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1
Z, Jabbar. "Pattern of Eye Diseases in Dhaka City District Level and Village Areas in Bangladesh." Open Access Journal of Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajo-16000210.
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Background: Ocular morbid conditions are responsible for partial or total blindness. Ocular morbidities by its sheer magnitude form an enormous problem, not only in human suffering, but also in terms of economic loss and social burden. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of eye Diseases. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. This study was done in Dhaka city, different districts of Dhaka Division and different Upazilla of Dhaka district. From these three sites 3124 patients were randomly selected. All the members of a family were cross-examined and then diseased individuals were isolated for detail history taking and clinical assessment. Results: The results revealed that 3124 study subjects were had ocular morbidity. Common ocular morbidity was 1153 had Refractive error (36.9%), 105 had Cataract, 15(0.5) had Glaucoma, 63(2.0) had Chronic Dacryocystitis, 14(0.4) had Pterygium, 6(0.2) had Diabetic Retinopathy, 56(0.2) had Retinitis pigmentosa and 1763 (56.4) others. Males were more affected as compared to females. It was observed that as the age increases the prevalence of ocular morbidity increases. Conclusion: The leading cause of eye diseases in this study was Refractive error, Cataract, Glaucoma, Chronic Dacryocystitis, Pterygium, Diabetic Retinopathy, Retinitis pigmentosa and others etc.
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Reza, Md Hasan, and Nicole F. Bromfield. "Poverty, Vulnerability and Everyday Resilience: How Bangladeshi Street Children Manage Economic Challenges through Financial Transactions on the Streets." British Journal of Social Work 49, no. 5 (June 25, 2018): 1105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy047.
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Abstract In Bangladesh, an estimated one to three million street children face poverty, violence and social stigma daily. This qualitative study of seventy-five child participants from three sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh, explores how street children in Bangladesh engage in financial transactions in their social networks to build resiliency and sustain contextual well-being under conditions of extreme adversity. For these street children, contextual well-being refers to the context of living and surviving on the street (i.e. access to food, shelter, safety, sense of belonging). Our findings indicate that both significant vulnerabilities and adaptive responses in street children’s lives are common across participants. Daily life for these children consists of attaining money and then spending it quickly as a means of survival. Significant vulnerabilities for these children are the need to engage in daily income generation along with income uncertainty; an adaptive response among the participants is the engagement in financial transactions within their peer networks. Findings also show that street children are deeply embedded in these social networks, which work to sustain their well-being. We argue that interventions for Bangladeshi street children should be peer-based, grounded in a strengths perspective, and promote resilience.
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Islam, Sirajul, Mahmuda Jahan Papia, and Sabrina Yesmin. "The Rural-Urban Migration and its Socio-Economic Consequences: A Study on the Rayerbazar Area of Dhaka City." International Journal of Publication and Social Studies 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5050.v7i1.4452.
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Movement from villages to cities is a crucial issue for Bangladesh. It influences both urban and rural socio-economic conditions. This paper basically focuses the influences of movement from different rural areas to Rayerbazar area in Dhaka. The questionnaire survey is used to find out the required results. Researchers divide the reasons of rural-urban (RU) migration into four categories as; economic, social, political and personal. This paper shows economic impact and social impact of rural-urban migration. Structural Equation Model (SEM) shows that RU migration due to social, and economic reasons has positive economic impact but RU migration due to political and personal reasons has negative economic impact. RU migration for social and economic reasons have negative social impact but political and personal reasons have positive social impact. Internal movement is one of the biggest problems for Dhaka city which could be reduced by ensuring sufficient income generating opportunities in villages.
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Hossain, Sheikh Abir, and Md Ashraful Alam. "Socio-Economic Status of the Street Children in Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Work 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v3i1.8668.
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<p>Basically, the children who are in situations of poverty, illiteracy, disease and social injustice have been focused on this study and have been prioritized those children who<em> </em>sleep on streets, railway terminals and platforms, bus stations, parks and open spaces, religious centers, construction sites and around graveyard and in other public places with no roof in scale. A survey has been conducted on a sample of 101 children from two purposively selected areas of Dhaka city to gather information on their Socio-economic status by using quantitative method. Findings reveal that the street dwellers had to adopt a very precarious and humiliating life on the streets devoid of all basic amenities of life, under constant threat of eviction and harassment by the bad people and hoodlums. They work hard to meet their demands but due to their involvement in low paying informal sector, their demands are hardly filled out. They cannot improve their conditions at all even after five or more years of street-living. According to them, housing, food, and lack of jobs are the three most common problems for which they are to seek assistance and to live in the street for unknown period.</p>
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Rifat, M. A., Asit Biswas, Hazera Binte Sufian, Faria Azad, and MD Khurshidul Zahid. "Socio-Economic Status, Hygiene Practices and Microbial Exposure of the Waste Collectors of Dhaka City in Bangladesh." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 12 (November 15, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n12p96.
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Waste is a discarded part generated from primary use of a material. In most cases, waste is very much unwanted and unusable but may be usable and beneficial for our economy and environment. Waste collectors are playing vital roles for the management of wastes though they are deprived of their basic needs. They are involved directly or indirectly to our economy and environmental development. However, whether waste collection activity has any effect on the socioeconomic status, hygiene practices, and microbial exposure of waste collectors remain unknown. Here we investigated socio-economic status, hygiene practices and microbial exposure of the waste collectors of Dhaka city in Bangladesh.
This study included two types of waste collectors in Dhaka city. One is the household waste collectors (HWCs) who belong to the formal waste management system of the city corporation and the other is the street waste collectors (SWCs) who belong to the informal waste management system that is executed mainly by the vulnerable groups of people locally called "Tokai". The total sample size was 150 (75 HWCs and 75 SWCs) who were randomly selected from 15 different sites (clusters) of the city. The research findings showed that 20% waste collectors were children and 76.67% were illiterate. The majority (72.7%) earned less than 150 BDT/day but the lion’s share was spent on food. The coverage of sanitary toilet facility was 42.0% whereas 70.7% SWCs had no toilet facility. The majority (82.7%) used to drink untreated water and 41.3% had disease episode in previous 30 days of data collection time. Only 28.0% waste collectors had bathing facility at home. Noticeably, no waste collector was wearing mask, gloves and apron while handling the waste. Analysis found that the status of HWCs was better than that of SWCs. Association among the variables showed that significant relationship existed between income level and percentage of expenditure on foods, types of drinking water and disease episode in previous 30 days, types of toilet used and hand washing practices. Microbiological analysis showed that the waste collectors were more exposed to the microbial hazards than the normal people.
HWCs and SWCs included in this study belong to vulnerable groups of Bangladesh. They are playing vital roles for cleaning and developing environmental conditions and living standards of Dhaka city though their contributions were mostly unrecognized. The present results suggested that socio-economic status, hygiene practices and microbial exposure of waste collectors of Dhaka city in Bangladesh are in poor and critical conditions. To address the present needs, proper measures should be taken by the coordinated activities (short and long-term) of both govt. and non-govt. organizations.
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Al Sayem Khan, Muhammed Abdullah, and Mohd Hamdan Ahmad. "EFFECT OF INDOOR CONDITION OF BANGLADESH FACTORY TO WORKERS HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, no. 27 (March 8, 2022): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.727032.
