Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diabète de type 2 – étiologie'
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Begorre, Marc-Antoine. "Physopathologie du récepteur de type 2 à l'angiotensine I l (AT2R) clans le développement du diabète et de ses conséquences cardiovasculaires." Angers, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024122/document.
Full textDiabetes is a constantly progressing pathology described by a high blood-glucose levels. Its treatment is currently based on insulin therapy to regulate glycaemia levels, and several drugs standards for cardiovascular diseases. However, a better understanding of mecanisms involved in its physiopathology remain needed to improve patients care. Thus, we studied here the role of angiotensin Il type 2 receptor (AT2R) in development and cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Indeed renin-angiontensin system is a key regulator of diabetes physiopathology but is targeted mostly by angiotensin Il type 1 receptor antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. By using two models of diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2) and a AT2R knock-out mouse model that AT2R interestingly possesses two opposite roles in diabetic pathology : it protects from diabetes induction and development but improve vascular complications associated with diabetes as endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Our results show that AT2R could be a new therapeutic target in diabetes
Maurin, Lucas. "A multi-omics approach to identify key genes in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas and their role in T2D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS068.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial, complex disease characterised by chronic elevated blood glucose, and caused by genetic and environmental factors, such as ageing. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified the genetic causes of T2D, epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have had limited success in capturing the environmental impact due to the tissue-specificity of epigenetic changes, very small sample sizes, and the lack of functional studies. Furthermore, the extent of the interaction between genetic and epigenetic variation remains poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to contribute to our understanding of how environmental factors contribute to T2D pathogenesis, and its progression towards related complications, notably pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).In the first project, we investigated the interplay between age and T2D-associated epigenetic changes and genetic variation in pancreatic islets of 124 individuals, of which 16 had T2D. We developed a novel integrative approach combining DNA methylation, gene expression, and genotyping to identify triad associations, examining whether genetic and epigenetic influence each other. We identified 301 and 743 CpGs associated with age and T2D, respectively, which impacted nearby gene expression (within a 2 Mb window). Of these, less than 10 % were influenced by nearby genetic variants, suggesting that environmentally-driven epigenetic changes operate largely independently of genetic variation. Notably, only three genes, SIX3, ST6GAL1, and TIPIN, were found to co-localise with T2D GWAS risk variants, and were also under epigenetic regulation. Characterisation of the epigenetically-regulated genes highlighted key T2D candidates, including OPRD1 and MEG3. Importantly, adding methylation risk scores (MRS) to polygenic risk scores (PGS) improved T2D risk prediction, underscoring the additive value of epigenetic studies. Our findings suggest that most genes are regulated either by genetic or epigenetic factors, but rarely both.In the second project, we explored the epigenetic influence of T2D in the exocrine pancreas, to explore why T2D individuals are at a higher risk of developing pancreatic disease, notably PDAC, one of the deadliest cancers. We performed an EWAS for T2D (25 T2D individuals and 116 non-diabetic) and identified a single hypermethylation in cg15549216, located in the Pancreatic Lipase Related Protein 1 (PNLIPRP1) gene, which was corelated with a decreased expression of the gene. Knockdown of Pnliprp1 in the rat acinar cell line AR42J increased cholesterol levels, reduced proliferation, and induced acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), hallmarks of the early stages of PDAC. Notably, this effect was reversed by treatment of statin, highlighting the translational potential of these findings. Additionally, a rare variant analysis using the UKBiobank linked PNLIPRP1 to LDL-cholesterol, confirming the functional results. We propose a model where epigenetic and genetic mechanisms act independently but synergise to promote pancreas injury and disease progression.This thesis underscores the importance of studying DNA methylation as an unbiased approach for identifying environmental factors that contribute to disease. Our findings reveal that these epigenetic alterations are largely independent of genetic factors, underscoring their complementary role T2D pathogenesis. Additionally, PNLIPRP1 serves as an example of how epigenomic studies can indeed identify novel biomarkers with a translational relevance, offering new insights into disease mechanisms and progression
Salazar, Vázquez Lilian Shadai. "How protein misfolding can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease : the case of islet amyloid polypeptide involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2019SORUS371.pdf.
Full textTo have a biological function, a protein folds into a specific structure. The cell controls the correct folding of the proteins and has mechanisms to detect and eliminate misfolded proteins; nevertheless some proteins achieve to avoid this control process. Amyloid proteins are misfolded proteins that form a characteristic type of elongated amyloid fibril; depending on the protein sequence and the site of amyloid deposition they are related to different human diseases. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) a 37 amino acid peptide co-produced and co-secreted with insulin by β-cells, is involve in type 2 diabetes disease and belongs to this group of amyloid proteins. The fibrils are formed in the pancreatic islet. However the conditions under which the fibers are formed and their cytotoxicity in other cells are still unknown. Here we show that the human IAPP flanking peptides, produced during hIAPP maturation, N-terminal and C-terminal are not amyloidogenic and the toxicity of human IAPP in different cell lines. We find through biophysical assays ThT, TEM and CD that N-terminal and C-terminal residues of IAPP do not form fibrils in solution, in artificial vesicles or in cells and do not modify hIAPP toxic effect. For the toxicity of hIAPP we use Ins-1 (β-cells), SHSY5 (neuronal), F442A and 3T3L1 (adipose), mhAT3F (hepatic) and C2C12 (muscle) lines. We observe fibril formation in all cell lines, however the toxicity do not related directly with the presence of fibril. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for more in vitro studies in different cells lines. Furthermore, IAPP fibril inhibition could be a target for anti-amyloid drug development
Ramadan, Wiâm. "Étude des répercussions d'un régime enrichi en graisses, du diabète de type 2 et de la metformine sur la fonction respiratoire à l'éveil et au cours du sommeil chez le rat mâle adulte." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIED004.
