Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diagnosis of bones'
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Söderlund, Veli. "Combined radiology and cytology in the diagnosis of bone lesions : a study of 494 patients /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-353-8/.
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Al-Rowaih, Ahmad. "Osteonecrosis of the knee with special reference to diagnosis and prognosis /." Lund : Dept. of Orthopedics, University Hospital, 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=pCpsAAAAMAAJ.
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Van, Greunen Francois. "Microcomputer-assisted diagnosis of inherited disorders of the skeleton." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25754.
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Several hundred inherited disorders of the skeleton have been delineated. Individually these conditions are rare, but as a group they cause much crippling and hardship. Several factors, including the rarity and complexity of the manifestations of these conditions, as well as semantic overlap, impede the accurate diagnosis which is essential for effective treatment. In this regard, the adoption of microcomputers warrants evaluation as a high technology aid. Microcomputers have developed tremendous capabilities during recent years. The state of the art has become such that a diagnostic aid facility on such a device has been demonstrated in various disciplines of medicine and may also be feasible in the area of inherited skeletal disorders. The study which forms the basis of this thesis, concerns the investigation of this feasibility and has led to the development of an effective working model which sets the basis for microcomputer-aided diagnosis. The design features followed in this project are similar to those conventionally employed for "Expert systems" on mainframe computers. A comprehensive knowledge base consisting of over 200 skeletal disorders and 700 radiographic and clinical manifestations, has resulted. Furthermore, the application is capable of "learning", although inference as employed by the inference engines of real expert systems, is not employed. In this context learning implies that the knowledge base, with the passage of time, improves considerably when used by experts. Serendipitous findings in this regard are: • 1) Considerable improvement of existing profile descriptions can occur without any increased demands on computer memory and storage space; • 2) Growth of the knowledge base in the form of additional disease profiles can be effected with very modest inroads on memory and storage resources. The computerized diagnostic aid which resulted from this thesis, has been demonstrated to be successful in both the Department of Human Genetics of the University of Cape Town and the Department of Paediatrics of the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz. Evaluated both in terms of efficiency and utility, the system provides an enhancement to the specialist genetic diagnostician. These achievements have been effected by means of a unique newly developed application of compressed bit-mapping, attained by writing the applicable programs in Turbo Pascal and 8086- assembler languages. Calculations indicate that much larger data bases may possibly be implemented on present-day microcomputers by means of the methods developed in this project.
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Elmadani, Ahmed Elkhidir. "An investigation of the contribution of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography to the diagnosis of skeletal metastases using bone scan in the African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53279.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Planar bone scintigraphy is highly sensitive but it may not be sensitive enough to detect subtle lesions in complex bony structures such as the spine. The accurate anatomic localisation of lesions in regions such as this is also limited using planar images. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) results in a higher lesion contrast resulting in an improved sensitivity for the detection of subtle lesions. SPECT also enables improved lesion localisation, often valuable in distinguishing benign from malignant disease in the spine. A number of previous studies have demonstrated that the addition of SPECT of the spine significantly enhances the value of bone scintigraphy for the detection of bone metastases compared to planar imaging alone. These studies were however not done in the African context where patients typically present with more advanced disease. In a retrospective study of 576 patients with known primary tumors sent to our institution for bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis of bone metastases, we evaluated 119 patients in whom both planar imaging and SPECT were obtained. The studies were graded for the probability of metastatic disease, and the number of spinal lesions was determined with and without SPECT. The influence of adding SPECT on the interpretation of the study was determined in terms of the reported probability of metastatic disease, the exclusion and confirmation of metastatic disease, the decisiveness of interpretation, and the number of spinal lesions. The addition of SPEeT resulted in a statistically significant change in the interpretation of studies, although the actual numbers of patients affected were relatively small. SPEeT resulted in a more decisive interpretation of bone scintigraphy. There was a significant increase in the number of spinal lesions detected after the addition of SPEeT. It was concluded that although the use of SPEeT is ideal, acceptable results could be achieved using planar imaging alone in this patient population. This is particularly relevant in the African context, where SPEeT is often unavailable or scarce and in great demand.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Planare beenflikkergrafie is hoogs sensitief, maar moontlik nie sensitief genoeg om subtiele letsels in ingewikkelde beenstrukture soos die werwelkolom aan te toon nie. Akkurate anatomiese lokalisasie van letsels in die genoemde strukture is beperk wanneer slegs planare beelde gebruik word. Enkelfoton-uitstraling Rekenaartomografie (EFERT) lewer 'n hoër letsel kontras, wat 'n verbeterde sensitiwiteit vir die opsporing van subtiele letsels tot gevolg het. EFERT lei ook tot verbeterde letsel lokalisasie, wat dikwels van waarde is om onderskeid tussen benigne en maligne siekte in die werwelkolom te tref. Reeds met 'n aantal vorige studies is aangetoon dat die toevoeging van EFERT van die werwelkolom die waarde van beenflikkergrafie in die opsporing van beenmetastases beduidend verhoog bo dié van planare beelding alleenlik. Hierdie studies is egter nie in omstandighede eie aan Afrika gedoen nie, waar pasiënte kenmerkend met gevorderde siekte voordoen. In In terugskouende studie van 576 pasiënte met bekende primêre tumore, wat na ons instelling verwys is vir beenflikkergrafie om beenmetastases op te spoor, het ons 119 pasiënte, wat beide planare beelding en EFERT ondergaan het, ge-evalueer. Die studies is gegradeer volgens die waarskynlikheid vir metastatiese siekte, en die hoeveelheid werwelkolom letsels, met en sonder EFERT, is bepaal. Die invloed van EFERT op die vertolking van die studie is bepaal in terme van die waarskynlikheid van metastatiese siekte, die bevestiging en uitskakeling daarvan, die beslistheid van vertolking, en die hoeveelheid werwelkolom letsels. Die toevoeging van EFERT het tot 'n statisties beduidende verandering in die vertolking van studies gelei, alhoewel die werklike getal pasiënte wat hierdeur geraak is, relatief min was. EFERT het 'n meer besliste vertolking van beenflikkergrafie tot gevolg gehad. Daar was 'n beduidende toename in die hoeveelheid werwelkolom letsels wat opgespoor is na die toevoeging van EFERT. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat, alhoewel die gebruik van EFERT wenslik is, aanvaarbare resultate met slegs die gebruik van planare beelding in hierdie pasiënt bevolkingsgroep verkry kan word. Dit is veral van belang in Afrikaomstandighede, waar EFERT dikwels onbeskikbaar of skaars is, en ook in groot aanvraag is.
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Serena, Alberto. "Synovial membrane microarthroscopy of the equine midcarpal joint technique application and evaluation of four vital stains /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/SERENA_ALBERTO_5.pdf.
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Björnsdóttir, Sigrídur. "Bone spavin in Icelandic horses : aspects of predisposition, pathogenesis and prognosis /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Radiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för klinisk radiologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv, 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6382-3.pdf.
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Maj, Jan Stanislaw. "The histopathological diagnosis of myelodysplasticsyndromes and acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia using glycol methacrylate embedded bone marrow biopsies." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25622.
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Jardine, Brittany A. "Differential diagnoses of temporal bone defects and zygomatic bone lesions found in fetal and infant individuals from the Kellis 2 cemetery, Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4777.
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The Kellis 2 cemetery site within the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt provides a unique study opportunity due to the large number of infant, perinatal, and fetal individuals that have been recovered. Several of the infant and fetal remains have undiagnosed circular defects on the temporal bone, and others have undiagnosed lesions on the zygomatic bone. Of the 268 individuals under one year of age that have been analyzed from the Kellis 2 cemetery, twenty-six individuals have the temporal bone defect and six have the zygomatic bone lesions. A survey of clinical and paleopathological research provided possible pathological conditions that could cause abnormalities such as defects or lesions on the temporal bones or zygomatic bones in the fetal and infant population. For this study, the temporal bone defects and zygomatic bone lesions were macroscopically observed and a descriptive analysis was created. The information garnered from the literature survey was then compared to the individuals from the Kellis 2 cemetery that had the temporal bone defects and zygomatic bone lesions to create a differential diagnosis. A differential diagnosis of the temporal bone defects includes mastoid emissary vein defects and petrosquamous sinus anomalies. A differential diagnosis of the zygomatic bone lesions includes scurvy. Contributing factors may also have been present in order for these defects and lesions to occur. Creating a differential diagnosis of the defects and lesions can provide information on the health, growth, and morbidity of the youngest members of the society related to the Kellis 2 cemetery.ID: 030646216; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-94).
M.A.
Masters
Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology; Archaeological Investigation Track
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Ellmann, Daniel, Andreas Klar, Philipp Sembdner, Stefan Holtzhausen, Christine Schöne, and Ralph Stelzer. "NC-gestützte Fertigung von Bohrschablonen für die dentale Implantation." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-214976.
