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Milovic, Ana. "Novel Diagnostic approach for tuberculosis diagnosis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2715.
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There is a clear need for a rapid, inexpensive point-of-care diagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of a novel rapid diagnostic test for TB, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, in symptomatic adults and to compare it to other commercially available nucleic acid amplification assays and to standard microbiological smear and culture. The GeneXpert system performs real time, nested PCR from sputum and provides a result within two hours of sampling. The result includes a semi-quantitative assessment of bacillary load in the sample and simultaneously detects rifampicin resistance. This study was part of a cross-sectional, multi-centre clinical trial. The Cape Town component of this study was conducted at three sites, one hospital based and other two community clinics, all with high TB/HIV coinfection rate. Among 43.2% of patients diagnosed with TB during the evaluation study, GeneXpert detected TB in 95.5% of all culture positive cases. In smear positive patients, sensitivity was 99.0% and in smear-negative, culture positive patients, 86.1%. Specificity in patients who were culture negative and clinically diagnosed as non-TB after follow up was 98.4%. Sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert in detecting rifampicin resistance was 100% comparing to phenotypically detected drug resistance. GeneXpert is a highly promising novel tool for the rapid diagnosis of adult TB. Future studies are needed to establish the performance and impact of GeneXpert when performed at the level of the microscopy centre.
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Cateriano-Alberdi, Maria Paula, Cecilia D. Palacios-Revilla, and Eddy R. Segura. "Survey of Diagnostic Criteria for Fetal Distress in Latin American and African Countries: Over Diagnosis or Under Diagnosis?" Glorigin LifeSciences, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622212.
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Ismaili, Khalid. "Evaluation et prise en charge des anomalies foetales du rein et du tractus urinaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210748.
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Bracher, Michael. "Living without a diagnosis : formations of pre-diagnostic identity in the lives of AS people diagnosed in adulthood." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/368009/.
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Asperger Syndrome (AS) is currently understood as a neurodevelopmental condition associated with difficulties in social communication, social interaction, and social imagination. Many AS people also experience differences in sensory sensitivities and perceptions of the surrounding world. Most diagnoses are now made in childhood; however, there remain a number of people who are diagnosed in adulthood. Within this group, there are also a number who, born before 1980, grew up in an era before the condition had been identified and diagnosed, and therefore spent a substantial part of their lives living either without a diagnosis or with an incorrect diagnosis. This is an under-researched group, whose pre-diagnostic experiences have thus far not been subject to detailed investigation, and as such are often poorly or inconsistently understood both academically and by service providers. The primary aim of the thesis is to explore their experiences by addressing the following three questions: 1. How do AS people understand their dispositional selves in the pre-diagnostic phase of life? 2. How do self-other relations affect pre-diagnostic understandings of self? 3. How does management of everyday insecurities relate to formations of the pre-diagnostic self? These questions will be explored through comparative analysis of seven autobiographies, authored by AS people who were diagnosed in adulthood. The analysis is informed by a neo-Bourdieusian approach to identity through which I develop an account of relations between authenticity (one’s ability to experience dispositionally appropriate ways of being), accountability (referring to the social and cultural conditions of exchange with others) and legitimacy (the experience of one’s ways of being as valid) as a way of framing some of the issues faced by AS adults in pre-diagnostic life in relation to the themes above. I suggest that this framework can offer a useful perspective on pre-diagnostic issues by drawing attention to the interrelation of dispositional and social circumstances in shaping individual life experiences.
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Adam, Johan D. "Failure diagnostic expert systems : a case study in fault diagnosis /." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01202010-020148/.
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Slyvka, Nataliia Oleksyivna, G. V. Nataliia, and Igor Antonovych Plesh. "MODERN WAYS TO IMPROVE DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSTICS FOR ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE." Thesis, МАТЕРИАЛЫ НАУЧНО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ С МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ УЧАСТИЕМ. - Самарканд, 2016, № 2.1 (88), 2016. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11624.
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Bengtsson, Jonas. "Gearbox Diagnosis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-75565.
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Diagnosis based on vibration analysis is a method that has many benefits to offer. It is easy to implement the method on existing transmissions by attaching accelerometers outside the gearbox housing. If you have knowledge of the gearbox geometry, such as number of tooth on the gears and types of bearings, and any unwanted frequencies can be filtered out a good estimation of the gearbox condition can be achieved. In this thesis a number of condition indicators have been tested to identify and isolate different faults that may appear. All analysing have been done in the time domain on different synchronously averaged signals. The condition indicators have been used together with diagnosis theory from the division of Vehicular systems to create a diagnosis system able to find faults on a number of modelled signals.
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Moffitt, Theodore Paul. "Compact fiber-optic diffuse reflection probes for medical diagnostics /." Full text open access at:, 2007. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,232.
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Sanchez, Phyllis Nancy. "Psychiatric diagnosis vs medical diagnosis: Are mental health professionals aware?" Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184826.