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The economic growth of Bangladesh depends very much on the garments industries. In Bangladesh, the garments industries contribute directly to the economic growth at about 6 percent of national economic growth rate. A huge number of factories are developed and scattered around Bangladesh. Most of the factories are clustered around the capital city Dhaka and invite thousands of rural inhabitants in search of a job in the city and hoping to lead better life. Today, Bangladesh already confirmed her position as a world-leading clothing exporter. The total workers in these garment industries are around 3.6 million out of 150 million total population. These factories manufacture different types of readymade garments products and export those products to many different countries around the world. However, a good number of factories are not well designed in term of their indoor conditions and which have direct influence in terms of workers' health and wellbeing. The poor indoor conditions may directly affect the employees’ health where they can suffer from various illnesses over prolong durations. This study is aimed at finding out the indoor conditions that has the direct influence towards health and wellbeing of workers at the selected garment factories. For the purpose of this study,14 factories at 6 different locations were selected. A field study was held to assess workers' health and wellbeing while working at the selected garment factories in Bangladesh. During the field study, the questionnaire survey was conducted among the random sample of 405 workers. The workers answered and provided the information about their factory current indoor conditions. From the questionnaire, it is found working environment caused certain illnesses and affected the workers' behavior while they are working at factories. The findings of this research will help introduce measure and guideline to the factory owners so that they can take significant steps to upgrade their management system to improve and provide good indoor conditions for their workers and in term of business wise increase the production margin.
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Khan, Nashid Tabassum, Asma Begum, Tayyaba Musarrat Jaha Chowdhury, Bishwajit Kumar Das, Farhana Shahid, Saizuddin Kabir, and Meherunnessa Begum. "Violence against Women in Bangladesh." Delta Medical College Journal 5, no. 1 (February 4, 2017): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v5i1.31432.
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Background: Violence against women has many forms including physical aggression or threats, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, controlling or domineering, intimidation, stalking, passive/covert abuse, and economic deprivations. Alcohol consumption and mental illness can be co-morbid with abuse and present additional challenges when present alongside patterns of abuse.Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the status of victims of Violence against Women along with the causes and consequences of this heinous crime.Materials and method: A retrospective cross sectional study was done in Dhaka Medical College on the victims who underwent treatment at One Stop Crisis Centre (OCC) and burn unit. The victims were interviewed and the data received were later on analyzed by computer and organized in tables. Total cases of Violence against Women were 1143 during the study period. Due permission was taken from the authority.Results: Among the victims about 63% belonged to 16 to 30 years of age group. Most of the victims (56%) were from low socioeconomic conditions, 60% of them were housewife and most of the victims (71%) were married. Dowry cases and familial conflict (33% and 32% respectively) were the main background behind Violence against Women.Conclusion: At community level, improvement of economic status of women as well as women empowerment is essential. Mass awareness about Violence against Women through mass media is needed to be diffused.Delta Med Col J. Jan 2017 5(1): 25-29
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Karim, Md Rezaul, B. M. Sadman Sakib, Sk Sadman Sakib, and Monzur Alam Imteaz. "Rainwater Harvesting Potentials in Commercial Buildings in Dhaka: Reliability and Economic Analysis." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010009.
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Despite numerous studies on residential rainwater tank, studies on commercial rainwater tank are scarce. Corporate authorities pay little heed on this sustainable feature. With the aim of encouraging corporate authorities, this study presents the feasibility and economic benefits of rainwater harvesting (RWH) in commercial buildings in the capital city of Bangladesh, where water authority struggles to maintain town water supply. The analysis was conducted using a daily water balance model under three climate scenarios (wet, dry and normal year) for five commercial buildings having catchment areas varying from 315 to 776 m2 and the storage tank capacity varying from 100 to 600 m3. It was found that for a water demand of 30 L per capita per day (lpcd), about 11% to 19% and 16% to 26.80% of the annual water demand can be supplemented by rainwater harvesting under the normal year and wet year climate conditions, respectively. The payback periods are found to be very short, only 2.25 to 3.75 years and benefit–cost (B/C) ratios are more than 1.0, even for building having the smallest catchment area (i.e., 315 m2) and no significant overflow would occur during monsoon, which leads to both economic and environmental benefits. Though the findings cannot be translated to other cities as those are dependent on factors like water price, interest rate, rainfall amount and pattern, however other cities having significant rainfall amounts should conduct similar studies to expedite implementations of widescale rainwater harvesting.
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Rozy, Shamima Akter, and Sourav Kumar Ghosh. "Application of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck’s Theories Based on Sociological Study on Women’s Demographic Change in Dhaka City." International Journal of Social, Political and Economic Research 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ijospervol7iss2pp311-323.
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Globalization and reflexive modernization are the main reasons for the development of the current social system. The discussion on women's demographic change in Bangladesh is not new rather than this must be voiced issue. Women are playing a significant role in various sectors in the country. Women are making themselves strongly changing socio-economic conditions, not only by indulging in household chores but also involving themselves in different sectors like RMG, banking, IT, teaching, and so on. By discussing some of the theories of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck, presenting the current social context of the women of Bangladesh which has shown how they are self-conscious and self-reliant. These theoretical standpoints have been used to identify causes, consequences, and adaptation mechanisms to deal with the modern social system. This study highlights how relationship patterns and labor markets are changing due to globalization. It also analyzes the responsible elements and symptoms of the individualization of women in Bangladesh. The recent conflicting interests, love, and sexual life are investigated in this paper.
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Bhuiyan, Md Aminul Islam, Zannatun Nahar Jhinu, Jaliluzzaman, and Mandira Mukutmoni. "Personal hygiene practices and socio-economic conditions as influential factors for intestinal parasitic infection in Dhaka city dwellers." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i1.42028.
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A total of 200 stool samples were examined and five species of intestinal parasites were identified. Two of them were protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis) and the rest of which three species were nematode parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis). The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 50%. Individually the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis was 25%, 13%, 6%, 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Patients of different age and sex had a variable degree of infection. Children aged under ten years showed the highest prevalence (73.97%) compared to other groups. Accordingly, male patients were found slightly more susceptible to the infection (50.38%) compared to the female (49.29%). People belonging to different occupation and educational qualification had various degree of infection. As expected patients who had no education and poor monthly income, showed the highest prevalence of infection, 77.77% and 90%, respectively. Personal hygiene practices of the patients had much influence on the parasitic prevalence and rate of infection. Respectively 58.82%, 91.42%, 80% and 63.55% prevalence were found among the patients who used to drink unsafe water, wash hands without soap, stay barefooted most of the time and do not trim their nails regularly. The present study supposed to reveal that socioeconomic conditions and behavioral factors may influence the prevalence of parasitic infections.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 129-136, 2019
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Hossain, Md Aslam, Shahriar Shams, Mahmud Amin, Md Sumon Reza, and Tanvir Uddin Chowdhury. "Perception and Barriers to Implementation of Intensive and Extensive Green Roofs in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Buildings 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9040079.
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Buildings are one of the biggest consumers of fossil fuels, and thus, contribute largely to greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, a large number of studies have been conducted and innovative ideas or green solutions have been invented, adopted, and implemented across the globe. These solutions are often contextual and heavily dependent on local environmental and socio-economic factors. Green roofs are such an example. Green roofs (both intensive and extensive) for buildings have been successfully adopted in many countries around the world. Bangladesh, a developing country that can benefit from green roofs, seems to remain in complete darkness regarding its potential. The objective of this study is to identify the reasons why green roofs have not been widely implemented in Bangladesh, especially in the capital Dhaka, even though, theoretically, the climatic conditions of this country favor this technology. This study focuses on the perception of the construction industry to comprehend the possible obstacles they are facing towards using green roofs in their designs. A questionnaire study was conducted among architects, engineers, construction managers, contractors, and owners who are at different levels of experience in their respective fields. The results indicate a gap in knowledge and misconceptions, which are major hindrances to the implementation of green roofs.
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Islam, M. M., F. N. F. Chou, and M. R. Kabir. "Acceptability of the rainwater harvesting system to the slum dwellers of Dhaka City." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (March 1, 2010): 1515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.049.
