Journal articles: 'Diabetics Health and hygiene Saudi Arabia'

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Jar, Alabbas, Abdulrahman Ibrahim, Ali Alshehri, Norah Alrumyyan, Etemad AlSaif, Khozam Alshahrani, Bader Basakran, et al. "Awareness of Oral Health in Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 11 (2022): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.21105.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) consists of a clinically heterogenous array of metabolic conditions hallmarked by hyperglycemia caused by defective insulin secretion, action, or both. DM can cause various oral complications such as salivary gland dysfunction, infections including candidiasis, delayed wound healing, increased caries susceptibility, gingival and periodontal diseases, lichen planus and burning mouth disorders. Inadequate oral public health awareness of the connection between diabetes and oro-dental health issues has been noted in many studies from across the globe. Based on the current literature, it is evident that oral health is not prioritized by the majority of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi diabetic patients with lesser education demonstrate lower awareness levels about oral health issues in general. Similarly, more older patients have been seen to possess less oral health awareness relative to their younger counterparts. Further, they have been found to be less compliant towards meeting dental appointment targets and adopting recommended oral hygiene practices as compared to other populations studied in the Western nations. Also, non-professional advice has been noted as the dominant outlet of dental health information in case of most Saudi patients with diabetes. It is vital to reinforce the need for routinely visits to dentists for education on oral health when patients visit their diabetic clinic. Organization of structured patient education programs targeting all age groups and different types of diabetes is necessary to improve oral health awareness. It is also vital that individuals are provided with the latest recommendations on methods to practice oral health related self-care techniques in order to minimize the risk of periodontal destruction and tooth loss, thereby reducing the burden of dental illnesses on the Saudi health infrastructure.

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Al-Ayed, Mousab Yousef, Mutasem Ababneh, Asirvatham Alwin Robert, Ahmed Salman, Abdulghani Al Saeed, and Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish. "Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Saudi Arabia." Current Diabetes Reviews 15, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399814666180816165848.

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<P>Background and Aims: Considering that diabetic foot ulceration is one of the major health issues globally, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 81 T2DM patients (age range: 40-80 years) registered at the Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between April and September 2015 were included in this cross-sectional study after purposive selection and assigning of patient numbers. The selected participants were interviewed and examined, and their medical records were reviewed for sensory, vibratory, and painful neuropathies; vascular insufficiency; retinopathy; and dermatological variations. The Wagner’s classification system was employed to evaluate the stage of patients’ foot ulcers. Results: Among the study participants [mean age range: 56.4 ± 6.72 years; 53 males (65.4%)], cases of loss of protective sensation, foot deformity, amputation history, and dermatological abnormalities were notable. The Wagner gradation value of ulcers were grade 0 for 16% study population, grade 1 for 35.8%, grade 2 for 45.7%, grade 3 for 2.5%, and grades 4 and 5 for 0%. Approximately 19% of the patients had a previous case of amputation and 29.6% had nail disease. The most common footwear reported to be used by the patients was sandals shoes (46%). Conclusion: The issues of loss of protective sensation, vascular insufficiency, deformity, previous amputations, and dermatological abnormalities of the lower limbs were found to be most common among the foot ulceration patients. The study findings thus recommend regular foot examination, following basic hygiene habits, encouragement of the use of appropriate footwear, patient education about foot ulcers, and prompt treatment for minor injuries to prevent further ulceration in DM patients.</P>

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Alonaizan, Faisal A., Khalid Almas, Muhammad Ashraf Nazir, Dalal Almazrou, Manar Alzamil, and Mohammed A. AlOlyani. "Medical Conditions, Oral Health Practices, and Barriers to Treatment among Patients Visiting a Teaching Dental Hospital in Eastern Saudi Arabia." Scientific World Journal 2022 (February 4, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4495757.

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Objective. To assess the prevalence of medical conditions, oral hygiene practices, and dental visits among patients who attended a teaching dental hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Materials & Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study used patient records from 2009 to 2015 from the dental hospital of the College of Dentistry Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam. Patients’ demographics, medical history, oral hygiene practices, reasons for attending the facility, attendance patterns, and smoking habits were studied. Results. The study included 1502 records of patients with 65.1% of males and 34.9% of females. The prevalence of medical conditions was 25.7% in the study. The most common medical conditions included diabetes mellitus (7.2%), hypertension (6.5%), and anemia (4.7%). Only 21.8% reported visiting the dental hospital in the past one year. The prevalence of smoking was 16.7%, and this did not differ significantly between healthy and medically compromised patients ( P = 0.165 ). Fillings were the most common (21.6%) reason for visiting a dental hospital, followed by treatment for periodontal problems (12.9%) and oral lesions (12.6%), whereas treatment for braces (orthodontics) was the least common (5%) reason for visiting the hospital. The reasons for visiting the hospital did not differ significantly between healthy and medically compromised patients ( P > 0.05 ). The three most common barriers to dental visits included long waiting time (18.1%), fear of dental treatment (14.4%), and difficulty in getting an appointment (11.3%). Conclusion. The study showed that dental patients had a high prevalence of medical conditions. Diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent problem. Most patients visited the dental hospital to receive restorative treatment, and a long waiting time was the most common barrier to dental visits. Public health measures should be taken to improve the general health and oral care of patients.

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Bokhari, S. A. H., F. N. El Walid, S. Sanikommuo, A. J. Alnaim, A. A. Almulhim, G. Bu Khames, Z. Hababi, A. Hashim, and A. R. Al Otaibi. "An Assessment of Impact of Higher Education on Oral Health Knowledge, Practices and Lifestyle habits." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 3277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123277.

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Aim: To assess impact of higher education on oral health related knowledge, practices, and lifestyle habits among faculty of King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this descriptive study, a self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic, oral health awareness, practices, and oral health status questions was distributed among faculty. Descriptive statistics, linear correlation, ANOVA, Independent t-test and logistic regression analysis were used using SPSS. A two-sided significance level of ≤ 5% was implied. Results: Fifty eight percent were males and 91% married. Mean age was 42.8±8.07 years. 66.5% had PhD, 42% were assistant professors. 22% had hypertension, 13.5% diabetes mellitus and elevated cholesterol (23%) and 10% were current smokers. 21% consumed soft drinks, 67% dairy products and 71% fruits daily. Most of the faculty (≥81%) showed a robust oral health related knowledge and 75% practiced oral hygiene measures and 65.5% visited dentist regularly. Almost half (49%) reported dental caries, 66% fillings, 31% gum bleeding, 55% missing teeth, and 24% had artificial teeth. There was a statistically significant difference between females and males regarding lifestyle habits and oral hygiene practices with a mean difference of (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant difference (p<0.001) with respect to gender, income. Conclusion: In this study, majority of the University faculty had an acceptable oral health related knowledge, and demonstrated good oral hygiene practices with a significant impact of gender on oral hygiene practice and life style. Key words: higher education, oral health knowledge, practices, lifestyle, university faculty.

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Amal Abushal, Malak Alqudsi, Nujood Alahmadi, Mohammed Almalsi, Haifa Alharbi, Eman Anaim, Manal Murad, and Huda Abousada. "Dental Implants: Prevalence, Association with Periodontal Diseases and Awareness of Oral Hygiene among Dental Implant Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i12/1015.

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Periodontal disease is a broad spectrum that involves different entities and severity levels of the disease. Dental implants, just like normal teeth, can be affected by periodontal disease. This descriptive questionnaire-based study provides a brief shot on the most prevalent periodontal diseases associated with dental implants, associated risk factors, and levels of understanding and awareness about oral hygiene in the Saudi population. Results concluded that 10.5% of population have dental implants. 28.5% the sample confirmed that they have some sort of periodontal disease. Most prevalent symptoms among patients with dental implants are in order: periodontal pockets, redness and blood spitting after tooth brushing, and finally gingival recession. Most associated co-morbidities are cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Regarding oral hygiene, through assessing two oral health concepts: twice daily tooth brushing, and balanced diet, it is found that more than half of the sample (51.3%) apply these two concepts in their life, while the rest of the sample misses one or both of these two concepts. Focus should be directed toward raising the public awareness about periodontal disease and its symptoms, especially in cases of dental implants, and raising understanding and awareness about different oral health concepts.

