Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer

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Academic literature on the topic 'Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer"

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Kawano, Takahito, Yoko Tachibana, Junichi Inokuchi, Jeong-Hun Kang, Masaharu Murata, and Masatoshi Eto. "Identification of Activated Protein Kinase Cα (PKCα) in the Urine of Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Xenograft Model as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179276.

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Bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate; therefore, frequent and effective monitoring is essential for disease management. Cystoscopy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of bladder cancer. However, cystoscopy is invasive and relatively expensive. Thus, there is a need for non-invasive, relatively inexpensive urinary biomarker-based diagnoses of bladder cancer. This study aimed to investigate the presence of activated protein kinase Cα (PKCα) in urine samples and the possibility of PKCα as a urinary biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis. Activated PKCα was found to be present at higher levels in bladder cancer tissues than in normal bladder tissues. Furthermore, high levels of activated PKCα were observed in urine samples collected from orthotopic xenograft mice carrying human bladder cancer cells compared to urine samples from normal mice. These results suggest that activated PKCα can be used as a urinary biomarker to diagnose bladder cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of activated PKCα in the urine of orthotopic xenograft mice.
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Chen, Ling, YaRong Wang, Le Zhao, Wei Chen, Chunhui Dong, Xinhan Zhao, and Xu Li. "Hsp74, a Potential Bladder Cancer Marker, Has Direct Interaction with Keratin 1." Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/492849.

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Early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring are very important for the survival of patients with bladder cancer. To identify candidate biomarkers of bladder cancer, we used a combination of techniques including 2-DE, co-IP, western blot, LC-MS/MS, and immunohistochemistry. Hsp74 was identified with high expression in bladder cancer. The cellular location of expression products of gene Hsp74 showed that they were distributed into cytoplasm and keratin 1 was found to be associated with Hsp74. The results provide a new idea to understand the molecular basis of bladder cancer progression and pinpoint new potential molecular target for early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of bladder cancer.
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Li, Chong, Zhao Yang, Xu Zhang, Xing Kang, Yin Yang, Dechun Lei, Yunxia Zhao, and Shaojie Ning. "Hopes and Challenges: Translational Medical Research in Bladder Cancer." Cancer Plus 1, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/cp.v1i1.189.

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Bladder cancer is a complex disease and could be classified into non-muscle-invasive or muscle-invasive subtypes according to the distinct genetic background and clinical prognosis. It is necessary to find a non-invasive, economical and efficient method for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Translational medicine provides such an opportunity. Genomics, proteomics, molecular biology, bioinformatics and the like that aid in studying and exploring the mechanism of bladder cancer development, bladder cancer-related genes, signalling pathways, key molecules or targets can be clearly used for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Biomarkers have been developed as part of a new detection kit for the early screening, diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of bladder cancer through translational medicine. Additionally, targeted drugs and immunological preparations can be used for the treatment of bladder cancer and further improve its existing diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
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Wei, Hairong, Weiming Wan, Hui Zhan, Jiansong Wang, and Jian Chen. "The Role of FGFR3 in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bladder Cancer: A Review." Cancer Plus 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/cp.v3i1.302.

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Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. The muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with poor prognosis; therefore, new systemic treatment is urgently needed. Although the prognosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is relatively good, it is highly recurrent and requires lifelong monitoring that brings huge burden to patients and medical services. Thus, improving the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer is still a very important milestone to achieve. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene mutations frequently occur in bladder cancer. The mutations are related to the development, progression, and prognosis of bladder cancer and may serve as effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets. An increase in the understanding of FGFR3 in recent years is expected to lead to new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer, thereby prolonging the survival of patients. Combined with relevant clinical research and basic research, this article reviews the application of FGFR3 in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
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Batista, Rui, Nuno Vinagre, Sara Meireles, João Vinagre, Hugo Prazeres, Ricardo Leão, Valdemar Máximo, and Paula Soares. "Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Surveillance: A Comprehensive Review." Diagnostics 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010039.

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Bladder cancer (BC) ranks as the sixth most prevalent cancer in the world, with a steady rise in its incidence and prevalence, and is accompanied by a high morbidity and mortality. BC is a complex disease with several molecular and pathological pathways, thus reflecting different behaviors depending on the clinical staging of the tumor and molecular type. Diagnosis and monitoring of BC is mainly performed by invasive tests, namely periodic cystoscopies; this procedure, although a reliable method, is highly uncomfortable for the patient and it is not exempt of comorbidities. Currently, there is no formal indication for the use of molecular biomarkers in clinical practice, even though there are several tests available. There is an imperative need for a clinical non-invasive testing for early detection, disease monitoring, and treatment response in BC. In this review, we aim to assess and compare different tests based on molecular biomarkers and evaluate their potential role as new molecules for bladder cancer diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment response monitoring.
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Schwab, Andrew J., Matthew W. Mitchell, Edward D. Karoly, and Rangaprasad Sarangarajan. "Abstract 5546: Urine metabolomic biomarkers discovery for bladder cancer diagnostics." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 5546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-5546.