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Urban area like Dhaka City, in Bangladesh, has scarcity of safe drinking water which is one of the prominent basic needs for human kind. This study explored the acceptability of harvested rainwater in a densely populated city like Dhaka, using a simple and low cost technology. A total of 200 random people from four slums of water-scarce Dhaka City were surveyed to determine the dwellers' perception on rainwater and its acceptability as a source of drinking water. The questionnaire was aimed at finding the socio-economic condition and the information on family housing, sanitation, health, existing water supply condition, knowledge about rainwater, willingness to accept rainwater as a drinking source etc. A Yield before Spillage (YBS) model was developed to know the actual rainwater availability and storage conditions which were used to justify the effective tank size. Cost-benefit analysis and feasibility analysis were performed using the survey results and the research findings. The survey result and overall study found that the low cost rainwater harvesting technique was acceptable to the slum dwellers as only the potential alternative source of safe drinking water.
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Abdulla, Md Shefath, Md Saiful Islam, Md Enayet Kabir, Falguni Dadok, Md Abdullah Al Zaber, and Shikha Sarkar. "Utilization of slaughterhouse by-products: a current scenario in Dhaka city." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 4 (January 7, 2021): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i4.51250.
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Slaughter-houses are the places from where people get the meat for consumption, but the time is to utilize the by-products to increase the GDP’s rate from livestock. A field survey was conducted regarding usage of the by-products of slaughterhouses and/or meat selling centers in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Data were collected from total 60 slaughterhouses and/or meat selling centers randomly from different part of Dhaka city consisting 20 large animal (cattle, buffalo), 20 small animal (goat, sheep) and 20 poultry bird (chicken, duck) slaughterhouses and/or meat selling centers. Following slaughtering process huge amount of different by-products are also produced that have good economic and nutritive value. The results revealed that edible by-products such as head trimmings, brain, tongue, heart, stomach, lungs, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney and tail were used by 100% as human food. Inedible by-products had diversified uses but to some extent they were also rejected. However, no one of the inedible by-products was fully rejected. Among the inedible by-products the hides had a great industrial value. Poultry by-products like blood, intestines and feather wastes were generally found to utilize as fish feed. Most slaughterhouses were found to maintain moderate to poor hygienic conditions where very few maintained good condition. Almost two-third (61.67%) slaughterhouses were used water container as water supply followed by hose pipe (33.33%) and tape water (5%) for cleaning purpose. It can be concluded that by-products are valuable materials but due to lack of management and industrial mind slaughterhouses of the Dhaka city cannot utilize those materials. Therefore, proper usages of by-products can run a new prospective business in Bangladesh.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 809-816
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Hasan, Md Kamrul, and Nayeema Maswood Neela. "Socio-Economic Status and Current Business Situation of Cane Based Furniture Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study." Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v10i1.26908.
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Cane based furniture business is one of the least researched areas in Bangladesh. The purpose of the present study is to appraise socio-economic conditions and business policy of cane based furniture in the study area of Sylhet city, Bangladesh. The study reveals that 57% of cane furniture enterprises is small, 36% is medium and 7% is large in size. The average investment, production and profit range around Tk. 2, 80,000, Tk. 2,21,916 and Tk. 22,500 respectively per enterprise. Sofa, chair and rocking chair are the most demanded and profitable items. The study also reveals that 51% of entrepreneurs are suffering from shortage of capital and raw materials, whereas 35% are suffering from unskilled labor and adequate transportation facilities. High price due to high cost, low demand, archaic and common design, less promotion are the major problems of cane furniture. The study suggests that entrepreneurs should create demand for cane furniture among all classes of people through proper promotional programs, newest design, adding new features, improving quality and making the product available to all over the country through proper distribution. Government should patronize this industry by giving financial and institutional supports.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.10(1) 2015; 93-108
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Islam, KR, BS Sarker, KMS Nazrul, US Tonny, and MO Faruque. "Impacts of beel nursery management on the variation of indigenous fish species and its socio-economic profitability: a study in the Dhaka beel, Bangladesh." International Journal of Natural Sciences 2, no. 3 (October 10, 2012): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i3.12136.
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A research work was conducted to observe the beel management of the Dhaka beel situated in Tangail district, Bangladesh. Data were collected through questionnaire survey, discussion and interviewing. Dhaka beel is a 13ha semi-enclosed beel brought under the nursery management project in 2010. The beel was stocked with approximately 100000 fish larvae of 4 days old during May to June. After 60 days of proper management the stocked larvae were sampled and 70,000 of fry were obtained. In the studied beel the annual production was 2.4 mt in 2009 where beel nursery management has increased the production to 7.10 mt in 2010 which also included several non-stocked indigenous fish species. Socio-economic conditions of people were also improved where 80% of the people believed that it was true. Beel management has played an important role to minimize the rapid reduction of many important indigenous species through four to five months of management where fishes got the chance of recruitment. Management, guarding, harvesting, and income were equally shared among the group members. Findings of the present study suggest that beel nursery management can be an excellent scope for improvement of fish production and socio-economic status of the adjacent people. International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(3):76-82 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i3.12136
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Mollah, Kabirul A., and Toshiya Aramaki. "Social-epidemiological study for evaluation of water supply and sanitation systems of low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 1 (November 9, 2009): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.201.
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This study aims at quantification of health losses, considering social and environmental factors. Morbidity and mortality cases of diarrhoea for children under five years old were used to estimate the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost for the target households in low-income communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Water supply facilities and sanitation systems, along with hygiene practices and their health outcomes, were studied at community level. Demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects were also studied to support the research findings and give a better understanding of the local conditions. The four selected communities, Ward 60 (W60), Ward 61 (W61), Ward 62 (W62) and Ward 65 (W65), all had different existing urban services such as water supply, sanitation, garbage management and drainage facilities. All of these services existed in W62, but W60 did not have any of the services; W61 had sanitation and drainage coverage, whereas W65 had only a water supply facility. The results conclusively showed that, compared with the null (absence of services) scenario (W60), the other three scenarios (W61, W62 and W65) showed a substantial decrease of diarrhoea (1.219, 1.284 and 2.052 DALYs/household/year, respectively) reported for children under five years old. Besides urban services, other socio-economic characteristics might also influence the prevalence of diseases.
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Nabeen, AHM Musfiqur Rahman, and Md Abdus Salam Akanda. "Association Between Economic Inequality and Under-Five Child Malnutrition: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey." Dhaka University Journal of Science 66, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v66i1.54548.
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Under-five child malnutrition is an important phenomenon in developing countries like Bangladesh. Historically certain privileged groups have been benefited by the improvements in economic conditions inflicting health care inequality among the population. This study attempts to examine the association between economic inequality of households and adverse under-five child malnutrition using information from 4,976 children aged 0 to 59 months of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014 data. A child is said to be an adversely malnourished if the growth rate is badly stunted i.e., if z-score of the measure height-for-age of a child is more than the two standard deviations under the median. Multivariate logistic regression is used to estimate the household’s economic effect on the rate of adverse growth-stunting of children. The estimation results show that children from the poorest group are about four times more likely to experience malnutrition than the children from the richest group (OR = 4.32; 95% CI: 3.83, 5.07). The effects of economic status on childhood under-nutrition are also significant when the analysis is adjusted for child’s age, gender, multiple birth status, antenatal care, skilled birth assistance, birth order number (OR=3.43; 95% CI: 3.04, 3.87); mother’s BMI, mother’s education level (OR=3.05; 95% CI: 2.71, 3.48); residence type, and geographic region (OR = 3.14; 95% CI: 2.74, 3.63). Hence, this study suggests that there is a statistically significant association between the household economic inequality and the growth rate stunting of children. Reduction of poverty and making social security services as well as maternal medical supports more available to the poor people are necessary to improve the overall under-five childhood malnutrition condition in Bangladesh.
Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 66(1): 73-78, 2018 (January)
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Saber, Sadia, and Mohammad Monower Hossain. "Socio-Demographic Determinants of Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Hospital Based Study at Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2022.4.1.1223.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-system infectious disease with a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world but particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. A normal healthy individual does not face the symptoms causing by tuberculosis due to their immune system that’s why infection among healthy individuals always remain silent. As it is highly infectious air borne disease that’s why treatment completion for TB is the cornerstone of its control and prevention. So to understand these factors efficiently this study was carried out about socio-demographic determinants of adult TB patients attending the tertiary care teaching hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka. Methodology: This was hospital based cross sectional observational study done at Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka with the study period from January 2020 to December 2021.Total 410 patients of age group 18 years and above with persistent cough with sputum production for more than 2 weeks were enrolled for this study purpose. Results: Total prevalence of sputum positive adult pulmonary TB among the studied group was 69.02%. Majority 54% were male patients in the age group of 41-50 years (31.45%). Pulmonary TB was predominantly diagnosed among employed group 41.34%, those who have completed their high school level (34.28%) in mainly the rural (66.08%) locality. Joint family (61%) with 8-10 family members (43.46%) have been found mostly affected in our study. The cardinal features were cough with sputum production (80.21%) followed by fatigue (71.73%), fever (42.05%), sweating (46.99%), loss of appetite (32.86%) and weight loss (27.56%). Pulmonary TB was found mostly among smokers (57.23%) with normal BMI (44.88%). Conclusion: To decrease the rate of infection with Tuberculosis, a multi-factorial approach can play the pivotal role by improving the living conditions, education level, economic status and adequate sanitation. Awareness can bring a new dimension in this regard.
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Akhter, Tahmina, and Othman Yong. "Can Adaptive Market Hypothesis Explain the Existence of Seasonal Anomalies? Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh." Contemporary Economics 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 198–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.444.
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This paper examines the behavior of seasonal anomalies in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) of Bangladesh and whether the time varying nature of the anomalies is in line with Adaptive Market Hypothesis (AMH). With this aim the research investigated whether the changes in market conditions, for example: up and down market states, stock market bubbles and crashes, initiation of automated trading system and circuit breaker system can affect the behavior of calendar anomalies and therefore, can provide justification for the seasonal patterns in DSE. To achieve the stated objectives, this study utilizes daily general index values of DSE from 1993 to 2018, with GARCH (1,1) model, Markov switching model, subsample analysis and rolling window analysis. The findings support the existence of AMH at DSE in the form of time-varying nature of seasonal anomalies. However, not all seasonal anomalies examined in the study were found to grow weaker over time. The most important finding of this study is that the investors in emerging stock markets, for example DSE, may not learn from the past investment experiences and show the adapting ability towards changed market conditions in the same manner like the investors in a developed market.
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Hossain, Md Uzzal, Dr Md Mahabbat Ali, Mustasim Famous, Md Ahsan Habib,, and Arifur Rahman. "PRESENT SCENARIO OF USING FEED ADDITIVES AND FEED SUPPLEMENT DURING CATTLE FATTENING IN DHAKA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH." International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 07, no. 04 (2022): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35410/ijaeb.2022.5757.
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This study was conducted to find out the relationship among different aspects of cattle fattening and use of anabolic steroids and feed additives. The data were collected through an interview schedule from 65 respondents of 4 upazila/ thana of Dhaka city who were involved in cattle fattening. Parameters were studied in relation to socio- economic conditions of farmers and use of anabolic steroids and feed additives and their effects on animals and environment. In this study 80.0% farmers' were involved in others occupation, followed by 17.0% in livestock business. About 65.0% respondents had higher education, 20.0% had higher secondary education, 12.0% obtained secondary education and the rest of them were primary education. Irrespective of literacy only 6.0% of the farmer had training. Results showed that about 58% respondents used anabolic steroids for the duration of 3 to 6 months long cattle fattening (P<0.001) program. The chi-square (11.093) value of annual income indicates that with increase of annual income and use of anabolic steroids have decreased. The significant (P<0.01) association was observed in case of anabolic steroids and source of money, annual income, number of cattle fattening, breeds, fattening period, starting and finishing age. About 78% respondents used feed additives for cattle fattening from own resources (P<0.001) and most of cattle fattened for 3 to 6 months (P<0.01). The result demonstrated that respondents of low annual income used more anabolic steroid and feed additives as a growth promoter for cattle fattening and they prefer in powder form.
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Islam, Md Shariful, Fatema Kanak, Md Asif Iqbal, Kazi Faheema Islam, Abdullah Al-Mamun, and Md Sahab Uddin. "Analyzing the Status of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Amid Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Bangladesh." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2018): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1422.
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a collection of conditions characterized by stereo typed behaviors and narrow interests and pervasive problems with communication and social interactions. Globally, researchers are working on identifying the root cause and management of ASD. Although research on autism is at nascent stage in Bangladesh but in terms of social epidemicity, it is currently an utmost important issue. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of age, sex, birth weight, mother’s pregnancy duration, pregnancy time complicacy and genetic linkage on autism. The study also related, the socio-economic status of the autistic children and satisfaction of parent on government response in this issue. The study was conducted on 50 patients in 2 Autistic Schools (Bangladesh Protibondhi Foundation and Autistic Children Welfare Foundation, Bangladesh) of the Dhaka City from June 2010 to December 2010. Study related data were collected through a predesigned questionnaire In our study out of 50 children with autism 86% were male and 24% were in the age range between 73to 84 months. About 84% children with autism were lived in urban area and about 52% were belonging at the upper middle class. The main signs and symptoms observed, was prefer to play alone (i.e. 74%). Moreover 60% children with autism talks later than age 2 and 58% had poor eye contact. During our study we have observed that 14% children were linked by heredity and 10% have siblings with same problem. Rett syndrome (i.e. 40%) and autistic disorder (i.e., 32%) were more commonly observed. From the prescription, the study revealed, physicians diagnosed speech delay in 32% patient and 8% were diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. For treatment physicians mainly prescribes vitamins (i.e. 50%), antiepileptic drugs (i.e. 12%), and antipsychotic drugs (i.e. 4%). Besides most of the children were treated with physical and occupational therapy but no objection was found with vaccine. During our study we had observed that, 82% parents were not satisfied by the steps taken by the government yet. This study observed that, apart from alarming increase rate of autism in Dhaka City, modern diagnosis and medication facilities as well as therapies are deficit. Therefore, the new born babies and upcoming parents are at great risk due to insufficiency of awareness. So proper awareness programs and more facilities for autistic children should be introduced by both government and non-government sectors.
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Khondaker, Dr Robiul Awal, Keshav Lall Maharjan, Dr Mohammad Golam Sadik, Dr Md Nasir Uddin, Dr A. B. M. Iftekhar Hossain, Dr Md Sajjad Hossain, Dr Md Asaduzzaman, Dr Md Naorose Hasan Iqbal, and Dr Sohel Ahammed. "Role of Sanitation Microfinance on the Improvement of Sanitation Condition and Nutrition Condition of Under-five Children in Rural Bangladesh." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 1578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i09.028.
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Introduction: The sanitation requirement for the sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to certify household better sanitation, and it is the target of SDGs. Developed sanitation is that which ensures the hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. The Government of Bangladesh has a strategy to safeguard sanitation at an agreeable level for all by 2030. Aim of the study: The study aims to investigate the relationship between sanitation microfinance and sanitation condition in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in each district of Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, and Khulna from August 2019 to September 2019 for five weeks Semi-structured questionnaires and face did data collection face interview techniques from the head of households. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0, two-sample ttest, binary probit model. Result: Among 120 participant households and 120 non-participant households in this microfinance program, household satisfaction in sanitation conditions among microfinance households is good. Microfinance is applicable for low economic households, where the annual income was 1501 to 3000 USD (I USD=84 local currency). Both sanitation outcomes and nutrition outcomes had a strong association with sanitation microfinance(p<.05). With sanitation microfinance improved sanitation outcome (76.67%) is more than that without microfinance (47.50%). On the other hand, the nutrition condition of under-five children at the household level with sanitation microfinance was more (90%) than that of without microfinance (48.47%). Conclusion: Earning the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) to split the number of people without access to enhanced sanitation presents a substantial challenge for evolving and least developed countries. The 1st known search into the potential of microfinance to unleash latent claims for sanitation improvements among low-income households in a developing country.
