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Journal articles on the topic 'Diabetes in India'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Das, Ashok Kumar, Viswanathan Mohan, Ambady Ramachandran, Sanjay Kalra, Ambrish Mithal, Rakesh Sahay, Mangesh Tiwaskar, et al. "An Expert Group Consensus Statement on “Approach and Management of Prediabetes in India”." Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 70, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/japi-11001-0162.

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The prevalence of prediabetes, a forerunner of diabetes is very high, and its conversion to diabetes is also more rapid among Asian Indians. Prediabetes also predisposes to the development of macrovascular and to a lesser extent of microvascular complications of diabetes. In a large community-based epidemiological study, the Indian Council of Medical Research–India Diabetes (ICMR–INDIAB), data reported an overall prevalence of prediabetes of 10.3%, derived from 15 Indian states. This shows that the diabetes epidemic is far from over as many of them may soon convert to diabetes. Prediabetes, however, should not be considered a path to diabetes rather it should be a window of opportunity for the prevention of diabetes. This early screening, detection, and treatment of prediabetes should be made a national priority. Several countries have introduced lifestyle programs to prevent diabetes and, when indicated, pharmacological intervention with metformin as well. This consensus statement outlines the approaches to screening and lifestyle and pharmacological management of prediabetes in Asian Indians.

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Shah, Viral N., and Viswanathan Mohan. "Diabetes in India." Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity 22, no. 4 (August 2015): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/med.0000000000000166.

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3

Diamond, Jared. "Diabetes in India." Nature 469, no. 7331 (January 2011): 478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/469478a.

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4

Mohan, V., T. Kaur, M. Deepa, A. Bhansali, RM Anjana, R. Pradeepa, SR Joshi, et al. "Knowledge and awareness of diabetes in urban and rural India: The Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes Study (Phase I): Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes 4." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 18, no. 3 (2014): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.131191.

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5

Singh, U. "Prevalence of diabetes and other health related problems across India and worldwide: An overview." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.825.

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Diabetes mellitus is a major source of mortality and morbidity along with an economic menace all over the world. In 2000, prevalence of diabetes worldwide was 171,000,000 and in 2030, it will be 366,000,000, nearly one in ten people globally will have some form of diabetes by 2035. There are some 382 million people living with the disease, but that could jump 55% by 2035. The total number of people in India with diabetes to be around 50.8 million in 2010, rising to 87.0 million by 2030 and it is estimated that by 2040 the numbers will increase upto 123.5 million. It has estimated that the prevalence of diabetes in rural populations is one-quarter that of urban population for India and other Indian sub-continent countries such as Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. Indian Council of Medical research (ICMR) revealed that a lower proportion of the population is affected in states of Northern India (Chandigarh 0.12 million, Jharkhand 0.96 million) as compared to Maharashtra (9.2 million) and Tamil Nadu (4.8 million). The National Urban Survey conducted across the metropolitan cities of India reported similar trend: 11.7 per cent in Kolkata (Eastern India), 6.1 per cent in Kashmir Valley (Northern India), 11.6 per cent in New Delhi (Northern India), and 9.3 per cent in West India (Mumbai) compared with (13.5 per cent in Chennai (South India), 16.6 per cent in Hyderabad (south India), and 12.4 per cent Bangalore (South India). Strengthening of health promotion activitiesin different settings, preventive health screening package, better treatment facilities and effective implementation can cure these problems worldwide.

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Thanawala, Uday, Hema Divakar, Rajesh Jain, and Mukesh M. Agarwal. "Negotiating Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India: A National Approach." Medicina 57, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090942.

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The worldwide epidemic of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) presents many challenges, some of which are country-specific. To address these specific problems, parochial resolutions are essential. In India, the government, by working in tandem with (a) national groups such as the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India, and (b) global organizations such as the International Diabetes Federation, has empowered the medical and paramedical staff throughout the country to manage HIP. Additionally, despite their academic university backgrounds, Indian health planners have provided practical guidelines for caregivers at the ground level, who look up to these experts for guidance. This multipronged process has helped to negotiate some of the multiple problems that are indigenous and exclusive to India. This review traces the Indian journey to manage and prevent HIP with simple, constructive, and pragmatic solutions.

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Kalra, Sanjay, and Mudita Dhingra. "Childhood diabetes in India." Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6065/apem.2018.23.3.126.

