Journal articles on the topic 'Diachronic basins'
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Gallegos Reina, Antonio, and María Jesús Perles Roselló. "Relationships between Peri-Urbanization Processes and Multi-Hazard Increases: Compared Diachronic Analysis in Basins of the Mediterranean Coast." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10110759.
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This paper analyzes the relationships between the peri-urbanization process in the surroundings of cities and the increase in the synergistic dangers of flooding and water erosion. An analysis and an evaluation of the conditions causing the flooding in peri-urban basins are carried out, comparing the conditions before and after the peri-urbanization process. For this purpose, a diachronic analysis of the morphological and functional conditions of the territory that conditions flooding and associated dangers is provided. The conditions for the generation of runoff, the incorporation of solids into the flood flow, and the characteristics of urban planning are evaluated in 1956 (date before the peri-urbanization process) and 2010 (the peak of the urbanization process in the area) in order to analyze the changes in the land use model and their consequences on the increase in risk. The study is applied to four river basins (44 km2 in total) with varied land use models, in order to collect representative scenarios of the peri-urban coastal basins of the Spanish Mediterranean region. The results show that the risk factors that undergo the most significant changes are the runoff threshold, the vegetation cover, and the soil structure. It is concluded that peri-urbanization constitutes a territorial risk-causing process, and attention is drawn to the convenience of going beyond the sectoral approach in the study of hazards, coming to understand them as a multi-hazard process in which causes have a direct relationship with the underlying territorial model.
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Alexakis, D. D., M. G. Gryllakis, A. G. Koutroulis, A. Agapiou, K. Themistocleous, I. K. Tsanis, S. Michaelides, et al. "GIS and remote sensing techniques for the assessment of land use changes impact on flood hydrology: the case study of Yialias Basin in Cyprus." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 5 (September 13, 2013): 4833–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-4833-2013.
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Abstract. Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters worldwide, leading to economic losses and loss of human lives. This paper highlights the hydrological effects of multi-temporal land use changes in flood hazard within the Yialias catchment area, located in central Cyprus. Calibrated hydrological and hydraulic models were used to describe the hydrological processes and internal basin dynamics of the three major sub-basins, in order to study the diachronic effects of land use changes. For the implementation of the hydrological model, land use, soil and hydrometeorological data were incorporated. The climatic and stream flow data were derived from rain and flow gauge stations located in the wider area of the watershed basin. In addition, the land use and soil data were extracted after the application of object oriented nearest neighbor algorithms of ASTER satellite images. Subsequently, the CA-Markov chain analysis was implemented to predict the 2020 Land use/Land cover (LULC) map and incorporate it to the hydrological impact assessment. The results denoted the increase of runoff in the catchment area due to the recorded extensive urban sprawl phenomenon of the last decade.
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Rakotoarisoa, Mahefa Mamy, Romain Reulier, and Daniel Delahaye. "Agent-Based Modelling of the Evolution of Hydro-Sedimentary Connectivity: The Case of Flash Floods on Arable Plateaus." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 2967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052967.
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Land use and landscape structure play an important role in the functioning of flash floods on the arable plateaus of northern France. Landscape structures have changed considerably over the last decades with an increase in runoff-producing surfaces and an enlargement of the plots. This evolution results in an increase in runoff volumes accompanied by an increasingly easy diffusion of runoff on the slopes. There is therefore potentially an increasingly frequent and important spatial connectivity from the plots to the thalwegs, which can lead to the formation of flash floods. This study proposes to model this diachronic evolution of connectivity in a small agricultural basin of Seine Maritime using a multiagent system (MAS) and to develop synthetic indicators characterising these spatial links in the flow processes. The model outputs show that spatial connectivity has been steadily increasing over the past 70 years due to the enlargement of the parcel grid and the growth of runoff surfaces. For example, for the same 20 mm/h rainfall, the connectivity indicator increases from 40.99% (in 1947) to 78.33% (in 2015). This observation is observed for all levels of rainfall intensity, including the lowest. This modelling, carried out for a 116 ha basin in arable farming, can be transposed to all small agricultural basins.
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Coratza, Paola, and Carlotta Parenti. "Controlling Factors of Badland Morphological Changes in the Emilia Apennines (Northern Italy)." Water 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040539.
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Badlands are typical erosional landforms of the Apennines (Northern Italy) that form on Plio-Pleistocene clayey bedrock and rapidly evolve. The present study aimed at identification and assessment of the areal and temporal changes of badlands within a pilot area of the Modena Province (Emilia Apennines), where no previous detailed investigation has been carried out. For this purpose, a diachronic investigation was carried out to map the drainage basin and the drainage networks of the linear erosion features in the study area during the last 40 years, and to evaluate changes in badlands drainage basins morphometry and surface, land use and pluviometry. The investigation carried out indicated a general stabilisation trend of the badlands in the study area. In fact, a reduction in the bare surface area from 6187.1 m2 in 1973 to 4214.1 m2 in 2014 (31%), due to an intensified revegetation process around the badland areas, has been recorded. This trend, in line with the results of research carried out in other sector of the Northern Apennines, is mainly due to intensive land use changes, mostly the increase in forest cover and the reduction of agricultural land, that occurred in the study area from the 1970s onwards.
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Umukiza, Etienne, James M. Raude, Simon M. Wandera, Andrea Petroselli, and John M. Gathenya. "Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on PeakDischarge and Flow Volume in Kakia and Esamburmbur Sub-Catchments of Narok Town, Kenya." Hydrology 8, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8020082.
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Due to population growth and an expanding economy, land use/land cover (LULC) change is continuously intensifying and its effects on floods in Kakia and Esamburmbur sub-catchments in Narok town, Kenya, are increasing. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of LULC changes on peak discharge and flow volume in the aforementioned areas. The Event-Based Approach for Small and Ungauged Basins (EBA4SUB) rainfall–runoff model was used to evaluate the peak discharge and flow volume under different assumed scenarios of LULC that were projected starting from a diachronic analysis of satellite images of 1985 and 2019. EBA4SUB simulation demonstrated how the configuration and composition of LULC affect peak discharge and flow volume in the selected catchments. The results showed that the peak discharge and flow volume are affected by the variation of the Curve Number (CN) value that is dependent on the assumed LULC scenario. The evaluated peak discharge and flow volume for the assumed LULC scenarios can be used by local Municipal bodies to mitigate floods.
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Uhlein, Alexandre, Gabriel Jubé Uhlein, Fabrício de Andrade Caxito, and Samuel Amaral Moura. "Wrapping a Craton: A Review of Neoproterozoic Fold Belts Surrounding the São Francisco Craton, Eastern Brazil." Minerals 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14010043.
