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Academic literature on the topic 'Diagenesis models'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Diagenesis models"

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Sydnes, Magnhild, Willy Fjeldskaar, Ivar Grunnaleite, Ingrid Fjeldskaar Løtveit, and Rolf Mjelde. "The Influence of Magmatic Intrusions on Diagenetic Processes and Stress Accumulation." Geosciences 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110477.

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Diagenetic changes in sedimentary basins may alter hydrocarbon reservoir quality with respect to porosity and permeability. Basins with magmatic intrusions have specific thermal histories that at time of emplacement and in the aftermath have the ability to enhance diagenetic processes. Through diagenesis the thermal conductivity of rocks may change significantly, and the transformations are able to create hydrocarbon traps. The present numerical study quantified the effect of magmatic intrusions on the transitions of opal A to opal CT to quartz, smectite to illite and quartz diagenesis. We also studied how these chemical alterations and the sills themselves have affected the way the subsurface responds to stresses. The modeling shows that the area in the vicinity of magmatic sills has enhanced porosity loss caused by diagenesis compared to remote areas not intruded. Particularly areas located between clusters of sills are prone to increased diagenetic changes. Furthermore, areas influenced by diagenesis have, due to altered physical properties, increased stress accumulations, which might lead to opening of fractures and activation/reactivation of faults, thus influencing the permeability and possible hydrocarbon migration in the subsurface. This study emphasizes the influence magmatic intrusions may have on the reservoir quality and illustrates how magmatic intrusions and diagenetic changes and their thermal and stress consequences can be included in basin models.
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Lanteaume, Cyprien, François Fournier, Matthieu Pellerin, and Jean Borgomano. "Testing geologic assumptions and scenarios in carbonate exploration: Insights from integrated stratigraphic, diagenetic, and seismic forward modeling." Leading Edge 37, no. 9 (September 2018): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle37090672.1.

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Carbonates are considered complex, heterogeneous at all scales, and unfortunately often poorly seismically imaged. We propose a methodology based on forward-modeling approaches to test the validity of common exploration assumptions (e.g., chronostratigraphic value of seismic reflectors) and of geologic interpretations (e.g., stratigraphic correlations and depositional and diagenetic architecture) that are determined from a limited amount of data. The proposed workflow includes four main steps: (1) identification and quantification of the primary controls on carbonate deposition and the prediction of the carbonate stratigraphic architecture (through stratigraphic forward modeling); (2) identification of diagenetic processes and prediction of the spatial distribution of diagenetic products (diagenetic forward modeling); (3) quantification of the impact of diagenesis on acoustic and reservoir properties; and (4) computation of synthetic seismic models based on various scenarios of stratigraphic and diagenetic architectures and comparison with actual seismic. The likelihood of a given scenario is tested by quantifying the misfit between the modeled versus the real seismic. This workflow illustrates the relevance of forward-modeling approaches for building realistic models that can be shared by the various disciplines of carbonate exploration (sedimentology, stratigraphy, diagenesis, seismic, geomodeling, and reservoir).
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Surdam, Ronald C., Donald B. MacGowan, and Thomas L. Dunn. "Predictive models for sandstone diagenesis." Organic Geochemistry 17, no. 2 (January 1991): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(91)90081-t.

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Higgs, Karen E., Stuart Munday, Anne Forbes, and Karsten F. Kroeger. "Applications of geochemistry and basin modeling in the diagenetic evaluation of Paleocene sandstones, Kupe Field, New Zealand." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): 945–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2021.020.

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ABSTRACT Paleocene sandstones in the Kupe Field of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, are subdivided into two diagenetic zones, an upper kaolinite–siderite (K-S) zone and a lower chlorite–smectite (Ch-Sm) zone. Petrographic observations show that the K-S zone has formed from diagenetic alteration of earlier-formed Ch-Sm sandstones, whereby biotite and chlorite–smectite have been altered to form kaolinite and siderite, and plagioclase has reacted to form kaolinite and quartz. These diagenetic zones can be difficult to discriminate from downhole bulk-rock geochemistry, which is largely due to a change in element-mineral affinities without a wholesale change in element abundance. However, some elements have proven useful for delimiting the diagenetic zones, particularly Ca and Na, where much lower abundances in the K-S zone are interpreted to represent removal of labile elements during diagenesis. Multivariate analysis has also proven an effective method of distinguishing the diagenetic zones by highlighting elemental affinities that are interpreted to represent the principal diagenetic phases. These include Fe-Mg-Mn (siderite) in the K-S zone, and Ca-Mn (calcite) and Fe-Mg-Ti-Y-Sc-V (biotite and chlorite–smectite) in the Ch-Sm zone. Results from this study demonstrate that the base of the K-S zone approximately corresponds to the base of the current hydrocarbon column. An assessment with 1D basin models and published stable-isotope data show that K-S diagenesis is likely to have occurred during deep-burial diagenesis in the last 4 Myr. Modeling predicts that CO2-rich fluids were generating from thermal decarboxylation of intraformational Paleocene coals at this time, and accumulation of high partial pressures of intraformational CO2 in the hydrocarbon column is considered a viable catalyst for the diagenetic reactions. Variable CO2 concentrations and residence times are interpreted to be the reason for different levels of K-S diagenesis, which is supported by a clear relationship between the presence or absence of a well-developed K-S zone and the present-day reservoir-corrected CO2 content.
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Adelinet, Mathilde, Jean-François Barthélémy, Elisabeth Bemer, and Youri Hamon. "Effective medium modeling of diagenesis impact on the petroacoustic properties of carbonate rocks." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): WA43—WA57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0559.1.

