. Based on this context, the main objective of this thesis is to analyze the health of the vehicle body using a probabilistic approach in order to control the calculation techniques allowing to take into account the random nature of loads related to the use of ground military vehicles. In particular, the most relevant strategies for propagating uncertainties due to the terrain within a vehicle dynamics model are defined. This work describes how it is possible to manage an observation data measured in the vehicle for the purpose of assessing the reliability with respect to a given damage criterion. An application on a demonstrator entirely designed by Nexter Systems illustrates the proposed approach
Duval, Yohan. "Création automatisée de Scénarios de Formation pour l'enseignement d'activités métier dans un environnement informatique modulaire." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0004/document.
Full textThe work carried out during this PhD thesis is related to a common issue these days: offering new training methods to adapt to the evolution of our society and to the new available technologies. Our study focuses on the necessity of training professional activities which take place in various domains (health, automotive, aeronautics, etc.), and which are becoming more and more complex. Nowadays, there are tools that are adapted to the training of activities involving interactions with objects from the real word (serious games), and there are other tools that are suitable for training activities which only involve the use of one or several business software applications (software tutorials). However, there are no fitting tools for training activities which involve both types of operation. In this manuscript, we first describe the work we performed to bring an answer to this problematic. After having studied the respective features of serious games and software tutorials, we formalize the training tool that we have designed to homogenize the use of these two application categories in a unique computer environment. We then introduce two notions. The first one is the notion of Training Environment, which stands for the environment in which trainees will progress to accomplish the different lessons being available through the tool. In a complementary manner, we define the notion of Training Scenario, which precisely is the formal description of one lesson in the Training Environment, with all its components: activities to be performed, pedagogical elements, and playful elements.However, the implementation of such a tool is a very complex task for trainers which often do not have the required computing expertise. This observation comes in contradiction with the fact that these very trainers must be involved in the development process, because they are the ones who own the professional expertise and the pedagogical expertise associated with the activities to be trained. Thus, the study of methods and environments easing the creation of such tools represent a second research axis for this thesis. After having analyzed a set of textual and graphical languages, we first propose a Domain Specific Modeling Language allowing the description of our Training Scenarios. Second, we introduce the associated representation which, thanks to several graphical entities well-defined, allows trainers to describe their own scenarios in line with their skills and expertise. Last, we present the authoring tool that allows to ease the scenario description task for trainers, thanks to various features which aim at automating the process and promoting reutilization. These concepts shape the global methodology that we propose in this manuscript to make training scenarios creation in trainers reach.Finally, these works are illustrated through the implementation of various applications which aims at putting into practice our contributions in the industrial context of automotive diagnostic. We then present and evaluate the corresponding training tool and authoring tool which together assure a complete and plausible industrial process, from the training scenario description to its execution
Hartert, Laurent. "Reconnaissance des formes dans un environnement dynamique appliquée au diagnostic et au suivi des systèmes évolutifs." Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00549782.
Full textWang, Bin. "Observateurs d'état pour le diagnostic de comportement dynamique de véhicules automobiles en environnement réel de conduite." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016796.
Full textBlondel, François-Marie. "Diagnostic et aide en EIAO : étude d'un environnement d'aide à la résolution de problèmes en chimie." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0108_BLONDEL.pdf.
Full textGoarant, Cyrille. "Bactéries pathogènes, hôtes, et environnement : une approche multifactorielle pour l'étude de la leptospirose en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00495066.
Full textEast-Richard, Caroline. "Les atteintes cognitives transdiagnostiques en psychiatrie : l'influence des variables neurobiologiques, psychologiques et environnementales." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33350.
