Journal articles on the topic 'Diabetes in adolescents'
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Goulart Nobre, Camila Magroski, Aline Rodrigues Costa, Alex Sandra Minasi, Silvana Medeiros Possani, Marina Soares Mota, and Giovana Calcagno Gomes. "Cuidado à criança e ao adolescente com diabetes mellitus tipo 1." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v13i1a238622p111-117-2019.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to learn about the strategies used by the family for the care of children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Method: this is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study developed with 12 family caregivers. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, subjecting them to the Content Analysis technique. Results: it is related to the main strategy used by the family to care for food adaptation of the child and the adolescent; children and adolescents are encouraged to coexist with others who have diabetes; other families with children with the same condition are sought for the exchange of experience about care. Other strategies are also considered the possibility of family adaptation to care for the child and adolescent and the fact that the adolescents themselves perform their self-care. Conclusion: the educational role of nurses in families is important in helping them to develop effective strategies for the care of children and adolescents with diabetes. Descriptors: Diabetes Mellitus; Child; Adolescent; Family; Quality of life; Nursing.RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as estratégias utilizadas pela família para o cuidado à criança e ao adolescente com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo desenvolvido com 12 familiares cuidadores. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas submetendo-os à técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: relaciona-se a principal estratégia utilizada pela família para o cuidado à adaptação alimentar da criança e do adolescente; propicia-se a convivência da criança e do adolescente com outros que tenham diabetes; procuram-se outras famílias com filhos com a mesma condição para se realizar a troca de experiência acerca do cuidado. Consideram-se, também, outras estratégias a possibilidade da adaptação da família ao cuidado à criança e ao adolescente e o fato dos próprios adolescentes realizarem seu autocuidado. Conclusão: conclui-se como importante o papel educativo do enfermeiro junto às famílias no sentido de auxiliá-las no desenvolvimento de estratégias efetivas de cuidado à criança e ao adolescente com diabetes. Descritores: Diabetes Mellitus; Criança; Adolescente; Família; Qualidade de Vida; Enfermagem.RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las estrategias utilizadas por la familia para el cuidado al niño y al adolescente con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo desarrollado con 12 familiares cuidadores. Se recogen los datos por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas sometiéndolos a la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: se relaciona la principal estrategia utilizada por la familia para el cuidado a la adaptación alimentaria del niño y del adolescente; se propicia la convivencia del niño y del adolescente con otros que tengan diabetes; se buscan otras familias con hijos con la misma condición para realizar el intercambio de experiencia acerca del cuidado. Se considera, también, otras estrategias la posibilidad de la adaptación de la familia al cuidado al niño y al adolescente y el hecho de los propios adolescentes realizar su autocuidado. Conclusión: se concluye como importante el papel educativo del enfermero junto a las familias en el sentido de auxiliarlas en el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas de cuidado al niño y al adolescente con diabetes. Descriptores: Diabetes Mellitus; Niño; Adolescente; Familia; Calidad de Vida; Enfermería.
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Blake, Jill Emmett. "A Mentoring Program for Adolescents With Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 23, no. 6 (December 1997): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179702300608.
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Adequate psychosocial support is a major factor in well-managed diabetes, especially with newly-diagnosed adolescents who face many life changes. A review of the literature shows that few psychosocial support systems exist for adolescents with diabetes. Few psychosocial interventions have been tested and shown to be effective in improving the diabetes-related behavior of adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the emotional and developmental needs of adolescents who are newly diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and to propose a mentoring program that pairs a qualified, supportive young adult who is knowledgeable about diabetes with a newly diagnosed teenager with a similar socioeconomic background. The trained mentor will provide support to the adolescent regarding diabetes-related issues as well as other issues related to adolescence.
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Alencar, Isabele Gouveia Muniz, Gisele Gouveia Muniz, Carla Muniz Medeiros, and Camila Muniz Medeiros. "Monitorização glicêmica de adolescentes brasileiros com diabetes tipo 1." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 12, no. 7 (July 3, 2018): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v12i7a231277p2012-2020-2018.
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RESUMOObjetivo: verificar os métodos utilizados por adolescentes brasileiros com DM1 na monitorização glicêmica e conceitos associados a essa prática. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada entre fevereiro a agosto de 2017, por meio da MEDLINE, LILACS e SCIELO. A análise dos estudos considerou o nível de evidência. Os resultados foram apresentados considerando a sequência cronológica decrescente e as temáticas advindas da análise dos artigos. Resultados: observaram-se as temáticas “1. Perspectivas de estudos sobre Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 (DM1) em adolescentes no Brasil”; “2. Monitorização da glicemia em adolescentes brasileiros com DM1: conceitos e métodos” e “3. O papel das técnicas de mensuração primária para o controle do DM1 em adolescentes”. Conclusão: aponta-se que a análise da Hemoglobina A Glicosilada (HbA1c) foi o método mais empregado para a monitorização de adolescentes com DM1. Verifica-se, também, que há dificuldades da comunidade científica em incluir crianças e adolescentes com DM1 em estudos experimentais. Descritores: Adolescentes; Insulina; Automonitorização da Glicemia; Hemoglobina A Glicosilada; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo I; Educação em Saúde.ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the methods used by Brazilian adolescents with DM1 in glycemic monitoring and concepts associated with this practice. Method: integrative review, carried out between February and August of 2017, through MEDLINE, LILACS and SCIELO. The analysis of the studies considered the level of evidence. The results were presented considering the decreasing chronological sequence and the themes coming from the analysis of the articles. Results: the themes "1. Perspectives of studies on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) in adolescents in Brazil "; "2. Monitoring of glycemia in Brazilian adolescents with DM1: concepts and methods "e" 3. The role of primary measurement techniques for the control of DM1 in adolescents " were observed. Conclusion: it is pointed out that the analysis of Glycosylated Hemoglobin A (HbA1c) was the most used method for the monitoring of adolescents with DM1. It is also verified that there are difficulties of the scientific community to include children and adolescents with DM1 in experimental studies. Descriptors: Adolescent; Insulin; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Diabetes Mellitus, Type I, Health Education.RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar los métodos utilizados por adolescentes brasileños con DM1 en la monitorización glucémica y conceptos asociados a esta práctica. Método: revisión integrativa, realizada entre febrero a agosto de 2017, por medio de MEDLINE, LILACS y SCIELO. El análisis de los estudios consideró el nivel de evidencia. Los resultados fueron presentados considerando la secuencia cronológica decreciente y las temáticas provenientes del análisis de los artículos. Resultados: se observaron las temáticas: “1. Perspectivas de estudios sobre Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 (DM1) en adolescentes en Brasil”; “2. Monitoreo de la glucemia en adolescentes brasileños con DM1: conceptos y métodos”; y “3. El papel de las técnicas de medición primaria para el control del DM1 en adolescentes”. Conclusión: se señala que el análisis de la Hemoglobina A Glicosilada (HbA1c), fue el método más empleado para monitorización de adolescentes con DM1. Se verifica, también, que hay dificultades de la comunidad científica en incluir niños y adolescentes con DM1 en estudios experimentales. Descriptores: Adolescente; Insulina; Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea; Hemoglobina A Glicosilada; Diabetes Mellitus Tipo I, Educacion en Salud.
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Mireille, Ndje. "Experienced Anxiety and Death Impulse in Diabetic Adolescents." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 4, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/066.
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The drive and the experience of the diabetic adolescent have been extensively discussed, but not enough the one of the death drive in teenagers suffering from diabetes. Some researchers have addressed this issue raising the expression of suffering and the role of caregivers in caring for the person with diabetes. The refusal to be treated is due to the fact that diabetes unlike other chronic diseases requires daily injections, adherence to a diet and control of blood sugar every day. We are interested in the teenager who is invaded by the death drive due to the imprint of diabetes on his adolescence thereby weakening his psyche. The main goal is to understand the experiences of non-compliant adolescents living with diabetes. To achieve this, we used the clinical method and the clinical interviews have been done at the Central Hospital of Yaoundé from three participants. These interviews have been treated through a content analysis and the findings show that diabetes sound on the psyche of the teenager. So, this disease cause suffering, pain related to daily injections that grow some adolescents with non-therapeutic compliance and even refusal to seek treatment. Thus, this disease destroys the body of the adolescent, limits his pleasures, disintegrates his body, makes him suffer. Indeed, it damages the body of the adolescent, destroys it for the sole purpose of annihilating it. All these difficulties related to the disease in adolescence weaken his psyche and develop in him the death drive. This allowed us to the deadly trends in the adolescent who suffers because of his posture of chronic patient as well as all the restrictions imposed by the disease to adolescence weakening his psyche that could lead to an uncertain death.