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A synthesis of the evolution of the Neoproterozoic belts or orogens surrounding the São Francisco craton (SFC) in northeastern and southeastern Brazil is presented. Emphasis is placed on recognizing the superposition of sedimentary basins, from rift to passive margin to retroarc and foreland, as well as identifying three diachronic continental collisions in the formation of the SFC. The Tonian passive margin occurs in the southern Brasília Belt with the Vazante, Canastra, and Araxá Groups. During the Tonian, island magmatic arcs and basins developed in front and behind these arcs (fore- and back-arcs). Subsequently, in the Cryogenian–Ediacaran, a retroarc foreland basin developed with part of the Araxá Group and the Ibiá Group, and finally, a foreland basin developed, which was filled by the Bambuí Group. A tectonic structure of superimposed nappes, with subhorizontal S1–2 foliation, formed between 650 and 610 Ma, is striking. In the northern Brasília Belt, there is the Stenian passive margin of the Paranoá Group, the Tonian intrusion of the Mafic–Ultramafic Complexes, and the Mara Rosa Island magmatic arc, active since the Tonian, with limited volcanic–sedimentary basins associated with the arc. A thrust–fold belt structure is prominent, with S1 foliation and late transcurrent, transpressive tectonics characterized by the Transbrasiliano (TB) lineament. The Cryogenian–Ediacaran collision between the Paranapanema and São Francisco cratons is the first collisional orogenic event to the west. In the Rio Preto belt, on the northwestern margin of the São Francisco craton, the Cryogenian–Ediacaran Canabravinha rift basin is prominent, with gravitational sediments that represent the intracontinental termination of the passive margin that occurs further northeast. The rift basin was intensely deformed at the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary, as was the Bambuí Group. On the northern and northeastern margins of the São Francisco craton, the Riacho do Pontal and Sergipano orogens stand out, showing a comparable evolution with Tonian and Cryogenian rifts (Brejo Seco, Miaba, and Canindé); Cryogenian–Ediacaran passive margin, where the Monte Orebe ophiolite is located; and Cordilleran magmatic arcs, which developed between 620 and 610 Ma. In the Sergipano fold belt, with a better-preserved outer domain, gravitational sedimentation occurs with glacial influence. A continental collision between the SFC and the PEAL (Pernambuco-Alagoas Massif) occurred between 610 and 540 Ma, with intense deformation of nappes and thrusts, with vergence to the south and accommodation by dextral transcurrent shear zones, such as the Pernambuco Lineament (PE). The Araçuaí belt or orogen was formed at the southeastern limit of the SFC by a Tonian intracontinental rift, later superimposed by a Cryogenian–Ediacaran rift–passive margin of the Macaúbas Group, with gravitational sedimentation and glacial influence, and distally by oceanic crust. It is overlain by a retroarc basin with syn-orogenic sedimentation of the Salinas Formation, partly derived from the Rio Doce cordilleran magmatic arc and associated basins, such as the Rio Doce and Nova Venécia Groups. A third continental collision event (SF and Congo cratons), at the end of the Ediacaran (580–530 Ma), developed a thrust–fold belt that deforms the sediments of the Araçuaí Belt and penetrates the Paramirim Corridor, transitioning to the south to a dextral strike-slip shear zone that characterizes the Ribeira Belt.
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Samet, Nili. "THE VALIDITY OF THE MASORETIC TEXT AS A BASIS FOR DIACHRONIC LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF BIBLICAL TEXTS: EVIDENCE FROM MASORETIC VOCALISATION." Journal for Semitics 25, no. 2 (May 10, 2017): 1064–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1013-8471/2569.
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The last decade has witnessed a lively scholarly debate regarding the diachrony of biblical Hebrew and the validity of the differentiation between CBH and LBH. Lately, two of the prominent challengers of the traditional views have criticised the diachronic school from a new perspective, arguing against the use of the Masoretic Text as a basis for the linguistic discussion. This paper seeks to establish the validity of the Masoretic Text as a basis for diachronic linguistic analysis from the angle of Tiberian vocalisation. Three case studies from the Book of Qoheleth are examined, each involving an LBH component whose existence in the text is revealed to us only through Masoretic vocalisation. The case studies include the assimilation of third aleph with third he participles; the use of the abstract nominal pattern qitlôn; and the feminine demonstrative ז ֹה .The case studies show that the Masoretes had preserved the difference between CBH and LBH pronunciations, although they were probably unaware of the historical nature of these different pronunciations and of their diachronic dimension. These findings testify to a strong and stable oral Masoretic tradition which accompanied the written one. Both were transmitted for many centuries, and they were, in many cases, precise to the extant they could reflect dialectological differences within Biblical Hebrew. The paper concludes with a comment regarding Masoretic anachronisms and their place in the overall picture of Masoretic traditions.
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KUZNETSOV, ILYA V., and NATALIA V. MAKSIMOVA. "SPEECH AUTONOMIES OF THE TEXT: GAINING AND LOSING MARKING." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 2, no. 101 (2021): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2021-2-101-5.
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The purpose of the article is to identify patterns of losing and gaining markers dealing with boundaries of the speech of others in synchrony and diachrony. The corresponding processes caused by diachronic tendencies, functions of speech of others in the author's poetics, and the interpretative nature of meanings are considered. Consistent application of the communicative linguistic concept is developed on the basis of an integrative approach supported by the dynamic principle. Methods of communicative linguistics, dialogic syntax of the text helped to identify the periods of gaining and losing markers in the speech of others, their function in synchrony and diachrony, show the conceptual dependence relations “own - others” in the novel by E. Vodolazkin “Laurus”.
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Curti-Contessoto, Beatriz. "EM BUSCA DE UMA TERMINOLOGIA DIACRÔNICA SISTEMATIZADA: ALGUNS CONCEITOS BÁSICOS EM FOCO." Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada 61, no. 1 (January 2022): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01031813v61n120228667580.
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RESUMO A diacronia nem sempre é um aspecto abordado pelos estudos que se debruçam sobre os termos à luz de diferentes perspectivas em Terminologia. Dentre elas, a Terminologia Diacrônica (TD), concebida como uma vertente que tem o principal objetivo de enfocar esse aspecto a partir de diversas abordagens teóricas e metodológicas, tem recebido mais atenção nas últimas décadas em trabalhos diversos, cujo ponto em comum é a adoção de uma abordagem terminológico-diacrônica. A diversidade dessas pesquisas é tamanha que, de acordo com Dury e Picton (2009), acaba gerando contornos teóricos e metodológicos vagos e imprecisos em Terminologia. Com o intuito, então, de contribuir com uma organização desses contornos, em português brasileiro, já que, em nosso país, estudos (sobretudo teóricos) nesse viés ainda são incipientes, tratamos, neste artigo, de apresentar um panorama de pesquisas internacionais e nacionais, destacando suas principais características em termos de contribuição e de concepções de base. Partindo desse panorama, discutimos o uso, nesses estudos, de alguns termos que se referem aos fenômenos analisados e às implicações teóricas e metodológicas que são reiteradas pelas concepções relativas a essas unidades terminológicas. Com isso, esperamos que este trabalho possa despertar mais interesse por essa abordagem e, indo mais além, servir, talvez, como um ponto de partida para pesquisas a serem desenvolvidas especialmente no Brasil.
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Picton, Aurélie. "Picturing short-period diachronic phenomena in specialised corpora." Terminology 17, no. 1 (June 20, 2011): 134–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.17.1.08pic.
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This article presents a first description and a proposal for the classification of the evolution phenomena involved in short-term diachrony in the field of space. It is based on the principles of Textual Terminology and relies on a tool-based analysis of two diachronic corpora. The linguistic methodology is briefly described but the emphasis is on the list of evolution phenomena revealed through our analysis. These results present an original description of knowledge evolution: 17 types of evolution are listed, revealing the heterogeneity and richness of terminology dynamics and offering a descriptive basis to start new subsequent research that would complete this typology
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R.M., Sytniak. "CONFLICT OF SYNCHRONY AND DIACHRONY IN RESEARCH ON LEXICAL SEMANTICS (LINGVO-HISTORIOGRAPHIC ASPECT)." South archive (philological sciences), no. 87 (September 29, 2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-87-11.