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Carbonate formations are highly heterogeneous, and the velocity-porosity relationships are controlled by various microstructural parameters, such as the types of pores and their distribution. Because diagenesis is responsible for important changes in the microstructure of carbonate rocks, we have extended the standard effective medium approach to model the impact of diagenesis on the carbonate elastic properties through a step-by-step effective medium modeling. Two different carbonate rocks deposited, respectively, in lacustrine and marine environments are considered in this study. The first key step is the characterization of the diagenesis, which affected the two studied carbonate sample sets. Effective medium models integrating all of the geologic information accessible from petrographic analysis are then built. The evolution of the microstructural parameters during diagenesis is thoroughly constrained based on an extensive experimental data set, including X-ray diffraction analysis, different porosimetry methods, and ultrasonic velocity measurements. A new theoretical approach including two sources of compliance is developed to model the specific behavior of carbonates. A compliant interface is introduced around the main carbonate grains to represent grain contacts and the different pore scales are taken into account through multiscale modeling. Finally, direct calculations with the model provide elastic wave velocities representative of the different diagenetic stages. An extrapolation to permeability evolution is also introduced. This approach allows the identification of the acoustic signature of specific diagenetic events, such as dolomitization, dissolution, or cementation, and the assessment of their impact on the elastic properties of carbonates.
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Procopio, Noemi, Caley A. Mein, Sefora Starace, Andrea Bonicelli, and Anna Williams. "Bone Diagenesis in Short Timescales: Insights from an Exploratory Proteomic Analysis." Biology 10, no. 6 (May 23, 2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10060460.

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The evaluation of bone diagenetic phenomena in archaeological timescales has a long history; however, little is known about the origins of the microbes driving bone diagenesis, nor about the extent of bone diagenesis in short timeframes—such as in forensic contexts. Previously, the analysis of non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) through bottom-up proteomics revealed the presence of potential biomarkers useful in estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI). However, there is still a great need for enhancing the understanding of the diagenetic processes taking place in forensic timeframes, and to clarify whether proteomic analyses can help to develop better models for estimating PMI reliably. To address these knowledge gaps, we designed an experiment based on whole rat carcasses, defleshed long rat bones, and excised but still-fleshed rat limbs, which were either buried in soil or exposed on a clean plastic surface, left to decompose for 28 weeks, and retrieved at different time intervals. This study aimed to assess differences in bone protein relative abundances for the various deposition modalities and intervals. We further evaluated the effects that extrinsic factors, autolysis, and gut and soil bacteria had on bone diagenesis via bottom-up proteomics. Results showed six proteins whose abundance was significantly different between samples subjected to either microbial decomposition (gut or soil bacteria) or to environmental factors. In particular, muscle- and calcium-binding proteins were found to be more prone to degradation by bacterial attack, whereas plasma and bone marrow proteins were more susceptible to exposure to extrinsic agents. Our results suggest that both gut and soil bacteria play key roles in bone diagenesis and protein decay in relatively short timescales, and that bone proteomics is a proficient resource with which to identify microbially-driven versus extrinsically-driven diagenesis.
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Yang, Leilei, Linjiao Yu, Donghua Chen, Keyu Liu, Peng Yang, and Xinwei Li. "Effects of Dolomitization on Porosity during Various Sedimentation-Diagenesis Processes in Carbonate Reservoirs." Minerals 10, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10060574.

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Carbonate reservoirs, especially dolomite reservoirs, contain large reserves of oil and gas. The complex diagenesis is quite challenging to document the dolomite reservoirs formation and evolution mechanism. Porosity development and evolution in dolomite reservoirs primarily reflect the comprehensive effect of mineral dissolution/precipitation during dolomitization. In this study, multicomponent multiphase flow and solute transport simulation was employed to investigate dolomitization in the deep carbonate strata of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, where active exploration is currently under way. One- and two-dimensional numerical models with various temperatures, fluid compositions and hydrodynamic characteristics were established to quantificationally study dolomitization and its effect on porosity. After determining the main control factors, detailed petrologic characteristics in the studied area were also analyzed to establish four corresponding diagenetic numerical models under different sedimentary environments. These models enabled a systematic analysis of mineral dissolution/precipitation and a quantitative recovery of porosity evolution during various sedimentation-diagenesis processes. The results allowed for a quantitative evaluation and prediction of reservoir porosity, which would provide a basis for further oil and gas exploration in deep carbonate reservoirs.
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Sorauf, James E. "Biocrystallization models and skeletal structure of Phanerozoic corals." Paleontological Society Papers 1 (October 1996): 159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000097.

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Modern understanding of skeletal microstructure in fossil corals builds on knowledge of structure and biomineralization in modern corals and diagenesis of carbonate skeletons. It is agreed that the skeleton of living stony corals, the Scleractinia, is made of fibrous aragonite, with growth of biocrystals generally according to rules of crystal growth as observed in inorganic aragonite, but here controlled by organic matrix. Fossil scleractinians all apparently fit the same model of biomineralization seen in living corals, although some early taxa (Triassic) lack septal trabeculae, rod-like framework structures typical of all living and most fossil septate corals.Paleozoic corals, both septate Rugosa and non-septate Tabulata, had a skeleton of calcite, most likely low-magnesium calcite, thus had diagenetic histories differing considerably from the aragonitic Scleractinia. Agreement is lacking as to whether a single structural motif can be defined for the calcitic corals, that is, whether the Rugosa and Tabulata originally had a calcitic skeleton built of fibrous biocrystals, analogous to the scleractinians, or whether some others originally had a non-fibrous, lamellar skeletal microstructure. The disagreement hinges on whether both of these basic configurations are biogenic, or whether the latter is sometimes or always diagenetic in origin. The presence of matrix control over biomineralization in Rugosa and Tabulata is yet to be proven, but will play an important role in models for biocrystallization in these older cnidarians. Details of diagenetic history and modification of structures in these calcitic corals likewise warrant investigation to improve our ability to interpret the Paleozoic corals.
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Ma, Shuwei, Dazhong Ren, Lifa Zhou, Fengjuan Dong, Shi Shi, Mumuni Amadu, and Jun Sheng. "Impacts of diagenesis of tight sandstone gas reservoir on reservoir physical properties: A case study, Sulige gas field, Ordos Basin, China." Interpretation 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): T687—T699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0173.1.