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Einleitung
Bei Zahnverlust ist das Setzen eines Implantates eine gängige und etablierte Behandlungsmethode. Zahnimplantate bieten für den Patienten viele Vorteile. Im Vergleich zum Einsatz einer klassischen Brücke müssen keine Nachbarzähne beschliffen werden. Gesunde Zahnsubstanz bleibt erhalten. Der künstliche Zahn sitzt fest und sicher im Kiefer und bietet Schutz vor Knochenverlust. Ein Implantat leitet die beim Kauen entstehenden Kräfte gleichmäßig in den Kieferknochen. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die Sicherstellung der natürlichen Funktionen wie Kauen, Sprechen oder Lachen. Somit trägt implantatgetragener Zahnersatz erheblich zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität bei.
Zur Planung des chirurgischen Eingriffs und dem eigentlichen Setzen des Implantates sind die Zahnärzte und Zahntechniker auf Softwarelösungen angewiesen, welche nicht nur die Möglichkeit der Befundung, Analyse und Diagnostik bieten, sondern gleichermaßen die Informationen liefern, die erforderlich sind, um mit Hilfe eines Computers die Fertigung einer Bohrschablone zu planen (CAM-System) und mittels CNC-Fertigung herzustellen.
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Doody, Claire. "Heating of fetal bone by diagnostic ultrasound." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266460.
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Nagao, Jiro. "Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Alveolar Bone Resorption using Dental 3DCT Images." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10393.
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Ivanauskaitė, Deimantė. "Alveolar bone loss in radiographic modalities for diagnosis of periodontal disease." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110621_164329-13939.
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Radiographic modalities are used in addition to clinical methods to gain information about the patients. In the examination of the periodontium, which is comprised of the gingiva, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum, the radiographic examination plays an integral role for diagnosis of periodontal disease. The diagnosis periodontitis is based on a finding of alveolar bone loss. Changes of the alveolar bone can be assessed by different radiographic modalities, such as intraoral radiography (bitewing and periapical radiography) and panoramic radiography. Analysis of alveolar bone loss (alveolar bone level, detection of vertical bone defect and furcation involvement) in radiographic modalities and a systematic review could be helpful to suggest the more applicable radiographic methods for diagnosis of periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to examine diagnostic properties of panoramic radiography for the assessment of alveolar bone loss for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases as compare to posterior bitewing radiography. For 96 patients panoramic and posterior bitewing radiographs were performed and results of analysis of visibility of radiographic images and assessment of alveolar bone loss were compared. Also, the systematic review on diagnostic properties of panoramic radiography in the assessment of alveolar bone loss was performed. Based on the results of this study, recommendations for clinical practice and for research were proposed.Rentgeniniai tyrimo metodai taikomi, kad būtų papildyti klinikinio tyrimo duomenys. Tiriant periodontą, kurį sudaro dantenos, dantinė atauga, periodonto raiščiai ir cementas, rentgeninis tyrimas svarbus diagnozuojant periodonto ligas, nes jo metu nustatomi dantinės ataugos pokyčiai. Dantinės ataugos pokyčiams vertinti daromos rentgeno nuotraukos taikant vidinių burnos rentgeno nuotraukų darymo metodus, t. y. kandimo ar dantų šaknų rentgeno nuotraukų darymo metodus, ir išorinės burnos rentgeno nuotraukos darymo metodą, t. y. panoraminės rentgeno nuotraukos darymo metodą. Atlikus dantinės ataugos pokyčių (kaulo lygio arba rezorbcijos, kaulo defekto ir tarpšaknio kaulo pažeidimų) analizę, taikant rentgeninius metodus, ir padarius sisteminę literatūros apžvalgą, galima būtų pasiūlyti tinkamiausią rentgeno metodą periodonto ligoms diagnozuoti. Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti ir palyginti panoraminės rentgeno nuotraukos ir kaplių bei krūminių dantų rentgeno nuotraukų darymo metodų diagnostikos ypatybes vertinant dantinės ataugos pokyčius periodonto ligoms diagnozuoti. Kiekvienam, iš 96 pacientų įtrauktų į tyrimą, buvo padaryta panoraminė rentgeno nuotrauka ir kaplių bei krūminių dantų kandimo rentgeno nuotraukos. Atlikta dantinės ataugos rentgeno atvaizdo vizualioji kokybė analizė ir vertinimai skirtingose rentgeno nuotraukose bei palyginti rezultatai. Padaryta sisteminė literatūros apžvalga apie panoraminės rentgeno nuotraukos vertę diagnozuojant periodonto ligas. Pagal šio tyrimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Frost, Michelle Lorraine. "Evaluation of quantitative ultrasound in the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evaluation-of-quantitative-ultrasound-in-the-diagnosis-of-osteopenia-and-osteoporosis(22600f1a-1991-467f-a98c-11fb91a0893c).html.
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Efstratiades, Theodore. "Human bone-type acid phosphatase : its distribution, properties and use in diagnosis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37682.
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Meckel, Marian [Verfasser]. "Macrocyclic bisphosphonates for PET-diagnosis and endoradiotherapy of bone metastases / Marian Meckel." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1062595645/34.
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Mitchison, Harriet Caroline. "Primary biliary cirrhosis : studies in prognosis, early diagnosis, bone disease and treatment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241281.
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Moon, Eunsang. "Aging Alters Cervical Vertebral Bone Density Distribution." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1616595575448557.
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Donnelley, Martin, and martin donnelley@gmail com. "Computer Aided Long-Bone Segmentation and Fracture Detection." Flinders University. Engineering, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080115.222927.
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Medical imaging has advanced at a tremendous rate since x-rays were discovered in 1895. Today, x-ray machines produce extremely high-quality images for radiologists to interpret. However, the methods of interpretation have only recently begun to be augmented by advances in computer technology. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems that guide healthcare professionals to making the correct diagnosis are slowly becoming more prevalent throughout the medical field.
Bone fractures are a relatively common occurrence. In most developed countries the number of fractures associated with age-related bone loss is increasing rapidly. Regardless of the treating physician's level of experience, accurate detection and evaluation of musculoskeletal trauma is often problematic. Each year, the presence of many fractures is missed during x-ray diagnosis. For a trauma patient, a mis-diagnosis can lead to ineffective patient management, increased dissatisfaction, and expensive litigation. As a result, detection of long-bone fractures is an important orthopaedic and radiologic problem, and it is proposed that a novel CAD system could help lower the miss rate. This thesis examines the development of such a system, for the detection of long-bone fractures.
A number of image processing software algorithms useful for automating the fracture detection process have been created. The first algorithm is a non-linear scale-space smoothing technique that allows edge information to be extracted from the x-ray image. The degree of smoothing is controlled by the scale parameter, and allows the amount of image detail that should be retained to be adjusted for each stage of the analysis. The result is demonstrated to be superior to the Canny edge detection algorithm. The second utilises the edge information to determine a set of parameters that approximate the shaft of the long-bone. This is achieved using a modified Hough Transform, and specially designed peak and line endpoint detectors.
The third stage uses the shaft approximation data to locate the bone centre-lines and then perform diaphysis segmentation to separate the diaphysis from the epiphyses. Two segmentation algorithms are presented and one is shown to not only produce better results, but also be suitable for application to all long-bone images. The final stage applies a gradient based fracture detection algorithm to the segmented regions. This algorithm utilises a tool called the gradient composite measure to identify abnormal regions, including fractures, within the image. These regions are then identified and highlighted if they are deemed to be part of a fracture.
A database of fracture images from trauma patients was collected from the emergency department at the Flinders Medical Centre. From this complete set of images, a development set and test set were created. Experiments on the test set show that diaphysis segmentation and fracture detection are both performed with an accuracy of 83%. Therefore these tools can consistently identify the boundaries between the bone segments, and then accurately highlight midshaft long-bone fractures within the marked diaphysis.
Two of the algorithms---the non-linear smoothing and Hough Transform---are relatively slow to compute. Methods of decreasing the diagnosis time were investigated, and a set of parallelised algorithms were designed. These algorithms significantly reduced the total calculation time, making use of the algorithm much more feasible.
The thesis concludes with an outline of future research and proposed techniques that---along with the methods and results presented---will improve CAD systems for fracture detection, resulting in more accurate diagnosis of fractures, and a reduction of the fracture miss rate.
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BIEHLER, GOMEZ LUCIE. "THE CHALLENGING DIAGNOSIS OF BONE DISEASE: A REAPPRAISAL OF PATHOLOGICAL BONE MARKERS BASED ON THE CAL MILANO CEMETERY SKELETAL COLLECTION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/709255.
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La corretta identificazione delle malattie è fondamentale per la costruzione del profilo biologico dei casi forensi e archeologici. La diagnosi di patologie ossee consiste nel confronto della posizione e delle caratteristiche morfologiche di lesioni ossee comparando la letteratura clinica e i precedenti casi pubblicati per l'identificazione dell'agente patogeno. Da un lato, la letteratura clinica non è adeguata a comprendere le manifestazioni morfologiche e la distribuzione delle lesioni ossee sull’osso secco; dall’altro, la letteratura paleopatologica si basa principalmente su scheletri archeologici, dei quali si sa molto poco e su esemplari di musei di anatomia patologica, con manifestazioni ossee estreme di malattie.