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Jespersen, Louise N., Mathilde H. Vested, Lise B. Johansen, and Dan Grabowski. "Mirroring Life of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes—An Outline of Key Aspects." Diabetology 2, no. 3 (August 18, 2021): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diabetology2030013.
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Background: Studies have shown that adolescents find diabetes management difficult and struggle with incorporating diabetes management into their daily life. A focus on issues adolescents perceive as important is necessary when designing high quality interventions aimed at improving health outcomes for adolescents with T1D. The present study aimed to provide: (1) a broad comprehensive reflection on issues adolescents with diabetes perceive as important; (2) a basis for developing a ‘Family Mirror’, specifically designed to generate dialogue in families with an adolescent with T1D. Methods: The qualitative data originate from 11 workshops with a total of 47 adolescents with diabetes between 8 and 18 years of age. Data were systematically analyzed. Results: Seven overarching, empirical themes were identified that provided an outline of aspects important to adolescents living with T1D: (1) Support, (2) Understanding, (3) Worries, (4) Limitations, (5) Independence, (6) Perceptions, and (7) Management. Several empirical indicators elaborated on the themes, thus creating a comprehensive reflection of life with T1D during adolescence. Conclusions: Given our comprehensive and broad approach to uncovering key aspects adolescents with diabetes perceive as important, we trust that the findings can be used as a basis for designing interventions intended for adolescents with T1D.
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Núñez-Baila, María de los Ángeles, Anjhara Gómez-Aragón, and José Rafael González-López. "Social Support and Peer Group Integration of Adolescents with Diabetes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042064.
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The aim of this study was to examine, through the roles of peers with regards to diabetes, the relationship between the support perceived by adolescents with diabetes and their peer-group affiliation. This is a descriptive, phenomenological and retrospective study based on a qualitative methodology. In-depth interviews with 15 people aged 18–35 with type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed in their childhood or adolescence were carried out. Data was analyzed through the interpretation of general discourses. Peers have considerable influence on adolescents and provide them social support from different roles. The protective role basically offers emotional support and sends reminders of different aspects of the treatment, while the indifferent role does not meddle in any aspect related to the diabetes. Both roles can foster social integration of adolescents with diabetes into the peer group. The offender role creates social conflicts through discrimination and stigma of adolescents with diabetes. These roles appear during the process of socialization of adolescents with diabetes, where commensality and situations of self-monitoring or administering insulin, key aspect of diabetes treatment, are crucial. Peer groups, depending on the role adopted, may offer support or bring a specific conflict regarding diabetes to their adolescent peer. The combination of roles that friends and peer group play with regards to diabetes will determine the degree of socialization and integration of adolescents with diabetes.
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Tsur, Avishai M., Shir Hershkovich, Inbar Zucker, Miri Lutski, Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, Asaf Vivante, Maya Fischman, et al. "Stuttering and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study of 2.2 Million Adolescents." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 4 (January 15, 2021): 978–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa988.
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Abstract Purpose To investigate the association between stuttering in adolescence and incident type 2 diabetes in young adulthood. Methods This nationwide population-based study included 2 193 855 adolescents of age 16 to 20 years who were assessed for military service between 1980 and 2013. Diagnoses of stuttering in adolescence were confirmed by a speech-language pathologist. Diabetes status for each individual as of December 31, 2016, was determined by linkage to the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Relationships were analyzed using regression models adjusted for socioeconomic variables, cognitive performance, coexisting morbidities, and adolescent body mass index. Results Analysis was stratified by sex (Pinteraction = 0.035). Of the 4443 (0.4%) adolescent men with stuttering, 162 (3.7%) developed type 2 diabetes, compared with 25 678 (2.1%) men without stuttering (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6). This relationship persisted when unaffected brothers of men with stuttering were used as the reference group (adjusted OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.01-2.2), or when the analysis included only adolescents with unimpaired health at baseline (adjusted OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7). The association was stronger in later birth cohorts, with an adjusted OR of 2.4 (1.4-4.1) for cases of type 2 diabetes before age 40. Of the 503 (0.1%) adolescent women with stuttering 7 (1.4%) developed type 2 diabetes, compared with 10 139 (1.1%) women without stuttering (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 0.48-2.20). Conclusions Adolescent stuttering is associated with an increased risk for early-onset type 2 diabetes among men.
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Carnall Figueiredo, Inês, Isabel Malheiro, Maria José Góis Paixão, and Odete Lemos e Sousa. "Fatores que influenciam a autogestão nos adolescentes com Diabetes Tipo 1." Pensar Enfermagem - Revista Científica | Journal of Nursing 21, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56732/pensarenf.v21i2.139.
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Background: There are 303 new known cases of children and adolescents (0-19) with type 1 diabetes in Portugal, only in the year 2014, and more than 79000 new cases worldwide in 2013. The incidence of this chronic condition is rising, and the technological and medical advances in the last years allow for the well-being of individuals who, in other conditions, would not have survived. Health interventions directed to the adolescent with type 1 diabetes aim to motivate and facilitate self -management transition from caregiver to self, having the specificity of the adolescents in mind. The caregiver plays an essential role in this transition. His control and support should not end abruptly at the beginning of the adolescence, but slowly become an orientation that respects the young person’s autonomy. Type 1 diabetes has always been a widely studied subject, and the interventions directed specifically to the adolescence period are one of the focus on recent papers.
Methodology: This scoping review was carried out according to of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual (2015). Initial search, including JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, CINAHL and MEDLINE, revealed there is not a scoping or a systematic review (published or in progress) about this subject. The objective of this review is to identify and map the knowledge about the self-management development process in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. It takes into account the perspectives of adolescents (aged 10-18) with type 1 diabetes and their parents/caregivers. It also includes the perspectives of health professionals and young adults (aged 18-25) with type 1 diabetes, where the participants are considered experts in their chronic condition.
Results: Six main categories of factors considered as barriers or facilitators in the development process of self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes could be found: Adolescent Self; Family; School; Peers; Health Care and type 1 diabetes evolution/Health regimen. Interventions can be adopted by health professionals in order to surpass identified challenges to self -management. Further investigation is needed on the matter, and focus groups are recommended for adolescents, caregivers and young adults regarding this theme.
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Cheung, Ruth, Virginia Young Cureton, and Daryl L. Canham. "Quality of Life in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Who Participate in Diabetes Camp." Journal of School Nursing 22, no. 1 (February 2006): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405060220010901.
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Quality of life in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes is a growing area of interest in pediatric research. The complex diabetes regimen imposes challenges for an adolescent. Adolescents diagnosed with diabetes are a group that appears to be at risk for having a poor health-related quality of life. Although research supports the positive relationship of social support and well-being in adolescents, there are few studies discussing quality of life in adolescents that are based on the factor of social support. This study compared the quality of life in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes who have attended at least one diabetes camp to the quality of life of those who have never attended diabetes camp. Results provided evidence of the value of social support.
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Hanna, Kathleen M., and Diana Guthrie. "Adolescents' Behavioral Autonomy Related to Diabetes Management and Adolescent Activities/Rules." Diabetes Educator 29, no. 2 (March 2003): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572170302900219.
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PURPOSE the purpose of this preliminary study was to describe and explore the behavioral autonomy (both independent functioning and decision making) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS A sample of 34 adolescents with type 1 diabetes completed checklists on independent functioning and decision making for daily and nondaily diabetes management as well as typical adolescent activities/rules. RESULTS Independent functioning in daily diabetes management was greater for older adolescents. Independent functioning and decision making for daily diabetes management, nondaily diabetes management, and typical adolescent activities/rules were strongly correlated. Independent decision making, but not independent functioning for daily diabetes management, was significantly correlated to metabolic control. CONCLUSIONS The strong relationship between independent decision making and functioning suggests that both aspects are important parts of behavioral autonomy to be assessed by healthcare professionals working with adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Healthcare professionals should encourage parental involvement that facilitates adolescents' independent decision making, which was related to better metabolic control in this study.