Full textCognitive impairments in psychiatric disorders have been widely documented in recent years. Moreover, several meta-analyses on this subject have been performed. However, with advances in cognitive neuroscience, another vision of psychiatric disorders has emerged: the transdiagnostic approach. This approach aims to document the common processes between psychiatric disorders and notably, it focuses on the common cognitive impairments between psychiatric disorders. Following the transdiagnostic approach, this thesis aimed to identify the transdiagnostic cognitive impairments as well as the neurobiological, psychological and environmental factors that may influence them. Specifically, the objectives were to identify transdiagnostic cognitive impairments in a large psychiatric population through a review of meta-analyses, and then to investigate whether such impairments remain the same within an adolescent psychiatric population with a history of maltreatment. This thesis thus includes two studies. The first study is a review of meta-analyses which documents transdiagnostic cognitive impairments in a large psychiatric population, according to different age groups. In general, this review highlighted cognitive impairments, particularly in executive functions and episodic memory, which were common across several psychiatric disorders. The second study is an empirical study comparing 27 adolescents with a history of maltreatment and psychiatric disorders to 30 healthy controls on cognitive, neurobiological, psychological and environmental variables. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether transdiagnostic cognitive impairments observed in a large psychiatric population (study 1) are the same in a psychiatric adolescent population with a history of maltreatment, as well as to identify the determinants of cognitive impairments in this vulnerable population. In general, this study found that lower cortisol levels (neurobiological determinant) and higher internalized symptoms (psychological determinant) predicted lower manipulation abilities in verbal working memory. Integrating the results of these two studies, this thesis has highlighted that the nature of transdiagnostic cognitive impairments changes little when an environmental variable is added (i.e. maltreatment), although the magnitude of some cognitive impairments is more important in a psychiatric adolescent population with a history of maltreatment.
Maillard, Anne. "Adaptations des végétaux à un environnement minéral fluctuant : mécanismes impliqués et interactions entre nutriments." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2012.
Full textMineral nutrition of plants is based on complex physiological and genetic mechanisms controlling nutrients uptake, their transport, accumulation, assimilation and remobilization. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved for each element and crosstalks between elements is required to optimize the acquisition and the use of nutrients available in the environment. In this context, we estimated the remobilization of 13 elements during leaf senescence in five crop species and three tree species. The potential of remobilization for each element was highly species-dependent. The nutrient remobilization efficiency may be affected by the duration of senescence, the development of new sinks (reproductive organs) or the availability of mineral elements in the soil solution. Further experiments were performed with rapeseed plants subjected to individual nutrient deficiencies to maximize the remobilization. In a second time, we have determined the impact of deprivation on the plant ionome. Eighteen situations of major increased uptake under mineral nutrient deprivations were identified, some of which have not been yet described. Additionally, Mo uptake which was strongly increased under S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn or B deprivations, was more particularly studied in order firstly to identify involved mechanisms and secondly to provide application of this knowledge for the development of a new early indicator of S nutrition: the [S]: [Mo] ratio
Brogat, Marine. "Développement d'une méthode d'extraction sur multiples phases solides (MSP2E) de micropolluants organiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S003/document.
Full textIn case of accidental or intentional pollution in aquatic environments, plans are implemented to use any and all recourses and tools available in order to evaluate and to characterize pollution. The current method involves a sampling on site followed by laboratory analysis. But, in case of significant pollution, a rapid decision is clearly needed. The thesis project arises in this context and has been the development of a rapid on-site analyzer for the detection of organic micropollutants in water especially in the context of accidental pollution. The aims of this project were to develop a method (MSP2E) of pre-concentration and fractionation of multiple solid phases followed by a elution step and UV detection. Eluting fractions are related to physico-chemical properties of the target compounds. A predictive approach has been established to determine a priori the fraction in which the molecules are eluted. The UV spectrum analysis may identify the molecule in the different fractions. A database was performed to identify the different characteristics (physico-chemical, eluting fraction, UV spectrum) and for the recognition of a molecule. As part of this work, a hundred molecules were studied alone or in mixture. Finally, the methodology has also been transposed to another application for the determination of doping in urine
Vignau-Laulhere, Jane. "Développement du préleveur passif pour la mesure du formaldehyde dans l'air en vue d'améliorer le diagnostic dans les environnements intérieurs." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3006/document.
