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Moore, Amy, Laura Opton, and Wendy Thal. "Safety measures for nurses working abroad." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 17, no. 4 (2019): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nme.0000559592.04244.27.
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Cho, Min-Sang. "Measures to improve accident management for maritime safety." Korean Society of Private Security 21, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2022.21.1.171.
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Maritime safety is directly related to the life of citizens in many parts. Various organizations on safety and accidents in the sea are playing a role, and now is the time to try to change for the purpose of ‘management’. This study attempts to take a comprehensive approach in relation to maritime safety. The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement measures by combining the characteristics of the sea and accident management.
The research method primarily analyzed the official data of related organizations on marine accidents and coastal accidents to identify the threats to marine safety. After that, the improvements required in terms of the management of marine accidents are presented as follows.
First, it is necessary to improve the data and information management system on maritime accidents. Second, a committee should be created to improve the cooperative relationship of related organizations. Third, a step-by-step cooperation system should be established by strengthening the expertise of the private sector. Fourth, it is necessary to periodically implement safety diagnosis for maritime safety. Fifth, an incentive system should be prepared for maritime safety improvement activities.
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Hong, Hai Feng, Zhen Chen Chang, Chen Hui Yang, and Xue Dong Wang. "Metrorail Train Safety Monitoring Central Node Network Computing Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 455 (November 2013): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.455.431.
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Metrorailtrain safetyguarantee and accident preventive measures become more stringent as severity of collisions and derailments happens frequently. Aninnovative safety monitoring and early warning network technology is discussed. This computing environment named Centralnode is used in several Metrorail trains under working condition. It integrates trains real-time dataaccording to aspects of vehiclesinterconnection, function service models and characteristic, uniform storage structure, circulation mechanism, diagnosis fusion interface. It improves the vehicles fault diagnosis accuracy and effectiveness.
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Prasanth Dhanapal, T., Noble Joy Manayanipuram, and Anuja Anna Cherian. "Radiation Safety: Endodontic Perspective." Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal 2, no. 1 (2017): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10048-0017.
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ABSTRACT Endodontists belong to the category of specialist dentists who depend much on dental radiography. Starting from the stage of disease diagnosis, radiography is of much importance in different stages of endodontic therapy, and further on radiographic evaluation is a tool for assessment of endodontic treatment. There is a heavy dependency on dental radiography in some form or other in the speciality of endodontics. As is the case with any ionizing radiation, radiation hazard is a phenomenon that matters a lot to this group of dental professionals. There needs to be a change in our attitude toward radiation safety measures, as many of our professional colleagues are seen much not to be bothered about the cumulative outcomes of radiation hazard, which can create havoc in our professional and personal lives. This article outlines the potential hazards that can happen by routine radiographic utilization in endodontic setup and tries to highlight the measures that need to be taken to mitigate the negative effects. How to cite this article Manayanipuram NJ, Dhanapal P, George L, Charlie KM, Cherian AA. Radiation Safety: Endodontic Perspective. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(1):8-11.
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Iyer, Ramesh S., Jennifer G. Schopp, Jonathan O. Swanson, Mahesh M. Thapa, and Grace S. Phillips. "Safety Essentials: Acute Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 64, no. 3 (August 2013): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2011.12.014.
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The objectives of this article are to review the diagnosis and management of acute nonrenal reactions to iodinated contrast media. We will begin by discussing the types of contrast media and their correlative rates of reaction. The mechanism of contrast reactions, predisposing risk factors, and preventative measures will then be discussed. The remainder of the article will review the assessment of potential reactions, initial management, and treatment algorithms for specific reactions.
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Claros, Boris, Madhav Chitturi, Andrea Bill, and David A. Noyce. "Roadway Safety Management in Small Municipalities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 3 (March 2020): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120910147.
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Roadway safety management consists of network screening, diagnosis, countermeasure selection, economic appraisal, prioritization, and safety effectiveness. Application of the safety management process is limited in small municipalities because of data, statistical expertise, and resources required. This paper addresses the challenges faced by small jurisdictions and illustrates the implementation of the safety management process for local agencies in the Madison metropolitan area in Wisconsin. Jurisdiction-specific crash prediction models were developed by intersection type using data from over 4,000 intersections. Performance measures included the Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO) average crash frequency with Empirical Bayes adjustments and the Level of Service of Safety (LOSS). Wisconsin Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) data was used to estimate local crash costs by severity and type. Sites were provisionally ranked in network screening, and diagnosis was automated based on intersection-observed crash types and distributions. Potential treatments were selected for each intersection and costs of treatments were obtained from local estimates and available literature. Crash cost benefit and treatment cost were used to estimate benefit–cost ratio (B/C) by site. A combination of sites that had the greatest overall cost-effective safety benefit on the network were selected through an incremental optimization process. This paper contributes to existing practice by illustrating the development of jurisdiction-specific crash prediction models, integration of pedestrian and cyclist crashes, application of EPDO and LOSS performance measures, and selection of sites with promise through an incremental optimization process for a given budget and resources available at the local level.
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Yang, Ming Li, San Ming Liu, Yong Hai Lv, Yang Zou, and Guo Dong Ding. "The Real-Time Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Safety Evaluation Model." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.453.
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In order to determine the best maintenance time of wind turbines and identify the fault type when it is the best time to do the diagnosis work immediately. The establishment of 4-level safety status model for critical parts of wind turbines, based on wind turbine parts’ significance level, was proposed. According to the corresponding safety level of the wind turbines in real-time working status, you can decide whether the wind turbine needs diagnosis at the time or not. Therefore, we should take measures to monitor the real-time working conditions of the wind turbine’s critical parts, confirming whether the critical part need the fault diagnosis analysis or not according to its real-time working safety status. If it is the right time, then the corresponding fault diagnosis process will be initiated, through which the real online fault diagnosis can be achieved. The multi-scale wavelet decomposition and Hilbert transformation was employed to get the useful parameters such as amplitude, effective value, mean value, kurtosis value and so on of the corresponding waveform to confirm the concrete diagnosis type.
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Na, Wenbo, Siyu Guo, Yanfeng Gao, Jianxing Yang, and Junjie Huang. "Single Fault Diagnosis Method of Sensors in Cascade System Based on Data-Driven." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 7340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217340.
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The reliability and safety of the cascade system, which is widely applied, have attached attention increasingly. Fault detection and diagnosis can play a significant role in enhancing its reliability and safety. On account of the complexity of the double closed-loop system in operation, the problem of fault diagnosis is relatively complex. For the single fault of the second-order valued system sensors, a real-time fault diagnosis method based on data-driven is proposed in this study. Off-line data is employed to establish static fault detection, location, estimation, and separation models. The static models are calibrated with on-line data to obtain the real-time fault diagnosis models. The real-time calibration, working flow and anti-interference measures of the real-time diagnosis system are given. Experiments results demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the fault diagnosis method, which is suitable for the general cascade system.
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Miligy, Dawlat A. "Laboratory errors and patient safety." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 28, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-10-2008-0098.
