Books: 'Diagnostic bias'

1

Kan, Hongjun. Does the Medicare Principal Inpatient Diagnostic Cost Group model adequately adjust for selection bias? Santa Monica, Calif: RAND Graduate School, 2002.

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2

Zhong yi zhen duan biao jie. Nanjing Shi: Jiangsu ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 2008.

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3

J, Caplan Paula, and Cosgrove Lisa, eds. Bias in psychiatric diagnosis / edited by Paula J. Caplan and Lisa Cosgrove. Lanham: Jason Aronson, 2004.

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4

Roades, Laurie Ann. Gender and race bias in the diagnosis of major depressive episode and alcohol dependence. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1994.

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5

Krouwer, Jan S. Method comparison and bias estimation using patient samples: Approved guidelines. 2nd ed. Wayne, Pa: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2010.

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6

Zhong yi bian zheng de ji qi tui yan. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2009.

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7

Jianzhang, Chen, ed. Zhong yi 150 zheng hou bian zheng lun zhi ji yao. Beijing Shi: Xue yuan chu ban she, 2003.

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8

Yongkun, Ding, ed. Ji guang guan xing yue shu ju bian zhen duan xue: Laser Inertial Confinement Fusion Diagnostics. Beijing: Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2012.

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9

Zhong yi zhi he: Bian zheng lun zhi de sheng ming zhe xue = Zhongyi zhi he : bianzheng lunzhi de shengming zhexue. Guilin Shi: Guangxi shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2011.

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10

Zhong yi xin bing zhen duan liao xiao biao zhun yu yong yao gui fan. Beijing: Beijing chu ban she, 2002.

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11

120 ji jiu zhong xin (zhan) biao zhun hua yun ying, guan li yu jiu jiu wang luo gui fan hua jian she shi yong quan shu. [Beijing]: Zhong ke duo mei ti dian zi chu ban she, 2004.

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12

Qing, Xie, ed. Bu gai ren nai de 18 zhong jian kang jing xun: Ju bei chang jian xiao bing tong de ji ben yi xue zhi shi , xue hui ji ji fang zhi dui ce, guan cha wei xian zhi biao, bi mian zhong zheng shang shen! Taibei Shi: Yuan liu chu ban shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2013.

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13

Kan shou zhi quan shen: Jie du zhang wen bian qing ti zhi fang bing you yang sheng : 9 zhong ti zhi, 4 da lei chang jian ji bing, zhang wen yu ce, zhen duan yu zhi liao. Taibei Shi: Shang qi zi xun gu fen you xian gong si, 2015.

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14

Parker, Lara, ed. Vagina Problems. USA: Brilliance Audio, 2020.

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15

Parker, Lara, ed. Vagina Problems. USA: St. Martins Griffin, 2020.

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16

Kan, Hongjun. Does the Medicare Principal Inpatient Diagnostic Cost Group Model Adequately Adjust for Selection Bias? RAND Corporation, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rgsd165.

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17

Eric, Peterson Leif, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. School of Public Health., and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., eds. Information bias and lifetime mortality risks of radiation-induced cancer : low LET radiation. Washington, D.C: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Regulatory Commission, 1994.

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18

Ryle, Cym Anthony. Risk and Reason in Clinical Diagnosis. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190944001.001.0001.

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This book provides, without the use of specialist language, a description of diagnostic reasoning and error and a discussion of steps that could improve diagnostic accuracy. Drawing on work in cognitive psychology, it presents the key characteristics of human reasoning. It notes that complex cognitive tasks such as medical diagnosis require a synergy of intuition and analytical thinking and introduces the concept of bias. The book considers the value of current classifications of disease, the meaning of diagnostic thresholds, and the potential for overdiagnosis. It examines the role of the patient-centred approach in this context. It develops a description of the diagnostic process, provides illustrative examples and metaphors, and refers to the dual-process model. It suggests that medical training does not consistently provide a coherent account of diagnostic thinking and the associated risks of error. It considers the role of probability in diagnostic reasoning, noting the contribution and the limitations of both informal and mathematical estimates. It refers to clear evidence that error in medical diagnosis is a prevalent and potent cause of harm and may result from systems factors or cognitive glitches such as bias and logical fallacy. It presents cases with commentaries, highlighting the cognitive processes in diagnostic successes, near misses, and disasters. It concludes with proposals for change, notably in institutional culture; in professional culture, education, and training; and in the structure of medical records. The book advocates the development and deployment of computerized diagnostic decision support. It argues that these changes could significantly enhance patient safety.