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Whittemore, Robin, Rebekah M. Zincavage, Sarah S. Jaser, Margaret Grey, Julia L. Coleman, David Collett, Roberta Delvy, Bridget Basile Ibrahim, and Lisa D. Marceau. "Development of an eHealth Program for Parents of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 44, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721717748606.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of parenting an adolescent with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), to develop a prototype of an eHealth program for parents of adolescents with T1DM, and to evaluate the prototype content and acceptability from the perspective of parents and health care providers. Methods A multiphase method was used generating both qualitative and quantitative data at multiple time points. There were 27 parents of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with T1DM and 16 health care providers who participated in semistructured interviews to identify parental challenges; 53 parents and 27 providers evaluated the prototype. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey data. Results Challenges experienced by parents of adolescents with T1DM included understanding the developmental and hormonal changes of adolescence that affect diabetes care, feeling tension between adolescent independence and parent control, communicating without nagging or conflict, transferring diabetes care responsibility safely, dealing with feelings of stress and distress, and perceiving a lack of resources for T1DM care and insufficient personal time for self-care. In the prototype evaluation, both parents and providers found content to be relevant and provided feedback to guide the development of the full program. Conclusions Parents of adolescents with T1DM and providers expressed a need for parents to have more support in transitioning diabetes care from parent to adolescent. eHealth programs offer an ideal way to address these needs and ultimately can be linked to electronic medical records improving quality and efficiency of health care in this population.
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Serlachius, Anna, Erica Frydenberg, Elisabeth Northam, and Fergus Cameron. "A Qualitative Study Exploring Coping Strategies in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes." Children Australia 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jcas.36.3.144.
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Adolescents diagnosed with a chronic illness such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face the typical physical and psychosocial challenges associated with adolescence, as well as the additional challenges of having to cope with the daily stressors of living with a chronic illness. In order to explore coping strategies in this population of adolescents, and to compare the constructs with those identified by the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS), four focus groups were conducted with 13 adolescents with T1DM. The qualitative data was analysed using content analysis and grouped according to the ACS. Prevalent nonproductive coping strategies included Tension Reduction (the use of maladaptive techniques to reduce tension/stress), Ignore the Problem and Keep to Self. Prevalent productive coping strategies included Seek Social Support, Physical Recreation and Seek Relaxing Diversions. The qualitative data not only affirmed the conceptual areas of the ACS for use with adolescents with T1DM, but also highlighted the need to teach coping strategies to adolescents with T1DM to give them an additional skill set to help them better manage the challenges of diabetes.
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Yasir, Reyam Abass, and Afifa Rida Aziz. "Assessment of Diabetes-Specific Routine for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221631104.
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Aims: to assess diabetes-specific routine for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and to find out the relationship between adolescents’ diabetes-specific routine and their sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out for the Assessment of Diabetes-Specific Routine for Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 in Diabetes and Endocrinology Center at Al- Nasiriya City from January 9th, to March 23, 2022. The sample consist of (110) adolescents was selected and they were attending Diabetes and Endocrinology Center for treatment and follow-up. The information was gathered through the use of self-administered instruments which are the diabetes-specific routine scale. Results: the adolescents expressed a moderate response regards specific diabetic routine of T1DM at all studied items of the scale except, the items number (1, 2, 3, 4, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23 and 24) the responses were poor as indicated by low mean scores, as well as, the items number (8, 9 and 14) the responses were good as indicated by higher mean scores. Conclusion: (48.2%) of adolescents exhibited that they follow a routine on a moderate level and there is a significant difference between (diabetic-specific routines for adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1) and some sociodemographic and clinical variables. Keyword: adolescent, diabetes mellitus type 1, specific routine.
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Rose, Meredith, Randi Streisand, Carrie Tully, Lauren Clary, Maureen Monaghan, Jichuan Wang, and Eleanor Mackey. "Risk of Disordered Eating Behaviors in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa027.
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Abstract Objective Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be difficult for adolescents, who often fail to meet glycemic targets. Adolescents are also at an increased risk for negative affect (i.e., anxiety, depressive symptoms) and are prone to disordered eating behaviors (DEB). This study hypothesized that negative affect would be associated with DEB, self-management, and glycemic control, but that this would be moderated by negative urgency (the urge to engage in impulsive behaviors in response to negative affect), such that this relationship would be significant only for those with higher negative urgency. Methods The Eating in Adolescents with T1D Study recruited 100 caregiver-adolescent dyads (55% male youth, 48% Caucasian) to complete questionnaires reporting on the adolescent’s negative affect, negative urgency, DEB, and diabetes management. Glycemic control 3–4 months following survey completion was extracted from the medical record. Results A total of 61% of adolescents reported elevated symptoms of anxiety or depression and 25% reported elevated disordered eating symptoms. A total of 81% of adolescents had an A1c level above recommended targets. Negative affect was associated with DEB, suboptimal T1D self-management, and suboptimal glycemic outcomes, moderated by higher levels of negative urgency. Negative affect was associated directly with suboptimal self-management and glycemic control, but not DEB, at all levels of negative urgency. Conclusions Adolescents reported high levels of negative affect, DEB, and suboptimal glycemic control. Interventions that target negative affect and negative urgency in adolescents with T1D are needed in order to reduce the risk for DEB and negative diabetes health outcomes.
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Damião, Elaine Buchhorn Cintra, and Carolina Marques Marcondes Pinto. "Being transformed by illness: adolescents' diabetes experience." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 15, no. 4 (August 2007): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692007000400008.
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This research aimed to understand the experience of adolescents to live with a chronic illness like diabetes mellitus type 1. Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory were both used as theoretical and methodological frameworks respectively. The results allowed us to know the adolescents' perceptions about their experience in living with diabetes through three themes: Knowing the diabetes diagnosis; Being transformed by illness and Being a sharp life. The adolescents in this study were resilient people because they became stronger in spite of the illness, being transformed. In this way, the resilient adolescent is capable of healing his/her wounds, being in charge of his/her own life and having a full life.
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Ralnikova, Irina A., Marina V. Shamardina, and Anna A. Kislykh. "BUILDING THE FUTURE VISION IN THE ADOLESCENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-2-104-122.
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The paper aims to examine the peculiarities of the vision of the future of adolescents with diabetes mellitus. The research methods include (1) comparative analysis, (2) questionnaire, (3) psychodiagnostic testing, and (4) mathematical and statistical processing (Mann-Whitney U-criterion, factor analysis). The research relevance is due to the fact that the number of adolescents with diabetes mellitus is growing. There is also an escalating need to study the phenomenon of the disease and its representation in the individual aspects of the person and further psychological support of the target audience. In adolescence, the first ideas about life prospects are formed, and a future vision is constructed. Adolescence is an unsteady period in the development and evolution of the personality, which can be complicated by chronic illness. Adolescents may require help and professional support from adults. The scientific novelty of the research lies in obtaining new knowledge about the future vision among adolescents with diabetes mellitus. The way adolescents see their future determines their responses in the present time. Differences in the future vision from healthy peers were displayed. Life perspectives of adolescents with diabetes mellitus have peculiarities because of this chronic disease. Differences in the value-meaning, cognitive, and emotional-evaluation dimensions of adolescents’ life prospects were reported. The study of the cognitive dimension of the life perspective system revealed the events that adolescents with diabetes mellitus fill their future with (health-related situations in their future were mentioned). The study of the emotional dimension indicated that adolescents with diabetes see their future as more distant than adolescents without chronic diseases. The values “health,” “friends,” and “love and family relationships” were significant for adolescents with diabetes. The future seems to be valuable for ill adolescents. Adolescents with diabetes have a more responsible approach to planning and constructing a vision of their future, which may be due to the priority value of “health.” The study revealed differences in the values of adolescents with different periods of illness. Adolescents with five or more years of illness have a higher value of “health” than ill adolescents with a shorter period of illness. Diabetes mellitus affects the construction of adolescents’ life prospects and the formation of the vision of their future. The obtained data can be applied in individual counseling, group work, and work with parents of ill adolescents.
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Bang, Kyung-Sook, Sang-Youn Jang, and Ji-Hye Choe. "Factors Affecting High-Risk for Diabetes among Korean Adolescents: An Analysis Using the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2020)." Children 9, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9081249.