Questa tesi mira a studiare la diagnosi macroscopica di condizioni patologiche basate su scheletri con anamnesi cliniche antemortem utilizzando una collezione osteologica di riferimento: la CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection, focalizzandosi sull’aterosclerosi, l’artrite reumatoide, il diabete mellito, l’HIV/AIDS, il mieloma multiplo e il carcinoma solido metastatico. Oltre a questo obiettivo principale, sono state esplorate diverse linee di ricerca tra cui l'analisi istologica di manifestazioni calcificate non scheletriche di malattie, il confronto tra analisi macroscopica e radiografica delle lesioni ossee e la descrizione di lesioni ossee per le analisi patologiche attraverso l'esame di materiale scheletrico da casi cimiteriali, forensi e archeologici, nonché campioni estratti da cadaveri ben conservati durante autopsie.
Questa ricerca non solo ha implementato la letteratura scientifica sulle malattie delle ossa, ma ha anche fornito i mezzi per diagnosticare condizioni precedentemente non esaminate e ha sollevato alcuni problemi importanti sulla diagnosi delle condizioni scheletriche sull'osso secco.The correct identification of diseases is fundamental for the construction of the biological profile of forensic and archaeological cases. The diagnosis of bone diseases consists in the comparison of the location and morphological characteristics of bone changes with the clinical literature and previous published cases for the identification of the causative agent. While the clinical literature may not be adequate to understand the morphology and distribution of dry bone lesions, the current paleopathological literature is mostly based on archaeological skeletons, on which very little is known, and specimens from pathology museums, with extreme manifestations of diseases often unrepresentative of classic cases. This thesis aims to investigate the macroscopic diagnosis of pathological conditions based on skeletons with antemortem clinical diagnoses from a reference osteological collection: the CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection, and in particular atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, multiple myeloma and solid metastatic cancer. In addition to this main objective, several other research lines were explored including the histological analysis of non-skeletal calcified manifestations of diseases, the comparison between macroscopic and radiographic analysis of bone lesions and the description of bone lesions for pathological analysis on dry bones, through the examination of skeletal material from cemeterial, forensic and archaeological cases as well as samples extracted from well- preserved cadavers during autopsies. This research not only implemented the scientific literature on bone diseases but also provided specific documentation to diagnose conditions previously unexamined and raised some important issues on the diagnosis of skeletal conditions on dry bone.
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Ozdurak, Rabia Hurrem. "Vibration Analysis In The Diagnosis Of Bone Mineral Density In Healthy And Osteopenic Radius Bone And Its Correlation To Muscle Strength." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605109/index.pdf.
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Muscle strength is assumed to be closely related with BMD, the so called determinant of bone strength, however, new methods for bone strength measurement are arising. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), muscle strength and natural frequency of the radius in the dominant and non-dominant arm in healthy and osteopenic individuals aged between 50-70 years. Sixty sedentary male (thirty healthy and thirty osteopenic) participated this study. Bone mineral density assessment was performed by dual x-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT), whereas muscle strength was measured by an isokinetic dynamometer quantitatively. Natural frequency of the radius was determined by a dual channel frequency analyzer. Differences between BMD, muscle strength and natural frequency in healthy and osteopenic participants according to dominancy were examined by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient test was conducted to determine the magnitude of the correlation between cortical, trabecular and average BMD, muscle strength and natural frequency. Results demonstrated a statistically significant difference between BMD, natural frequency and muscle strength in the dominant arm of both groups. There was also a significant difference in the non-dominant arm in terms of BMD, natural frequency and muscle strength, except in total work in the non-dominant arms. Moreover, there was a moderate positive correlation between BMD measured by DEXA and natural frequency in the dominant arm (r = ,59p <
.001) and non-dominant arm (r = 0,64
p <
0.001), whereas the muscle strength was correlated to BMD with a low positive correlation in terms of peak torque in extension (r = ,36
p = ,005), peak torque in flexion (r = ,31
p = ,016), total work in extension (r = ,28
p = ,030) and total work in flexion (r = ,27
p = ,041) in the dominant arms. The correlation between muscle strength and BMD was not significant in the non-dominant arm. The highest correlation between natural frequency and bone geometry parameters was observed in cortical thickness (r = ,82
p = ,02). A statistically significant positive correlation (r = ,81
p = ,04) was also observed between average BMD measured by QCT and by DEXA. In summary, according to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that vibration analysis is a precise method in predicting bone strength that depends highly on its size, shape and the distribution of its trabecular and cortical components.
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PALAGANO, ELEONORA. "NEW INSIGHTS IN BONE BIOLOGY FROM EXOME SEQUENCING OF RARE SKELETAL DISEASES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/560129.
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Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful tool to identify new molecules involved in skeletal homeostasis. In particular we used WES to establish the molecular diagnosis of two particular skeletal diseases: osteopetrosis and the acrofrontofacionasal dysostosis 1 (AFFND1).
The osteopetroses are a group of rare bone diseases characterized by increased bone density due to the failure in bone resorption. Due to their genetic heterogeneity, WES represents a valuable strategy to identify the genetic defect. We analyzed osteopetrotic patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) and autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO), which is the most severe form. In our cohort we performed molecular diagnosis of 4 ADOI or ADOII patients that carried mutations in the LRP5 and CLCN7 genes, respectively. The analysis of ARO patients confirmed TCIRG1 as the most frequently mutated gene, identified mutations in the other known ARO genes and in genes very rarely associated with osteopetrosis, namely FERMT3 and USB1. Of note, we demonstrated the causative role of four deep intronic mutations in TCIRG1 gene and two different synonymous changes in the TCIRG1 and CLCN7 genes in the pathogenesis of the disease. In addition, WES helped in the differential diagnosis in a patient who was found to bear a mutation in the FAM20C gene, known to cause Raine syndrome.
Regarding AFFND1, this is an extremely rare syndrome, comprising facial and skeletal abnormalities, short stature and intellectual disability. WES found a novel truncating mutation in the neuroblastoma-amplified sequence (NBAS) gene in two Indian patients (c.6237-3C>G). This mutation impaired NBAS functions in HEK293T cells overexpressing the truncated NBAS protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NBAS expression in mouse embryos was compatible with a role in bone and brain development and that the depletion of endogenous z-nbas in fish embryos resulted in defective morphogenesis of chondrogenic cranial skeletal elements. Overall, we provided evidence supporting the hypothesis of a causative role of the mutated NBAS gene in the pathogenesis of AFFND1.
In conclusion, we effectively exploited WES in the genetic diagnosis of rare skeletal diseases. We also highlighted potential limitations of this approach, specifically with respect to deep intronic mutations and synonymous changes, and underlined the importance to complement WES with analysis at the transcript level and functional validation, when possible.
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Ryan, Timothy Michael. "The structure and function of trabecular bone in the femoral head of strepsirhine primates." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3023558.
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Duvall, Craig L. "The Role of osteopontin in postnatal vascular growth functional effects in ischemic limb collateral vessel formation and long bone fracture healing /." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01102007-130423/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.David Harrison, Committee Member ; Ravi Bellamkonda, Committee Member ; Larry McIntire, Committee Member ; Oskar Skrinjar, Committee Member ; W. Robert Taylor, Committee Chair ; Robert Guldberg, Committee Chair.
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Erhardt, Gerber. "Accuracy of plain radiographs for diagnosing histologically proven malignant bone lesions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29291.
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Poletto, Karine. "Principais indicações para o exame de medula óssea no serviço de hematologia e transplante de medula óssea do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25112.