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The purpose of the article is to highlight the views of linguists of the second half of the XX – early XXI century on the importance of synchronic and diachronic studies of lexical meaning and identify the tendency of modern linguists to consider synchrony and diachrony as components of one whole. With the help of synchronic-diachronic study of language, studies of lexical semantics are presented in an extremely wide range of works, which receive new opportunities to explain semantic processes and highlight similar dominant features in both structurally related and unrelated languages. The scientific interest of linguists can be directed both to the study of a particular morpheme and to the derivation of universal laws for the development of the lexical meaning of the world’s languages. The vast majority of studies, however, have a more or less clear distribution on the principle of synchrony and diachrony. The article highlights the current perception of diachronic research as one that consists of a number of studies of synchronous sections in the history of lexical meaning, and as a result is considered as one holistic effective study. In accordance with the purpose of the article, a general scientific method is used – an actualist method, which is based on the principle of historicism and allows modern knowledge to trace the development of certain linguistic concepts in the past and predict some trends in future theories. The methodological basis of the actualist method is the principles of historicism, causality, systematics and the principle of general connection of phenomena. As the result of the research it was established that the linguists of our time accept the idea of not confrontation, but of fruitful joint work of synchronic and diachronic research of lexical meaning, unity of synchronic description and historical reconstruction. The author concludes that from the point of view of modern linguistics, the dichotomy of synchrony and diachrony is quite conditional. Synchronous research is not opposed, but, on the contrary, is an important component of diachronic research, because diachronic analysis without synchronic one does not exist. The tacit ban on the use of language history data in synchronic analysis has been overcome.Key words: synchrony, diachrony, dichotomy, non-linguistic concept, interdependence, flexible way of thinking, scientific subjectivism. Метою статті є висвітлення поглядів мовознавців другої половини ХХ – початку ХХІ століття на важливість синхронічних та діахронічних досліджень лексичного значення та виявлення тенденції лінгвістів сучасності розглядати синхронію та діахронію як складники одного цілого. За допомогою синхронно-діахронного вивчення мови дослідження лексичної семантики представлені надзвичайно широким діапазоном праць, що отримують нові можливості пояснення семантичних процесів та виокремлення схожих домінантних рис як у споріднених, так і у неспоріднених мовах світу. Науковий інтерес мовознавців може бути спрямований як на дослідження окремої морфеми, так і на виведення універсальних законів розви-тку лексичного значення мов світу. Більшість досліджень усе ж мають більш-менш чіткий розподіл за принципом синхронії та діахронії. У статті висвітлюється сучасне сприйняття діахронного дослідження як такого, що складається із певної кількості досліджень синхронних зрізів в історії лексичного значення, і як результат – розглядається одним цілісним ефективним дослідженням. Відповідно до мети у статті використано загальнонауковий метод – актуалістичний, який бере за основу принцип історизму і дає змогу за допомогою сучасних знань простежити розвиток певних лінгвістичних концепцій у минуло-му та передбачити деякі тенденції майбутнього розвитку відповідних теорій. Методологічну основу актуалістичного методустановлять принципи історизму, причиновості, системності та принцип загального зв’язку явищ. У результаті дослідження встановлено прийняття лінгвістами сучасності ідеї не протистояння, а плідної сумісної праці синхронного та діахронного дослідження лексичного значення, єдність синхронного опису та історичної реконструкції. Автор доходить висновку, що з погляду сучасного мовознавства дихотомія синхронії та діахронії носить досить умовний характер. Синхронне дослідження не протиставляється, а навпаки, є важливою складовою частиною діахронного дослідження, тому що діахронний аналіз без синхронного не існує. Припинено мовчазну заборону на використання даних історії мови у разі синхронного аналізу. Ключові слова: синхронія, діахронія, дихотомія, нелінгвістична концепція, взаємозумовленість, мінливий образ мислення, науковий суб’єктивізм.
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Ihden, Sarah. "Zur Entwicklung der Verbstellung im mittelniederdeutschen Relativsatz." Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschichte 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 282–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbgsg-2019-0016.
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Abstract Der vorliegende Aufsatz widmet sich der diachronen Entwicklung der Verbstellung im mittelniederdeutschen Relativsatz und setzt damit an einem noch immer bestehenden Desiderat im Bereich der mittelniederdeutschen Syntax an. Auf der Basis eines Korpus aus sechs nordniedersächsischen Rechtstexten aus der Zeit vom 13. bis zum 16. Jahrhundert werden zunächst verschiedene Verbstellungstypen im Relativsatz ermittelt. Anschließend werden mit der Folge Finitum vor Infinitum im Verbalkomplex, der Nachfeldbesetzung sowie den afiniten Konstruktionen drei Phänomene genauer in den Blick genommen, die eine absolute Verbletztstellung im mittelniederdeutschen Relativsatz verhindern. Im Aufsatz soll das Vorkommen dieser Phänomene in Rechtstexten verschiedener Entstehungszeiten präsentiert und auf dieser Basis die Frage beantwortet werden, ob eine diachrone Zunahme der absoluten Verbletztstellung im mittelniederdeutschen Relativsatz festzustellen ist.
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Srebryanskaya, Natalia. "English War Discourse: Diachronic Aspect." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 3 (August 2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.3.9.
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The article considers the features of English military discourse development over several centuries (11 th –21 st centuries). Particular attention is paid to modern signs of the war discourse, which is treated as a part of political discourse. The material for diachronic analysis is represented with the written sources of ancient and Middle English epics. Modern English military discourse is considered on the basis of media publications. Historical sources give information about the methods of waging war with the use of steel and firearms, its scale, and the heroism of warriors. The analysis undertaken has made it possible to single out the features of modern English discourse of war: the use of euphemisms, numerous neologisms and techniques of speech manipulation. Euphemisms are often represented with lexemes from dictionary entries referring to the word war or lexical substitutes with the most generalized non-specific semantics. Neologisms of military discourse arise as a result of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Linguistic factors are the creation and use of euphemisms for statements about the unsightly facts of war. Extralinguistic factors include the emergence of new types of warfare and military technology. Some new types of warfare that use information technology are considered. Conclusions concerning international character of military terminology and rapid development of war discourse at present are drawn in the article.
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Prosianyk, Oksana. "TEMPORAL STATES OF LANGUAGE ACTIVITY: ON THE PROBLEM OF DISTINGUISHING ONTOLOGICAL AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN THE SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF F. DE SAUSSURE." Studia Linguistica, no. 18 (2021): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2021.18.108-118.
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The article gives critical assessment of the problem of synchrony / diachrony, mythologized in the traditional reception of the views of Ferdinand de Saussure. The concept of F. de Saussure is known, first of all, in the presentation of “Course in General Linguistics”, published in 1916, compiled by fellow scientists. Saussure’s autographed materials, published in 2002, provide the basis to reconsider the main provisions of his scientific concept. The article presents an understanding of temporal states of language activity in the concept of the “new” Saussure. The careful reading of the autographs showed that the time was a key determinant of the existence of a linguistic object for the Swiss linguist. Saussure distinguishes language activity, language and speech, above all, by their temporal features, as well as by their functions. Language is a set of simultaneous diverse semiological relationships, i.e., it is idiosynchronous. Speech as a one-time statement and as a discursive situation in general is an action that is to create a sequential phonetic series. Saussure describes it as diachronic on a time basis and doesn’t associate it with the history of language. Language activity as a holistic function of human experience is both unchanging and functioning in time, i.e. continuous, panchronic.