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For years research has demonstrated a varying incidence of medical disorders manifesting with psychiatric symptoms. A relatively conservative estimate of such so called "medical masquerades" is around 10%. It is important to ascertain whether health care professionals are aware of possible medical masquerades perhaps most especially in a mental health center outpatient setting where non-medically trained clinicians are the first line therapists for treatment in the majority of cases. This study set about to find out how aware three types of health care clinicians (psychiatrists, nonpsychiatrically trained medical doctors, and non-medically trained mental health psychotherapists) are of the prevalence of medical masquerades, and whether these three types of clinicians perform differently on three types of clinical vignettes (psychiatric, somatoform, and medical masquerades). Results revealed that all health care professionals surveyed are aware that there are a percentage of medical masquerades in the clinical population. Results also revealed that the three types of clinicians performed differently on the case vignettes.
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King, Kathleen M. "Making diagnosis explicit." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30357.
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What is good diagnostic practice? The answer is elusive for many medical students and equally puzzling for those trying to build effective medical decision support systems. Much of the problem lies in the difficulty of 'getting at' diagnosis. Expert diagnosticians find it difficult to introspect on their own strategies, thus making it difficult to pass on their expertise. Traditional knowledge acquisition methods are designed for gathering static domain knowledge and are inappropriate for the acquisition of knowledge about the diagnostic 'task'. More advanced knowledge acquisition methodologies, particularly those which focus on the modelling of problem-solving knowledge seem to hold more promise, but are not sufficiently practicable to allow anyone other than a knowledge engineer to operate directly. Given the difficulty experts have in accessing their own diagnostic strategies, what is needed is a tool which would enable diagnosticians themselves to directly formulate and experiment with their own methods of diagnosis. This research describes the development of a knowledge acquisition methodology geared specifically towards the exposition of medical diagnosis. The methodology is implemented as a toolkit enabling exploration and construction of medical diagnostic models and production of model-based medical diagnostic support systems. The toolkit allows someone skilled in diagnosis to articulate their diagnostic strategy so that it can be used by those with less experience.
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Maj, Jan Stanislaw. "The histopathological diagnosis of myelodysplasticsyndromes and acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia using glycol methacrylate embedded bone marrow biopsies." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25622.
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Lannerhed, Petter. "Structural Diagnosis Implementation of Dymola Models using Matlab Fault Diagnosis Toolbox." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138753.
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Models are of great interest in many fields of engineering as they enable prediction of a systems behaviour, given an initial mode of the system. However, in the field of model-based diagnosis the models are used in a reverse manner, as they are combined with the observations of the systems behaviour in order to estimate the system mode. This thesis describes computation of diagnostic systems based on models implemented in Dymola. Dymola is a program that uses the language Modelica. The Dymola models are translated to Matlab, where an application called Fault Diagnosis Toolbox, FDT is applied. The FDT has functionality for pinpointing minimal overdetermined sets of equations, MSOs, which is developed further in this thesis. It is shown that the implemented algorithm has exponential time complexity with regards to what level the system is overdetermined,also known as the degree of redundancy. The MSOs are used to generate residuals, which are functions that are equal to zero given that the system is fault-free. Residual generation in Dymola is added to the original methods of the FDT andthe results of the Dymola methods are compared to the original FDT methods, when given identical data. Based on these tests it is concluded that adding the Dymola methods to the FDT results in higher accuracy, as well as a new way tocompute optimal observer gain. The FDT methods are applied to 2 models, one model is based on a system ofJAS 39 Gripen; SECS, which stands for Secondary Enviromental Control System. Also, applications are made on a simpler model; a Two Tank System. It is validated that the computational properties of the developed methods in Dymolaand Matlab differs and that it therefore exists benefits of adding the Dymola implementations to the current FDT methods. Furthermore, the investigation of the potential isolability based on the current setup of sensors in SECS shows that full isolability is achievable by adding 2 mass flow sensors, and that the isolability is not limited by causality constraints. One of the found MSOs is solvable in Dymola when given data from a fault-free simulation. However, if the simulation is not fault-free, the same MSO results in a singular equation system. By utilizing MSOs that had no reaction to any modelled faults, certain non-monitored faults is isolated from the monitored ones and therefore the risk of false alarms is reduced. Some residuals are generated as observers, and a new method for constructing observers is found during the thesis by using Lannerheds theorem in combination with Pontryagin’s Minimum Priniple. This method enables evaluation of observer based residuals in Dymola without any selection of a specific operating point, as well as evaluation of observers based on high-index Differential Algebraic Equations, DAEs. The method also results in completely different behaviourof the estimation error compared to the method that is already implemented inthe FDT. For example, one of the new observer-implementations achieves both an estimation error that converges faster towards zero when no faults are implementedin the monitored system, and a sharper reaction to implemented faults.
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Wai, Chi-wan, and 衛至韻. "Development of shell vial culture assay for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses using the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo2) cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193551.
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Background: Respiratory diseases are common worldwide, which are caused by various respiratory viruses. As symptoms caused by these viruses are similar, laboratory diagnosis is essential to distinguish the virus. Conventionally, respiratory viruses are isolated by cell culture with a panel of cell lines. However, handling of several cell lines is labour intensive, and the turnaround time of conventional culture is long. In previous study, the use of human colon adeno-carcinoma (Caco-2) in conventional culture was investigated. The study has proven that Caco-2 is generally susceptible to the eight common respiratory viruses, i.e. Adenovirus, Influenza A and B, Respiratory Syncytial virus, Parainfluenza virus 1, 2,3 and 4. As turnaround time of conventional culture is long; therefore, in this study, rapid shell vial culture using Caco-2 cells were evaluated. Moreover, the application of Caco-2 shell vial culture on recovering human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was also investigated.