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O Exame de Medula Óssea (EMO) permite avaliação citológica da medula, sendo útil no diagnóstico e monitoramento de desordens hematológicas, quando exames mais simples não são suficientes para esclarecer o quadro clínico. Investigação clínica e laboratorial completa deve ser realizada para garantir que a indicação apropriada exista. São requeridas pelo menos duas colorações (Romanowsky e Azul da Prússia), onde devem ser avaliadas a qualidade da amostra, celularidade global da mesma, contagem diferencial de células nucleadas, relação Mielóide/Eritróide bem como cuidadosa avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa das três linhagens hematopoéticas (Granulocítica, Eritróide e Megacariocítica). O EMO fornece informações relevantes no diagnóstico e monitoramento de Leucemias/Linfomas, Mieloma Múltiplo (MM), Síndrome Mielodisplásica (SMD), Aplasia medular, doença metastática na Medula Óssea (MO), infecções em HIV positivos, febre de origem desconhecida e investigação de citopenias. Tendo em vista a classificação da OMS de 2008 para neoplasias mielóides e leucemias agudas cabe ressaltar a importância de unir achados citogenéticos, dentre os quais se destacam atualmente as mutações gênicas FLT3, KIT, NPM1 e CEBPA, aos achados morfológicos, imunofenotípicos, citoquímicos e clínicos, alcançando desta forma marcadores diagnósticos e prognósticos precisos que servem como guia para um tratamento eficaz. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar as principais indicações para o EMO no HCPA bem como verificar a acurácia das mesmas. Foram analisados 400 pacientes submetidos ao EMO na Unidade de Hematologia do HCPA no período de Janeiro a Dezembro de 2009, tendo sido resgatados todos os resultados do Aspirado de Medula Óssea bem como dados clínicos e laboratoriais relevantes obtidos do prontuário médico. Verificou-se que cerca de metade dos pacientes submetidos ao EMO em nosso centro são para controle de tratamento, o que está de acordo com as características do mesmo, o qual é referência regional para tratamento de doenças malignas. Nos pacientes que realizam o exame com propósito diagnóstico as indicações principais são suspeita de Leucemia e MM. Nos 260 pacientes com suspeita de doença hematológica primária observou-se confirmação da mesma em 61% dos casos, nos 39% restantes foram encontradas alterações qualitativas e/ou quantitativas (29%), MO normal (7%) e amostra insuficiente/diluída (3%). Dos pacientes que fizeram o exame com propósito diagnóstico 20.5% não fizeram biópsia. Com relação à acurácia da indicação, encontrou-se que 7 pacientes (2%) provavelmente não deveriam ter sido submetidos a este procedimento. Ressaltamos a importância de realizar em todos os casos Aspirado e Biópsia de MO simultaneamente uma vez que seus achados devem ser correlacionados e se a Biópsia for omitida o patologista pode não obter a informação máxima requerida.The Bone Marrow Examination (BME) permits cytological assessment of Marrow, being useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of hematological disorders, when simpler tests are not sufficient to clarify the clinical picture. Are required at least two colors (Romanowsky and Prussian blue), it should be evaluated the quality of the sample, the same overall cellularity, differential count of nucleated cells, myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio and carefull evaluation quantitative / qualitative from the three lineages of hematopoietic (granulocytic, erythrocytic and megakaryocytic). The BME provides information relevant to diagnosis and follow-up of leukemia/lymphoma, multiple myeloma (MM), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), marrow aplasia, bone marrow (BM) metastatic disease , infections in HIV positive, pyrexia of unknown origin and investigation of cytopenias. The 2008 classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) to the myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia highlight the importance of join cytogenetic findings - bring out currently FLT3, KIT, NPM1 and CEBPA gene mutations - to the morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytochemical and clinical findings reaching this way accurate diagnostic and prognostic markers that serve as a guide to effective treatment. This study aims to identify the main indications for the BME at HCPA and to verify their accuracy. It were analyzed 400 patients submitted to BME in the Hematology Unit of HCPA in the period January to December 2009, having been rescued the bone marrow aspirate results as well as all relevant clinical and laboratory data obtained from the medical records. It was found that about half of patients submit BME in our center are to control treatment, which agrees with the characteristics of it, it is a regional referral center for treatment of malignancies. In patients who perform the test with diagnostic purpose the main indications were suspected leukemia and MM. In 260 patients with suspected primary hematological disease 61.2% turned out to be the case, the remaining 38.8% had quantitative and/or qualitative BM alterations (29.6%), normal MO (6.5%) and insufficient sample or diluted (2.7%). Of the patients who took the exam with diagnostic purpose 20.5% had no biopsy. With respect to accuracy of indication, it was found that 7 patients (2%) probably should not have undergone this procedure. We emphasize the importance of performing in all cases aspirate and biopsy since their findings must be correlated and furthermore if the biopsy is omitted the pathologist can not get the maximum information required.
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Brasme, Jean-François. "Délais diagnostiques des cancers de l’enfant : distribution, déterminants et conséquences." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T062/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier la distribution, les déterminants et les conséquences des délais diagnostiques des cancers de l’enfant, par une revue systématique de la littérature, une analyse des plaintes déposées en France et au Canada et par des études ad hoc en population sur les tumeurs ayant des délais particulièrement longs : le médulloblastome et le sarcome d’Ewing.La revue systématique n’a pas retrouvé de diminution significative de la longueur des délais au cours du temps. Les délais longs étaient associés à un âge élevé, au type histologique et à la localisation de la tumeur. Les relations entre délai et gravité de la maladie étaient variables. Seul un tiers des conclusions des expertises judiciaires (n = 56) étaient concordantes avec les données de la littérature.Le délai diagnostique médian des enfants atteints de médulloblastome en Ile-de-France (n = 166) était de 65 jours. Les délais longs étaient associés paradoxalement à des métastases moins fréquentes et à une histologie favorable, mais pas à la survie ni aux séquelles.Le délai diagnostique médian des enfants atteints de sarcome d’Ewing en France (n = 436) était de 70 jours. Les délais longs, liés à un âge élevé et à la localisation de la tumeur, n’étaient pas associés au volume tumoral, à la présence de métastases, à l’opérabilité ni à la survie.Pour certaines tumeurs, une association entre délais diagnostiques et gravité est établie (rétinoblastome) ou hautement probable. Pour d’autres, l’absence d’association démontrée permettrait de dédramatiser la perception de leurs conséquences, sans dispenser d’essayer de réduire ces délais, notamment pour en atténuer les conséquences psychologiquesThe aim of this thesis was to study the distribution, determinants and consequences of time to diagnosis of cancer in children, through a systematic review of the literature and an analysis of lawsuits in France and Canada, and two population-based studies of tumors with particularly long diagnosis delays: medulloblastoma and Ewing sarcoma.The systematic review did not identify any significant decreases in time to diagnosis during the studies. Long times to diagnosis were associated with older age, histological type and location of the tumor. Associations between time to diagnosis and severity of the disease varied. Only a third of the court-appointed experts (n = 56) provided testimony concordant with the available medical literature.The median time to diagnosis of children with medulloblastoma in the area of Paris (n = 166) was 65 days. Diagnosis delays were paradoxically associated with less frequent metastasis and favorable histology, but not with survival, or sequelae.The median time to diagnosis of children with Ewing sarcoma in France (n = 436) was 70 days. Diagnosis delays, related with older age and tumor location, were not associated with tumor size, presence of metastasis, surgical outcome, or survival.For some tumors, an association between time to diagnosis and severity of the disease is well established (e.g. retinoblastoma), or highly probable. For others, the lack of demonstrated associations could tone down the perception of the supposed consequences of diagnosis delays - but does not exempt from trying to reduce them, in order to alleviate their psychological consequences
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Löfman, Owe. "Osteoporosis in women : epidemiological and diagnostic perspectives /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med737s.pdf.
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Fujimoto, Ryota. "Diagnostic accuracy of bone metastases detection in cancer patients : comparison between bone scintigraphy and whole-body FDG-PET." Kyoto University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135892.
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Edvinsson, Benjamin. "Molecular diagnosis of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in immunocompromised patients /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-877-0/.
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Srinivasan, Soorya. "Reliability and Accuracy of Assessing TAD - Tooth Root Contact using CBCT." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1553782462280014.
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Vinnars, Bertil. "Scaphoid fractures : Studies on diagnosis and treatment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8845.
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Bediz, Bekir. "Human Tibial Bone Strength Prediction By Vibration Analysis For Diagnosing Progressing Osteoporosis." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610694/index.pdf.
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Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that needs to be properly diagnosed. The current diagnosing procedure of osteoporosis is based on the mineral density of bones measured by common methods such as dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, due to the deficiencies and limitations of these common methods, investigations on the utilization of other non-invasive diagnosing methods have been executed. For instance, using vibration measurements seems to be a promising technique in diagnosing metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and also in monitoring fracture healing. Throughout this study, bone structural modal parameters obtained from vibrations experiments with decreasing mineral density are examined and therefore, it is aimed to find a new approach to detect osteoporosis or progressing osteoporosis by investigating a relation between structural dynamic properties and mineral density of bone. The main advantage of this study is that loss factor, which is an inherit property of bone, is investigated since in the previous studies mainly the changes in natural frequency of bones with the state of osteoporosis is examined.
In this thesis, both in vitro and in vivo experiments are carried out on human tibia specimens. The measured frequency response functions (FRFs) are analyzed using modal identification techniques to extract the modal parameters of the human tibia. The results obtained from in vitro experiments show that loss factor may be a powerful tool in diagnosing osteoporosis, however due to the difficulties encountered in the case of in vivo experiments makes the use of this parameter as a diagnosing tool difficult. It is also seen from in vivo experiments that there is a weak correlation between the natural frequencies of tibia and BMD measurements of patients. Therefore, in order to investigate the parameters affecting the natural frequencies of tibia, finite element (FE) model of human tibial bone is constructed. Using this FE model tibia, the effect of boundary conditions of experiments and geometry of the bone on natural frequencies of bone is examined. These analyses show that the effect of both boundary conditions and geometry of tibia is very high. Therefore, it is concluded that if the necessary conditions are satisfied, the using natural frequency information of tibia seems to be a possible and practical method that can be used to detect progressing osteoporosis. Also, using the FE model of tibia, the changes of natural frequencies of tibia with the variation in elastic modulus are investigated.