Full textTo day, it is difficult to distinguish the respective role of obesity and metabolic disorders as insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus in the occurrence of respiratory disorders and notably sleep apneas since these disorders are typically diagnosed late in their course. Data from literature suggest that, although increase morbidity and mortality from this syndrome, the mechanisms underlying this pathology remain poorly understood. This lack of knowledge stems in part from a paucity of animal models to study naturally occurring apnea during sleep. The aim of this work was to study insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus repercussions on energetic metabolism, ventilation, apneas occurrence in absence of obesity and diaphragmatic contractility by using the rat model fed high fat diet developed by Reed et al (metabolism, 2000). Our study was also designed to assess whether the use of metformin, one of the most common drugs used in the treatment of insulin resistance, could reverse or suppress the possible ventilation impairments and apnea occurrence. This study demonstrates that insulin resistance increases apneas score during sleep in absence of obesity. This increase was reversed by metformin treatment reinforcing the idea that insulin resistance could induce ventilatory disorders during sleep independently of obesity. This study also demonstrated that metformin treatment in parallel with high fat fed diet prevent the development of sleep apnea syndrome. The decrease, in vitro, of the force of diaphragm, the principal inspiratory muscle, could be linked to an increase of apnea during sleep. Indeed, morphological modifications in diaphragmatic fibres had been shown with an increase of type IIb fibres and a decrease of type I and IIa fibres in diabetic rats
Bauvin, Pierre. "Modélisation de la stéatose hépatique (NAFLD) et de ses facteurs de risque par apprentissage sur des données de santé." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S028.
Full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease which is a combination of simple, slowly progressing steatosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory form which accelerates its progression. It is estimated that one in four people in the world is affected by NAFLD, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly, in parallel with the prevalence of its main risk factors: overweight, obesity and type 2 diabetes.This pathology is asymptomatic up to the complications, cirrhosis and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC), which leads to late diagnosis and a negative impact on the associated morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the reference diagnosis requires a liver biopsy, an invasive examination that cannot be performed routinely. As a result, the progression of the disease is poorly known and its estimation may suffer from a selection bias, towards patients with significant risk factors, who require a biopsy in the first place. A better understanding would allow the implementation of strategies to reduce its burden.The modelling approach is appropriate to take into account all susceptible patients, without having to carry out a large-scale follow-up study using liver biopsies in patients who are mostly asymptomatic. The objectives of this thesis are to describe and quantify the progression of NAFLD, to predict the associated morbidity and mortality, and to identify the population at risk, using Markov models. To do this, it is necessary to fill in some of the progression parameters via a literature review, to characterise the initial states (population likely to develop NAFLD) and the final states (mortality due to NAFLD), in order to deduce the missing progression parameters between the onset of the disease and mortality, by back-calculation.To exhaustively characterise NAFLD mortality, we identified all patients with cirrhosis or HCC from national hospital databases, representing more than 380,000 patients. We then developed an identification algorithm to determine the etiology underlying the hepatic complication, based on all the stays of the identified patients. This algorithm requires the identification of patients with cirrhosis or HCC of alcoholic or viral origin, to obtain by elimination only NAFLD patients. Once the specific mortality data had been obtained, we estimated the population likely to develop NAFLD, defined as all individuals with overweight or type 2 diabetes, excluding the population of excessive drinkers. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of this population, and modelled its evolution with age and years, based on individual data from surveys representative of the French population.Finally, we quantified the progression of NAFLD, and the impact of risk factors, using two approaches: from the literature, and from biopsy data from more than 1,800 obese patients who were candidates for bariatric surgery, resulting in a tool for predicting the progression of NAFLD in this population. We chose to back-calculate the progression parameters corresponding to the asymptomatic states, which are the most susceptible to selection bias.We obtained a model of the progression of NAFLD, taking into account the dynamic distribution of the population among weight classes and diabetes status, and resulting in the observed statistics of NAFLD deaths. The model takes into account gender, age, year, BMI (body mass index) class, diabetes status and the presence of a genetic polymorphism (PNPLA3 rs738409, C→G) as covariates of progression. It is a tool for assessing the impact of a possible treatment or public health policy on morbidity and mortality
St-Yves, Annie. "Diabète gestationnel : le risque et la prévention du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28802/28802.pdf.
Full textWomen with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) are at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Weight gain during childbearing-age period was associated with deteriorated insulin sensitivity and higher risk of T2D among women with prior GDM of our study. Healthy eating was not optimal in order to prevent T2D among these women. Application of the theory of planned behavior suggest that an intervention to increase intention to adopt healthy eating among women with prior GDM would need to focus on straightening the perception of its beneficial effect on weight control and on providing information on healthy eating and coping with availability of non-healthy foods in order to prevent future development of T2D among these women.
Ferret-Bernard, Stéphanie. "Rôle des cellules myéloi͏̈des dans la pathogénie du diabète de type 1 : mise en évidence d'un déficit de différenciation, de maturation et de fonction des macrophages inhibiteurs chez la souris Non Obese Diabetic." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2015.
Full textInhibitory macrophages (iMacs), recruited during intense immune responses, exert immunosuppressive functions via a NO secretion and cellular interactions with activated T lymphocytes. These cells could limit expansion of autoreactive T cells and may thus participate to the control of autoimmune disease development. The aim of our study was to characterize iMacs phenotype and function in a privileged model of autoimmune diabetes, the non obese diabetic (NOD) mouse comparatively to the BALB/c mouse. As the origin of iMacs was poorly known, we showed firstly their differentiation from hematopoietic progenitor cells. Secondly, we described that iMacs could not differentiate and mature in vitro efficiently from hematopoietic progenitors of NOD mouse. Finally, following an immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide, known to induce iMacs recruitment in spleen of BALB/c mice, we observed deficiencies of NOD mouse iMacs differentiation and function
Nguyen, Thi Thu Ha. "Antidépresseurs et diabète de type 2 : une approche pharmacoépidémiologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30096.
