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Journal articles on the topic 'Diabetes Saudi Arabia'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Alaqeel, Aqeel, Muna Almijmaj, Abdulaziz Almushaigeh, Yasser Aldakheel, Raghad Almesned, and Husam Al Ahmadi. "High Rate of Depression among Saudi Children with Type 1 Diabetes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 11714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111714.

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Saudi Arabia ranks among the top ten in type 1 diabetes (T1D) prevalence. The psychological burden, including depression, among T1D children, affects short-term and long-term outcomes. In Saudi Arabia, studies on depression among T1D children are limited. We determined the prevalence of depression among T1D children and adolescents in the Saudi Arabia-Qassim region and investigated risk factors for depressive symptoms. This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among T1D children and adolescents in the outpatient clinic of Maternity and Children Hospital, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, between October 2020 and April 2021. Using a validated questionnaire translated into Arabic, we interviewed patients during clinic appointment. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, and Clinical Depression Inventory scale were used to measure depression. There were 148 T1D respondents (children: 58.1%; adolescents: 41.9%). More than half were females (53.4%), with most Saudis (94.6%). Depression prevalence among children and adolescents was 27%. Mild, moderate, and severe depression occurred in 80%, 12.5%, and 7.5% of depressed patients, respectively. Factors significant for depression were female sex (p = 0.014), uncontrolled HbA1c level (p = 0.037), and longer diabetes duration (p = 0.013). Depression among children and adolescents was more prevalent in this study than in previous reports. Early detection of depression will improve diabetes control and quality of life.
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2

Alwin Robert, Asirvatham, and Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish. "Microvascular complications among patients with diabetes: An emerging health problem in Saudi Arabia." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 16, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164118820714.

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Diabetes mellitus, besides disrupting the carbohydrate metabolism process, also induces vascular disease and impacts nearly all the types and sizes of blood vessels. In fact, vascular complications cause majority of the morbidity, hospitalizations and mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus. Retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy (microvascular complications) impact hundreds of millions of diabetics and normally target those having long-term or uncontrolled forms of the disease; however, these disorders can also exist at the time of diagnosis or in those yet to be diagnosed. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the biggest country in the Middle East that occupies around four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula supporting a population of more than 33.3 million people. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate in Saudi Arabia. Over 25% of the adult population is suffering and that figure is projected to more than double by 2030. In fact, diabetes mellitus has approximately registered a 10-fold upsurge in the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, the prevalence and risk factors of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients have not yet been clearly documented in Saudi Arabia. Hence, in this review, we aim to provide an overview of the microvascular complications among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia, utilizing data from the currently available published literature. This is an attempt to facilitate the government and healthcare systems aware of the enormous worth of prevention, early detection and appropriate management of such microvascular complications.
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3

Salman, H., A. Abanamy, B. Ghassan, and M. Khalil. "Childhood Diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Diabetic Medicine 8, no. 2 (February 3, 1991): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1991.tb01567.x.

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4

El Hazmi, Mohsen A. F., A. B. Warsy, and R. Sulairnani. "Diabetesmellitus as a health problem in Saudi Arabia." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 4, no. 1 (January 15, 1998): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1998.4.1.58.

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A total of 25 337 Saudis [11 713 males [46.2%] and 13 624 females [53.8%] were screened for diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance using WHO criteria for diagnosis. The prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the total Saudi male population was 0.23%, 5.63% and 0.50% respectively, and in the total Saudi female population was 0.30%, 4.53% and 0.72% respectively. Differences were observed in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance between the provinces. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus increased to 28.82% and 24.92% in males and females respectively over the age of 60 years, while impaired glucose tolerance increased to 1.60% and 3.56%
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5

Alneami, Yahya Mari, and Christopher L. Coleman. "Risk Factors for and Barriers to Control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi Population." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 9 (December 18, 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n9p10.

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<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is dramatically increasing in urban areas within Saudi Arabia. Hence, Type-2 Diabetes has now become the most common public health problem. Understanding the major risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes may lead to strategies to prevent, control, and reduce in the burden of disease cases.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To describe risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The literature search was conducted on risk factors for and barriers to control Type- 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (2007-2015). The literature search yielded 80 articles, of which 70 articles were included in this review after excluding non-relevant articles. </p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The literature review revealed that obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking, and aging are the major risk factors for Type-2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Further, the review allocated a complex set of barriers including, lack of education, social support, and healthy environment. These barriers may hinder Saudis with Type-2 Diabetes from controlling their disease.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The prevalence of Type-2 Diabetes is high among the Saudi population and represents a major public health problem. Effective research programs are needed to address the modifiable risk factors for and barriers to control Type-2 Diabetes among Saudi population.</p>
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6

Robert, Asirvatham Alwin, Abdulrahman Al-Dawish, Muhammad Mujammami, and Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish. "Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Soaring Epidemic." International Journal of Pediatrics 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9408370.

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is quite prevalent in the world, with a proportion of 1 in every 300 persons and steadily rising frequency of incidence of about 3% every year. More alarmingly, the incidence of T1DM among infants is also increasing, with children as young as 6 months succumbing to it, instead of that at a rather established vulnerable age of around seven and near puberty, when the hormones antagonize the action of insulin. These reports pose a unique challenge of developing efficient T1DM management system for the young children. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the largest country in the Middle East that occupies approximately four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula supporting a population of more than 33.3 million people, of whom 26% are under the age of 14 years. As per the Diabetes Atlas (8th edition), 35,000 children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia suffer from T1DM, which makes Saudi Arabia rank the 8th in terms of numbers of TIDM patients and 4th country in the world in terms of the incidence rate (33.5 per 100,000 individuals) of TIDM. However, in comparison with that in the developed countries, the number of research interventions on the prevalence, incidence, and the sociodemographic aspects of T1DM is woefully inadequate. In this review we discuss different aspects of T1DM in Saudi Arabia drawing on the published literature currently available.
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7

AlMazroa, Mohammad. "Cost of Diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Iproceedings 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): e10566. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10566.

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8

Alsuliman, Mohammed, Qi Zhang, Shelley Mishoe, and Praveen Durgampudi. "The Risk Factors for Physical Activity among Individuals Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences 11, no. 1 (2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/mjhs.2023.01.009.