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Abstract Current estimates in the United States for 2022 are about 81,180 new cases of bladder cancer diagnosis with about 17,100 deaths from the disease (American Cancer Society). Urothelial carcinoma, also known as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), is the most common type of bladder cancer, approximately 70% of newly diagnosed TCC patients have non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) tumors. The gold standards for initial diagnosis and recurrence of TCC, cystoscopy and cytology, are both limited by their inability to visualize certain areas within the bladder or detect low grade tumors. Moreover, these tests are associated with false positive profiles, with potential for abnormal readouts even in individuals with no obvious signs of cancer. High recurrence rate predicates the need for constant monitoring of signs and symptoms associated with bladder disease following initial diagnosis, and non-invasive diagnostic modalities to detect both recurrent and primary early-stage tumors are a critical unmet need. In this study, comprehensive metabolomic profiling from human urine samples was used to identify and validate a panel of metabolites as potential biomarkers of bladder cancer. Urine samples from 439 total subjects (comprised of 66 bladder cancer, 119 history of bladder cancer but no bladder cancer at time of urine sampling, 58 hematuria subjects, 48 renal cell carcinoma, 58 prostate cancer, and 89 healthy subjects) were analyzed using a proprietary global untargeted metabolomic platform. A follow-up study to determine the reproducibility of the initial data set was conducted with 162 urine samples from subjects with bladder cancer that were either recurrent or primary, or with a negative diagnosis for bladder cancer with a previous history of bladder cancer or had hematuria or urinary voiding issues. Utilizing both data sets, eight biochemicals (lactate, gluconate, palmitoyl sphingomyelin, acetylcarnitine, choline phosphate, succinate, and adenosine) were identified as potential urine biomarkers for bladder cancer. In addition, 3-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), 2-hydroxybutyrate (AHB), and adipate were identified as potential urine biomarkers for urological cancers. In total, 37 biochemicals have now been identified with having the potential to serve as urine bladder cancer biomarkers, and the majority of the biochemicals identified as biomarkers were associated with biochemical pathways previously shown to be perturbed in bladder tumors. The performance characteristics of the identified biochemicals in the detection of bladder cancer will be reported. Citation Format: Andrew J. Schwab, Matthew W. Mitchell, Edward D. Karoly, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan. Urine metabolomic biomarkers discovery for bladder cancer diagnostics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5546.
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Chin, Fee-Wai, Soon-Choy Chan, and Abhi Veerakumarasivam. "Homeobox Gene Expression Dysregulation as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer." Diagnostics 13, no. 16 (August 10, 2023): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13162641.

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Homeobox genes serve as master regulatory transcription factors that regulate gene expression during embryogenesis. A homeobox gene may have either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive properties depending on the specific organ or cell lineage where it is expressed. The dysregulation of homeobox genes has been reported in various human cancers, including bladder cancer. The dysregulated expression of homeobox genes has been associated with bladder cancer clinical outcomes. Although bladder cancer has high risk of tumor recurrence and progression, it is highly challenging for clinicians to accurately predict the risk of tumor recurrence and progression at the initial point of diagnosis. Cystoscopy is the routine surveillance method used to detect tumor recurrence. However, the procedure causes significant discomfort and pain that results in poor surveillance follow-up amongst patients. Therefore, the development of reliable non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of bladder cancer is crucial. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic and prognostic potential of homeobox gene expression dysregulation in bladder cancer.
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Yang, Zhao, Nan Zhang, Zongyi Shen, Suhang Bai, Mengran Shi, Liqi Yin, Jieqiao Li, Xiaolin Lei, Changyuan Yu, and Chong Li. "Markers for Early Diagnosis and Post-operative Recurrence Monitoring of Bladder Cancer." Cancer Plus 2, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/cp.v2i1.270.

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The diagnosis and management of bladder cancer (BC) are high complex due to cancer heterogeneity among patients. Thus, biomarkers play pivotal roles in the diagnosis, prognosis determination, and planning of therapeutic intervention of BC. With years of research and discovery, many candidate markers for BC have emerged. The alterations of nucleosides, proteins, post-translational modifications, and cells are the candidate markers for early diagnosis and post-operative recurrence monitoring of BC. This review mainly discusses the recent progresses in the proteins and nucleosides markers for diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of BC. In the detection of BC, some potential nucleoside-based markers have been reported, including telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, microsatellite, and chromosome instability, whereas the protein markers include bladder tumor antigen, nuclear matrix protein family (Nuclear matrix protein 22), fibrin/fibrin degradation product, and aberrantly glycosylated integrin α3β1. Besides, the performance of diagnostic methods based on these markers are reviewed. The sensitivity and specificity of candidate markers and detection methods of BC are compared. In summary, this review provides invaluable information about the early diagnosis and recurrence of BC, which guides the development and improvement of novel markers for early diagnosis and post-operative recurrence monitoring of BC in future.
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Cheng, Timothy H. T., Peiyong Jiang, Jeremy Y. C. Teoh, Macy M. S. Heung, Jacqueline C. W. Tam, Xiao Sun, Wing-Shan Lee, et al. "Noninvasive Detection of Bladder Cancer by Shallow-Depth Genome-Wide Bisulfite Sequencing of Urinary Cell-Free DNA for Methylation and Copy Number Profiling." Clinical Chemistry 65, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2018.301341.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The current diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer are heavily reliant on cystoscopy, an invasive and costly procedure. Previous efforts in urine-based detection of bladder cancer focused on targeted approaches that are predicated on the tumor expressing specific aberrations. We aimed to noninvasively detect bladder cancer by the genome-wide assessment of methylomic and copy number aberrations (CNAs). We also investigated the size of tumor cell-free (cf)DNA fragments. METHODS Shallow-depth paired-end genome-wide bisulfite sequencing of urinary cfDNA was done for 46 bladder cancer patients and 39 cancer-free controls with hematuria. We assessed (a) proportional contribution from different tissues by methylation deconvolution, (b) global hypomethylation, (c) CNA, and (d) cfDNA size profile. RESULTS Methylomic and copy number approaches were synergistically combined to detect bladder cancer with a sensitivity of 93.5% (84.2% for low-grade nonmuscle-invasive disease) and a specificity of 95.8%. The prevalence of methylomic and CNAs reflected disease stage and tumor size. Sampling over multiple time points could assess residual disease and changes in tumor load. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer was associated with a higher proportion of long cfDNA, as well as longer cfDNA fragments originating from genomic regions enriched for tumor DNA. CONCLUSIONS Bladder cancer can be detected noninvasively in urinary cfDNA by methylomic and copy number analysis without previous knowledge or assumptions of specific aberrations. Such analysis could be used as a liquid biopsy to aid diagnosis and for potential longitudinal monitoring of tumor load. Further understanding of the differential size and fragmentation of cfDNA could improve the detection of bladder cancer.
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Kałużewski, Tadeusz, Grzegorz K. Przybylski, Michał Bednarek, Sławomir Glazar, Magdalena Grabiec, Adam Jędrzejczyk, Łukasz Kępczyński, et al. "The Usefulness of Cell-Based and Liquid-Based Urine Tests in Clarifying the Diagnosis and Monitoring the Course of Urothelial Carcinoma. Identification of Novel, Potentially Actionable, RB1 and ERBB2 Somatic Mutations." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11050362.