Full textSince 2001 and the creation of a French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), indoor air quality has become a major public health issue. It is the subject of a regulatory framework that continues to evolve in recent years. Two recent decrees, in France, foresee the implementation of the labeling of building materials according to their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (decree n°2011-321, 23/03/2011) and the survey of air concentration of two pollutants (benzene and formaldehyde) with guide values in public buildings (n°2011-1728, 2/12/2012). Today, the analytical method used to measure formaldehyde concentration in air consists in a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) sampling cartridge which is analyzed by liquid chromatography after solvent extraction. This method is time consuming, expensive and complicated to perform. The company Ethera develops and markets specific, sensitive sensors for detection and measurement of formaldehyde with passive or active samplers. This sensor is based on a nanoporous matrix containing Fluoral-P (4-amino-3-penten-2-one), which selectively reacts with formaldehyde to produce a colored compound the 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL). DDL is detected at 420nm by optical reading and the difference of the optical density measured before and after exposition of the sensor is directly proportional to the concentration of formaldehyde in air. The purpose of this thesis is to improve the performance of passive samplers. The different phases of the development of passive samplers are studied (design, evaluation in environmental chamber) with different approaches and methodologies. In fact, two axis of study are considered: a theoretical approach and laboratory tests. Theoretical approach will be implemented to optimize a passive sampler or for sizing a new one based on the study of theoretical sampling rates. Laboratory tests will allow to assess metrological parameters of passive samplers (detection limit, sensitivity, repeatability, linearity…) and to estimate effects of exposure factors (temperature, relative humidity, concentration levels …)
Hutagalung, Rory Anthony. "Évolution du peuplement piscicole de la Garonne à Toulouse dans un environnement anthropise : analyses biologique et écologique." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT018A.
Full textBahi, Manoubi Auguste. "Mise au point de nouvelles techniques de diagnostic fiabilité et de qualification pour les composants électroniques dédiés à l'environnement automobile haute température." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=8b72b1bb-9963-41dd-8c7b-58e45bced161.
Full textThe evolution of reliability insurance systems for electronic components in the automotive industry involves the creation of new approaches in order to evaluate component reliability at high temperature. In this context, we developed new techniques of reliability diagnosis and qualification at high temperature for electronic components at the “Packaging” level. We firstly identified the major failure mechanisms related to the Kirkendall voids, a consequence of the intermetallic thickness growth Au-Al causing the interconnection failure. Secondly, we studied the influence of package geometry on ball bond robustness in high temperature storage, which was proved to be the most important technological parameter. This study allowed us to evaluate the reliability of many kinds of packages (SOIC and TQFP). To extend the qualification domain at high temperature (150°C grade 0) for large package sizes and to prolong the safe operation period, we evaluated the improvement provided by the addition of Pd or Cu as alloying elements to Au bonding wires. This improvement allows insuring a better Au-Al interconnection reliability. In addition, we demonstrated the contribution of combined environmental stresses to the electronic components qualification at the “packaging’’ level and proposed two optimized package sequential tests. The diagnostic methods implemented during this research led to the creation of procedures for the evaluation of reliability and for failure analysis. Finally, we developed and implemented two new measurement methods of "packaging" degradation: the first allows us to follow the delamination evolution and the second to measure the resistance variations of each Au-Al interconnection while aging in-situ
Guérin, Julie. "Diagnostic agroenvironnemental de la fertilisation phosphatée des cultures maraîchères en sols organiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26520/26520.pdf.
Full textZapletal, Eric. "Un environnement collaboratif sur Internet pour l'aide au consensus en anatomie pathologie : la plateforme IDEM." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066590.
Full textHeslouin, Charlotte. "Prise en compte des acteurs de la chaîne de valeur dans l’analyse de la performance environnementale pour éco-concevoir et inciter à une éco-utilisation : cas appliqué aux produits consommateurs d’énergie unités de réfrigération pour le transport routier." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0056/document.
