Journal articles: 'Diagnostic à distance'

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Yanagawa, Yutaka, and Akira Taniguchi. "Multiple diagnosable distance range ultrasonic diagnostic." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, no. 1 (January 1991): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.400389.

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Rao, Dr Sumesh T. "Hyomental Distance Ratio as a Diagnostic Predictor of Difficult Laryngoscopy." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 511–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/aug2013/161.

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van Huyssteen, C. W., E. Michéli, M. Fuchs, and I. Waltner. "Taxonomic distance between South African diagnostic horizons and the World Reference Base diagnostics." CATENA 113 (February 2014): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2013.08.010.

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Ghose, Sanjoy. "Distance Representations of Consumer Perceptions: Evaluating Appropriateness by Using Diagnostics." Journal of Marketing Research 35, no. 2 (May 1998): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379803500201.

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To understand consumer perceptions of product/market structures, marketers must choose from a wide variety of spatial and tree models. Because spatial and tree representations in general possess different distance patterns, diagnostic measures calculated from the input data of dissimilarities or similarities should be able to indicate how appropriate a certain type of representation might be for a given set of input data. In this article, the author draws from previous literature on the characteristics of diagnostic measures and representation models to develop some partial hypotheses about how well the measures might indicate the appropriateness (in terms of fit) of different models. Empirical analysis indicates that the skewness diagnostic is clearly the best predictor of the appropriateness of representation models; this finding is consistent across a variety of comparable spatial and tree models. Centrality and the reciprocity-related measure, in conjunction with skewness, are useful for specific types of space–tree pairs. The author uses the U-Method (closely related to jackknifing) of prediction, in conjunction with discriminant analysis models, to show that the diagnostics can predict the relative appropriateness of spaces versus trees with accuracy levels substantially greater than what would be expected by chance.

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Vergeer, S. B., R. Oldenkamp, M. Senkoro, S. Mfinanga, S. G. Hinderaker, and F. van Leth. "Does distance to healthcare facility affect care-seeking for TB-related symptoms in Tanzania?" International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 26, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.21.0662.

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BACKGROUND: In high TB burden countries, delayed diagnosis remains a big challenge in TB control. The objective of this study is to assess the role of distance between residence and healthcare facility (HCF) on care-seeking among individuals with symptoms associated with pulmonary TB in Tanzania.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, using data from a national TB survey, coordinates of 300 (residential) sites within 62 clusters were obtained through Google searches and average distances to HCF were calculated per cluster. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted, with care-seeking behaviour being the primary outcome variable.RESULTS: Distance from residence to HCF had no effect on care-seeking behaviour of individuals with TB-related symptoms in this study (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00–1.00). Over 85% of HCFs where care has been sought lack TB diagnostic capacity, mostly comprising dispensaries with staff less educated in TB-related symptoms.CONCLUSION: Care-seeking behaviour among individuals with TB-related symptoms in Tanzania was not found to be associated with distance to HCF. First-line diagnostics should be improved 1) by equipping local dispensaries with basic TB diagnostic capacity, and 2) by educating staff of local dispensaries more thoroughly about basic TB symptoms and the importance of swift referrals.

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DuBose, Terry J., Joseph Bittengle, and Robert Donaldsont. "Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Interactive Video, and Distance Learning." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 13, no. 3 (May 1997): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875647939701300307.

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Hansma, Paul, Patricia Turner, Barney Drake, Eugene Yurtsev, Alexander Proctor, Phillip Mathews, Jason Lelujian, et al. "The bone diagnostic instrument II: Indentation distance increase." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 6 (June 2008): 064303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2937199.

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Smuhliakova, M. K. "DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN DISTANCE LEARNING." Pedagogical Sciences: Theory and Practice, no. 1 (2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/2786-5622-2022-1-10.

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Sisson, S. A., and Y. Fan. "A distance-based diagnostic for trans-dimensional Markov chains." Statistics and Computing 17, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11222-007-9025-z.

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Virgilsen, Line Flytkjær, Henrik Møller, and Peter Vedsted. "Travel distance to cancer-diagnostic facilities and tumour stage." Health & Place 60 (November 2019): 102208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102208.

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Huh, Jin, Hwa-Yong Shin, Seong-Hyop Kim, Tae-Kyoon Yoon, and Duk-Kyung Kim. "Diagnostic Predictor of Difficult Laryngoscopy: The Hyomental Distance Ratio." Anesthesia & Analgesia 108, no. 2 (February 2009): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e31818fc347.

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Musiał, Janusz, Kostyantin Horiashchenko, Serhiy Horiashchenko, and Mikołaj Szyca. "Automatic diagnostic device with measurement of distances to damages by the combined pulse-phase method." MATEC Web of Conferences 351 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202135101010.

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The article is devoted to the study of the state of diagnosing the integrity of cables. The current state of diagnostics of problems of damage of cables is shown. Formulas for calculating several signals reflected from damage have been removed. To ensure the automation of the measurement process, based on the functional diagram of the automatic diagnostic device with measurement of distances to damage by the combined pulse-phase method, a block diagram of an automated distance meter to damage was developed, which allows measuring the investigated cable in automatic mode. This reduces the loss of time to perform measurement operations and ensure the required sequence of actions without the participation of the operator.

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Sukmayanti, Mimih, Hani Chaerunnisa, and Anwar Shidiq Santoso. "Preliminary Diagnostic Assessment in Distance Learning at SMAN 1 Pagaden." Edunesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (May 8, 2021): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51276/edu.v2i2.158.