Materials and methods: This study consisted of four stages. First, recovery of viruses by conventional culture and shell vial culture of Caco-2 were compared. Specimens were added to conventional culture and shell vial simultaneously. For conventional culture, formation of CPE was examined daily and IF staining was performed when CPE was indicated; meanwhile, shell vial culture were incubated for seven days and stained with IF to detect infected cells. In stage two, the effect of incubating shell vial culture in rolling drum was investigated. Shell vials inoculated with the same specimen in duplicate were incubated in rolling drum and without rolling drum simultaneously. IF staining was performed in day 2, and results were obtained. For those which are IF negative in day 2, second shell vial was further incubated to seven days before harvest. In the next stage, a large batch of samples was used to evaluate on the use of Caco-2 shell vial culture in day 2 and day 7. Lastly, Caco-2 shell vial and conventional culture and LLC-MK2 conventional culture were tested for isolation of hMPV.
Results: Compared to Caco-2 conventional culture, recovery rate of shell vial culture was elevated slightly. When experimenting on the effect of incubation in rolling drum, results showed that recovery rate was raised in shell vial with rolling drum in day 2, moreover, the percentage of positive cells were increased significantly (p value < 0.05). Furthermore, in the evaluation of Caco-2 shell vial in day 2 and day 7, 75% of samples were isolated in day 2 while 85% were recovered in day 7. Lastly, in the investigation on recovery of hMPV, 53%, 42% and 17% hMPV positive cases were isolated by Caco-2 shell vial, Caco-2 conventional culture and LLC-MK2 conventional culture respectively.
Conclusion: First, although recovery rate by shell vial and conventional culture were similar, turnaround time was reduced from a week to a few days by shell vial culture. Therefore, Caco-2 shell vial culture is a more efficient than Caco-2 conventional culture in isolating respiratory viruses. The study also showed that incubation of shell vial in rolling drum able to increase the number of positive cells. Furthermore, in this study, Caco-2 cells were also shown to be more efficient in isolating hMPV when compare to LLC-MK2 cells.published_or_final_version
Microbiology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Lutz, Megan Elyse. "Guessing and cognitive diagnostics: A general multicomponent latent trait model for diagnosis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53446.
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A common issue noted by detractors of the traditional scoring of Multiple Choice (MC) tests is the confounding of guessing or other false positives with partial knowledge and full knowledge. The current study provides a review of classical test theory (CTT) approaches to handling guessing and partial knowledge. When those methods are rejected, the item response theory (IRT) and cognitive diagnostic modeling (CDM) approaches, and their relative strengths and weaknesses, are considered. Finally, a generalization of the Multicomponent Latent Trait Model for Diagnosis (MLTM-D; Embretson & Yang, 2013) is proposed. The results of a simulation study are presented, which indicate that, in the presence of guessing, the proposed model has more reliable and accurate item parameter estimates than the MLTM-D, generally yielding better recovery of person parameters. Discussion of the methods and findings, as well as some suggested directions for further study, is included.
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Karavolos, Stamatios. "Diagnosing 'his' infertility : men's experiences and reflections on the diagnosis of azoospermia." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3568.
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Background: A male cause is the main or a contributing factor in up to 50% of couples presenting with infertility. Azoospermia (lack of sperm in the semen) is present in approximately 15% of infertile men. Unlike psychosocial aspects of female infertility, male attitudes to their own infertility are poorly understood. Male infertility can potentially have a significant impact on psychological and social aspects of men’s lives, impacting negatively on self-image, relationships and causing psychological distress. Objective data in this area is lacking. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the diagnosis of azoospermia on men’s psychological and social functioning. Method: This was a qualitative interview study, involving fifteen men with azoospermia attending a fertility clinic. All men were over twenty three years of age and suffering from primary infertility for more than a year. Participants gave their own account of how they perceived the experience of receiving the diagnosis, undergoing further investigations and having treatment. Data were collected between June 2013 and November 2013. The interviews were fully transcribed and analysed thematically using NVivo® software. Results: Major themes that emerged from the interviews included ‘reaction to the initial diagnosis’, ‘lack of cause and explanation’, ‘effect on interpersonal relationships’, ‘disclosure of the diagnosis’, ‘support seeking’ and ‘decisions regarding fertility treatment’. Key findings highlighted a feeling of shock and disbelief as a prominent part of men’s experience. Many men said that they never expected to be told of a ‘completely zero’ sperm count. Finding out was described as ‘heartbreaking’, ‘devastating’, ‘confusing’ and ‘sad’. The possibility of biological fatherhood was perceived as non-existent by some, with one commenting: ‘It felt as it was the end of the world’. One third of participants felt the diagnosis to be a threat to their masculinity, and to have a negative impact on their sense of self-confidence. Men found the lack of a precise aetiology frustrating and distressing. Most men were reluctant to share the diagnosis beyond close family members. The diagnosis brought partners closer together in most cases. Most men did not feel the need to seek external psychological support following the diagnosis and were satisfied with the support provided by clinic staff and their partners. A sperm retrieval operation was in most cases the only hope for establishing biological fatherhood. Decision- v making with regards to this and donor sperm treatment took into account multiple factors, including the risk of potential complications and side effects, their partner’s influence, and attitudes towards using donor sperm. Conclusion: Male infertility impacts substantially on men’s quality of life and healthcare professionals should be aware of this when investigating and treating patients with azoospermia. An improved understanding of men’s experiences is important for the provision of optimal clinical and psychosocial care. Better education and publicity about male factor infertility will reduce stigma and encourage men to seek help sooner. Men find the lack of specific aetiology frustrating and therefore further research is required into the aetiology of male infertility.