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8

Viswanathan, Vijay. "Urban diabetes in India." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 136 (February 2018): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.01.015.

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9

Joshi, Shashank R. "Diabetes Care in India." Annals of Global Health 81, no. 6 (April 22, 2016): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.002.

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10

Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Rajendra Pradeepa, Mohan Deepa, Manjula Datta, Vasudevan Sudha, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Lalith M. Nath, et al. "The Indian Council of Medical Research—India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) Study: Methodological Details." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 5, no. 4 (July 2011): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193229681100500413.

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Narayan, K. M. Venkat, and Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui. "Analysis of the Indian Council of Medical Research—India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) Study." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 5, no. 4 (July 2011): 915–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193229681100500414.

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12

Banker, Khyati K., Danny Liew, Zanfina Ademi, Alice J. Owen, Afsana Afroz, Dianna J. Magliano, and Ella Zomer. "The Impact of Diabetes on Productivity in India." Diabetes Care 44, no. 12 (October 21, 2021): 2714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0922.

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OBJECTIVE Diabetes increases the risk of premature mortality and considerably impacts on work productivity. We sought to examine the impact of diabetes in India, in terms of excess premature mortality, years of life lost (YLL), productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost, and its associated economic impact. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A life table model was constructed to examine the productivity of the Indian working-age population currently aged 20–59 years with diabetes, followed until death or retirement age (60 years). The same cohort was resimulated, hypothetically assuming that they did not have diabetes. The total difference between the two cohorts, in terms of excess deaths, YLL and PALYs lost reflected the impact of diabetes. Data regarding the prevalence of diabetes, mortality, labor force dropouts, and productivity loss attributable to diabetes were derived from published sources. RESULTS In 2017, an estimated 54.4 million (7.6%) people of working-age in India had diabetes. With simulated follow-up until death or retirement age, diabetes was predicted to cause 8.5 million excess deaths (62.7% of all deaths), 42.7 million YLL (7.4% of total estimated years of life lived), and 89.0 million PALYs lost (23.3% of total estimated PALYs), equating to an estimated Indian rupee 176.6 trillion (U.S. dollars 2.6 trillion; purchasing power parity 9.8 trillion) in lost gross domestic product. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the impact of diabetes on productivity loss and highlights the importance of health strategies aimed at the prevention of diabetes.

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Singh, Shailja, Usha Singh, Neeraj Kumar Agrawal, and Rana Singh. "Epidemiological study of diabetes mellitus in North India." Annals of Applied Bio-Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2018): A12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aabs.1904.

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Kesavadev, Jothydev, Gopika Krishnan, and Viswanathan Mohan. "Digital health and diabetes: experience from India." Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 12 (January 2021): 204201882110546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420188211054676.

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The digitization of healthcare and its usage in the delivery of healthcare have experienced exponential growth across the world in recent times. India’s fast-growing diabetes population has been exerting immense pressure on the country’s healthcare infrastructure. Various innovative and evolving technologies are converging to impact the trajectory of digital health in diabetes. The diabetes community has been adopting various technologies such as connected glucose meters, continuous glucose monitoring systems, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, closed-loop systems, digitalization of health data, and diabetes-related apps for the prevention and management of the condition. India has provided some excellent examples in exploiting the potential of digital transformation in revamping the diabetes ecosystem. Yet, there are still various hurdles in technology development, healthcare delivery, as well as concerns related to data privacy, digital divide, policies by the government, role of stakeholders, attitude, and absorption by healthcare professionals, and hospitals. This article provides an overview of the digital diabetes technologies currently practiced in India and recommends the need for strong technology adaptation and policy interventions for an ideal roadmap of digitalization of diabetes care in the Indian milieu.

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15

Selvaraj, Vijairam. "Do Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) Programs Merit more Consideration in the Indian Setting?" International Journal of User-Driven Healthcare 2, no. 3 (July 2012): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijudh.2012070107.

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Many individuals in India are nowadays either being diagnosed early with type 2 diabetes or lack optimal control of their diabetes. Reducing the burden and impact of diabetes mellitus in India is a major priority among the healthcare system. Diabetes educators, through DPP models, have shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetes among pre-diabetics through lifestyle changes. Among diabetics, DSME is seen as an essential intervention and as a cornerstone of diabetes care. Short-lived benefits and presence of barriers & challenges limit the inclusion of sufficient numbers of health educators or trained individuals in resource limited Indian settings to educate high risk individuals and improve self-management behaviors.