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Purpose – Laboratory data are extensively used in medical practice; consequently, laboratory errors have a tremendous impact on patient safety. Therefore, programs designed to identify and reduce laboratory errors, as well as, setting specific strategies are required to minimize these errors and improve patient safety. The purpose of this paper is to identify part of the commonly encountered laboratory errors throughout our practice in laboratory work, their hazards on patient health care and some measures and recommendations to minimize or to eliminate these errors. Design/methodology/approach – Recording the encountered laboratory errors during May 2008 and their statistical evaluation (using simple percent distribution) have been done in the department of laboratory of one of the private hospitals in Egypt. Errors have been classified according to the laboratory phases and according to their implication on patient health. Findings – Data obtained out of 1,600 testing procedure revealed that the total number of encountered errors is 14 tests (0.87 percent of total testing procedures). Most of the encountered errors lay in the pre- and post-analytic phases of testing cycle (representing 35.7 and 50 percent, respectively, of total errors). While the number of test errors encountered in the analytic phase represented only 14.3 percent of total errors. About 85.7 percent of total errors were of non-significant implication on patients health being detected before test reports have been submitted to the patients. On the other hand, the number of test errors that have been already submitted to patients and reach the physician represented 14.3 percent of total errors. Only 7.1 percent of the errors could have an impact on patient diagnosis. Practical implications – The findings of this study were concomitant with those published from the USA and other countries. This proves that laboratory problems are universal and need general standardization and bench marking measures. Originality/value – Original being the first data published from Arabic countries that evaluated the encountered laboratory errors and launch the great need for universal standardization and bench marking measures to control the laboratory work.
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Bernstein, John P. K., Tonya Rich, Stefanie McKnight, Julie Mehr, John Ferguson, and Adriana Hughes. "On-road driving test performance in veterans: Effects of age, clinical diagnosis and cognitive measures." Journal of Safety Research 77 (June 2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2021.01.005.
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Cavanna, Andrea E., and Stefano Seri. "Neurophysiological investigations for the diagnosis of non-epileptic attack disorder in neuropsychiatry services: from safety standards to improved effectiveness." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 28, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2016.10.
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ObjectiveThe discipline of clinical neuropsychiatry currently provides specialised services for a number of conditions that cross the traditional boundaries of neurology and psychiatry, including non-epileptic attack disorder. Neurophysiological investigations have an important role within neuropsychiatry services, with video-electroencephalography (EEG) telemetry being the gold standard investigation for the differential diagnosis between epileptic seizures and non-epileptic attacks. This article reviews existing evidence on best practices for neurophysiology investigations, with focus on safety measures for video-EEG telemetry.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review using the PubMed database in order to identify the scientific literature on the best practices when using neurophysiological investigations in patients with suspected epileptic seizures or non-epileptic attacks.ResultsSpecific measures need to be implemented for video-EEG telemetry to be safely and effectively carried out by neuropsychiatry services. A confirmed diagnosis of non-epileptic attack disorder following video-EEG telemetry carried out within neuropsychiatry units has the inherent advantage of allowing diagnosis communication and implementation of treatment strategies in a timely fashion, potentially improving clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness significantly.ConclusionThe identified recommendations set the stage for the development of standardised guidelines to enable neuropsychiatry services to implement streamlined and evidence-based care pathways.
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Vrbin, Colleen M., Dana M. Grzybicki, M. Sue Zaleski, and Stephen S. Raab. "Variability in Cytologic-Histologic Correlation Practices and Implications for Patient Safety." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-893-viccpa.
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Abstract Context.—The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 require that laboratories perform cytologic-histologic correlation, although the optimal methods and the value of performing correlation have not been determined. Objective.—To determine the similarities and differences in how laboratories perform cytologic-histologic correlation. Design.—One hundred sixty-two American laboratories were sent a letter requesting copies of the materials they used in the cytologic-histologic correlation process. The returned materials were classified into the categories of forms, logs, and tally sheets. A checklist (derived from the College of American Pathologists Laboratory Accreditation Cytopathology Checklist) was developed to classify the “minimum expected” (15) and “additional” data points that laboratories collected when they performed a correlation. Participants.—American pathology laboratories. Main Outcome Measures.—Measures were percentage of laboratories that recorded minimum expected and additional data points and the frequency with which specific minimum expected data points were recorded. Results.—The response frequency was 32.1%, and a total of 84 cytologic-histologic correlation materials were obtained. The only minimum expected variables recorded on forms or logs by more than 50% of laboratories were cytology case number, sign-out cytology diagnosis, surgical pathology case number, and sign-out surgical pathology diagnosis. Nine (17.3%) laboratories did not record data on forms, logs, or tally sheets. The mean number of minimum expected and additional variables recorded on forms was 6.5 and 8.7, respectively. Conclusions.—Laboratories record data from the cytologic-histologic correlation process in a number of ways, indicating the lack of standardization of the data collection process.
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Raab, Stephen S., Raouf E. Nakhleh, and Stephen G. Ruby. "Patient Safety in Anatomic Pathology: Measuring Discrepancy Frequencies and Causes." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-459-psiapm.
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Abstract Context.—Anatomic pathology discrepancy frequencies have not been rigorously studied. Objective.—To determine the frequency of anatomic pathology discrepancies and the causes of these discrepancies. Design.—Participants in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program self-reported the number of anatomic pathology discrepancies in their laboratories by prospectively performing secondary review (post–sign-out) of 100 surgical pathology or cytology specimens. Reasons for the secondary review included conferences, external review, internal quality assurance policy, and physician request. Participants.—Seventy-four laboratories self-reported data. Main Outcome Measures.—Frequency of anatomic pathology discrepancy; type of discrepancy (ie, change in margin status, change in diagnosis, change in patient information, or typographic error); effect of discrepancy on patient outcome (ie, no harm, near miss, or harm); and clarity of report. Results.—The mean and median laboratory discrepancy frequencies were 6.7% and 5.1%, respectively. Forty-eight percent of all discrepancies were due to a change within the same category of interpretation (eg, 1 tumor type was changed to another tumor type). Twenty-one percent of all discrepancies were due to a change across categories of interpretation (eg, a benign diagnosis was changed to a malignant diagnosis). Although the majority of discrepancies had no effect on patient care, 5.3% had a moderate or marked effect on patient care. Conclusions.—This study establishes a mean multi-institutional discrepancy frequency (related to secondary review) of 6.7%.
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Rahman, Md Hafizur. "Radiation Hazard, Safety, Control and Protection." Faridpur Medical College Journal 14, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v14i2.48188.
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The field of Radiology and Nuclear medicine has advanced from era of X-rays to today's modern imaging techniques, most of which use the ionizing radiation. With the benefits of better diagnosis and treatment, it has caused manifold increase in radiation exposure to the patients and the radiology and nuclear medicine personnel. Many studies done till date have clearly documented the harmful effects of ionizing radiation from radiation exposure, especially cancer. This is more important in paediatric population as their tissues are more radiosensitive, and they have more years to live. Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological procedures including nuclear medicine are integral part of modern medical practices, exposing both patients and medical staff to ionizing radiation. Without proper protective measures, this radiation causes many negative health effects. Hence, proper knowledge and awareness regarding the radiation hazards and radiation protection is mandatory for health professionals, especially the nuclear medicine and radiology professionals. International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) has recommended two basic principles of radiation protection, justification of the practice and optimization of protection.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 100-103
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Nguyen, Hoang. "An Application of the Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets in the Fault Diagnosis." Journal of KONBiN 52, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2022-0041.
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Abstract In this paper, a comprehensive review and critical analyses of methods based on the ordinary fuzzy set, Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy set, and its extensions have been conducted to show their limitations and defects. Then, a novel similarity measure based on the generalized score function has been introduced that incorporates the significance (importance) of information, making it more intuitive to compare them. The proposed method is employed for the fault diagnosis of steam turbine generator unit under Pythagorean fuzzy environment. Ten fault types of rotating machines are established as failure patterns in nine different vibration frequency ranges, expressed in terms of Pythagorean fuzzy numbers. The superiority of the proposed method in dealing with uncertain and vague information is shown by comparing it with some existing measures in numerical examples.
