Journal articles on the topic 'DGT'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: DGT.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'DGT.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Hong, Yongseok, Nguyen Phuoc Dan, Eunhee Kim, Hyo-Jung Choi, and Seunghee Han. "Application of diffusive gel-type probes for assessing redox zonation and mercury methylation in the Mekong Delta sediment." Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 16, no. 7 (2014): 1799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3em00728f.
Full text
2
Krisnapati, Bayu. "DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PAJAK SEBAGAI PENEGAK HUKUM TRANSFORMATIF DI INDONESIA." Scientax 1, no. 1 (October 14, 2019): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52869/st.v1i1.7.
Full textAbstract:
Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) is a government institution that half of the authority is judicative because the DGT is able to collect revenue by using enforcement to taxpayers. The DGT has judicative characteristic so that the DGT must be abreast with the other law enforcement institution in Indonesia law system. In this case, the writer used the term of Transformative Law Enforcement (TLE). Act number 9/2017 gives new duty and power for the DGT so that it strengthen DGT position as a TLE. This research focuses on DGT role as a TLE until the existence of the DGT can be recognized in public law system and is purposed for the DGT to have specific law that manage the DGT. This research use normative judicatory approach method and qualitative descriptive with secondary data. The conclusion is that Act number 9/2017 gives new duty and power for the DGT as TLE to have unimpeded access of financial information from financial service institution and another entity in order to increase taxpayer compliance eventhough it might cause conflict of interest with Bank Indonesia as the central bank and the highest authority of all banks in Indonesia.
3
Yamazaki, Wataru, Masashi Takahashi, and Manabu Kawahara. "Restricted development of mouse triploid fetuses with disorganized expression of imprinted genes." Zygote 23, no. 6 (October 16, 2014): 874–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199414000550.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryEukaryotic species commonly contain a diploid complement of chromosomes. The diploid state appears to be advantageous for mammals because it enables sexual reproduction and facilitates genetic recombination. Nonetheless, the effects of DNA ploidy on mammalian ontogeny have yet to be understood. The present study shows phenotypic features and expression patterns of imprinted genes in tripronucleate diandric and digynic triploid (DAT and DGT) mouse fetuses on embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). Measurement of crown–rump length revealed that the length of DGT fetuses (1.87 ± 0.13 mm; mean ± standard error of the mean) was much smaller than that of diploid fetuses (4.81 ± 0.05 mm). However, no significant difference was observed in the crown–rump length between diploid and DAT fetuses (3.86 ± 0.43 mm). In DGT fetuses, the expression level of paternally expressed genes, Igf2, Dlk1, Ndn, and Peg3, remained significantly reduced and that of maternally expressed genes, Igf2r and Grb10, increased. Additionally, in DAT fetuses, the Igf2 mRNA expression level was approximately twice that in diploid fetuses, as expected. These results provide the first demonstration that imprinted genes in mouse triploid fetuses show distinctive expression patterns independent of the number of parental-origin haploid sets. These data suggest that both DNA ploidy and asymmetrical functions of parental genomes separately influence mammalian ontogeny.
4
Zhang, Hao, and William Davison. "Use of diffusive gradients in thin-films for studies of chemical speciation and bioavailability." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 2 (2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14105.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context The health of aquatic organisms depends on the distribution of the dissolved forms of chemical components (speciation) and their rates of interaction (dynamics). This review documents and explains progress made using the dynamic technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) to meet these challenges of measuring directly chemical speciation and associated dynamics in natural waters. The relevance of these measurements to uptake by biota of chemical forms in soils, sediments and water is discussed with reference to this expanding literature. Abstract This review assesses progress in studies of chemical speciation using diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) by examining the contributions made by key publications in the last 20 years. The theoretical appreciation of the dynamic solution components measured by DGT has provided an understanding of how DGT measures most metal complexes, but excludes most colloids. These findings strengthen the use of DGT as a monitoring tool and provide a framework for using DGT to obtain in situ kinetic information. Generally, the capabilities of DGT as an in situ perturbation and measurement tool have yet to be fully exploited. Studies that have used DGT to investigate processes relevant to bioavailability have blossomed in the last 10 years, especially for soils, as DGT mimics the diffusion limiting uptake conditions that, under some conditions, characterise uptake by plants. As relationships between element accumulated by DGT and in plants depend on the plant species, soils studied, and the element and its chemical form, DGT is not an infallible predictive tool. Rather its strength comes from providing information on the labile species in the system, whether water, soil or sediment. Recent studies have shown good relationships between measurements of metals in periphyton and by DGT, and unified dose response curves have been obtained for biota in sediments when they are based on DGT measurements. Both these cases suggest that alternative approaches to the established ‘free ion’ approach may be fruitful in these media and illustrate the growing use of DGT to investigate environmental chemical processes.
5
Ramdhan, Muhammad Rheza. "How to select tax audit cases?: a literature review of research in tax avoidance." Journal of Economics and Business Letters 1, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.55942/jebl.v1i2.89.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, DGT is experiencing a shortage of tax auditors. As a result, DGT was unable to meet the tax collection goal. This issue, I think, may be addressed by developing a tax audit case selection model. This model employs the tax avoidance variable, which is assessed by the amount of adjustment in the modified tax assessment, as well as various factors classified as company characteristics, firm activities, and BOD characteristics. To develop this model, DGT should alter the format of tax returns in order to get the necessary information from taxpayers. Then, DGT must choose an analytical technique to evaluate the data. Because DGT has a large amount of data, I suggest utilizing the big data analytics approach, and I think that the regression model is outdated. So, I think that this approach will be useful in making DGT better in the future, since DGT may find it simpler to pick tax audit cases that will have a significant effect on tax collection. Unless DGT creates this paradigm, I think DGT will be unable to achieve its goal indefinitely. This article aims to describe certain tax avoidance measures and some tax avoidance factors that will be helpful in developing a tax audit case selection model. Furthermore, I'd want to show how DGT might evaluate such determinants in order to construct a suitable model.
6
Sochaczewski, Łukasz, William Davison, Hao Zhang, and Wlodeck Tych. "Understanding small-scale features in DGT measurements in sediments." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 6 (2009): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09077.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context. Observations, using the technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), of pronounced, small-scale (millimetre) maxima in concentrations of sulfide and metals in the pore water of sediments, have emphasised the importance of processes occurring in microniches. Modelling of the interactions between microniche sources and DGT devices within a sediment environment demonstrates how these sharp features arise and provides a basis for their quantitative interpretation. Abstract. Measurements in sediments made using DGT (diffusive gradients in thin-films) have shown small-scale (millimetre and sub-millimetre) maxima in solute concentration (e.g trace metals and sulfide). The sediment–DGT system was simulated using a dynamic model, which incorporated a spherical microniche close to the DGT surface. DGT maxima could arise when the microniche was (1) a local source with associated elevated concentration in the pore water, and (2) when, within the microniche, the Kd for the relevant solute partitioning with exchangeable solute associated with the solid phase was much higher than for the rest of the sediment. Use of realistic values of Kd and comparison with existing data suggested that the latter mechanism was unlikely to be responsible for observed DGT maxima. Locally elevated concentrations will be reasonably accurately reproduced by DGT. Peak height measured by DGT will be between 62 and 87% of the true maxima in concentration within the sediment when DGT is not present, while peak widths will be similar. This work provides, for the first time, a means for confidently interpreting the two dimensional images of DGT-measured concentrations in sediments.