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19

DeMier, Richart L. High Stakes Indeed. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195385298.003.0011.

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This case explores situations working with capital punishment, including technical diagnostic issues, confirmatory bias, and the forensic evaluator's role in proceedings. The chapter presents a discussion of the key ethical issues, a summary of the primary ethical conundrums prevalent in the work setting, and a final reflection in retrospect regarding how the ethical quandary was handled.

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20

Josephson, Allan M. Ethical Issues Related to Religious Considerations in Psychiatric Diagnosis. Edited by John R. Peteet, Mary Lynn Dell, and Wai Lun Alan Fung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.003.0004.

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Diagnosis in psychiatry connotes thoroughly knowing the patient. This diagnostic approach of necessity includes consideration of the patient’s religious, spiritual, and worldview perspectives and commitments. This chapter reviews the clinical relevance of these considerations in dealing with moral distress, a loss of meaning, concerns about autonomy in relation to authority, and disordered behavior (e.g., personality disorders, conduct disorder). As the basis for effective treatment, diagnosis has important ethical implications. Harmful misdiagnosis can result from a truncated view of the person, from religious or pharmacological bias, or from cultural pressures to conform. This complexity requires clinicians to be aware of the influence of their own commitments. Both clinical observations and research efforts suggest that taking religion, spirituality, and worldview into account in making a diagnosis is congruent with ethical practice: It is good for the patient and can be done without doing harm.

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21

(Editor), Paula J. Caplan, and Lisa Cosgrove (Editor), eds. Bias in Psychiatric Diagnosis. Jason Aronson, 2004.

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22

J, Caplan Paula. Bias In Psychiatric Diagnosis. Jason Aronson, 2004.

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23

Bias in psychiatric diagnosis. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.

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24

Caplan, Paula J., Maureen McHugh, and Lisa Cosgrove. Bias in Psychiatric Diagnosis. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2004.

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25

DWASS, Emily. Diagnosis Female: How Medical Bias Endangers Women's Health. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.

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26

Dwass, Emily. Diagnosis Female: How Medical Bias Endangers Women's Health. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2022.

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27

Tran, Thanh V., Tam Nguyen, and Keith Chan. Concluding Comments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190496470.003.0007.

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The term culture should be understood from microlevels and macrolevels. Microlevel is the study of different subgroups within a society or a community such as race, ethnicity, religion, gender, language, and even political orientation. At the macrolevel, cross-cultural analyses can be viewed as the comparison of different nations and continents. Incorrect screening instruments or bias diagnostic procedures lead to false implementation of treatments, and false treatments can harm clients socially, psychologically, and financially. Cross-cultural measurement development requires the researchers to be aware of cultural nuances of the target culture. Researchers should consider gender differences within the target culture at every step of the instrument development. When an instrument is developed for two or more cultural groups, representatives of these groups must be invited to participate in the research process from the formulation of the research questions, conceptualization, and operationalization of research variables to questionnaire construction and interpretation of the results.

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28

Elwood, Mark. The diagnosis of causation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.003.0010.

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This chapter brings the book together, showing the overall scheme of assessment of causation for one study or in many studies, based on 20 questions in five sections. The scheme includes describing the key features of the study; then assessing observation bias, confounding, and chance variation. The chapter presents the consideration of the positive features of causation: the Bradford Hill guidelines of time relationship, strength, dose-response, consistency, and specificity, leading to an assessment of internal validity. External validity (generalisability) relates to the eligible, source, and target populations. Comparisons with other studies assess consistency and specificity further, but also plausibility and coherence, including analogy and experimental evidence. The chapter shows the overall decision process. Applications to non-causal associations, other types of study, and in designing a study are discussed. In part two, the chapter shows applications of causal reasoning to clinical care and health policy, including hierarchies of evidence, methods used by important groups, and the GRADE system.