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Winter, Zuzana. "Impact of the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and its diagnostic process." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14396/.
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Contrary to the long-held assumptions, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is now considered a treatable disorder. Timely assessment has been recognised as one of the key treatment enablers and basic assessment standards have been stipulated by the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). The current study was the first to have specifically investigated the quality of the diagnostic process in light of the government recommendations. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse semi-structured interviews with eight adult female service users about their lived experiences with the original diagnostic disclosure of BPD. Five master themes and several subthemes featured in the majority of the participants’ experience: a) answer with a question mark; b) if only…; c) BPD like a star sign; d) star signs are not enough; it’s what happens afterwards!; e) being at the mercy of the system. Most participants’ experiences suggested that the original diagnostic process was largely negative and did not follow the national guidelines. Nevertheless, a minority of positive views also emerged. The findings are discussed with reference to the existing literature, whilst also detailing the study’s limitations, clinical and research implications.
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Tek, F. Boray. "Computerised diagnosis of malaria." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/92068/computerised-diagnosis-of-malaria.
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Miller, Chloe Louise. "A comparison of attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1083/.
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Technological advances in prenatal screening and diagnosis mean that it is now possible to test for a wide range of congenital conditions (Hewison et al., 2007). Traditionally testing has been carried out during pregnancy (prenatal diagnosis, PND). However, advances in technology have made it possible for diagnosis of an embryo created through in vitro fertilisation, prior to implantation into the womb (pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, PGD). This means that women can avoid the birth of a child with a genetic condition without the stress of terminating a pregnancy. This raises questions about what women want from reproductive technologies, as it means they are making decisions based not only on the condition diagnosed but also on the technology used to test. Two studies were carried out to examine this further. In the first study, 216 participants completed a questionnaire either based on PND or PGD. Participants were asked whether they would terminate a pregnancy (PND condition) or avoid implantation (PGD condition) following diagnosis of five different genetic conditions, ranging in severity. The results suggest an interaction between the technology (PND or PGD) and the severity of the genetic condition diagnosed, such that for the most and least severe conditions, the number of people choosing to terminate/avoid implantation was similar for the PND and PGD groups. However for conditions in the middle range of severity significantly more people said they would avoid implantation. A within subjects interview study was carried out to explore this further and thematic analysis identified a number of themes that influenced participants’ responses. Overall, the results suggest that PGD may be more acceptable for women in some cases. Women considering diagnoses are likely to benefit from detailed information about both PND and PGD in order to make a fully informed decision as to which is best for them.
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Fan, Xiaoxin. "Fault diagnosis of VLSI designs: cell internal faults and volume diagnosis throughput." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3450.
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The modern VLSI circuit designs manufactured with advanced technology nodes of 65nm or below exhibit an increasing sensitivity to the variations of manufacturing process. New design-specific and feature-sensitive failure mechanisms are on the rise. Systematic yield issues can be severe due to the complex variability involved in process and layout features. Without improved yield analysis methods, time-to-market is delayed, mature yield is suboptimal, and product quality may suffer, thereby undermining the profitability of the semiconductor company. Diagnosis-driven yield improvement is a methodology that leverages production test results, diagnosis results, and statistical analysis to identify the root cause of yield loss and fix the yield limiters to improve the yield.
To fully leverage fault diagnosis, the diagnosis-driven yield analysis requires that the diagnosis tool should provide high-quality diagnosis results in terms of accuracy and resolution. In other words, the diagnosis tool should report the real defect location without too much ambiguity. The second requirement for fast diagnosis-driven yield improvement is that the diagnosis tool should have the capability of processing a volume of failing dies within a reasonable time so that the statistical analysis can have enough information to identify the systematic yield issues.
In this dissertation, we first propose a method to accurately diagnose the defects inside the library cells when multi-cycle test patterns are used. The methods to diagnose the interconnect defect have been well studied for many years and are successfully practiced in industry. However, for process technology at 90nm or 65nm or below, there is a significant number of manufacturing defects and systematic yield limiters lie inside library cells. The existing cell internal diagnosis methods work well when only combinational test patterns are used, while the accuracy drops dramatically with multi-cycle test patterns. A method to accurately identify the defective cell as well as the failing conditions is presented. The accuracy can be improved up to 94% compared with about 75% accuracy for previous proposed cell internal diagnosis methods.