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So far, distance learning still faces many obstacles in its implementation. Starting from compiling lesson plans, learning methods, to conducting evaluations. Moreover, the psychological factors of students in facing this pandemic, they are required to study at home with various kinds of challenges and obstacles. Limitations of gadgets (smartphone), internet quota to internet networks that do not reach where they live because they are in rural areas. To find a solution to this problem, a study was conducted regarding the initial conditions of SMAN 1 Pagaden students in carrying out this distance learning. By using the Miles & Huberman analysis method, which will find interactive patterns of relationships and to get an understanding of the meaning of the obstacles faced in the distance learning process at SMAN 1 Pagaden by using non-verbal interview techniques. The questionnaire is distributed via google form which then the data obtained is used as a reference for developing distance learning strategies. Based on the results of interviews, based on respondents who answered that distance learning at SMAN 1 Pagaden was less effective, it was 49.8%. Students hope that distance learning does not give many assignments but there is material delivery through google meet or zoom meeting. For students who are not reached by internet and gadget (smartphone) facilities, the visiting teacher model is carried out with small groups.

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Гетманов, Виктор, Viktor Getmanov, Алексей Гвишиани, Aleksey Gvishiani, Дмитрий Перегудов, Dmitriy Peregudov, Игорь Яшин, et al. "Early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms based on observations of space monitoring systems." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-51201906.

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We address the problem of early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms based on the use of models of coordinates of movements of centers of solar coronal mass ejections (CME) and observations of their angular positions obtained from space monitoring systems. We propose a method for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms, introduce a function to predict the distance between Earth and CME centers, and establish a decision-making procedure. We give an example of calculating the distance prediction function and implement the diagnostic decision-making procedure based on coordinate models and model observations of angular positions of CME centers. We determine the efficiency of the decision-making procedure for the algorithm for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms.

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Гетманов, Виктор, Viktor Getmanov, Алексей Гвишиани, Aleksey Gvishiani, Дмитрий Перегудов, Dmitriy Peregudov, Игорь Яшин, et al. "Early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms based on observations of space monitoring systems." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/szf-51201906.

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We address the problem of early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms based on the use of models of coordinates of movements of centers of solar coronal mass ejections (CME) and observations of their angular positions obtained from space monitoring systems. We propose a method for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms, introduce a function to predict the distance between Earth and CME centers, and establish a decision-making procedure. We give an example of calculating the distance prediction function and implement the diagnostic decision-making procedure based on coordinate models and model observations of angular positions of CME centers. We determine the efficiency of the decision-making procedure for the algorithm for early diagnostics of geomagnetic storms.

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Hei, R. Y., J. Qin, and S. H. Li. "Predictive value of hyoid cephalometrics for retroglossal obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 133, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221511900001x.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the diagnostic value of hyoid cephalometrics in predicting retroglossal obstruction severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome.MethodsNinety-six obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome patients diagnosed by polysomnography were recruited. Polysomnography was repeated with a nasopharyngeal tube after eliminating rhinal and palatopharyngeal obstruction. Cervical vertebra lateral films and hyoid cephalometric measurements were obtained, including the distances of the hyoid to the: mental tubercle, prevertebral plane, mental tubercle coronal plane and mental tubercle horizontal plane.ResultsThe apnoea-hypopnoea index for nasopharyngeal tube polysomnography was significantly correlated with distances from the hyoid to: prevertebral plane (r = 0.350), coronal plane (r = 0.477), horizontal plane (r = 0.529) and mental tubercle (r = 0.560). It was strongly correlated with the hyoid to mental tubercle distance/hyoid to prevertebral plane distance value (r = 0.683), and (hyoid to coronal plane distance plus hyoid to horizontal plane distance)/hyoid to prevertebral plane distance value (r = 0.675).ConclusionObstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome patients with longer hyoid to mental tubercle distances, and/or more inferior and posterior hyoid bone position, are more prone to retroglossal stenosis and obstruction. Hyoid cephalometrics are valuable for predicting retroglossal obstruction severity.

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Hwang, Gwo-Jen. "Gray Forecast Approach for Developing Distance Learning and Diagnostic Systems." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) 37, no. 1 (January 2007): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2006.876062.

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Sánchez-Ferrer, Maria L., Jaime Mendiola, Raquel Jiménez-Velázquez, Laura Cánovas-López, Shiana Corbalán-Biyang, Ana I. Hernández-Peñalver, Ana Carmona-Barnosi, et al. "Investigation of anogenital distance as a diagnostic tool in endometriosis." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 34, no. 4 (April 2017): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.01.002.

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Kazimierczak, Wojciech, Natalia Kazimierczak, Kamila Kędziora, Marta Szcześniak, and Zbigniew Serafin. "Reliability of the AI-Assisted Assessment of the Proximity of the Root Apices to Mandibular Canal." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 12 (June 20, 2024): 3605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123605.

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This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of an AI-assisted tool in assessing the proximity of the mandibular canal (MC) to the root apices (RAs) of mandibular teeth using computed tomography (CT). This study involved 57 patients aged 18–30 whose CT scans were analyzed by both AI and human experts. The primary aim was to measure the closest distance between the MC and RAs and to assess the AI tool’s diagnostic performance. The results indicated significant variability in RA-MC distances, with third molars showing the smallest mean distances and first molars the greatest. Diagnostic accuracy metrics for the AI tool were assessed at three thresholds (0 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1 mm). The AI demonstrated high specificity but generally low diagnostic accuracy, with the highest metrics at the 0.5 mm threshold with 40.91% sensitivity and 97.06% specificity. This study underscores the limited potential of tested AI programs in reducing iatrogenic damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) during dental procedures. Significant differences in RA-MC distances between evaluated teeth were found.