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29

Trinh, Nhi-Ha T., and Justin A. Chen, eds. Sociocultural Issues in Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190849986.001.0001.

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This book explains fundamental concepts in cultural psychiatry using a case-based format and is geared toward clinicians and educators in the mental health fields. Whereas similar books have focused on providing guidelines for working clinically with specific populations, such as racial/ethnic or sexual/gender minorities, this book aims to expand the concept of culture as both multifactorial and dynamic, and to enhance knowledge and skills for translating theory into practice across diverse patient populations and clinical contexts. Chapters cover culture as a multidimensional construct; the way cultural issues have been treated in successive editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; global psychiatric epidemiology; social determinants of psychiatric illness; the checkered past of psychiatry as a profession; minority stress theory; explanatory models of mental illness; the roles that religion, spirituality, gender, and sexuality play in the psychiatric encounter; implicit bias; how to respond to patients who request a provider of a specific race or gender; handling cultural challenges; and teaching sociocultural psychiatry across the lifespan. The goal of the book is to educate mental health clinicians at all levels, whether trainees, junior faculty, or senior faculty engaged in lifelong learning.

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30

Gerken, Mikkel. Diagnosing Salient Alternative Effects. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803454.003.0011.

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Chapter 10 addresses the salient alternative effects on knowledge ascriptions by developing the epistemic focal bias account. According to this account, denials of knowledge in the face of a salient alternative often amount to false negatives. But while this is argued to be central to a comprehensive diagnosis, it is recognized that other psychological factors may also influence this class of judgments, and some of these are discussed. Furthermore, the epistemic focal bias account is integrated with a number of assumptions drawn from cognitive pragmatics. In this manner, Chapter 10 provides an empirical account and philosophical diagnosis of the puzzling pattern of knowledge ascriptions constituted by salient alternative effects.

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31

Curtis, Hilary Anne. Gender bias in the diagnosis of conduct disorder the effect of client gender. 2000.

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32

Cai, Wenju. Zhong yi shi meng bian zhi. Xue yuan chu ban she, 1991.

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33

Corporation, Market Intelligence Research, ed. Molecular probe markets: Hoffmann-La Roche bids for dominance. Mountain View, CA: Market Intelligence, 1992.

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34

Young, Gerald. Malingering, Feigning, and Response Bias in Psychiatric/ Psychological Injury: Implications for Practice and Court. Springer, 2016.

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35

Young, Gerald. Malingering, Feigning, and Response Bias in Psychiatric/ Psychological Injury: Implications for Practice and Court. Springer, 2014.

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36

Young, Gerald. Malingering, Feigning, and Response Bias in Psychiatric/ Psychological Injury: Implications for Practice and Court. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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37

(Editor), Jim Hom, and Robert L. Denney (Editor), eds. Detection of Response Bias in Forensic Neuropsychology (Monograph Published Simultaneously As the Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 3/4&1/2) (Monograph ... of Forensic Neuropsychology, 3/4&1/2). Haworth Medical Press, 2003.

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38

van Schalkwyk, Gerrit I., and Wendy K. Silverman. Anxiety Disorders. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.20.

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Anxiety disorders are highly common in children and adolescents and are associated with significant impairment. This group of disorders includes a broad range of specific diagnoses that often co-occur. Well-established assessment measures exist to facilitate accurate differential diagnosis and characterization of anxiety disorders. Evidence-based treatments also are available. Cognitive behavior therapy has a uniquely broad and robust evidence base, although newer treatments such as attention bias modification training and parent accommodation interventions are the source of growing attention. Current research in the field includes attempts at understanding the basic nature of anxiety disorders, the development of new treatments, and innovative approaches to addressing the key challenge of limited access to treatment.