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Siddiqi, Dina M. "Logics of Sedition: Re-signifying Insurgent Labour in Bangladesh’s Garment Factories." Journal of South Asian Development 15, no. 3 (December 2020): 371–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174120983955.
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I draw on the Tuba hunger strike of 2014, which took place in the shadow of the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, the preceding year, to think through questions of collective action in relation to shifting figurations of labour in moments of crisis. I ask how state, capital and (I)NGO priorities shape or re-signify dominant narratives of labour insurgency under supply chain capitalism (Tsing, 2009). I trace conditions that enable the invocation of (highly contextualized) non-work tropes as a strategy for controlling or reframing labour struggles; I am particularly interested in the emergence of the figure of the anti-nationalist or outside agitator and the work of sedition narratives in constructing borders between legitimate and illegal forms of labour mobilization. I show how the highly contingent global assemblages that emerge bear directly on the prospects for organizing (what remains of) the ‘formally’ employed industrial workforce in the global garment sector, holding lessons for other spaces and places.
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Nowshin, Iffat, Farhana Salim, Rini Juliet Rozario, and Humaira Nazneen. "Impact of Mass Media on Attitude and Practice of Public Health Knowledge among Urban Population of Bangladesh." Eastern Medical College Journal 7, no. 1 (November 7, 2022): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/emcj.v7i1.62722.
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This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 persons of different socio-economic conditions of Dhaka city using semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview to identify the impact of mass media in disseminating public health related messages to the urban population of Bangladesh. Convenience sampling was the process of selecting the subjects. Among 180 respondents mean age of the respondents was 28.75±8.55 years. Majority of the respondents were graduate (29.0%). Of the total 180 respondents 121 (67.2%) read newspaper and among them, 46 (38.32%) read Public Health related articles in the newspaper regularly. On the other hand out of the total 180 respondents 170 (95.0%) watch television and of them 36 (21.18%) watch public health related programme in the television regularly. Highest 140 (77.8%) respondents said television as the source of information in TB prevention. Majority (90%) of the respondents said of television as the information source on prevention of diarrhoeal diseases. Magazine and internet were mentioned by 20 (11%) respondents in each group as the information source. Regarding the sources of information on pregnancy related problems and solutions television was mentioned as the source of information by 156 (86%) of the respondents. Friends or relatives or teachers (67%), newspaper (64%), billboard (45%) and radio (44%) were other sources. Television was found as the main source of public health information to the people. Impact of print media in disseminating public health messages was mentioned very satisfactory by 24% and electronic media by 77% respondents. The mass media can be very much effective in getting public health messages to the community in developing countries. In view of our findings, it may be recommended that television, newspaper and billboards may be used as tools for reaching out that the use of these media should be strengthened further.
EMCJ. January 2022; 7(1): 21-25
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MUHAMMED, NUR, FARHANA HAQUE, and MASAO KOIKE. "THE ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY SOCIAL FORESTRY IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE RURAL POOR: A CASE STUDY OF DHAKA FOREST DIVISION IN BANGLADESH." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 18, no. 4 (January 2008): 395–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2008.9752646.
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MUHAMMED, NUR, FARHANA HAQUE, and MASAO KOIKE. "THE ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY SOCIAL FORESTRY IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE RURAL POOR: A CASE STUDY OF DHAKA FOREST DIVISION IN BANGLADESH." Forests, Trees and Livelihoods 19, no. 1 (January 2009): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14728028.2009.9752653.
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Talukder, Md Harun Ar Rashid, Md Monwar Hossain, Md Tariqul Islam, Mohammad Idrish Ali, Mujibur Rahman, and Md Momenul Haque. "Frequency of Extracranial Complications of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 34, no. 1 (August 8, 2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v34i1.29115.
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Objectives: To see the way of presentation of extracranial complication, relationship between socio-economic conditions and extracranial complication of chronic suppuration otitis media.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010. The diagnosis was made by detailed history, clinical examination & investigation. Analyzed data was presented by various tables.Results: In this study male (59%), lower class people (57%), age 11-20 years, rural (66%) and less educated patients were more affected. Having bath in the ponds and rivers suffers more. Clinical presentation of CSOM with complications were aural discharge (100%), hearing impairment (94%), post auricular swelling (15%), pain in the ear (21%), postauricular discharge (27%) and mass in the EAC (12%). Here found aural discharge mostly malodorous and scanty, attic perforation and cholesteatoma. Post auricular abscess most common (47%) extracranial complication and labyrinthitis was the lowest (3%). Atticoantral variety was more common (89%) than that of tubotympanic disease (11%).Conclusion: From the review of the series we found the frequency & types of extracranial complications arising from CSOM and known the current epidemiological data. It can produce awareness among all level of medical practitioners and enhance prompt diagnosis and treatment.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(1): 3-8
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Asadullah, M. Niaz, and Fahema Talukder. "The paradox of the contented female worker." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 800–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-08-2018-0283.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the determinants of subjective and emotional well-being of workers in Bangladesh’s female-intensive export-oriented ready-made garments (RMG) factories based on a function of demographic, economic and psychological factors and work-place characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Employee-level data are obtained from a purposefully designed survey conducted in 2014 on 50 RMG factories located outside the country’s export processing zones. Dependent variables include domain-specific as well as overall life satisfaction. The analysis is quantitative in nature and based on ordered probit and (factory) fixed-effect regression models. Findings Compared to men, female workers are found to be more satisfied with life and financial situations and less depressed, a finding that is robust to controls for workplace characteristics and policies (e.g. provisions for childcare; higher presence of female supervisors; and management’s attitude toward work life balance) and factory fixed effects. This suggests that despite various compliance-related problems, employment in the RMG sector is intrinsically valued by female employees. Among other findings, although absolute income does not appear to affect well-being, relative income effect is statistically significant. Originality/value Although there is a sizable literature on the importance of decent jobs and women’s employment in low-pay manufacturing jobs in developing countries, studies on whether women intrinsically value such jobs are limited. Our study is unique in the sense that it draws on a purposefully designed survey conducted a year after the deadly collapse of RMG factory buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The incident exposed unsafe work conditions in which millions of women work in manufacturing sector around the developing world. To our knowledge, this is also the first paper on subjective assessment of work and non-work aspects of lives of women employed in Bangladesh’s RMG sector. The study also contributes to the international literature on the paradox of the contented female worker in low-pay jobs. Therefore, the paper will be of significant interest to readers from other countries that rely on apparel exports and depend on female labor.