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Background and Aims: In Saudi Arabia, diabetes is prevalent. Lack of physical activity (PA) is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide. However, there is little research on PA among Saudis with T2DM. The study aimed to investigate personal and cognitive-perceptual factors for PA among Saudis with T2DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 808 Saudi adults with T2DM from the Saudi Health Interview Survey (SHIS) for 2013. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to examine the risk factors for PA among Saudis with T2DM. Results: The prevalence of physical activity was 9.1% in Saudi adults with T2DM. In the adjusted models, younger age (AOR = 2.77), higher education (AOR = 3.14), and health professional support for treatment (AOR = 0.35) were predictors of physical activity. Conclusions: The study suggested further investigation on elders’ physical function and those who had low education. Healthcare providers should consider balancing between treatment and promoting lifestyle change for Saudi individuals with T2DM. In addition, Longitudinal studies with large sample size at national and regional levels are needed to further examine the personal and psychological risk factor in Saudis with T2DM.
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9

Almottowa, Hisham, Abbas Aldurayhim, Amer Alsaeri, Marooh Mnayan, Faisal Alghamdi, Theyab Alghamdi, Ohud Althagafi, Omar Alfaqih, Majid Al Sannaa, and Maram Hassan. "Rates of Amputations Among Diabetics in Saudi Arabia." JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE SCIENCES 02, no. 04 (2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.2401.

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According to the World Health Organization Saudi Arabia has the second highest diabetes rate in the Middle East and ranks seventh globally. Around 7 million people are diabetic, and almost 3 million have pre-diabetes, according to estimates. Perhaps even more concerning is the recent increase in diabetes cases reported in Saudi Arabia. In fact, diabetes has risen by ten times in Saudi Arabia during the last three centuries. Diabetic foot ulcer is the leading source of morbidity and prolonged hospitalization, with approximately twice the likelihood of amputations compared to ulcers that are not infected. Diabetic foot ulcer affects 6.3% of the world's population, with men being more prone to developing them. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about rates of amputation among diabetics in Saudi Arabia. Even though diabetes is a significant public health concern in the Middle East and North Africa area, with high incidence of diabetic foot problems, data on prevalence and mortality among this high-risk group is scarce. As the prevalence of the diabetes is increasing in Saudi Arabia so are the diabetes related complications and diabetic foot complications are becoming more common as well. To analyse the existing condition and audit the ongoing prevention programs, large community-based surveys must be conducted. Efforts must be made to minimize the risk of amputation as well as fatalities among diabetic foot problems patients
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10

Almottowa, Hisham, Abbas Aldurayhim, Amer Alsaeri, Marooh Mnayan, Faisal Alghamdi, Theyab Alghamdi, Ohud Althagafi, Omar Alfaqih, Majid Al Sannaa, and Maram Hassan. "Rates of Amputations Among Diabetics in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 04 (2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.2402.

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According to the World Health Organization Saudi Arabia has the second highest diabetes rate in the Middle East and ranks seventh globally. Around 7 million people are diabetic, and almost 3 million have pre-diabetes, according to estimates. Perhaps even more concerning is the recent increase in diabetes cases reported in Saudi Arabia. In fact, diabetes has risen by ten times in Saudi Arabia during the last three centuries. Diabetic foot ulcer is the leading source of morbidity and prolonged hospitalization, with approximately twice the likelihood of amputations compared to ulcers that are not infected. Diabetic foot ulcer affects 6.3% of the world's population, with men being more prone to developing them. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about rates of amputation among diabetics in Saudi Arabia. Even though diabetes is a significant public health concern in the Middle East and North Africa area, with high incidence of diabetic foot problems, data on prevalence and mortality among this high-risk group is scarce. As the prevalence of the diabetes is increasing in Saudi Arabia so are the diabetes related complications and diabetic foot complications are becoming more common as well. To analyse the existing condition and audit the ongoing prevention programs, large community-based surveys must be conducted. Efforts must be made to minimize the risk of amputation as well as fatalities among diabetic foot problems patients.
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11

Alhowaish, AbdulkarimK. "Economic costs of diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Family and Community Medicine 20, no. 1 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.108174.

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12

Naeem, Zahid. "Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 3 (September 2015): V—VI. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0024690.

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13

Eledrisi, Mohsen, Buthina Alhaj, Rifat Rehmani, Munera Alotaibi, Mahmoud Mustafa, Daad Akbar, and Shadia Matboli. "Quality of diabetes care in Saudi Arabia." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 78, no. 1 (October 2007): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2007.02.017.

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14

Sinclair, Jonathan, Hussein Ageely, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Abdulrahman Ahmed Hummadi, Hussain Darraj, Yahia Solan, Robert Allan, and Lindsay Bottoms. "Effects of a Home-Based Physical Activity Programme on Blood Biomarkers and Health-Related Quality of Life Indices in Saudi Arabian Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084468.

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is renowned for its high incidence of type-2 diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence rate of around 33%, which is expected to increase to 45.8% by 2030. Engagement in regular physical activity has been shown to significantly attenuate non-communicable diseases including type-2 diabetes. However, the overall rate of physical inactivity among Saudi Arabian adults is currently 80.5%, owing to time pressures, high-density traffic, poor air quality, lack of suitable exercise places/sports facilities, lack of social/friends support, gender, cultural barriers, low self-confidence, lack of time and environmental factors. Previous analyses have shown that home-based activity interventions can be effective. Therefore, given the aforementioned barriers to physical activity in Saudi Arabia; a home-based physical activity may be an ideal solution in type-2 diabetic patients. This manuscript describes the study protocol for a randomized control trial, examining the effects of a home-based physical activity intervention in Saudi Arabian adults with type-2 diabetes. The study will recruit 62 individuals with type-2 diabetes from the Jazan region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who will be individually randomized to either a physical activity or control group. This 24-week investigation will involve 12-weeks of physical activity in the physical activity group and feature three examination points i.e., baseline, 12-weeks and 24-weeks (follow-up). The primary study outcome is the between-group difference in blood HbA1c levels relative to controls. Secondary outcomes measures will be between-group differences in anthropometric, blood lipid, physical fitness, and patient-reported quality of life outcomes pertinent to type-2 diabetes. Statistical analysis will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial has been granted ethical approval by Jazan University, Health Research Ethics Committee (REF: 2177) and formally registered as a trial (NCT04937296). We expect dissemination of the study findings from this investigation to be through publication in a leading peer-reviewed journal.
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15

Robert, Asirvatham A., and Mohamed A. Al Dawish. "The Worrying Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: An Urgent Call to Action." Current Diabetes Reviews 16, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399815666190531093735.