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Almottowa, Hisham, Abbas Aldurayhim, Amer Alsaeri, Marooh Mnayan, Faisal Alghamdi, Theyab Alghamdi, Ohud Althagafi, Omar Alfaqih, Majid Al Sannaa, and Maram Hassan. "Rates of Amputations Among Diabetics in Saudi Arabia." JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE SCIENCES 02, no. 04 (2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.2401.

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According to the World Health Organization Saudi Arabia has the second highest diabetes rate in the Middle East and ranks seventh globally. Around 7 million people are diabetic, and almost 3 million have pre-diabetes, according to estimates. Perhaps even more concerning is the recent increase in diabetes cases reported in Saudi Arabia. In fact, diabetes has risen by ten times in Saudi Arabia during the last three centuries. Diabetic foot ulcer is the leading source of morbidity and prolonged hospitalization, with approximately twice the likelihood of amputations compared to ulcers that are not infected. Diabetic foot ulcer affects 6.3% of the world's population, with men being more prone to developing them. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about rates of amputation among diabetics in Saudi Arabia. Even though diabetes is a significant public health concern in the Middle East and North Africa area, with high incidence of diabetic foot problems, data on prevalence and mortality among this high-risk group is scarce. As the prevalence of the diabetes is increasing in Saudi Arabia so are the diabetes related complications and diabetic foot complications are becoming more common as well. To analyse the existing condition and audit the ongoing prevention programs, large community-based surveys must be conducted. Efforts must be made to minimize the risk of amputation as well as fatalities among diabetic foot problems patients

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Almottowa, Hisham, Abbas Aldurayhim, Amer Alsaeri, Marooh Mnayan, Faisal Alghamdi, Theyab Alghamdi, Ohud Althagafi, Omar Alfaqih, Majid Al Sannaa, and Maram Hassan. "Rates of Amputations Among Diabetics in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 04 (2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.2402.

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According to the World Health Organization Saudi Arabia has the second highest diabetes rate in the Middle East and ranks seventh globally. Around 7 million people are diabetic, and almost 3 million have pre-diabetes, according to estimates. Perhaps even more concerning is the recent increase in diabetes cases reported in Saudi Arabia. In fact, diabetes has risen by ten times in Saudi Arabia during the last three centuries. Diabetic foot ulcer is the leading source of morbidity and prolonged hospitalization, with approximately twice the likelihood of amputations compared to ulcers that are not infected. Diabetic foot ulcer affects 6.3% of the world's population, with men being more prone to developing them. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about rates of amputation among diabetics in Saudi Arabia. Even though diabetes is a significant public health concern in the Middle East and North Africa area, with high incidence of diabetic foot problems, data on prevalence and mortality among this high-risk group is scarce. As the prevalence of the diabetes is increasing in Saudi Arabia so are the diabetes related complications and diabetic foot complications are becoming more common as well. To analyse the existing condition and audit the ongoing prevention programs, large community-based surveys must be conducted. Efforts must be made to minimize the risk of amputation as well as fatalities among diabetic foot problems patients.

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Almas, Khalid, Suleman Al-Lazzam, and Abdulla Al-Quadairi. "The Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions On Diabetic Type 2 Male Patients With Periodontal Diseases." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 4, no. 3 (2003): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-4-3-40.

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Abstract Periodontal disease and diabetes are two common chronic diseases affecting humans. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral hygiene instructions on periodontal disease among type 2 male diabetic Saudi subjects. Sixty subjects completed the study and were divided into three groups of 20: healthy (non-diabetic) with periodontal disease, type 2 diabetic with early or moderate periodontal disease, and type 2 diabetic with advanced periodontitis. The age ranged from 24-64 (42 ± 13.60) years. The subjects were examined at King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Oral hygiene practices and smoking habits were recorded. Oral hygiene instructions given to patients were to use an Oral B medium toothbrush and brush three times daily for 7 days using the by Bass technique for 2 minutes. Fasting blood glucose level (FBGL), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), and plaque index (Pll) were used to assess patients’ profiles at baseline and at recall visit after 7 days. The results showed there was a significant overall decrease in FBGL, baseline 172.67 mg/dl (±64.69) to recall visit 162.20 (±58.78) P = 0.000, and GCF volume decreased from .4041 µl (±.1260) to .3698 µl (±.1164) P = 0.000. There was a significant reduction in subjects’ CPITN mean scores (from 13.98 (±8.24) to 13.32 (±8.97) P = 0.000), but there was no significant difference in Group 3 with advanced periodontitis, i.e., 22.25 (±1.37) to 22.30 (±1.38). There was more than a 47% reduction in the overall percentage of plaque scores. The decrease ranged from 82.27 (±19.34) to 34.45 (±17.04) at baseline and recall visit respectively. It is concluded oral hygiene instructions (a standardized regimen) has an effect on FBGL, GCF, CPITN, and PlI. It is also concluded CPITN is not very sensitive to assess change in periodontal status over a 7 days period. Further studies are needed among diabetic and healthy subjects with a larger sample size and over a longer period of time. Citation Almas K, Al-Lazzam S, Al-Quadairi A. The Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions On Diabetic Type 2 Male Patients With Periodontal Diseases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 August;(4)3:040-051.

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Mohaithef, Mohammed AL. "Assessing Hand Hygiene Practices Among Nurses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (May 23, 2020): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010220.

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Background: Hand hygiene is a simple and effective practice that reduces the transmission of hospital acquired infections. However, adherence to hand hygiene guidelines among health care professionals is low. The aim of this study is to assess hand hygiene practices among nurses working in hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The standardized version of the World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire was administered to nurses from six hospitals in the region of Asir. Results: 300 nurses were approached to enroll 243 participants so the response rate was 81%. The study found that 65.4% (159) of the participants followed a good hand hygiene practice while 10.3% (25) showed inadequate hand hygiene practice. Good hand hygiene practice was found to be significantly higher among female participants (88%) than the male participants (44%). The participants from the department of internal medicine (43.5%) showed the highest percentage of inadequate hand hygiene practice while participants from the department of pediatrics reported a 100% good hand hygiene practice. Conclusion: The male nurses and nurses working in the department of internal medicine require in-service educational intervention regarding hand hygiene to increase their compliance with its practice . Posters and other visual aids highlighting the significance of hand hygiene need to be displayed in all the departments to sensitize the importance of hand hygiene among nurses.

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Bin Eid, Wasmiah, An An Lieu, Michelle Jin Yee Neoh, Suhail Mahmoud Al-Zoubi, Gianluca Esposito, and Dagmara Dimitriou. "Characteristics of Sleep Patterns in Adolescents: Comparisons between Saudi Arabia and the UK." Healthcare 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081378.

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There are concerns regarding sleep deprivation among adolescents, especially with mounting evidence for the importance of sleep during puberty, and its effects on health and families. The present study aimed to characterise sleep in typical development (TD) adolescents in Saudi Arabia, and compare their sleep profiles to TD adolescents in the UK, to evaluate sleep patterns in adolescents in Saudi Arabia, and to examine the relationship between sleep patterns and the use of social media in both groups. Findings from the current study reported a shorter sleep duration for the Saudi Arabia group than in previous studies and the UK group, which may be attributed to the lack of sleep hygiene practised in Saudi Arabia. Multiple analysis of variance results found significant differences in daytime sleepiness (p < 0.001) and a preference for morningness/eveningness (p < 0.001) between Saudia Arabia and UK adolescents. Statistically significant negative correlations (p > 0.05) between the duration of social media usage and sleep duration were found in both the Saudi Arabia and UK adolescents, where a lower number of sleep hours was observed with a higher duration of social media use. This study fills a gap in the research of sleep in Saudi Arabia in adolescents, and offers important insights on the comparison in sleep habits between Saudi Arabia and UK adolescents.