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Naessens, James M., Claudia R. Campbell, Bjorn Berg, Arthur R. Williams, and Richard Culbertson. "Impact of Diagnosis-Timing Indicators on Measures of Safety, Comorbidity, and Case Mix Groupings From Administrative Data Sources." Medical Care 45, no. 8 (August 2007): 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e3180618b7f.
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Scholl, Lynn, Mohamed Elagaty, Bismarck Ledezma-Navarro, Edgar Zamora, and Luis Miranda-Moreno. "A Surrogate Video-Based Safety Methodology for Diagnosis and Evaluation of Low-Cost Pedestrian-Safety Countermeasures: The Case of Cochabamba, Bolivia." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174737.
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Due to a lack of reliable data collection systems, traffic fatalities and injuries are often under-reported in developing countries. Recent developments in surrogate road safety methods and video analytics tools offer an alternative approach that can be both lower cost and more time efficient when crash data is incomplete or missing. However, very few studies investigating pedestrian road safety in developing countries using these approaches exist. This research uses an automated video analytics tool to develop and analyze surrogate traffic safety measures and to evaluate the effectiveness of temporary low-cost countermeasures at selected pedestrian crossings at risky intersections in the city of Cochabamba, Bolivia. Specialized computer vision software is used to process hundreds of hours of video data and generate data on road users’ speed and trajectories. We find that motorcycles, turning movements, and roundabouts, are among the key factors related to pedestrian crash risk, and that the implemented treatments were effective at four-legged intersections but not at traditional-design roundabouts. This study demonstrates the applicability of the surrogate methodology based on automated video analytics in the Latin American context, where traditional methods are challenging to implement. The methodology could serve as a tool to rapidly evaluate temporary treatments before they are permanently implemented and replicated.
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Hu, Yu, Jietang Zhu, Zhensheng Sun, and Lijia Gao. "Sensor fault diagnosis of gas turbine engines using an integrated scheme based on improved least squares support vector regression." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, no. 3 (September 11, 2019): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019873795.
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As the flight envelope is widening continuously and operational capability is improving sequentially, gas turbine engines are faced with new challenges of increased operation and maintenance requirements for efficiency, reliability, and safety. The measures for security and safety and the need for reducing the life cycle cost make it necessary to develop more accurate and efficient monitoring and diagnostic schemes for the health management of gas turbine components. Sensors along the gas path are one of the components in gas turbines that play a crucial role in turbofan engines owing to their safety criticality. Failures in sensor measurements often result in serious problems affecting flight safety and performance. Therefore, this study aims to develop an online diagnosis system for gas path sensor faults in a turbofan engine. The fault diagnosis system is designed and implemented using a genetic algorithm optimized recursive reduced least squares support vector regression algorithm. This method uses a reduction technique and recursion strategy to obtain a better generalization performance and sparseness, and exploits an improved genetic algorithm to choose the optimal model parameters for improving the training precision. The effectiveness of the sensor fault diagnosis system is then validated through typical fault modes of single and dual sensors.
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Newman-Toker, David E., J. Matthew Austin, Jordan Derk, Melissa Danforth, and Mark L. Graber. "Are health care provider organizations ready to tackle diagnostic error? A survey of Leapfrog-participating hospitals." Diagnosis 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2016-0048.
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AbstractBackground:A 2015 National Academy of Medicine report on improving diagnosis in health care made recommendations for direct action by hospitals and health systems. Little is known about how health care provider organizations are addressing diagnostic safety/quality.Methods:This study is an anonymous online survey of safety professionals from US hospitals and health systems in July–August 2016. The survey was sent to those attending a Leapfrog Group webinar on misdiagnosis (n=188). The instrument was focused on knowledge, attitudes, and capability to address diagnostic errors at the institutional level.Results:Overall, 61 (32%) responded, including community hospitals (42%), integrated health networks (25%), and academic centers (21%). Awareness was high, but commitment and capability were low (31% of leaders understand the problem; 28% have sufficient safety resources; and 25% have made diagnosis a top institutional safety priority). Ongoing efforts to improve diagnostic safety were sparse and mostly included root cause analysis and peer review feedback around diagnostic errors. The top three barriers to addressing diagnostic error were lack of awareness of the problem, lack of measures of diagnostic accuracy and error, and lack of feedback on diagnostic performance. The top two tools viewed as critically important for locally tackling the problem were routine feedback on diagnostic performance and culture change to emphasize diagnostic safety.Conclusions:Although hospitals and health systems appear to be aware of diagnostic errors as a major safety imperative, most organizations (even those that appear to be making a strong commitment to patient safety) are not yet doing much to improve diagnosis. Going forward, efforts to activate health care organizations will be essential to improving diagnostic safety.
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Ricci-Cabello, Ignacio, Kate S. Marsden, Anthony J. Avery, Brian G. Bell, Umesh T. Kadam, David Reeves, Sarah P. Slight, et al. "Patients’ evaluations of patient safety in English general practices: a cross-sectional study." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 660 (June 5, 2017): e474-e482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x691085.
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BackgroundDescription of safety problems and harm in general practices has previously relied on information from health professionals, with scarce attention paid to experiences of patients.AimTo examine patient-reported experiences and outcomes of patient safety in primary care.Design and settingCross-sectional study in 45 general practices across five regions in the north, centre, and south of England.MethodA version of the Patient Reported Experiences and Outcomes of Safety in Primary Care (PREOS-PC) questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 6736 patients. Main outcome measures included ‘practice activation’ (what a practice does to create a safe environment); ‘patient activation’ (how proactive are patients in ensuring safe healthcare delivery); ‘experiences of safety events’ (safety errors); ‘outcomes of safety’ (harm); and ‘overall perception of safety’ (how safe patients rate their practice).ResultsQuestionnaires were returned by 1244 patients (18.4%). Scores were high for ‘practice activation’ (mean [standard error] = 80.4 out of 100 [2.0]) and low for ‘patient activation’ (26.3 out of 100 [2.6]). Of the patients, 45% reported experiencing at least one safety problem in the previous 12 months, mostly related to appointments (33%), diagnosis (17%), patient provider communication (15%), and coordination between providers (14%). Twenty-three per cent of the responders reported some degree of harm in the previous 12 months. The overall assessment of level of safety of practices was generally high (86.0 out of 100 [16.8]).ConclusionPriority areas for patient safety improvement in general practices in England include appointments, diagnosis, communication, coordination, and patient activation.
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Bao, Yun, and Yuansheng Chen. "Lithium-Ion Battery Real-Time Diagnosis with Direct Current Impedance Spectroscopy." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154396.
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The health and safety of lithium-ion batteries are closely related to internal parameters. The rapid development of electric vehicles has boosted the demand for online battery diagnosis. As the most potential automotive battery diagnostic technology, AC impedance spectroscopy needs to face the problems of complex test environment and high system cost. Here, we propose a DC impedance spectroscopy (DCIS) method to achieve low-cost and high-precision diagnosis of automotive power batteries. According to the resistance–capacitance structure time constant, this method can detect the battery electrolyte resistance, the solid electrolyte interphase resistance and the charge transfer resistance by controlling the pulse time of the DC resistance measurement. Unlike AC impedance spectroscopy, DCIS does not rely on frequency domain impedance to obtain battery parameters. It is a time-domain impedance spectroscopy method that measures internal resistance through a time function. Through theoretical analysis and experimental data, the effectiveness of the DCIS method in battery diagnosis is verified. According to the characteristics of DCIS, we further propose a fast diagnostic method for power batteries. The working condition test results show that this method can be used to diagnose online battery life and safety.