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Khoda, Mohammad Mehfuz E., Ishrat Jahan Shimu, Palash Mitra, Md Jakir Hossain, MA Sattar Sarkar, Anup Kumar Saha, and Md Billal Alam. "Modifiable Factors Associated with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh." BIRDEM Medical Journal 8, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v8i3.38129.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. The present study was done to identify the modifiable factors that were associated with the poor glycemic control in Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic patients attending in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH), Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 140 adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this study. Of them 70 patients had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus with glycated haemoglobin ³ 7% (group 1) and 70 patients with controlled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c< 7%) (group 2).Results: The present study demonstrated statistically significant difference regarding the mean age of both group 1 and group 2 [59.26±12.88 years and 55.24±11.52 years respectively (p <0.05)] and mean duration of diabetes [10.44±8.46 years and 5.96±6.39 years (p=0.0006) respectively]. Moderate physical activity was significantly (p=0.018) associated with good glycaemic control (group 1= 15.7% and group 2= 32.9%). Mean body mass index (BMI) of both group 1 and group 2 were almost equal (23.73±4.72 Kg/ m2 and 23.87±4.86 Kg/ m2 respectively) with no statistical significance and waist hip ratio was 0.98±0.07 and 0.95±0.09 respectively which was statistically significant (p=0.013). Poor economic conditions were significantly associated with uncontrolled blood glucose (p <0.05). Poor glycemic control was also significantly associated with smoking (p=0.00038) and frequent visit with specialist physician (p=0.011). Proper counseling was frequently associated with poor glycaemic control. Most of the patients in group 1 were irregular in dietary habit (58.6%) and exercise (67.1%) and intake of refined sugar (60%) were major contributory factors of poor glycaemic control.Conclusions: Low socioeconomic condition, smoking and intake of refined sugar were the significant modifiable factors that contributed to poor glycaemic control of diabetes. Irregular dietary habits and exercise and proper follow up with specialist physician were more frequent with poor blood glucose control. Proper counseling about diabetes and its management was another modifiable factor. Central obesity and longer duration of diabetes were predisposed to uncontrolled diabetes.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(3): 229-234
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SULTANA, YASMIN, GWENDOLYN L. GILBERT, BE-NAZIR AHMED, and ROGAN LEE. "Seroepidemiology ofStrongyloides stercoralisin Dhaka, Bangladesh." Parasitology 139, no. 11 (July 20, 2012): 1513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012000753.
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SUMMARYHuman strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease with global distribution and this infection is caused by the parasitic nematodeStrongyloides stercoralis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sera from 1004 residents from a slum (group A) and 299 from city dwellers (group B) were tested for total IgG and IgG subclasses toStrongyloidesantigen. There was a significant difference (P < 0·001) in IgG seroprevalence between group A (22%) and group B (5%). Reactive IgG subclasses (IgG1 and IgG4) were also higher in group A (P < 0·05). The seroprevalence of strongyloidiasis in group A increased with age but was unrelated to sex. The presence of reactive IgG toStrongyloidesantigen had no correlation with either socio-economic or personal hygiene factors. However, a history of diarrhoea in a family member, in the past 6 months, but not in the respondents was associated with detection of antibodies toS. stercoralis(P < 0·01). None of the sera from either group had an HTLV-I reaction. This study demonstrates that strongyloidiasis is prevalent in Dhaka, especially among slum dwellers, but concurrent infection with HTLV-I was not found. Future epidemiological studies should identify individual risk factors and other communities at risk so that appropriate interventions can be planned.
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Mamun, Al, Arifur Rahman, and Nabihatul Afrooz. "A Socio-economic Analysis of Private Plant Nursery Business in Bangladesh." Agriculturists 16, no. 02 (December 22, 2018): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v16i02.40348.
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This study was conducted to examine the socio-economic condition, profitability, and marketing channel of small-scale private plant nurseries in Bangladesh. The study is based on survey data collected from 105 respondents from the Dhaka metropolitan area, Savar Upazila and two Upazilas of Gazipur District during January-March 2018 using a structured questionnaire. The study reveals that about 74 percent of private plant nursery established on government land in Dhaka metropolitan area, whereas in Gazipur and Savar areas the nurseries are mostly on the rented property which is 68 percent and 56 percent respectively. The average land size of the nursery is 9.06 decimal in Dhaka metropolitan area, 182.06 decimal in Gazipur and 121.18 decimal in Savar area. The average length of the business is 12 years where more than 80 percent of the firms are run by sole ownership. The average annual income using per decimal land from the plant nursery business is Tk.76,411 in Dhaka, Tk.7,066 in Gazipur and Tk.10,085 in Savar. The benefit-cost ratio is 1.53, 1.51 and 1.52 per decimal for Dhaka, Gazipur and Savar areas, respectively. Usually, two intermediaries such as wholesalers and retailers are involved in the plant nursery business. Although plant nursery business is a profitable enterprise, however, the owners are facing numerous problems which need to be improved in order to the smooth expansion of the nursery business in Bangladesh.
The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 102-114
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Al Amin, Mohammad Mastak, Md Shohel Rana, and Iftekhar Mohammad Shafiqul Kalam. "Population Movements Towards Dhaka: Disquiets And Commendations." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2017): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n5p402.
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Internal migration is now a significant constituent for policy issues in Bangladesh, so there is a need to strengthen the statistical resources devoted to monitoring population movements which directly track migrants and provide household level data. The main objective of our study was to examine the factors and characteristics of individual’s internal migration towards Dhaka city, Bangladesh and recommend some policy issues. We considered a sample of 448 individuals from the rural and urban areas of Bangladesh those migrated to Dhaka city. Here we tried to figuring the determinants of socio-economic, economic and environmental factors related with the internal migration. We tried to interpret the differences between individual’s income, occupational positions, years of schooling, educational facilities and wealth of family before and after migration process. We found that the significant factors liable for internal migration were mainly occupational, educational and climatic. Ordinary least square technique was applied on three regression models which indicated that there were differences due to internal migration regarding to these economic, demographic and environmental factors in Bangladesh. Also we tried to recommend some policies and instruments about the future policy of internal migration.
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Barua, Sudipta, and Jacko A. van Ast. "Towards interactive flood management in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Water Policy 13, no. 5 (May 3, 2011): 693–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.020.
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Water governance in urban areas is inherently complex and challenging. During recent decades, water management has increasingly been focusing on integration of the different economic demands regarding water resources. Modern water governance takes the whole water system into account in its aim to optimise the different values of the water system, in close interaction with stakeholders. This paper applies the modern, interactive approach to the management of floods in a country considered to be one of the world's most flood-prone and vulnerable: Bangladesh. Are the pillars of modern water governance practiced in its metropolitan capital Dhaka? The current institutional setting of flood management is analysed following the main pillars of the interactive water management framework: integration, river basin approach, sustainability and interaction. Based on the analysis, general recommendations are formulated to bring further innovation to water and flood management in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and other great deltas in the world.
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Nasrin, Sharmin, Jonathan Bunker, and Zuduo Zheng. "Worker Attitude toward Bus Rapid Transit: Considering Dhaka, Bangladesh." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2533, no. 1 (January 2015): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2533-02.
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The government of Bangladesh is planning to develop and implement bus rapid transit (BRT) in Dhaka City. This paper presents a stated choice survey conducted to understand workers’ attitudes toward BRT in Dhaka. Survey data were analyzed with a multinomial logit model to scrutinize the effect of social and economic factors on participants’ mode choices. Analysis results revealed that males, older workers, workers with higher education qualifications, and workers with higher incomes have a greater tendency toward choosing BRT.
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Ahmed, Farid Uddin. "The Business-Politics Nexus and Violations of the Water Bodies in Dhaka City." Bangladesh Political Science Review 15, no. 1 (October 2022): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.57074/dero9339.
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In the last four decades, Bangladesh has achieved a remarkable transformation and improvements in terms of its economic and social development. Bangladesh’s achievement in environmental governance and sustainable development, however, is far from satisfactory. Multi-dimensional tragedies have occurred in the public resources, particularly the water bodies in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Water and forest resources are grabbed, depleted, and destroyed by certain political and economic interest groups. Few studies had focused on the governance of the water bodies in Dhaka City by adopting a political economic approach. Against this backdrop, adopting such an approach, this paper explores how the water bodies of Dhaka City have suffered violations. The paper argues that the ‘tragedy of the public resources’, particularly of the water bodies of Dhaka City, occurred primarily not due to the increasing population pressure but due to business and politics links associated with human transgression. Although the population boom has contributed to the rising pressure for public property and resources, the political business links, combined with a low institutional capacity, have primarily caused the disasters of the water bodies in Dhaka City. Successive governments have designed policies, laws, rules, and regulations for saving and protecting land, forest, and river resources. The government environmental agencies, however, have largely failed to manage and protect the public land and river resources effectively and efficiently. Consequently, the water bodies have been encroached on, misused, and grabbed, endangering the very existence of the rivers and so, ultimately, the process of sustainable development in Bangladesh.