Full textThe association between antidepressant (AD) use and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is debated. We hypothesized that if it exists, this risk may differ between AD classes and even between individual ADs depending on their pharmacodynamic characteristics. Several pharmacological targets of ADs could more specifically be involved in this Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR). We applied a combined "Pharmacoepidemiological-Pharmacodynamic" (PE-PD) approach to test these hypotheses in the World Health Organization international database of suspected ADRs (VigiBase®). This method allows establishing ADR mechanism hypotheses through pharmacoepidemiological studies considering fundamental data (e.g. binding affinity). A significant signal for an increased T2D reporting risk was found with ADs in comparison with all other drugs presented in VigiBase®. The PE-PD study suggested that the inhibition of serotonin reuptake via serotonin transporter (SERT) could be involved in AD-induced T2D. Indeed, the inhibition of serotonin reuptake owing to ADs (resulting in an excess of serotonin transmission) may induce T2D in a short time mediated by inhibiting insulin release. We then aimed to investigate the impact of ADs on short-term (1 year) T2D occurrence by conducting an exploratory study. We performed a retrospective matched exposed-unexposed to AD cohort study in the UK primary care database (the Clinical Practice Research Datalink). "New AD users" and matched "new anxiolytic (AX) users" were included in the study and were followed up during the first year from their cohort entry. Outcome was new-onset T2D. Survival analysis at the first year of follow-up demonstrated that there was no difference between the occurrence of T2D and AD exposure in general in comparison with the control group of AX users. However, a significant increase of incident T2D cases was observed for AD exposure duration less than 3 months and this T2D seemed to be reversible in some patients. In conclusion, the results suggested that (1) high affinity for the SERT could partially explain the appearance of T2D in AD users, and (2) when rapidly appraising this ADR could be reversible in some patients
Poussin, Agathe. "Hypercortisolisme infra-clinique dans le diabète de type 2." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23003.
Full textDao, Thi Mai Anh. "Inflammation intestinale et diabète de type 2 : effet du Resveratrol." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22956.
Full textThe TD2 is characterized by a low-grade inflammatory state that impairs the secretion and action of insulin. Environmental pollutants such as POP (Persistent Organic Pollutants) and the change in gut flora induced by a high fat diet (HFD), are suspected to play an important role in the installation of this inflammation.The intestine is one of the first tissues exposed to pathogenic bacteria and some POP. This organ is also the first take part in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. So, it is reasonable to assume that chronic inflammation of the bowel may affect the development of TD2. Our objectives were: to assess the role of inflammation in the enterocyte development of diabetes TD2 and clarify the effect of Resveratrol (RSV) on the disease.Our results suggest that intestinal inflammation is involved in the establishment of a TD2. This inflammation could affect TD2 through releasing inflammatory cytokines, reducing the concentration of GLP-1 and promoting the passage of diabetogenic factors from the intestine to target tissues of insulin. The induction or reduction of intestinal inflammation by factor inflammatory (BaP) or anti-inflammatory (RSV) are respectively associated with worsening or improvement of the diabetic state.We also showed that the RSV could improve the diabetic state by normalizing the intestinal flora modified by diet and HFD, by increasing the concentration of GLP-1. In addition, co-administration of sitagliptin with RSV, an inhibitor of the enzyme DPP4,which degrade GLP-1, shows a potentiation of the effect of RSV in the sitagliptin: These results open the door for the use of RSV in the prevention and treatment of TD2.Keywords: Resveratrol, type 2 diabetes
Tenenbaum, Florence. "Hormones vaso-actives et natriurétiques et hémodynamique rénale dans le diabète de type 2 (non insulino-dépendant) : étude avant et après normalisation glycémique." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM025.
Full textSobngwi, Eugène. "Place du déficit de l'insulinosécrétion dans la physiopathologie du diabète de type 2 : étude de deux populations de descendants de parents diabétiques et d'une cohorte de patients diabétiques de type 2 à tendance cétosique." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077049.
Full textAbderrazak, Amna. "Rôle de l'inflammasome NLRP3 dans l'athérosclérose et le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066735/document.
Full textThe NLRP3 inflammasome activity is abnormally elevated in many human inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) respectively. Therefore, there is considerable interest in the identification of effective therapeutics that selectively inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In this study, we have identified Arglabin as a potential small molecule inhibitor that targets the NLRP3 inflammasome activity in cell culture and in an animal model, the ApoE2.Ki mice fed a high-fat Western-type diet (HFD). Arglabin, a plant sesquiterpene lactone, has been used extensively as an herbal remedy that proved effective in treating cancer of the liver, lungs and breast at early stages. Arglabin inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, IL-1β and IL-18 production in lipopolysaccharide and cholesterol crystal-activated cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, Arglabin activated autophagy as evidenced by the increase in LC3-II protein. Intraperitoneal injection of Arglabin (2.5 ng/g body weight twice daily for 13 weeks) into female ApoE2.Ki mice fed a HFD resulted in a decreased IL-1β plasma level and reduced plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Treatment of ApoE2.Ki mice fed a HFD with Arglabin significantly reduced the plasma concentration of anti-oxLDL antibodies. Moreover, Arglabin oriented the proinflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in spleen and arterial lesions. Consequently, a marked reduction in atherosclerotic lesions was observed in the median areas in the sinus and whole aorta. In comparison to vehicle-treated mice, Arglabin reduced plasma levels of glucose and insulin. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of active caspase 3 in Langerhans islets of ApoE2.Ki mice fed a HFD that was significantly inhibited by Arglabin treatment. Moreover, Arglabin reduced susceptibility to apoptosis in cultured INS-1 cells by increasing concentration-dependently Bcl-2 levels, which led to concomitantly decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In cultured INS-1 cells, Arglabin increased the expression of the autophagic markers Becline 1 and LC3-II in a concentration-dependent manner. Consequently, our results indicate survival-promoting properties of the Arglabin molecule in pancreatic β-cells.In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Arglabin may represent a promising new drug to treat atherosclerosis and T2DM
Sartippour, Maryam Radimeh. "Caractérisation de la lipoprotéine lipase macrophagique dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/NQ53306.pdf.