7
van der Veeken, Pascal L. R., P. Chakraborty, and Herman P. van Leeuwen. "Accumulation of Humic Acid in DET/DGT Gels." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 11 (June 2010): 4253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es100510u.
Full text
8
Degryse, Fien, Erik Smolders, Hao Zhang, and William Davison. "Predicting availability of mineral elements to plants with the DGT technique: a review of experimental data and interpretation by modelling." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2009): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09010.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context. Total concentrations of mineral elements in soil bear little relation to their availability for plants. The DGT (diffusive gradients in thin-films) technique has been found to be a good predictor of trace metal uptake and P deficiency, though not consistently in all studies for all elements. This review examines the fundamental basis for the relation between DGT fluxes and plant uptake and assesses under which conditions this relation may break down. Abstract. In the DGT technique, elements are accumulated on a binding gel after their diffusive transport through a hydrogel. In this paper, we explore in more detail why – and under which conditions – DGT correlates with plant uptake. The theoretical considerations are illustrated with experimental results for metal uptake and toxicity, and for phosphorus deficiency. Strong correlations between DGT and plant uptake are predicted if the diffusive transport of the element from soil to the plant roots is rate-limiting for its uptake. If uptake is not limited by diffusive transport, DGT-fluxes and plant uptake may still correlate provided that plant uptake is not saturated. However, competitive cations may affect the plant uptake under these conditions, whereas they have no effect on the DGT flux. Moreover, labile complexes are not expected to contribute to the plant uptake if diffusion is not limiting, but they are measured with DGT. Therefore, if plant uptake is not limited by diffusion, interpretation of the observed correlation in terms of the labile species measured by DGT is inappropriate.
9
Pratiwi, Dian, and Dwi Martani. "REALITAS PENATAUSAHAAN PIUTANG PAJAK PEMERINTAH." Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara dan Kebijakan Publik 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v6i2.355.
Full textAbstract:
The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) had findings on tax receivables in the last seven years, indicate that the DGT has not managed tax receivables properly. This study aims to analyze problems in the administration of tax receivables at DGT, benchmarking with other countries, and provide suggestions to solve these problems. This study uses a qualitative method with case studies at the DGT and some other tax authorities as multiple units of analysis. Data collection are carried out through interviews and documentation. The results show several problems in the administration of tax receivables at DGT that lead to the system, Taxpayer Account application, regulation, human resource, and exchange of information. Some suggested solutions to solve these problems are integrating existing systems in DGT, developing Taxpayer Accounts, improving the quality of human resources and conducting regular supervision, revised PER-08/PJ./2009 and affirming rules for DGT's recurring business processes, and building a data exchange system between the DGT and the Tax Court as well as the DGT and Directorate General of the Treasury
10
Li, Rui, and Jian Zhou. "Sparse time-frequency representation based on multiwindow discrete Gabor transform." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 16, no. 05 (September 2018): 1850041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691318500418.
Full textAbstract:
The multiwindow discrete Gabor transform (M-DGT) is an important time-frequency analysis tool in many applications. In this paper, sparse time-frequency representation (TFR) based on M-DGT with sparse regularization theory is presented. The M-DGT is first formulated as a convex constrained optimization model by minimizing the objective function with a mixed [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] norm of the M-DGT coefficients. Then, an iterative algorithm based on the split Bergman method is utilized to compute the sparse Gabor time-frequency spectrum of the analyzed signal. According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, using an analysis window with good time resolution in M-DGT will lead to the Gabor TFR with high frequency resolution and vice versa. To obtain the sparse TFR with good time-frequency resolution (or concentration), the sparse spectra of M-DGT can be combined by the arithmetic average or the geometric average. Numerical experiments clearly show that the proposed method is an effective and powerful tool for analyzing nonstationary signals, by which the high time-frequency concentration (or resolution) of the Gabor time-frequency spectrum can be obtained as compared to traditional M-DGT.
11
Tirta, Ardina Purnama, Asep Saefumillah, Foliatini Foliatini, and Herawati Herawati. "The Study of Phosphate Release from Artificial Sediment into Water Body Using Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) Device in Oxic Condition." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.43482.
Full textAbstract:
The phenomenon of phosphate release in sediments into water bodies under oxic environment has been investigated using the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) technique. This research consists of several stages: polymer synthesis and DGT probe assembly, sediment sampling, DGT deployment in oxic conditions, and phosphate analysis from DGT adsorption results. Acrylamide polymer was successfully synthesized with a composition 15% acrylamide; N-N'-methylenebisacrylamide 0.1% and ferrihydrite as binding gels. DGT probes were assembly by placing a 16 x 3.2 cm polyacrylamide gel, binding gels and filter membranes on the DGT probes. The sediment sample was taken from the Bogor Botanical Gardens at the coordinates 6°36’00.6” S; 106°47’51.0” E. The DGT probe was placed in sediment samples for 1, 3 and 7 days in oxic conditions. After the prescribed time, the binding gel was removed and cut every 1 cm depth, then eluted using 0.25 M H2SO4 and the phosphate concentration was measured using spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the phosphate concentration tends to be higher with the increasing incubation time and depth. Maximum CDGT phosphate released on day 1, day 3 and day 7 were 1.00 µg/L at a depth of 14 cm, 6.61 µg/L at a depth of 14 cm, and 20.92 µg/L at a depth of 11 cm respectively. This ensures that the phosphate in water bodies comes from biogeochemical processes that occur in sediments and is successfully measured through DGT techniques.
12
Thomas, P. "Metals pollution tracing in the sewerage network using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.287.
Full textAbstract:
Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) is a quantitative, passive monitoring technique that can be used to measure concentrations of trace species in situ in solutions. Its potential for tracing metals pollution in the sewer system has been investigated by placing the DGT devices into sewage pumping stations and into manholes, to measure the concentration of certain metals in the catchment of a sewage treatment works with a known metals problem. In addition the methodology and procedure of using the DGT technique in sewers was investigated. Parameters such as temperature and pH were measured to ensure they were within the limits required by the DGT devices, and the optimum deployment time was examined. It was found that although the results given by the DGT technique could not be considered to be fully quantitative, they could be used to identify locations that were showing an excess concentration of metals, and hence trace pollution back to its source. The DGT technique is ‘user friendly’ and requires no complicated equipment for deployment or collection, and minimal training for use. It is thought that this is the first time that the DGT technique has been used in situ in sewers for metals pollution tracing.
13
Nguyen, Hong Lien, Anh Tuan Phung, Trung Kien Tran, Trung Hai Huynh, and Bich Huong La. "Evaluating the Performance of a Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film Embedded with Montmorillonite for the Determination of Labile Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn in Natural River Water." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (November 16, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1483909.