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Schiering, René. "The phonological basis of linguistic rhythm: cross-linguistic data and diachronic interpretation." Language Typology and Universals 60, no. 4 (December 2007): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2007.60.4.337.
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Yanning, Yang. "The diachronic analysis of resultative constructions." Language, Context and Text 5, no. 1 (May 26, 2023): 80–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00043.yan.
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Abstract This study aims to illustrate a systemic functional framework for analysing the change of constructions which are inherently form-meaning correspondences. The study first discusses the value of systemic functional linguistics (hereafter SFL) to solving the perceived problems arising from the theoretical model of grammaticalisation. The dominance of grammaticalisation theory in historical linguistics has led some to equate grammaticalisation with language change. However, a systematic exploration of the semantic change is frequently lost in the literature on grammaticalisation. SFL, since its beginning in the early 1980s, has become a leading linguistics school in dealing with semantic and lexicogrammatical changes and the mapping between meaning and form. This study proposes a framework in which SFL theories allow us to address the critical issues in construction change, hence providing mechanisms for the diachronic analysis of both semantic and lexicogrammatical changes. On the basis of the framework, this study focuses its analysis on the change of resultative constructions (hereafter RCs) in Old Chinese and Old English. The diachronic analysis shows that new constructions emerge through a cycle of language change in which the interaction of semantics and lexicogrammar plays a central role. In addition, semantic condensing and compacting are critical steps in the creation of new constructions.
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Yates, Anthony D. "Anatolian Default Accentuation and Its Diachronic Consequences." Indo-European Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2015): 145–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00301002.
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This paper adduces evidence for and attempts to phonologically motivate a pattern of descriptive “retraction” of surface word accent in the Anatolian languages. It is proposed that the innovative accentual peak ( ictus ) in the relevant forms is due to Anatolian Default Accentuation , which applies when no constituent morpheme in a prosodic word is lexically specified as accented and assigns ictus to its leftmost syllable. Diachronic prosodic change is shown to result from the interaction of various morphophonological developments and the stable operation of this default accentual principle, whose effects in Hittite, Palaic, and Luwian require its reconstruction for Proto-Anatolian. Furthermore, the Anatolian evidence is argued to support Kiparsky and Halle’s (1977) reconstruction of the same default principle for Proto-Indo-European on the basis of Vedic Sanskrit and Balto-Slavic evidence.
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De Cesare, Ilaria. "Quantitative Methoden in diachronen Studien: Anwendung am Beispiel der Wortstellungsvariation in deutschen Infinitiven." Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 51, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 124–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zgl-2023-2004.
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Abstract On the basis of a case study on the linearisation of German infinitival complements, the present paper illustrates the advantages of selected quantitative and statistical methods in diachronic studies. In particular, it first discusses, the problem of the availability of balanced diachronic corpora and how mixed-effects modelling can help make the best of “bad data” and second, it deals with the question of periodisation and shows the advantages of a data-driven method.
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Dhiwangkara, Tresnadian, and Atikah Ruslianti. "Cultural representation in three various cover designs of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone." Lililacs Journal : English Literature, Language, and Cultural Studies Journal 2, no. 2 (July 11, 2022): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/lililacs.022.04.
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This study aims to look at the cultural representations within the cover of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone from three different countries, namely the United Kingdom, the United States, and Indonesia, and how the cultures of three countries influence the focuses represented on the cover. Using cultural semiotic theory by Yuri Lotman, this research uses a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the visual and verbal texts synchronicly and diachronicly on the basis of temporal context to see the relationship between the culture and the focuses. This study indicates several cultural representations on each cover that can only be seen when these focuses are analyzed with their diachronic aspects. Some of the focuses only appears on one cover and not on the two other covers because there are no correlations between the focus it represents and the culture of that country, so the cover chooses to display other focuses which do have cultural and historical correlations with the country. These cultures are represented and contributed to influence the focuses displayed on the cover. The influence on each focuses could take the form through its pose and portrayal, size comparison, visibility, location, color, and also the style of the illustration itself.
Keywords: Cultural Representation, Cover Design, Harry Potter and The Philosopher's Stone
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Zhang, Weiwei, Dirk Geeraerts, and Dirk Speelman. "Visualizing onomasiological change: Diachronic variation in metonymic patterns for woman in Chinese." Cognitive Linguistics 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 289–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0093.
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AbstractThis paper introduces an innovative method to aid the study of conceptual onomasiological research, with a specific emphasis on diachronic variation in the metonymic patterns with which a target concept is expressed. We illustrate how the method is applied to explore and visualize such diachronic changes by means of a case study on the metonymic patterns for woman in the history of Chinese. Visualization is done with the help of a Multidimensional Scaling solution based on the profile-based distance calculation (Geeraerts et al. 1999; Speelman et al. 2003) and by drawing diachronic trajectories in a set of MDS maps, corresponding to different metonymic targets. This method proves to be effective and feasible in detecting changes in the distribution of metonymic patterns in authentic historical corpus data. On the basis of this method, we can show that different targets exhibit different degrees of diachronic variation in their metonymic patterns. We find diachronically more stable targets (e.g. imperial woman), targets with a dominant trend in diachronic variation (e.g. a woman), and targets with highly fluctuating historical variation (e.g. beautiful woman). Importantly, we can identify the cultural and social changes that may lie behind some of these changes. Examining the results uncovered by the method offers us a better understanding of the dynamicity of metonymic conceptualizations.
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SYTNIAK, Roman. "Etymology as a basis of diachronic research of lexical meaning (lingvo-historiographic aspect)." Humanities science current issues 3, no. 40 (2021): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/40-3-18.
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Keene, Joshua L. "A diachronic perspective on Great Basin projectile point morphology from Veratic Rockshelter, Idaho." Quaternary International 466 (February 2018): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.01.047.
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Nilsen, E. A., and E. A. Okulova. "The Nominative Field of HAPPINESS Concept in the Middle English and Modern English Periods." Discourse 9, no. 5 (November 22, 2023): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-5-139-149.
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Introduction. The article presents the result of the diachronical research of HAPPINESS concept nominative field. The research was conducted on the basis of English explanatory dictionaries and texts of corpus databases, using the methods of corpus linguistics. The relevance of the research is due to the insufficient development of the theoretical foundations for studying the evolution of nominations and components of the concept under study, and the development of corpus linguistics as one of the most relevant ways of studying concepts.Methodology and sources. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is formed by cognitive linguistics studies by N.N. Boldyrev, Y.S. Stepanov, E.S. Kubryakova, E.A. Nielsen, Z.D. Popova, I.A. Sternin; conceptology studies, in particular, emotional concepts, and emotiology studies by N.A. Krasavsky, V.I. Shakhovsky and O.E. Filimonova. The empirical material of the study is based on the texts of English corpus databases, as well as articles of English explanatory and etymological dictionaries.Results and discussion. Based on the method of constructing the nominative field described by Popova and Sternin and using the material of English explanatory dictionaries for the Middle and Modern English, the core of HAPPINESS concept is revealed. Based on the texts of English corpus databases, using corpus linguistics methods, as well as the collocation search model compiled by the author, the concept’s nominative field’s peripheral components are identified. Based on the analysis, the proposed changes in the composition of the nominative field of the concept in diachrony are revealed.Conclusion. In conclusion, the results of the analysis of the nominative field of HAPPINESS concept are presented, and the provisions on the nature of the development of the concept in diachrony are put forward.