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The purpose of this study was to identify significant factors affecting diabetes and pre-diabetes in South Korean adolescents, including adolescents’ and parental factors. We used data on 416 Korean adolescents aged 12–18 years and their parents (302 fathers and 375 mothers) from the eighth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey gained in 2020. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Rao–Scott χ2 test, and univariate logistic regression using complex sample analysis. Among the participants, 101 adolescents (22.7%) were classified as the high-risk group for diabetes. Significant factors affecting the risk for adolescent diabetes in both sexes were higher BMI, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin. The father’s high degree of stress perception was only related to male adolescents, and the father’s poor subjective health status was related to females at risk for diabetes. In mothers, physician-diagnosed diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c were factors affecting both sexes. Results from this study can be used as preliminary data for the early detection of high-risk groups for diabetes in adolescents, and for the development of systematic health care guidelines to prevent diabetes in adolescents.
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Pelicand, Julie, Dominique Charlier, Marc Maes, Severine Henrard, and Isabelle Aujoulat. "Metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: looking at the role of perceived consistent parenting support of self-care." Education Thérapeutique du Patient - Therapeutic Patient Education 10, no. 1 (June 2018): 10204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tpe/2018008.
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Objectives: Different parenting practices contribute differently to the development of adolescent self-care. However, little is known about the impact of consistent parenting practices on adolescent self-care and metabolic control. Our study aimed to explore the association between parenting practices and adolescent metabolic control when both parents were consistent in supporting the adolescent’ management of (i) diabetes alone, (ii) psychosocial life issues alone and (iii) both diabetes and psychosocial life issues. Moreover, we looked at the types of consistent parenting practices most frequently associated with optimal metabolic control. Methods: 31 adolescents with type 1-diabetes aged 13 to 15 were interviewed during a diabetes summer camp in France. A mixed-methods (both qualitative and quantitative) design was used in order to code the different reported parenting practices, and to identify associations between different types of perceived parental consistencies and the adolescents’ metabolic control. Results: The results significantly support the hypothesis that consistent parental support of all aspects of self-care is associated with better glycaemic control in young adolescents. Conclusion: A dimension of family work should be more systematically included in diabetes care in order to strengthen the parents’ capacity to effectively and adequately support their adolescents’ emerging self-care capacity in the medical and psychosocial dimensions of self-care.
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The Lancet. "Adolescents with diabetes." Lancet 385, no. 9982 (May 2015): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60975-8.
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Vesco, Anthony T., Aneta M. Jedraszko, Kimberly P. Garza, and Jill Weissberg-Benchell. "Continuous Glucose Monitoring Associated With Less Diabetes-Specific Emotional Distress and Lower A1c Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2018): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296818766381.
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Background: Psychosocial impact research of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited. The present study assesses associations between diabetes technology use on adolescent- and parent-perceived diabetes-specific distress and A1c. Method: Adolescents with T1D and parents (N = 1040; primarily mothers) completed measures of diabetes distress. Adolescents were categorized by technology use: CGM Alone, CSII Alone, CGM+CSII, or No Technology. ANOVA, regression, and Cohen’s d were used for group comparisons on measures of diabetes distress and A1c. Analyses also compared groups on clinical elevations of distress. Results: CGM use was associated with less adolescent distress compared to No Technology ( d = 0.59), CGM+CSII ( d = 0.26), and CSII Alone ( d = 0.29). Results were similar but with smaller effect size for parent-reported distress, although CGM+CSII showed equivocal association with parent distress compared to No Technology ( d = 0.18). CGM Alone was associated with lower A1c compared to No Technology ( d = 0.48), to CSII Alone ( d = 0.37), and was comparable to CGM+CSII ( d = 0.03). CGM+CSII conferred advantage over CSII Alone ( d = 0.34). Clinical elevation of distress was associated with not using any technology particularly for adolescents. Conclusions: Technology use is associated with lower adolescent distress than lower parent distress. CGM Alone is associated with lower adolescent and parent distress than CSII or CGM+CSII. This appears to be clinically meaningful based on cut scores for measures. CGM is associated with lower A1c independent of being used alone or with CSII.
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Mansyah, Barto. "Sistematik Review: Faktor Resiko Obesitas terhadap Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 pada Remaja." Jurnal Surya Medika 7, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v7i1.2420.
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Degenerative diseases or non-communicable diseases are caused by changes in lifestyle, especially changes in diet. One of the degenerative diseases is type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by insufficient insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased glucose production in the liver. Adolescence is a critical period, unhealthy dietary habits are one of the risky behaviors in adolescence, and an unhealthy diet in adolescents is one of the causes of obesity. Obesity is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and most adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus are obese at diagnosis. This study is a systematic review study with article search methodology through Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elsevier with the keywords Obesity as a Risk Factor for Type II Diabetes Mellitus in adolescents. There are 12 research articles identified. It is known that obsession in adolescents is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus—type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. The importance of providing education that focuses on lifestyle changes that aim to reduce the level of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents as well as education is also given to all family members so that families understand the importance of lifestyle changes for the successful management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Singh, Emma, Susan P. Farruggia, and Elizabeth R. Peterson. "Adolescents with diabetes: support from healthcare teams and families." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0013.
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Abstract Adolescents with diabetes must learn to manage their own health plans. Support from family is typically associated with positive self-management outcomes, yet less is known about how healthcare teams can facilitate positive self-management. This study aims to investigate the associations between family and healthcare team support and adolescent emotional, behavioral and physical diabetes management. Method: A sample of 58 adolescents with type 1 diabetes completed self-report measures of their diabetes self-care management and their emotional distress or burden in relation to their diabetes. Adolescents’ diabetes clinic attendance and glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) levels were also secured. Results: Perceived positive support from the healthcare team or family appeared to have little or negative effect on diabetes management. However, the study found that greater healthcare non-support was related to poorer self-care and poorer self-management of diabetes control (less clinic attendance, poorer dietary control, less glucose testing, and higher HBA1c levels), and greater feelings of being distressed or burdened by diabetes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that healthcare teams supporting adolescents should focus more on communicating and building relationships with adolescents in order to reduce perceived negative feelings of healthcare teams’ support.
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Stefanaki, Charikleia. "Prediabetes and Adolescence—Trends, Causes, Effects, and Screening." US Endocrinology 12, no. 02 (2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2016.12.02.94.
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I ntermediate hyperglycemia, or prediabetes, is increasing worldwide, affecting people of all ages, including adolescents. Hormonal, physiological, psychological, and lifestyle changes in adolescence have been associated with disruptions in glucose homeostasis, such as decreased insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, or the combination of both. As a rule, glucose homeostasis is ameliorated, in normal subjects, when puberty is completed. However, in susceptible individuals, like obese adolescents, or adolescents with a strong genetic background, there is a progression to type 2 diabetes onset. Thus, susceptible adolescents should be screened for prediabetes, using fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and oral glucose tolerance testing. Prediabetic adolescents should be counseled for a healthy lifestyle including healthy dietary habits, increased physical activity, and/or stress management. Other pathological conditions should be adequately treated. Early recognition of prediabetes in adolescence will prevent type 2 diabetes onset, decreasing the diabetes-associated health burden in adult life. This review aims to revise the associations and elucidate on the gaps between prediabetes and adolescence, via a comprehensive review of the current medical literature.
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Weber, Bruno, and Stuart Brink. "ISPAD DECLARATION OF KOS." Pediatrics 94, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): A26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.6.a26.
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On September 4, 1993, on the island of Kos, the members of the International Study Group of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents (ISGD), assembled at our 19th annual international scientific meeting and in the process of transforming ISGD into the International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), renew their Hippocratic Oath by proclaiming their commitment to implement the St Vincent Declaration to promote optimal health, social welfare, and quality of life for all children and adolescents with diabetes around the world by the year 2000. We take this unique opportunity to reaffirm the commitments by diabetes specialists in the past and, in particular, unanimously pledge to work towards the following: 1. to make insulin available for all children and adolescents with diabetes; 2. to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of acute metabolic complications or missed diagnosis related to diabetes mellitus; 3. to make age-appropriate care and education accessible to all children and adolescents with diabetes as well as to their families; 4. to increase the availability of appropriate urine and blood self-monitoring equipment for all children and adolescents with diabetes; 5. to develop and encourage research on diabetes in children and adolescents around the world; and 6. to prepare and disseminate written guidelines and standards for practical and realistic insulin treatment, monitoring, nutrition, psychosocial care and education of young patients with diabetes—and their families—emphasizing the crucial role of health care professionals—and not just physicians—in these tasks around the world.