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Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in global statistics. One of the issues associated with this disease is the high incidence of cases with delayed diagnosis and what factors correlate with worse treatment outcomes. A possible reason for this may be the rather limited availability of non-invasive diagnostic tools. This short communication presents a case of a 68 year old male patient after an ineffective therapy, carried on for several years with symptoms commonly associated with prostate overgrowth that masked a carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Implementation of several diagnostic techniques, including urine sediment cytology, immunocytochemistry, the fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique, the Bladder EpiCheck test and whole-genome sequencing, enabled the establishment of a correct diagnosis, implementation of appropriate treatment and provision of patient-friendly monitoring. The described case emphasises the usefulness of cell-based and liquid-based urine tests in bladder cancer diagnostic procedures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer"

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Bastos, Paulo André Dias. "Development of multiple reaction monitoring assays for bladder cancer diagnosis from urine samples." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22510.

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Mestrado em Bioquímica
O Carcinoma da Bexiga é uma doença maligna com extremas implicações físicas e psicológicas para os pacientes e de elevadas repercussões socioeconómicas. A falta de procedimentos de diagnóstico precoce não-invasivos tem permitido que a sobrevivência destes pacientes tenha permanecido inalterada nos últimos 30 anos. Desta forma, biomarcadores para diagnóstico não-invasivo são urgentemente necessários, e amostras de urina representam o meio mais promissor para alcançar este fim. Contudo, apesar de várias tentativas, ensaios imunológicos realizados em amostras de urina demonstram fraca performance clínica e analítica. Single/Multiple Reaction Monitoring (SRM/MRM) é uma técnica de espectrometria de massa para quantificação exata e absoluta. SRM/MRM representa a alternativa mais promissora para efeitos de quantificação, sendo altamente reprodutível, sensível e robusta. Desta forma, objetivou-se o desenvolvimento de ensaios por SRM/MRM para quantificação de biomarcadores de cancro da bexiga na urina, combinando múltiplos marcadores num classificador unificador. O ensaio MRM desenvolvido demonstrou em exatidão e especificidade equiparável ou superior aos ensaios imunológicos até á data disponível. Combinando SLIT2, PROF1, SPRC e NMP22 num classificador baseado em 4 marcadores resultou em performance clínica comparável (~70% sensibilidade e ~100% especificidade ou ~80% sensibilidade e ~57% especificidade) quando comparado com os ensaios convencionais. Contudo, a quantificação livre de interferências não pode ser assegurada devido a efeitos da matriz. Um método eficiente e reprodutível para remover substâncias contaminantes presentes na urina sem comprometer a deteção dos marcadores em causa é necessária para atenuar os efeitos de matriz.
Bladder cancer is a malignant disease with extreme physical and psychological implications for the patients together with major economic societal costs. The lack of early non-­‐invasive diagnostic procedures has allowed survival outcomes to remain unaltered for the past 30 years. Accordingly, non-­‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers are urgently needed, and urine samples represent the most promising means for non-­‐invasive bladder cancer diagnosis. However, despite several encouraging claims, available immuno-­‐based molecular assays display poor analytical and clinical performance in urine samples. Single/Multiple Reaction Monitoring (SRM/MRM) is a high-­‐performance mass spectrometry scanning mode for precise targeted quantification. SRM/MRM represents the most promising approach for biomarker quantification purposes, as it is highly reproducible, sensitive and robust. The main aim of this thesis was thus to develop a SRM/MRM-­‐based assay for bladder cancer urinary biomarker quantification, combining multiple markers into a unifying classifier. In addition, two independent chapters have been dedicated to i) the value of urine proteomics for disease diagnostics and to ii) the burden of the disease together with available tools for its diagnosis in the form of a literature meta-­‐analysis and book chapter, respectively. At the individual biomarker level, the MRM assay herein developed for urine profiling provided comparable-­‐to-­‐superior accuracy and specificity as comparedwhen to ELISA assays. The combination of SLIT2, PROF1, SPRC and NMP22 in a 4-­‐marker classifier resulted in comparable-­‐to-­‐superior clinical performance (~70% sensitivity with ~100% specificity ~80% sensitivity with ~57% specificity) over conventional immuno-­‐based assays. However, interference-­‐free measurements still could not be assured due to urinary matrix effects. A cost-­‐efficient and reproducible method for the removal of unidentified urinary contaminating substances without compromising the signal for the sought biomarkers is required in order to counteract urinary matrix effects.
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Oudahmane, Imane. "Évaluation de l’analyse vibrationnelle des urines comme potentiel outil diagnostique du cancer de la vessie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS049.