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Mazur, Anna. "Domestic violence - local aspect. An attempt of a diagnosis." Praca Socjalna 37, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0726.
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The presented problem concerns the socially important issue of domestic violence. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the existing problem in the commune and the ways of counteracting violence. A great importance is given to the research covering the residents of the commune. The research results show that the problem exists. The victims of violence are mainly women and children, and the authors of the violence are their closest relatives. Much attention is paid to the help provided by the commune, family, institution, interdisciplinary team or the implementation of the Blue Cards procedure. The results of the research emphasize the importance of the commune's measures. Even more coordinated actions of the services should be undertaken to increase the safety of the victims and, above all, to increase the availability of various forms of assistance.
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Fierabracci, Alessandra, Andrea Arena, and Paolo Rossi. "COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 5145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145145.
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Coronavirus 2 (CoV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV2) is causing a highly infectious pandemic pneumonia. Coronaviruses are positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect several animal species, causing symptoms that range from those similar to the common cold to severe respiratory syndrome. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the SARS-CoV2 functional receptor. Measures are currently undertaken worldwide to control the infection to avoid disruption of the social and economic equilibrium, especially in countries with poor healthcare resources. In a guarded optimistic view, we hope that the undertaken preventive and treatment measures will at least contribute to contain viral diffusion, attenuate activity, or even eliminate SARS-CoV2. In this review, we discuss emerging perspectives for prevention/treatment of COVID-19 infection. In addition to vaccines under development, passive immunization is an open opportunity since patients develop neutralizing antibodies. A full spectrum of potential drugs for COVID-19 infections could in turn affect virus binding or enzymatic activities involved in viral replication and transcription. Furthermore, clinical trials are currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as tocilizumab. Bioinformatics may allow characterization of specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses; thus, CoV2 T cells’ frequency can be correlated with the disease severity and outcome. Combinatorial antibody phage display may be empowered to identify the immune repertoire of CoV2-specific neutralizing antibodies.
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Dobrowolski, Zbysław. "Energy and Local Safety: How the Administration Limits Energy Security." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164841.
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Energy safety is multifaceted and is not limited only to nuclear plants. The research on local energy safety is not considerable. This article creates new ground by analysing the Polish local energy safety system in the cause–effect context. Consistent with an abductive approach, this paper’s insights have emerged iteratively based on the theory reviewed and the empirical case. The research aimed to determine whether the local administration negatively affected energy security and proposed preventive measures increased limited energy security. The findings show that flawed local government operations reduce local energy safety. Moreover, the State authorities did not recognise the weaknesses of the local energy safety system properly. The findings make two main contributions: first, they contribute to developing energy safety theory; and second, this article contributes to a further contextual diagnosis of the comprehensive energy system and can, in turn, be relevant for its further studies in worldwide context.
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Dinamarca, F., L. Galindo, M. Grifell, E. Perez, V. Chavarria, P. Salgado, and S. Perez. "The agitated patient; need for mechanical restraint and prevention measures in relation to psychiatric diagnosis." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): s281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.754.
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IntroductionPsychomotor agitation is a common psychiatric emergency in our environment that can occur in a wide clinical spectrum. Both the agitation itself as the procedures for their control, carry an implicit risk to patient safety and health workers.ObjectiveTo describe the prevention measures used in patients requiring mechanical restraint in relation to diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.Material and methodsThis is a naturalistic descriptive study. Mechanical restraints made in brief psychiatric hospitalization units of “Hospital del Mar” between January of 2013 to March of 2015, were analyzed by diagnosis. Proportions of the prevention intervention performed by nurses in each episode were compared. The groups of prevention interventions done were: “verbal approach”, “environmental measures”, “psychopharmacological intervention”, “observation increase” and “inability for applying any measure because unpredictability”.ResultsA total of 2986 mechanical restraints were done in brief hospitalization units. Among the results, we find that verbal approach measure was use in 77.23% of patient with personality disorders. Environmental measures were used in 40% of the total of restraints. The most of psychopharmacological intervention was done in alcohol intoxication (50%) and then in psychotic spectrum (42.01%). The inability for applying measures was greater in alcohol intoxication (45.4%).ConclusionSome of the results of this study are interesting and consistent with clinical practice (for example, effectivity of pharmacological intervention in psychosis and bipolar disorders, as well verbal approach in anxiety, etc.), we can predict the usefulness of measures applied to prevent a mechanical restraint. Further research is needed in this topic.Disclosure of interestL. Galindo is a Rio-Hortega-fellowship – (ISC-III; CM14/00111).
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Prudnikov, V. S., S. P. German, E. I. Bolshakova, and M. V. Al Tall. "PATHOMORPHOLOGY, DIAGNOSTICS AND SPECIFIC PREVENTION OF VIRAL RESPIRATORY AND ABOMASOENTERITIC INFECTIONS IN CALVES." Transactions of the educational establishment “Vitebsk the Order of “the Badge of Honor” State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 57, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52368/2078-0109-2021-57-1-50-53.
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Viral diseases in calves are common and often occur in associations. Pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues at viral infections allow making a preliminary nosological diagnosis and develop therapeutic and preventive measures to eliminate diseases. A single immunization of cows with a live-virus vaccine by the “carpet method” prevents the infection of calves in utero, and increases the safety rate of newborn calves.
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Shestopalova, Tatiana N., and T. V. Gololobova. "THE RATIONALE FOR THE NEED TO IMPROVE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE IN THE SYSTEM OF PROVIDING QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 6 (June 15, 2018): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-6-537-541.
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Introduction. The article substantiates the necessity of the improvement of organizational measures on hand hygiene in the system of providing high-quality medical care. The safety of medical activities is noted to take one of the leading positions among the main criteria for assessing the quality of medical care. In this regard, the most important task of health care is to develop and improve the safety of medical care. Material and methods. The article presents up-to-date statistical data on the amount of social and economic damage associated with the insufficient safety of medical care in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation. The active development and introduction of new high-tech methods of diagnosis and treatment in medical organizations were noted to give rise the emergence of new risks, determines the need for continuous improvement of technologies, methods, and means of ensuring the safety of medical care. There was made a draw that the prevention of risks of the emergence of adverse consequences for the health and life of patients is determined by the effectiveness of technologies providing the safety of medical care. Results. There are presented results of sociological research conducted by the authors on issues of the compliance with mandatory requirements for the safety of medical care, in particular, on compliance with the requirements for hygienic treatment hands and the use of gloves by medical personnel in medical organizations of Moscow. Conclusion. There is made a conclusion on the basis of the obtained data on the need to develop and implement additional measures aimed at ensuring the safety of medical care. These measures include: - the development and implementation of standards of performance of procedures significant from the point of view of the safety in divisions of the medical facilities; - systematic training of personnel; - control for the compliance with mandatory requirements at each critically important stage; - providing materials of the required quality and in the required quantity for the provision of safe assistance; - development and implementation of measures of the administrative response in cases of violations of mandatory requirements by personnel.
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Vlahovic, Tracey C., Warren S. Joseph, Richard K. Scher, Antonella Tosti, Jesse Plasencia, David M. Pariser, and Bryan C. Markinson. "Diagnosis and Management of Onychomycosis." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 106, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/14-170.