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Standiford, Debra A., Angela M. Turner, Susan R. Allen, Debra J. Drozda, and Gail C. McCain. "Personal Illness Models of Diabetes: Preadolescents and Adolescents." Diabetes Educator 23, no. 2 (April 1997): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179702300204.
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The purpose of this research study was to explore personal illness models of preadolescents and adolescents regarding diabetes mellitus. Personal illness models were defined as the adolescents' cognitive representations of their disease. Sixty children ages 10 to 17 years with a diagnosis of insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. Data were content analyzed for common themes. Although most participants expressed an understanding that their disease would last a lifetime, they were hopeful for a cure. Participants wanted healthcare professionals to provide strategies for controlling blood glucose to prevent future complications. Family and friends who followed the same diet as the adolescent with diabetes were viewed as supportive. The majority of adolescents were responsible for much of their own disease management. Their greatest fears concenled insulin reactions and long-term complications such as amputation of limbs.
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Twig, Gilad, Inbar Zucker, Yair Zloof, Yaron Cohen, Aya Bardugo, Avishai Tsur, Miri Lutski, et al. "RF28 | PSUN302 Obesity at Late Adolescence and Incident Type 1 Diabetes in Young Adulthood." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A429—A430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.893.
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Abstract Aims Studies in children reported an association between increased body mass index (BMI) and risk for developing type 1 diabetes (T1D), but evidence in late adolescence is limited. We recently investigated the association between adolescent BMI and type 2 diabetes in young adulthood (Diabetes Care 2020, 43(7): 1487-95) and here we studied on the same cohort the association between late adolescent BMI and incident T1D. Methods All Israeli adolescents, ages 16-19, undergoing medical evaluation in preparation for mandatory military conscription between January 1996 and December 2016 were included for analysis unless they had a history of dysglycemia (n=1,462,362; 40% women). Data were linked to information about adult onset of T1D in the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Weight and height were measured at study entry and BMI was computed and transformed to age- and sex-adjusted BMI percentiles according to US Center for Diseases Control. The definition of T1D was determined based on anti-diabetic drugs and was confirmed for a subpopulation of the cohort to which islet autoantibodies data were available. Cox proportional models were applied, with BMI analyzed both as a categorical and continuous variable. Results There were 777 incident cases of T1D during 15,810,751 person-years (mean age at diagnosis 25.2±3.9 years). The median follow-up period was 11.2 years (IQR 5.8-16.3), with follow-up length shorter for individuals with a higher BMI. The crude diabetes rate showed a consistent graded increase across BMI groups from underweight to obesity; 3.6 to 8.4 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex and socio-demographic variables, the hazard ratios (HRs) for T1D were 1.05 (95% CI 0.87-1.27) for the 50th–74th BMI percentiles, 1.41 (1.11–1.78) for the 75th–84th BMI percentiles, 1.54 (1.23–1.94) for adolescents with overweight (85th–94th percentiles), and 2.05 (1.58–2.66) for adolescents with obesity (BMI≥95th percentile)(reference group, 5th-49th BMI percentile group). One increment in BMI standard deviation was associated with 25% greater risk for incidence of T1D (HR=1.25, 95%CI 1.17-1.32). when the presence of one or multiple (≥2) islet antibodies was added as a criterion for T1D definition, the HRs among those with adolescent obesity were 2.90 (1.80-4.68) and 3.14 (1.68-5.88) respectively. Results were marginally affected by level of adjustment for sociodemographic background, were similar when analysis was stratified by sex, and also persisted when the study population was limited to adolescents with unimpaired health in order to mitigate confounding by coexisting illness. The fraction of type 1 diabetes attributed to adolescent overweight and obesity (Population attributable risk%; PAR%) was 10.1% (95%CI 6.3%-14.2%). Conclusions Adolescent overweight and obesity in apparently healthy adolescents were associated with increased risk for incident type 1 diabetes in early adulthood. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m., Monday, June 13, 2022 1:24 p.m. - 1:30 p.m.
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Zulissetiana, Eka Febri, Elsafani Faddiasya, Nursiah Nasution, Irfannuddin, and Sadakata Sinulingga. "Increased Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Obese Adolescents." Biomedical Journal of Indonesia 6, no. 3 (November 24, 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bji.v6i3.235.
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The Increment of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Obese Adolescent. Obesity in childrenand adolescents is a serious concern because the prevalence is increasing every yearthroughout the world. Obesity in children and adolescents is associated with anincreased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and diabetes. Glycatedhemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recommended as a diagnostic tool to identify diabetes. Thepurpose of this study was to determine differences in levels of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) in obese and non-obese adolescents aged 15-19 years. This study was anobservational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conductedin Palembang 1 Public High School and the Faculty of Medicine of Sriwijaya Universityand found 50 subjects consisting of obese adolescents and non-obese adolescent groups.Nutritional status was determined by measuring body mass index according to age andgender. Examination of HbA1c levels was carried out using a Nycocard Reader. Theresults of the study with Mann Whitney alternative test showed a p value of 0,000 (p<0.05) with an average HbA1c level in obese adolescents by 6.1% and an average HbA1clevel in non-obese adolescents by 4.7%. In conclusion, HbA1c levels in obese adolescentsaged 15-19 years are higher than non-obese adolescent.
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Rosen Bloom, A. L. "Diabetes Control and Adolescents." Diabetes Care 8, no. 3 (May 1, 1985): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.8.3.304a.
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Matthes, J. W. A., and B. M. Ansari. "Diabetes control in adolescents." Practical Diabetes International 7, no. 2 (March 1990): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pdi.1960070214.
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Castro Viegas, Cynthia Griselda, and Francisca Georgina Macedo De Sousa. "NECESSIDADES TÉCNICAS-INSTRUMENTAIS DO CUIDADOR DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM DIABETES." Enfermagem em Foco 6, no. 1/4 (April 4, 2016): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21675/2357-707x.2015.v6.n1/4.579.
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A investigação objetivou compreender necessidades de cuidadores familiares no cuidado à criança/adolescente com diabetesmellitus em contexto domiciliar. Estudo qualitativo com dados coletados por entrevista não estruturada e tratamentoapoiado pela Análise Temática. Participaram do estudo 11 cuidadores familiares de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes. Asnecessidades dos cuidadores familiares no cuidado aos filhos com diabetes mellitus foram agrupadas na dimensão suportetécnico-instrumental compreendida a partir das necessidades de suporte financeiro para atender às exigências nutricionais/dietéticas; de suporte para o cuidado nos contextos domiciliar e escolar. Esse processo configurou-se rico em exigências ondeo cuidador familiar vivencia dificuldades e privações reveladas como necessidades para a continuidade do cuidado e para oprocesso de viver.Descritores: Cuidado Periódico, Diabetes Mellitus, Cuidado da Criança, Adolescente.INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES REQUIRED FOR A CAREGIVER OF CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS WITH DIABETESThe research aimed to understand the needs of family caregivers in child care / adolescent with diabetes in the family context.It is a qualitative descriptive study with data collected by unstructured interview and treatment supported by thematic analysis.Study participants were 11 family caregivers of children and adolescents with diabetes. The needs family caregivers to carefor children with diabetes mellitus were grouped technical and instrumental support scale ranging from the needs of needfor financial support to meet the nutritional/dietary requirements; support needs for care in home and school contexts. Thisprocess set is rich in requirements where the family caregiver experiences hardships and privations as revealed needs forcontinuity of care and the process of living.Descriptors: Episode of Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Child Care, Adolescent.NECESIDADES TÉCNICAS-INSTRUMENTALES DEL CUIDADOR DE NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON DIABETESLa investigación tuvo objetivo comprender necesidades de los cuidadores familiares en el cuidado del niño/adolescentecon diabetes en contexto familiar. Trata de estudio descriptivo cualitativo con datos recolectados a través de entrevistas ytratamiento con el análisis temático. Los participantes del estudio fueron 11 cuidadores familiares de niños y adolescentes condiabetes. Las necesidades de los cuidadores familiares cuidan los niños con diabetes mellitus fueron agrupados en escala deapoyo técnico e instrumental que van desde las necesidades de apoyo financiero para cubrir requerimientos nutricionales/dietéticos; apoyo necesario para la atención los contextos familiar y escolar. Este conjunto proceso es rico en los requisitos queel cuidador familiar experimenta dificultades y privaciones como las necesidades reveladas por la continuidad de la atención yel proceso de la vida.Descriptores: Episodio de Atención, Diabetes Mellitus, Cuidado del niño, Adolescente.