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Diagenesis is one of the most important factors impacting the performance of many reservoirs and is perhaps the most important factor impacting the performance of tight sandstone reservoirs, such as those of the Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin of China. However, the relationship between diagenesis and related parameters determining reservoir physical properties remains unclear. Therefore, we have analyzed experimental data from high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and thin sections in addition to using a porosity recovery calculation model to investigate microscopic characteristics, diagenesis, and pore-evolution processes of the low-permeability tight gas reservoir of the He-8 unit of the Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin. In addition, we have identified the impacts of diagenesis on reservoir characteristics and established the relationship between diagenesis and reservoir quality evolution. We also used the Beard primary porosity model to recover the primary porosity, and to built the reducing and enhancing calculation models for intergranular pore, dissolution pore, and intercrystalline pore during diagenesis. Based on the quantitative relationship between diagenesis processes and porosity evolution, we found that the results of simulation calculation and experimental works were in close agreement with minimal error.
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Chen, Anqing, Shenglin Xu, Shuai Yang, Hongde Chen, Zhongtang Su, Yijiang Zhong, and Sihan Hu. "Ordovician deep dolomite reservoirs in the intracratonic Ordos Basin, China: Depositional model and Diagenetic evolution." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 36, no. 4 (May 23, 2018): 850–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598718778171.

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Recent natural gas discoveries indicate that non-karstification-dominated reservoirs exist in the intracratonic Ordos Basin. This study examines the sedimentological and geochemical characteristics needed to clarify the depositional model and diagenetic evolution process of this newly discovered reservoir type. The depositional environment of the dolomite reservoir can be characterized as a tidal flat that grew from the Central Paleo-uplift to the eastern depression by cyclic progradation on an epeiric platform. A tidal flat sequence can extend laterally as a progradational wedge in each cycle of sea level fluctuation. The sheet-shaped peritidal shoal facies associations patched on the wedge represent potential dolomite reservoirs and can be recognized by the presence of doloarenite that has been altered into a vaguely relict grained-texture by diagenesis. Although continuing destructive diagenesis has led to reservoir densification, burial dolomitization and burial dissolution with facies selectivity have tended to occur in peritidal shoal facies associations, thus improving the quality of the dolomite reservoirs. These models provide new insights for targeting deep dolomite hydrocarbon reservoirs in intracratonic basins.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diagenesis models"

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Thornton, David A. "A potential aeolian oil reservoir : the mid Devonian Tandalgoo formation, Canning Basin ; depositional models and diagenesis /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smt513.pdf.

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Kalefa, Mohamed. "Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy : Predictive Models for Reservoir Quality Evolution of Fluvial and Glaciogenic and Non-glaciogenic, Paralic Deposits." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6179.

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Development of a predictive model for the distribution of diagenetic alterations and related evolution of reservoir quality of sandstones was achieved by integrating the knowledge of diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy. This approach allows a better elucidation of the distribution of eogenetic alterations within sequence stratigraphy, because changes in the relative sea level induce changes to: (i) pore water chemistry, (ii) residence time of sediments under certain near-surface geochemical conditions, (iii) variations in the detrital composition, and (iv) amounts and type of organic matter.

This thesis revealed that eogenetic alterations, which are linked to sequence stratigraphy and have an impact on reservoir quality evolution, include formation of: (i) pseudomatrix and mechanically infiltrated clays in fluvial sandstones of the lowstand and highstand systems tracts (LST and HST, respectively), (ii) kaolinite in tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore-shoreface sandstones of HST, Gilbert-type deltaic sandstones of LST and fluvial deltaic sandstones of LST, (iii) kaolinite and mechanically infiltrated clays in sandstones lying below sequence boundary, (iv) K-feldspar overgrowths in fluvial deltaic LST, (v) glaucony towards the top of fluvial deltaic LST immediately below and at transgressive surface (TS) and in foreshore and shoreface transgressive systems tracts (TST) below parasequence boundaries (PB) and maximum flooding surface (MFS), (vi) framboidal pyrite and extensive cementation by calcite and dolomite in foreshore and shoreface and tide-dominated deltaic TST, and shoreface and tidal flat HST bioclastic-rich arenites particularly in the vicinity of PB, TS and MFS, (vii) pervasive cementation by iron oxide in shoreface-offshore and shoreface sandstones of TST immediately below the MFS, (viii) zeolites and palygroskite in shoreface sandstones of TST and HST, particularly above PB, and (ix) cementation by siderite in Gilbert-type deltaic sandstones of LST, tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore-shoreface sandstones of HST and in tide-dominated deltaic sandstones of TST, particularly at MFS. Moreover, this thesis revealed that the distribution of eogenetic alterations strongly control, and thus provide information for constraining the distribution patterns of mesogenetic alterations, such as illitization of mechanically infiltrated clays and dickitization of kaolinite, and hence of related reservoir quality evolution of sandstones during progressive burial.

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Grigg, Nicola Jane, and nicky grigg@csiro au. "Benthic Bulldozers and Pumps: Laboratory and Modelling Studies of Bioturbation and Bioirrigation." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060228.104425.

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Aquatic sediments are the recipients of a continual rain of organic debris from the water column. The decomposition reactions within the sediment and the rates of material exchange between the sediment and water column are critically moderated by the transport processes within the sediment. The sediment and solute movement induced by burrowing animals – bioturbation and bioirrigation – far exceed abiotic transport processes such as sedimentation burial and molecular diffusion. Thalassinidean shrimp are particularly abundant burrowing animals. Living in high density populations along coastlines around the world, these shrimp build complex burrow networks which they actively maintain and irrigate.¶ I used a laser scanner to map thalassinidean shrimp (Trypaea australiensis) mound formation. These experiments measured rapid two-way exchange between the sediment and depth. Subduction from the sediment surface proved to be just as important as sediment expulsion from depth, yet this is not detected by conventional direct entrapment techniques. The experiments demonstrated that a daily sampling frequency was needed to capture the extent of the two-way exchange.¶ I derived a one-dimensional non-local model accounting for the excavation, infill and collapse (EIC) of burrows. Maximum likelihood analyses were used to test the model against 210Pb and 228Th profiles taken from sediment cores in Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne. The maximum likelihood approach proved to be a useful technique for quantifying parameter confidence bounds and allowing formal comparison with a comparable biodiffusion model. The EIC model generally outperformed the biodiffusion model, and in all cases best EIC model parameter estimates required some level of burrow infill with surface material. The EIC model was expanded to two and three dimensions, which allowed the representation of lateral heterogeneity resulting from the excavation, infill and collapse of burrow structures. A synthetic dataset generated by the two-dimensional model was used to demonstrate the effects of heterogeneity and core sampling on the mixing information that can be extracted from one-dimensional sediment core data.¶ Burrow irrigation brings oxygenated water into burrow depths, and can affect the nitrogen cycle by increasing the rates of coupled nitrification and denitrification reactions. I modelled the nitrogen chemistry in the annulus of sediment surrounding an irrigated burrow using a radially-symmetrical diffusion model. The model was applied to three published case studies involving thalassinidean shrimp experiments and to field data from Port Phillip Bay. The results highlighted divergences between current theoretical understanding and laboratory and field measurements. The model further demonstrated potential limitations of measurements of burrow characteristics and animal behaviour in narrow laboratory tanks. Activities of burrowing animals had been hypothesised to contribute to high denitrification rates within Port Phillip Bay. Modelling work in this thesis suggests that the model burrow density required to explain these high denitrification rates is not consistent with the sampled density of thalassinidean shrimp in the Bay, although dense burrows of other animals are likely to be important. Limitations of one-dimensional representations of nitrogen diagenesis were explored via comparisons between one-dimensional models and the full cylinder model.
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Wang, Yuexing, and 王越興. "Sediment nutrient flux for a pulsed organic load: mathematical modeling and experimental verfication." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40987826.