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Wiafe, Yaw A., Bill Whitehead, Heather Venables, and Alexander T. Odoi. "Sonographic parameters for diagnosing fetal head engagement during labour." Ultrasound 26, no. 1 (February 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x18755080.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of the head–perineum distance, angle of progression, and the head–symphysis distance as intrapartum ultrasound parameters in the determination of an engaged fetal head. Two hundred and one women in labour underwent both ultrasound and digital vaginal examination in the estimation of fetal head station. The transperineal ultrasound measured head–perineum distance, angle of progression, and head–symphysis distance for values correlating with digital vaginal examination head station. Using station 0 as the minimum level of head engagement, correlating cut-off values for head–perineum distance, angle of progression, and head–symphysis distance were obtained. Receiver operating characteristics were used in determining the diagnostic performance of these cut-off values for the detection of fetal head engagement. With head–perineum distance of 3.6 cm the sensitivity and specificity of sonographic determination of engaged fetal head were 78.7 and 72.3%, respectively. A head–symphysis distance of 2.8 cm also had sensitivity and specificity of 74.5 and 70.8%, respectively, in determining engagement, whilst an angle of progression of 101° was consistent with engagement by digital vaginal examination with 68.1% sensitivity and 68.2% specificity. Ultrasound shows high diagnostic performance in determining engaged fetal head at a head–perineum distance of ≤3.6 cm, head–symphysis distance of ≤2.8 cm, and angle of progression of ≥ 101°.

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Kazangapova N. B. and Madiyarov K. G. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF DISTANCE TECHNOLOGIES FOR TEACHING INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AT SCHOOL." HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 4(111) (October 28, 2021): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51452/kazatu.2021.4(111).752.

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The article presents the results of assessing the effectiveness of distance learning of inorganic chemistry for students from school 37 in Nur-Sultan. The research was carried out at the expense of the authors' own funds. The authors partially proved the validity of the model for organizing distance learning of students and the positive impact of its pedagogical conditions. The carried out diagnostics of the effectiveness of the organization of distance learning allows to increase the level of education of students. The use of distance learning technologies gives positive results in the preparation of pedagogical personnel - chemistry teachers and in teaching students, which is very important for the development of the educational process in our country. The proposed model for organizing distance learning in inorganic chemistry at school is characterized by the integrity and interdependence of the following blocks: target, methodological, organizational, procedural, diagnostic, and the effectiveness of the results.

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Ewig, Jeffrey M. "Pleural Effusions: Diagnostic Considerations." Pediatrics In Review 16, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.16.2.79.

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The presence of fluid in the pleural space can be seen in a variety of disorders. Presenting symptoms include dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and ipsilateral shoulder pain if pleural involvement occurs at the central portion of the diaphragm. Physical examination findings include chest asymmetry, diminished breath sounds, dullness to percussion, and decreased tactile fremitus. In an upright patient, the radiographic appearance of pleural fluid includes blunting of the costophrenic angle, straightening or a more lateral peak of the hemidiaphragm contour, simulation of an elevated hemidiaphragm, or a distance of greater than 2 cm between the gastric air bubble and the lung.

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Karas, S. I., E. V. Grakova, M. V. Balakhonova, M. B. Arzhanik, and E. E. Kara-Sal. "Distance learning in cardiology: the use of multimedia clinical diagnostic tasks." Russian Journal of Cardiology 25, no. 10 (November 18, 2020): 4116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4116.

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Aim. To create a methodological base for distance learning of cardiology healthcare professionals — multimedia clinical diagnostic tasks.Material and methods. The interdisciplinary team used text and multimedia formats for clinical diagnostic data. Web technologies provided remote access to information located on the server.Results. The report presents the experience of the practical implementation of multimedia clinical diagnostic tasks in cardiology, including the augmented reality. The variability of presenting information to students is implemented in the multimedia clinical diagnostic tasks, which is integrated with the rating system for evaluating decisions. The solution paths are determined by the actions of the students in the trigger interactive blocks and is evaluated by the rating system. Personal rating is a numerical value that integrally characterizes the decisionmaking competence of students. The conversion of the quantitative rating into the conventional form (‘pass/fail’, ‘excellent’, ‘good’, ‘passing grade’) will be provided after the trial period of the software.Conclusion. The created Web service and computer simulations can become a methodological basis for the distance learning in cardiology. This technology can be in demand in the continuing medical education.

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Duer, Radosław, and Stanisław Duer. "Diagnostic testing the solar power equipment in logic 2- and 3- valuable." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 66, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9485.

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The article presents the problem of the study of developed diagnoses in logic2- and 3-valuable diagnostic system (DIAG 2) devices of the solar power. For this purpose, a functional-diagnostic model of solar power devices has been described. On the basis of the elaborated model of the investigated object, a set of basic elements and a set of diagnostic signals, that are generated by the j-th elements of the functional object, have been determined. Also, there was given a brief description of intelligent diagnostic (DIAG 2) system used for the study. The system (DIAG 2) is a proprietary development of the authors. Diagnostic software in (DIAG 2) system works on the principle of comparison of the set of vectors of diagnostic signals with their standard vectors. By comparing the signals, elementary metrics of vectors disparity of diagnostic signals are determined by the neural network. On the basis of the metrics of differential distance, the system inferences about the diagnosis on the state of elements of a basic object. Keywords: technical diagnostics, diagnostic reasoning, multivalent logic, artificial intelligence

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Saeed, Muhammad Tayyab, Ali Rao, Muhammad Nasir Saeed, Tasneem Alam, Azmat Riaz, and Hira Ahmad. "Comparison of Upper Lip Bite Test and Thyromental Distance with Other Airway (Malampatti and Inter Incisor Distance) Assessment Tests for Predicting Difficult Endotracheal Intubation." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 74, no. 5 (October 31, 2024): 1281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74i5.8112.