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McAlpin, Ngina, Cordelia R. Elaiho, Farrah Khan, Cristina Cruceta, Crispin Goytia, and Nita Vangeepuram. "Use of Focus Groups to Inform a New Community-Based Youth Diabetes Prevention Program." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 9655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159655.
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There have been few youth-led diabetes prevention programs. Our objective was to conduct focus groups to explore peer influences on adolescent lifestyle behaviors and strategies for implementing a youth peer education model for diabetes prevention. We conducted six focus groups with 52 youth (ages 13–22; 62% male, 38% female; 64% Hispanic, 36% non-Hispanic Black) from East Harlem, NYC. We used a Thematic Analysis approach to identify major themes, compared findings, and resolved differences through discussion and consensus. Three dominant themes arose: (1) Adolescents generally encounter more unhealthy peer influences on diet and more healthy peer influences on physical activity; (2) Adolescents endorse youth-led diabetes prevention strategies and describe ideal qualities for peer leaders and methods to support and evaluate leaders; (3) Adolescents prefer text messaging to monitor behaviors, track goals, and receive personalized guidance. Using study findings, our Community Action Board developed a peer-led diabetes prevention program for prediabetic adolescents.
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Ranawaya, J., D. Saleh, K. Gregroire, and L. Ruhland. "Use of Mobile Technology in the Care of Adolescents With Diabetes." Paediatrics & Child Health 21, Supplement_5 (June 1, 2016): e92a-e92a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e92a.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The advent of personalised cell phones and mobile technology has created an increasing desire to integrate these resources into the care of pediatric patients with diabetes. Adolescents in particular often have poor diabetes self-management practises and fail to meet glyce-mic targets. Mobile technology use is prevalent among adolescents and the idea of using this technology to assist with diabetes self-care is appealing. However, integrating this technology into clinical practice is challenging and many practitioners do notknow where to start. OBJECTIVES: To describe the use, benefits, and limitations of mobile technology in diabetes care among adolescents and their parents, and to assess if mobile technology use is linked to lower HbA1c levels. DESIGN/METHODS: This cross sectional study involved adolescents age 11-18 years and their parents who were recruited during their regular diabetes patient care visits at two separate pediatric diabetes centres. Patients and parents completed a questionnaire designed by study authors. Patients' two most recent HbA1c levels were recorded following survey completion. RESULTS: 100 adolescents and 80 parents completed the questionnaire. Device ownership was high, with 89% of adolescents and 100% of parents owning at least 1 device. Only one third of the cohort reported using mobile technology for their diabetes care. The commonest reason for non-use was lack of awareness of apps for diabetes care (53% adolescents, 60% parents). Among mobile technology users, texting and calculation were the most frequently used apps. Apps for calorie and carb counting were also frequently used, among which CalorieKing™ was the highest reported (44% adolescents; 47% parents). Insulin pump specific programs including Diasend® and Medtronic CareLink® were reported by 14.8% adolescents and 14.3% parents. The average HbA1c for the entire cohort was 8.0%, with no statistically significant difference between adolescent mobile technology users and non-users (7.8% vs 8.3%; p=0.22). However, mean HbA1c was found to be lower among those adolescents whose parents used mobile technology for their management (7.6 % vs 8.2 %; p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Only a minority of adolescents use mobile technology for their diabetes care, and lack of awareness was the major barrier to mobile technology use. Basic smartphone functions including texting and calculation were the most cited apps used. Parental technology use was associated with improved glycemic control. Considering the widespread use of mobile technology among young people, there remains untapped potential for greater use of this technology towards improved self-care in adolescents with diabetes.
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Browne, Caroline, Marie Marshall, and Simon Heyland. "Diabeteens: A therapeutic group for adolescents with diabetes." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 205 (January 2010): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2010.1.205.36.
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Banerjee, Ananya Tina, Anisha Mahajan, Avantika Mathur-Balendra, Nazima Qureshi, Marlon Teekah, Shindujan Yogaratnam, Priya Prabhakar, et al. "Impact of the South Asian Adolescent Diabetes Awareness Program (SAADAP) on diabetes knowledge, risk perception and health behaviour." Health Education Journal 81, no. 1 (October 26, 2021): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00178969211051054.
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Objective: Evidence suggests the increased prevalence of diabetes among South Asian (SA) adolescents is due to their genetic risk profile. The South Asian Adolescent Diabetes Awareness Program (SAADAP) is a pilot intervention for SA youth in Canada with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We sought to investigate changes in (1) diabetes knowledge and associated risk factors, (2) risk perception and (3) health behaviours among adolescents participating in SAADAP. Design: One-group pre-test, post-test design informed by a commitment to community-based participatory research (CBPR). Setting: Sixty-eight adolescents aged 13–17 years with a family history of T2DM participated in SAADAP in a clinical-community setting in Canada. Method: Pre–post questionnaires were administered to evaluate diabetes knowledge and associated risk factors, risk perceptions and health behaviours. Analyses were restricted to 49 participants who attended at least four diabetes education sessions. Results: The mean age of adolescents was 14.5 years, and 57.1% self-identified as girls. The difference in knowledge about the definition, symptoms and complications of T2DM from baseline to post-intervention was 3.32 out of 21 ( p < .001) among SA youth. There was significant increase in learning about diabetes risk factors ( p < .001) from baseline to post-intervention. Almost 60% of participants exhibited no change in their risk perception after intervention. Approximately two-thirds of the participants self-reported positive changes in health behaviours after completing the programme. Conclusion: SAADAP showed promising outcomes in raising knowledge and improving health behaviours in SA adolescents with a family history of diabetes. Larger controlled trials with longer follow-up are recommended to support and expand on the current findings.
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Datye, Karishma, Kemberlee Bonnet, David Schlundt, and Sarah Jaser. "Experiences of Adolescents and Emerging Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 45, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721718825342.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to adherence in type 1 diabetes through adolescent focus groups and to use this information to determine how diabetes educators can have a positive impact on their patients’ diabetes management. Methods Two focus groups were conducted with adolescents and young adults (n = 11) ages 17 to 21 with type 1 diabetes. A focus group script, which consisted of 4 open-ended questions about diabetes care and challenges associated with management of diabetes, was used to elicit discussion. The focus group transcripts were coded and analyzed using the inductive-deductive approach. Results Participants described unique barriers to and facilitators of self-care behaviors in their management of type 1 diabetes. A conceptual framework was developed to describe adherence to self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Biological, psychological, and environmental situational influences emerged that influence self-care behaviors. In addition, facilitators of self-care behaviors, including the health system and diabetes education, were identified, and together the interaction between situational influences, facilitators, and self-care behaviors influenced adherence to diabetes treatment. Conclusions The conceptual framework based on these focus groups may help diabetes educators assess and address barriers to self-care behaviors in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.
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Faulkner, Melissa Spezia, Sara Fleet Michaliszyn, Joseph T. Hepworth, and Mark D. Wheeler. "Personalized Exercise for Adolescents With Diabetes or Obesity." Biological Research For Nursing 16, no. 1 (August 20, 2013): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800413500064.
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Objective: This study examined adherence to a personalized, community-based exercise intervention by sedentary adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes or those with obesity. Research design and Methods: We conducted a pretest–posttest investigation to explore the application of an individualized exercise prescription based upon current fitness level for 39 adolescents (20 with type 1 diabetes, 9 with type 2 diabetes, and 10 obese) over 16 weeks in community settings. Subjects were recruited from a university-based pediatric endocrinology clinic in the southwestern United States. Adherence to the exercise prescription was monitored using accelerometers over the entire intervention period. Results: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels significantly increased over sedentary baseline values ( p < .001), but the average of 42.5 ± 22.1 min/day of MVPA determined at the end of the study was still less than the recommended 60 min/day. Perceptions of health were significantly increased for the total group following the intervention ( p = .008). For those with type 1 diabetes, there was a significant association between MVPA duration and percentage change in HbA1c ( r = −.526, p = .02). Conclusions: Recruitment and retention of adolescent participation in daily exercise is challenging. Personalized approaches that include adolescent choices with family support and ongoing motivation can improve individual exercise adherence and a sense of personal health.