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Le diagnostic initial et la surveillance du cancer de la vessie reposent essentiellement sur la cystoscopie, un examen invasif, combinée à une cytologie urinaire dont la sensibilité est faible pour les stades précoces de ce cancer. La recherche de biomarqueurs à partir de l'urine répond au besoin de mettre au point des tests non invasifs, avec une sensibilité améliorée par rapport à la pratique actuelle. Malgré de nombreux développements, aucun test urinaire n'est actuellement recommandé pour une utilisation en routine clinique, pour des raisons de complexité d’utilisation, de performances ou de coût. L’analyse vibrationnelle des urines, par spectroscopie d’absorption infrarouge, est une approche intéressante pour la mise en place d’un test urinaire simple d’utilisation, relativement peu couteux et applicable en pratique clinique. Dans ce travail de thèse, les performances diagnostiques de cette technique, combinée à des outils d’apprentissage automatique, ont été évaluées à partir de prélèvements urinaires provenant de patients consultant dans le service d'Urologie du CHU de Reims. Malgré la forte variabilité spectrale des échantillons d'urine, l'optimisation combinée des prétraitements spectraux et des paramètres propres aux modèles de classification permet d'obtenir des résultats encourageants. Les développements algorithmiques ont été conçus pour pourvoir prendre en compte les données cliniques ; ce qui pourrait constituer une voie potentielle d'amélioration dans le cadre de futures investigations
Initial diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer is mainly based on cystoscopy, an invasive examination combined with urine cytology, which has limited sensitivity, especially in the early stages of this cancer. The need for non-invasive tests with improved sensitivity has led to the exploration of urine-based biomarker testing. Despite numerous advancements, no urine-based test is currently recommended for routine clinical use due to the complexity of use, performance, or cost. Vibrational analysis of urine using infrared absorption spectroscopy is an interesting approach for developing an easy-to-use, relatively inexpensive, and clinically applicable urine test. In this thesis, the diagnostic performances of this technique, combined with machine learning tools, were evaluated using urine samples from patients consulting the Urology Department of the Reims University Hospital. Despite the high spectral variability of urine samples, the combined optimization of spectral pretreatments and classification model parameters yielded promising results. Meanwhile, algorithmic developments have been developed to include clinical data, offering a way to improve the performance of these techniques in future investigations
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Johnson, Emmanuel Uche. "Volatile organic compounds: novel potential biomarkers in bladder cancer diagnosis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681344.

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Bladder cancer is an important global disease. The gold standard for diagnosis is cystoscopy and biopsy; both are invasive and require highly trained personnel. In a majority of cases, treated patients are followed up by frequent cystoscopies lasting several years. The discovery of biomarkers indicating which individuals should proceed to cystoscopy would be an important addition to bladder cancer management. The odour of urine is produced by volatile organic compounds, (VOCs), detectable by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An analysis of the VOCs in urine from various groups of individuals including patients with bladder cancer is undertaken in search of possible discriminating compounds, which could be harnessed in future as a potential screening tool or adjunct in bladder cancer management. Methods First void urine was obtained from 64 patients with new non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, 71 cancer free patients with haematuria and 51 asymptomatic volunteers. After equilibration, the headspace above these pH adjusted urine samples was extracted for 20minutes, using a carboxen / polydimethylsiloxane solid phase micro-extraction fibre (SPME). This was followed by desorption and VOC identification by GC-MS. Results Urine headspace VOCs under acidic conditions, (pH of modified urine 2), were found to be discriminating. Identified compounds were analyzed using forward stepwise discriminant analysis: 9 VOCs when used together, gave 84.7% correct classification of samples (Haematuria control v Bladder cancer) with no change on cross validation of results. The calculated sensitivity and specificity of this model is 76.6% and 92.9% respectively, with Positive predictive value of 90.7% and Negative predictive value of 92.9%. These results are comparable, and in some cases better than those obtained using commercially available urinary bladder cancer biomarkers. Conclusion Volatile organic compounds in urinary head space change with the development of bladder cancer. Urinary VOCs are exciting novel potential biomarkers in the detection of bladder cancer.
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Suh, Lara K. "Time Interval to Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer and Its Associated Outcomes." Yale University, 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08282007-145441/.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a prolonged delay in diagnosis of bladder cancer will result in worse outcomes for those patients, compared to those patients with a shorter diagnostic time interval. Data was collected on 247 patients newly diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder from January 1996 to December 2006 (10 years). The medical records of these patients were reviewed for demographics, pathological stage, date of consultation to the genitourinary (GU) service, and date of diagnosis by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The specialty delay was calculated as the time between the date of consultation to the GU service to the establishment of a diagnosis by TURBT. Univariate analyses were performed to test the association of specialty delay with clinical features and all-cause mortality. The median specialty delay in this study was 100 days. There was a trend towards a longer specialty delay for muscle-invasive disease (T2-T4) in comparison to superficial disease (Ta and T1). There was a significant correlation between all-cause mortality and increasing clinical stage (p=0.01). There was a paradoxical finding that patients with a specialty delay greater than 100 days had a significant reduction in all-cause death in comparison to patients with a specialty delay of 100 days or less (relative risk=0.59; 95% CI 0.36-0.90; p=0.01). In conclusion, this study did not confirm the hypothesis that a prolonged specialty delay in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer would result in a worse prognosis. In fact, there was a paradoxical finding that patients with a specialty delay greater than the median delay of 100 days had a better prognosis.
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Palmer, Scott Gordon. "Development of non-invasive techniques for bladder cancer diagnosis and therapy." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/cb8dc9da-ae98-44a0-aa27-56f0bd9376dc.