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Objective: To study the ability of upper lip bite test and thyromental distance to predict difficult endotracheal intubation when compared to standard assessment tests such as Mallampati and inter incisor distance. Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Sep 2020 to Mar 2021. Methodology: We studied a total of 50 patients who reported for the administration of general anesthesia. All patients underwent evaluation with modified Mallampati test, upper lip bite test and thyromental distance test. All participants underwent subsequent intubation according to a standard protocol. The researcher documented difficult intubations. Results: We found the upper lip bite test to have a sensitivity of 75.7%, a specificity of 84.2%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 78.6%. Thyromental distance had a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 51.4%, 78.9% and 60.7%, respectively while the modified Mallampati had a sensitivity of 64.9%, 89.5%, specificity and a diagnostic accuracy of 73.2%. Conclusion: Upper lip bite test is a useful bedside assessment tool with which to predict the probability of a difficult endotracheal intubation. Height to thyromental distance ratio test is also acceptable for rapid assessment.

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Berni, A. J., and W. L. Roever. "Field array performance: Theoretical study of spatially correlated variations in amplitude coupling and static shift and case study in the Paris Basin." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 4 (April 1989): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442671.

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Near‐surface propagation anomalies degrade the performance of field arrays. We studied this problem by modeling the signal detected by a field array. In our model, the signal arrival time and amplitude were each varied with distance along the array according to some arbitrary spatial trend. Given the intensity and the correlation distance of the signal variations, both wavenumber selectivity for noise rejection and frequency response for desired signal can be calculated. We begin by describing diagnostic graphs that show an array’s attainable signal bandwidth and noise rejection capability. Next, we discuss the mathematical relationships between the graphs and observable quantities such as correlations, array lengths, geophone spacing, etc. Exponential correlation functions are used in the modeling study for illustrative purposes. The same diagnostics are then generated from measured correlations derived from experimental data acquired in the Paris Basin with a densely sampled geophone spread. We found that the bandwidth diagnostic was useful and easy to calculate for this data set. Data sets with stronger noise waves should allow an accurate calculation of noise rejection capability. The diagnostic graphs can help in choosing the number of channels, array length, and weighting in a particular exploration area.

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Douzgou, S., J. Clayton-Smith, S. Gardner, R. Day, P. Griffiths, and K. Strong. "Dysmorphology at a distance: results of a web-based diagnostic service." European Journal of Human Genetics 22, no. 3 (July 10, 2013): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2013.137.

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Wang, Chien-Kuo, Liang-Ching Lin, Yung-Nien Sun, Cheng-Shih Lai, Chia-Hui Chen, and Cheng-Yi Kao. "Computer-Assisted System in Stress Radiography for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury with Correspondent Evaluation of Relevant Diagnostic Factors." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030419.

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We sought to design a computer-assisted system measuring the anterior tibial translation in stress radiography, evaluate its diagnostic performance for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, and assess factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy. Retrospective research for patients with both knee stress radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at our institution was performed. A complete ACL rupture was confirmed on an MRI. The anterior tibial translations with four different methods were measured in 249 patients by the designed algorithm. The diagnostic accuracy of each method in patients with all successful measurements was evaluated. Univariate logistic regression analysis for factors affecting diagnostic accuracy of method four was performed. In the inclusive 249 patients, 177 patients (129 with completely torn ACLs) were available for analysis. Mean anterior tibial translations were significantly increased in the patients with a completely torn ACL by all four methods, with diagnostic accuracies ranging from 66.7% to 75.1%. The diagnostic accuracy of method four was negatively associated with the time interval between stress radiography and MRI as well as force-joint distance on stress view, and not significantly associated with age, gender, flexion angle, intercondylar distance, and force-joint angle. A computer-assisted system measuring the anterior tibial translation in stress radiography showed acceptable diagnostic performance of complete ACL injury. A shorter time interval between stress radiography and MRI as well as shorter force-joint distance were associated with higher diagnostic accuracy.

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Nosova, YA V., O. H. Avrunin, N. O. Shushlyapyna, Ibrahim Yunuss Abdelkhamid, and Alofy Bender Aly Salekh. "Diagnostic significance of methods for determining nasal breathing disorders." Optoelectronic Information-Power Technologies 41, no. 1 (July 28, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1681-7893-2021-41-1-47-58.

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In the diagnosis of nasal breathing disorders, the main instrumental diagnostic methods are optical endoscopy of the nose, X-ray computed spiral (or cone-beam) tomography of the nose and paranasal sinuses, as well as rhinomanometry. The statistics included 286 patients with nasal breathing disorders and a control group of 60 people. Patients were divided into two groups - with nasal breathing disorders of different nature and conditional norm (control group). The probability of error in detecting nasal breathing disorders is 0.27 (normalized Euclidean distance 1.82). Taking into account the addition of computed tomography data to the discrimination model, the diagnostic error decreases to 0.11 at a distance of 3.19. When rhinomanometry data are added to the model, the total normalized Euclidean distance increases to 3.96, and the probability of making a diagnostic decision, respectively, decreases to 0.05. Thus, rhinomanometric data make it possible to supplement the results of functional tests with information about changes in the architectonics of the nasal cavity by assessing the effect of anatomical structures on nasal aerodynamics and further reduce the likelihood of errors in diagnostic decisions when detecting disturbances in nasal breathing.