The next part of this dissertation addresses the throughput problem for diagnosing a volume of failing chips with high transistor counts. We first propose a static design partitioning method to reduce the memory footprint of volume diagnosis. A design is statically partitioned into several smaller sub-circuits, and then the diagnosis is performed only on the smaller sub-circuits. By doing this, the memory usage for processing the smaller sub-circuit can be reduced and the throughput can be improved. We next present a dynamic design partitioning method to improve the throughput and minimize the impact on diagnosis accuracy and resolution. The proposed dynamic design partitioning method is failure dependent, in other words, each failure file has its own design partition. Extensive experiments have been designed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed dynamic partitioning method.
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Pavlo, Anthony John. "Experiential Constructivist Diagnosis: A Comparison of Therapist Experiences of DSM and Experiential Constructivist Diagnoses." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1396977802.
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Overton, Timothy Graeme. "Minimally invasive prenatal diagnosis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7869.
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Hansen, Glenn. "Demonization guidelines for diagnosis /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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Dam, Maria Jella van. "Dyslipidemia; diagnosis and treatment." Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Rozenberg Publishers ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/58891.
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Ashley, Jeffrey. "DIAGNOSIS OF CONDITION SYSTEMS." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/341.
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In this dissertation, we explore the problem of fault detection and fault diagnosis for systems modeled as condition systems. A condition system is a Petri net based framework of components which interact with each other and the external environment through the use of condition signals. First, a system FAULT is defined as an observed behavior which does not correspond to any expected behavior, where the expected behavior is defined through condition system models. A DETECTION is the determination that the system is not behaving as expected according to the model of the system. A DIAGNOSIS of this fault localizes the subsystem that is the source of the discrepancy between output and expected observations. We characterize faults as a behavior relaxation of model components. We then show that detection and diagnosis can be determined in a finite number of calculations. The exact solution can be computationally involved, so we also present methods to perform a rapid detection and diagnosis. We have also included a chapter on a conversion from the condition system framework into a linear-time temporal logic(LTL) framework.
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Mak, Wai-yin, and 麥慧妍. "Influenza diagnosis and control." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193387.
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The evolution and spread of influenza virus impose great impact on the society in the past century. Humans are still facing the zoonotic threat arising from animal influenza viruses; however, the existing knowledge is not sufficient to provide an accurate prediction of the next pandemic strain. My objective is to put forward the preparedness for influenza pandemics in two ways: molecular diagnosis and cross-protective vaccine.
Influenza gene reassortment can take place during co-infection and produce novel viruses. While the pig is regarded as the potential mixing vessel for influenza viruses, it is important to develop rapid diagnostic assays to identify reassortment events in swine surveillance. In this study, rapid diagnostic assays were developed for genotyping pandemic H1N1/2009 and closely related swine influenza viruses. Eight real-time SYBR green-based reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) containing locked nuclei acid (LNA) probes differentiated segments derived from pandemic H1N1/2009, Eurasian avian-like (EA), and triple reassortant (TR) swine virus lineages. With the help of these assays, 41 swine isolates collected during January 2009 to January 2010 in an ongoing swine surveillance programme in Hong Kong were successfully genotyped. Ten of these viruses were pandemic H1N1/2009 viruses, suggesting zoonotic transmissions of the virus from humans to pigs. A novel pandemic reassortant was also discovered during the course of surveillance. This study is the first to show pandemic H1N1/2009 virus has reassorted with other endemic swine viruses in the pig population. The genotyping assays provide a rapid and high throughput screening method to select viruses of interesting segment combination for downstream sequencing analysis and characterization. They will be useful for understanding viral reassortment and complex evolutionary dynamics in routine swine surveillance activities.
Current influenza vaccines are strain-specific and the production schedule shows significant delay to reach the general population. The study aims at engineering a novel live attenuated virus vaccine which offers cross-subtypic protection. The feasibility for the conserved hemagglutinin (HA) stalk domain to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies was investigated. By manipulating the segment-specific packaging sequences, a nine-segment A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8) influenza virus carrying the headless HA of a different subtype (A/Hong Kong/1/1968 (H3N2)) (HK68) was generated by reverse genetics. The virus showed attenuated growth in in vitro cell culture and reduced pathogenicity in mice. Although mice vaccinated with this vaccine were better protected in the challenge of HK68 virus in comparison to unvaccinated mice, there is not enough evidence to verify cross-reactive immunity conferred by the HK68 headless HA immunogen, due to the heterosubtypic response induced by live virus administration. The absence of cross-neutralizing antibodies in immune sera may be explained by sub-optimal folding of the HK68 headless HA. Further studies are needed to modify the immunogen into its native conformation and elucidate the underlying vaccine-host interactions.
These two studies have resulted in a useful diagnostic tool to increase influenza surveillance capacity at the swine-human interface, and the foundation for better universal vaccine design based on the conserved HA stalk domain.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Nuttall, Simon. "NOSTRUM : constraint directed diagnosis." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254504.
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Vasylieva, Nataliya, Asabea Asare Barbara, and Rani Ekta. "Differential diagnosis of dizziness." Thesis, Матеріали XI науково-практичної конференції з міжнародною участю студентів та молодих вчених "Науковий потенціал молоді - прогрес медицини майбутнього", м.Ужгород, 2013. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6331.
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Terna, U. J., and I. Zenith. "Ultrasonography and modern diagnosis." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33869.