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Pickl, Simon. "Polarization and the Emergence of a Written Marker. A Diachronic Corpus Study of the Adnominal Genitive in German." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 32, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 145–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542719000151.
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This article investigates the diachrony of the adnominal genitive in written German by analyzing its usage in a diachronic corpus of sermons from the Upper German dialect area spanning the time from the 9th to the 19th century. The wide temporal scope allows for a better assessment of the events relating to the genitive’s disappearance from spoken German in Early New High German and the successive rise of its adnominal form in written German. Sermons make it possible to study the phenomenon over a long time because they provide a relatively consistent data basis in terms of genre and region. At the same time, as a genre that has characteristics of both spoken and written language, sermons show signs of changing stylistic trends, which makes them valuable for gaining insights in the divergent development of genitive use in spoken and written German. In order to characterize this divergence better, I use the concept of polarization, which describes the differentiation of linguistic usage between disparate contexts such as speech and writing. It becomes clear that the changes in genitive use found in the corpus cannot be viewed independently of sociopragmatic factors and their impact on the stylistic shape of the texts.*
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McConachie, B. A., J. Filatoff, and N. Senapati. "STRATIGRAPHY AND PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE ONSHORE CARPENTARIA BASIN, QUEENSLAND." APPEA Journal 30, no. 1 (1990): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj89009.
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Over the past four years Comalco in joint venture with Bridge Oil have undertaken extensive exploration within the Carpentaria Basin. Over 3000 km of multifold reflection seismic data has been acquired and four petroleum exploration wells were drilled. In addition, the Queensland Department of Mines (GSQ) has drilled four cored full-section stratigraphic wells in the deeper parts of the basin.Analysis of the work to date indicates that the basin is not as structurally simple as first thought. Four sub- basins are recognised based on the composition and timing of Mesozoic sedimentary fill. These are the Weipa, Western Gulf, Staaten and Boomarra sub-basins. The Boomarra Sub-basin contains a Middle Triassic red-bed sequence which is 250 m thick in drill hole GSQ Dobbyn- 1. Thick, Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous, basal fluvial and marine sandstone sequences are restricted to the Weipa and Staaten sub-basins, where they are confined principally to the palaeotopographic valleys. The Western Gulf Sub-basin is believed to contain minimal basal Mesozoic sandstone.Although sedimentary depositional environments exhibit widespread continuity throughout the Carpentaria Basin, variations in lithology and provenance as well as diachronism can be demonstrated between the various sub-basins. Most notably the late Neocomian marine transgression began earlier at Weipa than in the southern sub-basins. A basin-wide stratigraphy has been developed from deep drill hole correlations and mapping of outcrop sections around the margin of the basin in the Olive River, Gregory Range and Melish Park areas thus enabling the petroleum reservoir character of the basin to be determined.
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Sleiderink, Remco, Helleke van den Braber, Nina Geerdink, and Laurens Ham. "Naar een diachrone blik op de verdiensten van Nederlandstalige auteurs." Nederlandse Letterkunde 25, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedlet2020.1.002.slei.
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Abstract This article argues that it is both important and viable to develop a diachronic perspective on the profits of literary authors in the Low Countries. Up to now, conceptual and theoretical boundaries between different subdisciplines within Dutch literary studies have resulted in a compartmentalized, fragmentary narrative of the economic, social and symbolic profits of literary authors throughout the centuries. On the basis of a survey of the theoretical frameworks dominant in the subdisciplines of medieval, early modern and modern Dutch literature, we highlight the opportunities and difficulties for a diachronic perspective on financial advancement, focusing both on practice and discourse. In addition, we propose a schematic model that tries to overcome the difficulties and enables us to profit from the opportunities. This proposal allows for a sharper focus on both the practice of and discourse on literary authors’ economic gain from a diachronic perspective.
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Armand, Elena. "Verbs with preverbs in Classical Persian." Rodnoy Yazyk. Linguistic journal, no. 1 (June 2021): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2313-5816-2021-1-87-102.
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The article provides a diachronic analysis of classical Persian verbs with preverbs, based on 9th-15th century C.E. texts. The classification of preverbs is carried out on the basis of their syntactic and semantic properties.
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Gavranović, Valentina, and Marijana Prodanović. "The diachronic perspective on the morphology of compound adjectives." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 51, no. 3 (2021): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp51-30197.
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This paper focuses on a diachronic study of compound adjectives found in the Old and Middle English texts of the Helsinki Corpus. The compound adjectives of both periods are analysed, and further classified into types on the basis of the word class their constituent elements belong to. The aim of the research is to follow the development courses of compound adjective types in the two language periods and to investigate what happened to them in Modern English. The comparison of the types results in the description of the character of these changes, illuminating which Old English types survived into the subsequent periods, which were lost from the language, and what were the new ones introduced in the Middle English period.
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Håkansson, David, Erik Magnusson Petzell, and Elisabet Engdahl. "Introduction: New perspectives on diachronic syntax in North Germanic." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 42, no. 02 (September 30, 2019): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586519000131.
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This special issue of Nordic Journal of Linguistics is dedicated to diachronic generative syntax in the North Germanic languages. With the introduction of generative grammar in the late 1950s the historical perspective became less prominent within linguistics. Instead, contemporary language, normally represented by the researcher’s own intuitions, became the unmarked empirical basis within the generative field, although there were some early pioneering studies in generative historical syntax (e.g. Traugott 1972). It was not until the introduction of the Principles and Parameters theory in the 1990s that diachronic syntax emerged as an important domain of inquiry for generative linguists. Since then, the study of syntactic change has added a temporal dimension to the overall enterprise to better understand the nature of variation in human language.
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Gantsovskaya, N. S. "SUBDIALECT ANTHROPONYMICON OF KOSTROMA VOLGA REGION (ON THE BASIS OF THE SKETCHES OF V.YA. SHISHKOV)." Onomastics of the Volga Region, no. 1 (2020): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2020-1.onomast.271-281.
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The article analyzes the calendar names in dialects along the lower course of the Kostroma river based on the essays “Volga Region” of V.Ya. Shishkov. Based on the opinion of the narrator, their synchronous-diachronic status is determined against the background of other nominative and communicative speech means. The conclusion is made about the richness and diversity of the anthroponymic of the described ethnodialectic zone and its ability to be an areal marker.
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KHACHATRYAN, LALIK. "MORPHOLOGICALLY BIVALENT AND TRIVALENT WORDS IN OLD ARMENIAN (SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC CONCEPT)." Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 7, no. 1 (April 19, 2015): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v7i1.129.