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Alwin Robert, Asirvatham, and Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish. "Microvascular complications among patients with diabetes: An emerging health problem in Saudi Arabia." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 16, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164118820714.

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Diabetes mellitus, besides disrupting the carbohydrate metabolism process, also induces vascular disease and impacts nearly all the types and sizes of blood vessels. In fact, vascular complications cause majority of the morbidity, hospitalizations and mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus. Retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy (microvascular complications) impact hundreds of millions of diabetics and normally target those having long-term or uncontrolled forms of the disease; however, these disorders can also exist at the time of diagnosis or in those yet to be diagnosed. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the biggest country in the Middle East that occupies around four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula supporting a population of more than 33.3 million people. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate in Saudi Arabia. Over 25% of the adult population is suffering and that figure is projected to more than double by 2030. In fact, diabetes mellitus has approximately registered a 10-fold upsurge in the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, the prevalence and risk factors of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients have not yet been clearly documented in Saudi Arabia. Hence, in this review, we aim to provide an overview of the microvascular complications among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia, utilizing data from the currently available published literature. This is an attempt to facilitate the government and healthcare systems aware of the enormous worth of prevention, early detection and appropriate management of such microvascular complications.

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Abalkhail, Adil, Ilias Mahmud, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Thamer Alslamah, Ameen S. S. Alwashmi, Divya Vinnakota, and Russell Kabir. "Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Perception among the Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey." Healthcare 9, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121627.

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Hand hygiene is among the most important factors of infection control in healthcare settings. Healthcare workers are the primary source of hospital-acquired infection. We assessed the current state of hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practice among the healthcare workers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, we used the hand hygiene knowledge and perception questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. Knowledge and perceptions were classified into good (80–100%), moderate (60–79%), and poor (<60% score). The majority of the healthcare workers had moderate knowledge (57.8%) and perception (73.4%) of hand hygiene. Males were less likely to have moderate/good knowledge compared to females (OR: 0.52, p < 0.05). Private healthcare workers were less likely (OR: 0.33, p < 0.01) to have moderate/good perceptions compared to the government healthcare workers. Healthcare workers who received training on hand hygiene were more likely to have good/moderate perception (OR: 3.2, p < 0.05) and to routinely use alcohol-based hand rubs (OR: 3.8, p < 0.05) than the ones without such training. Physicians are more likely (OR: 4.9, p < 0.05) to routinely use alcohol-based hand rubs than technicians. Our research highlighted gaps in hand hygiene knowledge, perception and practice among healthcare workers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia and the importance of training in this regard.

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Almoslem, Munthir M., Talal A. Alshehri, Arwa A. Althumairi, Mohammed T. Aljassim, Mohamed E. Hassan, and Mahmoud M. Berekaa. "Handwashing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Students in Eastern Province Schools, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (September 21, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6638443.

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Background. Lack of knowledge about appropriate handwashing practices has caused great concerns for human health, especially in the risk of many communicable diseases. The objective of the current study is to determine the level of handwashing knowledge, attitudes, and practices among school students in Eastern Province Schools, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was recruited from November 2019 to March 2020 to assess the level of the students’ handwashing knowledge. A reliable questionnaire was prepared (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.608) and conducted using a two-stage sampling technique. A total of 271 students participated in the study from primary, middle, and high schools; 80% were boys, most of whom displayed an acceptable level of knowledge on hand hygiene. Nearly 75% and 74% of boys and girls, respectively, gained knowledge about hand hygiene practices from their parents. Only 46% of the students thought that handwashing is a potential protective measure against diseases, whereas 34% thought it only removes dirt. Prevalence of handwashing with soap after using the toilet was recognized among 52% of the students. Additionally, 93% of the students used water and soap to wash their hands ( p value < 0.001) and 97% suggested that soap and water are the best methods to wash their hands ( p value < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the mother’s education and hand hygiene practices ( p value = 0.044). Results collectively indicated that handwashing knowledge and practices among school students in the Eastern Province are acceptable interventions in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Indeed, further improvement conducted through specific health education programs to emphasize the role of handwashing in health hygiene is highly recommended.

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AlGhamdi, Ali S., Ammar A. Almarghlani, Rusha A. Alyafi, Rayyan A. Kayal, and Mohammad S. Al-Zahrani. "Gingival health and oral hygiene practices among high school children in Saudi Arabia." Annals of Saudi Medicine 40, no. 2 (March 2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2020.126.

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Shaaban, Heba, and Wejdan Alhajri. "Usage Patterns of Cosmetic and Personal Care Products among Female Population in Saudi Arabia: Important Factors for Exposure and Risk Assessment." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (April 8, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8434508.

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Reliable data regarding the usage patterns of personal care products (PCPs) are needed to determine the health risks posed by the ingredients of these products such as parabens, phthalates, and bisphenol A. There are no published data regarding the consumption patterns of PCPs in the Middle East in general and in Saudi Arabia in particular. To fill this gap, this study aimed to assess important factors such as the percentage of users and the frequency of use and co-use of twenty-three cosmetic and PCPs among the female population in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this study aimed to assess the common cosmetic-related adverse events among the participants. The studied products included general hygiene, hair care, skin care, makeup, fragrances, and other products. The data were collected from 709 female participants of different age groups through a digital questionnaire. It was found that eighteen of the investigated products are consumed by at least 50% of the respondents. The frequency of use of PCPs varied over a wide range. Cosmetic-related adverse events were experienced by 16.1% of the participants. Use frequencies of many hygiene and makeup products were correlated with each other. This study provides, for the first time, baseline data on the usage patterns of a large number of widely consumed PCPs among female population pertaining to several sociodemographic strata. Such information is crucial for exposure and risk assessment and also needed for updating the current knowledge on usage of PCPs in Saudi Arabia.

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Musaiger, Abdulrahman O., Mariam Al-Mannai, and Eman Abduljawad. "Association of oral hygiene habits and food intake with the risk of dental caries among undergraduate university women in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 26, no. 4 (November 1, 2014): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0337.

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Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of dental caries in relation to oral hygiene habits and food intake among women at university in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A sample of 935 undergraduate university women was selected from the King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A previously pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Odds ratios were calculated to estimate the risk of dental caries associated with oral hygiene and food intake. Results: The findings revealed that women who cleaned their teeth three times or more per day mostly cleaned their teeth after intake of sweets and chocolates, and had no gingivitis were at less risk of dental caries than other women (p=0.029, p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively). The intake of milk, fruit and vegetables on 4 days or more per week was found to protect against dental caries (odds ratios=0.34, 0.64 and 0.73, respectively), whereas the intake of chocolate and soft drinks for the same period was found to be a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratios=1.8 and 1.4, respectively). Conclusion: The results of this study are useful for public health intervention programs to combat dental caries in the Saudi community.

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Noshili, Ali Ibrahim. "Assessment of Hand-Washing Habits Among Secondary School Students in Saudi Arabia." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, no. 4 (December 25, 2021): 1924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.4.81.