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Onychomycosis is a fungal infection, and, as such, one of the goals of treatment should be eradication of the infective agent. Despite this, in contrast to dermatologists, many podiatric physicians do not include antifungals in their onychomycosis treatment plans. Before initiating treatment, confirmation of mycologic status via laboratory testing (eg, microscopy with potassium hydroxide preparation, histopathology with periodic acid–Schiff staining, fungal culture, and polymerase chain reaction) is important; however, more podiatric physicians rely solely on clinical signs than do dermatologists. These dissimilarities may be due, in part, to differences between specialties in training, reimbursement patterns, or practice orientation, and to explore these differences further, a joint podiatric medicine–dermatology roundtable was convened. In addition, treatment options have been limited owing to safety concerns with available oral antifungals and relatively low efficacy with previously available topical treatments. Recently approved topical treatments—efinaconzole and tavaborole—offer additional options for patients with mild-to-moderate disease. Debridement alone has no effect on mycologic status, and it is recommended that it be used in combination with an oral or topical antifungal. There is little to no clinical evidence to support the use of lasers or over-the-counter treatments for onychomycosis. After a patient has achieved cure (absence of clinical signs or absence of fungus with minimal clinical signs), lifestyle and hygiene measures, prophylactic/maintenance treatment, and proactive treatment for tinea pedis, including in family members, may help maintain this status.
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VAN ZEBEN, Josephine, and Bart A. KAMPHORST. "Tracking and Nudging through Smartphone Apps: Public Health and Decisional Privacy in a European Health Union." European Journal of Risk Regulation 11, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.100.
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In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, European Union (EU) Member States adopted technological solutions aimed at mitigating the effects of the virus, as well as enforcing newly adopted public health measures. Examples include apps for disseminating information, performing self-diagnosis, enforcing home quarantine orders and aiding contact tracing. This extensive use of technology for tracking and promoting public health raises important questions regarding EU citizens’ privacy. Thus far, the discourse in this regard has predominantly revolved around data protection, the risk of surveillance and the right to control access over one’s personal information (informational privacy). In light of the push towards a more unified approach to mitigating the current pandemic and future health crises through a European Health Union (EHU), we consider a different dimension of privacy that may be at risk when employing technology for public health, namely the right to non-interference with one’s decisions (decisional privacy). In particular, this article focuses on whether the advances in health-related persuasive technology, together with a more general movement towards “nudging” as an individual and public health tool, will require EU legislation to further protect decisional privacy by regulating “hypernudging” technologies and to guide the EHU in coordinating public health measures that utilise these technologies in a privacy-preserving way.
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Kickingereder, Philipp, Peter Willeit, Thorsten Simon, and Maximilian I. Ruge. "Diagnostic Value and Safety of Stereotactic Biopsy for Brainstem Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 1480 Cases." Neurosurgery 72, no. 6 (February 19, 2013): 873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31828bf445.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The feasibility and safety of stereotactic biopsy for brainstem tumors (BSTs) are controversial. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported as the preferred diagnostic tool, histopathological analysis is frequently necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis. Recent advances in molecular characterization of brainstem gliomas—accounting for the majority of BSTs—have revealed several potential targets for molecular-based therapies. Hence, a molecular stereotactic biopsy that combines histopathological diagnosis with molecular-genetic analysis will become increasingly important for patients with BSTs. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to determine the risks and benefits of stereotactic biopsy for BSTs. METHODS: A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science yielded 3766 potentially eligible abstracts. Meta-analysis was conducted on 38 studies describing 1480 biopsy procedures for BSTs. Primary outcome measures were diagnostic success and procedure-related complications. Data were analyzed according to standard meta-analytic techniques. RESULTS: The weighted average proportions across the analyzed studies were: 96.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.5%-97.6%) for diagnostic success, 7.8% (95% CI: 5.6%-10.2%) for overall morbidity, 1.7% (95% CI: 0.9%-2.7%) for permanent morbidity, and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5%-1.4%) for mortality. Meta-regression revealed a significant correlation between diagnostic success rates and the number of biopsy procedures performed annually in each center (P = .011). Other factors did not affect the outcome measures. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic biopsy of BSTs is safe. It allows exact histopathological diagnosis as a prerequisite for adequate treatment and opens new perspectives for the molecular characterization of these tumors as a crucial first step toward more individualized treatment concepts.
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Song, Peilin, Moyra McManus, Franco Motika, Steven Steen, Dan Knebel, and Julie Lee. "Diagnosis of a Faulty I/O Circuit Using PICA (Picosecond Imaging Circuit Analysis)." EDFA Technical Articles 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2002-1.p012.
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Abstract Picosecond imaging circuit analysis (PICA) is an advanced diagnostic technique that measures device switching activity on CMOS ICs through the backside of the die. Due to its relatively large field of view, it can quickly locate defects among large numbers of candidates. In this case study, the authors explain how they used PICA to identify a particular I/O circuit defect on the IBM System/390 G5 microprocessor. They also explain how they verified the diagnostic result using circuit simulations.
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Bakhai, Smita, Naren Nallapeta, Mohammad El-Atoum, Tenzin Arya, and Jessica L. Reynolds. "Improving hepatitis C screening and diagnosis in patients born between 1945 and 1965 in a safety-net primary care clinic." BMJ Open Quality 8, no. 3 (September 2019): e000577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000577.
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Individuals born between 1945–1965 represent 81% of all persons chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the USA and are largely unaware of their positive status. The baseline HCV screening rate in this population in an academic internal medicine clinic at a US hospital was less than 3.0%. The goal was to increase the rate of HCV screening in patients born between 1945 and 1965 to 20% within 24 months. The quality improvement team used the Plan Do Study Act Model. Outcome measures included HCV antibody screening, HCV RNA positive rate and linkage to hepatology care. Process measures included HCV antibody order and completion rates. The quality improvement team performed a root cause analysis and identified barriers for HCV screening and linkage to care. The key elements of interventions included redesigning nursing workflow, use of health information technology and educating patients, physicians and nursing staff about HCV. The HCV screening rate was 30.3% (391/1291) within 24 months. The HCV antibody positive rate was 43.5% (170/391), and HCV RNA positive rate was 95.3% (162/170). HCV infection was diagnosed in 12.5% (162/1291) of patients or 41.4% (162/391) of the screened population. Of those positive, 70% (114/162) were linked to hepatology care within the 24-month project timeframe. Eighty percent of patients seen by a hepatologist were treated with direct-acting antivirals agents. The HCV screening rate was sustained at 25.4% during the post-project 1-year period. Engagement of a multidisciplinary team and education to patients, physicians and nursing staff were the key drivers for success.
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Zivkovic, Slavoljub, Larisa Blazic, and Mila Kolar. "Lasers in dentistry." Serbian Dental Journal 51, no. 3 (2004): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0403146z.
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Lasers and laser technology is now used in many medical and dental indications. The aim of this study was to demonstrate many excellent points that should be considered by the dentist who is contemplating the use of lasers in dental practice. The interaction of laser radiation on soft tissue enables dry and bloodless surgery, minimal postoperative swelling and scarring, and minimal postoperative pain. Lasers for hard tisues encourage efficient diagnosis of caries and improve the resistence of dental enamel to caries, laser etching of enamel, cavity preparations, photopolymerization of composite resin and sterilization of the root canal system. All staff who are involved in using lasers must be trained with regard to treatment protocols and safety measures. All personnel and the patient must wear safety-approved glasses.