Full textPerreault, Josiane. "Prédiction du diabète de type 2 à partir de paramètres cliniques simples." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26506/26506.pdf.
Full textLecompte, Sophie. "Etude du rôle du gène PROX1 dans le diabète de type 2." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790524.
Full textLeblond, Julie. "Utilisation des thiazolidinediones chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3351.
Full textOca, Karine. "Intérêt de l'autosurveillance glycémique dans le diabète de type 2 : l'expérience dacquoise." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M001.
Full textLe, Collen Lauriane. "Médecine de précision du diabète de type 2 et des obésités génétiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS042.
Full textThis scientific thesis delves deeply into critical health issues, specifically diabetes, obesity, and rare familial lipodystrophies. These health concerns hold immense importance due to their substantial medical and financial implications, impacting individuals, healthcare systems, and national economies. The central aim of this research was to harness the capabilities of next-generation sequencing (NGS), such as exome sequencing, to detect genetic mutations within genes already associated with these conditions in diagnostically challenging patients. It is now established that up to 2% of cases of type 2 diabetes can be attributed to pathogenic variants in genes related to Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). This study sought to enhance the diagnostic process and optimize therapeutic management for these complex conditions while demonstrating the effectiveness of the sequencing approach in comprehensive disease management.In a first case, we showcased the significance of this approach by examining a patient with an atypical syndromic form of diabetes. Through in-depth genetic analysis using NGS, we identified a pathogenic heterozygous variant in the WFS1 gene inherited from the diabetic father. This discovery had a profound impact on the patient's treatment, highlighting the effectiveness of GLP1 analog therapy in optimizing diabetes management. Furthermore, our study investigated the impact of a de novo deletion in 16q24.2, which had the potential to affect the regulation of a neighboring gene, FOXC2, implicated in lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome. This case also raised questions about neurodevelopmental disorders, potentially linked to this deletion and a variant located in USP9X inherited from the patient's mother. These results underscore the critical importance of precise diagnosis in selecting appropriate treatments.In a second article, our research focused on the PDX1 gene, responsible for MODY 4, by analyzing heterozygous carriers of pathogenic variants. Our investigations revealed complete penetrance of diabetes, an increase in body mass index, and an elevated risk of pancreatic insufficiency in these individuals. Once again, the judicious use of GLP1 analogs proved beneficial in optimizing glycemic control.Next, we explored the case of a patient suffering from morbid obesity, presenting with combined pituitary deficiency and composite heterozygosity in POMC. This observation challenged the previous notion that heterozygosity in POMC could cause monogenic obesity. This reconsideration raises crucial questions about the effectiveness of targeted treatment with MC4R agonists in POMC heterozygotes, posing significant financial challenges for its use in this indication.Finally, we studied a large family with a severe metabolic syndrome associated with partial lipodystrophy. Genetic analysis revealed a variant in the ZMPSTE24 gene, previously identified in the same geographic region, raising the question of a founder variant. However, the contribution of this heterozygous variant to partial lipodystrophy remains to be confirmed, necessitating further studies to definitively establish its role.In conclusion, this thesis has highlighted the remarkable efficacy of next-generation sequencing in elucidating complex cases of atypical diabetes and obesity, shedding light on monogenic forms of these conditions. Moreover, this research expanded its investigations to the broader population through comprehensive literature reviews and analysis of various databases, including the Human Gene Mutation Database, RaDIO, and UK Biobank. We hope that these compelling results will encourage wider adoption of genetic sequencing, paving the way for increased customization of treatments based on patients' genotypes in the near future
Poggi-Travert, Florence. "Contribution de l'hyperglycémie au risque cardiovasculaire des diabétiques de type 2." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066497.
Full textBouhier-Roddier, Muriel. "Le diabète, entre culture et santé publique : approche anthropologique des représentations du diabète de type 2 à la Réunion." La Réunion, 1999. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/99_20_Bouhier.pdf.
Full textLafarge, Jean-Charles. "Cathepsine S : nouvelle cible dans le diabète de type 2 associé à l’obésité ?" Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066107.