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The health effects of infectious diseases affecting school-aged children continue to be a source of concern in the majority of low- and middle-income nations, owing to poor personal hygiene habits and insufficient sanitary facilities in public primary schools. Schoolchildren and primary school pupils are at increased risk due to a lack of attention to a fundamental yet crucial aspect of personal hygiene, such as continually washing hands with soap under running water, and even due to a lack of information of correct hand washing with soap practice. In recent years, public health concerns about communicable diseases such as respiratory infection and pneumonia have increased. The majority of school students are more exposed to infectious risk factors as a result of their frequent engagement in unhealthy behaviors. The purpose of this study is to determine the handwashing habits of Saudi Arabian secondary school students. The study employed a cross-sectional design in which an online survey was used to assess handwashing habits. Boys and girls from Saudi Arabia's secondary schools were included in the population. Statistical software was used to synthesize and analyze the data collected. The findings indicate that there was a relatively high level of commitment to hand washing. Additionally, findings indicated that the primary reason for skipping hand washing was a lack of recall. When it comes to handwashing materials in schools, the majority of participants prefer water and soap. The study discovered that the majority of secondary school students are unaware of the dangers associated with improper handwashing. Regression analysis revealed that there are significant predictors of handwashing commitment. Factors influencing secondary school students' handwashing habits include their region, academic year, gender, age, and parent's education. Thus, hygiene education programs in schools and communities should be implemented to raise awareness about the importance of hand hygiene.

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Aldukhayel, Abdulrhman. "The magnitude, determinants and barriers for physical activities among diabetic patients in Qassim area of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, no. 3 (May 22, 2018): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20181664.

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Background: To review the level of physical activity (PA) among adult diabetics and barriers to PA in this population.Methods: This survey was performed in 2017 and enrolled adult diabetics from primary health center of the National Guard in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. International Physical activity questionnaire was used to grade the level of PA. The three intensities of PA (walking, moderate and vigorous exercise), and number of days per week and hours per day were queried for each participant. Metabolic equivalent (MET), a proxy indicator of PA was calculated. Data were analyzed for associations to demographic and diabetes-related factors. Participants were queried on barriers to PA such as time, space, high cost, physical disability, preoccupation with other priorities and languor. Results: We interviewed 395 diabetic patients. The low and moderate levels of PA were noted for 320 (81%) and 75 (19%) participants respectively. None had a high level of PA. Gender (P=0.4), age (P=0.45), body mass index (P=0.66) were not associated to PA. Joint problems (43%), languor (35.2%) and family time (33.9%) were the main barriers that lowered PA. Conclusions: There was a low level of PA among diabetics in Qassim. Barriers to PA should be proactively addressed during patient counseling to improve PA in this population. Counseling direct towards increasing PA may mitigate the physically disabling complications of cardiovascular events among diabetics.

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Alshahrani, Shamoukh, Abrar Alshuaibi, Malak Alkhaldi, and Pradeep Koppolu. "Perception and Knowledge of Patients from Different Regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia towards Oral Hygiene and Oral Hygiene Aids." Healthcare 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050592.

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Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the perception and awareness of interdental aids in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted, in order to evaluate the perception and knowledge of patients towards oral hygiene products among the population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In total, 812 out of 1124 participants responded and completed the survey (response rate 72.2%). The data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire in English and Arabic. All statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS 20 software. p < 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. Results: A total of 812 participants responded, of which 486 participants (60%) declared using a toothpaste and toothbrush for cleaning their teeth. The cohort consisted of 274 (34%) females who brushed twice daily, while 96 (33%) males brushed their teeth once a day and 18% of the participants did not even brush once a day. The results indicated that 332 (64%) female participants and 174 (60%) male participants had perception and knowledge of the use of dental floss or any other device to clean between their teeth, while 174 (48.50%) male participants and 174 (49.10%) female participants cleaned their tongue with the same brush, rather than using a tongue scrubber or any other aids. Conclusion: The total awareness of interdental aids in Saudi Arabia is unsatisfactory, as demonstrated by the participants not being conscious or informed about the maintenance of their oral health. A majority of participants did not report adopting basic techniques, such as tongue brushing. This study reveals that no interdental aids were used by 16% of the participants. Thus, it is crucial to develop an effective educational program which emphasizes oral healthcare in this population.

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Arfaoui, Leila. "Food safety and hygiene education improves the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Saudi dietetics students." Bioinformation 18, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 900–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630018900.

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The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of food safety and hygiene course on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dietetics students. A repeated measure pre/post-intervention study was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices regarding food safety and hygiene among undergraduate dietetics students (n = 63) enrolled in a course on food safety and hygiene in Saudi Arabia. Students were asked to complete an online questionnaire divided into five sections that covered key food-safety concepts before and at the end of the course to determine changes in these variables. Overall, students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices improved significantly after attending the course on food safety and hygiene. Scores for total knowledge increased from 16.51±2.60 before the course to 20.60±2.01 after it (p < 0.001). The total score for attitudes improved from 9.16±1.43 before the course to 9.92±0.27 after it (p < 0.001). The total score for practices increased from 11.0±3.10 before the course to 14.78±3.41 after it (p < 0.001).The course on food safety and hygiene helped to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices of food safety by dietetics students.

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Bakarman, Marwan A., Mukhtiar Baig, Ahmad A. Malik, Zohair J. Gazzaz, Mostafa M. Mostafa, Mohamed A. Zayed, Abdulaziz S. Balubaid, and Ahmed K. Alzahrani. "Hand hygiene knowledge and attitude of medical students in western Saudi Arabia." PeerJ 7 (April 25, 2019): e6823. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6823.

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Background The practice of hand hygiene (HH) has prime importance among Health Care Professionals (HCPs) and non-compliance could cause adverse consequences. By keeping the importance of HH in mind, this study aims at investigating the knowledge and attitudes towards HH among medical students and interns at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods The study includes 453 medical students and interns (189 males & 264 females). This study was completed in three months; from September to November 2017. The World Health Organization (WHO) HH questionnaire was used and data were analyzed on SPSS-21. Results Two-third of the participants 292 (64.2%) had formal training in HH in the last three years. Almost half of the participants 254 (56.1%) had correct knowledge regarding the major course of transmission of potentially detrimental microbes among patients in the healthcare premises. Just 124 (27.4%) of the respondents had the correct knowledge about the most common basis of germs accountable for healthcare-related infections. Females had significantly better knowledge than males regarding the type of HH technique needed before palpation of the abdomen (177(54%) Vs. 151(46%); P < 0.002), before an injection (175(54.5%) Vs. 146(45.5%); P < 0.007), after emptying a bedpan (207(64.7%) Vs. 113(35.3%); P < 0.001), following discarding examination gloves (256(60.4% Vs. 168(39.6%); P < 0.001] and after exposure to blood (200(64.1%) Vs. 112(35.%); P < 0.001). Female participants had better knowledge than males regarding the type of HH actions. Females also had a significantly better attitude towards the importance of HH than males (240(62.5%) Vs. 144(37.5%); P < 0.001). Conclusion The majority of the participants’ knowledge regarding HH was not up to the mark; however, female students had better knowledge compared to male students. The medical students and interns’ knowledge and positive attitude towards HH can play a pivotal role in preventing HCPs associated infections and it would overall decrease the infection-related burden on the hospital and governmental budgets. It is suggested that multi-dimensional plans are required to change this low compliance to a higher rate.

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Shati, Ayed A., Saleh M. Al Qahtani, Shehata F. Shehata, Youssef A. Alqahtani, Mohammed S. Aldarami, Sultan A. Alqahtani, Yahya M. Alqahtani, Aesha F. Siddiqui, and Shamsun N. Khalil. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Food Poisoning among Parents in Aseer Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia." Healthcare 9, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 1650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121650.