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Holla, Rohith, Sachin Prabhu, Sanjana Shetty, Shreya Deshpande, Shwetha Balla K., Snigdha Hegde, Soujanya B. S., Harsha Raj, and Rashmi Kundapur. "AWARENESS ABOUT DIABETES AMONG ADOLESCENTS OF MANGALORE, SOUTH INDIA." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 02 (June 2014): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703778.

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Abstract: Introduction: India continues to be the diabetic capital of the world. According to the WHO report, India today heads the world with 32 million patients and this number is projected to increase to 79.4 million by the year 2030. Diabetes has become a great economic challenge as it drains between 5-25% of family income of an average Indian. Aims & Objectives: To study the awareness of diabetes among the adolescents. Materials and Method: Community based cross-sectional study. We collected data from 600 adolescents of age group 16-18years. A questionnaire consisting of questions that were based on the knowledge, awareness and practices regarding the risk factors of Diabetes were prepared. Students from 4 pre-university colleges in Mangalore, Dakshina Kannada district, were selected as the study group Results: 88.5% were aware of diabetes. According to 48.33% consumption of sweets only was a risk factor. 5.5% were aware that diabetes runs in families . 78.33 % were aware that diabetes can affect any age group and 73% knew about the increasing rate of diabetes in India. 72.16 % were sure that diabetes can be prevented and 25.5% said it was possible to completely cure .46% were under a misconception that a vaccine is present for diabetes and only 57.83%were aware of that diabetes can cause complications.

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17

S., Sathiya Narayanan, Shankar S., and Padmini S. K. "Prevalence of type 2 diabetes using Indian diabetes risk score and its risk factors in a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2778. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173322.

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Background: Currently the number of cases of diabetes worldwide is estimated to be around 150 million. This number is predicted to double by 2025, with the greatest number of cases being expected in China and India. In countries like India, there is also a lack of awareness about the existing interventions for preventing diabetes and the management of complications. This underscores the need for mass awareness and screening programs to identify and overcome the burden due to diabetes in India. The aim and objectives of the study was to find out the people at risk of developing diabetes using a simple risk factor scoring in a rural area in Tamil NaduMethods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2016 to August 2016 among 974 participants in the three rural blocks in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu. A house to house visit was made and all population above 35 years of age, presenting on the day of survey were included in the study. Socio-demographic variables, risk factors were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and High Risk Analysis for diabetes was done as per Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS).Results: Out of 974 study subjects, 62 (6.34%) of them reported that they had diabetes. Based on the screening tool, 253 subjects were found to be in the high risk category (score >60). Proportion of subjects with high risk score in the self-reported diabetes group (58.07%) were high compared to apparently normal group (23.79%) and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) using Chi Square test.Conclusions: This study estimates the usefulness of simplified Indian diabetes risk score for identifying high risk diabetic subjects in the community. Use of the IDRS can make mass screening for diabetes in India more cost effective.

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18

Unnikrishnan, AmbikaGopalakrishnan, Vageesh Ayyar, and Sanjay Kalra. "Adrenergic India: Managing its diabetes." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 15, no. 5 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.83046.

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19

Jonas, Jost B., Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Vinay Nangia, Prashant P. Joshi, and Arshia Matin. "Diabetes Mellitus in Rural India." Epidemiology 21, no. 5 (September 2010): 754–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3181e66201.

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20

Vasudevan, Rajiv, and Zankhana Buch. "Ayurveda for diabetes in India." Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 4, no. 11 (November 2016): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30239-x.

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21

Geldsetzer, Pascal, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Michaela Theilmann, Justine I. Davies, Ashish Awasthi, Sebastian Vollmer, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Till Bärnighausen, and Rifat Atun. "Diabetes and Hypertension in India." JAMA Internal Medicine 178, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8094.

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22

Paul, Nabomita, Ajay Pandey, and Khushhali M. Pandey. "An Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus Associated Complications, Treatment Modalities and Management Strategies." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 16, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2737.