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Booler, Jonathan Paul. "Carbonate facies, sequences and associated diagenesis, Upper Cretaceous, Tremp Basin, Spanish Pyrenees." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5527/.

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This thesis details the results of an integrated study of carbonate platform sedimentology, geometry, evolution and diagenesis within a sequence stratigraphic framework. This study has been based on the Upper Cretaceous carbonates within the Tremp basin of the Spanish Pyrenees, which, through the effects of minor tectonic deformation during the later parts of the Pyrenean orogeny, are exceptionally well exposed and can be studied in the form of a platform to basin cross-section upon a scale that is comparable to that of a seismic section. This study concentrates on the mid-Turonian to Coniacian-aged Congest platform and its associated basinal succession, whose sedimentology and geometrical features, in particular cyclic progradational cycles, and evidence of repeated flooding and exposure of the platform-top are interpreted in terms of . fluctuations in relative sea-level and associated variations in available accommodation space. These interpretations, together with evidence of subaerial exposure in the form of karst features, intensive dissolution and the presence of speleo-cements, are used to propose a dynamic 'forced regression' model for the evolution of the Congost platform, which involves two phases of platform development, separated by a period of forced regression. The primary and secondary porosity afforded by the abundant bi-mineralic rudists within the platform-top sediments allows for a detailed and comprehensive diagenetic study of these carbonates, in the form of a case study for a number of interesting diagenetic features. In addition to standard petrography, cathodoluminescence and stable isotope studies have been employed and have allowed the identification of such features as botryoidal calcitic marine cements, neomorphism which occurred in lagoonal waters and speleo-cements. This study also provides a detailed investigation of the diagenesis associated with subaerial exposure and the development of sequence boundaries. Differences in the early diagenesis of these carbonates from different parts of the Congost platform suggest that two separate phases of platform development experienced: 1) differing pore-fluid regimes; 2) differing frequencies and duration of subaerial exposure events; and 3) different magnitudes of relative sea-level fall. These features are considered in terms of variations in accommodation space during platform development and are used to develop the dynamic 'forced regression' model for the evolution of the Congost platform. A succession of Cenomanian to Santonian-aged basinal and slope sediments which can be correlated with the contemporaneous Santa Fe, Congost and Sant Comeli platforms and contain a large amount of allochthonous debris, much of which is derived from underiying units, are described and interpreted in terms of local tectonic activity and relative sea-level change. The final part of this thesis presents a new sequence stratigraphic model for the mid-Turonian to Coniacian-aged Congost platform which is compatible with the observations and conclusions of this study. This new sequence stratigraphic model suggests that the Congost platform developed within two separate depositional sequences, albeit with one being on a much larger scale than the other. Sequence boundaries are characterised by subaerial exposure on the platform top which can be correlated with hardgrounds and/or glauconite accumulations within the more basinal locations, overlain by deeper-water facies. The presence of submarine onlap surfaces and down-slope slide deposits immediately above the sequence boundaries suggests that the major transgressive events which followed sequence boundary development were brought about by local extensional tectonic activity, while the stratigraphic cyclicity within the sequences and major falls in sea-level which produced the sequence boundaries are interpreted to have resulted largely from eustatic processes.
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Rabouille, Christophe. "La diagenese precoce : modeles dynamiques et quantitatifs." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077161.

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La diagenese precoce des sediments marins profonds contribue au recyclage oceanique des debris biogeniques particulaires. Elle est aussi la premiere etape des transformations que cette matiere subit lors de son enfouissement. Cette etape conduit a des transformations biogeochimiques de la composition des particules qui constituent le sediment et fixe un enregistrement historique des conditions oceaniques. Pour y avoir acces, il est donc necessaire de comprendre et de quantifier les processus de diagenese precoce. Dans cette optique, nous avons developpe des modeles globaux quantitatifs de diagenese precoce qui representent les couplages chimiques et microbiologiques du milieu naturel. Ces modeles permettent de representer simultanement les distributions de carbone organique, oxygene, nitrate, phosphate et manganese solide et dissous dans les sediments. D'autre part, il est important de prevoir le comportement des sediments au cours de diverses perturbations, afin d'etre en mesure d'estimer les consequences sur les milieux aquatiques des futures variations de notre environnement. Dans ce but, nous avons mis au point des modeles qui rendent compte de la dynamique du sediment a la suite a differents evenements: perturbation par la megafaune benthique, depot de turbidite, ou deploiement de chambre benthique
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JEANDON, CHRISTOPHE. "Reactions modeles de la diagenese des chlorophylles." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13181.