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PRAMSTRALLER, Mattia. "The edentulous posterior ridge: novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for bone augmentation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488163.
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Widhe, Björn. "Chest wall sarcomas." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-810-5/.
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Groves, Ashley McAllister. "16-detector multislice computed tomography and skeletal scintigraphy in the diagnosis of bone disease : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413261.
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Bidesi, Anup Singh. "Comparison of texture classification methods to evaluate spongy bone texture in osteoporosis /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422912.
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Tseng, Ling-I. Olivia. "Bone health and osteoporosis in women diagnosed with breast cancer in British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62872.
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Background: Women diagnosed with breast cancer are at higher risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Information is lacking on utilization of bone mineral density testing in British Columbia, and fracture risks associated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors to plan care.
Methods: Three studies were conducted on women diagnosed with breast cancer. Study 1, a retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the utilization of bone mineral density testing in 1995-2008 and identified factors associated with different testing rates using secondary data-linkage in older women aged ≥65 and diagnosed with breast cancer for ≥3 years in British Columbia, Canada. Study 2, a pilot randomized controlled trial, assessed the feasibility of a protocol designed to improve bone health management, especially bone mineral density testing rates, with educational material in older women aged ≥65 and diagnosed with breast cancer for ≥3 years. And study 3, a systematic review with meta-analysis, estimated fracture risks associated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors in younger women aged ≤65.
Results: In older women aged ≥65, proportions of women with ≥1 bone mineral density test per calendar year increased from 1.0% in 1995 to 10.1% in 2008. Women with lower socio-economic status or rural residence were significantly less likely to have a bone mineral density test. The study protocol is feasible with a promising effect of educational material on bone mineral density testing rates (17%, 95%CI=6 to 33) in the 54 participants during the pilot study six-month follow-up period. In younger women aged ≤65, fracture risk did not differ between the tamoxifen and no-tamoxifen groups. Aromatase inhibitor-associated fracture risk was 17% and 35% higher than the risks in the no-aromatase inhibitor group and tamoxifen group respectively. The higher aromatase inhibitor-associated fracture risk compared with tamoxifen descreased slowly over time. The risk was significantly higher during the treatment period, but not the post-treatment period.
Conclusions: Increased risk of fractures is reported in women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with aromatase inhibitors, while screening for osteoporosis with bone mineral density testing is sub-optimal. There is a need to improve bone health management programs which should include educational materials.Medicine, Faculty of
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Hirvasniemi, J. (Jukka). "Novel X-ray-based methods for diagnostics of osteoarthritis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526210384.
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Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is the commonest joint disease in the world, and it has a major socioeconomic impact. OA causes progressive degenerative changes in the composition and structure of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Clinical diagnosis of OA is based on physical examination and qualitative evaluation of changes on plain radiographs. Current clinical imaging methods are subjective or insensitive to early OA changes. Therefore, new methods are needed so as to quantify composition of the cartilage and characteristics of the subchondral bone. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of clinically applicable X-ray-based methods for the assessment of the cartilage proteoglycan content as well as the structure and density of subchondral bone in a knee joint. Subchondral bone density and structure (local binary patterns, Laplacian, and fractal-based algorithms) analysis methods for two-dimensional (2-D) plain radiographs were validated against three-dimensional (3-D) bone microarchitecture obtained from micro-computed tomography ex vivo and applied to plain radiographs in vivo. Furthermore, a method developed for the evaluation of articular cartilage proteoglycan content from computed tomography (CT) was validated against a delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC), which is widely used as a proteoglycan sensitive method, in subjects referred for an arthroscopy of the knee joint. Subchondral bone density and structure evaluated from 2-D radiographs were significantly related to the bone volume fraction and true 3-D microarchitecture of bone, respectively. In addition, bone density- and structure-related parameters from radiographs were significantly different among subjects with different stages of OA. Cartilage proteoglycan content evaluated from CT was significantly related to dGEMRIC method. Furthermore, dGEMRIC was associated with bone structure from a 2-D radiograph. In conclusion, analysis of bone structure and density is feasible from clinically available 2-D radiographs. A novel CT method sensitive to proteoglycan content should be considered when a 3-D view of cartilage quality is neededTiivistelmä Nivelrikko on maailman yleisin nivelsairaus. Se aiheuttaa merkittävää kärsimystä potilaille, ja sillä on suuri taloudellinen vaikutus yhteiskuntaan. Nivelrikko aiheuttaa palautumattomia muutoksia nivelrustokudoksen ja rustonalaisen luun koostumukseen ja rakenteeseen. Nivelrikon diagnoosi perustuu kliiniseen tutkimukseen ja röntgenkuvien silmämääräiseen arviointiin. Nykyiset nivelrikon kliiniset kuvantamismenetelmät ovat subjektiivisia eivätkä riittävän tarkkoja nivelrikon varhaisten muutosten osoittamiseen, minkä vuoksi rustokudoksen koostumuksen ja rustonalaisen luun muutosten arviointiin tarvitaan uusia menetelmiä. Tämän väitöskirjantyön tarkoituksena oli tutkia uusien röntgensäteilyyn perustuvien menetelmien soveltuvuutta polvinivelen rustokudoksen proteoglykaanipitoisuuden sekä luun tiheyden ja rakenteen arviointiin. Rustonalaisen luun tiheyttä ja rakennetta arvioitiin digitaalisesta röntgenkuvasta tietokonepohjaisilla menetelmillä ja tuloksia verrattiin mikrotietokonetomografiassa nähtävään luun kolmiulotteiseen rakenteeseen. Röntgenkuvasta laskettavia muuttujia verrattiin myös eriasteisesta nivelrikosta kärsivien henkilöiden välillä. Rustokudoksen proteoglykaanipitoisuutta epäsuorasti mittaavaa tietokonetomografiamenetelmää verrattiin vastaavaan magneettikuvausmenetelmään henkilöillä, jotka olivat menossa polven niveltähystykseen. Röntgenkuvasta laskettu rustonalaisen luun tiheys ja rakenne olivat tilastollisesti selkeästi yhteydessä luun tilavuusmäärään ja mikrorakenteeseen, ja ne erosivat eriasteisesta nivelrikosta kärsivien henkilöiden välillä. Proteoglykaanipitoisuutta arvioivien tietokonetomografia- ja magneettikuvausmenetelmien välillä oli tilastollisesti merkitsevä korrelaatio. Ruston proteoglykaanipitoisuutta arvioivan magneettikuvausmenetelmän ja röntgenkuvasta laskettavan luun rakenteen välillä oli myös tilastollinen yhteys. Loppupäätelmänä voidaan todeta, että luun tiheyttä ja rakennetta on mahdollista arvioida kliinisesti saatavilla olevista röntgenkuvista. Tietokonetomografiamenetelmän käyttöä tulee harkita tutkimuksissa silloin, kun rustokudoksen tilasta halutaan kolmiulotteista tietoa
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Douis, Hassan. "The role of imaging in advancing the understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and staging of central chondroid bone tumours." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/102063/.