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Morphologically bivalent and trivalent words in Old Armenian are studied in two aspects: synchronic and diachronic. Synchronic concept distinguishes the layers of morphologically polyvalent words formed in the period of preliterary language development and as a legacy passed to Old Armenian. These words express polyvalence of parts of speech in primary form, without formative morphemes and statically exist in the word-stock of Old Armenian. Taking as a basis the Bible word-stock, the written manuscripts of classical Armenian and following their further semantic changes in the case of diachronic approach we distinguish another layer of polyvalent words that chronologically developed in Old Armenian (V-XII centuries).
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Hilpert, Martin. "Change in modal meanings." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.1.05hil.
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This paper discusses how modal auxiliaries fit into a constructional view of language and how this view allows us to think in new ways about diachronic meaning change in modal auxiliaries. These issues will be illustrated on the basis of a diachronic corpus-based study of the modal auxiliary may, specifically focusing on changes in its collocational preferences during the past 200 years. The main point of this paper is the claim that a constructional view needs to take account of the mutual associations between modal auxiliaries and the lexical elements with which they occur. Changes in these mutual associations are usefully understood as change in a complex network of constructions.
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Dmitryuk, Natalya V., Rimma A. Arynbayeva, and Zhanna K. Makhanova. "Slavic-Turkic Comparisons in the Diachronic Aspect." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2023-20-1-110-123.
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The article is devoted to a comparative study of the concept man in the linguistic consciousness of the Eastern Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians) and representatives of the Turkic culture (Kazakhs, Kyrgyz) in a diachronic aspect. The globalization processes of the beginning of the 21st century mark the era of “civilizational breakdown” which is characterized by a change in the usual foundations of life and by obvious transformations of society. Thus, it seems relevant and prognostically valuable to reveal the content of the conceptosphere man in the linguistic consciousness of the ethnic groups under consideration in different periods of their life. The aim of the study is to determine the vector of displacement (or stability) of the axiological component in the choice of assessments and worldview ideas about a man among the informants of different generations. As research material, there were used associative dictionaries compiled on the basis of associative experiments conducted in different periods (Soviet and modern). The associative lexicographic material is recognized as one of the most reliable ways to access a person’s linguistic consciousness, the latter being understood by us as knowledge about the world “externalized” by linguistic signs, and its projections in the mental apparatus of a person, i.e., images of consciousness. This associative method of language consciousness research makes it possible to explain the facts of functioning and transformation of consciousness revealed in psycholinguistic experiments through the connection of these facts with ethnocultural peculiarities of ideas about the world of people as members of certain ethnosocial groups, with their general / universal (basic), and ethnospecific (local) cultural values. The comparative analysis undertaken in the research showed that the process of global civilizational shifts brings afore the interest and desire of the ethnocultural community to search for traditional ethnocultural values that (along with basic universal human values) can unite and strengthen the vitality of the ethnos. The work is being carried out with the prospect of further studies of the linguistic consciousness of ethnic groups, of determining the elements of (in)stability, and identifying conflict zones in the linguistic and conceptual picture of the world of Slavic and Turkic ethnic groups.
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Bessett, Ryan M., and Sonia Colina. "Spanish ‘depalatalization’: the synchronic, diachronic and perception perspectives." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 6, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.6.1.3851.
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Spanish has a restriction on palatal nasals and laterals in the coda causing them to be realized as dental/alveolar coronals. In the onset position, the palatal point of articulation is retained, bello ‘beautiful-masc.’, beldad ‘beauty’; doña ‘Madam’, don ‘Mister’. Alternations such as these led phonologists to propose a rule of depalatalization that turns an underlying palatal nasal/lateral into a coronal (Contreras 1977; Harris 1983). Pensado (1997) and Harris (1999) later tried to debunk this rule, the former on psycholinguistic grounds, and the latter on the basis of the word structure of Spanish (palatals are always followed by –e). More recently, within an optimality-theoretic framework and through loan word evidence, Lloret and Mascaró (2006) argue again in favor of an active process of depalatalization in Modern Spanish. Taking Lloret and Mascaró as its point of departure, this paper expands the discussion on depalatalization to consider diachronic data and the role of the underlying representation and the perception grammar. Historical data supports depalatalization as an active phenomenon in Old and Medieval Spanish; yet the morphophonological alternations cannot be considered active/productive synchronically. Unlike previous serial models of phonology, an OT framework allows for the incorporation of diachronic data into the analysis, thus explaining how the current situation came about and shedding light on synchronic alternations. OT also provides a formalization of the role of the underlying representation in the diachronic change and in synchronic loanword evidence, thus providing support for depalatalization as an active phonotactic restriction.
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Hellwig, Oliver. "Dating Sanskrit texts using linguistic features and neural networks." Indogermanische Forschungen 124, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2019-0001.
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Abstract Deriving historical dates or datable stratifications for texts in Classical Sanskrit, such as the epics Mahābhārata and Rāmāyaṇa, is a considerable challenge for text-historical research. This paper provides empirical evidence for subtle but noticeable diachronic changes in the fundamental linguistic structures of Classical Sanskrit, and argues that Classical Sanskrit shows enough diachronic variation for dating texts on the basis of linguistic developments. Building on this evidence, it evaluates machine learning algorithms that predict approximate dates of composition for Sanskrit texts. The paper introduces the required background, discusses the relevance of linguistic features for temporal classification, and presents a text-historical evaluation of Book 6 of the Mahābhārata, whose historical stratification is disputed in Indological research.
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Linseele, Veerle, and Andrea Zerboni. "Done with fish? A diachronic study of fishing in the Holocene Nile basin of Sudan." Quaternary International 471 (March 2018): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.04.024.
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Chappell, Hilary, and Shanshan Lü. "A semantic typology of location, existence, possession and copular verbs: areal patterns of polysemy in Mainland East and Southeast Asia." Linguistics 60, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2021-0219.
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Abstract This study is based on a sample of 116 languages from the Mainland East and Southeast Asian linguistic area. Its first objective is to examine four distinct synchronic patterns of areal polysemy, created by the semantic domains of copular, locative, existential and possessive verbs and the constructions they form. As a consequence, its second objective is to model the diachronic change underlying four language types identified on this basis from the data. We argue that there are three grammaticalization pathways which motivate the four synchronic patterns: Type III languages are distinguished by the grammaticalization chain: (Postural verb) > (Dwell) > Locative > Existential > Possessive, while the other two types, Type II and Type IV, show an opposing pathway: (Grasp) > Possessive > Existential. Type I and Type II languages additionally reveal a recurrent polysemy between Locative and Copular verbs. On this basis, an implicational universal is adduced to the effect that no diachronic adjacency exists between locative and possessive constructions. Crucially, the intervening stage of an existential construction provides the necessary bridging context for possessive reanalysis in this first pathway, while possessive verbs are formally distinct from locatives in the second, bearing no diachronic relationship to them. The findings on the patterns of polysemy sharing reinforce the notion of a clear typological split between Tibeto-Burman languages on the one hand, and Sinitic, Kra–Dai, Hmong–Mien, and Austroasiatic on the other.
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Hommel, Peter N., Peter M. Day, Peter Jordan, Noémi S. Müller, and Viktor M. Vetrov. "Changing Clays: Raw Material Preferences in the ‘Neolithic’ Ceramic Assemblages of the Upper Vitim Basin." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 83 (October 10, 2017): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2017.12.