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Bladder cancer is among the most common cancers in the UK, responsible for significant patient morbidity. Current techniques for detection suffer from low sensitivity, particularly for early stage disease, therefore new techniques are urgently sought. Among the suggested techniques to augment bladder cancer detection is the use of autofluorescence spectroscopy. Autofluorescence arises from a number of molecules in human tissue, giving a wealth of structural and metabolic information. Autofluorescence spectroscopy has previously been applied to the detection of a wide range of cancers, however clinical implementation of the technique to bladder cancer diagnosis is inhibited by a poor understanding of the contributions of individual fluorophores to autofluorescence. I sought primarily to use the multi-functional laser based diagnostic system “LAKK-M” to study the autofluorescence profiles of bladder cancer at the cell and tissue level, with the aim of developing a better understanding of bladder autofluorescence characteristics in health and disease. The significant findings of this research are threefold: 1. Autofluorescence flow cytometry of cell optical redox ratio reveals metabolic abnormalities in bladder cancer cells, specifically a glycolytic switch in bladder cancer cells culminating in an increased optical redox (NADH/flavin, ex360em425-475/ex488em515/545) ratio relative to healthy bladder cells. 2. Lab grown bladder cancer organoids show progressive changes in autofluorescence ratios relative to control samples – specifically reductions in the NADH/flavin (ex365em490/ex365em550), elastin/NADH (ex365em450/ex365em490) and elastin/flavin ratio (ex365em450/ex365em550), suggestive of structural and metabolic changes in developing cancer. 3. Analysis of human bladder tissue reveals significant differences in key fluorophores and diagnostic ratios between healthy and cancer tissue, amounting to increased porphyrin fluorescence and a decreased optical redox ratio (ex365em490/ex365em550) in cancer tissue compared to healthy control. These findings better inform our understanding of the autofluorescence properties of the bladder in health and disease at both the cell and tissue level, contributing to future development of diagnostic techniques. Additionally, in this thesis, I discuss the diagnostic worth of collagen analysis in bladder cancer using second harmonic generation imaging, the application of bladder tissue computer simulation to better elucidate fluorophore properties, and progress in novel laser therapy techniques for bladder cancer. The ultimate goal of this research is the development of a combined laser-based system for bladder cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Mariappan, Paramananthan. "Quality of bladder cancer surgery : improving outcomes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31261.

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Background: At the time of diagnosis, approximately 75% of all bladder cancers are Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancers (NMIBC) - the standard treatment for these cancers is a Transurethral Resection of the Bladder Tumour (TURBT). Although, the vast majority of these cancers are not life-threatening, they have a high risk of recurrence (and progression, particularly in higher risk NMIBC), despite the use of adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy. Consequently, patients are kept on long term cystoscopic surveillance with endoscopic removal if recurrences are detected - this impacts on patients' quality of life and contributes to the high cost for the healthcare provider. Aims: The fundamental aim of this series of clinical studies, spanning 12 years, was to identify and implement, means of improving the efficiency in both processing and operating on patients with NMIBC to not only reduce recurrence, but also to reduce the duration of follow up and repeat operations. It was an evolutionary process where the findings in the preceding studies formed the basis of the subsequent one - while the aim of the individual studies were different, there was a clear link to the essential principles, thus forming a coherent collection of studies. Methods and results: The project was carried out in 3 phases (with 2 or 3 main studies in each phase, augmented by 1 to 2 linked studies - making the entire submission for PhD by publications a series of 12 studies, to date): Phase 1 (5 studies in this phase): The aim was to demonstrate the natural history of non-invasive bladder cancer and identify sub-categories of patients who could be discharged from surveillance at 5 years. This was initially achieved by evaluating a prospectively maintained cohort of non-invasive bladder cancer patients diagnosed between 1978 and 1984 at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh. This study identified the importance of the recurrence rate at the first follow up cystoscopy (RRFFC) as an essential prognostic marker. This finding was further validated using 2 separate cohorts from a different Centre (the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh) managed in the 80s and the 90s, respectively. The data confirmed that over the decades, recurrence patterns do change, possibly as a result of differing techniques and improvements in optics and instruments; however, what remained the same was the prognostic value of the RRFFC. Phase 2 (3 studies in this phase): The early recurrence was deemed to be the result of missed and tumours left behind at the initial TURBT, i.e. a marker of quality. However, RRFFC was only known 3 months after the initial surgery. Since the RRFFC was such an important prognostic factor, the aim of this phase was to determine the surgical factors contributing to the quality of TURBT and subsequently implement changes to the principles in carrying out the surgery to improve this quality. This was achieved by prospective collection of information regarding all patients undergoing TURBT for new bladder cancers, recording the tumour features, surgeon experience, if the resection was deemed to have been complete or not, and the pathological results. We identified that the detrusor muscle in the resected specimen and the experience of the surgeon were independent determinants of TURBT quality. This finding was validated in a further study using cohorts from another time period and another Centre - this allowed me to develop the concept of Good Quality White Light TURBT (GQWLTURBT) as the benchmark for the white light TURBT. Phase 3 (4 studies in this phase): Photodynamic Diagnosis assisted TURBT (PDDTURBT) was demonstrated in randomised controlled trials as a technique that reduces the recurrences in NMIBC. In the absence of evidence with this technique in the 'real life' setting nor comparisons with standardised, benchmarked white light TURBT technique, we performed a prospective controlled study comparing PDD-TURBT and GQ-WLTURBT, evaluating early and delayed recurrence rates in 2 separate studies. I also performed a multicentre UK study on the outcomes with PDD-TURBT and collaborated with other experts in Europe in producing a review article around Photodynamic Diagnosis and the cost effectiveness of this technique. Summary: This coherent series of studies has contributed to knowledge in bladder cancer surgery by, among others: (a) mapping the individual patient natural history of non-invasive bladder cancer; (b) confirming the importance of early recurrence as a strong prognostic indicator; (c) identifying predictors of this early recurrence and the quality of TURBT; (d) introducing the concept of the benchmark Good Quality White Light TURBT and (e) demonstrating the benefits of photodynamic diagnosis within a 'real life' setting.
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Morgan, Sarah Louise. "Towards the molecular diagnosis of bladder and colorectal cancer : analysis of CD44 exon splicing." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269524.