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From last few years, the pervasiveness of diabetes mellitus (DM), in Saudi Arabia, is growing at a frightening rate. Overall, one-fourth of the adult population is affected by DM, which is further predicted to rise to more than double by the year 2030. The most alarming is possibly the escalation propensity of diabetes, in recent years, where a nearly ten-fold increase has been witnessed over the past thirty years in Saudi Arabia. However, the number of research arbitrations on the prevalence and incidence of DM is woefully inadequate, as compared to developed countries. Apart from this, most of the existing research data carried out in Saudi Arabia is cross-sectional, with small sample sizes, which most often involve only certain parts of the country. Consequently, the present scenario demands more multidimensional and multisectoral research to strengthen the evidence base and to accumulate greater knowledge as a basis for measures and programmes to confront diabetes and its complications. Thus, the present report makes an attempt to depict the current trend of diabetes as well as intends to put forward essential measures for controlling diabetes in Saudi Arabia.
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16

Rahim Memon, Ashfaque, Mohammad Akram Randhawa, Sami Owaid M Alshammari, Ahmed Badah Alanazi, Abdul Aziz Mayouf N Alshammari, Yosef Soltan H Alrawaili, and Yara Shargi K Alrawaili. "COMPLIANCE TO DIABETIC THERAPY;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 03 (March 7, 2017): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.03.1561.

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Objectives: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Arabian Peninsula has risen toa very high level especially in Saudi Arabia (32%). Compliance of diabetic patients’ towardstherapy is crucial for diabetic management. According to a study conducted at Riyadh,Saudi Arabia 83.4% of uncontrolled glycemic level (HbA1c ≥7%) patients did not follow therecommended dietary plan. Another factor for high rates of un-controlled diabetes was poorcompliance to medication. Present study was aimed to investigate awareness of disease anddrugs, as well as compliance to medication, dietary control and exercise in diabetic patientsreporting to a tertiary hospital at Arar, Saudi Arabia. Study Design: A cross sectional descriptivestudy. Setting: Diabetic center of Prince Abdul Aziz bin Mossaid hospital, Arar, Saudi Arabia.Period: November and December 2015. Methods: Patients’ awareness of disease and drugs,as well as compliance to medication, dietary control and exercise was investigated by using astructured questionnaire. Response to various questions was analyzed using SPSS programversion 16. Data was further correlated between variables via Fisher’s exact and chi-squaredtest. Result: Average awareness about disease and drugs was 56.5% and 23%, respectively.Overall compliance rates to medication, dietary control and exercise were 89.3%, 31% &28.5%, respectively. Positive association was found between awareness to disease/drugs andcompliance to therapy. Conclusion: The results of present study and similar studies conductedelsewhere indicate that patients’ awareness towards their disease and medication is directlyproportional to patients’ compliance. Adequate awareness programs should be arranged forbetter management of diabetes in the community.
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17

Alzahrani, Mohammed Abdullah A. "Teachers’ Knowledge of Diabetes and Attitudes towards Diabetic Students in the Primary Schools in Al Baha City in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.2p.156.

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The lifestyle in Saudi Arabia has changed significantly during the last few decades since oil was discovered in 1938. This discovery led to an economic revolution in Saudi Arabia. However, this resulted in people changing their eating habits, which included eating fast food due to their new work responsibilities. Therefore, some chronic diseases such as diabetes, which is one of the most widespread chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia, became more common. This study aims to investigate teachers’ attitudes towards diabetic pupils and teachers’ knowledge of diabetes as a chronic disease in governmental primary schools in a city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is a survey-based research study of the attitudes and teachers’ knowledge of diabetes and the research used a quantitative methodology to answer the research questions. The sample of the study consisted of 59 teachers in the governmental primary male schools with mixed background variables of, for example, majors, teaching experiences, and levels of education. The study used a questionnaire in order to achieve research questions. It included two scales: the teachers’ knowledge of diabetes and an attitude scale towards diabetic students as well as the items of these two-scale knowledge tests and attitude scale developed by the researcher. The findings demonstrate that there was not a statistical difference between the teachers’ knowledge test and their six different majors. On the other hand, the teaching experience had a positive impact on teachers’ attitude towards diabetic students. Although the negative correlation between teachers’ knowledge of diabetes and their attitude towards diabetic students was small, this value could still suggest a negative correlation. The current study can lead to increased awareness of teachers and educational policy-makers to take into consideration training teachers in some common chronic diseases such as diabetes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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18

El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Ziad A. Memish, Marwa Tuffaha, Farah Daoud, Margaret Robinson, Sara Jaber, Sarah Mikhitarian, et al. "Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: A National Survey." International Journal of Hypertension 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/564679.

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Current data on hypertension in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are lacking. We conducted a national survey to inform decision-makers on the current magnitude of the epidemic. We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 10,735 Saudis aged 15 years or older and interviewed them through a national multistage survey. We used multivariate logistic regressions to describe sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of hypertensive, borderline hypertensive, and undiagnosed hypertensive Saudis. We found that 15.2% and 40.6% of Saudis were hypertensive or borderline hypertensive, respectively. Risk of hypertension increased among men, with age, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. 57.8% of hypertensive Saudis were undiagnosed. These were more likely to be male, older, and diagnosed with diabetes. Among participants diagnosed with hypertension, 78.9% reported taking medication for their condition. About 45% of participants on medication for hypertension had their blood pressure controlled. The prevalence of hypertension and borderline hypertension is very high in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, control of hypertension is poor. With the majority of hypertensive Saudis being unaware of their condition, a national plan is needed to increase utilization of freely available screening, preventive, and medical services.
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Gazzaz, Zohair J., Mukhtiar Baig, Muhammad Adnan Kanpurwala, Tahir Jamil, Moaz A. Mojaddidi, and Manal A. Murad. "Eid-al-Fitr festivity and Ramadan fasting attitude among individuals with diabetes from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e054902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054902.

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ObjectivesThe present study aimed to assess the attitude of Saudi and Pakistani individuals with diabetes regarding Eid-al-Fitr festivities, exploring diabetes care during the month of Ramadan and these individuals’ dietary patterns on Eid day.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingJeddah (Saudi Arabia) and Karachi (Pakistan).ParticipantsOf the total 405 subjects, 204 individuals with diabetes from Saudi Arabia (SA) and 201 from Pakistan (Pak) were enrolled.Data collection and analysisThis survey-based study was carried out in SA and Pak after Eid-al-Fitr 2020. An online questionnaire was circulated via various social media platforms. The data analyses were performed using SPSS V.26.ResultsThere were 80 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 325 subjects with type 2 DM. Among our study subjects, 73 were on insulin, 260 were on oral antidiabetics (OADs) and 72 were taking both OADs and insulin. Two-thirds of the participants, 276 (68%) visited their physicians before Ramadan. Many participants (175, 43.2%) broke their fast a day or more because of diabetes. Many participants consumed sugary food on Eid day. The use of chocolates, sugary foods and fresh juices on Eid-al-Fitr was higher in Saudi subjects than in Pakistani ones (p<0.001). Saudi subjects with diabetes adhered more strictly to medications during Ramadan than Pakistani subjects (p=0.01). Saudi participants were more compliant with monitoring DM during Eid-al-Fitr compared with Pakistani subjects. Many participants in both groups felt stressed or depressed and stated that their Eid celebrations were restrictive because of their DM conditions.ConclusionsMost Saudi and Pakistani participants enjoyed Eid celebrations by abstaining from dietary restrictions. The sugar consumption attitude during Eid day was not up to the mark. Many subjects broke their fasts for a day or more because of diabetes. Saudis were more vigilant in monitoring DM than Pakistanis during Eid-al-Fitr. Individuals with diabetes should consult their physicians before Ramadan for checkups and counselling.
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20