Full textCathepsin S (CatS) is a cysteine protease, which has been implicated in a wide range of disease, including autoimmune disorders and atherosclerosis. We previously showed that adipose tissue and serum CatS increased with obesity and decreased after weight loss. These variations coincide with alteration and improvement of glycemic status, respectively, leading us to investigate the impact of CatS on glucose homeostasis. In human studies, we found that serum CatS positively associated with blood-derived indices of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In mice studies, the deletion of CatS induced a robust reduction of serum glucose that persisted under high-fat diet and with aging. CatS deficient (CatS-KO) mice showed improved glucose tolerance, with no change in whole body insulin sensitivity. Hepatic glucose metabolism was predominantly affected by CatS deletion. Reduced rate of basal glucose turnover, blunted glycemic response to gluconeogenic substrates and down-regulation of key gluconeogenic genes collectively point to gluconeogenesis as the metabolic pathway targeted in CatS-KO mice liver. Pharmacological inhibition of CatS in diet-induced obese mice recapitulated the low glucose phenotype induced by CatS deletion by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis. Hence, small molecule anti-CatS therapy has the potential to dampen elevated endogenous glucose production in obese subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. These findings extend the pathogenic contribution of CatS to include glycemic deterioration and broaden the therapeutic field of CatS inhibitors to cardiometabolic complications in human obesity
Saulnier, Pierre-Jean. "Étude des déterminants génétiques et environnementaux des complications du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT1403/document.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health issue because of vascular and renal complications, which are complex diseases with interaction between genetic and environmental determinants.The objective of this work was to study these determinants in three independent populations of T2D patients by coupling cross-sectional (DIAB2NEPHROGENE) and longitudinal studies (SURDIAGENE and DIABHYCAR). Through a candidate-gene approach, we first focused on the natriuretic peptides system, NPR3 gene and sodium intake and then on the metabolic pathway of sex hormones, CYP19A1 gene (coding for aromatase) and sex steroid levels.Our first results showed that NPR3 rs2270915 G Allele was associated with high blood pressure (BP) and a reduced salt-sensitivity of BP. However, this SNP was not associated with any significant risk of cardio-vascular events (CVE) or death, at variance with rs6889608. Ultimately, CVE-free survival was impacted by salt intake with a reduced risk of morbi-mortality in those patients having the greatest intake, though a higher BP.In our second study, we confirmed that male gender was a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN), but also for the occurrence of CVE. In men, we showed higher levels of estradiol (E2) associated with a higher prevalence of ND but without any significant increase in renal or CVE during follow-up. CYP19A1 variants were not associated with either E2 levels or the prevalence of ND. However, 2 SNPs tested, were significantly associated with the occurrence of end stage renal failure. Altogether, we have identified 2 different metabolic ways contributing to the genetic determinants of complications associated with T2D including a gene-environment interaction
Marcouiller, François. "L'impact du diabète de type 2 sur la phosphorylation de tau in vivo." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28358/28358.pdf.
Full textRiant, Elodie. "Effets protecteurs des œstrogènes sur l'insulino-résistance et le diabète de type 2." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/686/.
Full textAlthought corroborating data indicate that estrogens protect against insulino-resistance and glucose metabolism throught the activation of the estrogen receptor a (ERa), it has not been established wether this pathway could represent an effective therapeutic target to fight against metabolic disturbances induced by a high-fat diet. Based on the study of animal models in vivo, our experimental approach allowed us to demonstrate that: 1) Activation of the path of ERa in vivo exerts a protective effect in a mouse model subjected to a fat diet, and more precisely, limits the development of adipose tissue, preserves insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and prevents also the occurrence of fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. 2) Furthermore, activation of ERa enhanced inflammatory response characterized by cytokine production in organs sensitive to insulin (liver, fat) and infiltration of macrophages in adipose tissue. This proinflammatory effect results from direct activation of cells derived from bone marrow, but appears dissociated from the metabolic protective effect. Despite its pro-inflammatory effect, selective activation of the path of ERa could be an effective strategy to reduce the deleterious impact of dietary patterns hyperlipidaemia
Eid, Assaad. "Gluconéogenèse rénale in vitro dans des modèles animaux de diabète de type 2." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10035.
Full textDupont, Sophie. "Etude des déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 dans la population française." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-308.pdf.
Full textPérol, Louis. "Immunothérapie par faibles doses d'IL-2 : potentiel therapeutique dans le diabète de type 1." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066328.
Full textCD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are essential for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is mandatory for the homeostasis of Treg cells and its administration at low-doses induces a specific dose-dependent boost of Treg cells. Previous work has demonstrated that a short-tem treatment with low-doses IL-2 can revert established autoimmune diabetes in the NOD mouse model. However, this strategy induces long-term reversal in only 30% of the treated mice and can be optimized. During my PHD, my work has focused on the optimization of T1D therapy with low-doses of IL-2. First, we tried to combine low-doses of IL-2 with rapamycin, an immunosuppressive drug known to mainly affect Teff cells. The combined treatment (IL-2/Rapa) did not induce diabetes reversal and even reversibly broke IL-2-induced tolerance. Then, we tried to increase the IL-2 dose in order to increase the amplitude of the Treg boost. However, despite an important Treg cell boost, high-doses IL-2 administration to pre-diabetic NOD mice was toxic and precipitated T1D onset. In a second project, we described the existence of neutralizing anti-IL-2 autoantibodies in NOD mice and T1D patients. Our data suggested that anti-IL-2 autoantibodies negatively impacted on Treg cell homeostasis in vivo, contributing to the impaired immune tolerance observed in NOD mice and T1D patients. Altogether, our results lead to the consideration of low-doses IL-2, alone or combined, for the treatment of T1D. In addition, our demonstration of the existence of anti-IL-2 autoantibodies in NOD mice and T1D patients leads to a better understanding of T1D physiopathology
Plourde, Charles-Étienne. "Les mécanismes de résolutions du diabète de type 2 induits par la chirurgie bariatrique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6038.
Full textPereira, Laëtitia. "Physiologie et pathologie du couplage excitation-contraction cardiaque : cardiomyopathie du diabète de type 2." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T033.
Full textJlali, Islem. "Le diabète de type 1 et le diabète de type 2, deux acteurs de déconditionnent physique : implication de la fonction pulmonaire et de l'oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS076.pdf.