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Nguyen, Huyen Thanh. "Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Diffusion-Weighted MRI for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365176629.

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Kalyagina, Nina. "Diffuse Reflectance Endoscopic Imaging for Bladder Early-Stage Cancer and Pre-Cancer Diagnosis : Instrumentation, Modelling and Experimental Validation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0099/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer les performances d'une méthode d'imagerie optique non-invasive pour la détection de précancers et cancers précoces de la vessie, à l'aide d'une analyse de lumière laser rétro-diffusée. L'analyse de la distribution spatiale de la lumière à la surface de fantômes multi-couches imitant l'épithelium de vessie avec différentes propriétés d'absorption et de diffusion nous a permis de montrer les modifications de ces propriétés optiques entraînent des changements de la taille de la surface du spot de lumière rétro-diffusée, mesurables par une caméra vidéo. La méthode développée est également sensible à l'accumulation d'un photosensibilisateur et est applicable aussi bien pour des études en réflectance diffuse qu'en fluorescence induite. Les paramètres optiques des fantômes synthétiques tri-couches imitant différents états des épithéliums de vessie ont été calculés à partir de la théorie des ondes électromagnétiques appliquée aux diffuseurs sphériques sans et avec une couche. Ces paramètres ont servi comme entrées aux simulations de Monte Carlo qui ont permis d'obtenir les matrices des distributions d'intensité de réflectance diffuse. Notre étude démontre que les mesures en imagerie de réflectance diffuse non-polarisée permettent de fournir des informations utiles au diagnostic tissulaire
The present thesis aimed to evaluate the performance of non-invasive optical method for bladder pre- and early- cancer detection by means of diffuse-reflected laser light analysis. The analysis of light distribution at the surface of multi-layered bladder phantoms with different scattering and absorption properties showed that the changes in the optical properties lead to increase or decrease of the diffuse-reflected light spot area, detectable by a video camera. It was also determined, that the presented method is capable of detection of the photosensitizer accumulation, and can be applied for both (diffuse-reflected laser and fluorescence) studies simultaneously. The calculations for spherical and ?coated?-spherical tissue scatterers, based on the electromagnetic wave theory, allowed for obtaining optical parameters of three-layered biological phantoms and of bladder tissues at different states. These parameters served as inputs for Monte Carlo simulations, which provided us with matrices of diffuse-reflected light distributions. The study showed that the measurements of non-polarized back-scattered laser light can provide useful information on the tissue state
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Kalyagina, Nina. "Diffuse Reflectance Endoscopic Imaging for Bladder Early-Stage Cancer and Pre-Cancer Diagnosis : Instrumentation, Modelling and Experimental Validation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0099.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer les performances d'une méthode d'imagerie optique non-invasive pour la détection de précancers et cancers précoces de la vessie, à l'aide d'une analyse de lumière laser rétro-diffusée. L'analyse de la distribution spatiale de la lumière à la surface de fantômes multi-couches imitant l'épithelium de vessie avec différentes propriétés d'absorption et de diffusion nous a permis de montrer les modifications de ces propriétés optiques entraînent des changements de la taille de la surface du spot de lumière rétro-diffusée, mesurables par une caméra vidéo. La méthode développée est également sensible à l'accumulation d'un photosensibilisateur et est applicable aussi bien pour des études en réflectance diffuse qu'en fluorescence induite. Les paramètres optiques des fantômes synthétiques tri-couches imitant différents états des épithéliums de vessie ont été calculés à partir de la théorie des ondes électromagnétiques appliquée aux diffuseurs sphériques sans et avec une couche. Ces paramètres ont servi comme entrées aux simulations de Monte Carlo qui ont permis d'obtenir les matrices des distributions d'intensité de réflectance diffuse. Notre étude démontre que les mesures en imagerie de réflectance diffuse non-polarisée permettent de fournir des informations utiles au diagnostic tissulaire
The present thesis aimed to evaluate the performance of non-invasive optical method for bladder pre- and early- cancer detection by means of diffuse-reflected laser light analysis. The analysis of light distribution at the surface of multi-layered bladder phantoms with different scattering and absorption properties showed that the changes in the optical properties lead to increase or decrease of the diffuse-reflected light spot area, detectable by a video camera. It was also determined, that the presented method is capable of detection of the photosensitizer accumulation, and can be applied for both (diffuse-reflected laser and fluorescence) studies simultaneously. The calculations for spherical and ?coated?-spherical tissue scatterers, based on the electromagnetic wave theory, allowed for obtaining optical parameters of three-layered biological phantoms and of bladder tissues at different states. These parameters served as inputs for Monte Carlo simulations, which provided us with matrices of diffuse-reflected light distributions. The study showed that the measurements of non-polarized back-scattered laser light can provide useful information on the tissue state
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Books on the topic "Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer"

1

J, Droller Michael, ed. Bladder cancer: Current diagnosis and treatment. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2001.