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Diabetes is a consequential human ailment afflicting a significant population in many countries across the world. In India, it is turning out to be a major health quandary, especially in urban areas. Though there are various approaches to reduce the ill-effects of diabetes and its secondary complications, herbal formulations are preferred due to lesser side-effects and low cost. Traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants are utilized by about 60% of the world’s population. This review focuses on Indian herbal drugs and medicinal plants utilized in the treatment of diabetes, especially in India.

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Prabhune, Akash Gajanan, Biwesh Ojha, and Aparna Manoharan. "Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among rural South Indian population." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185282.

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Background: Objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of self-reported and undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes cases in rural south Indian population.Methods: The study was carried as secondary analysis of the data collected in our Health management information system (HMIS) as a part of our health systems initiative in Alakkudi gram panchayat, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. We analysed the fasting glucose and post prandial glucose values of 1307 individuals form our database to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes as per the cut off recommended by Indian Council of Medical Research 2018 diabetes diagnostic criteria. We also presented the descriptive analysis of demographic features, risk behaviour, anthropometric data along with personal and family history of all the individuals analysed in this study. The secondary data retrieved from the HMIS system was free of any personal identifiers.Results: The self-reported prevalence of diabetes among adults in the village was 6.88% (90 out of 1307). The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among adults of Alakkudi village was 12.85% (168 out of 1307) and the prevalence of undiagnosed prediabetes among adults of Alakkudi village was 8.03% (105 out of 1307). Proportion of undiagnosed cases of diabetes in the village was 53%.Conclusions: The proportion of undiagnosed cases of diabetes is quite high in rural India and the proportion of prediabetes is also higher. It is the need of the hour to create awareness regarding diabetes and prediabetes amongst the rural India population and increasing health systems efforts for regular community-based screening among the rural Indians.

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Viswanathan, M. "Diabetes Health Care, Nutrition, and Diabetes Education in Diabetes Centers in India." Diabetes Educator 12, no. 4 (September 1986): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572178601200413.

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25

Nagarathna, Raghuram, M. Madhava, Suchitra S. Patil, Amit Singh, K. Perumal, Ganga Ningombam, and and Hongasandra R. Nagendra. "Cost of Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pan India Study." Annals of Neurosciences 27, no. 3-4 (July 2020): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972753121998496.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

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Kapur, A., L. N. Jorgensen, S. Ram Moorthi, Y. J. Ping, A. Bhoraskar, S. R. Sathe, B. S. Raheja, S. Pendsey, and B. K. Sahay. "Diabcare Asia - India study diabetes care in India - current status." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 50 (September 2000): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8227(00)81924-5.

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27

Joshi, Ameya, and R. D. Sana N. Shaikh. "Certified Diabetes Educator: An Important Aid in Improving Patient Care in Diabetes." Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 07, no. 01 (June 2019): 003–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1683464.

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AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which education plays a vital part. However, in India that is overburdened with diabetes has short of diabetes educators. Care for diabetes is limited by the adverse physician-to-patient ratio and lack of trained paramedical personnel. The following review focuses on role of diabetes educators in diabetes care and their current status in India.

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28

Kumar, Arunava. "India towards diabetes control: Key issues." Australasian Medical Journal 6, no. 10 (November 1, 2013): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4066/amj.2013.1791.

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29

Singh, Raminder. "Commentary: Diabetes eye screening in India." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 70, no. 6 (2022): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2935_21.

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Nayak, Himanshu, Rajendra Gadhavi, Bhavin Solanki, Bhagyalaxmi Aroor, Hemant Gameti, Kalpita Shringarpure, Jayun Joshi, and Zuveriya Kazi. "Screening for gestational diabetes, Ahmedabad, India." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 100, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.22.288045.

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31

Gutch, Manish, Syed Mohd Razi, Sukriti Kumar, and KeshavKumar Gupta. "Diabetes mellitus: Trends in northern India." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 18, no. 5 (2014): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.139219.

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32

&NA;. "Erratum: Diabetes Mellitus in Rural India." Epidemiology 22, no. 1 (January 2011): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3181f93c99.

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Abdul, Fairoz B. "Type 2 diabetes and rural India." Lancet 369, no. 9558 (January 2007): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60145-7.

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Atre, Sachin. "The burden of diabetes in India." Lancet Global Health 7, no. 4 (April 2019): e418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30556-4.