Full textAbstract:
Montmorillonite (MMT), a natural clay mineral with high ion-exchange capacity and trace metal adsorbability, has been demonstrated to be a suitable binding phase in the diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique for the determination of labile trace metals in synthetic water samples. However, in situ working performance of DGT-MMT with natural river water has not yet been investigated. The present study examined the performance of a DGT containing montmorillonite (MMT) for the in situ isolation and determination of labile Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn fractions in Lach Tray River water, North Vietnam. The repeatability and accuracy of the DGT-MMT probe were assessed on the basis of seven measurement replicates performed on Cd2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ standard solutions. Then, the DGT-MMT probes were deployed in Lach Tray River water at different sampling sites to determine the labile metal fractions present in river water. By comparing the total and dissolved metal concentrations in the river water, the distributions of the four tested trace metals were constructed. The proportions of the dissolved fractions of Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn were 46.7–73.7%, 38.5–63.9%, 36.4–41.6%, and 49.8–67.7%, respectively. The results also showed that the high accuracy and reproducibility of the DGT-MMT data were comparable with measurements obtained by the commonly used DGT-Chelex-100 method. In comparison with the data obtained from anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), a traditional technique for the determination of non-in situ speciation of trace metals, labile metal concentrations measured by DGT-MMT were in similar ranges. These findings indicate that naturally available montmorillonite can be used as an alternative binding material in DGT probes for the in situ determination of labile metal concentrations in natural watercourses.
14
Negara, Gustia Ikra, and Rahmi Surya Dewi. "STRATEGI DAN MEDIA KEHUMASAN DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PAJAK (DJP) DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN PERPAJAKAN LEMBAGA JASA KEUANGAN (LJK)." Jurnal Ranah Komunikasi (JRK) 3, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/rk.3.1.45-54.2019.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to examine how the Public Relations strategy of the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) in disseminating the Financial Information Law to Financial Services Institusions (LJK). In other words, the relationship between tax authorities and LJK is ultimately beneficial for DGT to strengthen the taxation database and increase LJK tax awareness. This study used qualitative method, because in qualitative research it it very relevant to describe the findings of research concerning the relationship of DGT Public Relations with LJK. The result showed that in the dissemination and communication of information on the Financial Information Law, the DGT implemented a Public Relations strategy through communicators, messages and used selected media, so that the DGT could take steps in the socialization and education program for the financial services institution.
15
Lasmana, Indradhi, Ludofikus Dumin, Stefen Ndun, and Joko Suparmanto. "ANALISA KINERJA DAN PRIORITAS SISTEM DRAINASE DI KAWASAN KOTA BORONG KABUPATEN MANGGARAI TIMUR." JUTEKS - Jurnal Teknik Sipil 2, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32511/juteks.v2i1.125.
Full textAbstract:
Banjir atau genangan di suatu kawasan terjadi apabila sistem yang berfungsi untuk menampung genangan itu tidak mampu menampung debit yang mengalir, hal ini akibat dari tiga kemungkinan yang terjadi yaitu : kapasitas sistem yang menurun, debit aliran air yang meningkat, atau kombinasi dari kedua-duanya. Perkembangan kota semakin hari semakin terus berkembang dan kebutuhan masyarakat akan ruang permukiman semakin tinggi sehingga berpengaruh terhadap ruang terbuka dan resapan air di wilayah Kota Borong. Analisis kinerja saluran drainase di kawasan wilayah Kota Borong menjadi suatu langkah penting guna mencari solusi dalam penanganan masalah banjir dan genangan yang ada.
Dari hasil identifikasi kondisi sistem drainase dan kawasan yang mengalami banjir dan genangan di Kota Borong Kabupaten Manggarai Timur terdapat 8 (delapan) titik yang menjadi prioritas penanganan yaitu kawasan pasar Borong, Pasar Borong/Terminal, depan Koramil Kota Borong, Jalan Srikaya (depan Masjid Kota Ndora), Jalan Srikaya (depan Kantor DPRD), Jalan Sukun (masuk dari jalan negara), Jalan Sukun (kampung bugis peji depan kios warga), Perempatan di Kampung Bugis. Hasil Analisis Kinerja sistem jaringan drainase di kawasan Kota Borong dengan berbagai kriteria diperoleh kondisi bangunan cukup. Hal ini terlihat pada persentase kondisi sistem jaringan drainase di masing-masing sub sistem, yaitu kondisi di DG1 = 63,53%, kondisi di DG2 = 66,50%, konsisi di DG3 = 69% , DG4 = 60%, DG5 = 61,25%, DG6 = 68.37%, DG7 = 53,27% dan kondisi di DG8 = 60,71%. Analisis Penentuan skala prioritas penanganan dan penentuan daerah prioritas wilayah pasar Borong mempunyai nilai yang paling tinggi yaitu 456.25, Pasar Borong/Terminal = 421.25, Jalan Srikaya 351.25, Jalan sukun 237.5, Jalan Sukun Kampung bugis Peji 237.5 dan perempatan Kampung Bugis 237.5 dengan dilakukannya penanganan meliputi peninggian badan jalan, perbaikan kapasitas saluran dan elevasi saluran serta perlunya adanya bangunan-bangunan resapan.
16
Scally, Shaun, Hao Zhang, and William Davison. "Measurements of Lead Complexation with Organic Ligands using DGT." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 10 (2004): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch04076.
Full textAbstract:
The technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) was used to investigate the distribution of Pb between inorganic forms and organic complexes in various solutions that contained fulvic acid, humic acid, or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) over the pH range 4–8. Three types of DGT devices with diffusive gels of different pore sizes were used. When the diffusion coefficient of each species in each gel type was considered, the DGT measurements obtained agreed well with the distribution of species predicted by the ECOSAT equilibrium speciation model for all solutions and gel types. When an appreciable proportion of inorganic species was present in solution, direct measurements by DGT using the most restricted gel provided a reasonable estimate of the inorganic species in solution. This demonstrates that DGT is able to use differences in molecule mobility to distinguish between species in solution.
17
Putri Sekti Ari, Dessanti, and Latifah Hanum. "PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN WEBSITE DJP TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGGUNA DENGAN MODIFIKASI E GOVQUAL." Profit 15, no. 01 (January 10, 2021): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.profit.2021.015.01.11.
Full textAbstract:
One of the DGT e-government is the DGT website.. The DGT website contains the latest information on taxes , announcements, tax applications, the latest laws and regulations, press releases, DGT activities, customer service, and information about the DGT organizational structure. The existence of the website is expected to facilitate communication between taxpayers and the tax authorities as well as a means of facilitating the public to get the latest information related to taxation in Indonesia. However, some people still complain about this website service, one of which is that the website is still difficult to access. This complaint can potentially reduce user satisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of service quality on user satisfaction of the DGT website with e govqual modification. The dimensions used to measure this service's quality are efficiency, trust, reliability, citizen support, and system quality. Students are one of the DGT website users. Therefore, the population in this study were active undergraduate taxation students. The sampling method used was a random sampling system. This study uses an online survey to obtain data. The statistical tool used in this research is the SmartPLS program. This study's results indicate that each of the e govqual dimensions and its significant modification forms the system quality variable. And system quality variables affect user satisfaction.