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Nilsson, William E. Bladder cancer: Etymology, diagnosis, and treatments. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Lee, Cheryl T. Bladder cancer: Diagnosis, therapeutics, and management. New York, NY: Humana Press, 2010.

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N, Syrigos Konstantinos, and Skinner Donald G, eds. Bladder cancer: Biology, diagnosis, and management. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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A, Stoll Basil, ed. Screening and monitoring of cancer. Chichester: Wiley, 1985.

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Hayat, M. A. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis: Ovarian Cancer, Renal Cancer, Urogenitary tract Cancer, Urinary Bladder Cancer, Cervical Uterine Cancer, Skin Cancer, Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma and Sarcoma. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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G, Maldonado Jonathon, and Cervantes Mikayla K, eds. Small cell carcinomas: Causes, diagnosis and treatment. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2009.

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Maldonado, Jonathon G. Small cell carcinomas: Causes, diagnosis and treatment. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2009.

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Galsky, Matthew D. Dx/Rx: Genitourinary oncology : cancer of the kidneys, bladders, and testis. 2nd ed. Sudbury, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012.

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Giampietro, Gasparini, and Hayes Daniel 1951-, eds. Biomarkers in breast cancer: Molecular diagnostics for predicting and monitoring therapeutic effect. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer"

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Dundar, Ilyas. "Imaging in Bladder Tumors." In The Radiology of Cancer, 217–36. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359364.18.

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The bladder is a flexible, hollow pyramidal-shaped organ surrounded by pelvic fat located in the extraperitoneal space. The layers of the bladder wall, from the inside out, include the uroepithelium (mucosa), lamina propria (submucosa), muscularis propria, and adventitia. Mucosa consists of flexible transitional cell layers and changes shape when the bladder is stretched. Within the bladder, the uroepithelium is composed of layers of transitional cells, which have the potential to undergo benign or malignant tumor formation. Primary tumors most commonly (90%-95%) originate from the uroepithelium. Although these tumors are clinically and radiologically similar, the definitive diagnosis is made by biopsy. However, many of these tumors have various radiological features that can guide the clinical approach.Bladder cancer presents a multifaceted challenge, exhibiting diverse tumor behaviors and unpredictable clinical outcomes. Imaging holds significance in both staging and monitoring bladder cancer. Continuous advancements in MR imaging technology have notably enhanced bladder cancer evaluation. The adoption and implementation of vesical imaging reporting and data system are poised to enhance communication throughout the diagnostic, staging, and surveillance processes for patients with BCa. This section will cover the general clinical characteristics and more detailed radiologic findings of bladder tumors.
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Gupta, Natasha, Jean H. Hoffman-Censits, and Phillip M. Pierorazio. "Oncologic Monitoring After Radical Nephroureterectomy." In Bladder Cancer, 457–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70646-3_40.

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Li, Roger. "Patient Evaluation and Diagnosis – Screening, Evaluation, and Workup." In Bladder Cancer, 379–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70646-3_33.

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Golla, Vishnukamal, and Karim Chamie. "Oncological Monitoring of NonMuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC)." In Bladder Cancer, 123–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70646-3_13.

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Jung, Ichabod, Edward M. Messing, and Yves Fradet. "Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer." In Current Clinical Urology, 57–83. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-097-1_3.

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Canter, Daniel J., Joseph Zabell, Stephen A. Boorjian, and Christopher J. Weight. "Surveillance and Monitoring." In Management of Bladder Cancer, 429–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1881-2_34.

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Ploeg, M., and J. A. Witjes. "Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Detection: Current Status." In Bladder Tumors:, 63–77. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-928-4_4.

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Sleeper, Joshua, and Yair Lotan. "Economics of Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Surveillance." In Bladder Tumors:, 121–37. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-928-4_7.

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Bryan, Rik, and Doug Ward. "Urine Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Screening." In Biology of Bladder Cancer, 371–92. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68505-7_18.

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Birkenkamp-Demtröder, Karin, Iver Nordentoft, Trine Strandgaard, Sia Viborg Lindskrog, and Lars Dyrskjøt. "Blood-Based Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis." In Biology of Bladder Cancer, 393–413. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68505-7_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer"

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Brinkmann, Maximilian, Anke Bonse, Ramon Droop, Felix Neumann, Steffen Ullmann, Thomas Würthwein, Niklas Lüpken, Sven Dobner, and Tim Hellwig. "Mobile SRS imaging for real-time histological assessment in bladder cancer (Conference Presentation)." In Optical Biopsy XXIII: Toward Real-Time Spectroscopic Imaging and Diagnosis, edited by Robert R. Alfano, Angela B. Seddon, Lingyan Shi, and Binlin Wu, 3. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3042698.

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Amaouche, Meryem, Ouassim Karrakchou, Mounir Ghogho, Anouar El Ghazzaly, Mohamed Alami, and Ahmed Ameur. "Redefining Cystoscopy With AI: Bladder Cancer Diagnosis Using an Efficient Hybrid CNN-Transformer Model." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 3030–36. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip51287.2024.10647282.

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Han, Haoyu, Shenghan Qu, Yanze Liu, Chunhui Liu, Jiaqi Yong, and Xiaoqing Yang. "Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Model for Precise Grading and Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer from Pathological Images." In 2024 IEEE 7th International Conference on Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (AUTEEE), 299–303. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/auteee62881.2024.10869706.