Fatani, H. H., S. A. Mira, and A. G. El-Zubier. "Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Saudi Arabia." Diabetes Care 10, no. 2 (March 1, 1987): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.10.2.180.

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21

Nugroho, Rakhamanto Wahyu, Suharyo Hadisaputro, Widiastuti Samekto, Sugiri Sugiri, and Djoko Trihadi Lukmono. "Berbagai Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Rawat Inap Jemaah Diabetes Melitus di Arab Saudi (Studi Kasus Kontrol di Embarkasi Adisumarmo)." Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas 2, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.e.k.k.v2i2.3998.

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Background : Given the magnitude of high-risk DM throughout Hajj embarkation and pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia, we need for prevention and control of DM pilgrims hospitalization case in Saudi Arabia. To prevent and control the incidence of hospitalization, public and the government needs to know the various factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization.Methods : The study was observational with case control study design. The study population is the assembly of DM in Adisumarmo Hajj embarkation. Number of samples of 135 people with 45 cases and 90 controls. The dependent variable is inpatient diabetic in Saudi Arabia , the independent variable is demographics (age, gender, education level), comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, dyslipidemia, stroke, obesity), behavior (compliance with diet and medication), the knowledge, long suffered diabetic, environment (temperature and duration in Saudi Arabia.Results : Most respondents had long suffered from diabetes. The level of compliance of respondents to the diet DM and DM medication adherence is good. Multivariate factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization DM pilgrims in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence (p=0.001, OR=14,95% CI= 2.78 to 70.97 ) and knowledge (p = 0.003, OR = 6.5; 95% CI=0.59 to 4.51).Conclusion : Factors that influence the incidence of DM pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence and knowledge.
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Nugroho, Rakhamanto Wahyu, Suharyo Hadisaputro, Widiastuti Samekto, Sugiri Sugiri, and Djoko Trihadi Lukmono. "Berbagai Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Rawat Inap Jemaah Diabetes Melitus di Arab Saudi (Studi Kasus Kontrol di Embarkasi Adisumarmo)." Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas 2, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jekk.v2i2.3998.

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Background : Given the magnitude of high-risk DM throughout Hajj embarkation and pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia, we need for prevention and control of DM pilgrims hospitalization case in Saudi Arabia. To prevent and control the incidence of hospitalization, public and the government needs to know the various factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization.Methods : The study was observational with case control study design. The study population is the assembly of DM in Adisumarmo Hajj embarkation. Number of samples of 135 people with 45 cases and 90 controls. The dependent variable is inpatient diabetic in Saudi Arabia , the independent variable is demographics (age, gender, education level), comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, dyslipidemia, stroke, obesity), behavior (compliance with diet and medication), the knowledge, long suffered diabetic, environment (temperature and duration in Saudi Arabia.Results : Most respondents had long suffered from diabetes. The level of compliance of respondents to the diet DM and DM medication adherence is good. Multivariate factors that influence the incidence of hospitalization DM pilgrims in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence (p=0.001, OR=14,95% CI= 2.78 to 70.97 ) and knowledge (p = 0.003, OR = 6.5; 95% CI=0.59 to 4.51).Conclusion : Factors that influence the incidence of DM pilgrims hospitalization in Saudi Arabia is a dietary adherence and knowledge.
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Awan, Kamran Habib, Emad M. Hadlaq, Ziyad T. Faraj, Fahad M. Al Gamdi, Faisal A. Al Obathani, and Mashael F. Abuabat. "Early Screening of Diabetes and Hypertension in Primary Care Dental Clinics at King Saud University in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 8 (2017): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2101.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the leading chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia; 23.1% of the Saudi population are diabetic and 25.5% are hypertensive. This cross-sectional study was made on dental setting to determine the effectiveness of screening of diabetes and hypertension in dental clinics. Materials and methods This study was carried out in the primary care dental clinics at the Dental College in King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Before starting any treatment, a face-to-face interview was administered to collect a brief medical history and personal data followed by measurement of body mass index (BMI). After that, blood pressure level reading was obtained using electrical sphygmomanometer. Finally, a glucose level reading was obtained from capillary blood from the patient's third fingertip using glucose reader. Results Our study included 283 participants, 118 of whom were females (41.7%). Our study showed that a significant amount of the participants are at risk of having hypertension (44.8%). In addition, a significant number (10.2%) of the participants are at risk of having diabetes. Furthermore, 35.7% of the sample had obesity as a risk factor for diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion The dental team can play an important role in screening of diabetes, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. In Saudi Arabia, public awareness of the chronic diseases is still critically insufficient. Clinical significance Our study showed the importance of the screening even for patients with negative history of diabetes or hypertension. How to cite this article Hadlaq EM, Faraj ZT, Al Gamdi FM, Al Obathani FA, Abuabat MF, Awan KH. Early Screening of Diabetes and Hypertension in Primary Care Dental Clinics at King Saud University in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):652-659.
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Alharbi, Raed Abdullah. "Analysis of prevalence and incidence trends of diabetes mellitus in Majmaah city, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia: A trend of 3 years retrospective study (2017-2019)." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 5 (May 2021): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.05.010.

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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) remains a global disease and prevalent among 415 million people. Saudi Arabia is the second-highest country in the Middle East region and the seventh in the world in its prevalence rate. Population-based prevalence and incidence data are ultimate to evaluate the effects of prevention strategies for diabetes and such relevant studies in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Quantification of prevalence and incidence of DM is significant in rural-based populations to allow for clinical resource management. Therefore, this study is designed to determine the prevalence of diabetes among the population of Majmaah city, in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia in the past three years (2017-2019) and compare them with prevalence and incidence rates in Saudi Arabia. The data of patients with DM for the past three years were collected from archives of King Khaled hospital in Majmaah city and analyzed with different statistical methods frequency distribution using SAS software. DM's annual incidence (AI), incidence rate (IR), and average annual incidence (AAI) with confidence intervals of 95% are reported. It was found that incidence rates of both type 1 and type 2 DM of all age groups have increased in the last three years. The incidence rate of type 1 DM patients has increased by 20.23% while in type 2 DM has increased by 9.31%. Finally, this study suggested that DM trends among the population in Majmaah city are consistently increasing year by year and it is also in line with the trend of the whole Saudi Arabia irrespective of gender and age.
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M. Alotaibi, Nawaf. "Vitamin-D Deficiency among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Northern Borders Area of Saudi Arabia." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592733.