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Liu, Guokai, and Lili Zheng. "TCM diagnostics for injury prevention in Mid/Long-Distance runs." Cambridge Sport Science 2024, no. 4 (September 24, 2024): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.62852/css/2024/84.

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The middle and long-distance running event in the "College Students' Physical Health Standards" test has the effect of enhancing students' willpower, expressiveness, and social adaptability. However, injuries are highly likely to occur during the middle and long-distance running, which can cause physical harm and mental pressure to schools, teachers, parents, and students, and affect the authenticity of the test results. The "Four Diagnostic Methods" of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are treasures of our country's traditional medical culture. By utilizing the rich theories and experiences of TCM' s "Four Diagnostic Methods" to explore the hidden dangers that lead to sports injuries, it is possible to prevent injuries in middle and long-distance running at an early stage and reduce the occurrence of sports injuries.

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Bhimani, Rohan, Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani, Karina Mirochnik, Bart Lubberts, Christopher W. DiGiovanni, and Miho J. Tanaka. "Utility of Diagnostic Ultrasound in the Assessment of Patellar Instability." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 232596712210987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221098748.

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Background: The use of imaging to diagnose patellofemoral instability is often limited by the inability to dynamically load the joint during assessment. Therefore, the diagnosis is typically based on physical examination using the glide test to assess and quantify lateral patellar translation. However, precise quantification with this technique remains difficult. Purpose: To quantify patellar position using ultrasound imaging under dynamic loading conditions to distinguish between knees with and without medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC) injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In 10 cadaveric knees, the medial patellofemoral distance was measured to quantify patellar position from 0° to 40° of knee flexion at 10° increments. Knees were evaluated at each flexion angle under unloaded conditions and with 20 N of laterally directed force on the patella to mimic the glide test. Patellar position measurements were made on ultrasound images obtained before and after MPFC transection and compared for significant differences. To determine the ability of medial patellofemoral measurements to differentiate between MPFC-intact and MPFC-deficient states, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Delong test were used. The optimal cutoff value to distinguish between the deficient and intact states was determined using the Youden J statistic. Results: A significant increase in medial patellofemoral distance was observed in the MPFC-deficient state as compared with the intact state at all flexion angles ( P = .005 to P < .001). When compared with the intact state, MPFC deficiency increased medial patellofemoral distance by 32.8% (6 mm) at 20° of knee flexion under 20-N load. Based on ROC analysis and the J statistic, the optimal threshold for identifying MPFC injury was 19.2 mm of medial patellofemoral distance at 20° of flexion under dynamic loading conditions (area under the ROC curve = 0.93, sensitivity = 77.8%, specificity = 100%, accuracy = 88.9%). Conclusion: Using dynamic ultrasound assessment, we found that medial patellofemoral distance significantly increases with disruption of the MPFC. Clinical Relevance: Dynamic ultrasound measurements can be used to accurately detect the presence of complete MPFC injury.

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Basha, A. M. "Self-Diagnostic Digital Underfrequency Relay Coupled with a 3–Zone Distance Algorithm." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 30, no. 2 (April 1993): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099303000212.

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Self-diagnostic digital underfrequency relay coupled with a 3–zone distance algorithm The paper reports a digital underfrequency relay for shedding and restoration of loads in an electric power system coupled with a 3-zone distance algorithm for the protection of feeder lines. The relay incorporates self-diagnosing techniques for detecting failures. The prototype developed has been satisfactorily tested for its performance.

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Uddin, Sharif, Md Rashedul Islam, Sheraz Ali Khan, Jaeyoung Kim, Jong-Myon Kim, Seok-Man Sohn, and Byeong-Keun Choi. "Distance and Density Similarity Based Enhancedk-NN Classifier for Improving Fault Diagnosis Performance of Bearings." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3843192.

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An enhancedk-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification algorithm is presented, which uses a density based similarity measure in addition to a distance based similarity measure to improve the diagnostic performance in bearing fault diagnosis. Due to its use of distance based similarity measure alone, the classification accuracy of traditionalk-NN deteriorates in case of overlapping samples and outliers and is highly susceptible to the neighborhood size,k. This study addresses these limitations by proposing the use of both distance and density based measures of similarity between training and test samples. The proposedk-NN classifier is used to enhance the diagnostic performance of a bearing fault diagnosis scheme, which classifies different fault conditions based upon hybrid feature vectors extracted from acoustic emission (AE) signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme, which uses the enhancedk-NN classifier, yields better diagnostic performance and is more robust to variations in the neighborhood size,k.

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Peng, Juan-Juan, and Chao Tian. "Multi-Valued Neutrosophic Distance-Based QUALIFLEX Method for Treatment Selection." Information 9, no. 12 (December 17, 2018): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info9120327.

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Multi-valued neutrosophic sets (MVNSs) consider the truth-membership, indeterminacy-membership, and falsity-membership simultaneously, which can more accurately express the preference information of decision-makers. In this paper, the normalized multi-valued neutrosophic distance measure is developed firstly and the corresponding properties are investigated as well. Secondly, the normalized multi-valued neutrosophic distance difference is defined and the corresponding partial ordering relation is discussed. Thirdly, based on the developed distances and comparison method, an extended multi-valued neutrosophic QUALItative FLEXible multiple criteria (QUALIFLEX) method is proposed to handle MCDM problems where the weights of criteria are completely unknown. Finally, an example for selection of medical diagnostic plan is provided to demonstrate the proposed method, together with sensitivity analysis and comparison analysis.

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Kovyazina, M., E. Rasskazova, N. Varako, and S. Enikolopov. "Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure as an Instrument for Diagnostic of Illness Representation in youth with Ultra-High risk for Psychosis." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1530.