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Les petroporphyrines sont des pigments presents, sous forme de melanges, dans la plupart des sediments contenant de la matiere organique. Ils sont en general les fossiles de chlorophylles. Leur purification chromatographique et l'identification de leurs structures sont souvent difficiles. L'acylation par reaction de friedel-crafts a ete reconsideree en tant qu'outil servant a faciliter la purification de ces melanges complexes et une nouvelle serie de porphyrines diacetylee a ete synthetisee dans ces conditions. Par ailleurs une nouvelle hemisynthese, de deux porphyrines fossiles, la deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrine (dpep) et la 15-methyl-dpep, a ete realisee a partir de la chlorophylle a. Cette preparation constitue une approche simple et rapide pour l'obtention de composes de reference. Nous avons egalement pu montrer que les porphyrines etaient facilement alkylees par l'alcool benzylique en presence d'une argile acide, la montmorillonite k10, ce qui constitue un premier pas vers la comprehension des phenomenes de transalkylation pouvant expliquer, en partie, la presence des porphyrines de haut poids moleculaires dans les melanges geochimiques. Dans une etude independante la preparation d'etioporphyrines par tetramerisation acido-catalysee d'un monopyrrole a permis d'obtenir une bonne selectivite en etioporphyrine i. La structure du monopyrrole de depart a, enfin, pu etre determinee avec exactitude et une serie de pyrroles reputes instables a ete preparee
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ROHRER, ANNICK. "Reactions modeles de la diagenese des porphyrines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13201.

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Les porphyrines presentes dans la matiere organique sedimentaire (petroporphyrines) sont les fossiles moleculaires de chlorophylles ou d'hemes provenant essentiellement d'algues ou de bacteries. Ces precurseurs biologiques subissent, au cours de leur diagenese, de multiples transformations catalysees par la temperature ou leur environnement chimique (argiles, ions metalliques, soufre et ses derives, etc). Notre travail a consiste a etudier, sur des porphyrines synthetiques, certaines de ces reactions, en particulier les interactions porphyrines-soufre et certains aspects des reactions de metallation. La premiere partie du travail decrit la synthese des composes de depart tetra et octaalkylporphyrines et en particulier une optimisation de la synthese de l'octaethylporphyrine de meme que son marquage par #1#3c #1#5n. Dans une seconde partie nous montrons que des reactions thermiques soufre porphyrines ont lieu ce qui a permis d'isoler et de caracteriser une serie de composes originaux comme des thiapyrano- et thienylporphyrines. Nous avons observe des reactions d'incorporation de soufre, d'hydrogenation et deshydrogenation, de formation et de coupure de liaisons carbone-carbone, toutes reactions observees dans les milieux sedimentaires. Enfin la troisieme partie de la these decrit une serie d'experiences de metallation de porphyrines par le nickel et le vanadium. Les premiers resultats demontrent une forte correlation structure vitesse de metallation
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Feleke, Arega Woldemariam. "A diagenetic two-layer eutrophication model for Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241657.

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Yang, Xin-She. "Mathematical modelling of compaction and diagenesis in sedimentary basins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0bdc6c43-4534-4f08-97e2-8a33d6b13e61.

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Sedimentary basins form when water-borne sediments in shallow seas are deposited over periods of millions of years. Sediments compact under their own weight, causing the expulsion of pore water. If this expulsion is sufficiently slow, overpressuring can result, a phenomenon which is of concern in oil drilling operations. The competition between pore water expulsion and burial is complicated by a variety of factors, which include diagenesis (clay dewatering), and different modes (elastic or viscous) of rheological deformation via compaction and pressure solution, which may also include hysteresis in the constitutive behaviours. This thesis is concerned with models which can describe the evolution of porosity and pore pressure in sedimentary basins. We begin by analysing the simplest case of poroelastic compaction which in a 1-D case results in a nonlinear diffusion equation, controlled principally by a dimensionless parameter lambda, which is the ratio of the hydraulic conductivity to the sedimentation rate. We provide analytic and numerical results for both large and small lambda in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4. We then put a more realistic rheological relation with hysteresis into the model and investigate its effects during loading and unloading in Chapter 5. A discontinuous porosity profile may occur if the unloaded system is reloaded. We pursue the model further by considering diagenesis as a dehydration model in Chapter 6, then we extend it to a more realistic dissolution-precipitation reaction-transport model in Chapter 7 by including most of the known physics and chemistry derived from experimental studies. We eventually derive a viscous compaction model for pressure solution in sedimentary basins in Chapter 8, and show how the model suggests radically different behaviours in the distinct limits of slow and fast compaction. When lambda << 1, compaction is limited to a basal boundary layer. When lambda >> 1, compaction occurs throughout the basin, and the basic equilibrium solution near the surface is a near parabolic profile of porosity. But it is only valid to a finite depth where the permeability has decreased sufficiently, and a transition occurs, marking a switch from a normally pressured environment to one with high pore pressures.
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Books on the topic "Diagenesis models"

1

Boudreau, Bernard P. Diagenetic models and their implementation: Modelling transport and reactions in aquatic sediments. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Diagenetic Models and Their Implementation: Modelling Transport and Reactions in Aquatic Sediments. Researchgate (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bernard_Boudreau/?ev=hdr_xprf): Springer (originally) but copyrights are held by the author (2003), 1996.

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Boudreau, Bernard P. Diagenetic Models and Their Implementation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60421-8.

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Diagenetic bedding: A model for marl-limestone alternations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Gąsiewicz, Andrzej. Sedymentologia i diageneza wapieni poselenitowych a model genetyczny polskich złóż siarki rodzimej =: Sedimentology and diagenesis of gypsum-ghost limestones and origin of Polish native sulphur deposits. Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, 2000.

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London, Geological Society of, ed. Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate systems of the Mediterranean and the Middle East: Stratigraphic and diagenetic reference models. London: Geological Society, 2010.

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Márta, Polgári. A Mn geokémiája a feketepala képzödés és a diagenetikus folyamatok tükrében = Manganese geochemistry- reflected by black shale formation and diagenetic processes: Az Úrkúti karbonátos mangánérc képzödési modellje = model of formation of the carbonatic manganese ore of Úrkút. Budapest: Interbridge Fundation & Karpati Publish House, 1993.

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Diagenetic Bedding: A Model for Marl-Limestone Alternations. Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG, 1986.