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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique used very often in the medical field for purposes of diagnosis or evaluation. It is a completely noninvasive procedure that involves the use of high-frequency sound waves to map an image of internal body structures the result of which has brought a revolution in modern diagnoses in medicine.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33869
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Chen, Jau-Yuan. "Mobile Energy Bug Diagnosis." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366382081.
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Adapa, Rajsekhar. "Techniques for improved diagnosis /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594486391&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Roongrasamee, Soisangwan Wanpen Chaicumpa. "Rapid diagnosis of shigellosis /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-RoongrasameeS.pdf.
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Strazzulla, Anthony Mark. "Diagnosis in Hippocrates' Epidemics." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014441.
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Pavlidis, Antonios. "Analog Hardware Fault Diagnosis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS452.
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Le nombre de circuits intégrés (CIs) utilisés dans les applications liées à des missions critiques et à la sûreté augmente sans cesse. Ces applications imposent aux CIs de présenter des propriétés de sûreté fonctionnelle. Cette thèse introduit un auto-test intégré (BIST) pour les CIs analogiques et à signaux mixtes, appelé autotest à symétrie (SymBIST) pour répondre à l’objectif de sûreté fonctionnelle. SymBIST repose sur le principe du BIST et sur l'existence de signaux invariants en fonctionnement nominal et variant en cas de fonctionnement erroné. Les invariants sont mesurés à l'aide de dispositifs intégrés spécifiques. SymBIST répond à trois objectifs de sûreté fonctionnelle : le test les défauts du CI, le test en ligne, et le diagnostic les défauts. SymBIST est démontré sur un convertisseur analogique-numérique à approximations successives (CAN SAR). Les résultats montent que la couverture de test et la précision de diagnostic sont plus élevées que l’état de l’artThe number of integrated circuits (ICs) used in safety- and mission-critical applications is ever increasing. These applications demand that ICs carry functional safety properties. In this thesis, we develop a Built-In Self Test (BIST) approach for Analog and Mixed-Signal (A/M-S) ICs, called Symmetry-Based Built-In Self Test (SymBIST), which achieves several objectives towards the functional safety goal. SymBIST is a generic BIST paradigm based on identifying inherent invariances that should hold true only in error-free operation, while their violation points to abnormal operation. The invariances are being checked using dedicated on-die checkers. SymBIST meets three functional safety objectives: post-manufacturing defect-oriented test, on-line testing, and fault diagnosis. SymBIST is demonstrated on a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC). The results show that the test coverage and diagnostic accuracy are promising compared to the state of the art
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Cheung, Lori. "Production of labeled DNA probes for the rapid diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis in immunocompromised patients." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26188.
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The increasing incidence of disseminated (invasive) candidiasis is probably attributable to iatrogenic factors and to improved pre and postmortem evaluation. Premortem diagnosis of such infections have seldom been made early enough for successful treatment. In order to increase the likelihood of successful antifungal chemotherapy, rapid diagnosis of such infections is vital. However, present diagnostic procedures for invasive candidiasis are insensitive and often do not reliably differentiate superficial from invasive infections.
This study was undertaken to produce DNA probes and to optimize conditions for rapid and efficient detection of Candida DNA. Seven random Candida albicans DNA fragments (2-7 kbp) were cloned into plasmid pACYC 184. These recombinant plasmids were labeled with either ³²p or biotin and used as probes. Two of the four recombinant plasmids tested were genus specific. The other two were slightly cross reactive with other yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula anomala). Probes labeled with ³²p were twice as sensitive as the biotin probes. One ³²p labelled recombinant (#66) detected 7 Pg of target DNA , which corresponds to approximately 2 X 10⁵ C.albicans cells. With refined simple DNA extraction procedures for C.albicans (in serum), these recombinant probes
could possibly be suitable for clinical application.Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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Deurloo, Eline E. "Correlation of diagnostic breast imaging data and pathology application to diagnosis and treatment /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/78340.
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Lorensson, Malin. "Diagnostic Powers : What a new diagnosis tells us about current workings of medicine." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-50812.
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This essay researches current workings of medicine in relation to contested, female diagnoses. This is made by looking at the construction of the new psychological diagnosis Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) in Swedish media, and relating it to a current trend seen in medicine; to medicalize women’s underperformance. A qualitative content analysis of 19 articles is conducted, showing that PMDD is constructed as; a biomedical fact and individual problem; a serious disease owned by the sufferers; and as something written out of the women’s self-image as a “not me”. These constructions are analysed with a theoretical framework built around the concept biomedicalisation, which we conceptualise as an exertion of biopower that shapes subjects in line with neoliberal ideals. Biopower is a concept from the Foucauldian notion of Governmentality, and describes power working on micro levels, through for example truth discourses, to make individuals understand and work on themselves as biological subjects. Our analysis shows that biopower can be seen to work through the different constructions of PMDD to shape self-managing, healthy subjects that are willing to biomedically change themselves in accordance with an ideological normal, but that this normal differs from that seen in research on other contested female diagnoses. To conclude we suggest that it would be more fruitful to look at biomedicalisation to understand current workings on female contested diagnoses, than to look at the trend on medicalisation of underperformance.
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Gellerstedt, Martin. "Interpretation of diagnostic information given patient characteristics /." Göteborg : Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/720.