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Unnikrishnan, Ranjit, and Viswanathan Mohan. "Whither diabetes research in India today?" Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 14, no. 3 (May 2020): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.02.007.

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Bhatia, Eesh. "Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in India." Current Diabetes Reports 12, no. 3 (March 28, 2012): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-012-0267-6.

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RAMACHANDRAN, Ambady, and Chamukuttan SNEHALATHA. "Current scenario of diabetes in India." Journal of Diabetes 1, no. 1 (December 17, 2008): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-0407.2008.00004.x.

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Roy, ManasP. "Diabetes and health awareness in India." Journal of Family and Community Medicine 25, no. 1 (2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_104_17.

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39

Evans, Valerie, Peter Roderick, and Allyson M. Pollock. "Adequacy of clinical trial evidence of metformin fixed-dose combinations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in India." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 2 (March 2018): e000263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000263.

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There is growing national and international concern about the drug regulatory system in India. Parliamentary reports have highlighted the presence of high numbers of unapproved medicines and irrational combinations of both approved and unapproved drugs in the Indian market-place. Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are a peculiar feature of the Indian pharmaceutical landscape. Although metformin is a first-line treatment, FDCs for diabetes in India account for two-thirds of all diabetes medicine sales, and some have not been approved by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO). This study examines the basis of efficacy and safety of top-selling metformin FDCs in India against four WHO criteria from clinical trials guidelines for the approval of FDCs. Data from a commercial drug sales database (PharmaTrac) were combined with searches through published literature, clinical trial registries, and published and unpublished trial websites of metformin FDCs in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Five metformin FDCs in India from November 2011 to October 2012 accounted for 80% of all metformin FDC sales by value and volume. Although all five had obtained CDSCO approval, three had been sold and marketed prior to receiving this approval. Evaluation of published and unpublished clinical trials of these five FDCs found none provided robust evidence of safety and efficacy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recommendations are made for publishing evidence that underpins drug approvals, marketing bans, greater transparency through updated clinical trials databases and legislative reform in order to prevent irrational FDCs from entering the market.

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Ghosh, Sujoy, Pradip Mukhopadhyay, and Sarita Bajaj. "Diabetes and Insurance." Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 7, no. 02 (December 2019): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401979.

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AbstractIndia has healthcare expenditure of more than 5 billion dollars on diabetes-related healthcare management. Globally, approximately 12% of health expenditure is spent on diabetes and related comorbidities. Hospitalization includes hospital and laboratory expenses and cost of medications as the direct cost. India is among the countries, where if the insured dies during the time period specified in the insurance policy and the policy is active, or in force, then a death benefit will be paid. Studies in India reported that medical reimbursement is availed by 21.3% in the high-income group and only 6.4% of the urban low-income group. An average cost of management of diabetic complications like diabetic foot, retinopathy, and patients with two complications was almost close to the average cost of claimed amount. Patients may be advised to take insurance for diabetes when there is any indication of future disease and risk factors contributing to diabetes like a strong family history, obesity, hypertension, and other vascular diseases. Diabetes Safe from Star Health and Varistha Mediclaim from National Insurance were among the first insurance policies to be launched in India.

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Unnikrishnan, A. G., R. K. Sahay, Uday Phadke, S. K. Sharma, Parag Shah, Rishi Shukla, Vijay Viswanathan, et al. "Cardiovascular risk in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients in India." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): e0263619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263619.

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Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide continues to increase, in particular in India. Early T2DM diagnosis followed by appropriate management will result in more cardiovascular event free life years. However, knowledge of the cardiovascular profile of newly diagnosed T2DM patients is still limited. The aim of this study was to understand the extent of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of newly diagnosed T2DM patients in India. Methods A cross sectional observational study was conducted to evaluate clinical laboratory and socio-demographic parameters of 5,080 newly diagnosed T2DM patients (48.3 ± 12.8 years of age; 36.7% female). In addition, we determined their cardiovascular risk according to the guidelines of the Lipid Association of India (LAI) and the criteria of the QRISK3 score. Results Of the newly T2DM diagnosed patients in India 2,007(39.5%) were classified as “High risk” and 3,073 (60.5%) were classified as “Very high risk” based on LAI criteria. On average, patients had 1.7 ± 0.9 major atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Low HDL-C value was the most frequent major risk (2,823; 55.6%) followed by high age (2,502; 49.3%), hypertension (2,141; 42.1%), smoking/tobacco use (1,078; 21.2%) and chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (568; 11.2%). In addition, 4,192 (82.5%) patients appeared to have at least one cholesterol abnormality and, if the latest LAI recommendations are applied, 96.5% (4,902) presented with lipid values above recommended targets. Based on the QRISK3 calculation Indian diabetes patients had an average CVD risk of 15.3 ± 12.3%, (12.2 ± 10.1 vs. 17.1 ± 13.5 [p<0.001] for females and males, respectively). Conclusions Newly diagnosed Indian T2DM patients are at high ASCVD risk. Our data therefore support the notion that further extension of nationwide ASCVD risk identification programs and prevention strategies to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases are warranted.