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IntroductionPictorial representation of illness and self-measure (PRISM) was developed as screening tool assessing implicit reaction to somatic illnesses. Conclusion is based on comparisons of the positions of illness-related (“Illness” and major symptoms) and unrelated (“Me”, “Family”, “Work/study”) objects on the list.ObjectivesDue to its easiness and implicitness PRISM could be promising addition to illness representation questionnaires in mental illnesses.Aim was to reveal validity of the PRISM in youth with ultra-high risk for psychosis.MethodsEighty-one male patients 16–25 years old meeting criteria of ultra-high risk for psychosis; preliminary diagnoses of mood disorders 34, personality disorders 26, schizotypal disorder 21 patients) filled PRISM, beck cognitive insight scale, symptom checklist 90-r, illness perception questionnaire, quality of life and enjoyment questionnaire and happiness scale.ResultsAccording to hierarchical regression, conditional “Self-Illness” distance (after control for mean distances on the list) was related to less psychopathological complaints, lower subjective illness severity and emotional representations, higher treatment control and better quality of life. “Self-symptoms” distance was related to better cognitive insight, lower emotional representations and consequences and moderated the relationship between “Self-Illness” distance and appraisals of illness length and dynamic.ConclusionsConditional “Self-Illness” distance in PRISM could reflect cognitive appraisal of illness based on symptoms and related to life satisfaction while “Self-Symptoms” distance reflects merely emotional reaction based on cognitive insight.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Duer, Stanisław, Paweł Wrzesień, Radosław Duer, and Dariusz Bernatowicz. "Diagnostics of low-capacity solar power station equipment with 2- and 3-valued logic." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 67, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6613.

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The paper outlines research issues relating to 2- and 3-valued logic diagnoses developed with the diagnostic system (DIA G 2) for the equipment installed at a low-capacity solar power station. The presentation is facilitated with an overview and technical description of the functional and diagnostic model of the low-power solar power station. A model of the low-power solar power station (the tested facility, a.k.a. the test object) was developed, from which a set of basic elements and a set of diagnostic outputs were determined and developed by the number of functional elements j of j. The work also provides a short description of the smart diagnostic system (DIA G 2) used for the tests shown herein. (DIA G 2) is a proprietary work. The diagnostic program of (DIA G 2) operates by comparing a set of actual diagnostic output vectors to their master vectors. The output of the comparison are elementary divergence metrics of the diagnostic output vectors determined by a neural network. The elementary divergence metrics include differential distance metrics which serve as the inputs for (DIA G 2) to deduct the state (condition) of the basic elements of the tested facility. Keywords: technical diagnostics, diagnostic inference, multiple-valued logic, artificial intelligence.

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Usikyan, E. G., A. Yu Zaytsev, K. V. Dubrovin, V. A. Svetlov, S. G. Zhukova, and E. P. Fisenko. "Computed tomography for difficult airways diagnostics." Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION 21, no. 3 (June 14, 2024): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/2078-5658-2024-21-3-47-55.

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The objective was to determine the effectiveness of computed tomography for difficult laryngoscopy diagnosis.Materials and methods. We examined 60 patients who underwent preoperative computed tomography of the head and neck and assessed the risk of difficult airways using the LEMON scale. The following CT signs were studied: the thickness of the tongue and soft tissues at the level of the vocal folds, the vertical distance from the highest point of the hyoid bone to the body of the mandible, the thickness of the epiglottis, the length of the epiglottis, the location of the vocal folds at the level of the cervical vertebrae, the atlanto-occipital gap, the gap between the first and the second cervical vertebrae, the distance between the vocal folds. After induction of anesthesia, patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the results of laryngoscopy according to the Cormack–Lehane classification. The diagnostic ability of the clinical features of the LEMON scale and CT findings was calculated using ROC-AUC analysis in patients in the difficult and normal airway groups.Results. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the LEMON scale has an average diagnostic ability (AUC 0.697 p ≤ 0.023 CI–0.534–0.860); the sensitivity of the method was 26.7%, specificity – 95.6%, compared with CT diagnostics. The most effective CT-predictor is the thickness of the tongue (sensitivity – 80%, specificity – 77.8%), to a lesser extent – the vertical distance from the highest point of the hyoid bone to the mandible and the thickness of the epiglottis (sensitivity 73%, 60% and specificity 66.7% , 62.4%, respectively).Conclusion. The use of computed tomography is effective in identifying predictors of difficult laryngoscopy. Radiation methods for diagnosing difficult laryngoscopy are more sensitive compared to the LEMON scale. The diagnostic criteria for difficult laryngoscopy are thickness of the tongue – 75.75 mm, vertical distance from the highest point of the hyoid bone to the mandible – 20.85 mm, and thickness of the epiglottis – 2.65 mm.

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Tetin, I., and E. Antonenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF GAIT DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY FOR LONG-DISTANCE RUNNERS VIA SMART INSOLES." Human Sport Medicine 19, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm190218.

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Aim. The article deals with the development of methods and software for the analysis of the running pattern in long-distance runners using smart insoles to prevent the development of athlete’s injuries. Materials and Methods. Insoles with embedded pressure sensors, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a specially designed software for analyzing the pattern of running and pressure distribution in the foot. Results. The technique of diagnostics and analysis of the running pattern, which allows preventing the development of tendon inflammation, Morton neuroma, and plantar fasciitis, is presented. Conclusion. The technique and the software developed allow to analyze the patterns of running in stayers, diagnose, and prevent the development of injuries

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Marie, Dannette, and Brad Miles. "Social Distance and Perceived Dangerousness Across Four Diagnostic Categories of Mental Disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42, no. 2 (January 2008): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701787545.