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Conant, Lisa Lynn. "Variables associated with diagnostic errors or deferral in individuals with chronic illnesses." Connect to resource, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1144432501.
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Sinclair, Ann Elizabeth. "The effects of test result and diagnosticity on physicians' revisions of probability of disease in medical diagnosis." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3725.
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This study examined the effects of sensitivity, specificity and result of diagnostic tests on the uses which physicians make of those results. These were compared with the Bayesian model of probability adjustment, which is generally accepted for medical diagnosis. Ninety six active members of the Oregon Academy of Family Physicians were interviewed by telephone, using a case scenario describing a patient with a newly discovered breast lump. Subjects estimated prior probability of malignancy, based on history and physical findings, and then estimated posterior probability following results of a mammogram. Mammograms varied by result (positive or negative) and by high and low values for sensitivity and specificity. Subjects were asked to indicate their confidence in each probability estimate. About one third of the subjects were also asked for their treatment threshold -- that point at which they would change from a policy of watchful waiting to one of taking some action, which was usually biopsy of the lesion.
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Deuce, Gail D. "CHARGE syndrome is a medical diagnosis : can it also be an educational diagnosis?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6175/.
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CHARGE syndrome is a common cause of congenital deafblindness, but it has been contended individuals with CHARGE form a distinct group within the broader deafblind population. This thesis explores the education of learners with CHARGE and what the similarities and differences between these two groups might be. A review of literature identifies reported anomalies that may impact upon learning and development, and establishes very limited research-based evidence is available with regard to educational practice with this group of learners. Cycle 1 of this investigation involved document analysis of educational reports, revealing internal factors considered to influence learning and development, and external factors including assessment, support from external professionals and teaching strategies. These were explored further in Cycle 2 involving a questionnaire to teachers of a child with CHARGE and interviews of practitioners in an overseas educational establishment. Commonalities and distinctions between learners with CHARGE and the wider deafblind population were found, and also that established educational deafblind practice is applicable to learners with CHARGE, but that strategies may be alternatively employed and additional strategies also required. A variation in educational provision was also found according to the type of placement attended. In conclusion it was considered that, in a broad sense, educationally there is something unique and distinct in learners with CHARGE.
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Baxter, Holly. "Adjustment to an HIV diagnosis for recently diagnosed sub-Saharan Africans in the UK: are religion or spirituality related to post-diagnosis wellbeing or future thinking?" Thesis, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.583331.
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Sub-Saharan Africans (SSAs) are disproportionally affected by HIV in the UK. SSAs in the UK are also a group for whom religion is highly relevant, yet little is known about the possible associations between religion, spirituality and wellbeing or future thinking in this population. Previous studies have found associations between religion, spirituality and positive outcomes in the USA although much research to date has focused on levels of depression and depressive symptoms, to the neglect of positive aspects of wellbeing. Standardised self-report measures were used to measure wellbeing (psychological domain of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life HIV instrument), future thinking (The Future Thinking Task), HIV-related disability (overall function dimension of the HIV / AIDS targeted Quality of Life measure), Spirituality (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Wellbeing Scale), and Religion (Duke University Religion Index). A cross-sectional design was used to explore correlations between variables. The relationships between HIV-related disability and ( a) wellbeing and (b) future positive thinking were explored to establish whether spirituality or religion would mediate relationships between variables. 25 SSAs recently diagnosed with HIV (in the last 3-24 months) were recruited from 4 different sites. Spirituality was significantly associated with wellbeing and in multivariate analyses, HIV-related disability was significantly associated with both wellbeing and FPT. No aspect of religiosity was significantly associated with wellbeing or FPT. All other relationships were non-significant, however, due to the relatively small sample size the study is underpowered and therefore medium effect sizes have been reported between: wellbeing and future positive thinking; and spirituality and FPT. Spirituality did not mediate the relationships between HIV- 3 related disability and wellbeing. Additionally, neither spirituality nor any aspect of religiosity mediated the relationship between Hl'V-related disability and FPT. The results may support interventions which aim to decrease RIV-related disability and enhance spirituality in SSAs adjusting to RIV diagnoses in the UK. 4
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Oda, Masahiro, Takayuki Kitasaka, Kensaku Mori, and Yasuhito Suenaga. "DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM FOR COLORECTAL CANCER BASED ON NAVIGATION DIAGNOSIS." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10473.
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Dando, Charlotte. "The diagnosis of symptomatic forefoot neuroma from a clinical diagnostic protocol for podiatric assessment." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/427315/.