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Gupta, Rakesh, SK Parashar, HK Chopra, Sameer Shrivastava, Satish C. Govind, Abdullah Al Shafi Majumder, AKM Monwarul Islam, et al. "Joint Consensus Statement – Safety Precautions for Doing Echocardiography and Image Acquisition during COVID 19: Indian Academy of Echocardiography, Bangladesh Cardiac Society, Cardiac Society of Nepal, and Sri Lanka College of Cardiology." Cardiovascular Journal 13, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50573.
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An echocardiographic investigation is one of the key modalities of diagnosis in patients suffering from COVID 19, especially if they are elderly, have associated comorbid conditions, and pregnant. Hence, it is becoming extremely essential to look into the correct safety precautions, health-care professionals must take while conducting an echo investigation. At the same time, a focused echo examination aimed at correct imaging view acquisition in the shortest possible time is the need of the hour. The decision matrix formulated for conducting an echocardiographic evaluation is based on the presence or absence of cardiological comorbidity vis-a-vis positive or suspected for COVID- 19. The safety measures and image acquisition have been constructed keeping in mind the current safety precautions by the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India.
Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 97-101
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Kirimlioğlu, Nurdan. "PATIENT EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN TERMS OF PATIENT SAFETY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i12.2018.1090.
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Patient safety and prevention of medical errors in every stage of health services is among the priorities of health system. Measures taken for prevention of medical errors in patient safety, one of the most important in care quality for health services, are the basis of patient safety. Information, skill and behavior increasing the degree of patient safety and making learning from errors easier can be gained through both training of health professionals and patient. Today, patient education focused on accurate application of treatment aims firstly for providing patient and patient family with accurate decision ability on care and taking responsibilities. Patient education helps patient with learning and understanding of his/her diagnosis and treatment, gaining active self-care attitude, and getting rid of feeling “weakness” due to illness. This process, in which effective and observable changes in patient behaviors are aimed, is not limited to inpatient treatment, but continuous. Patient education is not limited to patient health, but also includes increasing health care quality. Patient’s healthcare expense get less and less proportionally as hospitalization time gets closer to end. Importance of patient education, financing of which is so profitable, increases more and more today.
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Swann, Ruth, Sean McPhail, Jana Witt, Brian Shand, Gary A. Abel, Sara Hiom, Jem Rashbass, Georgios Lyratzopoulos, and Greg Rubin. "Diagnosing cancer in primary care: results from the National Cancer Diagnosis Audit." British Journal of General Practice 68, no. 666 (December 18, 2017): e63-e72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x694169.
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BackgroundContinual improvements in diagnostic processes are needed to minimise the proportion of patients with cancer who experience diagnostic delays. Clinical audit is a means of achieving this.AimTo characterise key aspects of the diagnostic process for cancer and to generate baseline measures for future re-audit.Design and settingClinical audit of cancer diagnosis in general practices in England.MethodInformation on patient and tumour characteristics held in the English National Cancer Registry was supplemented by information from GPs in participating practices. Data items included diagnostic timepoints, patient characteristics, and clinical management.ResultsData were collected on 17 042 patients with a new diagnosis of cancer during 2014 from 439 practices. Participating practices were similar to non-participating ones, particularly regarding population age, urban/rural location, and practice-based patient experience measures. The median diagnostic interval for all patients was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 15–86 days). Most patients were referred promptly (median primary care interval 5 days [IQR 0–27 days]). Where GPs deemed diagnostic delays to have occurred (22% of cases), patient, clinician, or system factors were responsible in 26%, 28%, and 34% of instances, respectively. Safety netting was recorded for 44% of patients. At least one primary care-led investigation was carried out for 45% of patients. Most patients (76%) had at least one existing comorbid condition; 21% had three or more.ConclusionThe findings identify avenues for quality improvement activity and provide a baseline for future audit of the impact of 2015 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance on management and referral of suspected cancer.
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Cook, Fabian Alexander Blyth, Emma Millar, Flora Mclennan, Marc Janssens, and Catherine Stretton. "Non-Obstetric Safety of Epidurals (NOSE)." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 1 (January 2021): e000943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-000943.
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Epidurals are a useful perioperative procedure for effective analgesia that allow early mobilisation after major surgery and help to minimise postoperative pulmonary, cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications. However, there are potential rare but life-changing complications such as an epidural haematoma. These require a high standard of post-epidural care for prompt recognition and prevention of permanent paralysis. Following a local critical incident of delayed diagnosis of an epidural haematoma in a patient after epidural catheter removal, a multidisciplinary team undertook a Quality Improvement (QI) project to improve epidural safety. To achieve this aim, it is essential that healthcare staff are aware of the early signs of neurological complications during and after epidurals and of what action to take in the event of a developing complication. The application of robust QI methodology has contributed to a sustained improvement in the healthcare staff competence (as measured using a pulse survey) at managing patients who have received perioperative epidurals. This increased from a baseline mean survey score of 38% on three surgical step down wards (general surgery, vascular and gynaecology) to 68% (averaged over the most recent 3 months of the project time frame). Educational interventions alone rarely lead to meaningful and lasting impact for all healthcare staff, due to high turnover of staff and shift working patterns. However, with multiple plan, do, study, act cycles, and a robust QI approach, there was also sustained improvement in process measures, including the occurrence of written handover from high dependency to the step down wards (baseline 33%–71%), ensuring the application of yellow epidural alert wristbands to make these patients readily identifiable (56%–86%), and early signs in improvement in reliability of motor block checks for 24 hours’ post-catheter removal (47%–69%).
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Matos, Luís Carlos, Jorge Pereira Machado, Fernando Jorge Monteiro, and Henry Johannes Greten. "Can Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis Be Parameterized and Standardized? A Narrative Review." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020177.
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The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Western health systems and research requires a rational communicable theory, scientific proof of efficacy and safety, and quality control measures. The existence of clear definitions and the diagnosis standardization are critical factors to establish the patient’s vegetative functional status accurately and, therefore, systematically apply TCM therapeutics such as the stimulation of reflex skin areas known as acupoints. This science-based conceptualization entails using validated methods, or even developing new systems able to parameterize the diagnosis and assess TCM related effects by objective measurements. Traditionally, tongue and pulse diagnosis and the functional evaluation of action points by pressure sensitivity and physical examination may be regarded as essential diagnostic tools. Parameterizing these techniques is a future key point in the objectification of TCM diagnosis, such as by electronic digital image analysis, mechanical pulse diagnostic systems, or the systematic evaluation of acupoints’ electrophysiology. This review aims to demonstrate and critically analyze some achievements and limitations in the clinical application of device-assisted TCM diagnosis systems to evaluate functional physiological patterns. Despite some limitations, tongue, pulse, and electrophysiological diagnosis devices have been reported as a useful tool while establishing a person’s functional status.
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Mariappan, Muralindran, Vigneswaran Ramu, Brendan Khoo Teng Thiam, Thayabaren Ganesan, and Manimehala Nadarajan. "Medical Tele-Diagnosis Robot (MTR) - Internet Based Communication & Navigation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1177.