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Central chondroid bone tumours are one of the most common primary bone tumours. Benign central chondroid tumours are termed enchondromas and its malignant counterpart are called chondrosarcomas. Enchondromas are frequently observed on routine imaging. Similarly, chondrosarcomas are the second most common primary bone tumour after osteosarcoma. Imaging is crucial in the diagnosis of central chondroid tumours and in the differentiation of enchondromas from chondrosarcomas. Furthermore, imaging plays a vital role in the staging of chondrosarcomas. In this thesis, the published scientific literature on the role of imaging in the diagnosis of benign chondroid tumours and chondrosarcomas and the role of imaging in the staging of chondrosarcomas is reviewed and summarised. Furthermore, the contribution of the authors’ published work is highlighted in the thesis. The first two articles are review articles which discuss the clinical and imaging features of benign and malignant chondrogenic tumours and the significance of imaging in the diagnosis of these tumours. The third article is an original article which investigates the theory of the pathogenesis of enchondromas. It is widely believed that enchondromas arise from cartilage islands which are displaced from the growth plate during the process of skeletal maturation. However, this theory is unproven, and the origin of this theory was forgotten prior to the authors’ study. Based on the incidental prevalence of enchondromas of the knee in the adult population of 2.9%, the study assesses the prevalence of cartilage islands/enchondromas in skeletally immature patients. In this study, no cartilage islands/enchondromas in skeletally immature patients were identified. The study therefore shows the rarity of enchondromas in skeletally immature individuals which is in contrast to the adult population. Furthermore, in view of the absence of cartilage islands in this study, the study raises doubts about the validity of the unproven theory. Lastly, the very origin of this theory is rediscovered in this thesis which has been forgotten in modern medicine. The fourth article is an original article which evaluates the role of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) in the diagnosis of central cartilage tumours. Prior to the authors’ study the role of DWI in the diagnosis of central cartilage tumours was uncertain. The authors’ study demonstrates that DWI cannot be used to differentiate between enchondromas and chondrosarcomas and that DWI does not aid in the distinction of low-grade chondroid tumours from high-grade chondrosarcomas. This is a finding which was not known prior to the study. The fifth article is an original article which assesses the utility of conventional MRI in the differentiation of low-grade from high-grade chondrosarcomas of long bone. Prior to the authors’ study the role of conventional MRI in the differentiation of low- grade from high-grade chondrosarcomas of long bone was unknown. The authors’ study shows that bone expansion, active periostitis, soft tissue mass and tumour length can be used to differentiate high-grade from low-grade chondral lesions of long bone on conventional MRI. Furthermore, the presence of these four MRI features shows a diagnostic accuracy of 95.6%. These findings were not known prior to the study and have significantly furthered the knowledge about the role of conventional MRI in the grading of chondrosarcoma of long bone. The sixth article is an original article which evaluates the role of bone scintigraphy and Computed Tomography of the chest in the staging of chondrosarcoma of bone. Whilst guidelines regarding the staging of bone sarcomas state that bone scintigraphy should be performed to assess for the presence of skeletal metastases and that Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest should be performed to evaluate for possible pulmonary metastases, there has been no research on the utility of bone scintigraphy in chondrosarcoma of bone and on the role of CT-chest in the staging of chondrosarcomas. Furthermore, the prevalence of skeletal and pulmonary metastases of chondrosarcoma at presentation was unknown prior to this study. The authors’ study demonstrated no skeletal metastases on bone scintigraphy in chondrosarcoma of bone at presentation. In contrast, pulmonary metastases were observed in approximately 5% of all patients with chondrosarcoma at presentation on CT-chest. The finding therefore demonstrates the rarity of skeletal metastases in chondrosarcoma of bone at presentation which is in contrast to osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. The study therefore concludes that there is little role for skeletal scintigraphy in the surgical staging of chondrosarcoma. In contrast, the study shows that there is a role for CT-chest in the staging of chondrosarcoma. These above described findings are important new findings and represent a significant contribution to the knowledge base regarding metastatic behaviour of chondrosarcomas at presentation and regarding the staging of chondrosarcoma of bone. In summary, the authors’ publications have significantly enhanced and furthered the understanding of the pathogenesis of enchondromas, the role of functional MRI in the differentiation of enchondromas from chondrosarcomas, the utility of MRI in the grading of chondrosarcomas and the role of skeletal scintigraphy in the staging of chondrosarcomas.
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Larikka, M. (Martti). "Diagnosis of orthopaedic prosthesis infections with radionuclide techniques; clinical application of various imaging methods." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514272315.
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Abstract
A variety of radiopharmaceuticals and imaging techniques are currently available for scintigraphic imaging of infections. However, comparisons on the clinical value of such techniques have been limited, especially in prosthesis infections.
This series included 138 cases with suspected prosthesis infections – 94 in hip and 44 in knee prostheses of patients whose final diagnoses were based on clinical, operative and microbiological findings, and who underwent three-phase bone, 99mTc -leukocyte and 99mTc-ciprofloxacin imaging in the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Oulu University Hospital and in the Laboratory, L?nsi-Pohja Central Hospital, during the years from 1993 to 2001.
The normal arterial and soft-tissue phase images of three-phase bone imaging practically excluded infection in hip prostheses, whereas these techniques frequently yielded false positive findings in patients with knee prostheses, resulting in specificity of 23% or less. In combined 99mTc-leukocyte/bone imaging, diagnostic accuracy was 80–86% at two- to four-hour images and 87–98% at 24-hour images. The 99mTc-ciprofloxacin images showed unspecific accumulation of tracer in the one-hour and four-hour images, which disappeared in the 24-hour images in most hip and knee prostheses. 99mTc-ciprofloxacin imaging yielded almost as good diagnostic accuracy as combined 99mTc-leukocyte/bone imaging.
In conclusion, in suspected hip prosthesis infections, normal findings in three-phase bone imaging exclude infection, whereas abnormal results in the arterial and soft-tissue phases should be confirmed with 99mTc-leukocyte imaging using 24-hour images. Contrary-wise, in suspected knee prosthesis infections, 99mTc-leukocyte imaging with 24-hour images is the first-line examination, and abnormal results in 24-hour images should be confirmed by using 99mTc-bone-metabolic imaging. 99mTc-ciprofloxacin yielded almost equally good results as 99mTc-leukocyte/bone-metabolic imaging, but unfortunately, the tracer is not commercially available, although it has been patented.
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Kourtidis, Savvas [Verfasser]. "Diagnostic value of computed tomography of the temporal bone in Eustachian tube dysfunction / Savvas Kourtidis." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220690163/34.
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Thuny, Franck. "Approche translationnelle de la recherche sur la prise en charge des endocardites infectieuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20707/document.
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L’endocardite infectieuse est une maladie grave dont sont victimes chaque année près de 2000 personnes en France et 17000 aux Etats-Unis. Malgré les progrès thérapeutiques, le taux de décès reste encore élevé avec des chiffres d’environ 20% pour la seule période hospitalière. Ces échecs sont en partie la conséquence d’un diagnostic souvent trop tardif et d’une évaluation pronostique insuffisante. En effet, il semble que la stratégie pour réduire la mortalité repose sur l’utilisation de nouveaux outils pour un diagnostic et une stratification du risque plus rapides, une diminution du délai d’instauration du traitement antibiotique, un transfert des patients à haut risque vers des centres médico-chirurgicaux spécialisés, des indications chirurgicales plus larges et un suivi prolongé.Depuis plusieurs années nous avons développé un programme de recherche basé sur une étroite collaboration entre les chercheurs de l’UMR 6236-CNRS et les médecins et chirurgiens des services de cardiologie et de chirurgie cardiaque. Cette thèse rapporte les résultats de cette recherche translationnelle sur la prise en charge des endocardites, synthèse de l’expérience clinique et fondamentale acquise par notre équipe. Nous avons démontré que la standardisation des processus de diagnostic et de décisions chirurgicales au sein d’une équipe multidisciplinaire permet de réduire la mortalité. Afin d’améliorer encore cette prise en charge, des innovations telles que l’utilisation de nouveaux marqueurs biologiques représente une approche importante. A partir d’une analyse du profil transcriptionnel propre à l’endocardite, nous avons pu identifier plusieurs gènes fortement impliqués dans la physiopathologie de la maladie. Ainsi, ces travaux montrent que la métalloproteinase-9 de la matrice extracellulaire, la S100A11 et l’aquaporine-9 constitueraient de nouveaux biomarqueurs pour le diagnostic et la prédiction des complications des endocarditesInfective endocarditis is a serious disease affecting around 2000 patients in France and 17000 in the United-States. Despite therapeutic progress, in-hospital mortality remains high, around 20%. This is mainly the consequence of a too late diagnosis and insufficiencies in the risk stratification. In fact, novel perspectives on the management of endocarditis are emerging and offer a hope for decreasing the rate of residual deaths by accelerating the process of diagnosis and risk stratification, a reduction of delays of instauration of antimicrobial therapy, the rapid transfer of high-risk patients to specialised medio-surgical centres, the development of new surgical modalities, and close long-term follow-up.Since many years, we have developed, in our institution, a research program based on a close collaboration between the researchers of the UMR 6236-CNRS and the physicians and the surgeons of the Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Departments. This thesis reports the results of this translational research on the management of endocarditis. We have demonstrated that the standardization of the diagnostic process and of the surgical indications reduces infective endocarditis-related mortality in infective endocarditis. To improve the management, innovations such as the use of new biomarkers represent a critical new approach for this disease. From a transcriptional based approach, we have identified several new genes strongly involved in the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis. Thus, our works shows that the matrix metalloproteinase-9, S100A11 and aquaporin-9 would be potential new biomarkers for the diagnosis and the prediction of complications during infective endocarditis
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Taheri, Shahed [Verfasser]. "Cartilage Adjacent Subchondral Bone in Ageing and Disease as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target / Shahed Taheri." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233481339/34.
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Sun, Yurong. "Ultrasound characterization of structure and density of coral as a model for trabecular bone." Link to electronic version, 2000. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0808100-001812/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Keywords: angular decorrelation function; impulse response; BUA; BMD; ultrasound; coral; trabecular bone; osteoporosis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-191).
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Bachelart, Julie. "Etude de l’étape de fermentation d’un procédé de co-compostage de boues en STEU : diagnostic par mesures expérimentales et modélisation numérique." Thesis, Pau, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PAUU3002.