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Hoffmann, Heidi. Depositional and diagenetic model for the Middle Devonian Denay Limestone, northern Antelope Range, Eureka County, Nevada. 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diagenesis models"

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Maliva, Robert G. "Carbonate Facies Models and Diagenesis." In Springer Hydrogeology, 91–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32137-0_4.

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Van Cappellen, Philippe, Jean-François Gaillard, and Christophe Rabouille. "Biogeochemical Transformations in Sediments: Kinetic Models of Early Diagenesis." In Interactions of C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change, 401–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76064-8_17.

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Smith, Craig R. "Factors Controlling Bioturbation in Deep-Sea Sediments and Their Relation to Models of Carbon Diagenesis." In Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle, 375–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2452-2_23.

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Perrin, Christine. "Diagenesis." In Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs, 309–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_12.

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Aissaoui, D. M., D. Buigues, and B. H. Purser. "Model of Reef Diagenesis: Mururoa Atoll, French Polynesia." In Reef Diagenesis, 27–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82812-6_3.

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Boudreau, Bernard P. "Model Construction." In Diagenetic Models and Their Implementation, 23–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60421-8_3.

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Boudreau, Bernard P. "The Philosophy of Diagenetic Modelling." In Diagenetic Models and Their Implementation, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60421-8_1.

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Boudreau, Bernard P. "Appendix: How to Obtain Fortran Codes." In Diagenetic Models and Their Implementation, 362–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60421-8_10.

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Boudreau, Bernard P. "References." In Diagenetic Models and Their Implementation, 364–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60421-8_11.

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Boudreau, Bernard P. "Common and Important Symbols." In Diagenetic Models and Their Implementation, 394–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60421-8_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diagenesis models"

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Al Subait, Ali, Kadhem Al-Nasser, Najm Alqahtani, and Ammar Agnia. "Enhanced Reservoir Characterization of Complex Carbonates by Integrating Diagenesis with Petrophysical Properties." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210457-ms.

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Abstract Carbonate reservoir characterization is often challenging due to variable mineralogy, pore-geometry, texture, and diagenetic processes that modified the rock fabric and its petrophysical properties affecting rock typing, reservoir-potential evaluation, and deliverability prediction. This work implements a multidisciplinary petrophysical discrimination scheme that draws upon the diagenetic history of the rock to resolve such characterization challenges and optimize field development practices. This study integrates sequence stratigraphy, core description, petrography, diagenetic analysis, mineralogy, routine core analysis (RCA), mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) and wireline logs to define Diagenesis-Integrated Reservoir Rock Types (DI-RRT). The DI-RRT are established by delineating the continuous mineral phase, flow-dominant pore types, and main diagenetic processes. The data integration facilitated DI-RRT predictions, DI-RRT-constrained permeability and saturation-height modeling in all wells across the field. This rock typing scheme effectively classifies reservoir potential and delineates the contrast in the reservoir's flow and storage properties. Diagenesis, linked to lithological and pore attributes, serves as an effective discriminant for rocks of similar depositional and lithological settings but contrasting reservoir behavior. This is evident in reservoir intervals of high-energy depositional facies, which showed distinct petrophysical trends due to post-depositional modifications. Calcitic DI-RRT of mainly grain-dominated fabric and moldic porosity exhibits consistently low-to-modest potential that varied in response to the intensity of leaching, cementation and compaction. On the contrary, dolomitic DI-RRT manifest six distinctive behaviors distinguished by pore-type, texture, replacive dolomitization, dissolution and cementation. The reservoir quality is significantly enhanced where replacive dolomitization accompanied intensive dissolution, even with patchy anhydrite cementation. This scheme enabled the identification and mapping of these high-productivity zones in wells across the field. It further granted a good match between log- and core-based predictions of permeability and saturation. Integrating diagenesis with petrophysical rock types, wireline logs and field observations enhances reservoir characterization in complex carbonate reservoirs. It boosts current intellection of reservoir performance, identifies porosity-permeability and saturation trends with higher precision, and capitalizes on reservoir-quality zones during the field-development cycle. It further provides a roadmap to distribute petrophysical properties in uncored wells and 3D models optimizing subsequent static and dynamic models.
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Vorobiev, S., M. Altunbay, and K. B Salleh. "Tackling Diagenesis: Rock Physics Models Applications into Advanced Petrophysics." In EAGE/FESM Joint Regional Conference Petrophysics Meets Geoscience. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20132102.

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"Comparison of organic matter oxidation approaches in sediment diagenesis models." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.i7.paraska.

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Burdige, David, Tomoko Komada, and Hussain Abdulla. "Linking Dissolved Organic Matter Composition Data to Reaction-Transport Models of Sediment Diagenesis." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.283.

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Gordin, Yair, Thomas Bradley, Yoav O. Rosenberg, Anat Canning, Yossef H. Hatzor, and Harold J. Vinegar. "Relating Acoustic Anisotropy to Kerogen Content in Unconventional Formations - A Case Study in A Kerogen-Rich Unconventional Carbonate." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205912-ms.

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Abstract The mechanical and petrophysical behavior of organic-rich carbonates (ORC) is affected significantly by burial diagenesis and the thermal maturation of their organic matter. Therefore, establishing Rock Physics (RP) relations and appropriate models can be valuable in delineating the spatial distribution of key rock properties such as the total organic carbon (TOC), porosity, water saturation, and thermal maturity in the petroleum system. These key rock properties are of most importance to evaluate during hydrocarbon exploration and production operations when establishing a detailed subsurface model is critical. High-resolution reservoir models are typically based on the inversion of seismic data to calculate the seismic layer properties such as P- and S-wave impedances (or velocities), density, Poisson's ratio, Vp/Vs ratio, etc. If velocity anisotropy data are also available, then another layer of data can be used as input for the subsurface model leading to a better understanding of the geological section. The challenge is to establish reliable geostatistical relations between these seismic layer measurements and petrophysical/geomechanical properties using well logs and laboratory measurements. In this study, we developed RP models to predict the organic richness (TOC of 1-15 wt%), porosity (7-35 %), water saturation, and thermal maturity (Tmax of 420-435⁰C) of the organic-rich carbonate sections using well logs and laboratory core measurements derived from the Ness 5 well drilled in the Golan Basin (950-1350 m). The RP models are based primarily on the modified lower Hashin-Shtrikman bounds (MLHS) and Gassmann's fluid substitution equations. These organic-rich carbonate sections are unique in their relatively low burial diagenetic stage characterized by a wide range of porosity which decreases with depth, and thermal maturation which increases with depth (from immature up to the oil window). As confirmation of the method, the levels of organic content and maturity were confirmed using Rock-Eval pyrolysis data. Following the RP analysis, horizontal (HTI) and vertical (VTI) S-wave velocity anisotropy were analyzed using cross-dipole shear well logs (based on Stoneley waves response). It was found that anisotropy, in addition to the RP analysis, can assist in delineating the organic-rich sections, microfractures, and changes in gas saturation due to thermal maturation. Specifically, increasing thermal maturation enhances VTI and azimuthal HTI S-wave velocity anisotropies, in the ductile and brittle sections, respectively. The observed relationships are quite robust based on the high-quality laboratory and log data. However, our conclusions may be limited to the early stages of maturation and burial diagenesis, as at higher maturation and diagenesis the changes in physical properties can vary significantly.
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Ait-Ettajer, Taoufik, Laurent Fontanelli, and Lakshmikantha Mookanahallipatna. "Improving Drilling Success by Integrating Sedimentology and Diagenesis models: Case Study from South America." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25951-ms.