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Medical Tele-diagnosis Robot (MTR) is a cost effective telemedicine mobile robot that provides tele-presence capability for the specialist on a remote location to virtually meet the patient, perform diagnostics and consult the resident doctor regarding the patient via internet. This paper highlights on the development of a doctor-robot interface where the doctor or user can control the robot reliably via regular internet connection from a different location, a distributed secured network for MTRs communication, an audiovisual communication system for tele-diagnosis and a navigation safety system called Danger Monitoring System (DMS) as part of MTRs assistive internet based navigation remote control system. The overall setup and maintenance cost of MTR is reduced by adopting a decentralized network via hybrid P2P technology. With this, the network load is distributed among the users. As for the audiovisual system, the timeliness of the video transmission from the robot to the operator can be attained by CUDA H.264 video encoding to reduce the size of the video stream and by taking advantage of the highly-parallel processors in the graphics processing unit. Combinations of sensors are place around the robot to provide data on the robots surrounding during operation. The sensors data are fed into the DMS algorithm which is equipped with fuzzy logic based artificial intelligence system to process the data from all the sensors and user input to decide preventative measures to avoid any danger to humans and the robot in terms of obstacle avoidance and robot tilt angle safety. The overall system is tested by a set of experiments and found to be demonstrating an acceptable performance. This system proved to be suitable to be used in MTR.
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Xiao, Qin, Fan Luo, and Yapeng Li. "Risk Assessment of Seaplane Operation Safety Using Bayesian Network." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060888.
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Seaplanes have become popular tourism and transportation tools with the ability of take-off and land on water. Recent seaplane accidents are highlighting the need for safety analysis of the seaplane operation process, which includes the sequential stages of water-taxiing, take-off, flight, and landing. This paper proposes a novel approach to modeling the risk of seaplane operation safety using a Bayesian network (BN). The rough risk factors that may cause seaplane accidents are identified by historical data, literature review, and interviews with experts. Based on the identification result, a risk evaluation indicator system is constructed and screened by the Delphi method. The structure of the proposed BN is derived from the indicator system. The parameter of the BN is obtained by expert experience and parameter learning from statistical data. The BN model is validated with an out-of-sample test demonstrating nearly 95% prediction accuracy of the accident severity level. The model is then applied to conduct diagnosis inference and sensitivity analysis to identify the key risk factors for seaplane operation accidents. The result shows that the four most critical risk factors are mental barrier, mechanical failure, visibility, and improper emergency disposal. It provides an early warning to take appropriate preventive and mitigative measures to enhance the overall safety of the seaplane operation process.
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Kord, Ali, Behnam Rabiee, Siwen Wang, Sara Rostami, Ron C. Gaba, and Karen L. Xie. "A Concise Review and Required Precautions for COVID-19 Outbreak in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology." Radiology Research and Practice 2020 (July 22, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7159091.
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A global outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The rapid rise in the case numbers and mortality led to the saturation of hospitals in many countries. COVID-19 patients usually present with fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. Given the shortage of diagnostic kits in many countries and very high sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinically suspicious patients, the chest CT has been implemented among the primary initial methods of diagnosis before the confirmatory laboratory tests. This puts radiologists and radiology staff on the front line of this alarming pandemic. This report summarizes chest CT findings of COVID-19 patients to facilitate diagnosis and reviews a list of necessary precautions and safety measures for diagnostic and interventional radiology personnel. These precautionary plans are extremely important to avoid contamination of the health-care providers, as well as cross-contamination between patients.
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Bratnova, Olena. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF АLPORT SYNDROME DIAGNOSIS." Actual Problems of Nephrology 25 (March 19, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37321/nefrology.2019.25-03.
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Introduction. In the practice of adult nephrologists there are cases of rare genetically caused kidney damage, in particular, Alport syndrome. This is due to the availability and improvement of instrumental diagnostic methods, timely approaches to treatment in pediatric practice, and prolongation of the pre-dialysis period.
Goal. Analysis and synthesis of new data from domestic and foreign sources on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, types of inheritance, differential diagnosis of Alport syndrome in order to improve the success of students, interns and teachers in the study of nephrological subjects.
Material and methods. Review of contemporary and foreign literary sources; techniques – description, analysis, abstracting.
Results. Alport syndrome (AS, synonym: hereditary nephritis) is non-immune genetically determined glomerulopathy caused by a mutation of genes that encode collagen type IV of basement membranes, manifested by hematuria and / or proteinuria, a progressive decreased renal function, combined with pathology of hearing and abnormalities affecting the eyes. Alport syndrome inherited type: X-linked dominant (XLAS): 85%, autosomal recessive (ARAS): 15%, autosomal dominant (ADAS): 1%.
Conclusions. Family history, electron microscopy, immunochemical analysis of type IV collagen expression are informative for verifying the diagnosis of Alport syndrome. Due to the rarity of this disease, in addition, the fact that patients often refuse kidney biopsy, it is necessary to cooperate more closely with genetic laboratories, to take measures to improve the availability of molecular analysis of mutations of collagen IV genes. In addition, it is a fact that sometimes the family history of the disease is ambiguous, unavailable for genetic analysis, and patients refuse to have a kidney biopsy. It is a motive to encourage doctors to improve their educational work with patients about safety of this analysis and its value.
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Hansson Mild, Kjell, Ronnie Lundström, and Jonna Wilén. "Non-ionizing Radiation in Swedish Health Care—Exposure and Safety Aspects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071186.
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The main aim of the study was to identify and describe methods using non-ionizing radiation (NIR) such as electromagnetic fields (EMF) and optical radiation in Swedish health care. By examining anticipated exposure levels and by identifying possible health hazards we also aimed to recognize knowledge gaps in the field. NIR is mainly used in health care for diagnosis and therapy. Three applications were identified where acute effects cannot be ruled out: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electrosurgery. When using optical radiation, such as class 3 and 4 lasers for therapy or surgical procedures and ultra-violet light for therapy, acute effects such as unintentional burns, photo reactions, erythema and effects on the eyes need to be avoided. There is a need for more knowledge regarding long-term effects of MRI as well as on the combination of different NIR exposures. Based on literature and after consulting staff we conclude that the health care professionals’ knowledge about the risks and safety measures should be improved and that there is a need for clear, evidence-based information from reliable sources, and it should be obvious to the user which source to address.
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Nasonova, Tetiana, Tetiana Kolosova, Danylo Briakin, Natalia Mykhailovska, Igor Kurochkin, Tetiana Riabychenko, Olena Tyshkevych, Yurii Buhaiov, Yurii Holovchenko, and Valeriia Hushcha. "Neglect syndrome after ischemic stroke: diagnosis, treatment options." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii 27, no. 2 (99) (June 10, 2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v27-is2-2019-2.
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The purpose of the study: the study of clinical efficacy and safety of the Neuromidin® in the rehabilitation period in patients with primary ischemic stroke, its eff ect on motor, cognitive function, level of household adaptation, depending on the presence or absence of neglekt syndrome and "push-syndrome". 60 patients aged 49 to 82 years in the recovery period of ischemic stroke were examined (30 patients — the main group: treatment with the addition of Neuromidin®; 30 patients — control group: standard treatment without adding Neuromidin®). Investigation of motor, cognitive, and sensitive disorders was carried out with the use of clinical scales. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated in the absence of signs of neglekt syndrome and "push-syndrome", reduction of motor and cognitive impairment. Patients with neglekt syndrome showed greater dependence on third-party care and more severe cognitive impairment than in patients who had not been diagnosed neglekt syndrome. After treatment, the majori ty of patients achieved elimination of neglekt syndrome, but in the group where patients received Neuromidin®, the number of such patients was higher. In addition, patients in the main group improved cognitive function. The use of Neuromidin® in complex rehabilitation measures in patients with ischemic stroke contributes to the restoration of lost functions, reduces the phenomena of visual-spatial neglect, positively affects self-care and improves the quality of life of patients and their relatives.