Full textTo implement ecodesign strategies, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental performance. The use of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPI) is a good way to achieve this. These EPI, to be effective, must be adapted to the various value chain actors, internal and external to the company, susceptible to be involved in the improvement of the environmental performance. These different actors have different needs regarding information (details, type of information) and these needs may be contradictory. In this work, we propose a method for selecting EPI that take into account the value chain actors and their needs. Once the EPI have been defined, they must be able to assess the situation, define ecodesign strategies and monitor the evolution of environmental performance. For some energy-using products, the usage scenario can significantly vary the environmental performance. A focus is thus put on the development of sustainable behavior strategies. It is necessary that the strategies put in place allow customers/users to reduce their environmental impact and that the company takes a competitive advantage while improving the environmental performance of its products. In this study, this is reflected in: 1) the adaptation of existing ecodesign tools for the integration of value chain actors; 2) the definition of a method of personalized diagnosis of the use of products. These methods have been applied and validated by the case study of road transport refrigeration units
Narce, Cécile. "Système interactif d'aide à la décision pour la supervision et la formation environnementale appliquées aux entreprises de traitement de surface." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783795.
Full textVadrot, Cyril. "Mise au point d'une méthode de détection du bacille de la tuberculose et application pour l'étude de lieux à risques." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05P626.
Full textTuberculosis remains a health problem in many developed countries. It should be beneficial to obtain a non-invasive tool to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in environment. A semi-quantitative approach for a bioaerosol monitoring of M. Tuberculosis based on a DNA diagnostic involving the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adapted for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in different indoor locations. The method was assessed by tests in hospital rooms (in the presence of tuberculosis patients, in a bronchoscopy room, in mycobacteria laboratory and in a bus carrying homeless people. The method was put into practice, with positive results in hospital rooms where tubercular pneumonia patients were hospitalized during the first days after the diagnosis and in the mycobacteria laboratory. These methods could be adapted to study environmental spreading of M. Tuberculosis airborne particles expelled from the human respiratory tract and applied to risk-assessment studies
Faucher, Benoit. "Epidémiologie des protozooses autochtones en PACA : de l'optimisation du diagnostic à l'éco-épidémiologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5091/document.
Full textThe epidemiology of Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii in the Mediterranean basin has been studied for more than a century. Yet, our understanding of these diseases must be updated because ongoing environmental modifications impact their distribution, because affected population change, and because new technical and statistical tools have become available. We first reviewed scientific literature about visceral leishmaniasis. Then, we conducted a clinical study about autochtonous mucosal leishmaniasis due to L. infantum: we showed that this disease was characterized by underrecognition, low local invasiveness, and risk of visceral spreading. Afterwards, an eco-epidemiological study showed that foci of leishmanisis involved different biotopes in South-Eastern France: we specifically highlighted a urban transmission in the Marseille focus. Finally, an entomological survey confirmed this urban transmission and addressed cocirculation with phleboviruses.Then, we studied congenital toxoplasmosis. We contributed to improve technical performances of current screening strategy: we first showed that an optimized extraction of Toxoplasma DNA from amniotic fluid using NucliSENS easyMAG proved superior to manual extraction using QIAamp DNA minikit. Then, we found that comparison of mother and child antibodies that target high-molecular-mass Toxoplasma gondii antigens by immunoblotting improves neonatal diagnosis. Finally, we reported the 16-year long evolution of 127 children congenitally infected with T. gondii and showed that despite early treatment 19% of children finally developed chorioretinitis
Martin, Bruno. "Diagnostic comportemental et cognitif des erreurs dans la résolution de problèmes arithmétiques." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080084/document.