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Nadeau, P. H., P. A. Bjørkum, and O. Walderhaug. "Thermo-Chemical Models for Silicate Diagenesis, Overpressure and Hydrocarbon Resource Distributions - The Gulf of Mexico Evidence." In 63rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.15.o-34.

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Al-Nasser, Kadhem, and Mahmoud Alnazghah. "Novel Modeling Approach of Carbonate Reservoirs by Integrating Geological Facies, Diagenesis, and Wireline Logs for Field Development with Insights into Low Resistivity Pay." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21870-ms.

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Abstract Characterizing carbonate reservoirs is challenging due to their inherent complex nature, while diagenetic overprint causes an added layer of complexity. Diagenesis may enhance or deteriorate reservoir properties resulting in a wide range of pertinent rock types. The studied reservoirs consist of several shallowing upward cycles, which are capped by tidal flats lithofacies and evaporites, governing the spatial and temporal distribution of the reservoir units. In this work, we have used existing data to link sedimentology, stratigraphy, diagenesis, and wireline logs to build a full-field characterization model for improved well performance and prediction. The state-of-the-art characterization workflow includes data from sedimentologic core characterization, petrographic and diagenetic analyses, routine core analysis (RCA) at multiple overburdens, mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) measurements, and well wireline logs. The process starts with basic facies description for all cored wells, establishing the stratigraphic framework, and then characterizing the impact of the diagenetic overprint on depositional lithofacies. Using wireline logs, the altered depositional lithofacies by diagenesis are distributed within each mapped cycle of the established stratigraphic framework and then are used to generate/predict petrophysical rock types. The final detailed and obtained reservoir property information for all the facies is used in the 3D reservoir model. This work shows and explains how facies and diagenesis led to the development of low resistivity pay positively affecting a specific reservoir. This low resistivity interval, which is not common in carbonate, is related to the presence of abundant paramagnetic minerals in the reservoir. The dispersed conductive minerals have more effect on resistivity behavior as they will induce conductivity due to their distribution and mixing with irreducible water. Variation of depositional facies has a major influence on the flow geometry. We considered these variations while generating permeability modeling as well as averaging methods, which had been used later in both static and dynamic modeling. Therefore, our petrophysical rock typing and permeability and saturation height modeling were linked to both depositional and diagenetic processes. Establishing the lithofacies relationship to flow geometry will improve the static to dynamic match, in-fill drilling plan, as well as the well design (vertical/slanted/horizontal) for both producers and injectors.
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Massonnat, Gérard Joseph, Charles Danquigny, Emmanuelle Leonforte, Lucie Dal Soglio, Mickael Barbier, and Jean-Louis Lesueur. "A Multi-Process Reservoir Modelling Workflow as the Key for Unlocking Reservoir Prediction in Carbonates. Application to a Sector Model from the Albion R&D Project." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207556-ms.

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Abstract In carbonate reservoirs, because of the diversity of geological processes involved in the reservoir construction, the extrapolation of properties directly from well data to reservoir model gridblocks may lead to poorly predictive reservoir properties and then production forecasts. This paper proposes a modelling workflow in which new tools from disruptive technologies are associated in order to produce reservoir models consistently with reservoir geological construction. The workflow combines the simulation of the depositional facies and their transformation after diagenesis overprint. Original depositional facies are carried out from SED-RES™, a stratigraphic forward modelling software that generates and transports carbonate sediments according to ecological conditions and wind-induced currents. Then GODIAG™, a lattice gas, reproduces the evolution of the properties of the sediment after it has been deposited. The diagenesis history can be multi-stage and can involve different kinds of physical and chemical reactions. This new workflow has been evaluated in the framework of the ALBION R&D Project dedicated to the study of the Barremian-Aptian rudist-rich carbonate platform from south France that is known as an analogue of the Kharaib and Shuaiba reservoirs (UAE). Thanks to its multi-scale and multi-site aspect, ALBION offers the opportunity to test new modelling tools. The efficiency of the new workflow has been successfully applied on a sector model from an ALBION site on which a rich geological and petrophysical dataset is available from outcrops and numerous wells,
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Riaño Caraza, Juan M., Fernando S. Flores Avila, Iván Faría Rojas, and Luis E. Brito Rodríguez. "Development of a Performance Assessment Model (PAM) for High Complexity Non-Conventional Reservoirs." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84183.