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Singh Panesar, Gurpreet, Aman Kaushik, and Ajav Goel. "Revolutionizing Bladder Cancer Detection: Harnessing Advanced AI-Driven Learning Techniques for Enhanced Early Diagnosis and Effective Treatment Strategies." In 2024 4th International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS), 1027–35. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ictacs62700.2024.10840795.

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Shin, Yoo-kyoung, You-rim Park, and Joo Beom Eom. "An implemented fluorescence imaging system for real-time monitoring of colorectal cancer location." In 3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications, JF2A.10. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/3d.2024.jf2a.10.

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We report a method for real-time monitoring of colorectal cancer, lymph node metastasis, and tumor growth inhibition of colorectal cancer cells through photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a near-infrared fluorescence diagnostic therapeutic system and fucoidan-based therapeutics. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the manufactured system and the developed CFN-gel, which has good accumulation efficiency in cancer cells. For comparison of the fabricated CFN-gels, commercial chlorine e6 (Ce6) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) were used. The effectiveness of cancer diagnosis and treatment was confirmed through fluorescence imaging and PDT experiments.
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Wu, Eric, Lubomir M. Hadjiiski, Ravi K. Samala, Heang-Ping Chan, Kenny H. Cha, Caleb Richter, Richard H. Cohan, et al. "Deep learning based bladder cancer treatment response assessment." In Computer-Aided Diagnosis, edited by Horst K. Hahn and Kensaku Mori. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2512240.

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Mukherjee, Sushmita, James S. Wysock, Casey K. Ng, Mohammed Akhtar, Sven Perner, Ming-Ming Lee, Mark A. Rubin, Frederick R. Maxfield, Watt W. Webb, and Douglas S. Scherr. "Human bladder cancer diagnosis using multiphoton microscopy." In SPIE BiOS: Biomedical Optics, edited by Nikiforos Kollias, Bernard Choi, Haishan Zeng, Reza S. Malek, Brian J. Wong, Justus F. R. Ilgner, Kenton W. Gregory, et al. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.808314.

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Clever, Jonathan, Lubomir Hadjiiski, Heang-Ping Chan, Richard H. Cohan, Elaine M. Caoili, Kenny H. Cha, Ravi K. Samala, and Chuan Zhou. "Bladder cancer segmentation using U-Net-based deep-learning." In Computer-Aided Diagnosis, edited by Khan M. Iftekharuddin and Weijie Chen. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2654650.

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Grimbergen, M. C. M., C. F. P. van Swol, R. O. P. Draga, P. van Diest, R. M. Verdaasdonk, N. Stone, and J. H. L. R. Bosch. "Bladder cancer diagnosis during cystoscopy using Raman spectroscopy." In SPIE BiOS: Biomedical Optics, edited by Nikiforos Kollias, Bernard Choi, Haishan Zeng, Reza S. Malek, Brian J. Wong, Justus F. R. Ilgner, Kenton W. Gregory, et al. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.807811.

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Begelman, Grigory, and Ehud Rivlin. "Automatic screening of bladder cells for cancer diagnosis." In 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2009.5414076.

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Reports on the topic "Diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer"

1

Boyes, Allison, Jamie Bryant, Alix Hall, and Elise Mansfield. Barriers and enablers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer to accessing timely cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment. The Sax Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/ieoy3254.

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• Older adults have complex and unique needs that can influence how and when cancer is diagnosed, the types of treatment that are offered, how well treatment is tolerated and treatment outcomes. • This Evidence Check review identified 41 studies that specifically addressed barriers and enablers to cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment among adults aged 65 years and older. • Question 1: The main barriers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer to access and participate in timely cancer screening relate to lack of knowledge, fear of cancer, negative beliefs about the consequences of cancer, and hygiene concerns in completing testing. The main enablers to participation in timely cancer screening include positive/helpful beliefs about screening, social influences that encourage participation and knowledge. • Question 2: The main barriers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer to access and/or seek timely cancer diagnosis relate to lack of knowledge of the signs and symptoms of cancer that are distinct from existing conditions and ageing, healthcare accessibility difficulties, perceived inadequate clinical response from healthcare providers, and harmful patient beliefs about risk factors and signs of cancer. The main enablers to accessing and/or seeking a timely cancer diagnosis include knowledge of the signs and symptoms of cancer, and support from family and friends that encourage help-seeking for symptoms. • Question 3: The main barriers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer in accessing and completing cancer treatment include discrimination against patients in the form of ageism, lack of knowledge, patient concern about the adverse effects of treatment, predominantly on their independence, healthcare accessibility difficulties including travel and financial burden, and patients’ caring responsibilities. The main enablers to accessing and completing cancer treatment are social support from peers in a similar situation, family and friends, the influence of healthcare providers, and involving patients in treatment decision making. • Implications. The development of strategies to address the inequity of cancer outcomes in people aged 65 years and older in NSW should consider: ­ Increasing community members’ and patients’ knowledge and awareness by providing written information and decision support tools from a trusted source ­ Reducing travel and financial burden by widely disseminating information about existing support schemes and expanding remote patient monitoring and telehealth ­ Improving social support by promoting peer support, and building the support capacity of family carers ­ Addressing ageism by supporting patients in decision making, and disseminating education initiatives about geriatric oncology to healthcare providers ­ Providing interdisciplinary geriatric oncology care by including a geriatrician as part of multidisciplinary teams and/or expanding geriatric oncology clinics.
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Current evidence for NBI technology in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. BJUI Knowledge, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0620.

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