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Diabetes mellitus, a chronic illness, is characterized by pancreatic and insulin dysfunction. Under the influence of sunlight, vitamin D (V-D) is produced in the skin in a non-enzymatic manner. Furthermore, V-D can be obtained via fish or plant sources. Different studies conducted in Saudi Arabia have been shown high occurrence of V-D inadequacy. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both linked to V-D insufficiency. Still, this relationship's causality is unknown. A growing body of research suggests that changes in V-D and calcium homeostasis may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to ascertain the occurrence of V-D deficiency in the Northern borders (NB) of Saudi Arabia and to verify the connection between V-D deficiency and other features of study subjects. During the period from July 2018 to February 2019, a cross-sectional study was carried out. A random sampling method was employed to choose the required numbers of subjects who have type 1 or type II diabetes and are registered in NB region health centers and hospitals. The sample size was calculated using the one-sample proportion formula and the results of similar studies. These results revealed the situation in the NB Region of Saudi Arabia among diabetic patients and highlight the importance of addressing the issue. The correlation between V-D and hypertension was also found in the study, requiring further investigation and explanation. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; vitamin D deficiency; hypertension; Saudi Arabia
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Alshaikh, Mashael K., Filippos T. Filippidis, Juren P. Baldove, Azeem Majeed, and Salman Rawaf. "Women in Saudi Arabia and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7479357.

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Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in Saudi Arabia. Saudi women in particular are more susceptible as there are sociocultural restrictions on female physical activities that may lead to high prevalence of CVD risks, especially obesity, and physical inactivity. This study aims to systematically review the published articles related to the prevalence of CVD risk among women in Saudi Arabia. The search strategy covers all published articles that assess the risk factor of CVD in Saudi Arabia from January 2000 to December 2015, using the following sources: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. A total of 61 studies were included.Results.Prevalence among Saudi women of smoking ranged from 1.1% to 9.1%, hypertension was 21.8%, diabetes ranged from 9.6% to 27.6%, overweight was 27%, and obesity was 40.23%, and physical inactivity ranged from 53.2% to 98.1%. Hypercholesterolemia prevalence on Saudi women on average was 24.5%, while metabolic syndrome ranged from 13.6% to 40.3%.Conclusion. The prevalence of CVD risk factors is high among women in Saudi Arabia especially in obesity and physical inactivity. Public health authorities must implement solutions from a gender specific aspect to reverse the trend and decrease the prevalence of CVDs among Saudi women.
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Al Kathiry, Dalal Abdulaziz, Fatima Al Slail, Khaled Al-Surimi, and Raghib Abusaris. "The Impact of Financial Incentives on Behavior and Self-Management of Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: Pre- and Post-Quasiexperimental Study." Global Journal on Quality and Safety in Healthcare 4, no. 3 (June 8, 2021): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36401/jqsh-20-45.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Noncommunicable diseases are one of the main challenges that affect health worldwide and have been found to be increasing in both low- and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of financial incentives and a comprehensive care program focusing on patients' behavior and self-management of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥ 7), as well as modifiable risk factors for disease complications in a Saudi Arabian population. Methods This quasiexperimental study, using a pre- and postevaluation approach, was used to compare the level of HbA1c among patients with uncontrolled diabetes before and after the financial incentives and comprehensive care program were implemented. Financial awards were given to patients who achieved a significantly greater decrease in HbA1c levels with his/her responsible physician. The study population included 702 Saudi Arabian patients with type 2 diabetes from 14 regions and 34 primary healthcare centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All of these patients (≥ 15 years old) with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who attended local primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia for a follow-up visit from February to October 2018. Results The mean age, in years, of the sample was 56.14 (± SD = 9.909); slightly more than half of the patients 401 (57.1%) were females. Most of the participants 645 (91.9%) were married, and 381(54.3%) patients were housewives. Linear mixed modeling revealed that all groups showed improvements over time in the primary outcome of HbA1c levels (p = 0.009), Including the secondary outcomes of body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.04, &lt; 0.001, 0.019 respectively). Conclusions Patient behavior was improved, which was reflected by decreases in HbA1c, body mass index, and blood pressure levels. A comprehensive care program is recommended by healthcare providers to increase awareness among patients with diabetes to reduce other risk factors. These kinds of interventions positively motivate patients with diabetes to control their health measurements and to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
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Alhowimel, Ahmed S., Reem M. Alfaifi, Abdulkarim A. Alluhaybi, Majed A. Alanazi, Khalid M. Alanazi, Nouf S. Almathami, Sarah H. Almedhwah, et al. "Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Associated Risk Factors among Saudi Arabian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 11217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811217.

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Low back pain is the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition. Studies on adolescent low back pain are scarce, with no research to determine its prevalence in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of low back pain in Saudi Arabian adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi Arabian high school students, which included demographic data, medical and low back pain history. The completed survey by 2000 participants showcased 57.9% of students experiencing low back pain in the last 12 months. This included 31.2% men and 26.7% women. This study found a link between low back pain and age, clinical symptoms of diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, thyroid disease, arthritis, and back surgery, a family history of low back pain, as well as smoking. There is substantial prevalence of low back pain in Saudi Arabian adolescents. This study identified several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors stemming from adolescent low back pain.
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Al Mansour, Mohammed Abdullah. "The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) in a Semi-Urban Saudi Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010007.