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Chambers, Rachel A., Dane Hautala, Anne Kenney, Summer Rosenstock, Marissa Begay, Nicole Neault, Leonela Nelson, et al. "Empowering Native Adolescents: Responsibility for Their Health Behaviors." American Journal of Health Behavior 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.45.1.1.
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Objectives: In this study, we assess the impact of a home-based diabetes prevention program, Together on Diabetes (TOD), on adolescent responsibility-taking for tasks related to diabetes risk. Methods: Participants were Native American youth ages 10-19 with or at risk of type 2 diabetes who participated in a 12-session, 6-month diabetes prevention program with an adult caretaker. Assessments completed at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up include demographics and the Diabetes and Obesity Task Sharing (DOTS) Questionnaire. We used latent class analysis (LCA) at baseline to examine heterogeneity in DOTS responses. We identified 3 classes (adolescent, shared, caretaker). We used latent transition analysis to examine stability and change in latent status at baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-up. Results: At baseline, the mean age of participants was 13.6 years and 55.9% were boys. From baseline to 6-month follow-up, the adolescent class was most stable, whereas the shared and caretaker classes were less stable. For participants who transition from the adolescent class, most transition to shared class compared to caretaker class. Conclusions: TOD helps to empower Native American adolescents to take responsibility for their health and engage with their caregivers in these decisions.
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Ispriantari,, Aloysia, and Dian Pitaloka Priasmoro. "PENERIMAAN DIRI PADA REMAJA DENGAN DIABETES TIPE 1 DI KOTA MALANG." Dunia Keperawatan 5, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dk.v5i2.4116.
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ABSTRAKDiabetes tipe 1 merupakan penyakit kronis yang paling banyak diderita oleh anak dan remaja di dunia. Remaja dengan diabetes tipe 1 membutuhkan manajemen diabetes yang lebih kompleks dibandingkan dengan anak-anak maupun dewasa. Penerimaan diri akan kondisinya pada remaja dengan diabetes tipe 1 sangat dibutuhkan agar kualitas hidup remaja tetap optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan penerimaan diri pada remaja dengan diabetes tipe 1. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semua remaja berusia 10-19 tahun yang tergabung dalam IKADAR (Ikatan Diabetesi Anak dan Remaja) Kota Malang yang berjumlah 24 anak. Variabel yang diteliti adalah penerimaan diri yang diukur dengan menggunakan kuisioner Berger’s Self Scale Acceptance yang kemudian dianalisis univariat dan disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah mean skor penerimaan diri remaja dengan diabetes tipe 1 sebesar 44,25 yang artinya memiliki penerimaan diri yang baik. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kematangan emosional, dukungan sosial yang baik dan lama menderita diabetes.Kata Kunci: Diabetes tipe 1, Remaja, Penerimaan DiriABSTRACTType 1diabetes is the most common chronic disease of children and adolescents in the world. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes require more complex diabetes management than children and adults. Acceptance of their condition is needed for optimum the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to describe self-acceptance in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.The method on this study was descriptive. The samples were all adolescents aged 10-19 years who joined IKADAR (Ikatan Diabetesi Anak dan Remaja) in Malang City, which were 24 children. The variable of this study was self-acceptance measured by Berger's Self Scale Acceptance questionnaire and then analyzed and presented in the form of frequency distribution and percentage. The results were mean score was 44.25 so it can be condludes that adolescents with type 1 diabetes has a good self-acceptance. It was influenced by emotional maturity, good social support and long suffering from diabetes.Keywords: Adolescents, Diabetes Type 1, Self-Acceptance
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Hawley, Nicola L., Anna C. Rivara, Joshua Naseri, Kitiona Faumuina, Noelle Potoa’e-Solaita, Francine Iopu, Mata’uitafa Faiai, et al. "Protocol: Implementation and evaluation of an adolescent-mediated intervention to improve glycemic control and diabetes self-management among Samoan adults." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): e0279084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279084.
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Background Diagnoses of Type 2 Diabetes in the United States have more than doubled in the last two decades. One minority group at disproportionate risk are Pacific Islanders who face numerous barriers to prevention and self-care. To address the need for prevention and treatment in this group, and building on the family-centered culture, we will pilot test an adolescent-mediated intervention designed to improve the glycemic control and self-care practices of a paired adult family member with diagnosed diabetes. Methods We will conduct a randomized controlled trial in American Samoa among n = 160 dyads (adolescent without diabetes, adult with diabetes). Adolescents will receive either a six-month diabetes intervention or a leadership and life skills-focused control curriculum. Aside from research assessments we will have no contact with the adults in the dyad who will proceed with their usual care. To test our hypothesis that adolescents will be effective conduits of diabetes knowledge and will support their paired adult in the adoption of self-care strategies, our primary efficacy outcomes will be adult glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors (BMI, blood pressure, waist circumference). Secondarily, since we believe exposure to the intervention may encourage positive behavior change in the adolescent themselves, we will measure the same outcomes in adolescents. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, after active intervention (six months post-randomization) and at 12-months post-randomization to examine maintenance effects. To determine potential for sustainability and scale up, we will examine intervention acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, reach, and cost. Discussion This study will explore Samoan adolescents’ ability to act as agents of familial health behavior change. Intervention success would produce a scalable program with potential for replication in other family-centered ethnic minority groups across the US who are the ideal beneficiaries of innovations to reduce chronic disease risk and eliminate health disparities.
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Cunha, Maria da Conceição Santos Oliveira. "Self-Care Among Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Bearing People: Adolescents’ Experience / Autocuidado em Pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1: Vivências de Adolescentes." Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2019.v11i2.289-296.
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Objetivo: Conhecer as vivências de adolescentes acerca do autocuidado. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, entrevistas semiestruturadas foram conduzidas com 14 adolescentes, entre 12 a 18 anos, cadastrados em laboratório de endocrinologia pediátrica na cidade de Fortaleza, CE. Resultados: Com base nos dados desvelados observamos os seguintes enfrentamentos: adesão ao autocuidado; dilemas de ser adolescente com diabetes e ações do profissional de saúde e da família para o autocuidado do adolescente. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa com adolescentes portadores de diabetes demonstrou a importância do autocuidado apoiado como uma ferramenta que poderá ser operacionalizada por profissionais e família, favorecendo a adesão ao tratamento.
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Lica, Maria Melania, Annamaria Papai, Andreea Salcudean, Maria Crainic, Cristina Georgeta Covaciu, and Adriana Mihai. "Assessment of Psychopathology in Adolescents with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (IDD) and the Impact on Treatment Management." Children 8, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8050414.
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Assessing mental health in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) is an issue that is underperformed in clinical practice and outpatient clinics. The evaluation of their thoughts, emotions and behaviors has an important role in understanding the interaction between the individual and the disease, the factors that can influence this interaction, as well as the effective methods of intervention. The aim of this study is to identify psychopathology in adolescents with diabetes and the impact on treatment management. A total of 54 adolescents with IDD and 52 adolescents without diabetes, aged 12–18 years, completed APS–SF (Adolescent Psychopathology Scale–Short Form) for the evaluation of psychopathology and adjustment problems. There were no significant differences between adolescents with diabetes and control group regarding psychopathology. Between adolescents with good treatment adherence (HbA1c < 7.6) and those with low treatment adherence (HbA1c > 7.6), significant differences were found. In addition, results showed higher scores in girls compared with boys with IDD with regard to anxiety (GAD), Major Depression (DEP), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Eating Disturbance (EAT), Suicide (SUI) and Interpersonal Problems (IPP). No significant differences were found regarding the duration of the disease. Strategies such as maladaptive coping, passivity, distorted conception of the self and the surrounding world and using the negative problem-solving strategies of non-involvement and abandonment had positive correlation with poor glycemic control (bad management of the disease). The study highlighted the importance of promoting mental health in insulin-dependent diabetes management.
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Lu, Yang, Elizabeth A. Pyatak, Anne L. Peters, Jamie R. Wood, Michele Kipke, Marisa Cohen, and Paola A. Sequeira. "Patient Perspectives on Peer Mentoring." Diabetes Educator 41, no. 1 (November 13, 2014): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721714559133.