18
Lehto, Niklas J., William Davison, and Hao Zhang. "The use of ultra-thin diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) devices for the analysis of trace metal dynamics in soils and sediments: a measurement and modelling approach." Environmental Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2012): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en12036.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental contextThe recently developed diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT)-planar optode sandwich probe uses extremely thin resin binding layers, separated from the medium of interest by a very thin material diffusive layer. This work investigates how these changes to the physical nature of a DGT probe are likely to change the interpretation of trace metal measurements in solutions, soils and sediments by using a combination of experimental measurements in well characterised solutions and spiked soils, and advanced reactive transport modelling. AbstractThe interpretation of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) measurements of trace metals in aquatic systems has developed from studies using DGT devices with standard dimensions, but increasingly ultra thin devices are being used for measurements in sediments. This work investigates their performance and the suitability of using traditional data interpretation. The relationship between the concentration of DGT-labile trace metal and the mass of Cu and Cd bound by a 50 µm-thick suspended particulate reagent–imidodiacetate resin binding layer was found to be linear when the total mass of the metals bound by the resin was less than 3 µg cm–2, demonstrating that the capacity is adequate for measurements in uncontaminated environments. An ultra thin DGT probe using a 50 µm-thick resin gel and a 0.01 mm-thick material diffusion layer (MDL), was deployed in soil to demonstrate the spatial resolution in trace metal measurements that can be achieved using this approach. DGT probes with extremely thin (0.01 mm) and more conventional MDLs (0.8 mm) were used to investigate if the mechanisms traditionally used to describe DGT uptake of Cu and Cd from solutions and soil porewaters apply for ultra-thin probes. Interpretation of the results using a dynamic numerical model demonstrated that the processes determining the supply of Cu and Cd to a DGT probe in these media are unlikely to differ for conventional and ultra thin probes, despite the higher metal fluxes to the latter probes. Overall, the results establish that measurements made using ultra-thin DGT devices in soils and sediments can be meaningfully interpreted using an extension of the existing theory.
19
Trisnawati, Yuli, and Siti Nuryanah. "EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TAX OBJECTION REVIEW IN INDONESIA’S TAX AUTHORITY." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 68–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jaki.2022.04.
Full textAbstract:
An evaluation of the effectiveness of tax objection review by the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) is required due to the increasing number of tax disputes that continue to litigation and a low winning rate for DGT in tax court (approximately 40%). This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of reviewing tax objections at DGT using Campbell's Effectiveness Theory (1989) with criteria of programs and goals success, program satisfaction, inputs and outputs conformity, and overall goal achievement. This is case study research with a qualitative method presented in a descriptive analysis. Data was collected through documentation, interviews, and satisfaction surveys. Informants are from the DGT, Taxpayers, Tax Consultants, Tax Lecturers and the Secretariat of the Tax Supervisory Committee (Setkomwasjak). The results indicate that the tax objection review at the DGT has been moderately effective, as evidenced by the achievement of the predetermined targets. However, several criteria should be improved, such as input and output quality, workload and independence. The separation of the objection review unit from the Regional Office (Kanwil) of the DGT is one of the recommendations proposed to increase the independence of tax objection review.
20
Dufka, Michaela, and Bohumil Dočekal. "Characterization of Urban Particulate Matter by Diffusive Gradients in Thin Film Technique." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9698710.
Full textAbstract:
A diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique was employed in characterization of the particulate matter related to the urban area suffering from heavy traffic. Kinetics of mobilization metals fluxes from the metal-contaminated particulate matter was investigated. To monitor responses of the particulate matter sample, DGT probes of various thickness of diffusion layer were deployed in aqueous model suspensions of the particulate matter for different time periods. Particulate matter samples and exposed DGT resin gels were decomposed in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid in a microwave pressurized PTFE-lined system. Total content of some traffic-related elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Sb, and V) was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. DGT measurements revealed that two metals pools associated with particles could be recognized, which can be characterized as high soluble fraction and almost insoluble fraction. DGT-measured metal fluxes from the labile pool showed significant difference in mobilization and resupply fluxes of individual selected elements, which might reflect the origin of selected metals and their speciation in particulate matter. The DGT technique can be applied as a useful tool for characterization of metals mobilization from the particulate matter.
21
Muke, Shital S., Deepak Tugnawat, Udita Joshi, Aditya Anand, Azaz Khan, Ritu Shrivastava, Abhishek Singh, et al. "Digital Training for Non-Specialist Health Workers to Deliver a Brief Psychological Treatment for Depression in Primary Care in India: Findings from a Randomized Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 6368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176368.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Task sharing holds promise for scaling up depression care in countries such as India, yet requires training large numbers of non-specialist health workers. This pilot trial evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a digital program for training non-specialist health workers to deliver a brief psychological treatment for depression. Methods: Participants were non-specialist health workers recruited from primary care facilities in Sehore, a rural district in Madhya Pradesh, India. A three-arm randomized controlled trial design was used, comparing digital training alone (DGT) to digital training with remote support (DGT+), and conventional face-to-face training. The primary outcome was the feasibility and acceptability of digital training programs. Preliminary effectiveness was explored as changes in competency outcomes, assessed using a self-reported measure covering the specific knowledge and skills required to deliver the brief psychological treatment for depression. Outcomes were collected at pre-training and post-training. Results: Of 42 non-specialist health workers randomized to the training programs, 36 including 10 (72%) in face-to-face, 12 (86%) in DGT, and 14 (100%) in DGT+ arms started the training. Among these participants, 27 (64%) completed the training, with 8 (57%) in face-to-face, 8 (57%) in DGT, and 11 (79%) in DGT+. The addition of remote telephone support appeared to improve completion rates for DGT+ participants. The competency outcome improved across all groups, with no significant between-group differences. However, face-to-face and DGT+ participants showed greater improvement compared to DGT alone. There were numerous technical challenges with the digital training program such as poor connectivity, smartphone app not loading, and difficulty navigating the course content—issues that were further emphasized in follow-up focus group discussions with participants. Feedback and recommendations collected from participants informed further modifications and refinements to the training programs in preparation for a forthcoming large-scale effectiveness trial. Conclusions: This study adds to mounting efforts aimed at leveraging digital technology to increase the availability of evidence-based mental health services in primary care settings in low-resource settings.
22
Huynh, Trang, Hugh H. Harris, Hao Zhang, and Barry N. Noller. "Measurement of labile arsenic speciation in water and soil using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES)." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 2 (2015): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14047.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context Both inorganic and organic arsenic species are toxic to the environment when labile. The Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films technique, equipped with ferrihydrite binding gel enables measurement of labile arsenic species from water and soil solutions. This study indicated that labile arsenic species are quantitatively adsorbed to the gel, and that they are stable for up to 2 weeks following deployment. Abstract Arsenic speciation was determined in the solution extracted from a ferrihydrite binding gel layer in a DGT unit (FB-DGT) deployed in water using coupled high-performance liquid chromatography and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AFS). However, the extent of change in arsenic speciation during the extraction process is unknown. By identifying the arsenic species in the FB-DGT gel directly, using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) fitting with model arsenic compounds, we obtain a better understanding of the ability of FB-DGT to measure labile arsenic species in solution. The results presented herein confirm that FB-DGT accumulated labile inorganic and methylated arsenic species. Arsenic species bound to the FB-DGT gel were stable for up to 2 weeks following deployment. However, caution should be applied when interpreting the proportion of As species measured by HPLC-HG-AFS in solution extracted from FB-DGT because the distribution of arsenic species in extracted solutions was found to be modified by the extraction process. Some (~20%) of arsenate was converted into arsenite, and a significant amount (~25%) of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) was converted into monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV) or arsenate (AsV). Only inorganic arsenite (iAsIII) was stable during the extraction process. These findings suggested that, based on the XANES measurement, although As species were quantitatively accumulated in the FB-DGT gel, the FB-DGT technique was still unsuitable for studying As speciation. This is because changes in arsenic speciation were observed to occur during gel extraction, prior to HPLC-HG-AFS measurement, and because the XANES technique is available for routine measurements.