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Background: Food poisoning is caused by eating contaminated food. Improper food safety knowledge, poor food handling, and inadequate personal hygiene may allow microbes to grow in sufficient numbers to cause a food-borne illness. The aim of this paper was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding food poisoning and its determinants of parents in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 3011 parents in the Aseer region in the southwest region of Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data. The level of knowledge of the participants was scored as a percentage and further classified as “good” or “poor”. Attitudes were classified as “positive”, “neutral”, or “negative” based on a calculated composite mean score. The participants were asked about standard food hygiene practices, and the practices were recorded based on how often they were performed, with the results recorded as “usually”, “sometimes”, or “never”. Results: The age range of the parents was between 18 and 65 years old, with a mean age of 28.9 ± 10.4 years. Among the participants, 96.2% were Saudi, and 81.8% were female. Almost 53% of the fathers and 41% of the mothers were university graduates. About 55% of the mothers were housewives. Almost equal proportions of the parents had “good” and “poor” levels of knowledge on food poisoning. Around 41% of the parents had positive attitudes towards safe food consumption. Older parents (defined as above 30 years of age), males, university graduates, and urban residents had significantly higher levels of knowledge regarding food poisoning. Conclusions: This study provided much needed information on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to food poisoning among parents in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. Although most respondents reported satisfactory practices, gaps were identified in knowledge and attitudes. This suggests a need for further investigation focused on the observed practices and strengthening health education activities for the community.

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Alkhadra, Thamer. "Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status among Juvenile Prisoners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 11 (2017): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2163.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene status among juvenile prisoners in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A total of 105 prisoners aged between 12 and 17 years of age from the Juvenile Detention Center were included in the study. Any prisoner with systemic illness and being noncooperative were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were performed under an artificial light source using a disposable mouth mirror and explorer while seated on a portable chair. The dental caries experience was measured as the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) using DMFT score. The oral hygiene index (OHI) was assessed by the Greene and Vermillion method. The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Results The mean age of the sample was 16.33 years, with 74.3% of the prisoners in the 16 to 17-year-old group. The dental caries index measured by calculating the mean DMFT of the juvenile prisoners increased with age. The DMFT scores of 9.09 (4.388) for 78 juvenile prisoners aged 16 to 17 years followed by 9.00 (2.925) for 19 prisoners aged 14 to 15 years and 7.13 (1.808) for 8 prisoners aged 12 to 13 years were observed. The oral hygiene status of the prisoners showed that more than half of the juvenile prisoners included in the study had poor (53.3%) oral hygiene and less than half had fair (45.7%) oral hygiene and only one participant demonstrated good oral hygiene. Conclusion The juvenile prisoners had high prevalence of dental caries and fair-to-bad oral hygiene, indicating poor oral health status. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for special attention from the concerned health authorities, voluntary organizations, and surrounding dental colleges in meeting the oral health needs of this group. Clinical significance The study provides an important database for decision makers to take on the challenge of reducing dental caries among juvenile prisoners. How to cite this article Alkhadra T. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Oral Hygiene Status among Juvenile Prisoners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):991-995.

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Morgan, Sara Afshar, Mohamed Mahmoud Ali, Andrew Amos Channon, Sultana Al-Sabahi, Huda Al Suwaidi, Nabil Osman, Mostafa Al Salameen, and Tawfik Khoja. "Prevalence and correlates of diabetes and its comorbidities in four Gulf Cooperation Council countries: evidence from the World Health Survey Plus." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 7 (March 20, 2019): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211187.

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BackgroundThe Gulf Cooperation Council countries are witnessing unprecedented changes due to fast economic development and population growth. The aims of this study were twofold: first, to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and its comorbidities; second, to examine the association of sociodemographic risk factors and healthcare service utilisation with diabetes.MethodsData from the World Health Survey Plus (WHS+) from Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates were used. The WHS+ is a nationally representative household survey of the adult population, conducted between 2008 and 2009. Both logistic regression and zero-inflated Poisson models were applied to examine the associations of risk factors, comorbidity and treatment with self-reported diabetes.ResultsThe highest level of diabetes was observed in Kuwait, with 40.8% among the oldest age group. High body mass index, older age and low education were all associated with diabetes in all settings. High levels of comorbidity existed within the diabetic population. Over 50% of diabetics in all countries reported having at least one chronic condition. In Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, one in five diabetics reported having two or more comorbidities. Treatment prevalence was above 80% across all sociodemographic categories.ConclusionThe burden of diabetes, although high, is not uniform across populations in the four Gulf countries. Differential exposure to risk, such as unhealthy lifestyles, may be creating a disadvantage for certain populations and influencing the co-occurrence of chronic conditions. In response, a multifaceted and patient-centred approach is needed at all levels of healthcare to control and prevent non-communicable diseases.

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Algaadi, Salim Ali. "Hand Eczema among General Population in the time of Enhanced Hand Hygiene during COVID-19 Pandemic." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1067–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221631067.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, health authorities in most of the world recommend people maintain hand hygiene to prevent the spread of the virus. Unfortunately, this has resulted in an increased number of hand dermatitis among health care workers (HCW) and the general population. Hand eczema results from the damage to the epidermal barrier that induces inflammation and activates the innate immune system. In this brief study, we assess hand eczema prevalence during the Covid-19 pandemic in the general population of Saudi Arabia via a self-administered online questionnaire. The total number of participants was 502, of which 268 (53.4%) were males. Most participants were younger than 30 years (67.9%), while only (2.2%) were older than 60 years. Forty percent of participants developed new-onset hand skin damage during the pandemic, and this was proportionally correlated with the daily average frequency of handwashing with soap and water. We hope this brief study paves the way for further larger epidemiological studies. Keywords: Hand Eczema, Hand Hygiene, COVID-19, Saudi Arabia

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Mahfouz, AhmedA, Ahmed Abolyazid, HasanM Al-Musa, NabilJ Awadallah, Aesha Faraheen, Shamsunhar Khalil, MohammadN El-Gamal, and KhalidM Al-Musa. "Hand hygiene knowledge of primary health care workers in Abha city, South Western Saudi Arabia." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 6, no. 1 (2017): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.214971.

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Nayak, Prathibha Anand, Ullal Anand Nayak, Othman Wali, Kavitha Odathurai Marusamy, and Nagihan K. Muhcu. "Effect of Lifestyle on Periodontal Health Status in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 11 (March 15, 2021): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/164.

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BACKGROUND The concept of a healthy lifestyle is reported to be directly related to health. Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease vary among different populations and regions which may be attributed to various lifestyle factors. The aim of the present study was to find the association between the various lifestyle factors and periodontal health. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 374 participants aged 20 - 50 years during the 6 months period using a structured and pre-validated questionnaire. The lifestyle factors of selected participants were evaluated using an eight-item health practice index (HPI) scale given by Hagihara et al. Their clinical periodontal status was recorded by means of clinical attachment level using University of North Carolina (UNC)-15 probe. The statistical analysis was based on the association of components of lifestyle with severity of periodontitis was evaluated using chi square test. The multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association of variables of life style, oral health care and health practice index with severity of periodontitis. RESULTS The statistical analysis revealed that severity of periodontitis increased with increasing age and decreased with increasing education level, income level, and frequency of dental visits and use of oral hygiene aids. The overall life style of participants did not have any significant association with the severity of periodontitis when multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association of age, education, occupation, income, brushing device or method used, visit to the dentist, breakfast, and work hours per day with periodontal health. KEY WORDS Lifestyle, Periodontal Status, Health Practice Index

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Anweigi, Lamyia, Alhanoof Aldegheishem, Ambreen Azam, Yara Alromaih, Fatima Alkeait, Lama Alhaimy, Ahmad Ahmeda, Shaza Bishti, Faleh Tamimi, and Raidan Ba-Hattab. "Oral-Health-Related Self-Efficacy among the Elderly Population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315900.