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Purpose The purpose of the study was to identify attitudes and topics relevant to peer mentoring as an adherence-promoting intervention for adolescents and young adults (YAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Self-administered survey data were collected in 2 diabetes clinics from a convenience sample of adolescents as prospective mentees (ages 13-18) and YAs as prospective mentors (ages 19-25) with T1D. Survey topics included demographics, disease history, glycemic control, adherence, depression, barriers to disease management, social support, and interest in peer mentoring. Descriptive statistical analyses, thematic coding, and stepwise multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results A majority of the 54 adolescents and 46 YAs expressed interest in a peer mentoring program. Having supportive friends and living in a large household positively predicted adolescent interest in having a peer mentor. Approximately one-third of all participants experienced social barriers to diabetes management. For adolescents, barriers included inflexible schedules, unfamiliar foods, and the embarrassment of checking blood glucose in front of others. Young adults reported barriers in tracking food consumption and remembering to check blood glucose. Various diabetes management skills were in high demand by adolescents, who especially desired to learn about managing T1D on their own and in college. Participants were open to multiple communication modes, including in-person meetings, phone, text messaging, and social media. Conclusions Many adolescents and young adults with T1D are interested in peer mentoring as a way to facilitate learning and sharing essential diabetes management skills and experiences.
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Bardugo, Aya, Estela Derazne, Inbar Zucker, Cole D. Bendor, Gal Puris, Miri Lutski, Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, et al. "Adolescent Thyroid Disorders and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 9 (May 29, 2021): e3426-e3435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab382.
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Abstract Context Thyroid hormones play a key role in systemic metabolism, yet the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and risk for type 2 diabetes is unclear. Objective To assess type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood among adolescents with thyroid disorders. Design and Setting A nationwide, population-based study of Israeli adolescents who were examined before military recruitment during 1988 to 2007 and were followed until December 31, 2016. Participants 1 382 560 adolescents (mean age 17.3 years). Interventions The diagnosis of thyroid disorders was based on recent thyroid function tests. Data were linked to the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Cox proportional hazard models were applied. Main Outcome Measures Type 2 diabetes incidence. Results During a mean follow-up of 18.5 years, 1.12% (69 of 6,152) of adolescents with thyroid disorders were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes vs 0.77% of adolescents without thyroid disorders. The hazard ratio (HR) for type 2 diabetes was 2.3 (95% CI, 1.8-2.9) among those with thyroid disorders, after adjustment for sex, birth-year, body mass index, and sociodemographic confounders. The increased diabetes risk was observed in both men and women, with the presence or absence of obesity, and in the absence of other health conditions and was associated with different types of thyroid disorders. It was also similar when the outcome was defined as type 2 diabetes diagnosed at or before the age of 30 years (HR 2.3, 95% CI, 1.5-3.5). Conclusions Thyroid disorders diagnosed in adolescence are a risk factor for early-onset type 2 diabetes in both men and women.
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Łuczyński, Włodzimierz, Izabela Łazarczyk, Ilona Szlachcikowska, Żaneta Kiernozek, Anna Kaczmarek, Oliwia Szylaj, Agnieszka Szadkowska, Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot, Barbara Głowińska-Olszewska, and Artur Bossowski. "The Empowerment of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated with Their Executive Functions." BioMed Research International 2019 (April 30, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5184682.
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Background. Adolescence is a difficult period for young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), both in psychological and clinical terms. Empowerment therapy may support these patients, provided they are ready to change and have adequate executive functions to facilitate this change. Therefore, we hypothesise that the readiness of adolescents with T1DM to change is related to clinical features and/or their executive functions. Methods. Using the Diabetes Empowerment Scale and the Behavioural Rating Inventory of Executive Function, we evaluated patients with T1DM duration of more than one year from three Polish diabetes centres of the PolPeDiab study group (N = 146). We related the data to features associated with disease and treatment and compared the results to those of adolescents without diabetes (N = 110). Results. We observed that adolescents with T1DM had a higher rate of abnormal results in executive function tests than their peers without diabetes (p > 0.05). Diabetes empowerment in this group of patients decreased with disease duration (r = -0.25, p = 0.006) and increased with deteriorating metabolic control (HbA1c; r = 0.25, p = 0.006). The greater the deficiencies in executive functions among adolescents with T1DM, the greater their readiness to change. The relationship between executive functions and diabetes empowerment is partially gender-differentiated. Conclusions. To conclude, we propose individualized diabetes education in this group of patients based on the assessment of readiness to change and executive functions.
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Franco Poveda, Kristy, Martha Holguín Jiménez, Geny Rivera Salazar, and Mercy Gordillo Ojeda. "Nutritional assessment of Nursing in pregnant adolescents." Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de investigación 3, no. 29 (June 3, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31876/er.v3i29.590.
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Introductionthe stage of adolescence is a vital process to become adults, where physiologically many changes are going to occur and eating habits will significantly influence this process. Pregnant women should maintain a balanced, varied and sufficient diet to avoid future nutritional complications related to inadequate intake, producing imperfections in fetal growth and development. Objectiveto assess the nutritional status of pregnant adolescents and identify the socio-psycho-cultural and intrafamilial factors that influence it. Materials and methodsQuantitative, descriptive and transversal. Technique: Observation and Direct Survey. Instrument: Questions questionnaire and direct observation matrix directed to pregnant teenagers. Resultspregnant adolescents between 17 to 19 years of age who were in the second trimester of pregnancy, with complications characterized by low weight, anemia, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. Discussionthey live in precarious conditions or in an environment of violence, so that the maintenance of pregnancy or the growth of the infant will become difficult.Conclusions The pregnant adolescent is considered high risk due to the complications involved from the anato-physiological structure.
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Simon, Stacey, Janet Snell-Bergeon, Irene Schauer, and Kristen Nadeau. "0599 Sleep duration across the lifespan in type 1 diabetes and association with cardiometabolic risk." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.596.
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Abstract Introduction Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at high risk for morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease which begins as early as adolescence. Some studies have reported a high prevalence of insufficient sleep in this population which may be due to behavioral and physiological aspects of T1D and its management. Emerging evidence suggests a link between short sleep duration and increased cardiometabolic risk, but this has not been specifically examined across the lifespan in individuals with T1D. Methods Inclusion criteria were T1D duration > 9 months, HbA1c 6.5-10% for adults and ≤ 12% for adolescents, and ages 12-60 years. Participants completed home monitoring for one week with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and wrist actigraphy prior to a study visit with anthropometric measurements, fasting autonomic/orthostatic and laboratory testing. Peripheral arterial stiffness was measured by Dynapulse brachial artery distensibility (BAD), and insulin sensitivity was estimated by the validated CACTI equation utilizing waist circumference, fasting triglycerides, adiponectin, and diastolic blood pressure. Sleep variables, glycemic markers and health parameters were examined by age group (adolescent vs. adult) using students t-test for univariate comparisons, and linear regression models for age, sex and diabetes duration-adjusted comparisons by age group. Results Forty-two adolescents (mean age 16 ± 3 years, diabetes duration 7.4 ± 5 years, HbA1c 8.4 ± 1.1%) and 42 adults (mean age 41 ± 10 years, diabetes duration 21 ± 13 years, HbA1c 7.4 ± 0.9%) completed the study. Sixty-two percent of adolescents and 74% of adults obtained insufficient sleep (< 7 hours of sleep per night). When examined in linear regression adjusted for age group, sex, diabetes duration and age, insufficient sleep was associated with higher BMI (adults), BMI percentile (adolescents), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and lower estimated insulin sensitivity and BAD (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Most adolescents and adults with T1D obtained insufficient sleep. Objectively-estimated insufficient sleep was associated with worse markers of cardiometabolic risk. Further study examining the impact of sleep health interventions in this population is warranted as sleep may be an important and novel target for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with T1D. Support (If Any) JDRF grant 3-SRA-2015-125-M-R
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Lee, Yenna, and Sung Hee Choi. "Pharmacothearpy of Adolescents with Diabetes." Journal of Korean Diabetes 12, no. 4 (2011): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4093/jkd.2011.12.4.211.
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Laurencin, M. Grace, Ronald Goldschmidt, and Lawrence Fisher. "Type 2 diabetes in adolescents." Postgraduate Medicine 118, no. 5 (November 2005): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2005.11.1685.
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Betschart, Jean. "CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH DIABETES." Nursing Clinics of North America 28, no. 1 (March 1993): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02834-1.
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Wolfsdorf, J. I. "Improving diabetes control in adolescents." Diabetes Care 22, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.11.1767.
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