Full textDiabetes is a complex metabolic condition characterized by disruption of glucose and lipid metabolism. This metabolic alteration has structural and functional repercussions on several target organs such as the lungs and muscle and cerebral tissue. The literature about impaired pulmonary function as well as muscle and cerebral dysfunction in individuals with diabetes, is very large and sometimes contradictory. Furthermore, these alterations can manifest in daily situations, such as exercise, and are frequently associated with micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Although regular exercise is known to improve glycemic control and consequently limit micro- and macroangiopathy, often individuals with diabetes have limited aerobic fitness and exercise intolerance.The main objective of this thesis work was to evaluate the impact of diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia on several stages of the oxygen transport chain at rest and during exercise in individuals with diabetes free from micro and macrovascular complications.In a first part, we examined the effect of diabetes on pulmonary function at rest, by measuring pulmonary flow and volumes using spirometry, as well as alveolar capillary diffusion capacity. Our results showed that, at rest, people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) had values comparable to those of healthy subjects for alveolar capillary diffusion capacity. Furthermore, in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), lung flow and volumes were similar to those of healthy individuals and were not altered, even after maximal exercise.In a second part, we looked at ventilatory responses and muscle and cerebral oxygenation during maximal incremental exercise. We observed, in individuals with T1D, that tidal volume was reduced during maximal exercise, which could explain the altered maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). This altered VO2max is also observed in people with T2D who present a reduced deoxyhemolobin (HHb) and a reduced total hemoglobin (Hbtot) reflecting impaired blood volume in the active muscle. Furthermore, in people with T2D, we observedalterations in cerebral hemodynamics, characterized by a decrease in oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and total hemoglobin during maximal exercise.In conclusion, our results highlight that, although alterations in pulmonary function are still absent at rest, subclinical alterations appear in muscle and cerebral oxygenation during exercise in individuals with diabetes, even in the absence of micro and macrovascular complications. The research work of this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the functional limitations observed in individuals with diabetes and opens perspectives for more targeted management of their metabolic and cardiorespiratory health
Berardet, Corentin. "Développement de techniques physiques et chimiques pour l’étude et l’inhibition de l’oligomérisation et de l’agrégation de IAPP : intérêt dans le diabète de type II." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS445.
Full textThe rising prevalence of type II diabetes, and associated adverse cardiovascular risks, is now considered as a major public health challenge. The aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is linked to beta-cell degeneration and to the pathogenesis of type II diabetes. The mechanism of hIAPP toxicity and the species involved (oligomers and/or fibrils) are far to be elucidated, although recent studies have shown that early formed species could be the most toxic species. Very few techniques are currently available to monitor in real time this oligomerization and to evaluate inhibitors of this pathological process. During this PhD project, we investigated CE and IMS-MS as potential techniques to monitor in vitro and in real time the oligomerization of hIAPP. A CE-UV method has been developed, which allows the activity evaluation of new inhibitors. An IMS-MS method has also been developed to investigate the interactions formed between hIAPP and the inhibitors. Peptidomimetics inhibitors have been rationally designed and synthesized in order to destabilize beta-sheets structures formed during the oligomerization process of hIAPP. The evaluation of those compounds revealed a relation between their structures and their inhibitory activities. Cellular viability tests are on-going to get more insights on those molecules activity
Feseke, Keboya Solange. "L'association entre les niveaux d'arsenic urinaire et la prévalence du diabète de type 2 au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25875.
Full textOBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the association between As exposure, as measured by total As concentration in urine, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The study involved 3517 adults who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) carried out from 2007 to 2009. All participants had a blood test for glucose and glycated hemoglobin determination. Urine analysis was also performed for total arsenic determination. In addition, participants answered a detailed questionnaire about their lifestyle and medical history questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression to identify significant relationships, while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Total urinary As is positively associated with type 2 diabetes and pre- diabetes: Adjusted odds ratio of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.12 to 2.95) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.02 to 4.07), respectively. Total urinary As is also associated with glycated hemoglobin in untreated diabetics. CONCLUSIONS: The association between arsenic exposure and the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes is observed in the Canadian population.
Pérez, Herrera Norma Maria. "Passage à l'insuline chez les aînés diabétiques de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24234/24234.pdf.
Full textVigneault, Jessica. "Étude des altérations métaboliques associées au diabète de type 2 selon le statut pondéral après une grossesse compliquée par un diabète gestationnel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25796.
Full textWomen with prior gestational diabetes present higher risk to develop adverse metabolic complications such as type 2 diabetes in the years following delivery. In recent years, the prevalence of gestational diabetes has increased and proportionally reflects the increase in the rates of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Findings from the present study suggest that a genetic score is associated with both gestational diabetes and progression to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes. Secondly, metabolic deteriorations associated with gestational diabetes were investigated on glucose and insulin homeostasis according to weight status after delivery. Even with a normal weight, women with previous gestational diabetes present higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes and present same clinical risk factors compared to overweight and obese women. A further increase in postpartum weight favours the apparition of metabolic deteriorations in women with gestational diabetes.
Ben, Abdeljelil Anis. "Le traitement du diabète de type 2 chez les moins de 65 ans : description et qualité du traitement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26384/26384.pdf.
Full textMunkonda, Mercedes Nancy. "Le rôle de l'ASP dans la résistance à l'insuline et le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29282/29282.pdf.
Full textHamdi, Haithem. "Usage des IECA / ARA II chez des aînés traités contre le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28259/28259.pdf.
Full textRamin-Mangata, Stéphane. "Le rôle du récepteur aux LDL et de PCSK9 dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0005.