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There is limited evidence reporting the epidemiology of forefoot neuroma (FFN) in the general population of the United Kingdom (UK). Consequently, estimated incidence or prevalence are not known although the condition is considered common in the National Health Service (NHS) and private health care sectors. Therefore, there is a need to determine the extent of this condition to inform appropriate healthcare provision. Furthermore, it is thought that an accurate and timely diagnosis would improve the patient experience and use of pathways through the NHS. A specific set of symptoms, associated with FFN, has been consistently documented in the literature. Despite this, the optimal method for FFN diagnosis is challenging and anecdotally highly variable between clinicians; currently no reliable or valid clinical diagnostic protocol exists for the diagnosis of symptomatic FFN in podiatric practice. Therefore, there is a need to develop a clinical diagnostic protocol and to determine its reliability and validity. It was anticipated that accurate diagnosis will inform more targeted service planning and promote effective clinical decision making on the management options available to address participant reported symptoms. Three sequential studies were designed and delivered within a local NHS podiatry service line. In study one, the clinical pathways were reviewed and the numerical values of individuals accessing the local podiatry service for a forefoot assessment were defined. Study two developed a clinical assessment protocol (FNCAP) with agreed expert consensus for the diagnosis of FFN. Through study three, the content validity and reliability of FNCAP for the diagnosis of FFN was established. The findings of this thesis validate the estimated regional incidence and prevalence rates of symptomatic persons registered to the podiatry service line. However, records provided little insight into the diagnostic methods used to identify FFN from other forefoot pathology. This led to the development of a clinical diagnostic protocol from expert consensus for FFN. Through the Delphi study, six themes related to the clinical diagnosis of FFN: location of pain, non weight-bearing sensation, weight-bearing sensation, observations, clinical tests and imaging were identified. The themes were integrated such that 21 recommendations were identified and refined to form a clinical diagnostic protocol for FFN. The diagnostic test study indicated that there is content validity for the items that form FNCAP. The intra-rater reliability tests for the FNCAP revealed a 'moderate' threshold of agreement value. The sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95.6%) scores for FNCAP were high and indicated the FNCAP could be useful for diagnosing FFN in most cases. Feasibility testing of the FNCAP has indicated some usefulness in diagnosing FFN but further investigations are required to determine the FNCAP applicability in clinical practice.
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Shirahata, Mitsuaki. "Gene Expression-Based Molecular Diagnostic System for Malignant Gliomas Is Superior to Histological Diagnosis." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124241.
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Elieson, S. Willard (Sanfred Willard). "Development of an Expert System to Teach Diagnostic Skills." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331448/.
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The primary purpose of the study was to develop an expert system that could C D perform medical diagnoses In selected problem areas, and C2) provide diagnostic Insights to assist medical students In their training. An expert system Is a computer-based set of procedures and algorithms that can solve problems In a given domain. Two research questions were proposed. The first was "Given a problem space defined by a matrix of diseases and symptoms, can a computer-based model be derived that will consistently perform accurate and efficient diagnoses of cases within that problem area?" The second question was "If the techniques derived from the model are taught to a medical student, is there a subsequent improvement of diagnostic skill?" An expert system was developed which met the objectives of the study. It was able to diagnose cases in the two problem areas studied with an accuracy of 94-95%. Furthermore, it was able to perform those diagnoses in a very efficient manner, often using no more than the theoretical minimum number of steps. The expert system employed three phases: rapid search by discrimination, confirmation by pattern matching against prototypes, and elimination of some candidates (impossible states) by making use of negative information. The discrimination phase alone achieved accuracies of 73-78%. By comparison, medical students achieved mean accuracies of 54-55% in the same problem areas. This suggests that novices could improve their diagnostic accuracy by approximately 20% by following the simple rules used in the first phase of the expert system. Curricular implications are discussed. When 49 first-year medical students at the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine were exposed to some of the insights of the expert system by means of a videotaped 10- minute lecture, their diagnostic approach was modified and the accuracy of their diagnoses did improve. However, the degree of Improvement was not statistically significant. Recommendations for further research are made.
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Aiken, Andrew. "AKT-R4 a diagnosis tool." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25223.
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Kutluay, Yasin. "Diagnosis Of Eleventh Grade Students." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606660/index.pdf.
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The main purpose of this study was developing a three-tier test for assessing 11th grade students&rsquomisconceptions about geometric optic. The accessible population was all 11th grade science students in Bayrampasa, Istanbul. While developing the test, interviews and open-ended tests were used to collect data to create the three-tier test. An interview questionnaire was developed based on the literature review. 15 11th grade students were interviewed by this questionnaire. Then, an open-ended test was created based on the interview results and also the literature review. It was applied to 114 11th grade science students. The responses of the students for each item were categorized considering the frequencies. Then, these categories were used in the development of the Three-tier Geometric Optic Misconception Test (TTGOMT). The categories were used as the distracters of the items in the TTGOMT. Besides, some of the distracters were extracted from the interview results and the literature review even if they had no frequencies in open-ended test results. The test was applied to the 141 11th grade high school students. A factor analysis was conducted to establish the content validity of the TTGOMT and five categories were found. Also, the proportions of the false positives and false negatives were estimated to establish the content validity and found 28.2 % for the false positives and 3.4 % for false negatives. The construct validity was established by estimating a correlation between the scores of the students for the first two tiers and confidence levels for the third tier. Two reliability analyses were conducted by using Cronbach alpha. One of the reliability analyses was estimated based on the correct answers of the students for all the three tiers together and found 0.55. The other one was estimated based on the misconceptions of the students and found 0.28. Moreover, item analysis was done for each item by using Iteman program.
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Nakamura, Ryogo. "Diagnosis of Ulnar Wrist Pain." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5370.
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Yonehara, Atsunori. "Microlensing Diagnosis of Quasar Structure." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150832.
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Watkin, Richard. "The diagnosis of infective endocarditis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408833.
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