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Barua, Dipesh Kumar, Sumon Kumar Das, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Mohammad Habibur Rahman Sarker, Jui Das, Shahnawaz Ahmed, Mohammad Abdul Malek, KM Shahunja, and Mohammod Jobayer Chisti. "Glimpse on shigellosis from endemic Bangladesh: decades of observation with urban-rural differentials." Bangladesh Critical Care Journal 4, no. 2 (October 21, 2016): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v4i2.30026.
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The Diarrhoeal Disease Surveillence System of icddr,b noted increasing proportion of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri at urban Dhaka and rural Matlab from 2000 to 2013. Shigella sonnei appeared as emerging serogroup during 2009-13 compared to 2000-04 among individuals aged ? 60 years both in Dhaka and Matlab, while Shigella boydii and Shigella flexneri showed remarkable increase with 400% and 100% respectively in Dhaka, and a moderate increase (55%) both Shigella boydii and Shigella flexneri in Matlab. However, decreased trend of all the Shigella species in both the sites except Shigella dysenteriae in Dhaka was found among under-5 children. Individuals from higher socio-economic status such as those having a monthly family income of >100 USD had protective role against shigellosis in Dhaka during 2009-13. Shigella species and host factors are responsible for changing trend as well as predictors of shigellosis.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2016; 4 (2): 105-109
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Afzal, Nasrin, and Begum Zainab. "Determinants and Status of Vaccination in Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Science 60, no. 1 (April 14, 2012): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10336.
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The identification of the characteristics that have an influence on the vaccination coverage of children and the determination of the pattern of such influence are very important since the government can reschedule the policy to immunize each and every child. This paper examines the factors that manipulate the vaccination coverage in terms of five major vaccines using the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS)-2007 data. The results strongly suggest that mothers education and economic status play a vital role significantly in improving the vaccination coverage. Besides, Khulna and Rajshahi have higher whereas Sylhet and Chittagong have lower immunization coverage than Dhaka. In addition, mothers exposure to media (newspaper, TV or radio) also improves the status of coverage both in the rural and urban areas in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10336 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 47-51 2012 (January)
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Islam, Farzana, and Gulshan Ara Akhter. "Child abuse in Bangladesh." Ibrahim Medical College Journal 9, no. 1 (May 7, 2016): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v9i1.27635.
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In Bangladesh, a large number of children are deprived of their basic human rights due to unacceptable health, nutrition, education as well as social conditions. In addition, children are exposed to severe forms of sexual, physical and mental abuses at home, in the work place, in institutions and other public places. The nature and extent of violence against children irrespective of age, sex and class has been increasing day by day. These include physical torture, rape, homicide and sometimes heinous attacks with acid. Children are also victims of child labor and trafficking, both of which are treated as the most severe form of child exploitation and child abuse in the world today. This review article is aimed to focus on the present situation of various forms of child abuses in our country. Data collection is based on secondary sources of information from Dhaka Medical College Hospital, One Stop Crisis Center (OCC),UNICEF, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, several Dhaka based organizations and news paper clipping.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(1): 18-21
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M., F. Hossain, C. Villanueva Charles, Hasan Farheen, and Maryam Hafsa. "Understanding and measuring economic empowerment of Sutrapur slum women in Dhaka, Bangladesh." International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 8, no. 6 (September 30, 2016): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijsa2016.0681.
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Uddin, Md Sanuwar, and Mohammad Zoynal Abedin. "Segregation of Plastic Waste from Solid Waste Stream: Bangladesh Perspective." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.06.04.2021.09.
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Solid waste is an inevitable by-product of human beings, animals and also of industrial-commercial activities. Obviously solid waste creates a greater problem to the environment, if it is not properly managed. Bangladesh being a heavily populated country needs to pay adequate attention to waste management. Waste generation in Bangladesh is increasing because of rapid urbanization and economic development of the country. At present, total solid waste generation in Bangladesh is around 27000 tons/day and in the four important city corporations is about 13,332 tons. Particularly in Dhaka city, it is around 7500 tons/day. This amount is likely to reach about 47000 tons per day in entire Bangladesh and 15000 tons per day for Dhaka city alone by 2030. At present, landfilling is the only method for disposal of heterogeneous waste stream and there are three landfills in Dhaka City. Most of these landfill sites are in open dumps polluting land, water and air. Development of any new landfill site is near to impossible due to land scarcity and increasing of land prices especially in Dhaka City. Improperly disposed waste is posing serious health implications to the people and it may transmit various diseases especially by non-degradable wastes like polythene. Rather, a proper Segregation system to recover of resource from plastic wastes can play a very important role in mitigating the difficulties of solid waste that can act as a raw material for product design in Bangladesh too. Therefore, a comprehensive study report followed by a model of plastic waste segregation system for Bangladesh has been highlighted in the paper.
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Bhunia, Amalendu, Santus Kumar Deb, and Humaira Siddika. "Socio-Economic Impact on the Working-Class during the Covid-19: A Comparative Study between Kolkata and Dhaka Cities." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 10, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2021.10.2.2982.
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This study compares the socio-economic impact on the working-class between Kolkata (West Bengal, India) and Dhaka (Bangladesh) Cities during the period of Covid-19 because the socio-economic characteristics’ are comparatively similar in nature. Workers in diverse sectors have undergone by reason of the closure of businesses, manufacturing and service sectors, and other sectors. This study is based on primary data collected from two cities of two countries using the structured questionnaire. In the course of analysis, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling have been used. Exploratory factor analysis shows that five latent variables in terms of one economic factor, three societal factors and one working-class factor from Kolkata city and six latent variables in terms of two economic factors, three societal factors and one working-class factor from Dhaka city have been identified. The structural equation model demonstrates that both economic and societal factors/variables influence the working class in Kolkata and Dhaka cities during the pandemic situation.
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Huda, SSM Sadrul, and Md Gazi Salah Uddin . "Privacy and Security Issues of Mobile Phone-The Case of Dhaka City, Bangladesh." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 2, no. 1 (July 15, 2011): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v2i1.648.
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The forecasted number of mobile phone users will be around 70 million at the end of 2011. This statement makes everybody remind the quick emergence of cell phone and shows the strong and fastest growth in mobile phone industry which also reminds the importance of mobile phone retailers. No doubt, that mobile phone services are an important contributor to the cash-strapped nation's economy. When this industry is booming out, the safety and security issue related to the use of mobile phone has come up with a great concern. The development of mobile technology has positioned privacy and security into risk to its users.) This risk hampers the daily economic activities thus the economic growth and development. This study concerns about how personal, social and economic safety and security, health and privacy issues can be hampered by the misuse of mobile phone (threat, harassment). This study also concerns whether crime committing has become more organized with the help of mobile technology. And whether there should be a clear law to protect general people from harassment through mobile phone. Lastly this study comes up with the decision that whether the misuse of mobile phone (threat, harassment), hampers economic activities which have an adverse affect on economic development. The target population for his study is the micro entrepreneurs in Dhaka who inseparably depend on mobile phone for their business communication as well as the users of mobile phone are the target population of this study. The sample size is one hundred and four (104) micro entrepreneurs and users in Dhaka. The sample size is one hundred and four micro entrepreneurs and users in Dhaka. The structured questionnaire based on Likert scale has been used to ask the respondents to indicate their agreement or disagreement on a five point scale ranging from strongly agrees. The study comes up with the findings that misuse of mobile phone (threat, harassment), hampers economic activity thus have an adverse affect on economic development.
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Lata, Lutfun Nahar. "Neoliberal Urbanity and the Right to Housing of the Urban Poor in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320938520.