23
Cheng, Hao, Yanying Li, Hamid Pouran, William Davison, and Hao Zhang. "Investigation of diffusion and binding properties of uranium in the diffusive gradients in thin-films technique." Environmental Chemistry 19, no. 4 (November 2, 2022): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en22078.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context Monitoring uranium concentrations and speciation in aquatic systems is important for pollution control and for environmental studies. Although an in situ speciation technique based on diffusion and uptake of uranium has been developed, known as DGT, there were uncertainties over some parameters affecting the accuracy of the measurements. This study resolved those uncertainties by investigating diffusion and binding properties of uranium in DGT and provided confidence in monitoring uranium in the environment. Rationale Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) ha been used for uranium speciation measurements since 2006, but interpretational difficulties have arisen due to uncertainties in the pH dependence of U diffusion coefficients (D) within the diffusive gel. This work tested the hypothesis that differences in measured D values between laboratories are due to methodological artifacts. Methodology The properties of uranium binding and diffusion of U within DGT were systematically investigated at different conditions between pH 3–8 and ionic strength from 1 to 500 mmol L−1. Previous uncertainties were attributed to loss of U by adsorption within the diffusion cell, identified by mass balance calculations, and a binding efficiency dependent on the type of binding gel. Results The diffusion coefficient in an agarose cross-linked polyacrylamide gel measured using Metsorb DGT of 5.26 ± 0.17 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 agreed well with both values obtained using a pre-conditioned diffusion cell (< 7% difference) and by modelling. The binding efficiencies for Chelex DGT (BChelex = 0.86–0.89) and Fe-oxide DGT (BFe-oxide = 0.64 were smaller than for Metsorb DGT (BMetsorb = 1). No significant differences were found for BChelex at different pH. Discussion This work demonstrated that the diffusion coefficient of uranium is independent of pH and the binding gel used, provided the binding efficiency (B) is taken into account. These findings indicate that DGT equipped with either Metsorb or Chelex binding gels should be capable of measuring U for a wide range of environmental conditions provided the appropriate diffusion coefficients and binding efficiencies are used.
24
van der Veeken, Pascal L. R., José P. Pinheiro, and Herman P. van Leeuwen. "Metal Speciation by DGT/DET in Colloidal Complex Systems." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 23 (December 2008): 8835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es801654s.
Full text
25
Yezek, Lee P., Pascal L. R. van der Veeken, and Herman P. van Leeuwen. "Donnan Effects in Metal Speciation Analysis by DET/DGT." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 24 (December 15, 2008): 9250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es8021232.
Full text
26
Sari, Mega Nurmala, and Riatu Mariatul Qibthiyyah. "Probability and the Factors That Affect the Loss of Tax Disputes in the Indonesian Tax Court." 13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 13, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(95).
Full textAbstract:
Tax disputes are disputes that arise due to differences in understanding of the rights and obligations in implementing tax laws and regulations between Taxpayers and Tax administration (DGT) which can be resolved in the appeal process at the Tax Court. According to Aritonang (2020), the legal remedy for filing an appeal against a tax dispute is a further substantive examination of the Tax Assessment Letter issued during the tax audit, and the Objection Decision Letter which is determined in the objection process at the DGT. The practice of tax disputes must be able to describe how the government, in carrying out its duties, upholds the principle of justice to create tax trust in the wider community.Nevertheless, in reality, there are not a few objection decisions that cannot be defended in the Tax Court which results in the defeat of the DGT or the victory for the Taxpayers. From 2011-to 2018, almost every year the percentage of DGT losing is higher than the DGT winning percentage. The highest percentage of DGT's wins occurred in 2017 which was 40 percent, while 2018 was the year where DGT's wins reached the lowest point of 28 percent. The average decision of the Tax Court appeals that won the DGT from 2011-to 2018 was 34 percent. When compared to other countries, the DGT's winning rate over tax disputes is indeed quite low. Indonesia occupies the 32nd position or the 4th lowest position compared to other countries. Both the logit model and the linear probability model (LPM) are used to estimate the data in this study where the dependent variable is a binary variable consisting of 0 and 1 (0 if the decision does not win DGT and 1 if the decision wins DGT). Keywords: Appeal Decision, Influencing Factors, Tax Administration loss
27
Şimşek, Arife, Şule Sancak, and Gülfem Bakan. "Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water and Sediments at the Mid-Black Sea Region by Using Passive Sampling Method Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 6 (July 3, 2021): 1076–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1076-1086.4217.
Full textAbstract:
Determining the potential bioavailability of heavy metals, evaluating according to adapted regulations is essential to efficiently conserve our coastal and estuarine waters. In this study, it is aimed to determine the industrial pollution and various other pollution sources that the Black Sea Basin is exposed to by using DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films) method and grab (manuel) sampling method in water and sediment and to evaluate the existing pollution according to quality standards. In Samsun, seasonal samples were collected from five different sampling stations, namely Akkiraz Stream, Hıdırellez Stream, Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ) Channel, Şabanoğlu Stream and Selyeri Stream, which are selected from Tekkeköy region where industry is intensively active. In order to determine the heavy metal content in both water and sediment samples, the DGT method was chosen for passive sampling and the grab sampling method was used for active sampling, and the efficiency of the methods was evaluated. According to the results of the study, the heavy metal concentration in grab sampling for water samples in descending order Al> Fe> Zn> Pb> Ni> Cu; In the samples taken with DGT, they are listed as Al> Fe> Zn> Cu> Ni> Pb. There were significant relationships between the total metal concentrations of sediment (Csed) and water (Csu) in grab sampling and metal concentrations sediment (Csed-DGT) and water (Csu-DGT) measured by DGT. It was found that the sensitivity and performance of sampling with DGT was 2-10 times higher compared to grab sampling. The high resolution in situ DGT technique for the assessment and management of the potential release risk of heavy metals at the water-sediment interface is a complementary method that contributes to the standard grab sampling method.
28
Fiorino, Patricia, Fabiana Sant'Anna Evangelista, Fernando Santos, Fátima Maria Motter Magri, Jan Carlo Morais O. B. Delorenzi, Milton Ginoza, and Vera Farah. "The Effects of Green Tea Consumption on Cardiometabolic Alterations Induced by Experimental Diabetes." Experimental Diabetes Research 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/309231.
Full textAbstract:
We evaluated cardiac autonomic modulation by heart rate (HRV), and arterial pressure variability (APV), and metabolic response in streptozotocin diabetic rats treated with green tea. Male Wistar rats were separated in groups: control, drinking tap water (C), green tea-treated (GT) group, diabetic, drinking tap water (D), and diabetic, treated with green tea (DGT). Kidney mass was greater in D and DGT than in C and GT, but reduced in DGT compared to D. Green tea prevented the increase in creatinine clearance and reduced hyperglycemia in DGT compared to D. Arterial pressure was increased in GT and decreased in D compared to C. HRV was reduced in D compared with all groups. APV was decreased in D compared to C and recovery in DGT. Sympathetic modulation of APV was decreased in D compared with all groups. Green tea reduced hyperglycemia, prevented renal injury and autonomic dysfunction, suggesting reduced cardiovascular risk and target organ damage in diabetes.