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Oral health self-efficacy is a fundamental determinant of behavioral changes among elderly patients. Objective: To assess the oral self-efficacy among the Saudi population aged 65 years old and above in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted on elderly individuals in Riyadh. An Arabic version of the Geriatric Self-Efficacy Scale for Oral Health (GSEOH) was administered to all participants. The dependent variables included oral function, oral hygiene habits, and dental visits. For the statistical analysis, two independent sample t-tests and a one-way ANOVA test were used. Significance was judged at a p-value less than 0.05. Results: Of 400 participants recruited, 53% were males. About 58% had retained teeth, and 72% had visited a dentist in the past 12 months. Overall, 31.6%, 34.64%, 22.65%, and 11.14% of the participants rated their oral health as good, fairly good, rather poor, and poor, respectively. Age (p < 0.001), educational level (p < 0.001), and working status (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with GSEOH scores. Other sociodemographic characteristics were not found to affect the GSEOH scores. Conclusions: The overall self-efficacy of oral health among Saudi elderly individuals is fairly good. Age, educational level, and occupational status are the main determinants of oral health self-efficacy scores.

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Al-Ansari, Asim, Maha El Tantawi, Nasser AlMadan, Muhammad Nazir, Balgis Gaffar, Khalifa Al-Khalifa, and Ali AlBaty. "Internet Addiction, Oral Health Practices, Clinical Outcomes, and Self-Perceived Oral Health in Young Saudi Adults." Scientific World Journal 2020 (August 11, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7987356.

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The study assessed the relationship between Internet addiction and oral health practices and clinical outcomes and whether this was affected by oral health perception. In 2017, a cross-sectional study included university students in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Questionnaires assessed demographic background, oral health practices (consuming sugar, tobacco use, and oral hygiene), perceived oral health, and Internet addiction. Caries experience and gingivitis were assessed using the World Health Organization criteria. The multivariate general linear analysis assessed the relationship between dependent variables (oral health practices, DMFT, and gingivitis) and exposure (Internet addiction). Data were available for 919 participants, 75.4% females, mean age = 19.8 years, and 1.6% with significant Internet use problem. The mean percentage of teeth with gingivitis was 8.5% and mean DMFT was 2.9. Among those with good perception of oral health and compared with participants with significant Internet use problem, average Internet users had lower consumption of sugar and tobacco (B = −6.52, P=0.03 and B = −2.04, P=0.03), better oral hygiene practices (B = 2.07, P=0.33), higher DMFT (B = 2.53, P=0.10), and lesser gingivitis (B = −15.45, P=0.06). Internet addiction was associated with negative oral health practices and poor clinical outcomes among young Saudis. Holistic health promotion approaches need to address the negative impact of Internet addiction on health and oral health status for this at-risk age group.

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Allam, Eman, Nouf Alshibani, Yara Alshibani, and Reem Alkattan. "Evaluation of the Knowledge and Awareness of Dental Patients in Saudi Arabia on Periodontal Health and Diseases." Open Dentistry Journal 14, no. 1 (September 18, 2020): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602014010459.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal health knowledge and awareness among a cohort of dental patients in Saudi Arabia. Methods: One thousand adult patients attending King Khaled University Hospital and the Dental Hospital, King Saud University, in Riyadh, KSA, were recruited to the study. The subjects completed a questionnaire that aimed to evaluate their level of awareness on etiology, risk factors, and preventive measures related to periodontal disease. Results: The study sample showed adequate awareness and general knowledge on signs and symptoms of periodontal diseases as well as risk factors for their development. Data also suggested great knowledge of oral hygiene measures for maintaining good oral hygiene. However, a low level of awareness was reported for the exact etiology of periodontal disease, as indicated by the fact that about 65% of respondents did not know or declined the fact that plaque causes periodontal disease. The participants also demonstrated a low level of awareness of the association between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, such as coronary heart diseases and premature birth. Conclusion: The results of this study showed extensive variations and knowledge gaps between different aspects related to periodontal disease. In order for comprehensive oral health educational programs to be effective and to achieve their goals, they should be designed to fulfill these knowledge gaps and tailored to target the areas of least awareness, such as etiology and systemic conditions association.

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Bano, Rafia, and Fatima Abdullah Al Sabhan. "Study of Knowledge and Practice of University Females Regarding Reproductive Health and Hygiene in Hail, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences 3, no. 1 (2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2015.06.

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Hobani, Yahya Hasan, Shiju Mathew, and Hassan Ali Samsam. "Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension & Associated Factor’s among students of Jazan in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i4.13921.

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Background: Health-related issues has been one of the major factor of concern for the death since the last three decades in Saudi Arabia which includes diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other associated factors are considered as major risk factors. The investigation on the prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and associated factors among students of Jazan, Saudi Arabia is an alarm for the hidden possible health threat among the students in the younger age. Methods: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and associated factors in fifty students of Jazan in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through interview using a structured questionnaire followed by clinical examination. Clinical practice methods were followed to estimate Cholesterol, Body Mass Index (BMI), weight, Diabetes and Hypertension from the sample. Results: A high percentage of participants i.e. 70% are pre diabetes, which is partly due to a more sedentary lifestyle and smoking and weight gain. 62% of participants reported no physical exercise in daily life. Habit of smoking is present among 44% of the participants over weight and obesity showed as 24% and 16% respectively. The high blood pressure among the participants was 36% and 64% were prehypertensive. Obesity and weight assessed by using Body Mass Index. The result showed 52% among the participants were in normal weight, 24% were overweight and 16% were obese. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Smoking, physical inactivity, obesity and cholesterol level were associated with the risk of Pre-hypertension, hypertension, pre-diabetics and diabetics.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 708-713

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Ellakany, Passent, Marwa Madi, Shaimaa M. Fouda, Maria Ibrahim, and Jehan AlHumaid. "The Effect of Parental Education and Socioeconomic Status on Dental Caries among Saudi Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 11862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211862.

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Parental attitudes toward the importance of oral hygiene have an impact on the formation of their children’s oral habits and the prevalence of oral diseases. Our aim was to assess the association between parents’ education and socioeconomic status and their children’s oral health. A cross-sectional study was conducted between the years of 2018 and 2020 in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia among primary school children. Two pre-calibrated dentists performed the clinical examination of the children, and a self-administered validated questionnaire was obtained from their parents. Clinical examination was performed on 589 children with an age range of 3 to 14 years, where 47% were males and 53% were females, 70% with dental caries. Both parents with higher education and a high monthly income were significantly associated with lower prevalence of decayed teeth in their children, respectively. Mother’s education, age, gender and application of sealant were found significantly associated with the high prevalence of caries. High prevalence of tooth decay was reported among school children in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A high educational level of parents and high income were correlated with a lower prevalence of decayed teeth, similarly to the situation in the case of presence of medical insurance.

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Shati, Ayed A., Shamsun N. Khalil, Khalid A. Asiri, Abdulaziz Ahmed Alshehri, Yazeed A. Deajim, Mohammad S. Al-Amer, Hassan J. Alshehri, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alshehri, and Fahad S. Alqahtani. "Occurrence of Diarrhea and Feeding Practices among Children below Two Years of Age in Southwestern Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030722.

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Growing evidence suggests that feeding practices in early childhood play a major role in the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. However, there is a lack of information regarding feeding practices and its relationship with occurrences of diarrhea in young children from Saudi Arabia. The present study is aimed to measure the prevalence of diarrhea and assess its relationship with feeding practices among children between two months and two years of age in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in two large cities in the Aseer region in southwest Saudi Arabia. A total of 302 mothers attending well-baby clinics across six primary health centers were included. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Factors associated with diarrheal disease were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of diarrhea among children during the study period was 56.3% (95% CI: 50.7%–61.8%). Only 15.9% of children in our study were exclusively breastfed. The occurrence of diarrhea was significantly associated with age 7–12 months (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.42–4.91). We found that diarrhea was prevalent among children between two months and two years of age, and that exclusive breastfeeding was not a common practice in this region. Health education programs should be directed towards mothers to improve rates of breastfeeding, weaning practices, food hygiene, and childcare. Special attention and support should be provided for working mothers.