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(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem in Saudi Arabia, causing a huge burden for individuals, families, and communities. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus among a semi-urban population of Saudi Arabia. (2) Research methods: The research design was cross-sectional, and the research was conducted in five primary health care centers (PHCC) in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was calculated as 353. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data after obtaining ethical approval. Blood samples were taken to assess glucose levels and other variables. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze data. (3) Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 34.6%. The disease was more prevalent among the older respondents compared with the younger age groups (44.6% versus 15.6%). We found that females acquire the disease at a slightly higher rate than males (34.9% versus 34.2%), but this difference is not statistically significant. The sociodemographic risk factors of the disease were as follows: old age (44%), business and private occupation (38.5%), divorced or widowed (56.3%), and low income (42.4%). The health behaviors factors were as follows: overweight or obese status (42.3%), high triglycerides (TG) (43.4%), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (37.3%), and high total cholesterol (23.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in these risk factors between patients with and without diabetes. (4) Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the semi-urban population of Saudi Arabia is high. The disease is more prevalent among elderly respondents and is associated with obesity, high TG, low HDL, and high total cholesterol.
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El-Hazmi, Mohsen A. F., A. S. Warsy, A. R. Al-Swailem, A. M. Al-Swailem, R. Sulaimani, and Abdul Aziz Al-Meshari. "Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Saudi Arabia." Annals of Saudi Medicine 16, no. 4 (July 1996): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1996.381.

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Al‐Khader, Abdullah A. "Impact of diabetes in renal diseases in Saudi Arabia." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 2132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/16.11.2132.

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AlHaidar, Adwa M., Norah A. AlShehri, and Munira A. AlHussaini. "Family Support and Its Association with Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (March 23, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5151604.

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The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among children in Saudi Arabia is increasing with unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, in addition to pharmacotherapy, other measures should be studied regarding psychological aspects mainly among adolescents. The family, which acts as the primary caregiver at this age, may play a major role in disease management. Thus, this study is aimed at assessing the perception of adolescents about the behaviors of their families initially and at investigating the correlation between these behaviors and glycemic control. Up to our knowledge, there was no study in Saudi Arabia that addressed this issue previously. This cross-sectional observational study assessed adolescents aged 10–19 years diagnosed with T1DM on insulin and receiving follow-up care at the King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected via telephone interview and the verified “Modified Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire-Family version”. Glycemic control was then assessed using the most recent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level recorded in their electronic files. Fifty-six adolescents participated in this study with an equal sex distribution (each n=28). Almost all participants were Saudis, and the majority were living in Riyadh (n=41). The mean age was 16.1±2.41 years with a mean of 6.1±4.14 years history of diabetes. The mean HbA1c level was 9.6±2.12%. Participants perceived all behaviors as supportive with “support in critical situations” being the highest (77.3%) and the only factor significantly related to HbA1c (p=0.017). Age was significantly related to all factors (p>0.05). Family plays a major role in the management of diabetes. Their supportive behaviors are perceived by their family members diagnosed with T1DM, but there has been no optimal association with disease control. However, the involvement of the family can aid in decreasing possible complications of the disease by intervening in critical situations.
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Alsanad, Saud, Tamer Aboushanab, Mohammed Khalil, and Osama A. Alkhamees. "A Descriptive Review of the Prevalence and Usage of Traditional and Complementary Medicine among Saudi Diabetic Patients." Scientifica 2018 (August 29, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6303190.

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Diabetes mellitus represents a major burden in Saudi Arabia where seven million (20% of population) are living with diabetes. This article reviews the literature on usage of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) therapies among Saudi diabetic patients, focusing in particular on identifying the prevalence as well as discussing their safety and efficacy. Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect) were searched prior to December 10, 2017, for articles published in peer-reviewed journals that reported primary data on the use of traditional and complementary medicine therapies among diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Six studies were selected according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. In conclusion, the prevalence of use of T&CM therapies among diabetics in Saudi Arabia was 32.18%. This review identified that the most used T&CM therapy among diabetics was herbal treatment. The most used herbs were fenugreek, black seeds, neem, myrrh, helteet, harmel, and aloes. There is insufficient or little evidence to support the efficacy of the most identified herbs and therapies. This review is raising the safety concerns about the used herbs and complementary therapies which were commonly used without any medical consultation.
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Mirghani, Hyder Osman, and Abdelmoneum Saleh. "Diabetes Risk among Medical Students in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia." Dubai Diabetes and Endocrinology Journal 26, no. 1 (2020): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507245.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Diabetes risk estimation is essential for the implementation of preventive measures. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aimed to assess the diabetes risk among medical students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This cross-sectional study was conducted among 169 medical students in the Medical College, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, from October 2017 to April 2018. Participants signed a written informed consent and then responded to a questionnaire modified from the Finnish and the ARABRISK diabetes score. The questionnaire consisted of eight components inquiring about age, BMI, central adiposity, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity if found to have high blood pressure or blood sugar, and family history of diabetes mellitus. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Out of 169 students (68% with a family history of diabetes), obesity and overweight were found in 21.3 and 26.6%, respectively, 45.6% had central adiposity, more than half were not practicing exercise daily, and 60.4% were not consuming fruits and vegetables daily. A significant percentage was found to have high blood sugar (9.5%) and high blood pressure (4.7%). The diabetes risk score was high or moderate in 16% of the students. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Medical students in Tabuk City were at high risk for diabetes mellitus. Obesity, overweight, central adiposity, physical inactivity, and less consumption of fruits and vegetables substantially contributed to the risk. Measures to prevent obesity, improving fruit and vegetable consumption, and exercise are needed.
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Hu, Yang, Balkees A. Bakhotmah, Owiss H. Alzahrani, Dong Wang, Frank B. Hu, and Hasan A. Alzahrani. "Predictors of diabetes foot complications among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 106, no. 2 (November 2014): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2014.07.016.

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Almutairi, Entissar S., and Maysam F. Abbod. "Machine Learning Methods for Diabetes Prevalence Classification in Saudi Arabia." Modelling 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/modelling4010004.

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Machine learning algorithms have been widely used in public health for predicting or diagnosing epidemiological chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, which is classified as an epi-demic due to its high rates of global prevalence. Machine learning techniques are useful for the processes of description, prediction, and evaluation of various diseases, including diabetes. This study investigates the ability of different classification methods to classify diabetes prevalence rates and the predicted trends in the disease according to associated behavioural risk factors (smoking, obesity, and inactivity) in Saudi Arabia. Classification models for diabetes prevalence were developed using different machine learning algorithms, including linear discriminant (LD), support vector machine (SVM), K -nearest neighbour (KNN), and neural network pattern recognition (NPR). Four kernel functions of SVM and two types of KNN algorithms were used, namely linear SVM, Gaussian SVM, quadratic SVM, cubic SVM, fine KNN, and weighted KNN. The performance evaluation in terms of the accuracy of each developed model was determined, and the developed classifiers were compared using the Classification Learner App in MATLAB, according to prediction speed and training time. The experimental results on the predictive performance analysis of the classification models showed that weighted KNN performed well in the prediction of diabetes prevalence rate, with the highest average accuracy of 94.5% and less training time than the other classification methods, for both men and women datasets.
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Alharthi, Ahmad S., Khalid A. Althobaiti, and Khaled A. Alswat. "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge Assessment among Saudi Women." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 8 (August 19, 2018): 1522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.284.