Full textStatins are lipid-lowering drugs widely prescribed to prevent cardiovascular diseases. They inhibit the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol and thereby increase LDLR gene expression by activating the SREPB-2 transcription factor. The positive effects of statins regarding cardiovascular diseases are undisputable. However, their action is limited by the proprotein convertases subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), the natural inhibitor of the LDL receptor (LDLR), which is also activated by the SREBP-2 transcription factor. As a result, novel lipid-lowering strategies targeting circulating PCSK9 have emerged and have been approved recently. These are the PCSK9 inhibitors. Despite their well-established beneficial effects, the use of high doses of statins for long-term treatments induces in rare instances the onset of type 2 diabetes in predisposed individuals. In addition, “loss of function” genetic variants of PCSK9 are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The effects of long term use of PCSK9 inhibitors on the risk of type 2 diabetes remain to be established. Thus, we hypothesized that cholesterol overload of insulin secreting pancreatic beta cells induced by the overexpression of the LDLR at their plasma membranes following treatment with statins and PCSK9 inhibitors may cause cell dysfunction, lower insulin secretion, and ultimately type 2 diabetes. The aims of my thesis were (i) to determine the circulating levels of PCSK9 and their modulation by statins in patients with type 2 diabetes, (ii) to determine if reduced circulating PCSK9 levels are predictive of new onset type 2 diabetes and finally (iii) to investigate the effect of statins, PCSK9, and PCSK9 inhibitors on beta cell function. Using three cohorts of patients, we showed that circulating PCSK9 plasma levels are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and that reduced circulating PCSK9 levels are negatively associated with insulin resistance and elevated fasting blood glucose. In human pancreatic sections and human pancreatic beta cell lines, we showed for the first time that PCSK9 is expressed, synthesized and secreted only by beta cells in pancreatic islets. We did not find any significant effect of PCSK9 or PCSK9 inhibitors on glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Altogether, my thesis works underpin that the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in the clinic will probably not be diabetogenic. This is reassuring regarding the development of these new lipid-lowering therapies
Deloumeaux-Tyndal, Jacqueline. "Aspects épidémiologiques des anomalies du métabolisme glucidique et du diabète de type 2 en Guadeloupe." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21376.
Full textType 2 diabetes is now qualified as a worldwide epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The links of type 2 diabetes with co morbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, focuse on the need of primary health care in the next decades. Guadeloupe is a French Carobbean archipelago with more than 422 000 inhabitants including people of Indian and African descents and Caucasians. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes reaches 6,6 % in general population compared to 22,5 % in subjects of Indian descents which are respectively 2 and 7 fold higher than in mainland France. Diabetic subjects represent about 30 % of patients on hemodialysis with a mortality rate 3 fold higher than non diabetic subjects. Our works are presented in four studies preceded by a review of the literature. The association between anthropometric parameters (WHO criteria) and type 2 diabetes was studied for potential use in clinical practice in a population with a mean age over 50 years old. The distribution of metabolic syndrome, involved in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications, was studied by comparing subjects of Indian descents with subjects of the general population. We report in a third study, the association of arterial pulse pressure, a non-traditional risk factor, with cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing haemodialysis. We finally study, glucose metabolism abnormalities, dyslipidemia and proinflammatory cytokines (adiponectin and leptin), as risk factors for insulin resistance in an HIV infected cohort of patients
Dursoniah, Danilo. "Modélisation computationnelle de l’absorption intestinale du glucose pour la prédiction du diabète de Type 2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILB023.
Full textResearch on type 2 diabetes (T2D) has so far predominantly focused on the role of pancreatic beta function and insulin sensitivity. Numerous indices, of varying precision and relevance, have been proposed to measure these factors. These indices are calculated using more or less complex models based on static fasting glucose data or dynamic oral glucose test data.Bariatric surgery has highlighted the existence of a third parameter that could potentially be a cause of T2D: intestinal glucose absorption (IGA). Unlike pancreatic beta function and insulin sensitivity, no index has yet been proposed to measure the effect of this parameter on T2D. Experimentally measuring intestinal glucose absorption requires access to the portal vein, which is practically impossible in humans. An experimental multi-tracer technique using labeled glucose has been proposed as an alternative, but it remains very difficult to implement and requires expertise that prevents its routine clinical use. It should also be noted that the modeling approaches proposed so far to predict the postprandial glucose response require this gold standard. The few existing models are only partially mechanistic and relatively complex. This thesis proposes to overcome these problems.Thus, as a first contribution, we initially reproduce the postprandial model of Dalla Man and the simulations from the reference article (Dalla Man et al., 2007). Since this model is exclusively described using ODEs, we have partially transcribed it into a system of chemical reactions to put the relevant physiological mechanisms into perspective. This implementation first allowed us to carry out reproducibility work - despite the absence of the original data from the reference article - and then to compare the model with our OBEDIAB clinical data, thus showing its limitations in terms of estimations and identifiability.As a second major contribution, to circumvent the use of the multi-tracer gold standard, we used D-xylose, a glucose analog, as a biomarker to directly observe IGA, available in our pre-clinical dataset from experiments conducted on minipigs. To our knowledge, we developed the first D-xylose model. This model was selected through parameter estimation on our datasets, followed by a practical identifiability analysis and a global sensitivity analysis. These analyses also allowed us to study the relative contributions of gastric emptying and intestinal absorption on the D-xylose dynamic profile. Finally, we will explore the links between blood glucose modeling and postprandial D-xylose response modeling while considering the clinical applications and limitations of the D-xylose model.Keywords: Systems biology, modeling, chemical reaction networks, ordinary differential equations, parameter estimation, identifiability analysis, type 2 diabetes, D-xylose
Dow, Courtney. "Dietary Factors, Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS380/document.
Full textBackground : Type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents a significant health burden that is associated with many complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), that further burden people with diabetes. Modifiable risk factors, such as the diet, have been identified for both T2D and DR; yet certain aspects of the role of the diet remain unclear. Objectives : The main objectives of this thesis were therefore to examine the role and impact of the diet, and in particular, the consumption of fatty acids (FAs), and other modifiable behaviours on the risk of T2D and to summarize, interpret and analyze the relationship between the diet and DR using data from both the E3N and AusDiab cohort studies. Results : The results suggest that the role of FAs on the risk of T2D and DR may differ between and within subgroups, and by individual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The findings also suggest that strongly adhering to national dietary guidelines is not associated with the development of T2D, but strongly adhering to other recommendations for healthy behaviours (for waist circumference, physical activity and smoking) is strongly inversely associated with T2D. Modifiable behaviour could have prevented more than half of the cases of T2D. Conclusions : This work underlines the importance and the complexity of the role of the diet in the development of T2D and DR. It also illustrates the impact of healthy behaviour in the etiology of T2D and confirms that T2D is largely preventable. Efforts should focus on the modification of multiple healthy behaviours in populations, and promote diets that are moderate and widely varied
Gingras, Véronique. "Prévention du diabète de type 2 chez les femmes avec un antécédent de diabète gestationnel : étude d'outils de dépistage et de mesures préventives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29514/29514.pdf.