Full textResearch in psychology and in Intelligent Learning Environment (ILE) share the goal of a better understanding of the subject, more precisely in its modeling with strong educative perspectives. This Ph.D. Thesis, intrinsically interdisciplinary, aims to strengthen the link between experimental psychology and ILEs, especially in the domain of arithmetical word problem solving (WP) while addressing the more general issue of the integration of cognitive models in the ILEs. In the first part, a behavioral diagnostic module is presented, with a test-based methodology to assess its relevance in the context of experimental psychology studies. A better understanding of word problem solving behavior is a prerequisite of the development of any cognitive diagnostic module. This is the core of the second part, which presents the cognitive models put in place and compare their productions with human data. It has been shown that a large part of WP solving behavior can be explained via the light of keyword-based strategy and the alteration of the meaning of textual propositions. In the last part, in order to address the issue of individual cognitive diagnosis, a metric quantifying the fit of the diagnosis has been developed. A software has also been developed, allowing to build and test simple cognitive models over data coming from ILEs. This metric and this software have been used concretely within the context of an experimentation involving word problem solving
Dribek, Abderraouf. "Vers un tourisme durable en Tunisie : le cas de l'île de Djerba." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0080/document.
Full textTourism is a significant resource for Tunisia. Its economic impacts on the country are considerable (6% of GDP and over 386 000 direct and indirect jobs in 2009). But today, the tourism sector is facing many difficulties. This thesis is part of a plan to boost tourism in Tunisia. It is structured in two parts. The first diagnosis of the Tunisian tourism sector shows that it suffers on two levels: strategic (management is left to the private sector without government intervention, which leads to low profitability of some hotels, a high debt because of the pricing practice and the family business model) and qualitative (over-reliance on the Fordist model). The thesis discusses the limitations of Fordism quantitative, and demonstrates that a new reading of the tourism market is needed to achieve sustainable economic performance. From this perspective, the implementation of economic and environmental assessments is required. In the second part on the thesis, envisions a new trajectory for a specific territory (Djerba Island), it is to think of new trajectories. The work demands the search of relevant indicators of economic and environmental quality in order to assess the best methodologies to improve the assessment of the profitability of the tourism sector. Economically, the study proposes a new method for assessing the economic impact of tourism on the island of Djerba. This method called "method of the masses", builds on the theory of growth or development. It requires the determination of direct, indirect and induced activities. The indicators measured are: Value Added (VA), Earnings Before Interests, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) and Employment (E). The results show that the most direct activities that generate wealth and jobs are hotels. For indirect activities, it is the consumption of food products, agricultural products and fisheries. These results may provide a basis upon which for policy-makers may evaluate future tourism development projects. In terms of assessing the importance of the environment, it allows the Djerbian tourism to defend its future. This evaluation will also examine the environmental dimension and provides an analysis of regulatory instruments in place in Djerba and seeks to integrate new instruments proposed by the World Tourism Organization which objective is to search for sustainable development of tourism activity to conserve the natural wealth of the island
Alfonsi, Elsa. "Processus d’assemblage des communautés végétales dans les zones humides de Gironde : du diagnostic aux services écosystémiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0092/document.
Full textWetlands are dynamic ecosystems, constantly changing in time and space, and remaining among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. This thesis contribute to wetland knowledge and conservation. We studied the vegetation of different communities belonging to a network of wetlands in Gironde and ranging from wet heathlands to alluvial meadows. Wetlands were selected from the department council historical interest and management issues. We used several descriptive and experimental approaches. The first part aims to study the organization of the communities of the two major systems, heathlands and alluvial grasslands, along environmental gradients. Then, in a second time, an approach combining old and recent data allowed us to characterize long-term vegetation changes according to different strategies of vegetation study. The third part was conducted on a plant community with a strong conservation issue: Molinia caerulea wet meadow (Code 6410 of the Natura 2000 Directive) with an experimental approach. We highlight here the importance of stochastic filters (seed dispersion) and deterministic filters (competition) in a community controlled by environmental constraints (flooding). Finally, within a prospective analysis, we considered biodiversity issues and supply in ecosystems services at the departmental level. This analysis investigate tools to develop for a multi-taxon and multi-service approach in any Gironde wetlands. This work allowed us to create a monitoring device for plant biodiversity in the department. These results lead to consider nowadays the management of these plant communities in an integrated way and offer tools of decision support for the management of these communities
Casagrande, Marion. "Evaluation précoce des performances du blé biologique (rendement et teneur en protéines) : une approche combinée de diagnostic agronomique, de modélisation à l'aide d'indicateurs de nuisibilité et d'études des pratiques dans les exploitations agricoles." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004736.