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BACKGROUND: IDF estimates that 16.2% of women giving live births in 2015 had some form of hyperglycemia during pregnancy. In Saudi, a study estimated that the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is 39.4%.AIM: We aimed to assess Saudi women's GDM knowledge and awareness.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and December 2016 in Saudi Arabia using a validated questionnaire that included 12 questions focused on awareness and knowledge about GDM. Their responses were scored, and participants were divided poor knowledge (≤ 4/12) fair/good knowledge (≥ 5/12).RESULTS: A total of 9002 adult female participated. Mean age was 27.8 ± 7.9, and they were mainly married urban residents with bachelor's degrees or higher. The mean overall score was 5.5 ± 2.5 with most of them in the fair GDM knowledge category. Participants were mostly aware of the GDM risk factors (54%) while they were least aware of the GDM diagnosis (15.9%). Multigravida and a prior history of GDM were the two risk factors about which participants were most aware (67.7%). Compared to those with poor knowledge, those with fair/good knowledge were more likely to live in urban areas, live in the central region of Saudi Arabia, work in medical fields, and be married, educated, and have personal and/or family histories of chronic diseases (all P values < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Our study showed a high prevalence of poor awareness and knowledge, mainly in those areas relating to GDM diagnosis.
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Jar, Alabbas, Abdulrahman Ibrahim, Ali Alshehri, Norah Alrumyyan, Etemad AlSaif, Khozam Alshahrani, Bader Basakran, et al. "Awareness of Oral Health in Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 11 (2022): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.21105.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) consists of a clinically heterogenous array of metabolic conditions hallmarked by hyperglycemia caused by defective insulin secretion, action, or both. DM can cause various oral complications such as salivary gland dysfunction, infections including candidiasis, delayed wound healing, increased caries susceptibility, gingival and periodontal diseases, lichen planus and burning mouth disorders. Inadequate oral public health awareness of the connection between diabetes and oro-dental health issues has been noted in many studies from across the globe. Based on the current literature, it is evident that oral health is not prioritized by the majority of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi diabetic patients with lesser education demonstrate lower awareness levels about oral health issues in general. Similarly, more older patients have been seen to possess less oral health awareness relative to their younger counterparts. Further, they have been found to be less compliant towards meeting dental appointment targets and adopting recommended oral hygiene practices as compared to other populations studied in the Western nations. Also, non-professional advice has been noted as the dominant outlet of dental health information in case of most Saudi patients with diabetes. It is vital to reinforce the need for routinely visits to dentists for education on oral health when patients visit their diabetic clinic. Organization of structured patient education programs targeting all age groups and different types of diabetes is necessary to improve oral health awareness. It is also vital that individuals are provided with the latest recommendations on methods to practice oral health related self-care techniques in order to minimize the risk of periodontal destruction and tooth loss, thereby reducing the burden of dental illnesses on the Saudi health infrastructure.
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Senitan, Mohammed, Ali Hassan Alhaiti, James Gillespie, Badar Faiz Alotaibi, and George Binh Lenon. "The Referral System between Primary and Secondary Health Care in Saudi Arabia for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review." Journal of Diabetes Research 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4183604.

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Background. In Saudi Arabia, the mortality of diabetes is currently reported at 6%. A well-administered referral system is crucial in aiding the management of this disease. Method. A single reviewer employed a systematic approach to searching the literature databases with regard to the question: what are the attributes of referral systems in Saudi Arabia for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)? The results were analysed in order to provide recommendations to improve the Saudi health system. Results. Twelve primary studies were identified from a systematic search. Overall, the 12 studies did not clearly mention any of the factors of a good referral system. The referral problems identified by this study included patients’ unnecessary requests for referral, unstructured referral letters, and unclear dissemination guidelines for referral. Conclusions. This research attempted to identify the efficiency of the referral processes that were implemented for patients with T2D. The majority of the included studies were completely silent on the main referral factors for patients. If this review is representative of the referral system in Saudi Arabia, then, in the context of T2D, current referrals are unsafe. Further research on the quality of the referral system, taking into account at least some of the WHO referral guidelines, is required.
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Hetaimish, Bandar M., Eyad A. Alakkas, Khalid F. Alharbi, Abdulrahman M Alradadi, Habib Y. Aletani, Abdullah M. Baslaim, and Ahmed Q. Alturkistany. "Comorbidities and indications for total hip arthroplasty at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia." MOJ Orthopedics & Rheumatology 12, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojor.2020.12.00519.

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Objectives: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most effective orthopedic interventions for the treatment of patients with advanced‑ stage hip disease. However, reports regarding indications for primary THA in Saudi Arabia are limited. We aimed to evaluate primary indications for THA and identify associated chronic diseases and postoperative complications in THA patients at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. These are important to provide knowledge on types of hip diseases and variables that may affect the outcome of this intervention in the Saudi population. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of THA cases performed between 2010 and 2019 at a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia. Retrieved data include patients’ ages at the time of surgery, chronic diseases, presurgical diagnosis, site and duration of surgery, and postoperative complications. Results: We identified 83 patients who had undergone primary THA; in regard to comorbidities, 32.5% and 30.1% had hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. The most common indication for THA was degenerative hip osteoarthritis (50.6%), followed by post-traumatic arthritis (22.9%) and hip avascular necrosis (20.5%). Conclusion: Despite the high rate of trauma and accidents in Saudi Arabia, degenerative osteoarthritis remains the most common indication for primary THA. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis is identified as the second major indication for THA.
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Alqahtani, Ali S., Riaz Ullah, and Abdelaaty A. Shahat. "Bioactive Constituents and Toxicological Evaluation of Selected Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants of Saudi Arabia." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (January 17, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7123521.

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The purpose of this review is to summarize the available antidiabetic medicinal plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with its phytoconstituents and toxicological findings supporting by the latest literature. Required data about medicinal plants having antidiabetic activities and growing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were searched/collected from the online databases including Wiley, Google, PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Keywords used in search are in vivo antidiabetic activities, flora of Saudi Arabia, active ingredients, toxicological evaluations, and medicinal plants. A total of 50 plant species belonging to 27 families were found in the flora of Saudi Arabia. Dominant family was found Lamiaceae with 5 species (highest) followed by Moraceae with 4 species. β-Amyrin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol are the very common bioactive constituents of these selected plant species. This paper has presented a list of antidiabetic plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Bioactive antidiabetic phytoconstituents which showed that these plants have hypoglycemic effects and highly recommended for further pharmacological purposes and to isolate/identify antidiabetes mellitus (anti-DM) active agents also need to investigate the side effects of active ingredients.
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Fatani, H. H., S. A. Mira, and A. G. El-Zubier. "Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Saudi Arabia: A Reply." Diabetes Care 11, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.11.3.297a.