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Pour préserver l'environnement et pour des raisons sanitaires, les eaux usées sont collectées et dirigées vers les stations d'épuration des eaux usées (STEU) afin d'être traitées et purifiées avant leur réintroduction dans le milieu naturel. Parmi les nombreuses filières de traitement des boues biologiques issues des STEU, le procédé de compostage représente en France 36% . Il permet l'obtention d'un substrat (ou produit) stabilisé, hygiénisé, et riche en éléments fertilisants. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche s'inscrivent dans ce contexte en présentant un diagnostic de l'étape de fermentation d'un procédé de co-compostage de boues biologiques situé au sein de la STEU d'Aureilhan (France, Hautes Pyrénées). L'objectif recherché était de garantir un compost de qualité par l'étude de l'étape de fermentation. La réponse apportée à ce principal objectif s'est concrétisée par la réalisation d'un diagnostic établi selon deux approches : expérimentale et numérique.Les mesures expérimentales ont porté sur l'évaluation de la durée de l'étape de fermentation (étude effectuée sur 19 andains), la mesure de l'évolution temporelle des températures en fonction de la profondeur et de la longueur de l'andain sur quatre andains différents (trois andains en conditions hivernales et un andain en conditions estivales), la mesure de leur humidité initiale et l'estimation du ratio boues/agent structurant. Ces mesures expérimentales ont mis en exergue : - des humidités initiales optimales pour l'étape de fermentation (entre 50% et 70%) ;- un ratio boues/agent structurant réel (entre 1/7 et 1/4) inférieur au ratio théorique (1/3) ;- des durées de fermentation faibles (inférieures à 4 semaines) au regard des recommandations (entre 4 et 6 semaines) ;- des températures au sein des andains insuffisamment élevées pour atteindre l'hygiénisation du compost.Ces deux derniers résultats ont permis d'affirmer que certains andains n'ont pas subi une biodégradation de la matière organique suffisante lors de l'étape de fermentation, ce qui rend possible une réactivation de la biodégradation sur l'aire de maturation dépourvue de système d'aération et de désodorisation. Un modèle numérique instationnaire a alors été réalisé en 2D. Il prend en compte les dimensions réelles de l'andain sur le site industriel, les caractéristiques du système d'aération du procédé de fermentation, les conditions météorologiques et les propriétés initiales du mélange boues/écorces. Ce modèle de compréhension et de prédiction a permis de montrer l'impact significatif d'une réalisation, en milieu industriel, de l'étape de fermentation dans un hangar semi-ouvert sur le milieu extérieur. En effet, une température initiale de l'andain trop faible (inférieure à 10°C) résultant de conditions météorologiques hivernales peut limiter fortement le développement des micro-organismes et donc les réactions de biodégradations. Les pertes thermiques sont de surcroit accentuées par des conditions hivernales, en particulier pour les zones de l'andain proches du milieu extérieur. La vitesse d'aération de l'andain est non uniforme et varie beaucoup en fonction de la longueur de gaine sous l'andain (vitesse estimée comprise 0,035 et 0,3 m.s-1) ce qui induit une inhomogénéité des conditions opératoires (disponibilité en oxygène, température) et donc une biodégradation de la matière organique hétérogène au sein d'un même andain.En période de crise sanitaire liée à la COVID-19 pour laquelle l'hygiénisation des boues de STEU prend tout son sens, les importants résultats obtenus lors de ce travail de recherche peuvent donner aux opérateurs, sur des sites industriels présentant des plateformes de compostage conforme à celle d'Aureilhan, des moyens de repérer rapidement les andains présentant une faible évolution de la température et d'agir en conséquence en manipulant, par exemple, les séquences réglables d'aération afin de s'assurer d'une bonne hygiénisationTo protect the environment and for health reasons, wastewaters are collected and directed to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to be treated and purified before being reintroduced into the natural environment. Among the different biological sludge treatment schemes resulting from WWTPs, the composting process, which represents 36% in France, allows the production of a stabilized and hygienized substrate (or product), rich in nutrients.The work carried out in this study falls within this context by presenting a diagnosis of the fermentation step of a co-composting process for biological sludge located within the WWTP of Aureilhan (France, Hautes Pyrénées). The main objective was to guarantee a high quality compost by studying the fermentation step. The response to this main objective was obtained by undertaking a diagnosis based on two approaches: experimental and digital. Experimental measurements focused on the evaluation of the duration of the fermentation step (study performed on 19 compost piles), the over time measurement of temperatures as a function of the depth and length of the compost pile on four different compost pile (three in winter conditions and one in summer conditions), the determination of their initial humidity and the estimation of the sludge / structuring agent ratio.This experimental work showed : - optimal initial humidities for the fermentation step (between 50% and 70%) ;- a sludge / structuring agent ratio (between 1/7 and 1/4) lower than the theoretical one (1/3) ;- short fermentation times (less than 3 weeks) with regards to the recommendations (between 4 and 6 weeks) ;- temperatures in the compost pile insufficiently high to reach compost hygienization.These two last results made it possible to conclude that some compost piles did not undergo sufficient organic matter biodegradation during the fermentation step, which makes it possible to reactivate biodegradation on the maturation area not equipped with aeration and deodorization system.A 2D unsteady digital model was then performed. This model takes into account the real dimensions of the compost pile at the industrial site, the characteristics of the aeration system of the fermentation process, the weather conditions and the initial properties of the sludge/bark mixture. This model made it possible to show the significant impact of carrying out the fermentation step in a facility which is semi-open to the external environment. Indeed, a too low initial temperature of the windrow (lower than 10°C) resulting from winter conditions can strongly limit the development of microorganisms and therefore biodegradation reactions. Thermal losses are increased by winter conditions, in particular for compost pile areas close to the outside environment. The compost pile aeration speed is non-uniform and varies considerably depending on the length of the ventilation duct under the compost pile (estimated speed between 0.035 and 0.3 m.s-1), which leads to non-homogeneous operating conditions (oxygen availability, temperature), resulting in a heterogeneous organic matter biodegradation within the same compost pile.In the COVID-19 health crisis period, for which hygienization of sludge is important, results obtained in this study can give operators working in composting platforms compliant with those of Aureilhan, means of quickly identifying compost piles with a low temperature change and acting accordingly, for example by manipulating the adjustable ventilation sequences in order to ensure a good hygienization
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Silva, Maria Rita de Sousa. "Ultrassonografia de calcâneo e de falange no diagnóstico da osteoporose." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6079.
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Introduction: Resulting from changes in bone remodeling process osteoporosis affects a large segment of the adult population. According to Ministry of Health data in Brazil are spent on average with hip fractures due to osteoporosis, 28 million reais per year. The gold standard for diagnosis and DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) but doubts remain whether the BMD (Bone Mineral Density) by means of this standard is the best way to diagnose osteoporosis and predict fracture risk. Objectives: Make an osteoporosis on review article entitled "Physiology of Osteoporosis. Establish the sensibility of ultrasound in screening for osteoporosis from Ultrasonometry the calcaneus (USQC) in relation to the gold standard DXA. Establish the sensitivity of ultrasonography in screening for osteoporosis based on bone quality by Ultrasonometry Phalange (USQF) in relation to the gold standard DXA. Establish the sensitivity of ultrasonography in screening for osteoporosis based on bone quantity of USQF in relation to the gold standard DXA. Methods: A survey was conducted in PUBMED, MEDLINE, BVS / LILACS with the key words: osteoporosis, epidemiology and pathophysiology. We selected 80 articles and after reading these, we selected 25 articles published in the last 10 years. For diagnostic tests used a descriptive study consists of sample of 125 women between 30 and 90 years who underwent screening BMD through USQC, in the period between 13 and 23 May 2013 and after accepting participate and sign the Informed Consent and were referred to the realization of USQF and the gold standard DXA spine and femur Results: At USQC in relation to the column of DXA: S=16%, E=97%, VPP=57%, VPN=82% and accuracy of 80% in relation to the femur DXA: S=42,8%, E=97%, VPP=43%, VPN=96% and accuracy of 93%. In bone quality UBPI (Ultrassoud and Bone Profile Index) versus column DXA: S=68%, E=82%, VPP=48%, VPN=91% and accuracy of 79% and the femur DXA: S=77%, E=75%, VPP=17%, VPN=99% and accuracy of 76%. Bone quantity USQF relative to Column DXA: S=77% E=83%, VPP=54%, VPN=93 and accuracy of 81% and in relation to the femur DXA: S=100%, E=75%, VPP=19%, VPN=100% and accuracy 76%. Bone quantity USQC relative to USQF: S=14%, E=95.5%, VPP=50%, VPN=74% and accuracy of 72%. Discussion: Diagnostic tests are used to assess the commitment of the skeleton and check the presence of bone deterioration. The quantitative diagnostic test of calcaneal ultrasound compared to the column DXA and femur showed little sensitive to identify bone deterioration considering that the sample included women outside the risk group and this test is effective when carried out in over 60 patient years. The quality parameter UBPI and bone quantity USQF demonstrated to be sensitive and specific, especially in relation to the femur DXA with sensibility equal to the gold standard. Conclusion: The ultrasound of calcaneus had no relevance in screening or diagnosis of osteoporosis as compared to the gold standard DXA spine and femur in this study. The phalanx of Ultrasonography considering bone quality was an important factor in the screening or diagnosis of osteoporosis, especially when compared to the femur DXA. The phalanx ultrasound quantification of bone mass had relevance to the evaluation or diagnosis of osteoporosis column and especially in the femoral osteoporosis.