Full textFourny, Natacha. "Du prédiabète au diabète de type 2 : quels impacts sur la santé cardiovasculaire dans le sexe féminin ? : approche thérapeutique par le Resvératrol contre les lésions myocardiques liées à l’ischémie-reperfusion dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0142.
Full textType 2 diabetic women have a higher cardiovascular (CV) risk than type 2 diabetic men, but few studies focus on the female sex in this context. The objective of this PhD was i) to study CV alterations induced by prediabetes/type 2 diabetes in female; ii) to propose a therapeutic approach by Resveratrol (RSV) in type 2 diabetic female; and iii) to study the effect of sex on the prediabetes-induced physiological modifications and on the myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We used the prediabetic rat induced by a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFS), and the type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat (GK). We performed in vivo and ex vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy experiments and biochemical analyses. We highlighted myocardial thickening and increased perfusion in female HFS, as well as high myocardial sensitivity to IR involving exacerbated oxidative stress. RSV treatment of female GK induced cardioprotection by increasing the high-energy compounds and the proteins of the nitric oxide pathway during IR injury. Finally, there was no sexual dimorphism in myocardial tolerance to IR injury in prediabetes, although the HFS diet induced sex-specific physiological changes. In conclusion, we have shown that endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunctions play an important role in CV complications associated to type 2 diabetes in the female sex
Piché, Marie-Eve. "Étude des facteurs de risque associés à la maladie cardiovasculaire et au diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24206/24206.pdf.
Full textNormand-Lauzière, François. "Anomalies postprandiales du métabolisme des acides gras libres dans l'évolution naturelle du diabète de type 2." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5545.
Full textLamri, Amel. "Interaction entre variabilité génétique et consommation de lipides dans la survenue du diabète de type 2." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077012.
Full textThe detection of the genes associated with type 2 diabetes risk is essential for a better comprehension of the etiology of the disease. To date, more than sixty loci have been associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, these loci explain only a small part of the heritability of the disease. The study of interactions between gene and nutrition could help to reveal new genes involved in the onset of type 2 diabetes. The objective of our work was to estimate the interaction between dietary fat intake and the genotype of polymorphisms of candidate genes on type 2 diabetes incidence in a large cohort drawn from the French general population (the D. E. S. I. R study). Given the data available for this cohort (DNA, nutritional habits, glyceamic status) the interactions genotype-fat intake were analyzed for polymorphisms of two groups of genes:Lipid sensor genes, encoding for proteins whose activity is regulated by fatty acidssuch as the nuclear receptors PPARa, y, and the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. Reverse cholesterol transport genes, such as ABCA1, CETP, hepatic and endothelial lipases (LIPC and LIPG) whose implication in the onset of type 2 diabetes needs to be clarified. Our results revealed different associations between polymorphisms of PPARA, PPARG, GPR120, ABCA1 and LIPC on the risk of type 2 diabetes. These effects were detected only when dietary fat intake was considered. These results highlight the importance of gene-environment interactions in the onset of complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes
Carpentier, Joëlle. "Déterminants de la pratique d'activité physique chez les adultes québécois attteints du diabète de type 2." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7336/1/030673395.pdf.
Full textCaliaperoumal, Guavri. "Impact du diabète de type 2 sur la réparation osseuse et vasculaire des défauts osseux craniaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC166/document.
Full textNow that diabetes reaches pandemic proportions, this thesis focuses on the effect of T2DM on bone. Very few studies document the effect of T2DM on maxillo-facial bone and their endomembraneous repair.After a short review on bone, diabetes and animal study models, we will showcase our results of the impact of T2DM on, (i) vascular and bone repair of calvarial defects in ZDF rats; (ii) the vascular and bone microarchitechture of ZDF rat’s femur; (iii) the secretome and angiogenic properties of zdf rat’s bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). These studies showed an alteration of bone repair in critical size defects, and an impaired vascular repair in critical and subcritical T2DM defects. We also found evidences of bone and vascular microarchitechture impairement in ZDF femur. At a cellular level, T2DM BMSCs have an unique angiogenic profile. These findings may contribute to the better understanding of the adverse vascular healing in T2DM and provide successful bone healing therapies for patients with T2DM
Bizet, Faustine. "Mimes de Béta-hairpin inhibiteurs de l’agrégation de IAPP : Intérêt pour le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS363.
Full textType II diabetes (T2D) is a degenerative disease linked to insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cells death. Worldwide, approximately 400 million people currently have T2D. Actual treatments are symptomatic and have either significant side effects or little effect on reducing mortality or cardiovascular complications. The aggregation of hIAPP peptide (human Islet Amyloid PolyPeptide) is involved in pancreatic β-cells destruction. At the pathologic state, hIAPP adopt a β-sheet rich conformation, leading to its aggregation forming toxic oligomers responsible of pancreatic β-cells death. Blocking this aggregation is a way to explore for etiological treatment of T2D. Peptides and peptidomimetics of azapeptide type, based on key sequences linked to the structuration of aggregated hIAPP, have been rationally designed, to interact with the peptide in a selective manner, and to inhibit its aggregation. The development of different synthetic routes to prepare azapeptides containing 2 consecutive aza-amino acids, have been performed. The anti-fibrillization activity of the compounds have been evaluated by Thioflavin-T fluorescence and by transmission electronic microscopy. For the most promising compounds, the anti-oligomerization activity has been evaluated by capillary electrophoresis and by Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Thus, this work allowed to develop original peptidomimetic compounds displaying a promising inhibitory activity of hIAPP peptide aggregation, involved in type II diabetes