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Ghia, Canna Jagdish, and Gautam Rambhad. "Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations for Old-Age Home Indian Residents: A Literature Review." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 8 (January 2022): 233372142211182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23337214221118237.

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Advancing age is accompanied by decreased immunity, poor health, and physiological changes, which render the elderly population highly susceptible to infectious diseases. We aim to identify the guidelines for pneumococcal vaccines in old-age facilities in India. We performed an extensive review of Indian literature (indexed and non-indexed publications) from 2010 to 2020 using search strings “Pneumococcal vaccine AND Recommendations AND India,” “Pneumococcal vaccine AND Guidelines AND India,” followed by a hand search to identify the most updated versions of recommendations. We reviewed immunization guidelines recommended by nine medical associations and societies in India—Association of Physicians of India (API), Geriatric Society of India (GSI), Indian Society of Nephrology (ISN), Mass Gathering Advisory Board Consensus Recommendation, Indian Medical Association (IMA), Indian Chest Society and National College of Chest Physicians (ICS-NCCP), Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India (RSSDI), Indian Association of Occupational Health Guidelines for Working Adults (IAOH), and API guidelines for immunization during COVID19 pandemic. All bodies recommend pneumococcal vaccines, sequence and preference of which depend on factors such as age, underlying conditions, and immune status. Integration of society recommendations and their implementation into public and private vaccination programs are required to promote adult immunization.

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Redding, Stuart, Robert Anderson, Rajiv Raman, Sobha Sivaprasad, and Raphael Wittenberg. "Estimating the costs of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment among people with diabetes in India." BMJ Open 13, no. 6 (June 2023): e063390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063390.

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ObjectivesThis study provides an estimate of the annual cost of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment (MSVI) among people with diabetes aged 40 years and above in India in the year 2019.DesignA cost of illness study.SettingIndia.ParticipantsPeople with diabetes aged 40 years and above in India in the year 2019.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEstimates are provided for the total costs of screening for most common vision-threatening eye conditions, treatment of these conditions, economic activity lost by these people and their family carers whose ability to work is affected, and loss of quality of life experienced by people with diabetes and blindness or MSVI.ResultsIt is estimated that for people with diabetes aged 40 years or above, annual screening followed by eye examination where required would cost around 42.3 billion Indian rupees (INR) (4230 crores) per year; treating sight problems around 2.87 billion INR (287 crores) per year if 20% of those needing treatment receive it; and lost economic activity around 472 billion INR (47 200 crores). Moreover, 2.86 million (0.286 crores) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are lost annually due to blindness and MSVI. The estimate of lost production is highly sensitive to the proportion of people with MSVI able to work and how their output compares with that of a person with no visual impairment.ConclusionsThis is the first study to estimate the cost of blindness and MSVI for people aged 40 years and over with diabetes in India. The annual cost to the Indian economy is substantial. This cost will be expected to fall if a successful screening and treatment plan is introduced in India. Further work is suggested using more robust data, when available, to estimate the loss of productivity and loss of QALYs, as this would be worthwhile.

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Marbaniang, Strong P., Holendro Singh Chungkham, and Hemkhothang Lhungdim. "A structured additive modeling of diabetes and hypertension in Northeast India." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): e0262560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262560.