Introdução: Resultante de alterações do processo de remodelagem óssea a osteoporose afeta grande segmento da população adulta. De acordo com os dados do Ministério da Saúde, no Brasil são gastos, em média, com fraturas de quadril por osteoporose, 28 milhões de reais por ano. O método padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico é o DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), porém persistem dúvidas se a DMO (Densidade Mineral Óssea) por meio deste padrão é a melhor maneira de se diagnosticar osteoporose e prever riscos de fraturas. Objetivos: Fazer um artigo de revisão sobre osteoporose com o título “Fisiologia da Osteoporose”. Estabelecer a sensibilidade da ultrassonografia no rastreamento da osteoporose a partir da Ultrassonometria pelo Calcâneo (USQC) em relação ao padrão-ouro DXA. Estabelecer a sensibilidade da ultrassonografia no rastreamento da osteoporose, baseado na qualidade óssea através da Ultrassonometria de Falange (USQF) em relação ao padrão-ouro DXA. Estabelecer a sensibilidade da ultrassonografia no rastreamento da osteoporose, baseado na quantidade óssea da USQF em relação ao padrão-ouro DXA. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados PUBMED, MEDLINE, BVS/LILACS com os descritores: osteoporose, epidemiologia e fisiopatologia. Foram selecionados 80 artigos e destes, após leitura, foram selecionados 25 artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Para os testes diagnósticos utilizou-se um estudo descritivo composto por amostra de 125 mulheres entre 30 e 90 anos que realizaram rastreamento da DMO através do USQC, no período entre 13 e 23 de maio de 2013, e após aceitar participar da pesquisa e assinar o TCLE, foram encaminhadas para a realização da USQF e o padrão-ouro DXA de coluna e fêmur. Resultados: Na USQC em relação ao DXA de coluna: S=16%, E=97%, VPP=57%, VPN=82% e Acurácia de 80% e em relação ao DXA de fêmur: S=42,8%, E=97%, VPP= 43%, VPN=96% e Acurácia de 93%. Na qualidade óssea do UBPI (Ultrassoud and Bone Profile Index) em relação ao DXA de coluna: S=68%, E=82%, VPP= 48%, VPN=91% e Acurácia de 79% e em relação ao DXA de fêmur: S=77%, E=75%, VPP=17%, VPN=99% e Acurácia de 76%. Na quantidade óssea da USQF em relação ao DXA de coluna: S=77%, E=83%, VPP=54%, VPN=93 e Acurácia de 81% e em relação ao DXA de fêmur: S=100%, E=75,%, VPP=19%, VPN=100% e Acurácia=76%. Na quantidade óssea da USQC em relação ao USQF: S=14%, E=95,5%, VPP=50%, VPN=74% e Acurácia de 72%. Discussão: Os testes diagnósticos servem para avaliar o comprometimento do esqueleto e verificar a presença de deterioração óssea. O teste diagnóstico quantitativo da ultrassonografia de calcâneo quando comparada ao DXA de coluna e fêmur mostrou-se pouco sensível para identificar deterioração óssea. O parâmetro de qualidade UBPI (Ultrassoud and Bone Profile Index) e o de quantidade óssea da USQF demonstraram ser sensíveis e específicos, principalmente em relação ao DXA de fêmur com sensibilidade igual ao padrão-ouro. Conclusão: A ultrassonografia de calcâneo não teve relevância no rastreamento ou no diagnóstico da osteoporose quando comparado ao padrão-ouro DXA de coluna e fêmur, neste estudo. A ultrassonografia de falange considerando a qualidade óssea mostrou-se importante no rastreamento ou diagnóstico da osteoporose, especialmente quando comparada ao DXA do fêmur. A ultrassonografia de falange na quantificação da massa óssea teve relevância na avaliação ou diagnóstico da osteoporose de coluna e em especial na osteoporose de fêmur.
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Oliver, J. S. "Diagnosing bone fracture to assess early hominin behaviour, meat-eating, and socioecology at FLK-Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4596/.
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This study develops a fractographic method to diagnose hammerstone- and carnivore induced fracture. This is important because interpretations of hominin entry into the carnivore guild and evolution of meat-eating are based on rare tool and tooth marks in Oldowan (2.5-1.8mya) fossil assemblages. Consequently, estimating hominin and carnivore involvement is difficult, and questions remain about Oldowan hominin’s position in the carnivore guild and socioecology. One aspect of bone damage, fracture surfaces, is ubiquitous, but largely unstudied. The fractographic (study of fracture surfaces) method is based on fracture principals, particularly how differences in static- and impact-loading affect material response and fracture features resulting from loading extremes. The method is applied to analysis of fracture features in a) the Amboseli Hyaena Den assemblage, b) an experimental hammerstone-broken assemblage, c) a Plio-Pleistocene assemblage previously interpreted as a carnivore accumulation, FLK-NN2 (Olduvai Gorge), and d) the zooarchaeological assemblage from FLK-Zinj, (Olduvai Gorge). This is the first zooarchaeological/taphonomic study to demonstrate that a) static and impact fracture differ fundamentally in applied load size and material responses to loading extremes, b) impact-forces are significantly greater than the maximum carnivore bite-force, c) cones, incipient flakes, radiating cracks, and lateral stress features are characteristic of impact fracture, and e) Oldowan hominins at FLK-Zinj were responsible for breakage of 54% of the limb assemblage (a 37% – 40% increase over estimates based on percussion marks). The socioecological implications of the habitual transport of food from death and/or kill sites to secondary locations are explored by examining reasons why social carnivores transport food. Aspects of modern carnivore behaviour suggest general mammalian constraints that may have predicated food transport by early Homo. Early Homo food transport behaviour was structured by anti-predator defense strategies associated with a) foraging in an open habitat rich with competing predators, b) the lack of masticatory and digestive apparatus to quickly consume animal tissue, and c) the presence of altricial young in the hominin group.
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Nicholas, Richard Stephen. "High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of diurnal variations in rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341167.
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Nyembo, Dorothee [Verfasser], and Michael B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Ranke. "Validation of Automatic Greulich-Pyle Bone Age on Children with short stature of various diagnoses / Dorothee Nyembo ; Betreuer: Michael B. Ranke." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1161464751/34.
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Crnalic, Sead. "Metastatic spinal cord compression in prostate cancer : clinical and morphological studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ortopedi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54461.
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Background: Bone metastases occur in most patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer causing pain, pathologic fractures, and spinal cord compression. Few studies specifically address surgical treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) in prostate cancer. Criteria for identifying patients who may benefit from surgery are poorly defined. Most of the current knowledge regarding tumor biology in prostate cancer is based on studies of primary tumors or soft tissue metastases. The mechanisms regulating growth of bone metastases are not fully established. Aims: a) to evaluate outcome after surgery for MSCC in prostate cancer and to identify prognostic factors for survival and functional recovery; b) to evaluate current practice for referral of prostate cancer patients with MSCC; c) to analyze expression of androgen receptor (AR), cell proliferation, apoptosis, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in bone metastases with regard to survival after surgery for complications of bone metastases. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the hospital records of 68 consecutive patients operated for metastatic spinal cord compression. Tumor tissue from bone metastases was obtained on spinal surgery (54 patients), fracture surgery (4 patients) and biopsy (2 patients), and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Study I: Mortality and complication rate after surgery was high. Patients with hormone-naïve disease and those with hormone-refractory disease with good performance status and without visceral metastases had more favorable survival. The ability to walk after surgery was related to better survival. Study II: A new score for prognosis of survival after surgery for spinal cord compression includes: hormone status of prostate cancer, Karnofsky performance status, evidence of visceral metastasis, and preoperative serum PSA. The score is simple, tumor specific, and easy to apply in clinical practice. Study III: Our results suggest that delays in diagnosis and treatment may have negative impact on functional outcome. Pretreatment ability to walk, hormone status of prostate cancer, and time from loss of ambulation influenced neurological recovery after surgery for spinal cord compression. Study IV: High nuclear AR immunostaining in bone metastases and high preoperative serum PSA were associated with a poor outcome after metastasis surgery in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Short-term effect of castration therapy disclosed that nuclear AR immunostaining was decreased and apoptosis was increased, but cell proliferation remained largely unaffected. Conclusion: Prostate cancer patients with metastatic spinal cord compression represent a heterogeneous group. We identified prognostic factors for survival and functional outcome, which may help clinicians in making decisions about treatment. Our results also implicate the need for development of local and regional guidelines for treatment of patients with spinal cord compression, as well as the importance of information to patients at risk.