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39

Haque, Omar Sultan, Alicia Lu, Daniel Wu, Lisa Cosgrove, and Harold J. Bursztajn. Curing Financial Conflicts of Interest in Psychiatric Professional Organizations. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.56.

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Most of the attention to the problem of financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) in psychiatry has centered on the actions of individuals. But what if the problem is much larger, and has infected entire organizations? Using the conceptual, and normative framework of “institutional corruption,” we describe how organized psychiatry has developed values, norms, and practices that have undermined its public health mission. Specifically, we argue that institutionalized FCOI have distorted the evidence base upon which psychiatric research, diagnosis, and treatment depends. We argue that current strategies such as simple transparency of commercial ties and “managing” FCOI are insufficient and vulnerable to gamesmanship. Following the IOM’s most recent (2011) recommendations for preventing bias when there are academic–industry relationships, we offer ideas for responding to the ethical and intellectual crisis in psychiatry, and emphasize the importance of training practitioners to think critically when assessing the evidence base of industry-sponsored research.

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40

Erickson, Peter G. Sex bias in ratings of alcohol dependence and major depression: The effects of client sex, clinician sex, and clinician gender schema on ratings of symptom severity. 1990.

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41

Matusiewicz, David, ed. Smarte Medizin. Hogrefe AG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/86172-000.

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Für alle Felder der Medizinberufe hat sich das Arbeitsleben gravierend verändert: Für Ärzt*innen bedeutet dies eine Versorgung zwischen den beiden Extremen: Tradition und Innovation. Dazu zählen Themen wie digitale Infrastruktur, elektronische Patientenakten, digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen, genbasierte Therapien, digitale Therapeutika, digitale Diagnostik-Methoden bis hin zur Telemedizin und einer neuen Art der Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation. In Form von strukturierten Interviews geben ausgewählte Experten aus Klinik und Praxis aber auch Gesundheitswirtschaft einen praxisnahen Einblick in die digitale Transformation der jeweiligen Teilbereiche der Medizin (A wie Arbeitsmedizin bis Z wie Zahnmedizin) und einen spannenden Ausblick auf zukünftige Handlungsfelder. Welche Chancen und Grenzen bietet die Digitalisierung der jeweiligen Disziplin, wie entwickeln sich benachbarte medizinische Disziplinen? Beispiele aus der Praxis, wie hat sich das Berufsbild konkret geändert? Besteht die notwendige Infrastruktur, gibt es Innovationspotenzial, etc. Als digitales Zusatzmaterial werden Glossarbegriffe, Studien und Videos bereitgestellt. Die einheitlich und übersichtlich Gliederung unterschiedlicher Themen sowie eine dem Kapitel individuelle, vorangestellte Grafik wertet das Werk inhaltlich und optisch attraktiv auf.

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42

Mcgleenan, T. Genetics and Insurance. Garland Science, 1999.

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43

T, McGleenan, Ewald François, and Wiesing U, eds. Genetics and insurance. Oxford, UK: BIOS, 1999.

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44

(Editor), U. Wiesing, Francois Ewald (Editor), and T. McGleenan (Editor), eds. Genetics and Insurance. Springer-Verlag Telos, 1999.

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45

Incayawar, Mario, and Sioui Maldonado Bouchard, eds. Overlapping Pain and Psychiatric Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248253.001.0001.