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Alotaibi, Mohammed, Lamia Alibrahim, and Nouf Alharbi. "Challenges associated with treating children with diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 120 (October 2016): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.08.015.

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Alkhier Ahmed, A. "Epidemioloqy of diabetes mellitus diabetic foot problems in Saudi Arabia." Avances en Diabetología 26, no. 1 (February 2010): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1134-3230(10)61007-1.

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Ai-Rubeaan, Khalid Ali. "Dietary changes among diabetes patients during ramadan in Saudi Arabia." Practical Diabetes International 15, S1 (January 1998): S6—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pdi.1960150907.

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Abouammoh, Noura A., and Muteb A. Alshamrani. "Knowledge about Diabetes and Glycemic Control among Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (March 7, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1239735.

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The prevalence of diabetes in various regions has attracted significant attention of the medical experts. The prevalence of diabetes is expected to increase in the future due to changes in lifestyle and unhealthy diets of individuals. The objective of the study is to identify the extent of knowledge related to diabetes and glycemic controls in various diabetic patients living in Saudi Arabia. A total of 435 patients were recruited using a random sampling technique, while following a cross-sectional design. Patients’ knowledge was tested using the Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test. Findings of the study illustrated that the problem was common among middle-aged male patients. A significant amount of knowledge related to the consumption of medicines, insulin, healthy diet, etc. was found among diabetic patients. Despite the fact that people have adequate knowledge, valuable attention is yet required to provide necessary counselling to people living in Saudi Arabia that may help them to control health risks and mortality.
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Ahmad, Adeel, Geraldine McLeod, Nada Al Zahrani, and Haneen Al Zahrani. "Screening for High Risk of Sleep Apnea in an Ambulatory Care Setting in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030459.

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Sleep apnea is a potentially serious but under-diagnosed sleep disorder. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, which are all major risk factors for sleep apnea. However, few studies report screening for sleep apnea in Saudi Arabia. A three-month prospective, questionnaire-based study, using the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), screened 319 patients attending a family medicine clinic in Saudi Arabia for risk of sleep apnea. The results showed that when using the BQ and the ESS, 95 (29.8%) and 102 (32.0%) respondents were at high risk of sleep apnea. Taken together, the BQ and the ESS combined measure showed that 41 (12.9%) respondents were classified as high risk for sleep apnea. Logistic regression revealed that the high risk of sleep apnea was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) associated with respondent characteristics of obesity and hypertension. No associations were found between high risk for sleep apnea and: Smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or hyperlipidemia. Screening for sleep apnea using the BQ and ESS questionnaires, particularly among those who are obese or hypertensive, can be a fast, valid and acceptable way of alerting the physician to this disorder among patients.
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48

Alkhormi, Abdulrhman H., Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Abdulrahman Hummadi, Wali A. Hakami, Doha H. Alattas, Hassan Q. Alhafaf, Leena E. Kardly, and Mulook A. Mashhoor. "Psychological Health and Diabetes Self-Management among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes during COVID-19 in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia." Medicina 58, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050675.

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Background and objectives: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia is high and rising steeply. However, the management of type 2 diabetic patients has largely employed a medical approach and ignored the self-care management approach. This observation has even been obscured further by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the psychological health of these patients. This study aimed to understand the effects of psychological health and DSM on type 2 diabetic patients in the Jazan region during COVID-19. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was employed in this study. Participants were type 2 diabetic patients from the diabetic center at Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The Arabic-translated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Depression and anxiety were higher in females compared to males and were more reported by participants from urban compared to rural settings. Smoking and Khat chewing were inappropriate diabetic self-care management practices while exercising was appropriate. A negative correlation was observed between depression vs. health care utilization, and depression vs. diabetic self-care management. Anxiety results also showed similar findings to that of depression. Additionally, depression and anxiety were easily predicted by urban residence, and diabetic self-care management was predicted by exercise. Conclusions: Adequate self-care behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes is needed. Medical professionals should ensure improved efforts to accurately ascertain how an individual can implement the recommended lifestyle changes and facilitate self-care education.
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49

Almutairi, Dakheelallah, Raneem Alqahtani, Arwa Alghamdi, Dina Binammar, Suzan Alzaidi, Abdullah Ghafori, and Hassan Alsharif. "Tracheotomy Outcomes in 71 COVID-19 Patients: A Multi-Centric Study in Saudi Arabia." Clinics and Practice 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract11040109.

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Since its outbreak in late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has seen a sharp rise in the demand for oxygen and ventilation facilities due to the associated extensive damage that it causes to the lungs. This study is considered the first and largest study in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the outcomes of tracheostomy in intubated COVID-19 patients. This is a retrospective, observational cohort study that was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, Western Region, Saudi Arabia and King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The findings of the study revealed that seventy-one patients with COVID-19 underwent tracheotomy between 1 March 2020 and 31 October 2020. The average period between intubation and tracheostomy was 9.97 days. Hypertension, diabetes, lung disease and obesity (BMI > 30) were significant risk factors of mortality. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 38.4%.
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50

Hobani, Yahya Hasan, Shiju Mathew, and Hassan Ali Samsam. "Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension & Associated Factor’s among students of Jazan in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i4.13921.

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Background: Health-related issues has been one of the major factor of concern for the death since the last three decades in Saudi Arabia which includes diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other associated factors are considered as major risk factors. The investigation on the prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and associated factors among students of Jazan, Saudi Arabia is an alarm for the hidden possible health threat among the students in the younger age. Methods: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Diabetes, Hypertension and associated factors in fifty students of Jazan in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through interview using a structured questionnaire followed by clinical examination. Clinical practice methods were followed to estimate Cholesterol, Body Mass Index (BMI), weight, Diabetes and Hypertension from the sample. Results: A high percentage of participants i.e. 70% are pre diabetes, which is partly due to a more sedentary lifestyle and smoking and weight gain. 62% of participants reported no physical exercise in daily life. Habit of smoking is present among 44% of the participants over weight and obesity showed as 24% and 16% respectively. The high blood pressure among the participants was 36% and 64% were prehypertensive. Obesity and weight assessed by using Body Mass Index. The result showed 52% among the participants were in normal weight, 24% were overweight and 16% were obese. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Smoking, physical inactivity, obesity and cholesterol level were associated with the risk of Pre-hypertension, hypertension, pre-diabetics and diabetics.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 708-713
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