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This paper provides a contextual summary of a diachronic analysis of ceramic vessels and hunter-gatherer societies from the final Pleistocene to the later Holocene in a remote corner of the Vitim Basin in Eastern Siberia. An integrated programme of ceramic analysis, raw materials survey, and archaeological investigation is drawn into new models of group mobility and social behaviour. The results challenge widespread assumptions about the relationship between ceramics, sedentarisation, and social complexity. Evidence of these transformations, though potentially identifiable in the archaeological record, could not be associated with the adoption of pottery.
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Grigorieva, Olga, and Ni Jingsheng. "Gastronomic Italianisms in Modern Russian Language (Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects)." Philology & Human, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2022)1-09.
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The article examines the gastronomic vocabulary of Italian origin in the modern Russian language, clears out the linguistic, social and psychological factors that determined its introduction in different historical periods. Three lexical-semantic groups are distinguished basing on definition dictionaries and cookery-books: the names of food-stuffs, drinks and dishes, the etymology of the lexical units included in them is considered, the history of their origin is given, and a cultural commentary is provided in order to clarify the meaning of these words. Gastronomic Italianisms derived from proper names are of great interest. Special attention is paid to the words pasta and pizza. As the study shows, gastronomic Italianisms are actively used in the language of Russian fiction and modern advertising. The study of the functions performed by these words in texts of different stylistic slant allows us to better understand the mechanism of adaptation of such words in the modern Russian language.
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Fan, Haiqin, and Xiang Li. "Research on the Evolution of the Governance Logic of Ethnic-Minority Villages from the Perspective of Tourism Development—A Case Study of Longjing Village, Guizhou Province." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 3187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043187.
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The governance of ethnic communities is an important part of the national governance system. The development of tourism has changed the social basis of traditional ethnic-minority villages and has consequently effected a change in village community governance logic. Using Longjing Village as an example, this paper analyzes its governance logic from the perspective of diachronic and synchronic dimensions through non-participatory observation and in-depth interviews. The results show evolution processes from diachronic development, which involves the change of the governance subject, the material environment, and the minority culture; and synchronic development, which involves the process of government leading, market embedding, conscious resident participation, active tourist integration, etc. The study found that tourism development promoted reconstruction of the order of ethnic villages, generated local capital through minority culture, and provided an industrial basis for the governance of ethnic-minority villages. An effective way to realize the governance of ethnic-minority villages is by the means of distributing benefit reasonably between stakeholders, rationally constructing village public space, and shaping villages’ collective memory and cultural identity in tourist destinations.
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Bradley, Erica J., Geoffrey M. Smith, and Kenneth E. Nussear. "Ecological niche modeling and diachronic change in Paleoindian land use in the northwestern Great Basin, USA." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 45 (October 2022): 103564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103564.
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Bizeul, Yves. "Entre la synchronie et la diachronie, les Weltbilder chez quelques théoriciens allemands de la sociologie." Social Compass 35, no. 1 (February 1988): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003776868803500109.
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The Author presents the thought of three German theoreti cians - J. Habermas, R. Döbert et G. Dux - of critical sociology (Frankfort School) who all envisage the rapport society - religion in a diachronic manner by basing themselves on the same key con cept of Weltbild: the image an assemblage of individuals or socie ties form of the world during a period varying in amplitude.
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la Roi, Ezra. "Insubordination in Archaic and Classical Latin: commands, requests, wishes and assertives." Journal of Latin Linguistics 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2022-2008.
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Abstract This paper analyzes subordinate clauses which have gained both syntactic and discursive independence through insubordination, the diachronic conventionalization of main clause usage. First, I introduce the notion of insubordination and discuss its application to a corpus language such as Latin from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. Second, cases of insubordination from Archaic and Classical Latin are critically evaluated on the basis of evidence from different grammars and corpus research, yielding insubordinate directives (commands and requests with ut(ei) + subjunctive), insubordinate wishes (with ut, utinam and si + subjunctive) and assertives (with quasi + subjunctive). Special attention is paid to the pragmatic and syntactic characteristics of these insubordinate constructions such as (i) syntactic versus pragmatic independence from the linguistic common ground, (ii) main clause syntactic complexity, and (iii) the role of discourse particles of adversativity (at, sed) and positive polarity (quidem).
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de Carvalho, Fernando O. "Numerals in Lokono-Wayuunaiki: Reconstruction and implications for internal classification." Folia Linguistica 51, s38 (November 27, 2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2017-0001.
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AbstractThe goal of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the diachronic development of the Lokono-Wayuunaiki subgroup of the Arawak language family by focusing on a structured set of lexemes of recurrent interest for historical linguists. In this paper, I reconstruct the cardinal numerals from ‘one’ to ‘four’ in Proto-Lokono-Wayuunaiki (PLW). For each reconstructed etymon, I will discuss how regular sound change and attested morphological patterns support the reconstructed forms and the implied diachronic developments in the two daughter languages, Lokono and Wayuunaiki. On the basis of these reconstructions, I argue that the form for ‘three’ and the construction involved in the derivation of the form for ‘four’ constitute innovations shared only by Lokono and Wayuunaiki among Arawak languages, thus supporting the recognition of Lokono-Wayuunaiki as a legitimate subgroup of the Arawak family.
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Zeman, Sonja. "The emergence of viewpoints in multiple perspective constructions." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 29, no. 2 (March 14, 2019): 226–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.18051.zem.
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Abstract This paper tackles the question of how multiple viewpoints emerge through the interplay of different viewpoint parameters within the (i) dynamics of discourse and (ii) their diachronic development. In particular, it will focus on ‘Future of Fate’ (FoF) (e.g. He was never to return.), i.e. future-in-the-past meanings with potentially distinct values both on the semantic dimension of temporality and the dimension of knowledge attribution. These viewpoint meanings are ‘irregular’ in the sense that they cannot be predicted solely on the basis of the grammatical context of past modal obligation. Based on empirical analyses of German sollte + inf. and the méllō construction in Homeric Greek, it is shown that the – diachronic as well as synchronic – emergence of viewpoints is the result of the interplay between the deictic structure of grammatical elements and the perspectival structure of discourse context.
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Soloshchuk, Lyudmyla, and Yuliia Skrynnik. "Social Roles as a Construct of Ecological Interaction: Diachronic Aspects." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1208.03.
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Ecolinguistics contributes to the understanding of how language serves to shape, nurture, influence, or destroy human relationships. Language is a part of the living world that allows directing the human activity. The focus of this study lies in researching of a human speech behavior, which displays the connection between the past, present and future of the humanity, and demonstrates the relationship between language, essence of life and human consciousness. The results of such interpretation find their presentation in the system of ideas concerning the world and, as a result, shape the principles of human interaction, which present a unique social and historical experience. The research material consists of dialogic fragments from fiction and film scripts of the XX and XXI centuries, which illustrate the changes in verbal and non-verbal behaviour of a discursive personality while implementing different social roles in the process of communication. The analysis of the differences in the speech repertoire of a discursive personality when performing various social roles is based on the principles of ecolinguistics, discourse theory and linguopragmatics. The methodological basis allowed to compare the rules of human interaction in the XX and XXI centuries and to project the direction of these changes in the human view of the world in future.
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Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, Pablo, Ángel Guerra Campo, Ángel Muñoz-Nieto, Luis Sánchez-Aparicio, and Diego González-Aguilera. "Diachronic Reconstruction and Visualization of Lost Cultural Heritage Sites." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8020061.