29
Diviš, Pavel, Marek Reichstädter, Yue Gao, Martine Leermakers, and Jakub Křikala. "Determination of Mercury in Fish Sauces by Thermal Decomposition Gold Amalgamation Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy after Preconcentration by Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121858.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of mercury in food presents a challenge for analytical chemists. Sample pre-treatment and the preconcentration of mercury prior to measurement are required, even when highly sensitive analytical methods are used. In this work, the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films technique (DGT), combined with thermal decomposition gold amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA-AAS), was investigated for the determination of the total dissolved mercury in fish sauces. Moreover, a new type of binding gel with Purolite S924 resin was used in DGT. Linearity assays for DGT provided determination coefficients around 0.995. Repeatability tests showed a relative standard deviation of less than 10%. pH values in the range of 3–6, as well as NaCl concentrations up to 50 g·L−1, did not affect the performance of DGT. The effective diffusion coefficient of mercury in five-fold diluted fish sauce was determined to be (3.42 ± 0.23)·10−6 cm2·s−1. Based on the 24 h deployment time of DGT, the limit of detection (LOD) for the investigated method was 0.071 µg·L−1. The proposed method, which combines DGT and TDA-AAS, allows for the analysis of fish sauces with mercury concentrations below the LOD of TDA-AAS, and significantly reduces the wear and corrosion of the TDA-AAS components.
30
Zhang, Hao, and William Davison. "In situ speciation measurements. Using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) to determine inorganically and organically complexed metals." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173010009.
Full textAbstract:
The possibilities of using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) to perform speciation measurements in natural waters are discussed. Both techniques measure labile species, but different approaches have been used to discriminate organic (Corg) and inorganic (Cinorg) metal complexes. In DGT, metals are bound to a resin after passing through a hydrogel that serves as a well-defined diffusion layer. DGT devices with different hydrogels that impede the diffusion of humic substances by different amounts were deployed in solutions of copper and humic substances. Devices with a gel composition that greatly restricted the diffusion of humic substances, but only retarded the diffusion of Cu ions slightly, could be used directly to determine Cinorg. By using different, more open pored gels, which allowed some passage of humic substances, it was possible to determine both Corg and Cinorg. The two separate measurements of Cinorg obtained using the two DGT approaches agreed well. At the high concentrations of Cu used there was good agreement with the predicted distribution from the speciation code WHAM. At the lowest Cu concentration, the proportion of Cinorg estimated using DGT was higher than with WHAM. Possibilities of errors in the DGT or modeling approaches are discussed.
31
Österlund, Heléne, Mikko Faarinen, Johan Ingri, and Douglas C. Baxter. "Contribution of organic arsenic species to total arsenic measurements using ferrihydrite-backed diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)." Environmental Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en11057.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental contextBoth the mobility and toxicity of arsenic in natural waters are related to the aqueous species distribution. Passive sampling using ferrihydrite-backed diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) devices has in previous studies been characterised to measure labile inorganic arsenic, and the possible contribution of organic species has been disregarded. This study shows that the two most prevalent organic arsenic species might be included in DGT measurements, which should be taken into consideration when evaluating DGT data in future studies. AbstractIn previous publications discussing arsenic determination using ferrihydrite-backed diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) devices, organic arsenic forms have been disregarded, even though it is known that the two most prevalent in natural waters, dimethylarsinate (DMA) and monomethylarsonate (MMA), may adsorb to ferrihydrite and thereby be included in the measurement. In this work the accumulation of DMA and MMA, as well as inorganic arsenite and arsenate, to ferrihydrite-backed DGT devices was investigated. It could be demonstrated that MMA, and under acidic conditions also DMA, adsorbed to the binding layer and might therefore contribute to the total mass of measured arsenic. Diffusion coefficients were measured for all four species to enable quantification of DGT-labile concentrations of organic and inorganic arsenic. Elution of the analytes from the ferrihydrite binding layer was performed using 1 mL of 1 M NaOH to facilitate arsenic speciation analysis using chromatographic separation. Average recovery rates were between 87 and 108 %. This study shows that the contribution of DMA and MMA to the total accumulated mass must be taken into consideration when evaluating DGT data in future studies.
32
Kugler, Christian. "Festrede 25 Jahre DGT." Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 142, no. 01 (March 15, 2017): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-100708.
Full text
33
Hillejan, Ludger. "Veranstaltungshinweise der DGT 2017." Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 142, no. 01 (March 15, 2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599320.
Full text
34
Hillejan, Ludger. "Neue Mitglieder der DGT." Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie 142, no. 01 (March 15, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599322.
Full text
35
Zhang, Tong Jie, Yan Cao, and Xiang Wei Mu. "Route Optimization of DGT Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.845.
Full textAbstract:
An improved genetic algorithm for route optimization in DGT is proposed in this paper. In which, method of initial population, cross and mutation are improved to make it more suitable for DGT. It uses a dynamic operator to realize the adaptive adjustment of the parameters. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of local optimum and "premature convergence" and improves the search efficiency and adaptability. The proposed algorithm can effectively solve the path optimization problem in DGT in time.
36
Ivanchenko, Maria G., Olivia R. Ozguc, Stephanie R. Bollmann, Valerie N. Fraser, and Molly Megraw. "RNA-Seq analysis of genes affected by Cyclophilin A/DIAGEOTROPICA (DGT) in tomato root development." F1000Research 9 (September 28, 2020): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25750.1.
Full textAbstract:
Cyclophilin A/DIAGEOTROPICA (DGT) has been linked to auxin-regulated development in tomato and appears to affect multiple developmental pathways. Loss of DGT function results in a pleiotropic phenotype that is strongest in the roots, including shortened roots with no lateral branching. Here, we present an RNA-Seq dataset comparing the gene expression profiles of wildtype (‘Ailsa Craig’) and dgt tissues from three spatially separated developmental stages of the tomato root tip, with three replicates for each tissue and genotype. We also identify differentially expressed genes, provide an initial comparison of genes affected in each genotype and tissue, and provide the pipeline used to analyze the data. Further analysis of this dataset can be used to gain insight into the effects of DGT on various root developmental pathways in tomato.
37
Desaulty, Anne-Marie, Philippe Lach, and Sébastien Perret. "Rapid determination of lead isotopes in water by coupling DGT passive samplers and MC-ICP-MS laser ablation." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 35, no. 8 (2020): 1537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ja00121j.
Full textAbstract:
We have developed a method for measuring Pb-isotope compositions in natural water, based on coupling a commercially available chelex-100 DGT passive sampler with direct laser-ablation MC-ICP-MS on DGT resin.
38
Sagawa, Hiroyuki. "Single and Double Charge Exchange Excitations of Spin-Isospin Mode." EPJ Web of Conferences 223 (2019): 01053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922301053.
Full textAbstract:
We study the sum rules of double Gamow-Teller (DGT) excitations through double spin-isospin operator (σt)2 In general, 2+states in the granddaughter nuclei have dominant transition strength in DGT excitations and 0+states are weak, except in T = 1 mother nuclei in which 0+strength is competitive with 2+strength. A possibility to extract the unit cross section for the DGT transition strength is pointed out in the (#x03C3;t)2 excitation of double isobaric analog state (DIAS) in T = 1 nuclei.