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When a health practitioner is at the bedside of a patient suffering from chronic pain and a psychiatric comorbid condition, he is facing a true clinical conundrum. The comorbidity is frequent yet poorly understood, the diagnosis is difficult and the treatment that follows is less than appropriate. Pain conditions and psychiatric disorders have customarily been understood and treated as different and separate clinical entities, to the detriment of patients’ wellbeing. Fathoming the overlapping pain and psychiatric disorders is in the interest of everyone involved in healthcare, including doctors, nurses, pain specialists, psychiatrists, social workers, psychologists, hospital administrators, and health policymakers. There is a wide overlap of chronic pain conditions and psychiatric disorders. Pain and psychiatric comorbidity is frequent in the population, yet it is poorly understood. The societal burden of mental illness and pain is enormous; it could approach one trillion dollars annually in the USA. Compounding to the economic burden, are the liability related to stigma, shame, bias, discrimination, health disparities, inequities in care, and health injustice. Recent scientific and technological developments in digital medicine, artificial intelligence, pharmacogenetics, genetics, epigenetics, and neuroscience promise beneficial quality changes to medical care and education. The pain medicine and psychiatry of the future will consider patients as human beings embedded in their physical and social environments. This book provides a glimpse in that direction.

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46

Daseking, Monika, and Franz Petermann, eds. Fallbuch WISC-V. Hogrefe, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/03008-000.

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Die WISC-V gehört zu den international am weitesten verbreiteten Intelligenztests für die Altersgruppe der Kinder und Jugendlichen zwischen 6;0 bis 16;11 Jahren und wird bei sehr unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen in der psychologischen Praxis eingesetzt. In diesem Fallbuch werden nach einer Einführung in die Intelligenzdiagnostik mit der WISC-V zu verschiedenen kinder- und jugendpsychologischen sowie pädagogischen Fragestellungen WISC-V-Profile vorgestellt, analysiert und interpretiert. Die Profilinterpretationen decken ein breites Spektrum an Einsatzmöglichkeiten der WISC-V ab und beziehen sich auf Lernstörungen, neurologische und psychische Störungen sowie die Anwendung der WISC-V bei Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund, Hochbegabung und Intelligenzminderung. Alle Falldarstellungen sind nach einer einheitlichen Struktur aufgebaut und werden durch Empfehlungen für eine weiterführende Diagnostik und Intervention ergänzt. Testanwender erhalten in diesem Band praxisorientierte Hilfen für die Auswertung und Interpretation von WISC-V- Testergebnissen, um so die Interpretationsmöglichkeiten der Testprofile besser ausschöpfen zu können. Ein Glossar mit häufig gestellten Fragen zur WISC-V rundet den Band ab.

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47

Jaeschke, Walter, and Birgit Sandkaulen, eds. Hegel-Studien Band 53/54. Felix Meiner Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/978-3-7873-3912-9.

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Im Jahr 2020 warten die Hegel-Studien mit einem Doppelband auf – und das nicht von ungefähr, denn in diesem Jahr gilt es ein Doppeljubiläum zu feiern. Am 27. August jährt sich Hegels Geburtstag zum 250. Mal und vor 200 Jahren sind Hegels „Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts“ zuerst erschienen, eines seiner bekanntesten, umstrittensten und vermutlich auch einflussreichsten Werke, das in seiner Diagnostik der Moderne im ganzen Spektrum rechtlicher, moralischer, sozialer, ökonomischer und politischer Motive bis heute nichts von seiner Anziehungskraft verloren hat. Der Jubiläumsband enthält – neben den Rubriken „Perspektiven der Forschung“, Texte und Dokumente“, „Literaturberichte und Kritik“ und „Bibliographie“ – drei Schwerpunkte, die das aktuelle Forschungsinteresse an Hegels Rechtsphilosophie widerspiegeln: „Hegels Rechtsphilosophie und das Recht“, „Individualität in Hegels Rechtsphilosophie“ und „Hegels Rechtsphilosophie und Marx“. Aufgrund der großen Zahl der Einsendungen zum Hegel-Jahr werden im kommenden Band 55 der Hegel-Studien weitere Beiträge zum Jubiläum mit den Schwerpunkten „Hegels Moral- und Handlungsphilosophie“ sowie „Der Objektive Geist im Kontext von Hegels Philosophie des Geistes“ erscheinen.

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48

Bowman, Simon, John Hamburger, Elizabeth Price, and Saaeha Rauz. Sjögren’s syndrome—clinical features. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0127.