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Background Multiple factors are associated with the risk of diabetes and hypertension. In India, they vary widely even from one district to another. Therefore, strategies for controlling diabetes and hypertension should appropriately address local risk factors and take into account the specific causes of the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension at sub-population levels and in specific settings. This paper examines the demographic and socioeconomic risk factors as well as the spatial disparity of diabetes and hypertension among adults aged 15–49 years in Northeast India. Methods The study used data from the Indian Demographic Health Survey, which was conducted across the country between 2015 and 2016. All men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 years were tested for diabetes and hypertension as part of the survey. A Bayesian geo-additive model was used to determine the risk factors of diabetes and hypertension. Results The prevalence rates of diabetes and hypertension in Northeast India were, respectively, 6.38% and 16.21%. The prevalence was higher among males, urban residents, and those who were widowed/divorced/separated. The functional relationship between household wealth index and diabetes and hypertension was found to be an inverted U-shape. As the household wealth status increased, its effect on diabetes also increased. However, interestingly, the inverse was observed in the case of hypertension, that is, as the household wealth status increased, its effect on hypertension decreased. The unstructured spatial variation in diabetes was mainly due to the unobserved risk factors present within a district that were not related to the nearby districts, while for hypertension, the structured spatial variation was due to the unobserved factors that were related to the nearby districts. Conclusion Diabetes and hypertension control measures should consider both local and non-local factors that contribute to the spatial heterogeneity. More importance should be given to efforts aimed at evaluating district-specific factors in the prevalence of diabetes within a region.

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Vallepalli, Chandrasekhar, K. Chandra Sekhar, U. Vijaya Kumar, and P. G. Deotale. "Indian Diabetes Risk Score for Screening of Undiagnosed Diabetes Individuals of Eluru City, Andhra Pradesh, India." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 8, no. 4 (2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2017.00304.7.

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Boya, C., K. Gudala, and D. Bansal. "Assessment of Risk of Diabetes Using Indian Diabetes Risk Score In Healthy Postgraduate Students of India." Value in Health 19, no. 3 (May 2016): A297—A298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2016.03.734.

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Chakraverty, Raja, Kalyan Samanta, Jyotirmoy Bandyopadhyay, and Chandrima Sarkar. "An online knowledge-attitude-practice survey in the community about diabetes mellitus in India." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 8, no. 4 (January 15, 2022): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2021.045.

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To address the reasons for it is important to understand the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of all pertinent stakeholders. This multicentrrising burden of Diabetes mellitus in India this survey is aimed at understanding the KAP quotients of the community regarding knowledge of laypersons regarding diabetes mellitus as this is lacking in Indian studies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted through online mode in India using a validated, field-tested questionnaire incorporating KAP domain questions regarding Diabetes mellitus (DM). Scores to questions were appropriately assigned. The mean (SD) age of the respondents was 35.2 (12.61) y and 62% had a graduate or higher level of education. The median (IQR) KAP scores were 10 (8-12), 5 (3-5) and 2 (2-3) out of a maximum of 18, 5 and 6, respectively. Higher educational and socioeconomic levels were associated with better attitude scores, but knowledge levels were comparable. Correlations between KAP scores were poor. This study reveals that laypeople have appropriate knowledge and attitude regarding diabetes mellitus to some degree but there are important lacunae and practices are often found wanting. These issues need to be addressed in sustained public sensitization and motivational campaigns to improve the future and treatment outcomes of Diabetes mellitus in India.

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S Hari Kumar, KV. "“Make in India”—Time for Indian Protocols." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 23, no. 6 (2019): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_644_19.

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Varma, Shilpa. "About Nutrition and Diabetes India - A Core Group of IAPEN India." Journal of Nutrition Research 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55289/jnutres/v9i1.07.

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Gupta, Aman, and Aashish Gambhir. "PET CT Brain for the Differential Diagnosis of Dementia -Indian Case Reports." Open Neurology Journal 14, no. 1 (September 22, 2020): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x02014010068.

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India has been termed as Diabetic hub of the globe. Along with other complications, one of the underestimated complication is cognitive decline and memory loss associated with poor diabetes control. In the Indian context, structural imaging like MRI-Magnetic Resonance imaging is more commonly used in Neurological disorders such as stroke, head injury, Functional imaging of the human brain has been underutilized in the Indian scenario. One such technique is PET CT which has been typically used as a cancer biomarker in India. By virtue of current case study, we propose i) association between poor control of Diabetes and poor cognition ii) role of PET CT brain in differential diagnosis of Dementia. We present two case reports providing strong findings for utilization of PET CT brain in Dementia protocols.

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