39
Tandy, Susan, Simon Mundus, Hao Zhang, Enzo Lombi, Jens Frydenvang, Peter E. Holm, and Søren Husted. "A new method for determination of potassium in soils using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT)." Environmental Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en11070.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental contextPotassium is an essential plant nutrient and farmers need to be able to predict how much soil K is plant available in order to optimise fertiliser applications and crop production. Traditional methods such as chemical extraction are generally poor predictors. A DGT based methodology that could enhance the assessment of plant available K is developed, which will assist plant growers to determine the correct fertiliser application, thereby avoiding crop deficiencies and limiting the misuse of K as a precious natural resource. AbstractPotassium is an essential plant nutrient often limiting plant productivity. Ammonium acetate extraction is often used to predict the potassium status of soils. However, correlation between extracted K and plant uptake is often poor, especially over a range of different soil textures. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), which determines the diffusive supply of elements, has been shown to accurately measure plant available elements in several cases. Up until now, however, the DGT devices available have not been suitable for measuring K. We set out to develop a DGT device suitable for the measurement of K in soil and test its ability to predict plant available K. The DGT device contained a binding layer based on Amberlite IRP-69 cation exchange resin. It proved suitable for the measurement of K under conditions similar to those usually found in soil if a 2-h deployment time was used and the labile K concentration was limited to 400 µM. Prediction of plant K concentrations with DGT were similar to those with ammonium acetate extractions over a range of typical agricultural soils with sandy and sandy loam textures. The results indicate that this new type of DGT has the potential to improve the accuracy of predictions of the K status of soils, although more tests using a wider range of plant species and soils are necessary.
40
You, Nan, Zhong-Ming Feng, Yun Wang, Hong-Tao Fan, and Ting Sun. "Carbon nanodot aqueous binding phase-based diffusive gradients in thin films device for measurement of dissolved copper and lead species in the aquatic environment." Analyst 143, no. 22 (2018): 5568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an00612a.
Full textAbstract:
A reliable method for the determination of dissolved Cu2+and Pb2+species in waterviaa diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) device using water-soluble carbon nanodots (CD) as the binding agent was developed (CD-DGT).
41
Veeken, Pascal L. R. van der, and Herman P. van Leeuwen. "DGT/DET Gel Partition Features of Humic Acid/Metal Species." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 14 (July 15, 2010): 5523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es100861t.
Full text
42
Zhang, Hao, and William Davison. "Diffusional characteristics of hydrogels used in DGT and DET techniques." Analytica Chimica Acta 398, no. 2-3 (October 1999): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00458-4.
Full text
43
Hendry, Jans, Isnan Nur Rifai, and Yoga Mileniandi. "Sampled and discretized of short-time Fourier transform and non-negative matrix factorization: the single-channel source separation case." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 9, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13858.
Full textAbstract:
The Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is a popular time-frequency representation in many source separation problems. In this work, the sampled and discretized version of Discrete Gabor Transform (DGT) is proposed to replace STFT within the single-channel source separation problem of the Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) framework. The result shows that NMF-DGT is better than NMF-STFT according to Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR), Signal-to-Artifact Ratio (SAR), and Signal-to-Distortion Ratio (SDR). In the supervised scheme, NMF-DGT has a SIR of 18.60 dB compared to 16.24 dB in NMF-STFT, SAR of 13.77 dB to 13.69 dB, and SDR of 12.45 dB to 11.16 dB. In the unsupervised scheme, NMF-DGT has a SIR of 0.40 dB compared to 0.27 dB by NMF-STFT, SAR of -10.21 dB to -10.36 dB, and SDR of -15.01 dB to -15.23 dB.
44
Hill, Benjamin, Jakob Santner, Heide Spiegel, Markus Puschenreiter, and Walter W. Wenzel. "Diffusive gradients in thin films predicts crop response better than calcium-acetate-lactate extraction." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 121, no. 2-3 (October 7, 2021): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10173-2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSoil P testing has been widely used to predict crop yields, P uptake, and fertilizer demands in agriculture. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) provides a zero-sink soil P test which mimics diffusion-controlled plant uptake and has previously been found to predict P availability to crops better than conventional quantity-based P tests in highly weathered Australian, though not in European soils. Here we tested the performance of DGT and the Austrian and German standard P quantity test calcium acetate lactate (CAL) to explain the variation of crop yield and P uptake response of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in long-term P fertilization experiments at four different sites in eastern Austria. Phosphorus extracted with DGT (P-DGT) and CAL (P-CAL) correlated well in similar soils but not across sites with large variation in soil and site properties such as carbonate equivalent and water availability. The predictive power of DGT for barley (R2 = 0.42) and wheat grain yield (R2 = 0.32), and P uptake in wheat grains (R2 = 0.36) was clearly superior to that of the CAL, and less dependent on soil properties. The better performance of DGT compared to the quantity test is consistent with diffusion-limited P uptake in the water-limited cultivated soils of eastern Austria. The critical values of P deficiency derived from the Mitscherlich-type fits for barley and wheat at 80% relative yield are 64.9 and 26.2 µg L−1, respectively, consistent with differential P demands of the crops.
45
Cornu, Jean-Yves, and Laurence Denaix. "Prediction of Zinc and Cadmium Phytoavailability Within a Contaminated Agricultural Site using DGT." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 1 (2006): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05050.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental Context.In some agricultural areas, soils are contaminated by trace elements. This contamination of cultivated soils may constitute a serious problem for human health through the accumulation of metals in the edible parts of crops. In order to assess the risk for human health associated with metal contamination of soil, we need to develop simple tools like Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) for predicting crop metal accumulation. The present study focuses on an agricultural site contaminated with fallout from industrial dust and reveals that DGT could be a predictive tool of zinc accumulation in lettuce. Abstract.Risk assessment of metal contamination in cultivated soils needs to address metal phytoavailability. The technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) has been shown to be a promising tool to assess metal phytoavailability in a wide range of soils. The present study has examined the ability of the DGT method to predict metal phytoavailability within a contaminated agricultural site. Lettuce (Lactuva sativa cv Appia) was grown in nine metal-contaminated soils differing mainly by their pH. Metal concentrations (Zn, Cd) in plant shoots were compared with total soil metal concentrations and free ion metal concentrations in soil pore waters, and effective concentrations, CE, measured by DGT. Plant Zn concentrations were highly related to CE, suggesting DGT can be a sensitive tool able to assess Zn phytoavailability within mildly contaminated agricultural soils. Plant Cd concentrations were less closely related to CE, signifying that processes other than Cd re-supply from the solid phase may occur during soil–plant transfer of Cd.