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Chicontepec is one of the areas with the largest volume of original oil in place in Mexico; however, after more than 30 years of operation, its development has been very limited due to the high geological complexity and low rock quality of their reservoirs. The reservoirs are found in layered sequences of sediments deposited in turbiditic environments which have suffered different degrees of diagenesis, there is a great level of vertical heterogeneity and a very limited level of lateral continuity. The permeability of the reservoir area is in the range of 0.1 to 5 md, depending on the location and degree of diagenesis, with this level of permeability most wells require hydraulic fracturing to be produced economically. The volume of oil originally in place according to the latest certifications is around 130 billion barrels, of which to this date have been produced 200 MMbls, which represents a current recovery factor of 0.15%. In order to accelerate the development of reserves PEMEX has diversified efforts assigning some areas to other companies. This will provide greater ability to assess best practices and technologies. To evaluate the efforts of companies a performance assessment model was designed, which takes into account the integral complexity of each area to be fair in comparing the results obtained for the different areas. The aim of this paper is to describe the methodology used in the developing of the performance evaluation and integral complexity characterization models.
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Reports on the topic "Diagenesis models"

1

Lasaga, A. C., and D. M. Rye. Reactive fluid flow models and applications to diagenesis, mineral deposits and crustal rocks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6973243.

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Lasaga, A. C., and D. M. Rye. Reactive fluid flow models and applications to diagenesis, mineral deposits and crustal rocks. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10173566.

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Lasaga, A. C., and D. M. Rye. Reactive fluid flow models and applications to diagenesis, mineral deposits and crustal rocks. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10183433.

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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, and R A Stern. Tracing the subsurface sulfur cycle using isotopic and elemental fingerprinting: from the micro to the macro scale. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329789.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic and corrosive gas that commonly occurs in deeply buried sedimentary systems. Understanding its distribution is paramount to creating safe and effective models of H2S occurrence aiding in the identification of high-risk areas. Characterizing subsurface sulfur sources and H2S formation pathways would enhance these models leading to more accurate predictions of potential high H2S regions. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the dominant formation processes and migration pathways of key ingredients for H2S production in the Lower Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Essential to this is assessing the reactants necessary for H2S production, potential pathways for fluid migration, diagenetic history, and changes in redox conditions through time. The Montney Formation has undergone several phases of diagenesis related to post-depositional alteration and multiple cycles of tectonic burial and uplift. Early chemical alteration includes dolomitization and, in some cases, microbial reduction of porewater sulfate to sulfide that occurred prior to significant burial (Davies et al., 1997; Vaisblat et al., 2021; Liseroudi et al., 2020, 2021). The most recent tectonic-related burial during the Laramide Orogeny resulted in burial depths in excess of 3-5 km (Ness, 2001; Ducros et al., 2017) leading to significant thermal and barometric alteration. Associated with this orogenic activity was the reactivation of underlying faults (O'Connell et al., 1990) and development of fractures especially near the deformation front. These fractures provide conduits for fluid migration into the Montney that combined with heat and pressure resulting in hydrocarbon generation, migration, and development of overpressure, notably in the western margin of the basin. In addition, high temperatures resulted in thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) leading to the formation of H2S and subsequently pyrite. We present an interpretation of the Montney subsurface sulfur cycle through the use of petrography, micro- and macro-scale geochemical analysis (isotopic and elemental) to illustrate the complexity of this system. This work relies heavily on previous studies within and outside our research group and incorporates new analytical techniques to expand the toolbox. We aim to guide future research directions and activities by addressing issues related to sampling and data quality issues, analytical approaches, and highlight knowledge gaps.
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Johnson, Billy E., and Zhonglong Zhang. Testing and Validation Studies of the NSMII-Benthic Sediment Diagenesis Module. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012495.

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Simandl, G. J., R. J. D'Souza, S. Paradis, and J. Spence. Rare-earth element content of carbonate minerals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328001.

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Paleozoic platform carbonate rocks of the Rocky Mountains host Mississippi Valley-type (MVT), magnesite, barite, and REE-barite-fluorite deposits. Farther west, platform carbonate rocks of the Kootenay Arc host MVT and fracture-controlled replacement (FCR) deposits. This is the first systematic LA-ICP-MS study of carbonates in MVT and FCR deposits. We investigated seven MVT deposits in the Rocky Mountains, and five MVT deposits in the Kootenay Arc. None of the post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS)-normalized REE profiles show light REE (LREE) depletion and strong negative Ce anomalies characteristic of modern seawater: some profiles are nearly flat; others show depletion in LREE similar to seawater but without negative Ce anomalies; others are middle REE enriched. Carbonates with a strong positive Eu anomaly precipitated from or interacted with different fluids than carbonates with flatter profiles without a strong positive Eu anomaly. REE signatures reflect crystallization conditions of primary carbonates, and crystallization and re-equilibration conditions of carbonates with ambient fluids during diagenesis, deep burial, and/or metamorphic recrystallization. Chemical evolution of fluids along their migration path, fluid-to-rock ratio, fluid acidity, redox, and temperature also influence REE profile shape, which helps establish genetic and timing constraints on studied deposits and improves knowledge of the metallogeny of the Kootenay Arc and Rocky Mountains.
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Chidsey, Thomas C., David E. Eby, Michael D. Vanden Berg, and Douglas A. Sprinkel. Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs and Analogs from Utah. Utah Geological Survey, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-168.

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Multiple oil discoveries reveal the global scale and economic importance of a distinctive reservoir type composed of possible microbial lacustrine carbonates like the Lower Cretaceous pre-salt reservoirs in deepwater offshore Brazil and Angola. Marine microbialite reservoirs are also important in the Neoproterozoic to lowest Cambrian starta of the South Oman Salt Basin as well as large Paleozoic deposits including those in the Caspian Basin of Kazakhstan (e.g., Tengiz field), and the Cedar Creek Anticline fields and Ordovician Red River “B” horizontal play of the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota, respectively. Evaluation of the various microbial fabrics and facies, associated petrophysical properties, diagenesis, and bounding surfaces are critical to understanding these reservoirs. Utah contains unique analogs of microbial hydrocarbon reservoirs in the modern Great Salt Lake and the lacustrine Tertiary (Eocene) Green River Formation (cores and outcrop) within the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah. Comparable characteristics of both lake environments include shallowwater ramp margins that are susceptible to rapid widespread shoreline changes, as well as compatible water chemistry and temperature ranges that were ideal for microbial growth and formation/deposition of associated carbonate grains. Thus, microbialites in Great Salt Lake and from the Green River Formation exhibit similarities in terms of the variety of microbial textures and fabrics. In addition, Utah has numerous examples of marine microbial carbonates and associated facies that are present in subsurface analog oil field cores.
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