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Veytsman, Boris, Lei Wang, Tiange Cui, Sergey Bruskin, and Ancha Baranova. "Distance-based classifiers as potential diagnostic and prediction tools for human diseases." BMC Genomics 15, Suppl 12 (2014): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-15-s12-s10.

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Hernández-Peñalver, Ana I., Maria L. Sánchez-Ferrer, Jaime Mendiola, Evdochia Adoamnei, Maria T. Prieto-Sánchez, Shiana Corbalán-Biyang, Ana Carmona-Barnosi, Aníbal Nieto, and Alberto M. Torres-Cantero. "Assessment of anogenital distance as a diagnostic tool in polycystic ovary syndrome." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 37, no. 6 (December 2018): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.08.020.

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Curry, Reva. "A Review of Long-Distance Learning Techniques for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Educators." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 7, no. 1 (January 1991): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875647939100700109.

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Kwon, Ki Youn, Heui-Jeon Park, Ji Soo Shin, and Jun Pyo Lee. "Another diagnostic tool in thoracolumbar posterior ligament complex injury: interspinous distance ratio." European Spine Journal 26, no. 5 (June 23, 2016): 1447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4662-6.

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Antonova, H., and A. Kedych. "Testing of the Wireless Sensor Network for the Express-Diagnostic of the State of Plant." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 3 (October 27, 2020): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.20.3.9.

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The authors reviewed the types of network testing. The most common are simulation modeling, mock-up modeling, and full-scale experiments. It was examined existing software environments for simulation and debugging kits for mock testing. The main definitions and terms on the theory of experiment planning are given. According to the theory of experiment planning, the authors developed a plan for conducting a full-scale experiment and defined an algorithm for testing a wireless sensor network for express diagnostics of plants' state. Network testing parameters are the quality of network communication; network formation time; network communication distance; and battery life of sensors. The preparation and process of conducting a full-scale experiment for testing a WSN sample is described in detail. Wireless sensor network testing was carried out by different clusters, at different distances in five stages. During the experiment on testing the WSN, the operation of individual network nodes was checked, and the operation of the network as a whole. During the testing period, no abnormal operation of the sensors and the coordinator was revealed. 82 measurements were made in just five stages. The communication quality of the wireless sensor network has been checked. When testing the network, the transmission of data packets from the sensors to the coordinator was mostly successful. The integral estimate of unsuccessful data transmission sessions in the network was calculated. The communication range of the network at a distance of 20, 30, 40 and 60 m was checked. A graph of the dependence of the sensor signal power on the distance was built. Statistics were obtained on the decrease in the battery charge for each sensor. Based on the results of a full-scale experiment, the operation of a wireless sensor network for express diagnostics of the state of plants is considered successful. Keywords: Zigbee, wireless sensor network, sensor, full-scale experiment.

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Nalley, Ricky Ricardo, Nusratuddin Abdullah, Fatmawati Madya, St Nur Asni, Sriwijaya, and Susiawaty. "The correlation between Anogenital Distance (AGD) and Endometriosis." Bali Medical Journal 12, no. 3 (October 7, 2023): 2975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4707.

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Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/XmIf_eavZto Background: Endometriosis is a disease that causes recurrent chronic pain related to menstruation in around 10% of women of reproductive age. However, current non-invasive diagnostic tools are not sufficiently good at detecting endometriosis. Anogenital Distance (AGD) is a new measurement parameter that is non-invasive and proven to be used to help detect endometriosis. This study aims to assess the ability of AGD in detecting endometriosis. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test study involving 35 endometriosis patients and 35 controls by comparing the clinical characteristics of the patients and the length of AGD-AF and AGD-AC for both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Results: The median AGD-AF length in endometriosis patients and controls were 22.65 + 6.54 and 29.53 + 3.52 (p<0.001) respectively, with AGD-AC lengths being 68.04 + 5.8 and 66.81 + 5.49 (p=0.369). In the multivariate logistic regression test, AGD-AF length was a single significant predictor (p <0.001). Based on the ROC curve, the length of AGD-AF with a cut-off of 23.35 mm has a sensitivity and specificity value of 97.1% and 65.7%. Conclusion: This study states that there is a correlation between AGD and endometriosis, especially AGD-AF, so it can be used as one of the predictors to help detect endometriosis.

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Ohanian, Ihor, and Sergiy Yepifanov. "Огляд методів параметричного діагностування агрегатів гідравлічних і паливних систем літальних апаратів." Aerospace Technic and Technology, no. 4sup1 (August 24, 2023): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2023.4sup1.13.

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The subject of study in this article is the methods of parametric diagnostics of the technical condition of the units of an air vehicle's hydraulic and fuel systems, which make it possible to ensure the established reliability indicators of these systems throughout their entire life cycle. This work aims to analyze the existing literature on the methods of parametric diagnostics of hydraulic units, determine the basic requirements for the development of diagnostic methods for units of hydraulic, and fuel systems. The objective of the study is to classify the existing methods of parametric diagnostics, applied primarily to hydraulic systems, to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the algorithms under consideration based on the requirements for diagnostic algorithms established by the authors, and to assess the possibility of effectively using these methodologies to diagnose the technical condition of a complex hydraulic distribution unit. The authors of this work formed the main requirements for the methods of diagnosing a hydraulic and fuel system's units based on the nature of the detected defects, the experience of using diagnostic algorithms, as well as the requirements of existing standards and scientific publications analysis. The authors developed a classification of parametric diagnostic algorithms to systematize existing works. This paper describes the main features and differences between diagnostic algorithms based on methods for identifying a mathematical model of an object and diagnostic algorithms in the space of measured parameters. Methods for forming diagnostic models of hydraulic units have been analyzed, such as the state-space model, the Hammerstein model, the Volterra model, the ARX model, and the matrix of influence coefficients. Established analysis of the application of defect identification algorithms such as a divided difference filter (DDF), a radial basis functions neural network RBF, and a cosine distance method. As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of the monitored diagnostic algorithms were identified and the main tasks for developing an algorithm for parametric diagnostics of the technical condition of a complex hydraulic distribution unit were formulated.