46
Yao, Hui, Nan You, Hong-Guang Cao, Li-Xia Kang, Jin-Bao Wu, Yu-Jie Zhao, Hong-Tao Fan, and Yan-Li Yi. "In-situ sampling of available calcium using diffusive gradients in thin-films technique based on benzo-crown ether-functionalised silica as the binding agent." Environmental Chemistry 15, no. 4 (2018): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17228.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental contextLow availability of calcium (Ca2+) in soils is one of the major factors in Ca2+ deficiency of plants and physiological plant disorders. A device based on functionalised silica was developed for in-situ measurement of the available Ca2+ in soils. Application of the proposed device to measure available Ca2+ may help to develop and improve agricultural practices. AbstractCalcium is an ion of particular interest due to its importance in plant nutrition and soil structure. A novel device of diffusion gradients in thin-films (DGT) based on the benzo-crown ether-functionalised silica (BCES) as the binding agent and the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane as diffusive layer (BCES-DGT) was developed for in-situ sampling of available calcium (Ca2+) in freshwater and soil samples. The performance characteristics of the BCES-DGT device were assessed. The BCES was prepared using the sol-gel process and characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and N2 adsorption–desorption. Results evinced that BCES was obtained successfully with a rough wrinkled surface and good specific surface area of 111.3 m2 g−1. The diffusion coefficient of Ca2+ ions in PES membrane was found to be 1.23 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 25 °C and was independent of pH in the range of 3–10 and ionic strength (as pNaCl) from 1 to 3. The high binding capacity of BCES binding gel for Ca2+ ions was determined to be 9822.4 ± 452.9 μg Ca2+/disk and was conducive to the deployment of long-term or high concentration. The BCES-DGT device can accurately measure the concentrations of Ca2+ over wide ranges of ionic strengths (1–3 as pNaCl) and pH (5–10). There was no significant interference on the uptake of Ca2+ by the BCES-DGT device at the tolerance limits up to 500 for Mg2+, Li+, HCO3−, H2PO4−, NO3− and SO42−, 250 for Sr2+, 2000 for K+ and 50 for fulvic acid. The results from BCES-DGT device were in excellent agreement with those measured directly using ion selective electrode in several water and soil samples. Field application in river water indicated that a good agreement was obtained between BCES-DGT value and mean grab sample measurements of Ca2+ and that the relative standard deviation of BCES-DGT measurement (4.7 %) was superior to that of grab sample measurements (13.5 %), suggesting that BCES-DGT was reliable for in-situ sampling and measurement of available Ca2+ with good accuracy and precision.
47
Vardaro, Jennifer, Moritz Schaeffer, and Silvia Hansen-Schirra. "Translation Quality and Error Recognition in Professional Neural Machine Translation Post-Editing." Informatics 6, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics6030041.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to analyse how translation experts from the German department of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation (DGT) identify and correct different error categories in neural machine translated texts (NMT) and their post-edited versions (NMTPE). The term translation expert encompasses translator, post-editor as well as revisor. Even though we focus on neural machine-translated segments, translator and post-editor are used synonymously because of the combined workflow using CAT-Tools as well as machine translation. Only the distinction between post-editor, which refers to a DGT translation expert correcting the neural machine translation output, and revisor, which refers to a DGT translation expert correcting the post-edited version of the neural machine translation output, is important and made clear whenever relevant. Using an automatic error annotation tool and the more fine-grained manual error annotation framework to identify characteristic error categories in the DGT texts, a corpus analysis revealed that quality assurance measures by post-editors and revisors of the DGT are most often necessary for lexical errors. More specifically, the corpus analysis showed that, if post-editors correct mistranslations, terminology or stylistic errors in an NMT sentence, revisors are likely to correct the same error type in the same post-edited sentence, suggesting that the DGT experts were being primed by the NMT output. Subsequently, we designed a controlled eye-tracking and key-logging experiment to compare participants’ eye movements for test sentences containing the three identified error categories (mistranslations, terminology or stylistic errors) and for control sentences without errors. We examined the three error types’ effect on early (first fixation durations, first pass durations) and late eye movement measures (e.g., total reading time and regression path durations). Linear mixed-effects regression models predict what kind of behaviour of the DGT experts is associated with the correction of different error types during the post-editing process.
48
Town, Raewyn M., Parthasarathi Chakraborty, and Herman P. van Leeuwen. "Dynamic DGT speciation analysis and applicability to natural heterogeneous complexes." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 2 (2009): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08091.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context. The environmental fate and bioavailability of metal ions in natural waters is determined by their thermodynamic stability and kinetic features, both of which are distributed and depend on the metal ion loading of the system. Diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) is a dynamic technique for metal speciation analysis that measures a certain portion of these complexes as determined by its operational timescale. Reliable interpretation of data furnished by DGT necessitates characterisation of its features for the particular case of heterogeneous complexes. Abstract. Owing to their inherent heterogeneity, the thermodynamic stability of metal ion complexes with natural ligands is characterised by a distribution, and thus is a function of metal-to-ligand ratio. The kinetic features of such metal complexes are also distributed and can be probed by dynamic speciation techniques. The kinetic regime of the metal complex sample can be manipulated via the metal-to-ligand ratio, and the timescale over which kinetic parameters are actually in effect is defined by the window of the chosen technique. Here we detail the kinetic features of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT), and show that the range of attainable measurement timescales (τ) is rather limited: variation of the gel layer thickness practically allows only one order of magnitude in τ to be scanned. The more effective use of DGT to probe the distribution of dynamic metal species in heterogeneous systems is via variation of the metal-to-ligand ratio in the sample solution. Compilation of the literature DGT data for natural waters shows that by assuming a Freundlich isotherm relationship, the degree of heterogeneity is reflected in the measured DGT concentration as a function of metal ion loading.
49
Andayani, Tri Juniati, Ratih Puspa, and Henri Subiakto. "CENTRALISTIC REFORM: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TAX REFORM CAMPAIGN IN THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF TAXES." Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi 14, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v14i2.2132.
Full textAbstract:
The Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) has been running a tax reform program to enable a comprehensive transformation in the taxation system to create a strong, credible, and accountable tax institution. This program enhances equitable taxation and an excellent and integrated data expansion to increase tax revenues. The discourses on tax reform are primarily promoted on DGT communication channels, including its online social media. This discourse leads to a likely impact of a partial taxation system. Thisresearch aims to analyze the discourse of tax reform on the online social media of DGT using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis based on texts on online media as the primary data. It was revealed that DGT conveys messages about tax reform in three ways: tax reformation as a public communication campaign, discourse of Indonesia taxation transparency, and discourse of taxation in the Directorate General of Taxes to face the 4.0 industrial revolution. DGT conveys these three discourses according to its work scope as a state institution that constantly strives for making transformations through its programs that are carried out based on the provisions of the umbrella institutions, including the vision and mission of the President. In this case, the President’s vision and mission are inseparable from the demands of the times, international pressure, the history of the nation, and social changes in society.
50
Galceran, Josep, and Jaume Puy. "Interpretation of diffusion gradients in thin films (DGT) measurements: a systematic approach." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 2 (2015): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14068.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context Dynamic speciation of an element in a natural medium is essential for understanding its availability. The technique of diffusion gradients in thin films (DGT) has become a widely used tool for in situ environmental studies, being applied to determine fluxes of metal cations, anions, organics and nanoparticles. The interpretation of the measurements with suitable physicochemical models gives valuable insights into the behaviour of the system. Abstract Gaining insight into the physicochemical processes integrated in a DGT (diffusion gradients in thin films) measurement and combining them in a model can assist in retrieving fundamental information, both qualitative and quantitative, on the probed system. New experiments (such as varying the thicknesses of the gel or the resin layer) and their mathematical treatment to extract meaningful parameters have been suggested from theoretical considerations. The concept of lability degree is useful in describing an interpretation of the DGT concentration as the summation of the free metal concentration plus the labile fraction of all complexes multiplied by a ratio of diffusion coefficients. In some cases, the lability degree can be directly estimated with specific measurements and a very simple expression. We review the current status of these interpretations, including numerical simulations, with special focus on analytical expressions, because they can be more accessible to the standard DGT practitioner. Present limitations and challenges for future work in DGT interpretation are also discussed.