Full textGuinchat, Vincent. "Les comorbidités cliniques de l'autisme : une interface entre le syndrome autistique et ses causes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066366/document.
Full textSuccessive definitions of autism did not reduce the extent of its clinical heterogeneity. This limits progress in understanding its etiological basis and the implementation of targeted therapeutic strategies. Comorbid disorders with autism are a complex issue because their frequency is one of the core features of clinical heterogeneity. We hypothesize that they are a better etiological clue than behavioral clinical syndromes. Our first study explores the initial instinctive concerns of parents of autistic children based on 459 open-Labelled questionnaires. Parents identify a set of symptoms comorbid to autism at a very early stage in their child's development The second study lists all the pre, peri and neonatal risk factors which have a significant, although moderate, effect on autism. .The third study lists in great detail all of the major causes of autism in a clinical epidemiological sample of 183 children with a typical autism. The 36 genetic diagnoses represent 58% of all causes which leaves a significant proportion of neurodevelopmental disorders of environmental or cryptogenic origin. The clinical, genetic and environmental differences that we identified between a non-Syndromic and syndromic autism (with comorbidities) validate the hypothesis that comorbidities are linked to a more general dysfunction and contribute to distinguishing the etiologies and provide practical information on the prognosis. A dimensional approach which includes comorbid disorders is prone to establish a fine-Grained taxonomy that point to distinct etiopathological processes
Bourrier, Yannick. "Diagnostic et prise de décision pédagogique pour la construction de compétences non-techniques en situation critique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS002/document.
Full textNon-technical skills (NTS) are a set of metacognitive abilities that complement technical skills and allow for a safe and efficient technical activity. They play an important role during the handling of critical situations, in many domains, including driving or acute medicine. This thesis work focused on the building of a virtual environment for learning (VEL), dedicated to the training of these non-technical skills, through the experience of critical situations. The main contributions target two fundamental aspects with regards to the construction of such a VEL. First, we focused our efforts on the conception of an architecture able to diagnose a learner’s NTS. This is an ill-defined problem, given the low degree of domain knowledge, the real time aspects of this learning process, and the unique relations between criticality, technical, and non-technical skills. This architecture combines domain knowledge, machine learning, and a Bayesian network, to cross the semantic gap between the learner’s perceptual-gestural activity inside the VEL, and the diagnostic of high level, cognitive, NTS. Second, we built a pedagogical module, able to make decisions based on the diagnostic module, in order to build a « journey through criticality » adapted to each of our learners’ characteristics, in order to strengthen said their NTS. This module associates the knowledge about the learner obtained by the Bayesian network, with a reinforcement-learning « multi-armed bandit » algorithm, to reinforce the learner’s NTS through time. Experiments were conducted in order to validate our modelling choices. These experiments were first conducted on real user data, obtained during training sessions performed on a « large scale » driving simulator, in order to evaluate the robustness of the Bayesian network as well as its ability to provide varied diagnostics given its inputs. We then built a synthetic dataset in order to test the pedagogical module, more specifically its capabilities to provide adapted learning situations to learners of different profiles, and to contribute to these learner’s acquisition of NTS through time
Tebi, Ambroise. "Évaluation des critères de diagnostic de la malnutrition proteino-energétique chez les personnes âgées : Étude sur 668 sujets hospitalisés et sur 104 témoins." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10057.
Full textAboubaker, Osman Djaltou. "Epidémiologie des mycobactéries en Polynésie française." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5033/document.