Full textAbstract:
Cultural heritage (CH) documentation is essential for the study and promotion of CH assets/sites, and provides a way of transmitting knowledge about heritage to future generations. The integration of the fourth dimension into geospatial datasets enables generating a diachronic model of CH elements, namely, a set of three-dimensional (3D) models to represent their evolution in various historical phases. The enhanced four-dimensional (4D) modeling (3D plus time) pursues a better understanding of the CH scenario, enriching historical hypotheses as well as contributing to the conservation and decision-making process. Although new geomatic techniques have reduced the amount of fieldwork, when put together, the geometric and temporal dimensions imply the interpretation of heterogeneous historical information sources and their integration. However, this situation could reach a critical point when the study elements are no longer present. The main challenge is to harmonize the different historical and archaeological data sources that are available with the current remains in order to graphically rebuild and model the lost CH assets with a high degree of reliability. Moreover, 4D web visualization is a great way to disclose the CH information and cultural identity. Additionally, it will serve as a basis to perform simulations of possible future risks or changes that can happen during planned or hypothetical restoration processes. This paper aims to examine the study case of a diachronic reconstruction by means of a mobile laser system (MLS) and reverse modeling techniques for a lost urban CH element: the citadel or Alcázar gate of Ávila. Within this aim, the final model is evaluated in terms of the consistency of the historical sources to assess its suitability considering the constructive interpretations that are required to integrate heterogenous data sources. Moreover, geometric modeling is evaluated regarding the current remains and its surroundings. Finally, a web 4D viewer is presented for its dissemination and publicity. This paper is an extended and improved version of our paper that was published in the 2018 ISPRS Technical Commission II Symposium, Riva del Garda, Italy, 3–7 June 2018.
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Pickl, Simon. "Sprachwandel im Schriftlichen?" Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschichte 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbgsg-2021-0009.
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Zusammenfassung Die Entstehung der sogenannten ‚uneigentlichen‘ bzw. verfugten Komposita im Frühneuhochdeutschen aus pränominalen Genitivkonstruktionen wird gemeinhin als natürliche Entwicklung verstanden, die sich prinzipiell mithilfe üblicher Wandelmechanismen wie Reanalyse oder Grammatikalisierung aus dem mündlichen Sprachgebrauch erklären lässt. Dabei ergeben sich jedoch bestimmte Probleme, die die phonologischen Voraussetzungen für einen solchen Prozess sowie seine Chronologie betreffen. In diesem Beitrag wird durch eine quantitative Korpusanalyse die Diachronie der verfugten Komposita, ihrer mutmaßlichen Ursprungskonstruktion, der pränominalen Genitive, sowie zwischen diesen Strukturen vermittelnder Brückenkonstruktionen untersucht. Dafür dient das diachrone Predigten-Korpus SermonC, das Texte aus dem Zeitraum vom frühen 9. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert umfasst und eine ausgeglichene Basis für die Untersuchung von Sprachwandel mit Langzeitperspektive bietet. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die verfugten Komposita zu einer Zeit grammatikalisiert wurden, als der pränominale Genitiv längst aus der gesprochenen Sprache verschwunden war und somit die Voraussetzung für natürlichen Sprachwandel auf dieser Grundlage nicht mehr gegeben war. Stattdessen scheint es so, dass diese Grammatikalisierung auf der Basis der rein schriftlichen Genitivkompetenz und somit im geschriebenen Deutsch erfolgte. Daher wird in diesem Beitrag argumentiert, dass sich der Prozess der Entstehung der verfugten Komposita im Schriftlichen abspielte, d. h. in einer geschriebenen Varietät des historischen Deutsch, und erst in der Folge auf die Mündlichkeit zurückwirkte. Erst sekundär fand die neue Struktur, die gewissermaßen eine Kontamination aus pränominalem Genitiv und dem klassischen, unverfugten Kompositum darstellt, Eingang in die gesprochene Sprache. Dieser Hergang ist nicht nur aufgrund der Datenlage plausibel und wahrscheinlich, sondern vor dem Hintergrund des Verlusts des adnominalen Genitivs in den Mundarten zwingend und stellt eine Lösung für die genannten Probleme im phonologischen und historischen Bereich dar.
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Dzhaman, Vasyl, and Yaroslav Dzhaman. "POLYETHNIC CHERNIVTSI: A MULTICULTURAL CITY AS A BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNIC TOURISM." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 67 (2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2022.67.10-17.
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Goals: disclosure of the effect of population's ethnic structure upon formation of poly-cultural space of the city that represents the basis for the development of ethnic tourism; analysis of potentialities for development of ethnic tourism in poly-ethnic City of Chernivtsi. Methods: processing of statistical and analytical materials using such methods of geographical research as systems-structural and diachronic, descriptive, comparative-geographical and statistical analyses. Study results. Chernivtsi is a vivid example of poly-ethnic urban space, the fact which is confirmed by the diachronic analysis of the index of ethnic variety (1880 – 0,941, 1930 – 0,964, 1970 – 0,705). Ukrainians, Jews, Germans, Poles, Rumanians, Moldavians, Armenians, Czechs, Hungarians, Russians, etc were among the largest ethnic groups of the city; the citizens were an ethnically mixed and foreign ethnicity population. Ethnic communities of Chernivtsi have created their own material, cultural and spiritual heritage that formed the basis for ethnic-cultural potential and development of ethnographic excursion routes. Ethnic tourism as one of the most popular and perspective types of cultural-cognitive tourism and an important direction for strengthening tourism image involves foreign tourists and allows for integration and representation of Chernivtsi in the European and world tourism markets. Scientific novelty of this research is that tourism objects of Chernivtsi were grouped and systemized according to their ethnic belonging and the point-based scale of said objects' attractiveness was introduced. To improve the ethnic tourism activity in Chernivtsi, we have considered not only its strengths (10 positions) and capacities (11 positions) but also the weak sides (10 positions) and threats (8 positions), all these being presented in the SWOT-analysis of the development of ethnic tourism in Chernivtsi. Practical significance: the study results will be sent to Coordination Council for Tourism Development at the Chernivtsi Region State Administration to help develop plans of tourism activity and introduce new ethnographic excursion routes; national-cultural associations (Chernivtsi Regional Adam Mickiewicz Association of Polish Culture, "Arevik", Chernivtsi Region Armenian National-Cultural Association) for their educational activity and organization of ethnographic excursions in poly-cultural Chernivtsi.
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Sokolova, Elena G. "SEMANTICS OF THE POLYSEMOUS VERB UGODIT'–UGOZHDAT' IN A DIACHRONIC PERSPECTIVE." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 2 (2021): 163–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2021-2-163-196.
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The article explores the semantics of the Russian verb ugodit’– ugozhdat’ in the diachronic aspect based on the description in the Small academic dictionary (MAS) and examples from the Russian National Corpus (RNC). The study continues an earlier study of three meanings of this verb and examines the fourth meaning, marked in the dictionary as “vernacular”, the interpretation of which is both adequate to the outdated meaning and the modern meaning belonging to the literary language. This new meaning is formulated in the study. The obsolete meaning is considered against the background of all the meanings of this verb, which stand out on the basis of examples from the RNC until the end of the 19th century and the “dictionary article” of the “historic verb” is collected. The features of the semantics of the historic verb, which distinguish it from the modern one, are noted.