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In Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh with a population of 18 million, nearly one-third are living under the threat of eviction without resettlement due to lack of tenure security. This occurs despite the Bangladesh government’s ratification of multiple international conventions as well as provisions within the national Constitution with regard to people’s rights. Within this context, drawing on Lefebvre’s theorization of space and using the right to the city (RTC) framework, this article explores the urban poor’s right to housing in the context of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Findings suggest that the local and central government officials categorize slum dwellers as encroachers and criminals, who pose a direct threat to an orderly, clean and green city. Hence, they cannot be allowed to exist in the city. Additionally, the state has shifted the development of land and housing markets to real estate developers, following a neoliberal economic model. Consequently, a few powerful developers control Dhaka’s land and housing markets, only supplying housing for the growing middle class. Access to these houses is far beyond poor people’s reach. Thus, the urban poor’s housing rights are denied both by the state and by the market in Dhaka.
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Uddin, Md Zia, and Takeshi Mizunoya. "Correction to: An economic analysis of the proposed Dhaka–Chittagong Expressway in Bangladesh with the viewpoint of GHG emission reduction." Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science 4, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41685-019-00141-8.
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The article An economic analysis of the proposed Dhaka–Chittagong Expressway in Bangladesh with the viewpoint of GHG emission reduction, written by Md. Zia Uddin and Takeshi Mizunoya, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 26 September 2019 without open access.
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Ahmed, Md Nazim Uddin, Md Rezwanul Kabir, and Tanzima Akter Jyoti. "Promising Relationship between Bangladesh and Russia." Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (March 22, 2022): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjhss.2022.v07i03.004.
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This study analysis to what extent Russia supported Bangladesh. Russia is a true friend of Bangladesh. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established between Bangladesh and the Soviet Union on 25 January 1972. Bangladesh has maintained bilateral relations since the collapse of the Soviet Union, with a Russian embassy in Dhaka, and a consulate-general in Chittagong. Bangladesh has an embassy in Moscow, with the two countries enjoying close military, economic and political relations. This relationship is contributing to the development of Asian regional politics, economy, and culture. Bangladesh’s relations with Russia are historic. It would have been difficult for Bangladesh to achieve independence without the cooperation of the Soviet Union, and this continues to be recognized today.
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Uddin, Md Zia, and Takeshi Mizunoya. "An economic analysis of the proposed Dhaka–Chittagong Expressway in Bangladesh with the viewpoint of GHG emission reduction." Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science 4, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41685-019-00136-5.
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Abstract Frequent road intersections in Dhaka–Chittagong National Highway (NH1), the major transport corridor of Bangladesh, significantly reduce the level of service of the corridor and eventually leads to inefficient fuel economy and excessive greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. In spite of upgrading NH1 into a four-lane highway, major road intersections reduce vehicle speed and increase congestion time and eventually burn fuel. Fuel expenses during this lost time cover no distance but increase vehicular emission within the vicinity of road and contribute to roadside temperature. Besides, the transport sector’s energy demand in Bangladesh is supported mostly by imported fuel that drains out foreign currency and inhibits GDP growth. Against the backdrop, the Government of Bangladesh is proposing to construct a four-lane expressway. The paper attempts to estimate the fuel loss savings, GHG emission reduction and economic benefit of constructing Dhaka–Chittagong Expressway. As the construction of the expressway paved a way for an increment of traffic growth by 10%, the study infers that the average lost time because of 36 intersections for a projected annual average daily traffic of 27,334 vehicles/day (in 2022). In addition to that, the fuel loss savings for various vehicle classes affect economic growth and the ensuing idling emission of EFI and MFI engines contributes to transport sector pollution. The study intends to expedite the fact that Dhaka–Chittagong Expressway would not only replace road interventions that reduce travel time cost, expenditures regarding vehicle operating and accident but also contributes cardinally to economic emancipation of the country. The estimated Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR) was 1.23, net present value was 762.34 Million USD) and Economic Internal Rate of return was 18.27% of the proposed project.
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Murata, Fumie, Toru Terao, Taiichi Hayashi, Haruhisa Asada, and Jun Matsumoto. "Relationship between atmospheric conditions at Dhaka, Bangladesh, and rainfall at Cherrapunjee, India." Natural Hazards 44, no. 3 (August 18, 2007): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9125-2.
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Jayedi Aman. "Windows for Evaluating the Impact on Human Comfort in Academic Studios in Bangladesh." Creative Space 6, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2019.62005.
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Despite the fact that windows have a vast scale sway on thermal environment bearing in mind window dimensions and alignments, more often than not, for naturally ventilated architectural design studios in Dhaka it ends up being troublesome to give the agreeable warm condition for educating and learning within the studios due to high temperature amid summer term. As a result, electrical means are required to make non-natural condition that puts mammoth weight on the complete national energy need. This examination intends to discover a compelling window classification from accessible window setups in existing architecture studios, situated in various open and private colleges in Dhaka through simulation readings for enhancing the thermal conditions, which can be seen as agreeable by a large portion of the inhabitants, as indicated by PMV-PPD. Field examination was done to distinguish the current windows, which are utilized in architecture studios with regards to Dhaka. At that point, the case design studio was chosen and simulation instrument EnergyPlusTM was utilized for estimating the execution of the accessible window arrangements as for thermal conditions. For the simulation study at the last stage, the test points and core test points of virtual 3D-case studio were established. In light of the investigation, for architecture design studios in Dhaka, ‘segregated viewing windows’ classification was deemed as best among the chosen window classes.
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Badhan, Ishrat Momtaz, and Asma Siddika. "Evaluating the Policy Outcomes for Urban Resiliency in Informal Settlements Since Independence in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Review." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 17 (October 18, 2019): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj20191797110.
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Today’s cities are characterized by the process of urbanization, which in most cases is integrated with the escalation of informal settlements due to excessive migration followed by a housing crisis. This is a common situation for most cities in developing countries, such as Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Dhaka has emerged as one of the fastest growing megacities in recent times, which receives a major number of rural to urban migrants annually due to its growth as the major economic hub of Bangladesh. Dhaka has one of the largest populations among all global cities, which results in a critical challenge for urban areas that are experiencing very fast growing slum and squatter settlements. Considering the global concern toward urban resiliency, several policy approaches such as eviction, resettlement, and upgrading have been adopted to deal with slum (bastee) settlements of Dhaka since independence in 1972. The objective of this study is to analyse these adopted policies chronologically by reviewing the policy outcomes of other South Asian countries. The study follows a theoretical analysis from secondary resources and finally makes a summary of different policies and their outcomes.
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Dey, Samrat Kumar, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Arpita Howlader, Umme Raihan Siddiqi, Khandaker Mohammad Mohi Uddin, Rownak Borhan, and Elias Ur Rahman. "Prediction of dengue incidents using hospitalized patients, metrological and socio-economic data in Bangladesh: A machine learning approach." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): e0270933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270933.
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Dengue fever is a severe disease spread by Aedes mosquito-borne dengue viruses (DENVs) in tropical areas such as Bangladesh. Since its breakout in the 1960s, dengue fever has been endemic in Bangladesh, with the highest concentration of infections in the capital, Dhaka. This study aims to develop a machine learning model that can use relevant information about the factors that cause Dengue outbreaks within a geographic region. To predict dengue cases in 11 different districts of Bangladesh, we created a DengueBD dataset and employed two machine learning algorithms, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). This research also explores the correlation among environmental factors like temperature, rainfall, and humidity with the rise and decline trend of Dengue cases in different cities of Bangladesh. The entire dataset was divided into an 80:20 ratio, with 80 percent used for training and 20% used for testing. The research findings imply that, for both the MLR with 67% accuracy along with Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.57 and SVR models with 75% accuracy along with Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.95, the number of dengue cases reduces throughout the winter season in the country and increases mainly during the rainy season in the next ten months, from August 2021 to May 2022. Importantly, Dhaka, Bangladesh’s capital, will see the maximum number of dengue patients during this period. Overall, the results of this data-driven analysis show that machine learning algorithms have enormous potential for predicting dengue epidemics.