Full textTuberculosis is caused by a group of phylogenetically close infectious agents forming the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, consisting of ten species. M. tuberculosis is a slow growing bacterium which form rough colonies. The complex also includes M. tuberculosis tubercle bacilli forming smooth rapidly-growing colonies isolated from clinical specimens in humans. Our review of articles on these strains showed that the first three isolates were obtained from patients in France, Madagascar and French Polynesia by Georges Canetti between 1968 and 1970. Following the isolation of a smooth strain from cervical ganglion of a Somali 2 year-old child in 1997, the tubercle bacilli were named "Mycobacterium canettii". Today, less than a hundred of these strains were isolated from patients exposed to countries forming the Horn of Africa, especially the Republic of Djibouti, which has the highest prevalence. As showed in our revue, one smooth tubercle bacilli was isolated in Frenche Polynesia. To see if such strains persist there, we performed the genotyping of 34 isolates of M. tuberculosis and 87 isolates of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from French Polynesia. We have described two new strains of M. tuberculosis and a new species of mycobacterium tuberculosis not. We considered, on the basis of our data, a transmission through the digestive tract for "M. canettii" and we tested the resistance "Mr. canettii" to heat. We observed the growth of the latter between 25°C and 45°C. The data we got here could form a basis to elucidate the reservoirs and sources of smooth strains
Leblanc, Florian. "Controverses économiques et environnementales autour des hydrocarbures non conventionnels : les enseignements de la modélisation intégrée." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH116.
Full textFrom the perspective of economic and environmental controversies over unconventional oil and gas resources, this thesis contributes to the development of integrated modelling tools intwo aspects : their ability to reflect the long-term dynamics of energy markets ; and the consideration of the links between the economy and the dynamics of the various greenhouse gases.In the first case, a set of simulations with the Imaclim-R model highlights the economic impacts of shale gas and light tight oil through (i) the links between growth paths and technicalinertia ; (ii) the conditionality of US competitiveness gains on implicit or explained strategies ; and (iii) the conditionality of US competitiveness gains on this country implicit or explicit strategies in terms of international specialization and exchange rate regime. In the course of these simulations, we study (α) the adjustment processes towards the long-term equilibrium, looking at the conditions of existence and convergence of the model temporary equilibria ; (β) the tractability limits of a stylized model of Imaclim-R reproducing the main mechanisms.In the second case, the question of the role of methane in short and long term climate strategies is addressed. The integration of the Oscar2.2 Earth System model into the Imaclim-Rmodel is used to assess the role of methane in terms of mitigation costs and to assess the risk of emissions leakage at shale gas wellheads. The simulations show that, on the one hand, theeconomic advantage of shale gas availability can be balanced against the costs induced by these emissions leakage. On the other hand, the ambitous climate strategies aiming at limitingtemperature increases well below 2° or 1.5°C require a more instant control of methane
Nabet, Fouzi. "Etude du réajustement du lit actif en Loire moyenne, bilan géomorphologique et diagnostic du fonctionnement des chenaux secondaires en vue d'une gestion raisonnée." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001675.
Full textCoron, Laurent. "Les modèles hydrologiques conceptuelssont-ils robustes face à un climat en évolution ? Diagnostic sur un échantillon de bassins versants français et australiens." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00879090.
Full textBerkane, Bachir. "Vérification des systèmes matériels numériques séquentiels synchrones : application du langage Lustre et de l'outil de vérification Lesar." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340909.
Full textHan, Xu. "Sécurité des véhicules à roues en milieu tout terrain." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063386.
Full textAuxepaules, Ludovic. "Analyse des diagrammes de l'apprenant dans un EIAH pour la modélisation orientée objet - Le système ACDC." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455992.
Full textDanine, Abderrahim. "Modélisation de l'apprenant : application d'un modèle cognitif au développement d'un système d'apprentissage." Thèse, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3607/1/D1971.pdf.
Full text