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Bafaraj, Naif, Mohammad Bafaraj, Duha Alzaidi, Razan Alhajjaji, Hanouf Alharbi, Noura Alhomaidhi, and Hind Abdel-latif. "Assessment of Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Children in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: a Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ms53031907.

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Background: Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of oral hygiene in children is important for the health of the community. The lack of data in Makkah region initiated the idea of the study. Aims: To assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral hygiene among Makkah children aged 9-14years. Design: Cross sectional study was conducted to collect data from children in Makkah, using self-administered close-ended validated questionnaire. It contained demographic data about the child and his mother, and included ten items about oral health practice, oral health attitude, and oral health knowledge that were answered by the child and his guardian separately. SPSS version 20 was used for the analysis of the data and descriptive statistics and chi- square tests were applied. Results: 405 children, both males and females, and their mothers have participated, 79% of them were Saudi mothers and 57% have had higher education. A significant difference was found regarding the correct tooth brushing frequency among male and female children. 67% had more than two episodes of dental pain during last year. No significant difference was found regarding the knowledge except the effect of the fluoride on teeth. More than 45% of the children who got good score their mothers are University graduates. Conclusion: Most of the children and their mothers have adequate oral hygiene knowledge, practice, and attitude. Children of university graduate mothers are more knowledgeable compared to non-graduate mothers; this necessitates the importance of educating them.

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Kotha, Sunil Babu, Norah Saud Mohammed AlFaraj, Tasneem Hassan Ramdan, Maymoonah Abdullah Alsalam, Maryam Jawad Al Ameer, and Zainab Mohammed Almuzin. "Associations between Diet, Dietary and Oral Hygiene Habits with Caries Occurrence and Severity in Children with Autism at Dammam City, Saudi Arabia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 6 (June 6, 2018): 1104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.245.

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AIM: The purpose of the study is to achieve the baseline information of the autistic child’s oral health status about the diet, dietary and hygiene habits. The association of these factors with dental caries were assessed.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survey was composed of self-administered questionnaires to parents about their children's’ demographic data followed by questions related to diet, dietary and hygiene habits. This is later followed by oral examination for estimating the decayed, missing and filled [dmft] scores as per WHO norms. The variables are analysed using t-tests and ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for each of the independent variables to examine for autocorrelation.RESULTS: The mean age for the present study is 5.8 years with more predilections of caries in females. The autistic children prefer soft diet and pouch it in oral cavity resulting in increased caries though not significant. Other foods like nuts and pulses confectioneries and soft drinks resulted in increased caries, and our study shows significant relation. Consumption of sugars between meals and increased quantity of sugar per day also increased dental caries with highly significant results in our study. Hygiene habits also made a difference in the occurrence of caries though, in our study, it’s not significant.CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that the oral health education programs should be conducted for the parents, caregivers and the teachers about the diet, dietary and the hygiene habits and the role they play in maintaining the oral hygiene.

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Khan, AtaurR, ZakiN Al-Abdul Lateef, MohammadA Al Aithan, MontaserA Bu-Khamseen, Ibrahim Al Ibrahim, and ShabbirA Khan. "Factors contributing to non-compliance among diabetics attending primary health centers in the Al Hasa district of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Family and Community Medicine 19, no. 1 (2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.94008.

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Mahdi, Hashim A., Hamza M. Assaggaf, Mohammad Alfelali, Omar B. Ahmed, Radi Alsafi, Ramon Z. Shaban, Robert Booy, and Harunor Rashid. "Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices among Domestic Visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020673.

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This study aimed to assess hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices of visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Using a self-administered electronic questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among domestic residents, who visited the mosque between 31 July and 3 August 2020. Participants’ demographic data, hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices were collected. Four hundred participants aged 18–65 (median 36) years completed the survey, of which 215 (53.8%) were female. The visitors’ mean knowledge score about hand hygiene was 6.4 (± standard deviation (SD) 1.35) of total 12. Most participants (392, 98%) were aware of the role of hand hygiene in preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); nevertheless, 384 (96%) said hand hygiene lowers body immunity and 316 (79%) thought <60% alcohol is sufficient for hand disinfection. Males had a higher knowledge score than females (6.46 (±1.41) vs. 6.14 (±1.27), p = 0.02) and, visitors who had no formal education scored higher than those with post-graduate education (6.88 (±1.45) vs 5.73 (±1.12), p = 0.01). Washing hands with soap and water was the predominant method practiced after a meal (365, 91.7%), after toilet visit (354, 88.5%), after touching a surface (262, 65.7%), after waste disposal (332, 83.2%), and when hands were visibly dirty (357, 89.5%). Al Madinah visitors had moderate knowledge about hand hygiene, but demonstrated some knowledge gaps and negligence in practice that are crucial to curb the spread of COVID-19.

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Togoo, Rafi Ahmed, Mohammed A. Al-Rafee, Reena Kandyala, Master Luqam, and Mohammed A. Al-Bulowey. "Dentists’ Opinion and Knowledge about Preventive Dental Care in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 3 (2012): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1134.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to determine the dentists’ opinions on causes for high prevalence of dental caries in the country and to assess their level of knowledge about preventive dental care. Materials and methods A questionnaire based national crosssectional survey among 500 dentists was conducted under the auspices of Directorate of Dentistry, Ministry of Health. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 11.0 and descriptive statistics were obtained. Results The response rate was 87.8% (n = 439). 83% of dentists identified poor oral hygiene as the major reason for high prevalence of caries, only 39% of patients reportedly brushed teeth at least once a day, oral prophylaxis (83%) is the most common preventive practice followed, social factors (62.5%) are the most challenging barriers in preventive dental programs, 71.3% always give chair side dental health education, school based programs (66.6%) are most effective tools for dental health education. Conclusion Majority of dentists in Saudi Arabia are adequately informed and motivated toward preventive dental care but they are in need of further support from policy makers to enhance preventive dental programs in the Kingdom. Clinical significance Oral hygiene should be improved in the country by reaching out to the entire community through extensive and continued education programs. How to cite this article Togoo RA, Al-Rafee MA, Kandyala R, Luqam M, Al-Bulowey MA. Dentists’ Opinion and Knowledge about Preventive Dental Care in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3): 261-265.

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Aledeilah, Rawan Deham I., Nagah Mohamed Abo El-Fetoh, and Amnah Farhan Albaker. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hand Hygiene among Health Care Workers in Arar City, Saudi Arabia." Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 70, no. 3 (January 2018): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0043494.

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Fageeh, Hytham N., Manawar A. Mansour, Hatim Y. Thubab, Mohammed B. Jarab, Ahmed Y. Juraybi, Hassan H. Zakri, and Abdullah M. Bahri. "The Role of Applied Behavior Analysis to Improve Knowledge on Oral Hygiene Practices among Cooperative Autistic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jazan, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (July 20, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9491496.

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Objective. To assess the effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to improve knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices among cooperative autistic children. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 15 children between the age group of 6–12 years and their parents who were randomly chosen from a special care autistic school in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A mobile application was custom designed and programmed with videos on oral hygiene. A close-ended questionnaire comprising 14 questions for the cooperative autistic children and 21 questions for their parents was designed to assess their knowledge in relation to oral health and hygiene. After four weeks, a questionnaire-based knowledge assessment was conducted. The mean knowledge score was then calculated for children and their parents and compared using paired sample t-test. Results. Poor knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices was revealed among the study participants. The estimated mean score among the children was 4.73 before the intervention, which significantly increased to 9.0. The estimated mean score for the parents was 9.3 before intervention and 14.6 after four weeks’ period ( P < 0.0001 ). Conclusion. The application of ABA using avatars and delivered through videos can significantly improve knowledge regarding oral health hygiene among cooperative autistic children.