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&NA;. "The Diagnostic Value of the Upper Lip Bite Test Combined With Sternomental Distance, Thyromental Distance, and Interincisor Distance for Prediction of Easy Laryngoscopy and Intubation." Survey of Anesthesiology 54, no. 3 (June 2010): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sa.0b013e3181dcbdec.

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Lopes, Bernardo, Marcella Q. Salomão, Isaac C. Ramos, and Fernando Faria-Correia. "Unilateral Ectasia characterized by Advanced Diagnostic Tests." International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases 5, no. 1 (2016): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1120.

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ABSTRACT To describe a case of very asymmetric ectasia successfully treated by femtosecond laser-assisted intracorneal ring segment implantation, in which the diagnosis of unilateral ectasia in the right eye was based on the clinical findings including history, follow-up, and advanced diagnostic data. The patient's history was positive for ocular allergy with moderate- to-intense eye rubbing only in the right eye. The uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/63 in the right eye and 20/32 in the left eye. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 in the right eye (-1.75-4.00 × 35°) and 20/16 in the left eye (-0.50-0.25 × 115°). After femtosecond laser-assisted intracorneal ring segment implantation, the right eye improved CDVA to 20/20-1. Concerning ectasia/keratoconus diagnosis, the left eye remained stable over 1 year of follow-up with unremarkable topometric, tomographic, and biomechanical findings. Epithelial thickness mapping by spectral domain optical coherence tomography and very-high-frequency digital ultrasound demonstrated epithelial thickness within normal limits in the left eye. Advanced diagnostic methods along with clinical data enable the distinction from unilateral ectasia cases and subclinical (fruste) keratoconus. Literature review is also performed along with case presentation and discussion. How to cite this article Ramos IC, Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M, Salomão MQ, Lopes B, Luz A, Faria-Correia F, Gatinel D, Belin MW, Ambrósio R Jr. Unilateral Ectasia characterized by Advanced Diagnostic Tests. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):40-51.

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E. Ezugwu, Emmanuel, Everistus O. Abonyi, Gloria I. Ezugwu, Benjamin Mgbechi, Joseph C.Eze, and Daniel C. Ugwuanyi. "Compliance level assessment of the recommended standards in the design of privately owned radio diagnostic centers in Anambra State." International Journal of Applied Science and Research 06, no. 01 (2022): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56293/ijasr.2022.5497.

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Background: Buildings used for radio-diagnostic purposes are expected to satisfy a certain radiation safety measures, however, the privately owned radio-diagnostic facilities in Anambra State are not purpose built. Objective: To evaluate the building design and layout of diagnostic x-ray rooms of privately owned radio-diagnostic facilities in Anambra State against the internationally recommended standards. Methodology: The building designs of all privately owned radio-diagnostic facilities registered with the ministry of health, Anambra State were assessed by measuring the x-ray room sizes, distances between the x-ray tubes and the control consoles, and the wall thicknesses using a well calibrated meter rule. Presence of lead lining on the walls and doors of the diagnostic rooms were noted and their thickness measured. Results: The studied centers showed 14 (70%) compliance to NNRA recommended x-ray room size (16m2). A total of 12 (60%) of the studied centers were in compliant with x-ray tube to console distance (≥ 1 meter) whereas 14(70 %) of the centers complied on the use of minimum of 2mm thickness of lead for wall lining. Conclusion: The designs and outlay of privately owned radio-diagnostic facilities in Anambra State are in compliance with recommended standards.There was however no significant difference in the level of compliance among the studied parameters (p<0.05).

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Blokh, D., N. Zurgil, I. Stambler, E. Afrimzon, Y. Shafran, E. Korech, J. Sandbank, and M. Deutsch. "An Information-theoretical Model for Breast Cancer Detection." Methods of Information in Medicine 47, no. 04 (2008): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me0440.

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Summary Objectives: Formal diagnostic modeling is an important line of modern biological and medical research. The construction of a formal diagnostic model consists of two stages: first, the estimation of correlation between model parameters and the disease under consideration; and second, the construction of a diagnostic decision rule using these correlation estimates. A serious drawback of current diagnostic models is the absence of a unified mathematical methodological approach to implementing these two stages. The absence of aunified approach makesthe theoretical/biomedical substantiation of diagnostic rules difficult and reduces the efficacyofactual diagnostic model application. Methods: The present study constructs a formal model for breast cancer detection. The diagnostic model is based on information theory. Normalized mutual information is chosen as the measure of relevance between parameters and the patterns studied. The “nearest neighbor” rule is utilized for diagnosis, while the distance between elements is the weighted Hamming distance. The model concomitantly employs cellular fluorescence polarization as the quantitative input parameter and cell receptor expression as qualitative parameters. Results: Twenty-four healthy individuals and 34 patients (not including the subjects analyzed for the model construction) were tested by the model. Twenty-three healthy subjects and 34 patients were correctly diagnosed. Conclusions: The proposed diagnostic model is an open one,i.e.it can accommodate new additional parameters, which may increase its effectiveness.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Diagnostic à distance'

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