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Godoroja-Diarto, Daniela, Alina Constantin, Cosmin Moldovan, Elena Rusu, and Massimilliano Sorbello. "Efficacy and Safety of Deep Sedation and Anaesthesia for Complex Endoscopic Procedures—A Narrative Review." Diagnostics 12, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071523.
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Propofol sedation for advanced endoscopic procedures is a widespread technique at present, which generates controversy worldwide when anaesthetic or non-anaesthetic personnel administer this form of sedation. There is some evidence for safe administered propofol sedation by non-anaesthetic personnel in patients undergoing endoscopy procedures, but there are only few randomised trials addressing the safety and efficacy of propofol in patients undergoing advanced procedures. A serious possible consequence of propofol sedation is the rapid and unpredictable progression from deep sedation to general anaesthesia mostly when elderly and frail patients are involved in the diagnosis or treatment of various neoplasia. This situation requires rescue measures with skilled airway management. The aim of this paper is to review the safety and efficacy aspects of sedation techniques, with special reference to propofol administration covering the whole patient journey, including preassessment, sedation options and discharge when advanced endoscopic procedures are performed.
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Adimora-Onwuka, Dina, and Mary Ann Kirkconnell Hall. "Beware the Unexpected Infection: Disseminated Varicella Zoster Virus Mimicking A Drug Eruption." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 10 (January 2022): 232470962211177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23247096221117785.
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Adverse cutaneous reactions to medications are not uncommon and may resemble viral infection and vice versa, complicating diagnosis. We describe the case of a 79-year-old male with cholangiocarcinoma with liver and presumed lung metastasis who presented with abdominal pain and was admitted with ileitis with partial small bowel obstruction. He had a widespread papulovesicular rash with hemorrhagic center, mostly on his face, chest, and back. The rash was initially thought to be a drug eruption, but was eventually diagnosed via dermatopathological examination as disseminated varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. Steroid treatment was discontinued, and airborne precautions were initiated. Polymerase chain reaction for VZV was obtained and intravenous acyclovir treatment was begun. This case of VZV, initially suspected to be an adverse drug reaction, highlights the importance of early identification of a highly infectious lesion and the importance of early infection control measures, given the implications of exposure to VZV for health care personnel.
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Lee, Hyun-Song. "A Study of Poverty and Social Security in Malaysia." International Area Review 5, no. 2 (September 2002): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590200500206.
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This paper makes a diagnosis of poverty and social security system in Malaysia. The socioeconomic gap between Malays and non-Malays, between urban dwellers and rural residents, and between Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah or Sarawak remains enormous despite government's aggressive affirmative action policies since the ethnic riot in 1969 along with the rapid economic growth. Malaysia's social security system holds institutional safety measures mainly for old age and industrial accidents, but none for sickness and unemployment. In the country the people covered by the institutional scheme of social security are limited to employed workers. About half of the total employed workers are covered by the Employment Provident Fund or related pension schemes, and those covered by the SOCSO's social insurance scheme stays at two thirds of the total workers. The rest of the populations are still not protected by any social security measures. New social insurance schemes to cope with unemployment and sickness together with a consistent effort to expand the comprehensiveness of existent measures are required for further socioeconomic development.
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Huber, Kurt, and Patrick Goldstein. "Covid-19: implications for prehospital, emergency and hospital care in patients with acute coronary syndromes." European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 9, no. 3 (April 2020): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872620923639.
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Hospitals play a critical role in providing communities with essential medical care during all types of disaster. Depending on their scope and nature, disasters can lead to a rapidly increasing service demand that can overwhelm the functional capacity and safety of hospitals and the healthcare system at large. Planning during the community outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is critical for maintaining healthcare services during our response. This paper describes, besides general measures in times of a pandemic, also the necessary changes in the invasive diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with different entities of acute coronary syndromes including structural adaptations (networks, spokes and hub centres) and therapeutic adjustments.
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Skrypnyk, О., V. Abrakitov, and A. Stepanenko. "RISK- ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC DIAGNOSIS DURING OPERATION OF SELF-PROPELLED LOADING CRANES OF THE ARROW TYPE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-267-271.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of managing the safe operation of hoisting machines with an expired service life is associated with solving extremely complex interrelated tasks through a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at establishing the actual risk and economic feasibility of further operation. The most important condition in this case is the conduct of an expert examination of industrial safety and technical diagnostics, the results of which make it possible to establish the real state of hoisting machines at the current time. The safety of hoisting machines, including after the expiration of the standard service life (assigned resource), is associated with design features, workmanship, installation quality, their operation modes and a number of other factors. However, for heavily loaded hoisting machines, the main technical obstacle to safe operation is metal fatigue The results of a statistical analysis of defects detected by expert diagnosis of self-propelled boom-type cranes that have fulfilled the standard operating period are presented. The largest number of defects is associated with the destruction and wear of structural elements, the occurrence of fatigue cracks and the violation of the operating conditions of the equipment. The greatest number of defects is found in the hydraulic system of cranes, elements of the cable-block system, less often in metal construction. To conduct a risk analysis of self-propelled jib cranes in conditions of insufficient information, a methodology for expert assessments is proposed. It allows you to evaluate the impact of potential defects of self-propelled jib cranes on the amount of economic damage to the crane itself and the transported load and on the magnitude of the traumatic impact on humans. Defects and damage to the metal structures of the cranes discovered during the examinations are the result of the following combination of reasons: low quality of the metal (mild steel); unsatisfactory design; unsatisfactory quality of manufacture and installation of individual elements; environmental aggressiveness; operation of cranes in an unintended mode, poor maintenance and repair Keywords: safety, propelled jib crane, defect, expert assessment, risk analysis, diagnosis.
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Semenova, Yu, A. Karpov, T. Takhauova, D. Kalinkin, A. Takhauov, E. Efimova, and D. Maximov. "Predictors of Acute Myocardial Infarction Development in Personnel of Radiation Dangerous Plants. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 66, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-1-37-43.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To examine the predictors of acute myocardial infarction development and to evaluate the relationship of the radiation component (external γ-radiation) with the probability of developing acute myocardial infarction in workers of radiation-dangerous plants working age (under 60 for men, 55 for women), by the example of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises personnel.
Material and methods: The work is based on the results of a prospective population study (1998–2013). The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was verified in 540 people of working age (34 women and 506 men). For each case selected control (n = 1,080) among the employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises, passed periodic medical examination in the study period. Every person was described by means of 46 variables including characteristics of social status, a number of risk factors, associated diseases, biochemical indices including the level of general cholesterol, the main clinical data, cumulative dose of external radiation and the amount of 239Pu content in an organism.
Results: It was determined that in the group of the personnel of working age the most important traditional predictors of acute myocardial infarction, less important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease are conditions of the individual accumulation of a dose, but not the magnitude of the total external doses in the evaluation range.
Conclusion: To improve the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the level of morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction, it is recommended to form risk groups taking into account the most significant predictors of this disease (age, systolic blood pressure, smoking). For the personnel of radiation dangerous plants working age insignificant conditions for the formation of radiation dose (age of first exposure, the rate of accumulation of radiation dose, duration of exposure) under conditions of trouble-free operation of the equipment.
Active measures for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and targeted correction of detected somatic disorders for the prevention of acute vascular catastrophes are expedient for workers of radiation hazardous industries from 40 to 60 years with an individual risk of acute myocardial infarction less than 50 % using the model described below.