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Shaikhain, Talal Ahmad, Faisal Abdulmohsen Al-Husayni, Essam Awadh Alhejaili, Maha Nawaf Al-Harbi, Anas Abdullah Bogari, Bayan Abdulaziz Baghlaf, and Mohammed Saeed Alzahrani. "COVID-19–Related Knowledge and Practices Among Health Care Workers in Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): e21220. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21220.

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Background Health care workers are at the front line against COVID-19. The risk of transmission decreases with adequate knowledge of infection prevention methods. However, health care workers reportedly lack a proper attitude and knowledge of different viral outbreaks. Objective This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of health care workers in Saudi Arabia toward COVID-19. Assessment of these parameters may help researchers focus on areas that require improvement. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 563 participants recruited from multiple cities in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was shared via social media applications, which contained questions to health care workers about general information regarding COVID-19 and standard practices. Results The mean age of the study population was 30.7 (SD 8) years. Approximately 8.3% (47/563) of the health care workers were isolated as suspected cases of COVID-19, and 0.9% (n=5) were found positive. The majority agreed that social distancing, face masks, and hand washing are effective methods for preventing disease transmission. However, only 63.7% (n=359) knew the correct duration of hand washing. Almost 70% (n=394) strictly adhered to hand hygiene practices, but less than half complied with the practice of wearing a face mask. Significant differences in health care workers' attitudes were observed on the basis of their city of residence, their adherence to COVID-19 practices, and their compliance with the use of a face mask. Among the health care workers, 27.2% (n=153) declared that they will isolate themselves at home and take influenza medication if they experience COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusions The majority of health care workers in Saudi Arabia presented acceptable levels of general knowledge on COVID-19, but they lack awareness in some crucial details that may prevent disease spread. Intense courses and competency assessments are highly recommended. Prevention of disease progression is the only option for the time being.

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J. AlSaihati, Imtithal, Bashaier A. Aljohar, Tabish Humayun, Zainah M. Alshahrani, Faiza A. AlFozan, and Khalid Hamadan Alanezi. "Hand Hygiene Compliance among Healthcare Workers, Ministry of Health Hospitals, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the Year 2018." American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology 10, no. 3 (June 24, 2022): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajidm-10-3-3.

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Mahfouz, Ahmed A., Mohammad N. El Gamal, and Tarik A. Al-Azraqi. "Hand hygiene non-compliance among intensive care unit health care workers in Aseer Central Hospital, south-western Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 17, no. 9 (September 2013): e729-e732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.02.025.

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Syed, Wajid, Suha Al Saleh, AidahAbdul-Aziz Al Rammah, Rawan Al Duhailan, Sufanah Kattan, and Fawiziah Al-Mana. "Stethoscope hygiene and barriers among physicians – A cross-sectional study from National Guard Health Affairs in Dammam, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Patient Safety and Infection Control 7, no. 2 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpsic.jpsic_19_19.

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Memish, Z., A. El-Saed, and E. Tannous. "P148 Improved hand hygiene compliance after education of health care workers in adult intensive care units in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 34 (July 2009): S73—S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70367-x.

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Ahmed Al-Ali, Sadiq. "Screening of Diabetic Patients for Frailty with the Frail Scale: A Comparison with the Fried’s Phenotype Criteria in Saudi Arabia." Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 6, no. 3 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000244.

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Background and Aims: Frailty is a serious health issue that is associated with the decline of muscle and nerve functions. Several conditions have been associated with frailty, such as dementia, cancer, and diabetes. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of frailty in Saudi diabetic patients and assess the association between diabetes and frailty. Also, to investigate if the FRAIL scale is an adequate tool to identify frail patients to pre-frail and healthy patients. Methods: Seventy-eight participants were divided into three categories; group-I, the control group, included 31 healthy men 65 to 75 years, group-II 25 patients with DM2 aged 50–64, and group-III included 22 patients with DM2 aged 65–80 years old. Frailty index using Fried’s criteria (CHS) and FRAIL scale was determined for all the participants. In ROC analysis, we evaluated diagnostic accuracy and AUC areas of the FRAIL scale compared with the CHS criteria. Results: Frail patients were more in Group II and III (diabetics) (44%, 55%) respectively than in Group-I (non-diabetics) 10%. People aged 63 years old or more are more likely to have frailty syndrome. Diabetic patients with FBG level ≥ 220 mg/dL, HbA1c level ≥ 9.5%, are more likely to be frail patients (P-values: 0.029, 0.002) respectively. Comparisons of the FRAIL scale to CHS components showed an independent diagnostic property. Conclusion: Frailty is a very serious condition, and it’s a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. FRAIL scale is a promising diagnostic tool, and more diagnostic studies are recommended.

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GABRE, REFAAT M., and ABDELAZIM SHAKIR. "Prevalence of Some Human Enteroparasites in Commonly Consumed Raw Vegetables in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-485.

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ABSTRACT The problem of parasitic contamination of food, especially fresh vegetables, is not limited to personal hygiene during food preparation but is also widely dependent on the source of the food and the handling it undergoes before it gets to the consumer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate parasitic contamination in eight common raw vegetables in Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 400 samples of raw vegetables obtained from wholesale and retail markets were examined for helminth eggs and larvae and for cysts of different parasites, using standard methods. The prevalence of the parasites was 20.65% in cucumber, 15.76% in cabbage, 14.67% in pea, 14.13% in cress, 13.04% in lettuce, 10.33% in carrot, 8.70% in green onion, and 2.72% in tomato. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) for Entamoeba spp. cysts, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, Entamoeba coli cysts, and unknown isolated parasite cysts. Parasites are common in vegetables that are frequently eaten raw and, for this reason, may pose a health risk for consumers in Tabuk.

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El-Saed, Aiman, Seema Noushad, Elias Tannous, Fatima Abdirizak, Yaseen Arabi, Salih Al Azzam, Esam Albanyan, Hamdan Al Jahdalil, Reem Al Sudairy, and Hanan H. Balkhy. "Quantifying the Hawthorne effect using overt and covert observation of hand hygiene at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia." American Journal of Infection Control 46, no. 8 (August 2018): 930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.02.025.

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Iqbal, Azhar, Osama Khattak, Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary, Meshal Aber Al Onazi, Hmoud Ali Algarni, Thani AlSharari, Abdullah Alshehri, et al. "Caries Risk Assessment Using the Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) Protocol among the General Population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031215.

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Background: Caries risk assessment is a useful tool in caries prevention and management. Using a tool such as CAMBRA, every individual can be assessed according to his or her disease indicators, risk factors, and protective factors for the current and future caries. Aim: This study aimed to assess caries risk among the general population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia using the CAMBRA protocol. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at university dental clinics using a questionnaire that was formulated using the CAMBRA caries risk assessment tool; afterwards, all 160 participants were intra-orally examined to assess oral hygiene status and presence of disease. Independent t-tests, ANOVAs, and chi-square tests were performed for analysis. Results: The majority of participants had one or more disease indicators, with white spots and visible cavities (71.3%), and the most commonly present risk factor was visible heavy plaque on teeth (82.5%). The use of fluoridated toothpaste (92.5%) was the most common protective factor. The majority of participants (85%) were in the ‘High’ category of Caries risk assessment. The prevalence of high caries risk was significantly higher among the rural participants compared to the urban (p <0.05), and significantly fewer of those with a primary school education level or lower were in the high dental caries risk group compared to the other educational categories (p <0.001). Conclusion: The caries risk among the general population of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, is high, with significant variation among age groups, education levels, and geographical locations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Diabetics Health and hygiene Saudi Arabia'

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