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Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic, immune-mediated, condition of unknown aetiology characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands associated with dry mouth and eyes. It occurs in its own right (primary Sjögren's syndrome, pSS), or as a late feature of other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or scleroderma (secondary Sjögren's syndrome). There is a strong female bias. pSS typically affects women in their middle years with an estimated prevalence of 0.1–0.6%. 75% of patients have anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies, often with raised immunoglobulin levels (hypergammaglobulinaemia). In patients without these antibodies the diagnosis can be confirmed by salivary gland biopsy. Treatment is generally symptomatic using artificial tears, saliva replacements/stimulants and good dental hygiene. Three-quarters of patients with pSS report significant fatigue with a negative impact on quality of life. This can be the most disabling symptom. Approximately 20% of patients develop systemic features including persistent salivary gland swelling, cutaneous vasculitis, peripheral neuropathy, interstitial lung disease, autoimmune cytopenias or renal tubular acidosis. Hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids are the most widely used therapies for systemic features. There is a 44fold increased risk of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B-cell lymphoma in pSS, typically affecting the salivary glands. On account of abnormalities in the B-cell system in pSS there is current interest in the use of anti-B-cell directed monoclonal antibodies to treat pSS and a number of clinical trials are in progress. This approach is already successfully in use for treating MALT lymphoma in pSS.

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49

Bowman, Simon, John Hamburger, Elizabeth Price, and Saaeha Rauz. Sjögren’s syndrome—clinical features. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0127_update_001.

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Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic, immune-mediated, condition of unknown aetiology characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands associated with dry mouth and eyes. It occurs in its own right (primary Sjögren’s syndrome, pSS), or as a late feature of other rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or scleroderma (secondary Sjögren’s syndrome). There is a strong female bias. pSS typically affects women in their middle years with an estimated prevalence of 0.1–0.6%. 75% of patients have anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies, often with raised immunoglobulin levels (hypergammaglobulinaemia). In patients without these antibodies the diagnosis can be confirmed by salivary gland biopsy. Treatment is generally symptomatic using artificial tears, saliva replacements/stimulants and good dental hygiene. Three-quarters of patients with pSS report significant fatigue with a negative impact on quality of life. This can be the most disabling symptom. Approximately 20% of patients develop systemic features including persistent salivary gland swelling, cutaneous vasculitis, peripheral neuropathy, interstitial lung disease, autoimmune cytopenias or renal tubular acidosis. Hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids are the most widely used therapies for systemic features. There is a 44fold increased risk of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B-cell lymphoma in pSS, typically affecting the salivary glands. On account of abnormalities in the B-cell system in pSS there is current interest in the use of anti-B-cell directed monoclonal antibodies to treat pSS and a number of clinical trials are in progress. This approach is already successfully in use for treating MALT lymphoma in pSS.

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50

Lerner, Adam B. From the Ashes of History. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197623589.001.0001.

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This book theorizes collective trauma as a foundational force in international politics—a shock to political cultures that can both make and break international institutions. Though scholars of international relations and related disciplines have historically paid outsize attention to the onset of mass violence, as well as the changes it causes in the balance of power or security calculations, far less attention has been paid to its indirect longer-term impacts, particularly as they manifest as collective trauma. This book argues that collective trauma can not only shape the divisions between “us” and “them” that constitute the international system but also frame logics of interaction over the course of generations. The first half of the book develops a theoretical framework for understanding collective trauma as an emergent phenomenon, outlining both how it translates from individual to social (and vice versa) and how it interacts with diverse political conditions and competing priorities. The second half turns to three historical cases examining colonialism as collective trauma in post-independence India, the Holocaust’s constitutive role in Israeli foreign policy imaginaries, and the influence of the post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis on the US global war on terror. Taken together, these cases demonstrate collective trauma’s foundational role in international politics, as well as the larger potential benefits of a “trauma turn” for the international relations discipline. This reorientation, the book demonstrates, is particularly vital as scholars work to combat the discipline’s Western bias and better account for the legacy of structural injustice and oppression.

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Books on the topic 'Diagnostic bias'

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